query: what countries are in the baltic region?

title: Baltic Sea Region Programme

text: Baltic Sea Region Programme The Baltic Sea Region Programme 2007–2013 ("alias" INTERREG IV B programme for the Baltic Sea region) is a support programme part-financed by the :European Union and Norway. It is one of the mainstream Structural Funds programmes under the European Community’s territorial co-operation objective. The Programme will support transnational projects working together for balanced and sustainable development of the European territory. The eligible co-operation area includes EU member states Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Sweden and northern parts of Germany, as well as the neighbouring countries of Norway, north-west regions of Russia and Belarus. Strategic objective

title: Russians in the Baltic states

text: to EU monitoring and requests. Claims of discrimination in basic rights by Russians and other minorities in the region may have less effect now than they did during the years when the Baltic countries' membership applications were still pending with the EU. There are a number of political parties and politicians in the Baltic states who claim to represent the Russian-speaking minority. These parties support Russian language rights, demand citizenship for all long-term residents of Latvia and Estonia and tend to be left-wing on other issues. These forces are particularly strong in Latvia represented by the Latvian Russian Union which

title: Baltic states

text: countries in the region. All three countries are members of the European Union, and the Eurozone. They are classified as high-income economies by the World Bank and maintain high Human Development Index. Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania are also members of the OECD. Estonia adopted the euro in January 2011, Latvia in January 2014, and Lithuania in January 2015. Estonians are Finnic people, together with the neighboring Finns. The Latvians and Lithuanians, linguistically and culturally related to each other, are Baltic and Indo-European people. The peoples comprising the Baltic states have together inhabited the eastern coast of the Baltic Sea for

title: Baltic Development Forum

text: the Baltic countries Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, the Nordic countries of Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden, Northern Germany (Hansestadt Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern and Schleswig-Holstein), Northern Poland (Pomorskie, Warminsko-Mazurskie and Zachodnio-Pomorskie), and Russia's Northwestern region including Kaliningrad. The region shares many historical ties, which often are symbolized by the legacy of the Hanse around the Baltic Sea. Thus, the Baltic Sea has been the facilitator of integrative processes in more than 1000 years with more intensive periods than other. Naturally, the Cold War to a large extent hindered extended cooperation, but when the Berlin Wall fell in 1989 new strong ties

title: Baltic states

text: the 2010 Rome Masters and 2014 French Open. All three are Unitary republics, joined the European Union on 1 May 2004, share EET/EEST time zone schedules and euro currency. International peer-reviewed journals, media and book series dedicated to the Baltic region include: Official statistics of the Baltic states: Baltic states The Baltic states, also known as the Baltic countries, Baltic republics, Baltic nations or simply the Baltics (, , ), is a geopolitical term used for grouping the three sovereign states in Northern Europe on the eastern coast of the Baltic Sea: Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania. The term is not

title: Baltic University Programme

text: courses at its participating institutions and sponsors joint research projects focusing on sustainable development in the region. It is governed by an international board. Baltic University Programme The Baltic University Programme (BUP) is a network of about 225 universities and other institutes of higher education in the Baltic Sea region. It is coordinated by the Baltic University Programme Secretariat, a part of the Uppsala Centre for Sustainable Development at Uppsala University, Sweden. The participating universities are located within or partly within the Baltic Sea drainage basin, including Belarus, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, and Sweden. Countries near

title: Nordic-Baltic Eight

text: Nordic-Baltic Eight Nordic-Baltic Eight (NB8) is a regional co-operation format that includes Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Iceland, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, and Sweden. Under NB8, regular meetings are held of the Baltic and Nordic countries' Prime Ministers, Speakers of Parliaments, Foreign Ministers, branch ministers, Secretaries of State and political directors of Foreign Ministries, as well as expert consultations where regional issues and current international topics are reviewed. Historically the countries of the region have been interlinked and interacted for centuries, with mutual trade being the decisive factor facilitating this interaction. The most profound bond, however was created during the 1990s. The Nordic

title: Baltic Compass

text: the shallowness and enclosedness of the Baltic Sea make it very vulnerable. The Baltic Sea has 9 riparian countries and therefore close international cooperation as well as sectoral cooperation is needed in order to move towards healthier ecosystems in the whole Baltic Sea Region. Baltic Compass aims to reduce euthrophication through transnational approach, by increasing cooperation between the environmental and agricultural sectors in the Baltic Sea region. Baltic Compass is a Pan Baltic project with the 22 partners. They represent national authorities, interest organizations and innovation centres in Belarus, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Sweden and Russia (associated

title: Baltic Sea Region Programme

text: Norwegian national funding as well as by own contributions (co-financing) by the project partner institutions. The lead partner of BalticClimate is the Academy for Spatial Research and Planning (ARL)/ Germany. Within the project lifetime of November 2008 until April 2012 BalticClimate was implemented by twenty-three official project partner institutions and sixteen associated organisations from eight countries (Estonia, Germany, Finland, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden). The project focused on supporting regions, municipalities as well as cities in the Baltic Sea Region to pro-actively deal with the issue of climate change. BSR InnoShip is a project that seeks to increase cooperation among

title: Baltic University Programme

text: Baltic University Programme The Baltic University Programme (BUP) is a network of about 225 universities and other institutes of higher education in the Baltic Sea region. It is coordinated by the Baltic University Programme Secretariat, a part of the Uppsala Centre for Sustainable Development at Uppsala University, Sweden. The participating universities are located within or partly within the Baltic Sea drainage basin, including Belarus, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, and Sweden. Countries near the basin are also represented - Czech Republic, Norway, Slovakia, and Ukraine. The Programme, established in 1991, creates and coordinates undergraduate and master level

title: Institute of Baltic Region History and Archaeology

text: Institute of Baltic Region History and Archaeology Institute of Baltic Region History and Archaeology (, (BRIAI)) is the scholarly research subdivision of Klaipėda University. It was established in 2003, following reorganization of the former Centre for the History of Western Lithuania and Prussia, which functioned in the period 1992 to 2003 The scholars of the Institute are involved in the research of changes in prehistoric and historic societies and cultures within the Baltic region by applying diverse scientific theories and methodologies. In their research activities, the staff of Centre for the History of Western Lithuania and Prussia focused upon investigation

