query: what is latin america spanish?

title: Latin America

text: Latin America. Latin America La |image = Latin America (orthographic projection).svg Others:<br>Quechua, Mayan languages, Guaraní, Aymara, Nahuatl, Italian, German, English, Dutch, Polish, Ukrainian, Welsh, Yiddish, Chinese, Japanese Latin America is a group of countries and dependencies in the Western Hemisphere where Romance languages such as Spanish, French and Portuguese are predominantly spoken; it is broader than the terms Ibero-America or Hispanic America. The term "Latin America" was first used in an 1856 conference with the title "Initiative of the America. Idea for a Federal Congress of Republics" (Iniciativa de la América. Idea de un Congreso Federal de las Repúblicas), by

title: Latin America

text: Latin America La |image = Latin America (orthographic projection).svg Others:<br>Quechua, Mayan languages, Guaraní, Aymara, Nahuatl, Italian, German, English, Dutch, Polish, Ukrainian, Welsh, Yiddish, Chinese, Japanese Latin America is a group of countries and dependencies in the Western Hemisphere where Romance languages such as Spanish, French and Portuguese are predominantly spoken; it is broader than the terms Ibero-America or Hispanic America. The term "Latin America" was first used in an 1856 conference with the title "Initiative of the America. Idea for a Federal Congress of Republics" (Iniciativa de la América. Idea de un Congreso Federal de las Repúblicas), by the Chilean

title: Nick Jr. (Latin America)

text: preschoolers in Spanish. It was called Nick Jr. Nick Jr. (Latin America) Nick Jr. is a cable television channel in Latin America owned by Viacom subsidiary Viacom International Media Networks The Americas and aimed. Currently, the Nick Jr. channel features the same programming as the Nick Jr. block on Nickelodeon, as well as some shows previously seen on the block Team Umizoomi and Bubble Guppies. Nick Jr. Latin America was originally a block on Nickelodeon Latin America, lasting from 2001 to 2007. Like the American version, Nick Jr's mascot was Cara instead of Face (Cara is Portuguese/Spanish word for Face).

title: Italy–Latin America Conference

text: of America, namely French, Spanish and Portuguese (see "Latin America § Etymology and definitions"). Italy–Latin America Conference The Italy-Latin America Conference or Italo-Latin America Conference, formally the Italy-Latin America and Caribbean Conference, is an inter-governmental forum for encounter between Italy and the countries of Latin America. A biennial summit is organised in Italy by the "Italo-Latin American Institute" located in Rome, with many initiatives marking the "preparatory path". The institute's aims are to develop and coordinate research and documentation regarding the problems, achievements and prospects of its Member Countries in cultural, scientific, economic, technical and social contexts. The conferences are

title: Nickelodeon (Latin America)

text: was June 1, 2011, all over Latin America. The channel is available in Portuguese (for Brazil), Spanish and English (SAP). Nick Jr. is a cable television channel in Latin America owned by Viacom subsidiary MTV Networks Latin America and aimed. At first, it was a block from 1997 to 2007. In 2008, it became a 24-hour channel. In January 29, 2013, it was announced that a Nicktoons channel would launch in Mexico. It started airing on February 4, 2013, on television providers Cablevisión, Megacable and Cablecom. Nick 2 (Latin America) is a commercial-free secondary channel of Nickelodeon. It replaced Nick

title: Latin America

text: politician Francisco Bilbao. The term was used by Napoleon III's French government in the 1860s as "Amérique latine" to consider French-speaking territories in the Americas, (French Canadians, French Louisiana, French Guiana, Haiti, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Saint Martin, Saint Barthélemy) along with the larger group of countries where Spanish and Portuguese languages prevailed, including the Spanish-speaking portions of the United States (Southwestern United States and Florida) Today, areas of Canada and the United States (with the exception of Puerto Rico) where Spanish, Portuguese and French are predominant are typically not included in definitions of Latin America. Latin America consists of 13 dependencies

title: Latin America

text: McNeill wrote that: Thomas C. Wright, meanwhile, has written that: Spanish and Portuguese are the predominant languages of Latin America. Spanish is spoken as first language by about 60% of the population, Portuguese is spoken by about 34% of the population and about 6% of the population speak other languages such as Quechua, Mayan languages, Guaraní, Aymara, Nahuatl, English, French, Dutch and Italian. Portuguese is spoken only in Brazil (Brazilian Portuguese), the biggest and most populous country in the region. Spanish is the official language of most of the rest of the countries and territories on the Latin American mainland

title: Slavery in Latin America

text: Slavery in Latin America Slavery in Latin America was practiced in precolonial times. During the Atlantic slave trade, Latin America was the main destination of millions of African people transported from Africa to French, Portuguese, and Spanish colonies. Slavery was a cornerstone of the Spanish Casta system, and its legacy is the presence of large Afro-Latino populations. After the gradual emancipation of most black slaves, slavery continued along the Pacific coast of South America throughout the 19th century, as Peruvian slave traders kidnapped Polynesians, primarily from the Marquesas Islands and Easter Island and forced them to perform physical labour in

title: FX (Latin America)

text:
FX Latin America from 2005 to 2007. In July 2007, FOX's adult animation block, "No Molestar!", in Spanish or "Não Perturbe!", in Portuguese (literal: ""Do Not Disturb!""), was extended to FX, featuring series as "Family Guy", "American Dad!", "God, The Devil and Bob" and "The Wrong Coast", all previously seen on the FOX block. From 2012, FX Latin America will air in HD across the continent Primetime
 Sports / Sports Entertainment
 Animation
 Daytime
 Speed Channel Block
 Late Nite (Rated TV-MA) FX (Latin America) FX is a cable television channel and is the Latin American version

title: Austrian Latin America Institute

text: Latin-American Studies" ("Interdisziplinärer Universitätslehrgang für Höhere Lateinamerika-Studien") in cooperation with the University of Vienna. This is the only "university level" course about Latin America in Austria. The degree is Master of Arts in Latin American studies. The Austrian Latin America Institute has the only library and documentation centre in Austria specializing in Latin America. The collection focuses on specialist books and journals on economy, politics, history, culture, society and ecology of the Latin American countries. Furthermore, it has literary works by Latin American authors in Spanish and Portuguese and their translations. The library represents Austria in REDIAL. The Austrian Latin

title: Austrian Latin America Institute

text: America Institute is Austria's largest language school for Spanish, Portuguese and Indigenous languages offering about 300 courses annually. The Austrian Latin America Institute offers information and advice to all people interested in Latin America and Latin American students in particular. The event calendar includes exhibitions, book presentations, concerts, lectures and discussions. The Austrian Latin America Institute itself is no research institute, but it supports the "Austrian Study-Group for Latin-American Research" ("Arbeitsgemeinschaft Österreichische Lateinamerikaforschung"). The object of this association is scientific networking, interdisciplinary exchange and cooperation of researchers in Austria. It regards itself as an open forum offering young scientists the

