query: what is the local language of israel?

title: Arabic language in Israel

text: even so students don't reach fluency unless they continue their studies in the military, mostly in order to take part in an intelligence job. In March 2007, the Knesset approved a new law calling for the establishment of an Arabic Language Academy similar to the Academy of the Hebrew Language. This institute was established in 2008, its center is in Haifa and it is currently headed by Prof. Mahmud Ghanayem. In 2008, a group of Knesset members proposed a bill to remove Arabic's status as an official language. Similar bills have been proposed in 2011 and 2014. In 2009, Israel

title: Basic Law: Israel as the Nation-State of the Jewish People

text: think Zionism is racism". According to the proposal, Israel would be defined as the nation state of the Jewish people, and the right to self-determination in Israel would be unique to the Jewish people. The proposal also stated that the state of Israel should establish ethnic communities where every resident can preserve their culture and heritage, that the Hebrew language would be considered the official language of the state of Israel (while granting the Arabic language a special status), that the Hebrew calendar would become the official calendar of the state of Israel, and that the Hebrew law would serve

title: Revival of the Hebrew language

text: Revival of the Hebrew language The revival of the Hebrew language took place in Europe and Israel toward the end of the 19th century and into the 20th century, through which the language's usage changed from the sacred language of Judaism to a spoken and written language used for daily life in Israel. The process began as a diversity of Jews started arriving and establishing themselves alongside the pre-existing Jewish community of Palestine in the first half of the nineteenth century, when veteran Jews in Palestine (largely Arabic-speaking by that time) and the linguistically diverse newly arrived Jews all switched

title: Revival of the Hebrew language

title: History of Israel

text: the early settlements often remained dependent on foreign donations. Despite the difficulties, more settlements arose and the community grew. The new migration was accompanied by a revival of the Hebrew language and attracted Jews of all kinds; religious, secular, nationalists and left-wing socialists. Socialists aimed to reclaim the land by becoming peasants or workers and forming collectives. In Zionist history, the different waves of Jewish settlement are known as "aliyah". During the First Aliyah, between 1882 and 1903, approximately 35,000 Jews moved to what is now Israel. The first wave coincided with a wave of Jewish migration and Messianism among

title: Revival of the Hebrew language

text: taught Hebrew. While immigrant children were expected to learn Hebrew through school, much effort was put into ensuring adults would learn the language. The institution of the ulpan, or intensive Hebrew-language school, was established to teach immigrants basic Hebrew language skills, and an ulpan course became a major feature of the experience of immigrating to Israel. Young adult immigrants picked up much of their Hebrew through mandatory military service in the Israel Defense Forces, which aimed to teach soldiers Hebrew so they could function in the military and post-military civilian life. During the 1950s, Hebrew was taught in most military

title: Study of the Hebrew language

text: years, of Israeli scholars to the field of Hebrew linguistics, most notably Naftali Herz Tur-Sinai, Chaim Menachem Rabin, E. Y. Kutscher, Shelomo Morag, Joshua Blau, Ze'ev Ben-Hayyim, Elisha Qimron and Moshe Bar-Asher. The Academy of the Hebrew Language (האקדמיה ללשון העברית) in modern Israel is the "Supreme Foundation for the Science of the Hebrew Language" founded by the Israeli Government in 1953. This academy is responsible for creating new Hebrew words to keep up with today's rapidly changing society. In addition, the academy has the "final say" concerning matters of spelling and grammar. Study of the Hebrew language Study of

title: Local council (Israel)

text: important role in town planning. The Union of Local Authorities in Israel (ULAI) is the umbrella organization of local councils in Israel. The union represents the local councils vis a vis the national government. ULAI was established in 1938, under the British Mandate, as the League of Local Councils. Local council (Israel) Local councils - plural: ( "Mo'atzot Mekomiot" (מועצות מקומיות) / singular: ( "Mo'atza Mekomit" (מועצה מקומית) - are one of the three types of local government found in Israel, the other two being cities and regional councils. There are 265 local councils in Israel. Local councils should not

title: Local council (Israel)

text: Local council (Israel) Local councils - plural: ( "Mo'atzot Mekomiot" (מועצות מקומיות) / singular: ( "Mo'atza Mekomit" (מועצה מקומית) - are one of the three types of local government found in Israel, the other two being cities and regional councils. There are 265 local councils in Israel. Local councils should not be confused with local committees, which are lower-level administrative entities. Local council status is determined by passing a minimum threshold, enough to justify operations as independent municipal units, although not large enough to be declared a city. In general this applies to all settlements of over 2,000 people. The

title: Local language (formal language)

text: Local language (formal language) In mathematics, a local language is a formal language for which membership of a word in the language can be determined by looking at a "window" of length two. Equivalently, it is a language recognised by a local automaton, a particular kind of deterministic finite automaton. Formally, a language "L" over an alphabet "A" is defined to be "local" if there are subsets "R" and "S" of "A" and a subset "F" of "A"×"A" such that a word "w" is in "L" if and only if the first letter of "w" is in "R", the last

title: Russian language in Israel

text: in Russian are also available throughout Israel. Russian language in Israel The Russian language in Israel is spoken natively by a large proportion of the population, reaching about 20 percent of the total population by 1989, mostly by immigrants who came from the former Soviet Union in the early 1990s and later years. It is a major foreign language in the country and is used in many aspects of life. Russian is by far the most used non-official native language in Israel. The government and businesses often provide information in Russian, and it is semi-official in some areas with high

title: Local language (formal language)

text: letter of "w" is in "S" and no factor of length 2 in "w" is in "F". This corresponds to the regular expression More generally, a "k"-"testable" language "L" is one for which membership of a word "w" in "L" depends only on the prefix, suffix and the set of factors of "w" of length "k"; a language is "locally testable" if it is "k"-testable for some "k". A local language is 2-testable. Local language (formal language) In mathematics, a local language is a formal language for which membership of a word in the language can be determined by looking

title: Russian language in Israel

text: Russian language in Israel The Russian language in Israel is spoken natively by a large proportion of the population, reaching about 20 percent of the total population by 1989, mostly by immigrants who came from the former Soviet Union in the early 1990s and later years. It is a major foreign language in the country and is used in many aspects of life. Russian is by far the most used non-official native language in Israel. The government and businesses often provide information in Russian, and it is semi-official in some areas with high concentration of Russian Jewish immigrants. The Russian-speaking