title: Russians in the Baltic states

text: formulate new policies, including in the areas of citizenship and language. Some of the Baltic Russians, mainly those who had come to live in the region not long before the three countries regained independence in 1991, remigrated to Russia and other ex-Soviet countries in the early 1990s. Lithuania, which had been influenced by immigration the least, granted citizenship automatically. In Latvia and Estonia, those who had no family ties to Latvia prior to World War II did not receive automatic citizenship. Those that failed to request Russian citizenship during the time window it was offered were granted permanent residency ""non-citizen""

title: Baltic states

text: Baltic states The Baltic states, also known as the Baltic countries, Baltic republics, Baltic nations or simply the Baltics (, , ), is a geopolitical term used for grouping the three sovereign states in Northern Europe on the eastern coast of the Baltic Sea: Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania. The term is not used in the context of cultural areas, national identity, or language. The three countries do not form an official union, but engage in intergovernmental and parliamentary cooperation. All three countries are members of the European Union, NATO and the eurozone. They are classified as high-income economies by the

title: Baltic states

text: troops from the region (starting from Lithuania) in August 1993. The last Russian troops were withdrawn from there in August 1994. Skrunda-1, the last Russian military radar in the Baltics, officially suspended operations in August 1998. The Baltic countries are located in Northern Europe, and because each has access to the sea, it is able to interact with many European countries. All three countries are parliamentary democracies, which have unicameral parliaments that are elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms – Riigikogu in Estonia, Saeima in Latvia and Seimas in Lithuania. In Latvia and Estonia, the president is elected

title: Baltic Ice Lake

text: southern Baltic region from melt water as the ice retreated northward. These were about above the current sea level. By 12,000 BP the edge of the glacier was at a line across southern Sweden to the northern shore of the Baltic countries. A connected body of water, the Ramsay Sea, stretched from the Danish islands region to the shores of Estonia. The Gulfs of Bothnia and Finland were still glaciated, as well as nearly all of Sweden north of Scania. In the Allerød warm period, rising land in the Denmark region created the Baltic Ice Lake. It egressed through a

title: Russians in the Baltic states

text: Baltic region to gain citizenship. As a result, the tests were altered, but a large percentage of Russians in Latvia and Estonia still have non-citizen or alien status. Those who have not applied for citizenship feel they are regarded with suspicion, under the perception that they are deliberately avoiding naturalisation. For many, an important reason not to apply for citizenship is the fact that Russia gives non-citizens preferential treatment: they are free to work or visit relatives in Russia. The citizens of the Baltic states must apply for visas. The language issue is still contentious, particularly in Latvia, where there

title: Baltic states

text: camps. (See June deportation, Soviet deportations from Estonia, Sovietization of the Baltic states) The Soviet control of the Baltic states was interrupted by Nazi German invasion of this region in 1941. Initially, many Estonians, Latvians, and Lithuanians considered the Germans as liberators from the Soviet Union. The Baltic countries hoped for the restoration of independence, but instead the Germans established civil administration, known as the Reichskommissariat Ostland. During the occupation the Germans carried out discrimination, mass deportations and mass killings generating Baltic resistance movements (see German occupation of the Baltic states during World War II). Over 190,000 Lithuanian Jews, nearly

text: of the institute: Assoc. Professor, Dr Alvydas Nikžentaitis in 1992–1993, Assoc. Professor, Dr Vladas Žulkus in 1993–1998, Professor Stephen Christopher Rowell, PhD (Cantab.) in 1998–1999, Dr Vacys Vaivada in 1999–2001, Professor, Dr Habil. Vladas Žulkus in 2001–2002, Dr Silva Pocytė since 2002. Institute of Baltic Region History and Archaeology Institute of Baltic Region History and Archaeology (, (BRIAI)) is the scholarly research subdivision of Klaipėda University. It was established in 2003, following reorganization of the former Centre for the History of Western Lithuania and Prussia, which functioned in the period 1992 to 2003 The scholars of the Institute are involved

title: Baltic Sea

text: of the Baltic states and Poland, the Baltic Sea has been almost entirely surrounded by countries of the European Union (EU). The only remaining non-EU shore areas are Russian: the Saint Petersburg area and the exclave of the Kaliningrad Oblast. Winter storms begin arriving in the region during October. These have caused numerous shipwrecks, and contributed to the extreme difficulties of rescuing passengers of the ferry "M/S Estonia" en route from Tallinn, Estonia, to Stockholm, Sweden, in September 1994, which claimed the lives of 852 people. Older, wood-based shipwrecks such as the "Vasa" tend to remain well-preserved, as the Baltic's

title: Russians in the Baltic states

text: of Visaginas was built for workers at the Ignalina nuclear power plant and therefore has a Russian majority. A 2014 study found that many Russians identified with the place where they lived. After the accession of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania to the European Union on 1 May 2004, many Baltic Russians moved to other EU countries. In particular, tens of thousands of Baltic Russians (especially those with EU citizenship) moved to the United Kingdom and to Ireland, who were the first 'old' EU countries to open up their labour markets to the new members of the EU. Thousands of Russians

title: Baltic Assembly Prize for Literature, the Arts and Science

text: consisting of three persons per prize make the decision on whom to award the prize. The purpose of the award is according to the Baltic Assembly to "demonstrate the common interests of the countries in this region in upholding of their national identity and self-esteem; create an opportunity to learn about the achievements of the neighbouring countries; maintain a continuous interest among the people in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania about developments in the Baltic States; strengthen cooperation among the Baltic States in the fields of literature, the arts and science; encourage more and more people to become interested in the

title: Baltic Robinson

text: Baltic Robinson Baltic Robinson was a popular television show that aired in the Baltic region of Europe from 2000 to 2004 and was the first pan regional edition of "Robinson", or "Survivor" as it is referred to in some countries. During its five-year (four season) run, the show was hosted by Emil Rutiku for Estonian, Vytautas Kernagis for Lithuanian and Pauls Timrots for Latvian audience. Due to the show's success, at least one contestant, Kristīne Koļadina, was given her own spin-off show which aired and was popular with viewers in her home country of Latvia. The name alludes to both

