query: what money system does australia use?

title: Financial system in Australia

text: financial conglomerates. Superannuation in Australia is government-supported and encouraged, and minimum provisions are compulsory for employees. Superannuation arrangements are provided by banks and insurance companies, though most funds are self-managed. Superannuation funds are tightly regulated. There are several payment systems in use within Australia, many of which are regulated by Australian Payments Clearing Association (APCA), including: The Australian currency is the Australian dollar, which is Australia's legal tender. Clearing and settling of cash payments (also called CS5) are regulated by APCA as the Australian Cash Distribution Exchange System (ACDES). Cheques are still the most important non-cash payment instruments in Australia,

title: The purpose of a system is what it does

text: be balanced by a more straightforwardly descriptive view. The term is used in many fields including biology and management. The purpose of a system is what it does The purpose of a system is what it does (POSIWID) is a systems thinking heuristic coined by Stafford Beer. Stafford Beer coined the term POSIWID and used it many times in public addresses. In his address to the University of Valladolid, Spain, in October 2001, he said "According to the cybernetician, the purpose of a system is what it does. This is a basic dictum. It stands for bald fact, which makes

title: The purpose of a system is what it does

text: The purpose of a system is what it does The purpose of a system is what it does (POSIWID) is a systems thinking heuristic coined by Stafford Beer. Stafford Beer coined the term POSIWID and used it many times in public addresses. In his address to the University of Valladolid, Spain, in October 2001, he said "According to the cybernetician, the purpose of a system is what it does. This is a basic dictum. It stands for bald fact, which makes a better starting point in seeking understanding than the familiar attributions of good intention, prejudices about expectations, moral judgment,

title: What Does the Bee Do?

text: What Does the Bee Do? "What Does the Bee Do?" is the fourth episode of the second season of the HBO television series "Boardwalk Empire", and 16th episode overall. First aired on October 16, 2011, it was written by executive story editor Steve Kornacki and directed by Ed Bianchi. Nucky looks to Rothstein for a port to receive alcohol, since the Coast Guard is blockading Atlantic City. Rothstein instructs Lansky and Luciano to oversee the Philadelphia delivery. Nucky also sends Owen Sleater to bomb Doyle's still. Margaret asks for 'money for the children' from Nucky, which she proceeds to hide

title: What Kate Does

text: week." VanDerWerff of the "LA Times", Ryan of the "Chicago Tribune", Sepinwall of "The Star-Ledger", Jensen of "Entertainment Weekly" and Mark Medley of the "National Post" also found the episode to contain humorous lines. This episode was watched by 11 million American viewers and 1.57 million Canadian viewers. What Kate Does "What Kate Does" is the 106th television episode of the American Broadcasting Company's "Lost" and third episode of the sixth season. It was written by executive producers Edward Kitsis and Adam Horowitz and directed in September 2009 by Paul Edwards. "What Kate Does" was first aired February 9, 2010,

title: What Kate Does

text: What Kate Does "What Kate Does" is the 106th television episode of the American Broadcasting Company's "Lost" and third episode of the sixth season. It was written by executive producers Edward Kitsis and Adam Horowitz and directed in September 2009 by Paul Edwards. "What Kate Does" was first aired February 9, 2010, on ABC in the United States and on CTV in Canada. Kate Austen is the character on whom the episode is centered. In December 2007, Kate Austen chases after James "Sawyer" Ford (Josh Holloway), who escapes from the Others' captivity in the island's temple and is grieving over

title: What She Does Best

text: What She Does Best What She Does Best is a studio album by country singer Lynn Anderson, released in 1988. It was her only album with Mercury records. Notable due to featuring her last charting single, "What She Does Best" did not chart and was commercially unsuccessful. It would be her last album for four years, as Anderson went into a brief retirement and officially retired from releasing singles. The singles from this disc were "Under the Boardwalk" (a cover version of The Drifters' hit), "What He Does Best", and "How Many Hearts". "Under the Boardwalk" reached No. 24; the

title: What Has Government Done to Our Money?

text: What Has Government Done to Our Money? What Has Government Done to Our Money? is a 1963 book by Murray N. Rothbard that details the history of money, from early barter systems, to the gold standard, to present day systems of paper money. Rothbard explains how money was originally developed, and why gold was chosen as the preferred commodity to use as money. The essay, "What Has Government Done to Our Money?" was written by Rothbard as an objective historical account with a provocative title. In contrast, "The Case for a 100 Percent Gold Dollar" was an essay with an

title: What Kate Does

text: reviews"; however, this was down significantly from the previous episode's 89 and Bonnie Covel of About.com noted that " 'What Kate Does' brought us a bit of negativity. In general, fans just didn't like the episode". "What Kate Does" was largely considered to be a step down from the season premiere in pacing, revelations and writing; Mike Hale of "The New York Times" described the episode as "contemplative", "anticlimactic" and "subdued" and the flash sideways as "kind of boring and seemingly pointless." Chris Carabott of IGN, who gave the episode a score of 7.3 summed up that " 'What Kate

title: Financial system in Australia

text: authorised money market dealers and foreign exchange dealers. Participants in the financial system consist of commercial banks, investment banks, finance companies, building or cooperative societies, credit unions, friendly societies, superannuation and approved deposit funds, public unit trusts, cash management trusts, mortgage originators, insurance companies, institutional funds investing in and financing debt. Banking in Australia is dominated by what are known as the "big four", which are also referred to as the pillars of the Australia's financial system: There are several smaller banks with a presence throughout the country, and a large number of other financial institutions, such as credit unions.

title: What She Does Best

text: other singles charted far outside the Top 40. "How Many Hearts" was the last single Anderson released, and it peaked at No. 69 on the country charts in 1989. The album's cover shows Anderson leaning on a fancy sports car, wearing a classic 1980s outfit. What She Does Best What She Does Best is a studio album by country singer Lynn Anderson, released in 1988. It was her only album with Mercury records. Notable due to featuring her last charting single, "What She Does Best" did not chart and was commercially unsuccessful. It would be her last album for four

title: Virgin Money Australia

text: royalties to the Virgin Group, and Virgin has a seat on the board of Bank of Queensland. Virgin Money Australia Virgin Money Australia is an Australian financial services company owned by Bank of Queensland, and has 150,000 customers. In 2003, Virgin Money was launched in Australia with the launch of Virgin Money credit cards. Virgin Money Australia initially launched in partnership with Macquarie Bank Pty Ltd, followed by Westpac under a five-year agreement. It added superannuation (2005) and home loans (2008) to their product suite. The card was Australia’s first no annual fee credit card. The card was marketed as