title: Latin America

text: America, Chilean historian Jaime Eyzaguirre has criticized the term Latin America for "disguising" and "diluting" the Spanish character of a region (i.e. Hispanic America) with the inclusion of nations that according to him do not share the same pattern of conquest and colonization. Latin America can be subdivided into several subregions based on geography, politics, demographics and culture. If defined as all of the Americas south of the United States, the basic geographical subregions are North America, Central America, the Caribbean and South America; the latter contains further politico-geographical subdivisions such as the Southern Cone, the Guianas and the Andean

title: Falangism in Latin America

text: Falangism in Latin America Falangism in Latin America has been a feature of political life since the 1930s as movements looked to the national syndicalist clerical fascism of the Spanish state and sought to apply it to other Spanish-speaking countries. From the mid 1930s, the Falange Exterior, effectively an overseas version of the Spanish Falange, was active throughout Latin America in order to drum up support among Hispanic communities. However, the ideas would soon permeate into indigenous political groups. The term "Falangism" should not be applied to the military dictatorships of such figures as Alfredo Stroessner, Augusto Pinochet and Rafael

title: ESPN (Latin America)

text: ESPN (Latin America) ESPN is a Latin American pay-TV network that broadcasts sports-related programming for the Latin American region in Spanish. It was launched in 31 March 1989. It's programming is adapted to the likes of Hispanic viewers, who tend to prefer football and Hispanic baseball players to the more locally produced programs. ESPN Latin America, unlike its U.S. sister channels, has more programs related to football, such as live games from Spain's La Liga. The Disney/Hearst Corporation joint venture has also added some secondary regional channels for the Latin American region in the last few years, like ESPN 2

title: ESPN (Latin America)

text: and ESPN 3 In 2011 ESPN launched a new channel, named ESPN 3, which is divided in four segmets: Live (broadcasts live coverage of sport events), Compact (resumed sport events), ESPN 3.0 (extreme sports) and ESPN Series (featuring "30 For 30"). List of events that can be viewed on ESPN Latin America Networks: ESPN (Latin America) ESPN is a Latin American pay-TV network that broadcasts sports-related programming for the Latin American region in Spanish. It was launched in 31 March 1989. It's programming is adapted to the likes of Hispanic viewers, who tend to prefer football and Hispanic baseball players

title: Nick Jr. (Latin America)

text: Nick Jr. (Latin America) Nick Jr. is a cable television channel in Latin America owned by Viacom subsidiary Viacom International Media Networks The Americas and aimed. Currently, the Nick Jr. channel features the same programming as the Nick Jr. block on Nickelodeon, as well as some shows previously seen on the block Team Umizoomi and Bubble Guppies. Nick Jr. Latin America was originally a block on Nickelodeon Latin America, lasting from 2001 to 2007. Like the American version, Nick Jr's mascot was Cara instead of Face (Cara is Portuguese/Spanish word for Face). In 2008, Nickelodeon declared a 24/7 channel for

title: Historiography of Colonial Spanish America

text: issue “the fundamental flaw of this entire production to date.” A number of general works used as textbooks have focused on the colonial era for both Spanish America and Brazil, providing an overview of the field. A major synthesis comparing Spanish America and Brazil, by two contributors to the "Cambridge History of Latin America", is James Lockhart's and Stuart B. Schwartz's 1983 "Early Latin America". They argue that Spanish America and Brazil were structurally similar and "that political and cultural differences between Spanish and Portuguese America were less significant than the economic and social differences between central and peripheral regions."

title: Music of Latin America

text: by the music of the United States giving rise to genres such as Latin pop, rock, jazz, hip hop, and reggaeton. Geographically, it usually refers to the Spanish and Portuguese-speaking regions of Latin America, but sometimes includes Francophone countries and territories of the Caribbean and South America as well. It also encompasses Latin American styles that have originated in the United States such as salsa and Tejano. The origins of Latin American music can be traced back to the Spanish and Portuguese conquest of the Americas in the 16th century, when the European settlers brought their music from overseas. Latin

title: Education in Latin America

text: to all people. Higher education institutions in Latin America are private, public and federal colleges and universities. Most experts agree that there is no typical Latin American university as the universities must reflect the vast differences found within each country and region within Latin America. Most Latin American countries started from a European model (mostly modeled after the French or Spanish) and have adopted their own educational models differently in each region. Most models appeared to be Napoleonic which has historically been vocationally oriented and nationalistic in nature. Even now, students pursuing higher education in Latin America are asked to

title: Nickelodeon (Latin America)

text: HD on August 1, 2016. Nickelodeon (Latin America) Nickelodeon is a Latin American pay television channel, counterpart of the American network of the same name. It is oriented to the It is owned by Viacom and was launched on 20 December 1996. It includes shows like Skimo and the hit teen drama Isa TKM and its successor Isa TK+. Nickelodeon is divided into four regional feeds: three (North, Central and South) in Spanish, and one (Brazil) in Portuguese. The channel was launched on 20 December 1996 in Latin America as a cartoon-oriented channel, being the main competitor of Cartoon Network,

title: Nickelodeon (Latin America)

text: Nickelodeon (Latin America) Nickelodeon is a Latin American pay television channel, counterpart of the American network of the same name. It is oriented to the It is owned by Viacom and was launched on 20 December 1996. It includes shows like Skimo and the hit teen drama Isa TKM and its successor Isa TK+. Nickelodeon is divided into four regional feeds: three (North, Central and South) in Spanish, and one (Brazil) in Portuguese. The channel was launched on 20 December 1996 in Latin America as a cartoon-oriented channel, being the main competitor of Cartoon Network, which was launched three years

title: History of Latin America

text: requests ... a merciful punishment." The appeals to Christianity and profession of faith allowed Paula to return to her previous life as a slave with minimal punishment. The Spanish Crown placed a high importance on the preservation of Christianity in Latin America, this preservation of Christianity allowed colonialism to rule Latin America for over three hundred years. Following the model of the American and French revolutions, most of Latin America achieved its independence by 1825. Independence destroyed the old common market that existed under the Spanish Empire after the Bourbon Reforms and created an increased dependence on the financial investment

title: TruTV (Latin America)

text: 24-hours without interruptions and in several countries of Latin America. The official website, however, was launched in June, 2009, two months after the launch of the channel. truTV HD, a high definition version of the channel was launched in July, 2010. The networks has been adding more programming every month since its original launch. TruTV (Latin America) TruTV is a Latin American pay television channel owned by Turner Broadcasting System. Its programming schedule is centred towards reality shows. It was launched on 1 April 2009 replacing "Retro". It is divided in two feeds, one in Spanish language and another one

title: TruTV (Latin America)

text: TruTV (Latin America) TruTV is a Latin American pay television channel owned by Turner Broadcasting System. Its programming schedule is centred towards reality shows. It was launched on 1 April 2009 replacing "Retro". It is divided in two feeds, one in Spanish language and another one in Portuguese language, for Brazil. In July, 2010 an HD feed was launched. The channel was launched as Retro in the region by "Claxson Interactive Group Latin America & Iberia" and aired classical series and movies. In 2007, it was bought, along with I.Sat and Space by Time Warner, but continued to air the