title: Euroregion Baltic

text: Establishing the Euroregion 'Baltic' was signed by representatives of regions from six countries including: the Bornholm County (Denmark), Liepāja (Latvia), Klaipeda County, cities of Klaipeda, Palanga and Neringa (Lithuania), Elbląg, Gdańsk, Słupsk and Olsztyn provinces, (Poland), representatives of the Association of Municipalities of Kaliningrad Region (Russia), Blekinge City and Kalmar County and Kronoberg County (Sweden). The first ERB conference on the Strategy took place in Brussels on 11 June 2008 and was attended by representatives of the European Parliament, Swedish Government, DG Regio, Committee of the Regions, Baltic Development Forum, ScanBalt, Helsinki Commission and Baltic Sea Chambers of Commerce Association.

title: Russians in the Baltic states

text: of using the issue for political purposes. In recent years, as the Russian political leaders have begun to speak about the "former Soviet space" as their sphere of influence, such claims are a source of annoyance, if not alarm, in the Baltic countries. Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania have since 2004 become members of NATO and the European Union (EU) to provide a counterbalance to Russia's claims to speak for the interests of ethnic Russian residents of these countries. Furthermore, to satisfy a precondition for their admission to the EU, both Estonia and Latvia slightly adjusted their citizenship policies in response

title: Baltic knighthoods

text: Baltic knighthoods Baltic Noble Corporations of Courland, Livonia, Estonia, and Oesel (Ösel) were medieval fiefdoms formed by German nobles in the 13th century under vassalage to the Teutonic Knights and Denmark in modern Latvia and Estonia. The territories continued to have semi-autonomous status from 16th to early 20th century under Swedish and Russian rule. The four knighthoods are united in the "Verband der Baltischen Ritterschaften." The Teutonic Knights entered the area of what is now Latvia and Estonia in the beginning of the 13th century in order to Christianize the region. After the conquest much of the Order's land was

title: Nordic-Baltic Eight

text: the Baltic and Nordic countries have developed a cohesive network of cooperation activities in political, military, economic, environmental, cultural and other aspects. After double the EU and NATO enlargement in 2004 the cooperation is becoming closer thereby activating the vast potential for development in the Baltic Sea region. Several examples of such evolved cooperation is the work of NB8 Task Force against Trafficking in Human Beings and the creation of the common Nordic – Baltic education and research area. On 17 August 2010 the financial supervisory authorities, central banks finance ministries and other relevant ministries of Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Iceland,

title: Union of the Baltic Cities

text: formal institutions established to bolster the Baltic as a cohesive region within Europe. The city of Kalmar in Sweden took the initiative in founding the organization, but Gdańsk was chosen as the organization's headquarters to emphasize the desire to break down historic barriers between Western and Eastern Europe. Anders Engström, who was in office from 1999 to 2001, was the first President of the UBC. Since 2001 the office has been held by Per Bødker Andersen. The Union states its aims are to: In 2014 the Union comprised over 100 cities from ten countries: Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania,

title: Baltic psaltery

text: basis. Baltic psaltery Baltic psaltery is a family of related plucked box zithers historically found in the south east vicinity of the Baltic Sea and played by the Baltic people, Finnic people, Volga Finns and northwestern Russians. Baltic psalteries include: The internationally most known instrument of the family is Finnish kantele, so its name is sometimes used in English to also refer to the rest of the Baltic psalteries. Many of the Baltic psalteries hold a strong symbolic significance in their respective countries, including Finland, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia and Russia, where playing instruction and instrument makers are available. According to

title: Baltic psaltery

text: Baltic psaltery Baltic psaltery is a family of related plucked box zithers historically found in the south east vicinity of the Baltic Sea and played by the Baltic people, Finnic people, Volga Finns and northwestern Russians. Baltic psalteries include: The internationally most known instrument of the family is Finnish kantele, so its name is sometimes used in English to also refer to the rest of the Baltic psalteries. Many of the Baltic psalteries hold a strong symbolic significance in their respective countries, including Finland, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia and Russia, where playing instruction and instrument makers are available. According to Finnish

title: Baltic Germans

text: Baltic Germans The Baltic Germans ( or , later ) are ethnic German inhabitants of the eastern shores of the Baltic Sea, in what today are Estonia and Latvia. Since their expulsion from Estonia and Latvia and resettlement during the upheavals and aftermath of the Second World War, Baltic Germans have markedly declined as a geographically determined ethnic group. The largest groups of present-day descendants of the Baltic Germans are found in Germany and Canada. It is estimated that several thousand still reside in Latvia and Estonia. For centuries Baltic Germans and the Baltic nobility constituted a ruling class over

title: Baltic Beverages Holding

text: in Estonia. It makes a wide range of pale lagers, such as the very popular Saku Originaal, and a few stronger and darker lagers. Since 2008, Saku has been 100% owned by the Carlsberg Group. Baltic Beverages Holding Baltic Beverages Holding is a brewing company owned by Carlsberg Group. It is a significant operator in the brewing industry in Russia, Ukraine, the Baltic countries and Kazakhstan, most notably holding a controlling stake in Baltika Breweries. The company markets a range of beer brands from 19 breweries, ten of which are in Russia, four in the Baltic countries, three in Ukraine,

title: Baltic Germans

text: the "Freikorps" movement) during the Russian Civil War. Baltic Germans The Baltic Germans ( or , later ) are ethnic German inhabitants of the eastern shores of the Baltic Sea, in what today are Estonia and Latvia. Since their expulsion from Estonia and Latvia and resettlement during the upheavals and aftermath of the Second World War, Baltic Germans have markedly declined as a geographically determined ethnic group. The largest groups of present-day descendants of the Baltic Germans are found in Germany and Canada. It is estimated that several thousand still reside in Latvia and Estonia. For centuries Baltic Germans and