title: Russian language in Israel

text: and 6 in 1996. Since the 2000s, the number of Russian-language newspapers started to decline due to the increasing number of television and online media. Israeli television provides daily translation in Hebrew, Arabic, and Russian. In 2002, the Israeli Russian-speaking commercial Channel 9 was launched. It is also known as Israel Plus. In November 2007, a typical digital package included 45 channels in foreign languages, with 5 in Russian. Today, there are four dailies, 11 weeklies, five monthlies and over 50 local newspapers published in Russian in Israel, with a total circulation of about 250,000 during weekends. Daily radio services

title: Arabic language in Israel

text: Katz, the transport minister, announced that signs on all major roads in Israel, East Jerusalem and possibly parts of the West Bank would be amended, replacing English and Arabic place names with straight transliterations of the Hebrew name. Currently most road signs are in all three languages. Nazareth, for example, would become "Natzrat". The Transport Ministry said signs would be replaced gradually as necessary due to wear and tear. This has been criticized as an attempt by the Israeli government to erase the Arabic language and Palestinian heritage in Israel. Arabic language in Israel The Arabic language in Israel is

title: Languages of Israel

text: Languages of Israel The Israeli population is a linguistically and culturally diverse community. The 19th edition of Ethnologue lists 35 languages and dialects spoken in local communities. Hebrew is the country's official language, and almost the entire population speaks it either as native speakers or proficiently as a second language. Its standard form, known as Modern Hebrew, is the main medium of life in Israel. Arabic, used mainly by Israel's Arab minority, which comprises about one-fifth of the population, has a special status under Israeli law. English, spoken as a second language by the majority of the Israeli population, is

title: Russian language in Israel

text: the 1970s in large cities. The number of students enrolled in these programs dropped in the 1980s as immigration from the Soviet Union slowed down. In the 1990s, a Russian-language program carried out by local governments called "Na'leh 16" included some 1,500 students. In 1997, about 120 schools in Israel taught Russian in one way or another. Traditionally, Russian speakers read newspapers and listen to radio more often than Hebrew speakers. "Nasha strana" was the major Russian-newspaper in Israel during the 1970s, when it competed with "Tribuna" for the immigrant reader. In 1989, there was only one daily in Russian,

title: Arabic language in Israel

text: Druze. Many first-generation Mizrahi Jews in Israel can still speak Judeo-Arabic languages, while their Israeli-born descendants have overwhelmingly adopted Hebrew as their first (or sole) language. Standard Arabic was co-official with Hebrew until 2018. Its status is currently that of an auxiliary language. According to , which was adopted on 19 July 2018, Arabic language is not an official languages in the State of Israel but has a special status and is used in official documents by law. Before the adoption on 19 July 2018 of the , the Arabic language was one of the two official languages in the

title: Russian language in Israel

text: Hebrew is the only official language of the State of Israel and Arabic has special status. Russian and a number of other immigrant languages are widely used in Israel, because ethnic Jews from dozens of countries from all around the world have settled in the area. Russian is the major immigrant language of Jews living in Israel. Since 1967, millions of Russian Jews have settled in the country, and a great influx of Jews from the post-Soviet states took place in the 1990s. Today, Russian is used in cultural events, the educational system and other public domains. By 1999, about

title: Arabic language in Israel

text: Arabic language in Israel The Arabic language in Israel is spoken natively by a large proportion of the population, reaching over 20 percent of the total population, mainly by the Arab citizens of Israel and among the Arabic-speaking Jews from the Arab world. Some refer to the modern Hebrew-influenced Levantine Arabic vernacular, spoken by many Israeli Arabs, as the "Israeli Arabic dialect". Among most Arabs the vernacular spoken is similar to Palestinian Arabic, while Bedouin traditionally speak their own dialect of Arabic. The Northern part of the country is more influenced with Lebanese Arabic (Central Northern Levantine Arabic), especially among

title: In What Language?

text: In What Language? In What Language? is a studio album by American jazz pianist Vijay Iyer recorded with hip-hop artist Mike Ladd. The album was released on via Pi Recordings label. Joe Tangari of "Piitchfork" mentioned "What might make "In What Language?" truly important, though, is that it's focused intently on probing social issues in meaningful ways. We've all spent time lately lamenting the fact that modern music is so apolitical, and this is a good start for an antidote. If it takes a poet and a jazz pianist to expose some truth in an age where the American dream

title: In What Language?

text: eyes, our bodies, our hearts, our minds." In What Language? In What Language? is a studio album by American jazz pianist Vijay Iyer recorded with hip-hop artist Mike Ladd. The album was released on via Pi Recordings label. Joe Tangari of "Piitchfork" mentioned "What might make "In What Language?" truly important, though, is that it's focused intently on probing social issues in meaningful ways. We've all spent time lately lamenting the fact that modern music is so apolitical, and this is a good start for an antidote. If it takes a poet and a jazz pianist to expose some truth

title: What Is Life

text: 16. It has since appeared on Newton-John compilation albums such as "" (1992) and "The Definitive Collection" (2002). In 1971, British easy listening pianist Ronnie Aldrich covered "What Is Life" (as well as "My Sweet Lord") on his album "Love Story". That same year, a version by the Ventures appeared on their "New Testament" album. Also in 1971, a Finnish-language version of the song, titled "Mikä Saa Ihmisen Elämään", was released as a single by local singer Oliver – better known as Veikko Laiho, of the Laiho Trio. In 1992, Nicola Sirkis covered the song on the album "Dans La

title: Female representation in local government in Israel

text: Female representation in local government in Israel According to the year 2015, women stand at the head of 7 out of 256 local authorities in Israel. Municipal elections in Israel are elections in which the residents of the cities and local councils in Israel vote for the chairman of the local authority (mayor or municipality chairman), as well as the city councils or the local councils. Since the foundation of the state of Israel in 1948 until 1978, when the municipal elections system has been reformed, residents would use one ballot to elect a political party. Once a coalition is

title: In What Language?

text: is being able to watch TV and play video games at the same time, so be it. We can only hope it inspires real discourse and real thought." Lyn Horton of All About Jazz noted "A concrete lesson seems to emanate from "In What Language?" and it is this: that no matter what language distinguishes the nature of the present global geo-political culture, the language spoken has a clear and consistent meaning borne in its content. The language transcends any dialect. And if we are determined enough, within our commonly shared humanity, we can speak the same language. In our

title: Local government in Israel

text: Local government in Israel The local governments of Israel (; also known as local authorities), are the set of bodies charged with providing services such as urban planning, zoning, and the provision of drinking water and emergency services, as well as education and culture, as per guidelines of the Interior Ministry for communities of all sizes in the country. Almost all local governments take one of three forms: city councils, which governs a large municipality, local councils, which governs a small municipality, and regional councils, which governs a group of communities, often but not necessarily of a rural nature. All

title: Local government in Israel

text: every area in which it has jurisdiction and has the power to enforce these laws as well as the laws and regulations applicable to its functions. Furthermore local authorities are allowed to levy local taxes and collect various payments for services and concessions. They prepare their own budgets, although these then must be approved by the Ministry of the Interior. Local government in Israel The local governments of Israel (; also known as local authorities), are the set of bodies charged with providing services such as urban planning, zoning, and the provision of drinking water and emergency services, as well

title: Al-Sayyid, Israel

text: "The New York Times", Margalit Fox, wrote a book about it, called "Talking Hands: What Sign Language Reveals About the Mind", published in 2007. Al-Sayyid, Israel Al-Sayyid or al-Sayed (; ) is a Bedouin village in Israel. Located in the Negev desert between Arad and Beersheba and just south of Hura, it falls under the jurisdiction of al-Kasom Regional Council. In the village's population was . The tribe's oral history tells that its first leader moved to the area from Egypt with his wife (of local origin) some time in the beginning of the 19th century. They settled amongst the

title: What Is History?