title: Catholic Church in Latin America

text: While Pope John Paul II was criticized for his severity in dealing with proponents of the movement, he maintained that the Church, in its efforts to champion the poor, should not do so by resorting to violence or partisan politics. The movement is still alive in Latin America today, though the Church now faces the challenge of Pentecostal revival in much of the region. Catholic Church in Latin America The Catholic Church in Latin America began with the Spanish colonization of the Americas and continues through the independence movements of the Spanish-American colonies up to the present day. In the

title: History of libraries in Latin America

text: History of libraries in Latin America The history of libraries in Latin America dates back to before the conquest of the continent by the Spanish. Although the indigenous peoples of Mexico, Central America, and South America had developed a written language and, in some cases, created libraries and record depositories of their own, library history of the continent tends to focus on post-conquest institutions. This article will discuss the history of libraries in Latin America. The Aztecs, Maya, Mixtec, Olmec, Purépecha, and Zapotecs had all developed written language prior to the Spanish Conquest. It is important to note that although

title: Latin America

text: is well known amongst North America, however it hides a larger and in some ways crueler operation in the south which had a much longer history. In 1804, Haiti became the first Latin American nation to gain independence, following a violent slave revolt led by Toussaint L'ouverture on the French colony of Saint-Domingue. The victors abolished slavery. Haitian independence inspired independence movements in Spanish America. By the end of the eighteenth century, Spanish and Portuguese power waned on the global scene as other European powers took their place, notably Britain and France. Resentment grew among the majority of the population

title: ESPN 2 (Latin America)

text: ESPN 2 (Latin America) ESPN 2 is a Latin American pay-television channel based in Buenos Aires broadcasting for Spanish-speaking Latin American countries. Its programming is mostly football-, tennis- and rugby union-related. The channel was first launched in 1996 as ESPN 2 in Mexico and Central America and in 2002 as ESPN+ for South America. It consists on four different feeds available in the region according to its geographical location. On 1 September 2015, the network was rebranded as ESPN 2 in South America and launched its HD simulcasts for each feed. Moreover, in 2016 the ESPN 2 standard-definition feeds switched

title: History of Latin America

text: of Yucatán, Spanish conquest of Mexico, Spanish missions in California, Swedish History of Latin America The term "Latin America" primarily refers to the Spanish and Portuguese-speaking countries in the New World. Before the arrival of Europeans in the late 15th and early 16th centuries, the region was home to many indigenous peoples, a number of which had advanced civilizations, most notably from South; the Olmec, Maya, Muisca and Inca. The region came under control of the crowns of Spain and Portugal, which imposed both Roman Catholicism and their respective languages. Both the Spanish and the Portuguese brought African slaves to

text: on independence, some of which have been revised in subsequent editions. Richard Graham’s "Independence in Latin America" remains a succinct examination. A classic work on the era is John Lynch's "The Spanish American Revolutions, 1808-1826", followed by many others on leaders ("liberators") as well as the era generally. A number of histories of colonial Spanish America take the 1808 Napoleonic invasion of Iberia and ouster of the Bourbon monarchy as their end date. General histories of colonial Latin America end with one or more chapters on independence. The "Cambridge History of Latin America" has its first two volumes devoted to

title: Cartoon Network (Latin America)

text: Cartoon Network (Latin America) Cartoon Network Latin America () () is a satellite and cable television channel distributed by AT&T for the Latin American audience and the Caribbean. It is the Latin American version of original Cartoon Network television channel in the United States. It is divided into six feeds, all originating from its central headquarters in Atlanta, Georgia, United States; four are in Spanish (Mexico, Argentina, Uruguay, Chile/Peru, Colombia/Venezuela), one is in Portuguese (Brazil), and another feed aimed at the Caribbean is only in English. The feeds have different schedules. It primarily airs cartoons and animated programming, marketed towards

title: Opera in Latin America

text: in Helsinki, Finland. Opera in Latin America The history of opera in Latin America dates back to at least the early 18th century. Opera arrived in Latin America as a consequence of European colonization. On October 19, 1701, "La púrpura de la rosa" premiered in Lima in the Viceroyalty of Peru, the first opera known to be composed and performed in the Americas. It is an opera in one act by Spanish composer Tomás de Torrejón y Velasco with a libretto by Pedro Calderón de la Barca, and is the only surviving opera by Torrejón y Velasco. It tells the

title: Opera in Latin America

text: Opera in Latin America The history of opera in Latin America dates back to at least the early 18th century. Opera arrived in Latin America as a consequence of European colonization. On October 19, 1701, "La púrpura de la rosa" premiered in Lima in the Viceroyalty of Peru, the first opera known to be composed and performed in the Americas. It is an opera in one act by Spanish composer Tomás de Torrejón y Velasco with a libretto by Pedro Calderón de la Barca, and is the only surviving opera by Torrejón y Velasco. It tells the myth of the

title: ESPN 2 (Latin America)

text: to air its programming in widescreen. ESPN 2 shows live MotoGP races, and selected IndyCar Series races. It also complements ESPN's coverage of the four Grand Slam of tennis. As of May 2018, there are four feeds of the channel available throughout the region ESPN 2 (Latin America) ESPN 2 is a Latin American pay-television channel based in Buenos Aires broadcasting for Spanish-speaking Latin American countries. Its programming is mostly football-, tennis- and rugby union-related. The channel was first launched in 1996 as ESPN 2 in Mexico and Central America and in 2002 as ESPN+ for South America. It consists

title: Discovery Kids (Latin America)

text: got a new logo for the celebration of the channel's 20th anniversary. Discovery Kids (Latin America) Discovery Kids Latin America is a cable television channel owned by Discovery, Inc. and headquartered in Miami, Florida, which started as a programming block on the Latin American version of Discovery Channel. It is the only Discovery channel to feature its own mascots. The channel is divided into five feeds: Pan-Latin American, Chile, Argentina, Mexico, the Spanish-language and Brazilian Portuguese HD feed in Brazil (including its simulcast, HD feed). The channel was launched on November 1, 1996 and programming was aimed for older children

title: Discovery Kids (Latin America)

text: Discovery Kids (Latin America) Discovery Kids Latin America is a cable television channel owned by Discovery, Inc. and headquartered in Miami, Florida, which started as a programming block on the Latin American version of Discovery Channel. It is the only Discovery channel to feature its own mascots. The channel is divided into five feeds: Pan-Latin American, Chile, Argentina, Mexico, the Spanish-language and Brazilian Portuguese HD feed in Brazil (including its simulcast, HD feed). The channel was launched on November 1, 1996 and programming was aimed for older children and preschoolers. Preschool programming aired in the mornings, while shows for older