title: Virgin Money Australia

text: Virgin Money Australia Virgin Money Australia is an Australian financial services company owned by Bank of Queensland, and has 150,000 customers. In 2003, Virgin Money was launched in Australia with the launch of Virgin Money credit cards. Virgin Money Australia initially launched in partnership with Macquarie Bank Pty Ltd, followed by Westpac under a five-year agreement. It added superannuation (2005) and home loans (2008) to their product suite. The card was Australia’s first no annual fee credit card. The card was marketed as a cheaper option to most other credit cards with up to 55 interest-free days and an interest

title: Fair use

text: in place, although this does vary. Fair dealing is established in legislation in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, Singapore, India, South Africa and the United Kingdom, among others. While Australian copyright exceptions are based on the Fair Dealing system, since 1998 a series of Australian government inquiries have examined, and in most cases recommended, the introduction of a "flexible and open" Fair Use system into Australian copyright law. From 1998 to 2017 there have been eight Australian government inquiries which have considered the question of whether fair use should be adopted in Australia. Six reviews have recommended Australia adopt a "Fair

title: Use-case analysis

text: be completed. The primary goals of a use case analysis are: designing a system from the user’s perspective, communicating system behavior in the user’s terms, and specifying all externally visible behaviors. Another set of goals for a use case analysis is to clearly communicate: system requirements, how the system is to be used, the roles the user plays in the system, what the system does in response to the user stimulus, what the user receives from the system, and what value the customer or user will receive from the system. This walkthrough will set out one example of how to

title: History of fair use proposals in Australia

text: CAL stated it would be used to "...run any legal cases that would arise as a result of changes in legislation, and cover operating costs while the law remained unsettled and where there had been a reduction in licence fees". Universities Australia argued it was "ironic" to fund a campaign against fair use with money obtained through orphan works: “This just goes to show that Australian authors wouldn’t be harmed if universities and schools could rely on a fair-use exception for copying orphan works...If Australia had a fair-use exception, this money would never have been collected in the first place.”

title: P.S.K. What Does It Mean?

text: was first used on the song "Rock 'N' Roll" which later became "You'll Be Under My Wheels". The second time they used it is from a song called "Lyrical Terrorist" which later became "Serial Thrilla", but it was soon used on the album "The Day Is My Enemy". P.S.K. What Does It Mean? "P.S.K. What Does It Mean?" (also written as "P.S.K. (What Does It Mean?)") is a song released in 1985 by Philadelphia rapper Schoolly D on his independent label Schoolly D Records. P.S.K. is the abbreviation for Park Side Killas, a street gang with which Schoolly D was

title: P.S.K. What Does It Mean?

text: P.S.K. What Does It Mean? "P.S.K. What Does It Mean?" (also written as "P.S.K. (What Does It Mean?)") is a song released in 1985 by Philadelphia rapper Schoolly D on his independent label Schoolly D Records. P.S.K. is the abbreviation for Park Side Killas, a street gang with which Schoolly D was affiliated. The highly influential song is considered the first hardcore rap song and features incidents of graphic sex, gunplay, drug references and one of the first uses of the word "nigga" in a rap song (earlier uses include "Scoopy Rap" and "Family Rap" in 1979, and "New York

title: What Does Anything Mean? Basically

text: of its icy church keyboards and delay-ridden guitars". Chris Jenkins, in the book "The Rough Guide to Rock", however, called it "as half-baked as its title". What Does Anything Mean? Basically What Does Anything Mean? Basically is the second studio album by English post-punk band the Chameleons. It was recorded in January 1985 and released 1 October 1985 by record label Statik. One single was released from the album: "Singing Rule Britannia (While the Walls Close In)". "What Does Anything Mean? Basically" was recorded in January 1985 at Highland Studios in Inverness, Scotland. The album's sole single, "Singing Rule Britannia

title: What Does Anything Mean? Basically

text: What Does Anything Mean? Basically What Does Anything Mean? Basically is the second studio album by English post-punk band the Chameleons. It was recorded in January 1985 and released 1 October 1985 by record label Statik. One single was released from the album: "Singing Rule Britannia (While the Walls Close In)". "What Does Anything Mean? Basically" was recorded in January 1985 at Highland Studios in Inverness, Scotland. The album's sole single, "Singing Rule Britannia (While the Walls Close In)", was released on 1 August 1985. This song used uncredited Lennon-McCartney lyrics, with the final passage of the song quoting key

title: What Difference Does It Make?

text: and the covers featuring Morrissey are now very rare and collectible. "What Difference Does It Make?" was released without an accompanying music video. Speaking to Tony Fletcher on "The Tube" in 1984, Morrissey remarked that he felt that the video market was something that was going to "die very quickly", and that he wanted to "herald the death" of it. What Difference Does It Make? "What Difference Does It Make?" is a song by the English rock band the Smiths, written by singer Morrissey and guitarist Johnny Marr. It was the band's third single and is featured on their debut

title: What Difference Does It Make?

text: What Difference Does It Make? "What Difference Does It Make?" is a song by the English rock band the Smiths, written by singer Morrissey and guitarist Johnny Marr. It was the band's third single and is featured on their debut album, "The Smiths". A different version, recorded for the John Peel Show on BBC Radio 1, is included in the compilation album "Hatful of Hollow". The song was one of the band's first significant chart hits, peaking at No. 12 in the UK Singles Chart. However, Morrissey has said "What Difference Does It Make?" is among his least favourite songs

title: Helicopter money

text: speech. Although the original definition of helicopter money describes a situation where central banks distribute cash directly to individuals, more modern use of the term refer to other possibilities, such as granting a universal tax rebate to all households, financed by the central bank. This is for example what Australia did in 2009 or the United States with the Economic Stimulus Act of 2008. The use of tax rebates explain why some consider helicopter money as a fiscal stimulus as opposed to a monetary policy tool. Helicopter money however is not meant to be permanent, and is therefore a different

text: use include: History of fair use proposals in Australia The history of fair-use proposals in Australia is a series of Australian government enquiries into the introduction of a "flexible and open" "fair use" system into Australian copyright law. Between 1998 and 2016, eight enquiries examined, and in most cases recommended, the introduction of fair use in place of the current "fair dealing" system which allows copyrighted material to be used only if it meets one of four specific purposes as set out in the Act. A change to a fair-use system would allow copyright material to be used "without" the