text: and were instead products of their own places and times, which in turn decided what "facts of the past" they determined into "facts of history". British historian Richard J. Evans said "What Is History?" caused a revolution in British historiography in the 1960s. Australian historian Keith Windschuttle, a critic of Carr, said "What Is History?" is one of the most influential books written about historiography, and that very few historians working in the English language since the 1960s had not read it. What Is History? What Is History? is a study that was written by the English historian E. H.

title: Local government in Israel

text: united in the framework of the "Centre for Local Government in Israel", founded in 1938, while regional councils are organised in a separate body. Local authorities are responsible for providing citizens, firms, and institutions within its jurisdiction with a number of services: Local councils in particular have an important role in ensuring the principles put forward in the Planning and Building Law, 5725-1965, are adhered to. The district planning commission is a joint state-local authority which approves detailed local plans and acts as a forum for handling appeals of decisions. The local council is also authorized to issue by-laws in

title: What Is the What

text: What Is the What What Is the What: The Autobiography of Valentino Achak Deng is a 2006 novel written by Dave Eggers. It is based on the life of Valentino Achak Deng, a Sudanese child refugee who immigrated to the United States under the Lost Boys of Sudan program. It was a finalist for the National Book Award. As a boy, Achak is separated from his family during the Second Sudanese Civil War when the Arab militia, referred to as "murahaleen" (which is Arabic for the deported), wipes out his Dinka village, Marial Bai. During the assault, he loses sight

title: What Is the What

text: That Happens Will Happen Today". Tom Tykwer plans to adapt the novel into a film. In 2009, the novel received the Prix Médicis étranger in France. What Is the What What Is the What: The Autobiography of Valentino Achak Deng is a 2006 novel written by Dave Eggers. It is based on the life of Valentino Achak Deng, a Sudanese child refugee who immigrated to the United States under the Lost Boys of Sudan program. It was a finalist for the National Book Award. As a boy, Achak is separated from his family during the Second Sudanese Civil War when

title: Arabic language in Israel

text: State of Israel, along with Modern Hebrew and is used in official documents by law. Modern Standard Arabic (also known as Standard Arabic or Literary Arabic), along with Modern Hebrew, is the second official language in Israel. Spoken Arabic dialects are spoken primarily by Arab citizens of Israel and Israeli Druze, as well as by some Mizrahi Jews (Yemenite Jews, Egyptian Jews, Syrian Jews, Iraqi Jews, Sephardic Jews (Moroccan Jews, Tunisian Jews, Libyan Jews, Algerian Jews, and French Jews), particularly those of the older generation who immigrated from Arabic-speaking countries. In 1949, 156,000 Palestinian Arabs were left inside Israel’s armistice

title: Cinema of Israel

text: Cinema of Israel Cinema of Israel ( "Kolnoa Yisraeli") refers to film production in Israel since its founding in 1948. Most Israeli films are produced in Hebrew. Israel has been nominated for more Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film than any other country in the Middle East. Movies were made in Mandatory Palestine from the beginning of the silent film era although the development of the local film industry accelerated after the establishment of the state. Early films were mainly documentary or news roundups, shown in Israeli cinemas before the movie started. In 1933, a children's book by Zvi

title: What Is Literature?

text: The art of writing is deeply linked to freedom and thus ventures into the fields of politics and democracy. The poet frees himself by disassociation, and the prose writer fulfills a duty to utilize language for the end of a conceived free society. What Is Literature? What Is Literature? (), also published as "Literature and Existentialism",) is an essay by French philosopher and novelist Jean-Paul Sartre, published by Gallimard in 1948. Initially published in freestanding essays across French literary journals "Les Temps modernes", "Situations I" and "Situations II", essays "What is Writing?" and "Why Write?" were translated into English and

title: Russian language in Israel

text: 5 to 10 percent of all jobs in Israel were held by Russian speakers. The Ministry of Transport published booklets and manuals in Russian. It is very likely to find Russian-speaking doctors at hospitals. Most Jewish immigrants from the Soviet Union were highly educated with almost 45 percent of them having some kind of higher education. Despite the fact that the native language of a significant part of the country's population is Russian, the language occupies a modest role in Israel's education system. Hebrew University started teaching Russian in 1962. In public schools, the first Russian-language classes were opened in

title: Hebrew language

text: became an official language in British-ruled Palestine in 1921 (along with English and Arabic), and then in 1948 became an official language of the newly declared State of Israel. Hebrew is the most widely spoken language in Israel today. In the Modern Period, from the 19th century onward, the literary Hebrew tradition revived as the spoken language of modern Israel, called variously "Israeli Hebrew", "Modern Israeli Hebrew", "Modern Hebrew", "New Hebrew", "Israeli Standard Hebrew", "Standard Hebrew", and so on. Israeli Hebrew exhibits some features of Sephardic Hebrew from its local Jerusalemite tradition but adapts it with numerous neologisms, borrowed terms

title: Languages of Israel

text: the 2000s, the number of Russian-language newspapers started to decline due to the increasing number of television and online media. Israeli television provides daily translation in Hebrew, Arabic, and Russian. In 2002, the Israeli Russian-speaking commercial Channel 9 was launched. It is also known as Israel Plus. In November 2007, a typical digital package included 45 channels in foreign languages, with 5 in Russian. At 2004 there were four dailies, 11 weeklies, five monthlies and over 50 local newspapers published in Russian in Israel, with a total circulation of about 250,000 during weekends. Daily radio services in Russian are also