title: Latin America

text: Gilberto Gil, Maria Bethânia, Nana Caymmi, Nara Leão, Gal Costa, Ney Matogrosso as well as musical ensembles such as Inti Illimani and Los Kjarkas are magnificent examples of the heights that this soul can reach. Latin pop, including many forms of rock, is popular in Latin America today (see Spanish language rock and roll). A few examples are Café Tacuba, Soda Stereo, Maná, Rita Lee, Mutantes, Secos e Molhados Legião Urbana, Titãs, Paralamas do Sucesso, Cazuza, Barão Vermelho, Skank, Miranda!, Cansei de Ser Sexy or CSS, and Bajo Fondo. More recently, reggaeton, which blends Jamaican reggae and dancehall with Latin

title: Reproductive rights in Latin America

text: there is also increasing Protestant influence (especially in Central America and Brazil) as well as by the presence of other world religions. Catholicism was introduced in Latin America with the Spanish colonization of the Americas and continued through the independence movements of the Spanish-American colonies up to the present day. Critics of the restrictive abortion laws of Latin America argue that this situation is created by the strong influence of the Catholic church in the region. El Salvador and Nicaragua have drawn international attention for strong enforcement of their complete bans on abortion. In 2017, Chile relaxed its total ban,

title: Animax (Latin America)

text: Animax (Latin America) Animax was the Latin American version of Animax. It replaced the Locomotion TV channel on 31 July 2005, which was acquired by Sony in 18 January of the same year. Animax was divided into four feeds: three in Spanish (Venezuela, Mexico and Panregional) and one in Portuguese (Brazil). The channel was replaced by Sony Spin on 1 May 2011, which continued airing anime until 5 March 2012. Being Sony's first attempt to offer a 24-hour anime channel in Latin America, it planned to broadcast series in two formats. The majority of the series containing 25 episodes or

title: Television in Latin America

text: Television in Latin America Television in Latin America currently includes more than 1,500 television stations and more than 60 million TV sets throughout the 20 countries that constitute Latin America. Due to economic and political problems television networks in some countries of this region have developed less than the North American and European networks, for instance. In other countries like Colombia or Chile, television broadcasting has historically been public-broadcast dominated until the 1990s. The largest commercial television groups are Mexico-based Televisa, Brazil-based Globo and Canada-based Canwest Latin American Group. Due to the shared language of Spanish by two thirds of

title: Television in Latin America

title: MTV (Latin America)

text: social and economic growth, in April 1996 "MTV in Spanish" was divided into two regional signals, "North", covering Mexico, Central America, Colombia and Venezuela, and "South", covering the rest of the region. This division was created in order to cater programming more closely to distinct audiences. As a result, in 1996 MTV became the number one music channel in Latin America. The channel also became one of the first US television brands to develop a website for Latin America audiences with the launch MTVLA.com in partnership with the Miami-based company Internet Marketing Consultants. However, during the 1990s the channel began

title: Reformed Church of Latin America

text: were received into the church. In 2004 a request was received from pastor Torres from Santa Marta to train and he was ordained in 2005., and consist of two presbyteries, the Central Reformed Presbytery, and the Reformed Presbytery in Caribbean. The Caribbean Reformed Presbytery consist of 2 officially established churches, and 7 missions, a Theological Seminary and 3 schools. Reformed Church in Latin America is a member of the World Reformed Fellowship. Reformed Church of Latin America The Reformed Church of Latin America (In Spanish the Iglesia Reformada Latino Americana) is a confessional Reformed and Presbyterian church in Colombia and

title: Latin America

text: indigenous languages spoken within its territory as official, though fewer than 1% of its population are native speakers of these languages. Nahuatl is one of the 62 native languages spoken by indigenous people in Mexico, which are officially recognized by the government as "national languages" along with Spanish. Other European languages spoken in Latin America include: English, by some groups in Puerto Rico, as well as in nearby countries that may or may not be considered Latin American, like Belize and Guyana; German, in southern Brazil, southern Chile, portions of Argentina, Venezuela and Paraguay; Italian, in Brazil, Argentina, Venezuela, and

title: History of Latin America

text: History of Latin America The term "Latin America" primarily refers to the Spanish and Portuguese-speaking countries in the New World. Before the arrival of Europeans in the late 15th and early 16th centuries, the region was home to many indigenous peoples, a number of which had advanced civilizations, most notably from South; the Olmec, Maya, Muisca and Inca. The region came under control of the crowns of Spain and Portugal, which imposed both Roman Catholicism and their respective languages. Both the Spanish and the Portuguese brought African slaves to their colonies, as laborers, particularly in regions where indigenous populations who

title: Education in Latin America

text: was of great significance to the course of higher education in Latin America, and the spirit of the colonial period was interwoven in the Church. "In the 1800's, numerous countries, including Chile, Ecuador, and Colombia, signed contracts with the Catholic Church, or modeled their constitution on Catholic values, declaring themselves Catholic states." As Spanish Christianity was reformed in the 16th century by Cardinal Jiménez de Cisneros, the Church was more under Crown control in Spain than any other European monarchy. Higher education in Latin America was heavily affected by the relationship between Church and State. "Spanish America's universities were created

title: Anti-clericalism in Latin America

text: Fidel Castro, succeeded in reducing the Church's ability to work by deporting the archbishop and 150 Spanish priests, discriminating against Catholics in public life and education and refusing to accept them as members of the Communist Party. The subsequent flight of 300,000 people from the island also helped to diminish the Church there. Anti-clericalism in Latin America Anti-clericalism in Latin America sprang up in opposition to the power and influence of the Catholic Church in colonial and post-colonial Latin America. Of the population of Latin America, now well in excess of 300 million, over 90% acknowledge allegiance to the Catholic

title: Music of Latin America

text: became known worldwide) was forged in the pan-Latin melting pot of New York City in the late 1960s and early 1970s. Latin Trap has become famous around 2015. It has influences of American trap and reggaeton music. Reggaeton (also known as reggaetón and reguetón[1]) is a musical genre which originated in Puerto Rico during the late 1990s. It is influenced by hip hop and Latin American and Caribbean music. Vocals include rapping and singing, typically in Spanish. The Latin (or romantic) ballad is a Latin musical genre which originated in the 1960s. This ballad is very popular in Hispanic America

title: K-pop in Latin America

text: groups and idols have included Spanish phrases into their lyrics. Some examples include: SF9's "O Sole Mio," KARD's "Hola Hola," GFriend's "Me Gustas Tu," and Super Junior's "Mamacita," and "Lo Siento." K-pop in Latin America Relations between South Korea and Latin America have been growing since the 1960s. In the past decade, South Korean companies such as LG Corporation and Samsung have established businesses in Latin America, which improved trade relations between the two regions. LG and Samsung also played a role in the spread of K-Pop to Latin America. K-Pop by LG was a yearly dancing competition sponsored by

title: Education in Latin America

text: countries of comparable income levels in East Asia. One major problem facing students in higher education in Latin America is that of educational equity. This issue includes economic equality, disparity amongst socioeconomic classes and therefore access to higher education. As mentioned above, a majority of higher education students within Latin America come from the middle class. But one must look at what this actually means: Latin America currently showcases the lowest rates of income distribution (across society), especially when compared to other parts of the industrialized world. In addition, levels of social injustice are extremely high if one takes into