title: Money

text: was a unit of weight, and relied on the mass of something like 160 grains of barley. The first usage of the term came from Mesopotamia circa 3000 BC. Societies in the Americas, Asia, Africa and Australia used shell money – often, the shells of the cowry ("Cypraea moneta L." or "C. annulus L."). According to Herodotus, the Lydians were the first people to introduce the use of gold and silver coins. It is thought by modern scholars that these first stamped coins were minted around 650–600 BC. The system of commodity money eventually evolved into a system of representative

text: History of fair use proposals in Australia The history of fair-use proposals in Australia is a series of Australian government enquiries into the introduction of a "flexible and open" "fair use" system into Australian copyright law. Between 1998 and 2016, eight enquiries examined, and in most cases recommended, the introduction of fair use in place of the current "fair dealing" system which allows copyrighted material to be used only if it meets one of four specific purposes as set out in the Act. A change to a fair-use system would allow copyright material to be used "without" the copyright owner's

title: Virgin Money Australia

text: A&G Insurance Services and also announced their strategic alliance with CitiBank, with plans to launch a suite of retail banking services in 2010. Virgin Money credit cards were relaunched in Australia on 27 July 2010 with two card types: the Velocity Rewards Credit Card, co-branded with Velocity Frequent Flyer, and the No Annual Fee Credit Card. All credit cards are also co-branded with Visa credit card. In 2013 Virgin Money Australia was bought by Bank of Queensland for $40 million. Under the deal, Bank of Queensland have rights to the Virgin Money name in Australia for four decades while paying

title: What Kate Does

text: the death of his love Juliet Burke (Elizabeth Mitchell) just hours earlier. In flash sideways to September 22, 2004, Kate assists a pregnant Claire Littleton (Emilie de Ravin) while on the run as a fugitive. The title alludes to the second season episode "What Kate Did". "What Kate Does" was watched by eleven million Americans and received mixed reviews by audiences and critics alike. In flash sideways, Kate Austen (Evangeline Lilly) flees LAX in a taxicab she has hijacked, in which a pregnant Claire Littleton (Emilie de Ravin) is a passenger. The cab driver (David H. Lawrence XVII) bails and

title: Political funding in Australia

text: study in Australia", Democratic Audit of Australia, Discussion Paper no. 35 of December 2006 <http://democratic.audit.anu.edu.au> Iain McMenamin: "Business, Politics and Money in Australia: Testing Economic, Political and Ideological Explanations", Working Papers in International Studies, no. 4 of 2008, Centre for International Studies, Dublin City University <http://www.dcu.ie> Graeme Orr: "The Law of Politics. Elections, Parties and Money in Australia", Sydney: Federation Press, 2010. Iain McMenamin: "If Money Talks, What Does It Say? Corruption and Business Financing of Political Parties", Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013. Political funding in Australia Political funding in Australia deals with political donations, public funding and other forms

title: What Does the K Stand For?

text: What Does the K Stand For? What Does the K Stand For? is a BBC Radio Four sitcom series based on the experiences of comedian Stephen K. Amos growing up as a teenager in south London in the 1980s. The broadcast of the first series began in November 2013; the third series commenced in January 2017. Reviewing Series 1, Episode 1 for "Radio Times", Tristram Fane Saunders found the show suited Amos "down to the ground; there's a touch of "Seinfeld" about "What Does the K Stand for?" in the way it flows from stand up into a deliciously awkward

title: Sound Money Economics System

text: fared poorly. The party seems to have disappeared shortly after the election. Sound Money Economics System Sound Money Economics System was a fringe political party in Manitoba, Canada, during the provincial election of 1941. The group claimed to be a non-political and non-sectarian organization, willing to work with "any government and the people to end unemployment permanently". The need to permanently end involuntarily being without a job was assigned by SMES to the money system and (or within) the economic system. This is consistent with money system reform efforts and The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money by John

title: Sound Money Economics System

text: Sound Money Economics System Sound Money Economics System was a fringe political party in Manitoba, Canada, during the provincial election of 1941. The group claimed to be a non-political and non-sectarian organization, willing to work with "any government and the people to end unemployment permanently". The need to permanently end involuntarily being without a job was assigned by SMES to the money system and (or within) the economic system. This is consistent with money system reform efforts and The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money by John Maynard Keynes. The SMES ran three candidates in Winnipeg, all of whom

title: Monetary system

text: banks print all the money, this is not reflective of what actually happens. Today's global monetary system is essentially a fiat system because people can use paper bills or bank balances to buy goods. Money Monetary system A monetary system is the set of institutions by which a government provides money in a country's economy. Modern monetary systems usually consist of the national treasury, the mint, the central banks and commercial banks. A commodity money system is a monetary system in which a commodity such as gold or silver is made the unit of value and physically used as money.

title: Virgin Money Australia

text: to the ‘Ignite’ card by Westpac. At the time of Virgin Money's launch in Australia the group company that combined the UK and Australian operations was co-owned by Virgin Group and HHG. In 2004 100% ownership of that UK/Australia group company was acquired by Virgin Group for Aus. $219 million. In 2008, Virgin Money Australia withdrew its home loan product from the Australian market due to the financial crisis of 2007–2010 and the credit cards portfolio was transferred to its supplier, Westpac Banking Corporation, after the end of a 5-year agreement. In 2009, Virgin Money launched car insurance, partnering with

title: What Does Anything Mean? Basically

text: lyrics of the Beatles song "She Said, She Said". "What Does Anything Mean? Basically" was released 1 October 1985 on record label Statik. "What Does Anything Mean? Basically" has been generally well received by critics. In his retrospective review, Ned Raggett of AllMusic called it "[a] rarity of sophomore albums, something that at once made the band all the more unique in its sound while avoiding a repetition of earlier work. [...] an astounding record." "Trouser Press" called it "even better" than "Script of the Bridge", "with much stronger production underscoring both the band's direct power and the ghostly atmospherics

title: What Does the Bee Do?