title: Nordic-Baltic Eight

text: missions abroad. The Memorandum made it easier for the Nordic and Baltic countries to maintain a diplomatic presence around the world by enabling flexible and cost-effective solutions. This reinforced diplomatic cooperation coincided with the twentieth anniversary of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania regaining their freedom and re-establishing diplomatic relations with other countries. The memorandum regulates the diplomatic and practical aspects of posting diplomats to the mission abroad of another Nordic or Baltic country. Since 1 May 2004, six Nordic and Baltic countries (Denmark, Sweden, Finland, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania) are the European Union members. Regular informal NB6 Prime Ministers’ meetings on

title: Sovietization of the Baltic states

text: States, Australia, Switzerland). Members of Estonian, Latvian and Lithuanian diplomatic services in Western countries continued to formulate and express the official opinion of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, and protected the interests of these countries and their citizens abroad between 1940–1991, i.e., until the restoration of independence of the Baltic States. The Soviet Union reoccupied the Baltic states as part of the Baltic Offensive in 1944, a twofold military-political operation to rout German forces and the "liberation of the Soviet Baltic peoples" beginning in summer-autumn 1944, lasting until the capitulation of German and Latvian forces in Courland pocket in May 1945.

title: Nordic-Baltic Eight

text: Latvia, Lithuania, Norway and Sweden have signed a cross-border agreement on financial stability. The Nordic-Baltic Cooperation Agreement on Cross-border Financial Stability enhanced cooperation by establishing routines and procedures for information sharing and coordination. The aim is to reduce the risk of a financial crisis spreading cross-border, and to enhance possibilities to reach an efficient crisis management. By signing the agreement, the public authorities in the Nordic and Baltic countries increase their preparedness to handle problems in cross-border banks. The NB8 countries are jointly represented in the World Bank and International Monetary Fund. The Baltic states are members of the Nordic

title: Baltic Germans

text: to further reconcile the Baltic Germans with these two countries. Cooperation between Baltic German societies and the governments of Estonia and Latvia has made the restoration of many small Baltic German plaques and landmarks possible, such as monuments to those who fought in the 1918–1920 War of Independence. Since 1989, many elderly Baltic Germans, or their descendants, have taken holidays to Estonia and Latvia to look for traces of their own past, their ancestral homes, and their family histories. Most of the remaining manor houses have new owners, operate as hotels and are open to public. Baltic Germans played leading

title: Occupation of the Baltic states

text: Russian soldier left the region that month, marking a symbolic end to the Russian military presence on Baltic soil. In the years following the reestablishment of Baltic independence, tensions have remained between indigenous Balts and Russian speaking settlers in Estonia and Latvia. While requirements for getting citizenship in the Baltic states are relatively liberal, a lack of attention to the rights of Russian-speaking and stateless individuals in the Baltic states has been noted by some experts, whereas all international organisations agree that no forms of systematic discrimination towards the Russian-speaking and often stateless population can be observed. In 1993 Estonia

title: Russians in the Baltic states

text: entitled to vote. Famous modern Baltic Russians include: Russians in the Baltic states Russians in the Baltic states describes self-identifying ethnic Russians and other primary Russian-speaking communities in Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania, commonly referred to collectively as the Baltic states. In 2017, there were 0.9 million ethnic Russians in the Baltic States, having declined from 1.7 million in 1989, the year of the last census during the Soviet era. Most of the present-day Baltic Russians are migrants from the Soviet era and their descendants, though a relatively small fraction of them can trace their ancestry in the area back to

title: Russians in the Baltic states

text: from Riga, Tallinn and Vilnius, holding EU passports, now live in London, Dublin and other cities in the UK and Ireland. They make up a substantial part of the Russian-speaking community in London. No reliable statistics on their exact numbers exist, as in the UK they are counted as nationals of the Baltic countries, and not as Russians. In 2012, Dimitri Medvedev issued a repatriation program designed to resettle ethnic Russians from abroad. So far 10,000 families have settled in the Russian Federation, mostly to Pskov Oblast. After regaining independence in 1991, Latvia and Estonia restored the pre-1940 citizenship laws

title: Russians in the Baltic states

text: Russians in the Baltic states Russians in the Baltic states describes self-identifying ethnic Russians and other primary Russian-speaking communities in Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania, commonly referred to collectively as the Baltic states. In 2017, there were 0.9 million ethnic Russians in the Baltic States, having declined from 1.7 million in 1989, the year of the last census during the Soviet era. Most of the present-day Baltic Russians are migrants from the Soviet era and their descendants, though a relatively small fraction of them can trace their ancestry in the area back to previous centuries. According to official statistics, in 1920,

title: British campaign in the Baltic (1918–19)

text: Bolshevism, to protect Britain's interests, and to extend the freedom of the seas. The situation in the Baltic states in the aftermath of World War I was chaotic. The Russian Empire had collapsed and Bolshevik Red Army, pro-independence, and pro-German forces were fighting across the region. Riga had been occupied by the German army in 1917 and German Freikorps and Baltic-German Landeswehr units were still active in the area. Estonia had established a national army with the support of Finnish volunteers and were defending against the 7th Red Army's attack. The Russian Baltic Fleet was the key naval force available

title: Baltic Way

text: the Supreme Soviets took place in all three Baltic states and pro-independence candidates won majorities. On 11 March 1990, within seven months of the Baltic Way, Lithuania became the first Soviet state to declare independence. The independence of all three Baltic states was recognised by most western countries by the end of 1991. This protest was one of the earliest and longest unbroken human chains in history. Similar human chains were later organised in many East European countries and regions of the USSR and, more recently, in Taiwan (228 Hand-in-Hand Rally) and Catalonia (Catalan Way). Documents recording the Baltic Way

title: Baltic–Soviet relations

text: the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, which included secret protocols dividing eastern Europe into "spheres of influence", with Latvia and Estonia falling within the Soviets' sphere. A later amendment to the secret protocols placed Lithuania within the Soviets' sphere. In June 1940, the Soviet Union invaded the Baltic countries and annexed those countries as the Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic, Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic and Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic. In 1941, as part of Operation Barbarossa, Germany invaded the Baltic countries, subsequently administered under Germany's Ostland until 1944. In 1944, the Soviet Union re-invaded the Baltic states. The territories of Baltic states remained under