title: General History of Latin America

text: volumes of comprehensive studies and information on ideas, civilizations, societies, and institutions covering the development of Latin American societies from the pre-Columbian era to the twentieth century. Using methodological instruments of current historiography, these volumes present indigenous Latin American societies, their contacts with European culture, the colonial orders, and the participation of African communities in the region to highlight the history of inter-continental interactions in Latin America. Published in Spanish and launched in 1983, the fundamental aim of the General History of Latin America, is to help heighten the historical awareness of the region. As a central part of its

title: MTV (Latin America)

text: MTV Latin America. Firstly, the program "MTV International" was created in 1988 and led by Daisy Fuentes. This weekly program was broadcast through Latin American and American channels and presented music videos from both regions. A second catalyst was the rise of the "Spanish Rock fever", which included artists such as Argentinean rockers Miguel Mateos and Soda Stereo. Lastly, during these years the first-ever Spanish rock concert in the US. was put on by Miguel Mateos, which created excitement amongst Latino communities in the United States. With the growing popularity of Latino artists, channel executives began to take notice and

title: Animax (Latin America)

text: After Animax's arrival in 2005, numerous series were translated and dubbed into Spanish and Portuguese languages, including "Blood+", "The Twelve Kingdoms", "Steel Angel Kurumi", "Noir", "Wolf's Rain", "Martian Successor Nadesico", "Galaxy Angel" and others. Animax (Latin America) Animax was the Latin American version of Animax. It replaced the Locomotion TV channel on 31 July 2005, which was acquired by Sony in 18 January of the same year. Animax was divided into four feeds: three in Spanish (Venezuela, Mexico and Panregional) and one in Portuguese (Brazil). The channel was replaced by Sony Spin on 1 May 2011, which continued airing anime

title: Latin American economy

text: Latin American economy Latin America as a region has multiple nation-states, with varying levels of economic complexity. The Latin American economy is an export-based economy consisting of individual countries in the geographical regions of Central America, South America, and the Caribbean. The socioeconomic patterns of what is now called Latin America were set in the colonial era when the region was controlled by the Spanish and Portuguese empires. Up until independence in the early nineteenth century, colonial Latin American regional economies boomed. Many parts of the region had favorable factor endowments of deposits of precious metals, mainly silver, or tropical

title: Reformed Church of Latin America

text: Reformed Church of Latin America The Reformed Church of Latin America (In Spanish the Iglesia Reformada Latino Americana) is a confessional Reformed and Presbyterian church in Colombia and the Caribbean and the surrounding Latin American countries. The year of 1997 gathered in the home of Rev. Rafael Leal, Pastor James Leal and Milton Nunez to organise a Reformed church. This was the beginning of a Reformed faith. Later more churches were organised in Santa Marta in addition to founding the Providence Christian Home. In Colombia the church is called the Evangelical Presbyterian Reformed Church (Iglesia Reformada Evangélica Presbiteriana de Colombia),

title: Fiscal Observatory of Latin America and the Caribbean

text: of fiscal policy in Latin America and supports debating of fiscal subjects among fiscal authorities, international organizations and other experts in the subject. Fiscal Observatory of Latin America and the Caribbean The Fiscal Observatory of Latin America and the Caribbean (OFILAC) is an initiative of the United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean, especially by the Division for Economic Development, to contribute to improving fiscal policy through the dissemination of studies and debate. Financial support is provided by the Spanish Agency for International Cooperation and Development (AECID). Other partners of the Fiscal Observatory of Latin America and

title: Latin America

text: Kingdom, Brazil and Mexico. Over the past two centuries, Latin America’s GDP per capita has fluctuated around world average. However, there is a substantial gap between Latin America and the western economies. Between 1820 and 2008, this gap widened from 0.8 to 2.7 times. Since 1980, Latin America also lost growth versus the world average. Many nations such as those in Asia have joined others on a rapid economic growth path, but Latin America has grown at slower pace and its share of world output declined from 9.5% in 1980 to 7.8% in 2008. Latin America is the region with

title: Opera in Latin America

text: and indigenous peoples and were influenced by zarzuela, a form of Spanish opera . In the 20th century many nationalist operas were composed across Latin America, with particularly thriving opera scenes in Mexico, Argentina and Brazil. Today, there are numerous active opera houses throughout Latin America and composers continue to write new operas. We also have organizations such as the International Brazilian Opera Company (IBOC) and Opera Hispanica who are promoting new Latin American operatic repertoire internationally. In 1711, the opera "Partenope" premiered in Mexico City. Its music was by Manuel de Zumaya, the most important Mexican baroque composer. This

title: African immigration to Latin America

text: reason for increased migration of African immigrants from Africa to Latin America. Brazil is cited as having the largest black population of any country outside of Africa. Brazil's and most of Latin America's friendly immigration policies attract migration from people from the African countries who seek to be integrated into society. Access to free healthcare and Spanish education also incentivize immigration to Latin America. During the Portuguese Colonial War and Angolan and Mozambican Civil Wars, a large number of Angolans and Mozambicans (including white Angolans and Mozambicans of Portuguese descent) fled to Brazil (also a former Portuguese colony, as Portugal

title: The Weather Channel (Latin America)

text: website as well as a Brazilian version. The Weather Channel (Latin America) The Weather Channel Latin America (Spanish: El Canal del Tiempo, Portuguese: Canal do Tempo) is a website which formerly served as a cable and satellite channel based on the American cable and satellite television network, The Weather Channel. The channel was launched in 1996, mainly in Mexico, Colombia, and Argentina, before going on to launch a Portuguese language version for Brazil in 1998. The channel operated from Atlanta, with later sales offices initiated in several Latin American countries, until December 20, 2002, when the network closed the channel

title: The Weather Channel (Latin America)

text: The Weather Channel (Latin America) The Weather Channel Latin America (Spanish: El Canal del Tiempo, Portuguese: Canal do Tempo) is a website which formerly served as a cable and satellite channel based on the American cable and satellite television network, The Weather Channel. The channel was launched in 1996, mainly in Mexico, Colombia, and Argentina, before going on to launch a Portuguese language version for Brazil in 1998. The channel operated from Atlanta, with later sales offices initiated in several Latin American countries, until December 20, 2002, when the network closed the channel to avoid cost cuts at its American

title: Catholic Church in Latin America

text: Catholic Church in Latin America The Catholic Church in Latin America began with the Spanish colonization of the Americas and continues through the independence movements of the Spanish-American colonies up to the present day. In the 19th and 20th centuries, many liberal regimes struggled to control and reduce the power and influence of the Catholic Church through the promulgation of anti-clerical laws. In some countries, anti-clerical violence resulted in the destruction of church property and the killing of priests and other religious leaders. In the later part of the 20th century, however, the rise of Liberation theology has challenged such

title: MTV (Latin America)

text: these categories includes music in English and Spanish. The service is headquartered in Miami Beach. MTV Latin America is distributed via satellite, cable, and other terrestrial distribution through of three different feeds in Argentina, Colombia and Mexico. The channel has also their own versions of MTV reality shows like "Room Raiders" or Dismissed, but most of the time curse words are not censored in Latin América Regions (specially during the watershed time). The first video shown was "We are sudamerican rockers" by the Chilean band Los Prisioneros. A few important events in the late 1980s led to the creation of