text: the bomb that Slater set explodes, badly burning one of them. "What Does The Bee Do?" is a children's poem from the late 1800s by Christina Rossetti. Margaret Schroeder's daughter recites it in the episode. "IGN" gave the episode a score of 8.5 out of 10, saying that it "effortlessly hits that sweet spot between advancing the plot while developing characters, much in the same way that the Season 2 premiere did." "The A.V. Club" rated the episode an "A-". The episode was watched by 2.546 million viewers. It fell two tenths, to 1.0 million adults 18-49 rating. What Does

title: Linguistic system

text: a descriptive category must be defended from three perspectives: from above (‘what does it construe?’ ‘what effect does it have in a context of use?’), below (‘how is this function realized?’) and round about (‘what else is in the neighbourhood?’ ‘what other things does this thing have to interact with?’). This gives systemic functional linguistics an affinity with studies of complex systems. Linguistic system The idea of language as a 'system' appears in the linguistic theory of Ferdinand de Saussure, J.R. Firth, Benjamin Lee Whorf, Louis Hjelmslev, and Michael Halliday. The paradigmatic principle - the idea that the process of

title: What Kate Does

text: that it by no means compared to "LA X", but stated that it "contain[ed] scenes of incredible beauty, based on character work and stakes earned over five seasons [that] made it a fine, if imperfect, hour." McGee also commented that the scene in which Claire arrives at the hospital and is helped by Ethan as "freakin' outstanding" and called "What Kate Does" "one of the funniest in the show's history. Aldo, Hurley, and Miles all got off plenty of zingers, which will be necessary in a season in which both mythological and dramatic stakes are raising higher and higher each

title: What Kate Does

text: doesn't quite know how to write a woman of action who's also in love … many of the show's Kate flashbacks are just plain silly … there have been a lot of pretty dire Kate episodes." Whitney Matheson of "USA Today" said that she "wanted to stab Kate with a hot poker" after watching "What Kate Does". Josh Holloway's supporting performance as a grieving Sawyer was commended by Carabott of IGN, who said that his acting on the dock as he cried and revealed to Kate that he was going to ask Juliet to marry him was "one of Josh

title: What Kate Does

text: had hidden and later talks with Kate at Dharma's dock. He explains that he planned to propose to Juliet and that he blames himself for her death, saying that he convinced her to stay on the island with him because he was lonely. Meanwhile, Jin is caught by the Others, who want to kill him instead of taking him back. Suddenly, someone shoots them and Jin is shocked to see that the shooter is Claire. The episode has received mixed reviews. Critical review aggregate website Metacritic awarded "What Kate Does" a score of 64 out of 100, indicating "generally favorable

title: What Does the K Stand For?

text: feel less like real people than excuses to weave in a few good dad jokes". Overall, Elan found, "What lifts the show are the elements of diaspora life weaved throughout, as when Aunty Princess visits from Nigeria and accuses Virginia [Stephen's mother] of cultural betrayal ('You have adopted too many fine and fancy British ways'). Stephen defends the family by suggesting she should 'go back home', prompting him to reflect that he has turned into his own racist enemy. It's unexpectedly thoughtful stuff, suggesting the third series may be even better." What Does the K Stand For? What Does the

title: International Money Transfers System Leader

text: International Money Transfers System Leader Leader System is a company based in Russia. The full title of the company is International Money Transfers System Leader ("Система «Международные денежные переводы Лидер»"). The company is headquartered in Moscow, Russia. The International Money Transfers System Leader is an international operator of person-to-person money transfers. The Leader System was founded in April 2003. It provides money transferring services to persons without opening an account. Also it accepts payments for the services of various providers. There are over 130 000 locations in 130 countries worldwide in the geography of the Leader System. There are over

title: Use value

text: the use-value of the goods and services in which they trade, since what matters to capitalists is just the money they make; whatever the buyer does with the goods and services produced is, so it seems, of no real concern. But this is arguably a misunderstanding of business activity and the bourgeoisie as a class. Marx thought that capitalists can never be totally "indifferent" to use-values, because inputs of sufficient quality (labour, materials, equipment) must be bought and managed to produce outputs that: For this purpose, the inputs in production must moreover be used in an economical way, and care

text: “Flexible loyalty systems for clients and banks”. International Money Transfers System Leader Leader System is a company based in Russia. The full title of the company is International Money Transfers System Leader ("Система «Международные денежные переводы Лидер»"). The company is headquartered in Moscow, Russia. The International Money Transfers System Leader is an international operator of person-to-person money transfers. The Leader System was founded in April 2003. It provides money transferring services to persons without opening an account. Also it accepts payments for the services of various providers. There are over 130 000 locations in 130 countries worldwide in the geography

title: What Has Government Done to Our Money?

text: better off in the same way that supplying more pears does. When new money is supplied, it does not enter the economy at all points and in all places at once. It is often guided into specific markets sometimes unintentionally or intentionally incentivized by government legislation. Sometimes, new money from the government can be intentionally marketed to specific economic areas by banks. Sometimes government tries to guide new money into the most general dispersion as possible. But, new money always enters into specific areas, and this causes prices in those areas of the economy to rise faster than other prices

title: Does exactly what it says on the tin

text: began a similar copycat advertising campaign in Ireland stating that its product "does exactly what it says on the tube". The phrase is a registered trademark of the Sherwin-Williams Company, the owner of Ronseal, across the European Community for products including paints, varnishes, and wood preservatives (E3085826). In 2007, a song titled "What It Says on the Tin" was released by the British singer Katie Melua. Although the song is about relationships, the phrase has a similar meaning. Does exactly what it says on the tin "It does exactly what it says on the tin" was originally an advertising slogan

text: on the fair use doctrine every day when producing their movies and television shows". The copyright exception system – either fair use or fair dealing – is unrelated to parallel import restrictions, or the duration of the copyright term, although the three are often conflated in public debates. Currently (2017) Australia has a purpose-based approach to exceptions, called "fair dealing". The system contains an explicit list of "technical bespoke copyright exceptions" which means the use of copyrighted material "without" the specific consent of the copyright-holder is only allowed if the proposed use is one of a number of specific purposes

title: Illicit drug use in Australia

text: country to prevent the tragedy from re-occurring. However, despite state and federal governments investing millions of dollars in anti-drug campaigns, ecstasy use has increased amongst Australians, including young people. During the 1990s, Australia experienced a heroin "epidemic", in which high quality, low priced heroin, imported from South East Asia, was readily available in many metropolitan, suburban and rural areas. However, since 2001, Australia has been experiencing what is being referred to as a "heroin drought", with high grade heroin being much more difficult to access. As a result of this, many other illicit drugs have risen and fallen in popularity

title: Commodity money

text: and barter (Mesopotamia circa 3000 BC), it can be inconvenient to use as a medium of exchange or a standard of deferred payment due to transport and storage concerns, and eventual rancidity. Gold or other metals are sometimes used in a price system as a store of perceived value that does not break down due to environmental deterioration and that can be easily stored (demurrage). The use of barter like methods using commodity money may date back to at least 100,000 years ago. Trading in red ochre is attested in Swaziland, shell jewellery in the form of strung beads also