title: Baltic states

text: World Bank and maintain high Human Development Index. Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania are also members of the OECD. The term "Baltic" stems from the name of the Baltic Sea – a hydronym dating back to the 11th century (Adam of Bremen mentioned ) and earlier. Although there are several theories about its origin, most ultimately trace it to Indo-European root *"bhel" meaning "white, fair". This meaning is retained in modern Baltic languages, where "baltas" (in Lithuanian) and "balts" (in Latvian) mean "white". However the modern names of the region and the sea, that originate from this root, were not used

title: Nordic-Baltic Eight

text: in 2015 - in High Tatras at Štrbské Pleso, Slovakia. In 2016, the meeting was held on the shore of the Baltic Sea in the city of Jūrmala, Latvia. In 2017, the meeting is planned to take place in spring in Poland. Nordic-Baltic Eight Nordic-Baltic Eight (NB8) is a regional co-operation format that includes Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Iceland, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, and Sweden. Under NB8, regular meetings are held of the Baltic and Nordic countries' Prime Ministers, Speakers of Parliaments, Foreign Ministers, branch ministers, Secretaries of State and political directors of Foreign Ministries, as well as expert consultations where regional

title: Baltic Sea Region Programme

text: the countries of the Baltic Sea Region to reduce ship and port emissions, and increase competitiveness in the marine industry. It is an environmentalist project led by the Baltic Institute of Finland. The project's aims are in line with the International Maritime Organization's recommendations to reduce sulphur oxide (SOx) and nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions from ships in the Baltic Sea progressively by 2015. These two oxides are the main cause of eutrophication, which is an environmental effect that limits water nutrients and endangers sea life. The new Tier III for NOx emission standard's goal is 80% lower in comparison with

title: Nordic-Baltic Eight

text: will be called NB8. Nordic-Baltic community is one of the three main communities in Northern Europe: these are Nordic, Baltic and Baltic Sea Region. The Nordic - Baltic region has some 33 million inhabitants, and a combined GDP of close to US$2.0 trillion, which makes it the tenth‐largest population and fifth‐largest economy in Europe. Furthermore, the region features relatively low levels of corruption; with the Nordic countries some of the least corrupt countries in the world. Also, the countries of the region place well in various international freedom rankings, with several of the states at the absolute top. The Nordic‐Baltic

title: Baltic Sea Region Programme

text: Tier I, whereas marine fuel cannot exceed SOx level of 0.1% which should be enough to revert the current situation of the Baltic Sea Region by 2040. BSR InnoShip is financed by Interreg's Baltic Sea Region Programme. Baltic Sea Region Programme The Baltic Sea Region Programme 2007–2013 ("alias" INTERREG IV B programme for the Baltic Sea region) is a support programme part-financed by the :European Union and Norway. It is one of the mainstream Structural Funds programmes under the European Community’s territorial co-operation objective. The Programme will support transnational projects working together for balanced and sustainable development of the European

title: Nordic-Baltic Eight

text: countries also do well in surveys that measure the ease of doing business and creating new companies. The Human Development Index places many of the countries in the region among the most developed in the world. The Nordic-Baltic region is diverse, with a wealth of natural and cultural heritage, communities, destinations and resources. The region hosts a total of 42 World Heritage sites that are experiencing increasing pressures from tourism. The Baltic states are described as three fascinating states that have glorious beaches along an extensive coastline, mediaeval old towns, and beautiful natural scenery, whereas Nordic countries own spectacular scenery

title: Baltic 21

text: well as local, city and business networks. The Baltic 21 network brings together people who are active in sectors including agriculture, education, energy, fisheries, forests, industry, tourism, transport and spatial planning. The Baltic 21 process is steered, coordinated and monitored by the Senior Officials Group (SOG) consisting of representatives of the member countries, organizations and institutions. Baltic 21 Baltic 21 is a plan to cooperate on implementing regional sustainable development. It is managed by the Council of the Baltic Sea States (CBSS). The mission of Baltic 21 is to contribute towards advancing sustainable development in the Baltic Sea Region by

title: Baltic Sea Region Programme

text: of the programme is to make the Baltic Sea region an attractive place to invest, work and live in. Project partners (public or public-like institutions) form partnerships to look for joint solutions to common problems & challenges. The projects will contribute to the following priorities: BalticClimate is the acronym for the project "Baltic Challenges and Chances for local and regional development generated by Climate Change". It was approved in October 2008 in the first Call of the "Baltic Sea Region Programme 2007–2013", a programme financed from the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), the European Neighbourhood and Partnership Instrument (ENPI), the

title: Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference

text: countries of the Baltic Sea Region. Members and Observers: StPetersburg,Kaliningrad，Ｋａｒｅｌｉａ，Ｌｅｎｉｎｇｒａｄ Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference The Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference (BSPC) was established in 1991 as a forum for political dialogue between parliamentarians from the Baltic Sea Region. BSPC aims at raising awareness and opinion on issues of current political interest and relevance for the Baltic Sea Region. It promotes and drives various initiatives and efforts to support a sustainable environmental, social and economic development of the Baltic Sea Region. It strives at enhancing the visibility of the Baltic Sea Region and its issues in a wider European context. BSPC external

title: Baltic Sea Academy

text: EU Commissioner Günther Oettinger or in 2012 EU Commissioner Algirdas Šemeta. Following the conferences, presentations, academic papers and discussions are published in a book by the Baltic Sea Academy. The Baltic Sea Academy publishes peer-reviewed papers from conferences and strategic programs on an irregular basis. So far the following publications have been printed: Baltic Sea Academy The Baltic Sea Academy is a network of 15 universities from 9 countries bordering the Baltic Sea region. It was initiated by the Hanseatic Parliament and established as a nonprofit organization association in February 2010 . The common objective is to bridge the gap