title: Languages of Israel

text: news in Arabic existed on Arutz 1, news programmes appeared in Russian, Amharic and Tigrinya. Several newspapers and magazines were published in Russian and easy Hebrew with Niqqud. In the beginning of the twenty-first century, the first Russian-language TV channel was created. After Hebrew and Arabic, many other languages are used by large sectors of the Israeli population such as English, Russian, French and many others, including: Languages of Israel The Israeli population is a linguistically and culturally diverse community. The 19th edition of Ethnologue lists 35 languages and dialects spoken in local communities. Hebrew is the country's official language,

title: Timeline of the 2014 Israel–Gaza conflict

text: planned to enter Gaza under international supervision will fall into the hands of Hamas. Eshkol Regional Council Mayor: "We'll see what happens in the coming days, I don't think the cease-fire will last," Although Netanyahu standing that Israel would not accept any further rocket fire, and if the attacks resumed, Israel would react with even more force. On 1 September, it was reported by BBC that Israel intended to "expropriate 4 sq km (1.5 sq miles) of Palestinian land in the occupied West Bank". The military-run local administration said it was a response to the kidnapping and killing of three

title: Maronite Church in Israel

text: Lebanon, just 2,700 have remained in Israel. Over the years, many of them decided to return home to Lebanon, while others left for Europe and the US. The Maronite community in Israel is trying to revive the ancient Western Neo-Aramaic language, which used to be the "lingua franca" of the region after the spread of Christianity, and a common language within the Maronite community until the 16th century. The Maronite-majority town of Jish has recently initiated official teaching of neo-Aramaic language in a local school, with approval of the Israeli Ministry of Education. The Maronites in Israel and the Palestinian

title: What Is Art?

text: to justify their own tastes. Jahn notes the "often confusing use of categorisation" and the lack of definition of the key concept of emotion. Bayley writes that "the effectiveness of "What is Art?" lies not so much in its positive assertions as in its rejection of much that was taken for granted in the aesthetic theories of the time". Noyes criticises Tolstoy's dismissal of beauty, but states that, "despite its shortcomings", "What is Art?" "may be pronounced the most stimulating critical work of our time". Simmons mentions the "occasional brilliant passages" along with the "repetition, awkward language, and loose terminology".

title: What Is the What

text: writes: "Over the course of many years, Dave and I have collaborated to tell my story... I told [him] what I knew and what I could remember, and from that material he created this work of art." The book is typical of Eggers' style: blending non-fictional and fictional elements into a non-fiction novel or memoir. By classifying the book a novel, Eggers says, he freed himself to re-create conversations, streamline complex relationships, add relevant detail and manipulate time and space in helpful ways—all while maintaining the essential truthfulness of the storytelling. However, not all critics were impressed. Lee Siegel sees

title: Languages of Israel

text: Israel's governmental names' committee unanimously rejected that suggestion in 2011. Russian is by far the most widely spoken non-official language in Israel. Over 20% of Israelis are fluent in Russian after mass Jewish immigration from the USSR (Russian Jews in Israel) and its successor states in the 1970s, 1990s, and 2000s. The government and businesses often provide both written and verbal information in Russian. There is also an Israeli television broadcast channel in Russian. In addition, some Israeli schools also offer Russian language courses. The children of Russian immigrants to Israel generally pick up Hebrew as their dominant language, but

title: Russian language in Israel

text: neighborhoods in southern Ashdod, where immigrants account for 75 percent of the population of 26,000, were dubbed "Israel's Russian ghetto". The process of integration into mainstream Israeli society is slow, because many Russian-speaking adults prefer to not learn Hebrew and are reluctant to give up their Russian cultural background. Language professors Elana Shohamy and Bernard Spolsky attributed this to a "strong loyalty to their ethnic language". Hayim Gordon describes the situation in his 2007 book "Israel today": Today, Russian is in a much better position than Arabic, which has a special official status in the country. The Russian-speaking adult population,

title: Association of Academies of the Spanish Language

text: the government of Israel for recognition. The National Academia of Judaeo-Spanish in Israel will then have the ability to petition to join as a full member, likely in 2019. There are no plans for Belize, Gibraltar, or Andorra to have their own academies, despite each having a majority Spanish-speaking population either as a first or second language. There is also a substantial Spanish population in Brazil and Western Sahara. Association of Academies of the Spanish Language The Association of Academies of the Spanish Language (, ASALE) is an entity whose end is to work for the unity, integrity, and growth

title: Languages of Israel

text: The number of students enrolled in these programs dropped in the 1980s as immigration from the Soviet Union slowed down. In the 1990s, a Russian-language program carried out by local governments called "Na'leh 16" included some 1,500 students. In 1997, about 120 schools in Israel taught Russian in one way or another. Traditionally, Russian speakers read newspapers and listen to radio more often than Hebrew speakers. "Nasha strana" was the major Russian-newspaper in Israel during the 1970s, when it competed with "Tribuna" for the immigrant reader. In 1989, there was only one daily in Russian, and 6 in 1996. Since

title: Israel lobby in the United States

text: now as the fourth most powerful country in the world, the perceived threat to Israel is not military defeat, it is annihilation. At the same time, American Jews are frightened of what might happen in the United States if they do not have political power. The formal component of the Israel lobby consists of organized lobby groups, political action committees (PACs), think tanks and media watchdog groups. The Center for Responsive Politics, which tracks all lobbies and PACs, describes the 'background' of those 'Pro-Israel' as, "A nationwide network of local political action committees, generally named after the region their donors

title: Israel College of the Bible

text: Media Director at Israel College of the Bible, claimed that, "The single best and most important way to support Israel is by sharing Yeshua with Israeli Jews and Arabs – and that is what we at oneforisrael.org are all about: Israeli Jews who share the gospel with our own brothers and sisters in a relevant way via media". Regular excursions exploring Biblical Archaeology, Geography of the Bible, Cultural and Historical Background of the New Testament, and History and Theology of Modern Israel are scheduled for the students around the country of Israel as part of their studies and recreation. Additionally,

title: Languages of Israel

text: 2%, 1.6% Spanish, and 10% other languages (including Romanian, German and Amharic, which were not offered as answers by the survey). This study also noted that 90% of Jews and over 60% of Arabs have a good understanding of Hebrew. Several laws determine the official status of languages and language policy in Israel. This confusing situation has led to several appeals to the Supreme Court, whose rulings have enforced the current policies of national and local authorities. On 19 July 2018, the Knesset passed a basic law under the title , which defines Hebrew as "the State's language" and Arabic

title: Academic boycott of Israel

text: statement that called instead for a boycott "aimed at academic institutions and the institutional connections that exist between universities here and those in Israel". Tyler Shipley, spokesperson for CUPE local 3903 at York University, told the Toronto Star that his group will begin to advocate for York to sever financial ties to Israel. Some observers have questioned what practical effect any CUPE resolution will have since the 20,000 university workers represented by CUPE Ontario include campus staff but almost no full-time faculty. The University of Western Sydney's Student Association (UWSSA) formally affiliated to the "Academic and Cultural Boycott of Israel"