title: Financial system in Australia

text: The Bankcard scheme is no longer in use. BPAY is a bill payment system used in Australia, which is regulated by the four major banks and not by APCA. As of January 2015, the BPAY payments system covered more than 156 participating Australian banks, credit unions and financial institutions. More than 45,000 business accept payments using BPAY and each month approximately 30 million bills are paid to the value of $24 billion. High value payments (also known as CS4) are regulated by APCA under the Regulations for High Value Clearing System Framework. The main high value payment systems in Australia

text: Kim Williams, chair of CAL, responded that “The reason for provisioning this money is simple: any board that does not prudently provision for the risk of a calamitous regulatory change … would be guilty of extreme negligence.” Over the course of the various public inquiries, many example use-cases for where fair use would be applicable have been proposed. In some circumstances (such as time shifting) the use-case has been incorporated as a new exception under fair dealing, but in most instances the situation remains unchanged. Some most commonly raised examples of currently-illegal or paid-for activities which would fall under fair

title: Trust money

text: can appropriate that sum out of the dormant trust money. Trust money In Australia, Trust money is held by a law firm on a client's behalf in a trust account with a bank. Trust money is held in connection with the provision of legal services and is highly regulated. A lawyer or law firm should not appropriate a client's trust money until certain regulations are met, which are different for each State in Australia. The Australian system regulating lawyers and their trust accounts has been labeled by the Rudd Government as an "unwieldy monster". Trust money is held to cover

title: The Fox (What Does the Fox Say?)

text: neighborhood in Edwards Landing, Leesburg, Virginia, who every Halloween creates an LED light show with a hit song. This song appears in "Just Dance 2015". This song for Leicester City title song parody "What do the Foxes Say?" in 442oons video. !scope="col" colspan="3"| Streaming Note: The Fox (What Does the Fox Say?) "The Fox (What Does the Fox Say?)" is an electronic dance novelty song and viral video by Norwegian comedy duo Ylvis. The top trending video of 2013 on YouTube, "The Fox" was posted on the video-sharing website on 3 September 2013, and has received over 800 million views

title: Blood money (restitution)

text: to offer blood money ("hapuigeum", 합의금) to the victim, and if accepted then the perpetrator is usually excused further punishment. It is often brokered by the police. Despite being common practice, its use in high-profile cases does sometimes result in protests. In the Somali people's customary law, which they call "Xeer" (a polycentric legal system developed indigenously), blood money is issued in the event of libel, theft, physical harm, rape and death, as well as to supply assistance to relatives of the injured party. In the Christian Bible, the term is used to refer to the thirty pieces of silver

title: Money (That's What I Want)

text: and has lyrics that are almost entirely rewritten. Money (That's What I Want) "Money (That's What I Want)" is a song written by Tamla founder Berry Gordy and Janie Bradford that became the first hit record for Gordy's Motown enterprise. The song was recorded in 1959 by Barrett Strong for the Tamla label, distributed nationally on Anna Records. It went on to be covered by many artists, including the Beatles in 1963 and the Flying Lizards in 1979. The song was originally recorded by Barrett Strong and released on Tamla in August 1959. Anna Records was operated by Gwen Gordy,

title: Money (That's What I Want)

text: Money (That's What I Want) "Money (That's What I Want)" is a song written by Tamla founder Berry Gordy and Janie Bradford that became the first hit record for Gordy's Motown enterprise. The song was recorded in 1959 by Barrett Strong for the Tamla label, distributed nationally on Anna Records. It went on to be covered by many artists, including the Beatles in 1963 and the Flying Lizards in 1979. The song was originally recorded by Barrett Strong and released on Tamla in August 1959. Anna Records was operated by Gwen Gordy, Anna Gordy and Roquel "Billy" Davis. Gwen and

title: What Does It Take (To Win Your Love)

text: G (with Ellis Hall on vocals) covered this tune on his 1986 album "Duotones". What Does It Take (To Win Your Love) "What Does It Take (To Win Your Love)" is a 1968 song that was a 1969 hit single by Jr. Walker & The All Stars. The single was one of Jr. Walker's most successful releases, becoming a hit on both the R&B and pop singles charts. "What Does It Take (To Win Your Love)," written by Johnny Bristol, Harvey Fuqua, and Vernon Bullock, made it into the top five on the Hot 100, and became Jr. Walker's second

title: What Does It Take (To Win Your Love)

text: What Does It Take (To Win Your Love) "What Does It Take (To Win Your Love)" is a 1968 song that was a 1969 hit single by Jr. Walker & The All Stars. The single was one of Jr. Walker's most successful releases, becoming a hit on both the R&B and pop singles charts. "What Does It Take (To Win Your Love)," written by Johnny Bristol, Harvey Fuqua, and Vernon Bullock, made it into the top five on the Hot 100, and became Jr. Walker's second number one on the R&B charts. The song was also a hit in the

title: Trust money

text: Trust money In Australia, Trust money is held by a law firm on a client's behalf in a trust account with a bank. Trust money is held in connection with the provision of legal services and is highly regulated. A lawyer or law firm should not appropriate a client's trust money until certain regulations are met, which are different for each State in Australia. The Australian system regulating lawyers and their trust accounts has been labeled by the Rudd Government as an "unwieldy monster". Trust money is held to cover the practitioner’s fees and disbursements over a period of time

title: What Has Government Done to Our Money?

text: readjustment called recessions. Rothbard states that many European governments went bankrupt due to World War I, and how they left the gold standard in order to try to solve their financial issues. He also argues that this strategy was partially responsible for World War II, and led to economic problems throughout the world. What Has Government Done to Our Money? What Has Government Done to Our Money? is a 1963 book by Murray N. Rothbard that details the history of money, from early barter systems, to the gold standard, to present day systems of paper money. Rothbard explains how money

title: Electoral system of Australia

text: Australia (1877). Colonial (soon to become States) electoral laws, including the secret ballot, applied for the first election of the Australian Parliament in 1901, and the system has continued to be a feature of all elections in Australia and also applies to referendums. The Commonwealth Electoral Act 1918 does not explicitly set out the secret ballot but a reading of sections 206, 207, 325 and 327 of the Act would imply its assumption. Sections 323 and 226(4) do however, apply the principle of a secret ballot to polling staff and would also support the assumption. Proxy voting is not permitted

title: Money train

text: New York Transit Museum in Brooklyn. The use of a train was necessary because of difficulties in getting to and from stations using over-street transport, and because, since the subway reaches every station, the rail system itself can be used to collect money from ticket machines. The 1995 American crime thriller film "Money Train" depicts a robbery of such a train. Singapore's Mass Rapid Transit system introduced a four-car money train when the system was commissioned in 1987. Used to transfer cash trolleys from stations to a counting facility at Bishan Depot, the increased use of stored value tickets resulted

title: What Does It Take (Dave Days song)

text: What Does It Take (Dave Days song) "What Does It Take" is a song by American singer Dave Days. It served as the third and final single from his 2010 EP "Dinner and a Movie". It is one of Dave's most recognizable songs, and was also played on Disney Channel's So Random!. The song's music video is set in a high school, where Dave realizes he has gotten the lead part in the school play. Amanda Lynn (Days' interest in the video) sees she has gotten the second lead, and runs to her boyfriend, who ignores her. Days and Lynn

title: The Fox (What Does the Fox Say?)