title: Latin America–United Kingdom relations

text: cotton manufacturers of Lancashire. They supported the independence movement, and persuaded the British government to station commercial consuls in all the major trading centers in Latin America. the British were permanently committed, and it took decades – until the 1860s – before the commercial and involvement paid serious dividends. By 1875, Latin America was firmly integrated into transatlantic economy under British leadership. After 1898, the British had to compete commercially with the Americans. In long-term perspective, Britain's influence in Latin America was enormous after independence came in the 1820s. Britain deliberately sought to replace the Spanish in economic and cultural

title: Independent Alliance of Latin America and the Caribbean

text: a "third way" in the North–South, rich–poor divide in climate change negotiations. Groupings are not mutually exclusive and some members participate in and/or with multiple negotiating groups such as the Alliance of Small Island States (AOSIS), the Central American Integration System (SICA in Spanish), the Coalition for Rainforest Nations, and the Climate Vulnerable Forum. AILAC has also written joint Submissions with Mexico. http://www.ailac.org Independent Alliance of Latin America and the Caribbean The Independent Association of Latin America and the Caribbean (Spanish Asociación Independiente de Latinoamérica y el Caribe, AILAC) is a grouping of countries from Latin America and the Caribbean

title: History of libraries in Latin America

text: Portuguese royal family; the collection was left behind in the country following the terms of the treaty that allowed the royal family's return. The library is one of the largest in the Americas, with over 9 million items in the collection. The Biblioteca Nacional organized the first classes in library science in South America and pioneered modernization. History of libraries in Latin America The history of libraries in Latin America dates back to before the conquest of the continent by the Spanish. Although the indigenous peoples of Mexico, Central America, and South America had developed a written language and, in

text: Fiscal Observatory of Latin America and the Caribbean The Fiscal Observatory of Latin America and the Caribbean (OFILAC) is an initiative of the United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean, especially by the Division for Economic Development, to contribute to improving fiscal policy through the dissemination of studies and debate. Financial support is provided by the Spanish Agency for International Cooperation and Development (AECID). Other partners of the Fiscal Observatory of Latin America and the Caribbean are: GIZ, AECID, European Commission, IMF, IADB, OECD, CIAT, and others. OFILAC provides a platform for the analysis, discussion and follow-up

title: Latin America

text: (Spanish language in the Americas), as well as in Cuba, Puerto Rico (where it is co-official with English), and the Dominican Republic. French is spoken in Haiti and in the French overseas departments of Guadeloupe, Martinique and Guiana, and the French overseas collectivity of Saint Pierre and Miquelon; it is also spoken by some Panamanians of Afro-Antillean descent. Dutch is the official language in Suriname, Aruba, and the Netherlands Antilles. (As Dutch is a Germanic language, these territories are not necessarily considered part of Latin America.) Amerindian languages are widely spoken in Peru, Guatemala, Bolivia, Paraguay and Mexico, and to

title: Latin America

text: century, the art of Latin America was greatly inspired by the Constructivist Movement. The Movement quickly spread from Russia to Europe and then into Latin America. Joaquín Torres García and Manuel Rendón have been credited with bringing the Constructivist Movement into Latin America from Europe. An important artistic movement generated in Latin America is "muralism" represented by Diego Rivera, David Alfaro Siqueiros, José Clemente Orozco and Rufino Tamayo in Mexico, Santiago Martinez Delgado and Pedro Nel Gómez in Colombia and Antonio Berni in Argentina. Some of the most impressive "Muralista" works can be found in Mexico, Colombia, New York City,

title: Education in Latin America

text: what a modern educational system could and should look like.— Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Cuba, Mexico and Peru represent about 90 percent of the Latin American region's population. It's important to acknowledge that higher education in Latin America really only reflects on the elite few Latin American countries that can and do offer higher education options for their citizens. More research must be done in this area to bolster the information on some of the smaller countries in parts of Latin America that do not have higher education options. Or who do have higher education options but are limited in

title: History of Latin America

text: provided by nations which had already begun to industrialize; therefore, Western European powers, in particular Great Britain and France, and the United States began to play major roles, since the region became economically dependent on these nations. Independence also created a new, self-consciously "Latin American" ruling class and intelligentsia which at times avoided Spanish and Portuguese models in their quest to reshape their societies. This elite looked towards other Catholic European models—in particular France—for a new Latin American culture, but did not seek input from indigenous peoples. The failed efforts in Spanish America to keep together most of the initial

title: Catholic Church in Latin America

text: observed in practice. Moreover, it has taken Latin America much longer than other parts of the West to adopt religious freedom in theory and in practice, and the habit of respect for those rights is only gradually being developed. The slowness to embrace religious freedom in Latin America is related to its colonial heritage and to its post-colonial history. The Aztec and the Inca both made substantial use of religion to support their authority and power. This pre-existing role of religion in pre-Columbian culture made it relatively easy for the Spanish conquistadors to replace native religious structures with those of

title: Spanish missions in South America

text: Spanish missions in South America The Spanish missions in South America comprise a series of Jesuit Catholic religious outposts established by Spanish Catholics in order to spread the Christian doctrine among the local natives. Missions in the "Banda Oriental" in southern Brazil. The "Banda Oriental" was finally divided by the Treaty of San Ildefonso in 1777 between Spanish and Portuguese domains, the western portion becoming part of what is today state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, the eastern portion becoming part of what is today Uruguay. (Note: The above are Portuguese translations of the original names) There were also

title: HBO Latin America Group

text: A+E Networks Latin America (co-owned by A+E Networks and Ole Communications): NBCUniversal International Networks Latin America: Sony Pictures Entertainment: Warner Bros. Entertainment (operated by Turner Broadcasting System Latin America): OLE Communications HBO Latin America Group HBO Latin America is a company which owns several cable networks in the region of Latin America. It is a joint venture between WarnerMedia and Ole Communications. In Latin America, the channels owned by WarnerMedia are broadcast by two different subsidiaries, Turner Broadcasting System Latin America (who broadcasts TNT, CNN International, CNN en Español, truTV, Cartoon Network, Chilevisión and other sister channels) and HBO Latin

title: History of Latin America

text: The conquerors and colonists of Latin America also had a major impact on the population of Latin America. The Spanish conquistadors committed savage acts of violence against the natives. According to Bartolomé de las Casas, the Europeans worked the native population to death, separated the men and the women so they could not reproduce, and hunted down and killed any natives who escaped with dogs. Las Casas claimed that the Spaniards made the natives work day and night in mines and would "test the sharpness of their blades" on the natives. Las Casas estimated that around three million natives died

title: Slutwalk in Latin America

text: Slutwalk in Latin America Slutwalks in Latin America were renamed "Marcha das Vadias" in Brazil and "La Marcha de las Putas" in most Spanish-speaking countries, sometimes using PUTAS as an acronym for "Por una transformación Auténtica y Social (For An Authentic Social Transformation)" Some countries like Argentina, Brazil, and Colombia were known to host simultaneous Slutwalks in different cities. In almost all countries, Slutwalks are repeated annually, although not always in the same cities. Some protests select their dates to match significant events such as the International Day for the Elimination of Violence against Women and the World Youth Day.