title: Community settlement (Israel)

text: municipalities. Instead, the residents' cooperative is recognized by the state of Israel as a local committee. Several such local committees can, for example, form together a regional council, which is one of the three types of local government in Israel. In practice, the regional council often has more impact on the resident's life than the cooperative of their own settlement: It is the regional council which will normally run schools, build roads, collect property taxes, and even run its own screening process. As explained above, what really sets apart a "community settlement" from an ordinary village is its ability to

title: National language

text: languages, making it the second most linguistically diverse country after Papua New Guinea. These 700+ languages, however, are without official status, and some are in danger of extinction. The largest local language is Javanese. Persian (or Farsi) is recognised as the national language of Iran. Irish is recognised by the Constitution of Ireland as the national language and first official language of Ireland, and the English language is recognised as a second official language. Hebrew became the only official and national language of Israel with the adoption of the Nation-State Bill in 2018. Arabic, formerly also an official language, became

text: people. 2 — Symbols of the State A. The name of the state is “Israel.” B. The state flag is white with two blue stripes near the edges and a blue Star of David in the center. C. The state emblem is a seven-branched menorah with olive leaves on both sides and the word “Israel” beneath it. D. The state anthem is “Hatikvah.” E. Details regarding state symbols will be determined by the law. 3 — Capital of the State Jerusalem, complete and united, is the capital of Israel. 4 — Language A. The state’s language is Hebrew. B. The

title: What The Fuck France?

text: created What the Fuck France. In 2018 he followed the program with a documentary entitled Stereotrip. The videos take a tongue-in-cheek look at quintessential parts of French culture. Telerama deemed the series "excellent". The Local reported that some viewers deemed the series lighthearted humour, while others thought it was French bashing. What The Fuck France? What The Fuck France (aka What's Up France) is a Franglais YouTube channel created by Paul Taylor, in which he comments on French culture and language. Paul Taylor has Anglo-Irish ancestry, and spends his time between England, France, Quebec and Spain. Prior to creating the

title: The World Is What It Is

text: The World Is What It Is The World Is What It Is: The Authorized Biography of V. S. Naipaul is a biography of the Nobel Prize-winning author V. S. Naipaul by Patrick French. It was published in 2008 (by Picador in the UK and Knopf in the USA). The title is a quotation from Naipaul's book "A Bend in the River". "The world is what it is; men who are nothing, who allow themselves to become nothing, have no place in it." French deals with Naipaul's family background and his life from his birth in 1932 until his second marriage

title: Romanian Jews in Israel

text: left in Romania, half of whom were over 65 years old. Romanian Jews in Israel have strong relations with Romanian culture. Moreover, there is an intense activity among writers of Romanian language. In Israel exist 11 associations of writers in foreign languages, including the Association of Israeli Writers of Romanian Language (). Likewise, there are publications in Romanian languages, weekly, monthly or quarterly, plus several local issues. Romania has an embassy in Tel Aviv, three honorary consulates in Jerusalem, Beersheba and Haifa and a cultural institute in Tel Aviv. This is a highly incomplete list of Israeli people of Romanian

title: Revival of the Hebrew language

text: to use Hebrew as a lingua franca, the historical linguistic common denominator of all the Jewish groups. At the same time, a parallel development in Europe changed Hebrew from primarily a sacred liturgical language into a literary language which played a key role in the development of nationalist educational programs. Modern Hebrew was one of three official languages of Mandatory Palestine, and after the Israeli Declaration of Independence in 1948, one of two official languages of Israel, along with Modern Arabic. In July 2018, a made Hebrew the sole official language of the state of Israel, with Arabic having "special

title: What U See Is What U Get

text: briefly performs in a local concert and even finds a dropped one hundred-dollar bill. However, he also crosses paths with various chaotic incidents including a carjacking, bombing, shooting, and store looting; all of which he walks past unshaken. In the end, Xzibit is able to pick up the milk and make his way home, only to be told that they also needed hot sauce and asked to go back out again. The video closes with a dedication to then-recently-deceased music video director Michael Lucero. Lucero's production company, What You See Is What You Get(?UC-IS-?U-GET) had produced and Lucero had directed

title: Russian language in Israel

text: which is less competitive in Hebrew than the youth, mostly tries to preserve the common Russian cultural background, teaching it to their children born in Israel. However, according to Shohamy and Spolsky, second generation Israelis of Russian origin "do not receive a formal education in Russian" and, as a result, "language attrition is rapid". Political scientist Ze'ev Khanin opined, "The Russian-speaking community is identifiable, but it is part of the Israeli collective. The second generation is much more influenced by its Israeli experience than its Soviet past." In 2001, camp counselors in Ashdod volunteered to help youths accommodate to Israeli

title: National Library of Israel

text: 2014, the project for a new home of the Library in Jerusalem was unveiled. The 34,000 square meters building, designed by the Swiss architecture firm Herzog & de Meuron, is scheduled for full completion in 2021. The library's mission is to secure copies of all material published in Israel, in any language; all publications on the subject of Israel, the Land of Israel, Judaism and the Jewish people, published in any language, in any country in the world; and all material published in Hebrew or any of the languages spoken in the Jewish Diaspora (such as Yiddish and Ladino). By

title: History of the Spanish language

text: its Jewish population. Their Judaeo-Spanish language, called Ladino, developed along its own lines and continues to be spoken by a dwindling number of speakers, mainly in Israel, Turkey, and Greece. In the Marianas, the Spanish language was retained until the Pacific War, but is no longer spoken there by any significant number of people. Language politics in Francoist Spain declared Spanish as the only official language in Spain, and to this day it is the most widely used language in government, business, public education, the workplace, cultural arts, and the media. But in the 1960s and 1970s, the Spanish parliament

title: What Is to Be Done? (Tolstoy)

text: What Is to Be Done? (Tolstoy) What Is To Be Done? (sometimes translated as What Then Must We Do?) is a non-fiction work by Leo Tolstoy, in which Tolstoy describes the social conditions of Russia in his day. Tolstoy completed the book in 1886, and the first English language publication came in 1887 as What To Do?. A revised translation with the current title was published in 1899. The English title was also used for two better-known works by Nikolai Chernyshevsky and Vladimir Lenin; Tolstoy's Russian title is similar but not identical to Chernyshevsky's (and Lenin's), both of them sharing