title: Baltic 21

text: Baltic 21 Baltic 21 is a plan to cooperate on implementing regional sustainable development. It is managed by the Council of the Baltic Sea States (CBSS). The mission of Baltic 21 is to contribute towards advancing sustainable development in the Baltic Sea Region by coordinating goals and activities, and by serving as a forum for cooperation across borders and between stakeholder groups. Initiated by the Prime Ministers of the Baltic Sea countries in 1996, Baltic 21 is a regional expression of the global Agenda 21 adopted by the United Nations “Earth Summit.” In June 2016, the CBSS updated the plan

title: Baltic states

text: disuse until reappearing as adjective "Baltisch" in German from which it was adopted in other languages. During 19th century "Baltic" started to surpass "Ostsee" as the name for the region. Officially its Russian equivalent "Прибалтийский" was first used in 1859. This process was a result of the Baltic German elite adopting terms derived from stem "Baltic" to refer to themselves. The term "Baltic states" was, until the early 20th century, used in the context of countries neighbouring the Baltic Sea – Namely Sweden and Denmark, sometimes also Germany and the Russian Empire. With the advent of Foreningen Norden, the term

title: Occupation of the Baltic states

text: assistance treaties between the countries. Pressure from working people forced the governments of the Baltic countries to accept this suggestion. The Pacts of Mutual Assistance were then signed which allowed the USSR to station a limited number of Red Army units in the Baltic countries. Economic difficulties and dissatisfaction of the populace with the Baltic governments' policies that had sabotaged fulfilment of the Pact and the Baltic countries governments' political orientation towards Germany led to a revolutionary situation in June, 1940. To guarantee fulfilment of the Pact additional military units entered Baltic countries, welcomed by the workers who demanded the

title: Euroregion Baltic

text: The participants had the opportunity to hear about the Strategy in more detail while it was still being developed and contribute to the process with their views. On 20 November 2008 the Euroregion Baltic Council adopted a position on the EU Strategy for the Baltic Sea Region in which it welcomed and supported its main objectives and areas of activity. Currently the Euroregion Baltic includes eight regions from five countries. Following the implementation of the strategic review of ERB cooperation, the organisational structure has been significantly reformed in order for the ERB to be able to fulfil the new objectives

title: Baltic Robinson

text: become individual. At the end of each show one contestant is eliminated from the show by the others in a secret "island council" ballot. Baltic Robinson Baltic Robinson was a popular television show that aired in the Baltic region of Europe from 2000 to 2004 and was the first pan regional edition of "Robinson", or "Survivor" as it is referred to in some countries. During its five-year (four season) run, the show was hosted by Emil Rutiku for Estonian, Vytautas Kernagis for Lithuanian and Pauls Timrots for Latvian audience. Due to the show's success, at least one contestant, Kristīne Koļadina,

title: Baltic Sea Academy

text: Baltic Sea Academy The Baltic Sea Academy is a network of 15 universities from 9 countries bordering the Baltic Sea region. It was initiated by the Hanseatic Parliament and established as a nonprofit organization association in February 2010 . The common objective is to bridge the gap between the small and medium-sized companies (SMEs) and the academic world. The Baltic Sea Academy is actively supporting companies with concrete R&D solutions, but is also creating and implementing tailor made curricula for SMEs. The promotion of innovative solutions for SMEs is a priority for the realised R&D tasks, with regards to the

title: Sovietization of the Baltic states

text: at least 75,000 were sent to Gulag. 10 percent of the entire adult Baltic population was deported or sent to labor camps, effectively breaking the back of the insurgency. After World War II, as part of the goal to more fully integrate Baltic countries into the Soviet Union, mass deportations were concluded in the Baltic countries and the policy of encouraging Soviet immigration to the Baltic states continued. In July 1989, following the dramatic events in East Germany (the fall of the Berlin Wall), the Supreme Soviets of the Baltic countries adopted a "Declaration of Sovereignties" and amended the Constitutions

title: Freikorps in the Baltic

text: state by Kaiser Wilhelm II on September 22, 1918, half a year after the newly Soviet Russia had formally relinquished all authority over its former Imperial Baltic provinces in the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk. On November 5, 1918, a temporary Regency Council ("Regentschaftsrat") for the United Baltic Duchy, led by Baron Adolf Pilar von Pilchau, was formed on a joint basis from the two local Land Councils. Under the terms of the November 11, 1918 Armistice the German Army was required to withdraw its troops from all other countries on a timetable established by the Allied Control Commission. As elsewhere, pro-socialist

title: Council of the Baltic Sea States

text: in all policy sectors, integrating economic, social and environmental aspects; To promote sustainable and green technologies and initiatives in order to protect the ecosystem and biodiversity of the Baltic Sea region; Safe and Secure Region Goal: To enhance societal security and safety in the Baltic Sea Region and to ensure that people of the Region are protected from and resilient to violence, accidents and emergencies through preparedness, and safeguarded against harm caused by criminal exploitation and human trafficking; Objectives: To counteract all forms of trafficking in human beings, in the Baltic Sea Region via preventive and protective activities and projects

title: Baltic Development Forum

text: University of Aarhus (1990) and an MA in History and Philosophy from the University of Essex, UK (1990). The mission of Baltic Development Forum is to promote the Baltic Sea Region as an integrated, prosperous and internationally competitive growth region, to position the Baltic Sea Region in the EU and on the global map. Baltic Development Forum has consolidated its position as internationally recognized think-tank and networking organization that wants to inspire and challenge national and international decision-makers within business and government in the Baltic Sea Region. The Region’s potential and challenges are highlighted at the Summit as an important

title: Baltic Robinson 2004

text: Baltic Robinson 2004 Baltic Robinson: 2004 (also known as Jungle Star) was the fourth version of "Expedition Robinson" (known as "Survivor" in certain countries) to be filmed and aired in the Baltic region. The season aired from September, 2004 until December 18, 2004 and is based upon a format originally devised by the now-defunct British production company, Planet 24. The central premise of the 2004 edition was the sole participation of celebrity contestants. Other changes that were made involved a filming period of 15 days (unlike the 30-day duration of preceding seasons) and the division of the contestants into two