text: The Fox (What Does the Fox Say?) "The Fox (What Does the Fox Say?)" is an electronic dance novelty song and viral video by Norwegian comedy duo Ylvis. The top trending video of 2013 on YouTube, "The Fox" was posted on the video-sharing website on 3 September 2013, and has received over 800 million views as of November 2018. "The Fox" peaked at the top of the Norwegian Singles Chart and was hugely successful in the United States, where it peaked at number six on the "Billboard" Hot 100 for three consecutive weeks, and was, before the US release of

title: 2018 Swiss sovereign-money initiative

text: money and currency; the Confederation has the exclusive right to issue coins and banknotes" (article 99). Thus, the creation of cash, today less than 10% of all the money in circulation, remain under the control of the central bank. The Swiss National Bank chairman, Thomas Jordan, warned that "Acceptance of the initiative would plunge the Swiss economy into a period of extreme uncertainty" because "Switzerland would have an untested financial system that would differ fundamentally from that of any other country". The Deutsche Bundesbank does not support the initiative. Economist L. Randall Wray has argued repeatedly on what he sees

title: Payment system

text: in the very use of money The technical efficiency of payment system is important for a development of economy. An Automated clearing house (ACH) system processes transactions in batches. Transactions are stored and transmitted in batches to the ACH. ACHs are net settlement systems, so settlement may be delayed, and there is settlement risk. Real-time gross settlement systems (RTGS) are funds transfer systems where transfer of money or securities takes place from one bank to another on a "real-time" and on "gross" basis. Settlement in "real time" means that payment transaction does not require any waiting period. The transactions are

title: Illicit drug use in Australia

text: prisoners in Australia. From 2013-2017, the amount of people imprisoned for illicit drug crimes increased faster than people imprisoned for any other type of crime. In 1990, 1347 people were in prison with the most serious offence being an illicit drug offence. This was 10% of all prisoners in Australia. Between 2015 and 2016, in Australia there were a total of 154,538 recorded arrests relating to illicit drugs. Illicit drug use in Australia Illicit drug use in Australia is the recreational use of prohibited drugs in Australia. Illicit drugs include illegal drugs (such as cannabis, opiates, and certain types of

title: Methamphetamine use in Australia

text: Methamphetamine use in Australia Methamphetamine is an illegal substance sought after by many in Australia to give oneself a ‘high’ or a ‘rush’ in their body. Methamphetamine has many names not only in Australia, but also around the world. These include Chalk, Crypto, Getgo, Tweak, and Cristy, although the two most common ones in Australia today are Speed and Ice. Users of this drug often feel senses of exhilaration and arousal as the brain is flooded with monoamines which kill receptors and leaves them wanting more as it is the only way they can have these sensations following use of

title: William Does His Bit

text: and tells his mother what happened. His mother does not believe him, and continues sewing. William decides that he and Ginger should become highwaymen to steal some money to account for money that was lost by them, and by William's bike being removed because he trampled flowers over with it. William and Ginger dress up as what they think highwaymen look like. Their first attempts are useless, but then they steal a man's briefcase, believing it to be full of treasure. It turns out it is full of rocks. Ethel is starting a rockery, and William sells them to her

title: Money multiplier

text: of various empirical measures of money supply, such as M2 (broad money) over M0 (base money), or it can be the theoretical "maximum commercial bank money/central bank money" ratio, defined as the reciprocal of the reserve ratio, formula_5 The multiplier in the first (statistic) sense fluctuates continuously based on changes in commercial bank money and central bank money (though it is "at most" the theoretical multiplier), while the multiplier in the second (legal) sense depends only on the reserve ratio, and thus does not change unless the law changes. For purposes of monetary policy, what is of most interest is

title: Electoral system of Australia

text: Electoral system of Australia The Australian electoral system comprises the laws and processes used for the election of members of the Australian Parliament. The system presently has a number of distinctive features including compulsory enrolment, compulsory voting, majority-preferential instant-runoff voting in single-member seats to elect the lower house, the House of Representatives, and the use of the single transferable vote proportional representation system to elect the upper house, the Senate. The timing of elections is governed by the Constitution and political conventions. Generally, elections are held approximately every three years and are conducted by the independent Australian Electoral Commission (AEC).

title: Fly system

text: by the incorporation of a motor and controls, in what is commonly called a motor-assist system. By using counterweight in such a manner, motor sizes can be kept relatively small. The use of a particular type of fly system in a theater usually does not preclude the use of other rigging methods in the same theater. A hemp fly system, so named for the manila hemp rope that was once common in theatrical rigging, is the oldest type of fly system, certainly the simplest type of system. Recent research shows that the hemp system, although known for centuries, was not

title: Token money

text: Token money In economics, Token money, or Token, is money that has little intrinsic value compared to its face value. Unlike fiat money, which also has little intrinsic value, it is limited legal tender. It does not have free coinage. More broadly token money typically represents the promise to be exchanged for something of value in the future. Token money can exist an account record rather than physical form. Since the late twentieth century token money has also had a digital form; as an account on a computer system. This is digital money that is not legal tender. Plato distinguished

text: and prescriptive in nature". Similar fair use systems are also used in countries including Israel, Singapore, South Korea, and Poland. Opponents of the proposed fair-use system say that it would introduce "significant and unnecessary uncertainty into Australian law” and that it is "an American legal principle that has enabled large enterprises in the US to use copyright material for free". The Motion Picture Association of America considers its potential introduction of in Australia to be a notable "foreign trade barrier" despite proactively supporting the existence of the fair use doctrine in the USA through legal action as "...our members rely

title: What Has Government Done to Our Money?

text: of other things in the economy. If it entered into all areas of the economy at once, then a commensurate share of it would always appear under your pillow whenever it was created, and clearly, if everyone had twice the money than they did the day before, prices would also merely be doubled and the extra money would be of no real consequence. So, while money is a commodity whose price is affected by supply and demand, it does not become more beneficial to society if its supply is increased. Increasing the supply of money only confuses society's ability to

title: What Has Government Done to Our Money?