title: The Case for Israel

text: The Case for Israel The Case for Israel is a 2003 book by Alan Dershowitz, a law professor at Harvard University. The work is a response to common criticisms of Israel. "The Case for Israel" was a "New York Times" bestseller. The book is divided into several chapters, each of which addresses what Dershowitz identifies as being particularly strong accusations and myths about Israel, such as "Israel is the 'prime' human rights violator in the world" and "Israel is the cause of the Arab–Israeli conflict." Each chapter is divided into several sections. "The Accusation" states a common criticism of Israel,

title: Israel College of the Bible

text: heritage, but claims to be "very inclusive, and live very harmoniously with our Arab brothers and sisters and our Gentile brothers and sisters". The primary language of the college is Hebrew, with some courses also taught in Russian and English. The teaching staff are all Israeli, including both Jewish and Arab, and the students also come from different ethnic and cultural backgrounds from within Israel. Additionally there are international students each year from countries around the world. Israel College of the Bible faculty expertise is primarily in the areas of Bible and Theology, Jewish studies, Biblical Geography and Culture, Archaeology,

title: The Local

text: which went into administration at the end of 2009. In early 2018, "The Local" reported its intention to create a paywall for much of its content. The Local The Local is a multi regional, European, English-language digital news publisher with local editions in: Each site, while alike in appearance, has separate editorial teams, each focused on its respective market. Coverage is purely domestic in each country, and includes current events, politics, business, sports and culture, as well as analysis and opinion. <br>The parent company The Local Europe AB also owns English-language discussion forums in Germany (Toytown Germany) and Switzerland (English

title: Demographics of Israel

text: workers include the Chinese, Thai, Filipinos, Nigerians, Romanians, and Latin Americans. Approximately 100–200 refugees from Bosnia, Kosovo, Iraqi Kurdistan, and North Korea were absorbed in Israel as refugees. Most of them were also given Israeli resident status, and currently reside in Israel. As of 2006, some 200 ethnic Kurdish refugees from Turkey resided in Israel as illegal immigrants, fleeing the Turkey-PKK conflict. Due to its immigrant nature, Israel is one of the most multicultural and multilingual societies in the world. Hebrew is the official language of the country, and Arabic is given special status, while English and Russian are the

title: Aramaic language

text: number of Semitic peoples from the Near East. Historically, Aramaic was the language of the Arameans, a Semitic-speaking people of the region around between the northern Levant and the northern Euphrates valley. By around 1000 BC, the Arameans had a string of kingdoms in what is now part of western Syria. Aramaic rose to prominence under the Neo-Assyrian Empire (911–605 BC), under whose influence Aramaic became a prestige language, and its use spread throughout most of Mesopotamia and the Levant. At its height, variants of Aramaic were spoken all over in what is today Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, Israel, Jordan, Palestine,

title: What Is to Be Done? (Tolstoy)

text: the same Biblical reference (Luke 3:10–14). What Is to Be Done? (Tolstoy) What Is To Be Done? (sometimes translated as What Then Must We Do?) is a non-fiction work by Leo Tolstoy, in which Tolstoy describes the social conditions of Russia in his day. Tolstoy completed the book in 1886, and the first English language publication came in 1887 as What To Do?. A revised translation with the current title was published in 1899. The English title was also used for two better-known works by Nikolai Chernyshevsky and Vladimir Lenin; Tolstoy's Russian title is similar but not identical to Chernyshevsky's

title: What? Where? When?

text: Russia and Azerbaijan. The 2010 championship took place in Israel with sponsorship of Euro-Asian Jewish Congress. These competitions rely on logic rather than knowledge too, but usually require more erudition than the TV versions due to high educational level of gamers. What? Where? When? What? Where? When? (, translit. "Chto? Gde? Kogda?") is an intellectual game show well known in Russian-language media and other CIS states since the mid-1970s. Today it is produced for television by TV Igra on the Russian Channel One and also exists as a competitive game played in clubs organized by the World Association of Clubs.

title: Israel College of the Bible

text: ICB Tours has been developed to provide study tours for Christians wanting to visit Israel in the context of academic Bible study. Tours are led by "professional, Messianic guides". The college partners with local authorities in distributing food to the poor and elderly in the city. Messianic Judaism is typically seen negatively, and even as a threat, within Israel. The leading anti-missionary organisation, Yad L'Achim, declared the college to be at the "forefront of missionary activity in Israel". Rabbi Tzvi Wilhelm, rabbi of the Chabad synagogue north of Netanya, objected to teaching about Jesus, who broke away from many Jewish

title: Languages of Israel

text: the birthplace of the speaker or the speaker's ancestors: those who are born to American-descended parentages are more likely to speak American English as their preferred dialect of the language, Western Continental European descendants are more likely to speak with accents heavily influenced by languages such as French, German and Yiddish, and so on. A distinctively Israeli dialect of the language has been slow in development due to continued migration to Israel, large established communities of persistent speakers of languages and dialects from outside of Israel, and the state's focus upon education in Hebrew; the development of English in Israel

title: The World Is What It Is

text: in 1996. The biography has been extensively reviewed: the reviewers include Paul Theroux, who wrote an earlier book about Naipaul. The biography was selected by the editors of the "New York Times Book Review" as one of the "Times"' "10 Best Books of 2008". It won the 2008 National Book Critics Circle Award in Biography, and the British literary award the Hawthornden Prize. The World Is What It Is The World Is What It Is: The Authorized Biography of V. S. Naipaul is a biography of the Nobel Prize-winning author V. S. Naipaul by Patrick French. It was published in

title: Languages of Israel

text: making it an "official secondary language". That bill did not pass. In 2009, Israel Katz, the transport minister, suggested that signs on all major roads in Israel, East Jerusalem and possibly parts of the West Bank would be amended, replacing English and Arabic place names with straight transliterations of the Hebrew name. Currently most road signs are in all three languages. Nazareth, for example, would become "Natzeret". The Transport Ministry said signs would be replaced gradually as necessary due to wear and tear. This has been criticized as an attempt to erase the Arabic language and Palestinian heritage in Israel.