title: Nordic-Baltic Eight

text: Council first contacted Baltic parliamentarians in around 1989. Official co-operation began in November 1991, when the Nordic Council attended the inaugural meeting of the Baltic Assembly in Tallinn. A formal co-operation agreement between the Nordic Council and the Baltic Assembly was signed in 1992. The Nordic countries were amongst the strongest supporters of the Baltic countries' independence and later they were the first to open their borders, introducing visa-free regimes with the Baltic countries. When Baltic countries regained their independence and during their integration into the European and transatlantic structures, they were strongly supported by their Nordic neighbors. The Nordic-Baltic

title: Baltic Compass

text: farmers will be better access to decision support when investing for future businesses in the sensitive Baltic ecosystems – independently in which Baltic Sea Region country. Baltic Compass is regarded as a strategic level project by the financier the Baltic Sea Region Programme 2007-2013 for its contributions to investments and policy environments. The project will in a practical manner encompass the political ideas of the HELCOM Baltic Sea Action Plan and the EU Strategy for the Baltic Sea Region. Baltic Compass will run from December 2009 to December 2012. Baltic Compass Baltic Compass is a transnational project which aims to

title: Baltic Compass

text: Baltic Compass Baltic Compass is a transnational project which aims to reinforce connection between landuse, environment and agriculture, leading to healthier ecosystems and a more competitive Baltic Sea region. The name Baltic Compass comes from the letters from the whole name of the project: Comprehensive Policy Actions and Investments in Sustainable Solutions in Agriculture in the Baltic Sea Region. Baltic Compass aims to find ways how the agricultural sector in the Baltic Sea Region can produce the daily food required by the region’s 90 million inhabitants and at the same time preserve the Baltic Sea. The large catchment area and

title: Baltic Beverages Holding

text: Baltic Beverages Holding Baltic Beverages Holding is a brewing company owned by Carlsberg Group. It is a significant operator in the brewing industry in Russia, Ukraine, the Baltic countries and Kazakhstan, most notably holding a controlling stake in Baltika Breweries. The company markets a range of beer brands from 19 breweries, ten of which are in Russia, four in the Baltic countries, three in Ukraine, one in Kazakhstan and one in Uzbekistan. The company was a 50-50 joint venture between Carlsberg and Scottish & Newcastle prior to Carlsberg's April 2008 acquisition of S&N. A Harvard Business School case study was

title: Geology of the Baltic Sea

text: Geology of the Baltic Sea The Geology of the Baltic Sea is characterized by having areas located both at the Baltic Shield of the East European Craton and the Danish-North German-Polish Caledonides. There is a distinction between what is the current Baltic Sea depression, formed in the Cenozoic Era, and the much older sedimentary basins whose sediments are preserved in the zone. Although glacial erosion has contributed to shape the present depression, the Baltic trough is largely a depression of tectonic origin that existed long before the Quaternary glaciation. The Baltic Sea sedimentary basin was formed on top of the

title: Baltic Sea

text: provides for navigation of large ships into and out of the Baltic Sea. The Baltic Sea is the main trade route for export of Russian petroleum. Many of the countries neighboring the Baltic Sea have been concerned about this, since a major oil leak in a seagoing tanker would be disastrous for the Baltic—given the slow exchange of water. The tourism industry surrounding the Baltic Sea is naturally concerned about oil pollution. Much shipbuilding is carried out in the shipyards around the Baltic Sea. The largest shipyards are at Gdańsk, Gdynia, and Szczecin, Poland; Kiel, Germany; Karlskrona and Malmö, Sweden;

title: What Are Words (album)

text: What Are Words (album) What Are Words is the debut album of the American singer Chris Medina. The album was released by Sony Music contains 11 pop-rock songs, some of them sensitive ballads, others more energetic and rocking. Album included the title track "What Are Words", a touching track inspired by Chris Medina's fiancé who had a serious brain injury after a car accident in 2009. Although "What Are Words" was only a minor hit in the United States, it was a big hit in Scandinavian countries topping both Norwegian "VG-lista" Singles Chart and the Swedish "Sverigetopplistan" Singles Chart. It

title: Occupation of the Baltic states

text: the descendants of deportees, as stated in Opinion No. 193 (1996), paragraph 7.xii, to settle these issues as quickly as possible..." The Russian government and state officials maintain now that the Soviet annexation of the Baltic states was legitimate and that the Soviet Union liberated the countries from the Nazis. They assert that the Soviet troops initially entered the Baltic countries in 1940 following agreements and the consent of the Baltic governments. Their position is that the USSR was not in a state of war or engaged in combat activities on the territories of the three Baltic states, therefore, the

title: Sovietization of the Baltic states

text: to assert the supremacy of their own laws over those of the USSR. Candidates from the pro-independence party Popular Fronts gained majority in the Supreme Councils in 1990 democratic elections. The Councils declared their intention to restore full independence. Soviet political and military forces tried unsuccessfully to overthrow the governments. In 1991, Baltic countries claimed de facto independence. International recognition, including that of the USSR, followed. The United States, which had never recognized forcible annexation of the Baltic countries by the USSR, resumed full diplomatic relations with the republics. Sovietization of the Baltic states The Sovietization of the Baltic states

title: Baltic mythology

text: and their father are two goddesses; the personified Sun, "Saule" (Latvian 'sun') and "Saules meita" (Latvian 'Sun's daughter'). Baltic mythology Baltic mythology is the body of mythology of the Baltic people stemming from Baltic paganism and continuing after Christianization and into Baltic folklore. Baltic mythology ultimately stems from Proto-Indo-European mythology. The Baltic region was one of the last regions of Europe to be Christianized, a process that occurred from the 15th century and into at least a century after. While no native texts survive detailing the mythology of the Baltic peoples during the pagan period, knowledge of the mythology may