text: it takes less money to get the same amount of pears, folks either enjoy more pears, eat the same amount of pears but also buy other things they could not have previously bought, eat the same amount of pears and then save the unspent money to consume something else in the future, continue eating no pears but enjoy an increased income due to a decrease in the amount of money previously reserved for pear consumption throughout the rest of society, or some combination of the four alternatives. To continue in this illustration: Supplying more money does not make all people

title: Illicit drug use in Australia

text: Illicit drug use in Australia Illicit drug use in Australia is the recreational use of prohibited drugs in Australia. Illicit drugs include illegal drugs (such as cannabis, opiates, and certain types of stimulants), pharmaceutical drugs (such as pain-killers and tranquillisers) when used for non-medical purposes, and other substances used inappropriately (such as inhalants). According to government and community organisations, the use and abuse, and the illegality, of illicit drugs is a social, health and legal issue that creates an annual illegal market estimated to be worth 6.7 billion. Prior to Australian Federation, there was little policy response to the use

title: Methamphetamine use in Australia

text: Welfare reported that males were more likely than females to use methamphetamine (8.2% to 5.9% respectively) and 20- to 29-year-olds were most likely to have used methamphetamine recently. The study also found, for people aged 14 years or older, the highest level of recent methamphetamine use was found among those who stated they were homosexual/bisexual (7.1%). Methamphetamine use was also high among unemployed people (4.8%), those who had never been married (3.8%) and single people without children (3.4%). Methamphetamine use in Australia Methamphetamine is an illegal substance sought after by many in Australia to give oneself a ‘high’ or a

title: Methamphetamine use in Australia

text: scene in Australia, it has developed and stronger forms of methamphetamine such as Crystal Methamphetamine has in turn increased in the usages over the past decade. In studies conducted by the Australian Government, between 1998 and 2010 there has been a slight decrease in the methamphetamine drug use in Australia; furthermore, between 2007 and 2010 methamphetamine use in males decreased from 9.8% to 6.8%. Since 2007, the trend has decreased in association to drug use with methamphetamine; however, after 2010 the trend according to the Australian Bureau of Statistics indicate an increase in drug use and drug offenses occurring in

title: Electoral system of Australia

text: an election in which every seat in the Parliament is contested. The Governor-General would usually take such action only on the advice of the Prime Minister. Electoral system of Australia The Australian electoral system comprises the laws and processes used for the election of members of the Australian Parliament. The system presently has a number of distinctive features including compulsory enrolment, compulsory voting, majority-preferential instant-runoff voting in single-member seats to elect the lower house, the House of Representatives, and the use of the single transferable vote proportional representation system to elect the upper house, the Senate. The timing of elections

title: Fiat money

text: Fiat money Fiat money is a currency without intrinsic value that has been established as money, often by government regulation. Fiat money does not have use value, and has value only because a government maintains its value, or because parties engaging in exchange agree on its value. It was introduced as an alternative to commodity money and representative money. Commodity money is created from a good, often a precious metal such as gold or silver, which has uses other than as a medium of exchange (such a good is called a commodity). Representative money is similar to fiat money, but

title: Methamphetamine use in Australia

text: quantities, trafficable, large trafficable and commercial trafficable quantities as legislative policies. <nowiki>***</nowiki> Intent to sell and supply comes under trafficking laws in some states in Australia depending upon the amount of prohibited substance. Between 2009 and 2010 there were 41,087 illicit drug offenses in Australia. Between 2013 and 2014 this number increased by over 25 percent to 50,854 drug offenses; furthermore, drug use increased from 22,842 to 28,409 over the same period of time. This portrays an increasing trend in the amount of drug use in Australia and drug offenses. However, since methamphetamine has become more available in the drug

title: Money multiplier

text: commercial banks to curtail lending (one can "pull" money via this mechanism), but input of central bank money does not compel commercial banks to lend (one cannot "push" via this mechanism). This described growth in excess reserves has indeed occurred in the Financial crisis of 2007–2010, US bank excess reserves growing over 500-fold, from under $2 billion in August 2008 to over $1,000 billion in November 2009. Money multiplier In monetary economics, a money multiplier is one of various closely related ratios of commercial bank money to central bank money under a fractional-reserve banking system. Most often, it measures an

title: Money order

text: and credit unions may not charge for money orders to their clients. Money orders remain a trusted financial instrument. However, just because a particular business can issue a money order does not necessarily mean that they will cash them. The U.S. Postal Service issues money orders for a small charge at any location. The United States Postal Service began selling money orders as an alternative to sending currency through the postal system in order to reduce post office robberies, an idea instituted by Montgomery Blair who was Postmaster-General 1861-1864. Money orders were later offered by many more vendors than just

title: Steroid use in Australia

text: Steroid use in Australia Anabolic/androgenic steroids are drugs that are obtained from the male hormone, testosterone. Anabolic steroids are used for muscle-building and strength gain for cosmetic reasons as well as for performance-enhancement in athletics and bodybuilding. Anabolic steroids work in many ways by increasing protein synthesis in the muscles and by eliminating the catabolic process (the process of breaking down skeletal muscle for energy). It is common for teens and adults to use steroids as they stimulate and encourage muscle growth much more rapidly than natural body building. In Australia, many people are encouraged to use steroids due to

title: Fiat money

text: Iraqi central government which issued the notes. Fiat money Fiat money is a currency without intrinsic value that has been established as money, often by government regulation. Fiat money does not have use value, and has value only because a government maintains its value, or because parties engaging in exchange agree on its value. It was introduced as an alternative to commodity money and representative money. Commodity money is created from a good, often a precious metal such as gold or silver, which has uses other than as a medium of exchange (such a good is called a commodity). Representative

title: Does Anybody Really Know What Time It Is?

text: which also simulcasts in Maine as WJTO 730) plays the original vinyl "" edit. Does Anybody Really Know What Time It Is? "Does Anybody Really Know What Time It Is?" is a song by the rock band Chicago. It was included on their 1969 debut album "Chicago Transit Authority" and released as a single in 1970. The song was written and sung by Robert Lamm. The song was not released as a single until two tracks from the band's second album, "Make Me Smile" and "25 or 6 to 4", had become hits. It became the band's third straight Top

text: Does Anybody Really Know What Time It Is? "Does Anybody Really Know What Time It Is?" is a song by the rock band Chicago. It was included on their 1969 debut album "Chicago Transit Authority" and released as a single in 1970. The song was written and sung by Robert Lamm. The song was not released as a single until two tracks from the band's second album, "Make Me Smile" and "25 or 6 to 4", had become hits. It became the band's third straight Top 10 single, peaking at in the U.S. and No. 2 in Canada. Because the

title: Does exactly what it says on the tin

text: Does exactly what it says on the tin "It does exactly what it says on the tin" was originally an advertising slogan in the United Kingdom, which then became a common idiomatic phrase. It colloquially means that the name of something is an accurate description of its qualities. It is akin to the previously existing phrases "by name and by nature" and "it lives up to its name". It originated in a series of television advertisements by the woodstain and wood-dye manufacturer Ronseal, initiated in 1994 and still being broadcast . The slogan was created by Liz Whiston and Dave

title: What Difference Does It Make?