title: The Local

text: The Local The Local is a multi regional, European, English-language digital news publisher with local editions in: Each site, while alike in appearance, has separate editorial teams, each focused on its respective market. Coverage is purely domestic in each country, and includes current events, politics, business, sports and culture, as well as analysis and opinion. <br>The parent company The Local Europe AB also owns English-language discussion forums in Germany (Toytown Germany) and Switzerland (English Forum). The original Swedish edition began in 2004 as a weekly email newsletter. The German edition was launched in 2008 and Swiss edition in 2011. In

title: Languages of Israel

text: also regard a high level of English as a prerequisite for admission. Exposure to American culture has been massive in Israel since the early 1990s, and in Israel, foreign language television shows are generally presented in the original language with Hebrew subtitles rather than dubbed, which means that there is a high level of exposure to English in the media. Most Israelis can converse in and read English on at least a basic level, and secular Israelis who are of a high social and economic status usually possess greater capabilities in English than those who are of a lower social

title: Languages of Israel

text: Haredi communities worldwide, and is sometimes the first language for the members of the Hasidic branches of such communities. Today, Hebrew is the official language used in government, commerce, court sessions, schools, and universities. It is the language most commonly used in everyday life in Israel. Native Hebrew speakers comprise about 53% of the population. The vast majority of the rest speak Hebrew fluently as a second language. Native-born Israeli Jews are typically native speakers of Hebrew, but a significant minority of Israelis are immigrants who learned Hebrew as a second language. Immigrants who come under the Law of Return

title: Language revitalization

text: Spanish has also seen a small revival of interest in media thanks to the importing of telenovelas and music from Latin America. Hebrew, once largely a liturgical language, was reestablished as a means of everyday communication by Jews migrating to what is now the State of Israel and the Palestinian territories, starting in the nineteenth century: it is the world's most famous and successful example of language revitalization. In Thailand, there exists a Chong language revitalization project which is headed by Suwilai Premsrirat. The European colonization of Australia, and the consequent damage sustained by Aboriginal communities, had a catastrophic effect

title: What Is the What

text: "we really hadn’t decided whether I was just helping Valentino write his own book, or if I was writing a book about him." Valentino points out that, "I thought I might want to write my own book, but I learned that I was not ready to do this. I was still taking classes in basic writing at Georgia Perimeter College." Dave Eggers discusses the difficulties in writing a book of this nature: "For a long while there, we continued doing interviews, and I gathered the material. But all along, I really didn’t know exactly what form it would finally take—whether

title: The Institute for the Advancement of Deaf Persons in Israel

text: The Institute for the Advancement of Deaf Persons in Israel The Institute for the Advancement of Deaf Persons in Israel ("Hebrew": המכון לקידום החרש בישראל, "Arabic": معهد النهوض بالصم في اسرائيل) was founded in 1993 to provide services and programming to the Israeli deaf community. This includes employment assistance, creation of an electronic Israeli Sign Language dictionary, and organization of a national Deaf Day in 2009 to increase public awareness about the Israeli deaf community and Israeli Sign Language. The Institute is also the coordinator for government-provided interpreting services to deaf Israelis, including providing ISL interpreters, note takers, technology lending,

title: Charter of the French Language

text: to this Act", the local indigenous language is still subject to it off-reserve. For example, the local indigenous language is not exempted from the application of Article 58, whereby "public signs, advertising and posters must be in French", and may be in the local indigenous language "provided that French is markedly predominant". Though Article 58 does allow the provincial government to "determine by regulation the places, cases, conditions or circumstances ... where French need not be predominant or where such signs, posters and advertising may be in another language only", it imposes no obligation on the government to exempt the

title: Israel Jacob Kligler

text: of the local academia. As of 2012, The Times of Israel newspaper concluded that only "two Kligler loyalists are waging a lonely battle to restore him to what they see as his rightful place in the history of Israel and of the fight against malaria." These are named as the retired Israeli scientist Zalman Greenberg, former director of the Health Ministry’s Public Health Laboratory in Jerusalem, and the retired London lawyer Anton Alexander. The former is an experienced researcher and author on the topic of medical history in Mandate Palestine and Israel, while the latter has been very active outside

title: Here Is What Is

text: Here Is What Is Here Is What Is is the fifth studio album by Canadian songwriter and record producer Daniel Lanois. It was first released in December 2007 as a high-quality download, and later released on CD on March 18, 2008. The album is the result of the same project that led to the 2007 documentary "Here Is What Is" that premiered at the 2007 Toronto International Film Festival in September. The movie documents the aesthetics and creative process behind Lanois' approach to music making and recording. The album has been presented as a direct soundtrack to this film, and

title: French Jews in Israel

text: increasing antisemitism, in which many Jews have been harassed and attacked by a fusillade of local thugs and gangs, a stagnant European economy and concomitant high youth unemployment rates. During the first few months of 2014, The Jewish Agency of Israel has continued to encourage an increase of French aliyah through aliyah fairs, Hebrew-language courses, sessions which assist in potential olim to find jobs in Israel, and immigrant absorption in Israel. A May 2014 survey revealed that 74 percent of French Jews consider leaving France for Israel where of the 74 percent, 29.9 percent cited anti-Semitism. Another 24.4 cited their

title: Arab citizens of Israel

text: residents many of whom are not citizens – was 1,413,500 people, about 20% of Israel's population. According to the Israel Central Bureau of Statistics (May 2003), Muslims, including Bedouins, make up 82% of the entire Arab population in Israel, along with around 9% Druze, and 9% Christians. Projections based on 2010 data, predicted that Arab Israelis will constitute 25% of Israel's population by 2025. The national language and mother tongue of Arab citizens, including the Druze, is Arabic and the colloquial spoken language is of the Palestinian Arabic dialect. Knowledge and command of Modern Standard Arabic varies. Traditionally settled communities

title: Ethiopian Jews in Israel

text: minister of Israel, this represents an important milestone in fighting racism and prejudice. The main language used for communication among Israeli citizens and amongst the Ethiopian Beta Israel in Israel is Modern Hebrew. The majority of the Beta Israel immigrants continue to speak in Amharic (primarily) and Tigrinya at home with their family members and friends. The Amharic language and the Tigrinya language are written in the Ge'ez script, originally developed for the Ge'ez language used in Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church. Although some non-Jewish Ethiopians expressed bitterness towards the Beta Israel emigration out of Ethiopia, the Ethiopian Jews have close

title: Men of Israel

text: movement has nothing to do with them, that the shooting of gay youths in Tel Aviv has nothing to do with them. What reason is there to be in the closet in Israel in 2009? It's embarrassing." Max Blumenthal, the Jewish American author of "Goliath: Life and Loathing in Greater Israel", points out that the film was shot in "a Palestinian village that was ethnically cleansed by Zionist militias in 1948." Nadia Awad, a Palestinian American film maker, referred to this as "desecration porn". Men of Israel Men of Israel is a 2009 gay pornographic film released by Lucas Entertainment

title: Boycotts of Israel

text: Israeli government that its conduct and policies are unacceptable and to impose a total arms ban on Israel." Norman Finkelstein, writing in 2006, said he supports a "US academic boycott of Israel". and an "economic boycott of Israel" In February 2012, Finkelstein "launched a blistering attack" of the BDS movement during an interview, saying it was a "hypocritical, dishonest cult" that tries to cleverly pose as human rights activists while in reality their goal is to destroy Israel. In addition, he said: "I'm getting a little bit exasperated with what I think is a whole lot of nonsense. I'm not