title: Latin Americans

text: (mixed Black and Amerindian) minorities are also identified regularly. White people are the largest single group, accounting for more than a third. The Latinobarómetro surveys have asked respondents in 18 Latin American countries what race they considered themselves to belong to. The figures shown below are averages for 2007 through 2011. Spanish and Portuguese are the predominant languages of Latin America. Portuguese is spoken only in Brazil, the biggest and most populous country in the region. Spanish is the official language of most of the rest of the countries on the Latin American mainland, as well as in Puerto Rico

title: Catholic Church in Latin America

text: a Catholicism that was closely linked to the Spanish throne. Anti-clericalism was an integral feature of 19th-century liberalism in Latin America. This anti-clericalism was based on the idea that the clergy (especially the prelates who ran the administrative offices of the Church) were hindering social progress in areas such as public education and economic development. The Catholic Church was one of the largest land owning groups in most of Latin America's countries. As a result, the Church tended to be rather conservative politically. Beginning in the 1820s, a succession of liberal regimes came to power in Latin America. Some members

title: HBO Latin America Group

text: HBO Latin America Group HBO Latin America is a company which owns several cable networks in the region of Latin America. It is a joint venture between WarnerMedia and Ole Communications. In Latin America, the channels owned by WarnerMedia are broadcast by two different subsidiaries, Turner Broadcasting System Latin America (who broadcasts TNT, CNN International, CNN en Español, truTV, Cartoon Network, Chilevisión and other sister channels) and HBO Latin America Group, which broadcasts other related channels. HBO Latin America Group owns and operates these channels (most of those are simulcast in HD): HBO Latin America Group distributes these channels:<br>Owned by

title: Connie Francis Sings Spanish and Latin American Favorites

text: under the catalogue numbers E-3853 (mono) and SE-3853 (stereo) on MGM Records. The album consisted of 13 songs, although 15 playbacks had been produced. First pressings of the album contain the complete intended listing of all 15 tracks on the cover, though actually the songs "Amor" and "Aquellos ojos verdes" were not released in the U. S. and at that time were only available on singles and EPs in Spain and South America. Connie Francis Sings Spanish and Latin American Favorites Connie Francis Sings Spanish and Latin American Favorites is a studio album of Spanish and Latin American songs recorded

text: socioeconomic status, place within the Catholic Church, and cultural expressions. Modern studies of race in Spanish America date to the 1940s with the publication of Gonzalo Aguirre Beltrán's monograph on Africans in Mexico. In the United States, the 1947 publication of Frank Tannenbaum’s "Slave and Citizen: The Negro in the Americas" cast Latin American slavery as more benevolent compared to that in the United States. In Tannenbaum's work, he argued that although slaves in Latin America were in forced servitude, they incorporated into society as Catholics, could sue for better treatment in Spanish courts, had legal routes to freedom, and

title: Latin America

text: Portuguese and Spanish influences as well. Creole languages of mainland Latin America, similarly, are derived from European languages and various African tongues. The Garifuna language is spoken along the Caribbean coast in Honduras, Guatemala, Nicaragua and Belize mostly by the Garifuna people a mixed race Zambo people who were the result of mixing between Indigenous Caribbeans and escaped Black slaves. Primarily an Arawakan language, it has influences from Caribbean and European languages. Archaeologists have deciphered over 15 pre-Columbian distinct writing systems from mesoamerican societies. the ancient Maya had the most sophisticated textually written language, but since texts were largely confined

title: Education in Latin America

text: State in Latin America granted authority to universities, and the position of "maestrescuela" was filled by one who served as a liaison among stakeholders. "Most of the universities were organized by religious orders, especially Jesuits and Dominicans, and these orders provided not only most of the administrators but also most of the teachers…Graduation was a religious as well as an academic event"; many students were trained to enter the clergy or to take on bureaucratic positions for the state. At the time of the Spanish American wars of independence, approximately twenty-five universities were operating in Spanish America. These universities, influenced

title: Fox Channel (Latin America)

text: Fox Channel (Latin America) Fox Channel is the Latin American version of the American channel FOX. It was launched on August 14, 1993. The channel is mainly oriented towards family audiences, unlike its sister channel FX. Though it is a Spanish-language channel, the shows are referred to by their original names (except for "The Simpsons"). The channel took part in the worldwide premiere of "The Walking Dead" on November 1, 2010 and the Zombie Invasion Event promotion that led up to it. After the final episode of the first season of "The Walking Dead" aired, Fox released the uncensored version

title: Disney Junior (Latin America)

text: Disney Junior (Latin America) Disney Junior Latin America is a cable television channel and is a version of The Walt Disney Company-owned Disney Junior, broadcasting in all Latin America. It is broadcast in three feeds: North Zone, South Zone and Brazil. It is marketed to preschoolers. Disney Junior is operated by Disney & ESPN Media Networks Latin America and The Walt Disney Company Latin America, both of The Walt Disney Company. It was launched on June 1, 2008 as Playhouse Disney Channel. Formerly it only was a programming block in the mornings of Disney Channel Latin America, where it still

title: MTV (Latin America)

text: realized the increasing quality and popularity of music sung in Spanish. After considering the success of other international MTV channels, such as MTV Europe and MTV Brasil, MTV Networks launched "MTV in Spanish" in October 1993. The channel had one signal to broadcast to all of Latin America. All programs were recorded and produced in Miami, FL where the studios were located. Daisy Fuentes became one of the first VJs for the channel. Beto González from Guatemala was in charge of MTV media and ads from 1994 from 1999, later succeeded by Gus Rodríguez from México. As the channel began

title: Latin America

text: to the 1830s, in the writing of the French Saint-Simonian Michel Chevalier, who postulated that this part of the Americas was inhabited by people of a "Latin race", and that it could, therefore, ally itself with "Latin Europe", ultimately overlapping the Latin Church, in a struggle with "Teutonic Europe", "Anglo-Saxon America" and "Slavic Europe". Further investigations of the concept of Latin America are by Michel Gobat in the "American Historical Review", the studies of Leslie Bethell, and the monograph by Mauricio Tenorio-Trillo, "Latin America: The Allure and Power of an Idea" (2017). Historian John Leddy Phelan locates the origins of

title: Archive of the Indigenous Languages of Latin America

text: Archive of the Indigenous Languages of Latin America The Archive of the Indigenous Languages of Latin America (AILLA) is a digital repository housed in LLILAS Benson Latin American Studies and Collections at the University of Texas at Austin. AILLA is a digital language archive dedicated to the digitization and preservation of primary data, such as field notes, texts, audio and video recordings, in or about Latin American indigenous languages. AILLA's holdings are available on the Internet and are open to the public wherever privacy and intellectual property concerns are met. AILLA has access portals in both English and Spanish; all