text: of the Smiths'. The character Ray Smith in the Jack Kerouac novel "The Dharma Bums" repeatedly says "What difference does it make?" as well as "Pretty girls make graves", the title of another track featured on "The Smiths". The single cover is a photograph of Terence Stamp, taken on the set of the film "The Collector". Originally Stamp denied permission for the still to be used, and some pressings featured Morrissey in a re-enacted scene. In the re-enactment, Morrissey is holding a glass of milk, as opposed to a chloroform pad in the original. However, Stamp later changed his mind,

title: Joint Accreditation System of Australia and New Zealand

text: Joint Accreditation System of Australia and New Zealand Joint Accreditation System of Australia and New Zealand (JAS-ANZ) is an accreditation authority and framework, with the purpose to enhance national, trans-tasman and international trade via accreditation to achieve international recognition for the excellence of Australian and New Zealand goods and services. JAS-ANZ provides a certification mark for use on goods and services that meet accreditation requirements. JAS-ANZ was established by International treaty titled "Agreement between Australia and New Zealand concerning the Establishment of the Council of the Joint Accreditation System of Australia and New Zealand (JAS-ANZ)" signed in Canberra on 30

title: Positive Money

text: Positive Money Positive Money is a not-for-profit organisation based in London and Brussels that campaigns for various monetary reforms. Positive Money's mission is "for a money and banking system that enables a fair, democratic, and sustainable economy." Positive Money was founded by Ben Dyson in 2010, who later joined the Bank of England in 2016. Its current Executive Director is Fran Boait, who is also the prospective parliamentary candidate of the Labour Party for Gloucester in the 2022 general election. Positive Money carries out research into alternative forms of monetary policy and does advocacy campaigns towards the Bank of England

title: Allocation money

text: is halved by the league. That halved amount is then available for use during the next two transfer windows. If it is still not used after those transfer windows, the quantity is no longer available for use. Targeted allocation money can be used in several ways: Targeted allocation money must be applied, if not necessarily used, within four MLS transfer windows of its acquisition. In this case, "applied" does not mean a team actually has to use the amount within four windows. Rather, they merely have to notify the league of how they plan on using their expiring targeted allocation

title: Money, Money, Money

text: director, Lasse Hallström, later acknowledged "Money, Money, Money" as the best ABBA video he ever directed. An alternate music video was filmed for the TV special "ABBA-DABBA-DOOO!!" featuring Agnetha and Frida in 1930s style flapper dresses, with feathers in their hair. Anni-Frid sings the solo parts. "Money, Money, Money" was the second worldwide hit from "Arrival". The song became a number-one chart hit in Australia (ABBA's sixth consecutive chart-topper there), Belgium, France, West Germany, The Netherlands, Mexico and New Zealand, while reaching the top three in Austria, Great Britain, Ireland, Norway and Switzerland. By peaking at No. 3 in the

title: Illicit drug use in Australia

text: Conference and The Treaty of Versailles began to set international agreements on drug laws (Berridge, 1999). Britain signed the treaties on behalf of Australia, and from this point on, Australia's State and Territory governments have created their own laws and policies relating to illicit drug use. In the 1920s and 1930s, there was an increasingly internationalist approach to drug policy, overseen by the League of Nations, with Australia enacting a series of increasingly strict drug laws (Mandelson, 1987), despite the low incidence of illicit drug use in Australia during this period. Although Australia was initially influenced by the strict illicit

title: The Future of Money

text: otherwise we are "painting with a screwdriver". Following the introduction and first chapter, where Lietaer outlines five core problems people are facing worldwide, the book is divided into two parts. Following a chapter-by-chapter outline, Lietaer points to a "Primer on How Money Works", which is as an appendix. He then goes on to explain the origins of our money system, and the underlying problems and benefits of it. Lietaer explains how the cybersphere is fundamentally changing money and the financial system, and what it means for us. He ends part one with five scenarios speculating what might happen if the

title: Money multiplier

text: does not; for example, increases in central bank money may result in increases in commercial bank money – and will, if these ratios (and thus multiplier) stay constant – or may result in increases in excess reserves but little or no change in commercial bank money, in which case the reserve–deposit ratio will grow and the multiplier will fall. There are two suggested mechanisms for how money creation occurs in a fractional-reserve banking system: either reserves are first injected by the central bank, and then lent on by the commercial banks, or loans are first extended by commercial banks, and

title: Key money

text: a is typically charged at contract renewal, similar to repetition of key money, while in Ōsaka key money is instead deducted from a large security deposit, which is known as , from . In recent years, an increasing number of landlords and real estate agencies have begun to offer "reikin"-free rental housing, and the semipublic Urban Renaissance Agency does not charge key money or renewal fees. In Korea, the key money system (as opposed to monthly rent or "wolse") requires the lessee to make a deposit of about two-thirds the total cost of the leased property in lieu of monthly

title: Illicit drug use in Australia

text: The 2012 United Nations World Drug Report published data that indicated that Australia has one of the highest global prevalence of cannabis use. The report also stated that cocaine use had increased over the four years leading up to 2012. The use of 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-methylamphetamine (MDMA), more commonly known as "Ecstasy", declined from 3.7 per cent to 3.0 percent between 2007 and 2010; however, the highest number of manufacturing laboratory interceptions occurred in Australia during this period. The Australian government enacted numerous policies in response to illicit drug use. During the 1980s, it was one of the first countries to enact

title: Money supply

text: money is what makes up the non-M0 components in the M1-M3 statistics. In short, there are two types of money in a fractional-reserve banking system: In the money supply statistics, central bank money is MB while the commercial bank money is divided up into the M1-M3 components. Generally, the types of commercial bank money that tend to be valued at lower amounts are classified in the narrow category of M1 while the types of commercial bank money that tend to exist in larger amounts are categorized in M2 and M3, with M3 having the largest. In the United States, a