title: Israel

text: English was an official language during the Mandate period; it lost this status after the establishment of Israel, but retains a role comparable to that of an official language, as may be seen in road signs and official documents. Many Israelis communicate reasonably well in English, as many television programs are broadcast in English with subtitles and the language is taught from the early grades in elementary school. In addition, Israeli universities offer courses in the English language on various subjects. Israel comprises a major part of the Holy Land, a region of significant importance to all Abrahamic religions –

title: Society for the Protection of Nature in Israel

text: study. SPNI's Field School system combines three main areas of activity: education – teaching youth and adults about the region; conservation – protecting the region’s natural environment; and research – gathering information about the region in conjunction with SPNI’s various departments. Field Schools are an integral part of SPNI’s operations, a focal area for local eco-activities, and play a leading role in Israeli environmental tourism and education. English-language tours are offered by the Jerusalem Bird Observatory. The ITC marked and actively maintains 10,000 kilometers paths, 950 kilometers of which represents the Israel National Trail. A few full-time SPNI employees out

title: Public diplomacy of Israel

text: Public diplomacy of Israel Public diplomacy in Israel (also hasbara, "hasbará", "explaining") refers to public-relations efforts to disseminate, abroad, positive information about the State of Israel and its actions. The term is used by the Israeli government and its supporters to describe efforts to explain government policies and promote Israel in the face of negative press, and to counter what they see as attempts at delegitimisation of Israel. "Hasbara" means "explanation", and is also a euphemism for propaganda. While "hasbara" literally means "explanation", its exact import in its current usage is debated. Gideon Meir has said that there is no

text: the political parties in Israel strive to secure seats for women in municipal elections. Meretz party, for example, secures 40% of the list of contenders to municipal council for women. Consequently, women in Meretz have achieved a 37% female representation of the total number of women in city and town councils. In addition, WEPOWER ("Ken"), an Israeli NGO that was formed in 2000, proactively promotes women's leadership to the highest levels of decision-making and elected position. Many of today's female MKs, mayors and council members are alumni of the WEPOWER training programs. Female representation in local government in Israel According

title: Hebrew language

text: has been proposed for the land of Israel. Hebrew functioned as the local mother tongue with powerful ties to Israel's history, origins, and golden age and as the language of Israel's religion; Aramaic functioned as the international language with the rest of the Middle East; and eventually Greek functioned as another international language with the eastern areas of the Roman Empire. According to another summary, Greek was the language of government, Hebrew the language of prayer, study and religious texts, and Aramaic was the language of legal contracts and trade. There was also a geographic pattern: according to Spolsky, by

title: Israel lobby in the United States

text: it is used, Megaphone is effectively a high-tech exercise in ballot-stuffing. We're calling it lobbyware ." There are a number of organizations that focus on what could be called "pro-Israel activism" on college campuses. With the outbreak of the Al-Aqsa Intifada in 2001, these groups have been increasingly visible. In 2002, an umbrella organization, that includes many of these groups, known as the Israel on Campus Coalition was formed as a result of what they felt were "the worrisome rise in anti-Israel activities on college campuses across North America". The mission of the Israel on Campus Coalition is to "foster

text: killed in the battle, in what local medical authorities, along with Palestinian Authority President Mahmoud Abbas, called a massacre. The IDF stated that Shuja'iyya had been the site of 8% of the rocket launches since 8 July, and that residents had been warned to leave two days earlier. Hamas requested via the Red Crescent a humanitarian ceasefire for the Shuja'iyya neighborhood to allow the evacuation of wounded from the area. The IDF agreed, and the ceasefire began at 13:30; however, only an hour into the truce, IDF troops came under fire and responded. Despite the issues during the ceasefire, Israel

title: Somewhere Over the Rainbow/What a Wonderful World

text: Somewhere Over the Rainbow/What a Wonderful World "Somewhere Over the Rainbow/What a Wonderful World" (also known as "Over the Rainbow/What a Wonderful World") is a medley of the songs "Over the Rainbow" and "What a Wonderful World", by Israel Kamakawiwoʻole and released on his albums "Ka ʻAnoʻi" and "Facing Future". The song was originally recorded in a spur-of-the-moment demo session in 1988. Israel called the recording studio at 3am, and was given 15 minutes to arrive by recording engineer Milan Bertosa. Bertosa is quoted as saying ″And in walks the largest human being I had seen in my life. Israel

title: Languages of Israel

text: to regain much of its lost status. Today, English is the primary language for international relations and foreign exchange, but it is not sanctioned for use in Knesset debates or in drafting legislation. Some British Mandate laws are still formulated in English, and the process of their translation into Hebrew has been gradual. English is required as a second language in schools and universities, for both Hebrew and Arabic-speaking students. Despite the country's history of British mandatory rule, written English in Israel today uses primarily American spelling and grammar. The usage of the language is influenced by factors related to

title: Public diplomacy of Israel

text: "real, precise" translation of the word "hasbara" in English or any other language, and has characterized it as public diplomacy, an action undertaken by all governments around the world with the growing importance of what Harvard professor Joseph Nye termed soft power. Gary Rosenblatt describes it as "advocacy". Individuals who engage in the practise have been called "hasbarists". "Hasbara" has been described as "pro-Israel propaganda," and "the new user-friendly term for Israeli propaganda" but while "propaganda strives to highlight the positive aspects of one side of a conflict, "hasbara" seeks to explain actions, whether or not they are justified." Historian

title: Israel Project

text: send letters to TIP asking them to "remove pro-settlement fear-mongering talking points from The Israel Project's materials". An op-ed by Matthew Duss, a National Security reporter of the ThinkProgress blog, in "The Jewish Daily Forward" said several groups, including the Israel Project, "seem to exist for no other reason than to spotlight the very worst aspects of Muslim societies." A participant in a 2007 focus group commissioned by TIP reported that she had been "called in for what seemed an unusual assignment: to help test-market language that could be used to sell military action against Iran to the American public".

text: and other support services for deaf university students. These services are handled through the Institute's Sela Center. The Institute also organizes an annual Student Day (יום הסטודנטים) for deaf and hard-of-hearing university students throughout Israel. In addition, the Institute also works with Arab-Israeli deaf communities in Israel, providing Arabic-language materials and professional training to deaf Arab-Israelis and the professionals who work with them, as well as works in conjunction with deaf communities outside of Israel. The Institute for the Advancement of Deaf Persons in Israel The Institute for the Advancement of Deaf Persons in Israel ("Hebrew": המכון לקידום החרש בישראל,