title: Latin America–United States relations

text: Until the end of the 19th century, the United States had a special relationship primarily with nearby Mexico and Cuba. Otherwise, relationships with other Latin American countries were of minor importance to both sides, consisting mostly of a small amount of trade. Apart from Mexico, there was little migration to the United States and little American financial investment. Politically and economically, Latin America (apart from Mexico and the Spanish colony of Cuba) was largely tied to Britain. The United States had no involvement in the process by which Spanish possessions broke away and became independent around 1820. In cooperation with,

title: Latin America and Caribbean Network Information Centre

text: into the RIR system. Latin America and Caribbean Network Information Centre The Latin America and Caribbean Network Information Centre (LACNIC, Spanish: Registro de Direcciones de Internet para América Latina y Caribe, Portuguese: Registro de Endereçamento da Internet para América Latina e Caribe) is the Regional Internet Registry for the Latin American and Caribbean regions. LACNIC provides number resource allocation and registration services that support the global operation of the Internet. It is a not-for-profit, membership-based organisation whose members include Internet Service Providers, and similar organisations. LACNIC has been allocated the IPv4 address blocks 177.0.0.0/8, 179.0.0.0/8, 181.0.0.0/8, 186.0.0.0/8, 187.0.0.0/8, 189.0.0.0/8, 190.0.0.0/8,

text: Independent Alliance of Latin America and the Caribbean The Independent Association of Latin America and the Caribbean (Spanish Asociación Independiente de Latinoamérica y el Caribe, AILAC) is a grouping of countries from Latin America and the Caribbean that cooperate on certain issues as a block in international climate negotiations. The group was created in Doha, Qatar at the 18th Conference of the Parties by Colombia, Costa Rica, Chile, Peru, Guatemala and Panama and supported by the Dominican Republic, breaking from the Group of 77 on some issues notably the level of commitments for developing countries. The group presents itself as

title: Latin America

text: “Latin America” in the French occupation of Mexico. His argument is that French imperialists used the concept of "Latin" America as a way to counter British imperialism, as well as to challenge the German threat to France. The idea of a "Latin race" was then taken up by Latin American intellectuals and political leaders of the mid- and late-nineteenth century, who no longer looked to Spain or Portugal as cultural models, but rather to France. French ruler Napoleon III had a strong interest in extending French commercial and political power in the region he and his business promoter Felix Belly

title: Latin America

text: parts of Colombia and Venezuela). The term is not without controversy. Historian Mauricio Tenorio-Trillo explores at length the "allure and power" of the idea of Latin America. He remarks at the outset, "The idea of 'Latin America' ought to have vanished with the obsolescence of racial theory... But it is not easy to declare something dead when it can hardly be said to have existed," going on to say, "The term is here to stay, and it is important." Following in the tradition of Chilean writer Francisco Bilbao, who excluded Brazil, Argentina and Paraguay from his early conceptualization of Latin

title: Religion in Latin America

text: country with more practitioners in the world of Allan Kardec's Spiritism. Practitioners of the Judaism, Mormonism, Jehovah's Witnesses, Buddhist, Islamic, Hinduism, Bahá'í Faith, and Shinto denominations and religions also exercised in Latin America. Religious affiliation in Latin America according to the CID-Gallup 2010: Religious affiliation in Latin America according to the CID-Gallup 2000 : Religious affiliation in Latin America according to the CID-Gallup 1990 : Religion in Latin America Religion in Latin America is characterized by the historical predominance of Catholic Christianity, increasing Protestant influence, as well as by the presence of other world religions. According to survey data from

title: Italy–Latin America Conference

text: Italy–Latin America Conference The Italy-Latin America Conference or Italo-Latin America Conference, formally the Italy-Latin America and Caribbean Conference, is an inter-governmental forum for encounter between Italy and the countries of Latin America. A biennial summit is organised in Italy by the "Italo-Latin American Institute" located in Rome, with many initiatives marking the "preparatory path". The institute's aims are to develop and coordinate research and documentation regarding the problems, achievements and prospects of its Member Countries in cultural, scientific, economic, technical and social contexts. The conferences are an effective and well-established foreign policy instrument in Italy’s relations with the countries of

title: Latin America

text: the United States and the Soviet Union, US diplomats became interested in Asia, Africa, and Latin America, and frequently waged proxy wars against the Soviet Union in these countries. The US sought to stop the spread of communism. Latin American countries generally sided with the US in the Cold War period, even though they were neglected since the US's concern with communism were focused in Europe and Asia, not Latin America. Between 1946 and 1959 Latin America received only 2% of the United States foreign aid despite having poor conditions similar to the main recipients of The Marshall Plan. Some

title: MTV (Latin America)

text: MTV (Latin America) MTV is a Latin American pay television network that was launched on 1 October 1993 as "MTV Latino". The channel is a Hispanic American version from MTV. The channel is property of MTV Networks Latin America, a subsidiary of Viacom. MTV Latin America's principal objective is to broadcast music videos as well as reality shows, series, and films, which may be directly or indirectly related to music. All programming is related in some way to youth culture. MTV Latin America's programming focuses on certain musical genres, mainly pop, soft rock, Latin pop, and hip hop. Each of

title: Disney XD (Latin America)

text: as an independent feed and, instead, became a semi-timeshift channel by one hour (and a mirror feed in Summer due to Chilean Daylight Timezone), relying on the South feed, with Argentine ads being replaced by Chilean, Peruvian, Ecuadorian and Bolivian commercials. Disney XD Latin America is divided into five feeds across the region, featuring Spanish and Portuguese language-programming in Hispanic America and Brazil, respectively: Disney had previously launched an additional feed for the channel, being named "Disney XD Pacific" which covered Chile, Peru, Ecuador and Bolivia available since January 18, 2010, replacing the South feed which has been distributed on

title: Austrian Latin America Institute

text: opportunity to present and discuss their work. In 2007 the Study-Group had 108 members from Austria, Europe and Latin America. The annual conference is held in Strobl am Wolfgangsee. The Study-Group was founded in 1983 by members of the Austrian Latin America Institute and is partner of CEISAL ("Consejo Europeo de Investigaciones Sociales de América Latina"). Austrian Latin America Institute The Austrian Latin America Institute ("Österreichisches Lateinamerika-Institut", LAI) is an interdisciplinary orientated organisation, aiming at intensifying dialogue and exchange between Austria and Latin America. It was founded as an association in 1965 and receives subsidies for its work in development

title: Latin America

text: in Latin America over the restrictions imposed by the Spanish government, as well as the dominance of native Spaniards (Iberian-born "Peninsulares") in the major social and political institutions. Napoleon's invasion of Spain in 1808 marked a turning point, compelling Criollo elites to form juntas that advocated independence. Also, the newly independent Haiti, the second oldest nation in the New World after the United States, further fueled the independence movement by inspiring the leaders of the movement, such as Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla of Mexico, Simón Bolívar of Venezuela and José de San Martín of Argentina, and by providing them with