title: Nordic countries

text: zones. To the east the region borders Russia, and on the west the Canadian coastline can be seen from Greenland on a clear day. Even excluding Greenland and the Norwegian islands of Svalbard and Jan Mayen, the remaining part of the Nordic countries covers around 1.3 million square kilometres. This is about the same area as France, Germany and Italy together. To the south, the countries neighbor the Baltic states, Poland, Germany and the United Kingdom, while to the north there is the Arctic Ocean. Notable natural features of the Nordic countries include the Norwegian fjords, the Archipelago Sea between

title: Geology of the Baltic Sea

text: wells have revealed the existence of petroleum of Lower Paleozoic age beneath Gotland. Bibliography Geology of the Baltic Sea The Geology of the Baltic Sea is characterized by having areas located both at the Baltic Shield of the East European Craton and the Danish-North German-Polish Caledonides. There is a distinction between what is the current Baltic Sea depression, formed in the Cenozoic Era, and the much older sedimentary basins whose sediments are preserved in the zone. Although glacial erosion has contributed to shape the present depression, the Baltic trough is largely a depression of tectonic origin that existed long before

title: Baltic Romani

text: Baltic Romani Baltic Romani is group of dialects of the Romani language spoken in the Baltic states and adjoining regions of Poland and Russia. Half of the speakers live in Poland. It also called Balt Romani, Balt Slavic Romani, Baltic Slavic Romani, and Roma. Romani began as an Indo-European language, which morphed into an Indo-Iranian language, and then into an Indo-Aryan language. After that the Romani language broke down into Balkan Romani and Central Romani. Baltic Romani came from the Central Romani dialect which branches off into other dialects. There are a total of around 35,000 users in all countries.

title: History of urban centers in the Low Countries

text: Antwerp; though still playing an important role. In the East of the Low Countries, a number of towns aligned themselves with the Hanseatic cities, who controlled the trade in and around the Baltic Sea. This sparked a sudden economic boom for these cities; principally Zutphen, Kampen, Deventer, Elburg, Doesburg, Zwolle and their immediate surroundings. The boom was relatively short, as Hollandic, Flemish and English merchants tried (and eventually succeeded in) breaking open the Baltic trade; thereby ending the Hanseatic monopoly which earned its members their wealth. Because of the comparatively short time of economic prosperity, these cities are notably smaller

title: Nordic-Baltic Eight

text: co-operation took place in various levels: networking and cooperation were established among politicians, civil servants and civil societies. The Nordic countries actively assisted the Baltic countries in their preparations for integration into the European Union and NATO. Named as 5+3 in the beginning of cooperation (five Nordic countries plus three Baltic States), the format changed its name and scope of cooperation. During the meeting of the Ministers of Foreign Affairs of the Baltic States and Nordic Countries on 30 August 2000 in Middelfart (Denmark), the Ministers decided that the meetings of the Ministers of the Baltic States and Nordic Countries

title: Vitebsk Region

text: lakes. The largest lakes of the Vitebsk Region are: Osveyskoye (2nd largest in Belarus), Lukomskoye (4th largest), Drivyaty(5th largest in Belarus and the largest of Braslav Lakes), Nescherdo, Snudy, Lisno, Ezerische, Strusto, Richi, Losvido, Lepelskoye. The region has more national parks, nature reserves, and wildlife preserves of national importance than any other region of Belarus. Braslav Lakes and Naroch National Parks and Berezinski Biosphere Reserve comprise 3,4% of the whole region's territory, and 22 wildlife preserves of national importance make up 4,1% of the region. Vitebsk Region has a number of important transport connections with Russia, Ukraine, the Baltic countries,

title: State continuity of the Baltic states

text: that also recognised the incorporation of the Baltic states "de jure"; 4. countries that have not expressed their position in any way. 5. countries under communist rule recognized the annexation as Soviet republics legal. Countries that had gained independence after World War II and did not make any special statements about the issue of the Baltic states when they negotiated diplomatic relations with the Soviet Union (implicitly) recognised the incorporation the Baltic states into the Soviet Union. The remaining countries of the world remained silent on the issue for example: The situation with Baltics was not unique. In the aftermath

title: Baltic Robinson 2002

text: Baltic Robinson 2002 Baltic Robinson: 2002, was the third version of "Expedition Robinson", or "Survivor" to air in the Baltic region of Europe. This season premiered on October 5, 2002 and aired until December 15, 2002. Like in the first two seasons, the three tribes were divided based on the contestants country of origin. Along with this, each tribe was given the name of the country of its contestants origin in that country's native language. As the first twist of the season, in episode one all three tribes were forced to vote out one member. What the contestants didn't know

title: Baltic Development Forum

text: has been a key supporter of the EU's adoption of an EU strategy for the Baltic Sea Region. In October 2009, the European Council of the EU endorsed the first EU strategy for a macro-regional area of the EU. The Baltic Sea Region thereby has the chance to make an innovative combination of European and regional integration and news efforts to improve territorial cohesion of the EU according to EU's Strategy for the Baltic Sea Region. The Baltic Sea Region comprises 11 nations and more than 100 million inhabitants. The Baltic Development Forum defines the Baltic Sea Region as including

title: Baltic states

text: Baltic Sea States in 1992, and the EuroFaculty in 1993. Between 1994 and 2004, the BAFTA free trade agreement was established to help prepare the countries for their accession to the EU, rather than out of the Baltic states' desire to trade among themselves. The Baltic countries were more interested in gaining access to the rest of the European market. Currently, the governments of the Baltic states cooperate in multiple ways, including cooperation among presidents, parliament speakers, heads of government, and foreign ministers. On 8 November 1991, the Baltic Assembly, which includes 15 to 20 MPs from each parliament, was

title: Baltic–Soviet relations

text: fully integrate Baltic countries into the Soviet Union, mass deportations were concluded in the Baltic countries and the policy of encouraging Soviet immigration to the Baltic states continued. The majority of States refused to recognize the Soviet incorporation of the Baltic states. Hopes on the part of the Baltic states for any active intervention on their behalf were quashed when the United States, European states and Soviet Union signed the Helsinki Accords of 1975 which committed its parties to respecting the established frontiers—avoiding use of the term "borders"—of postwar Europe. Countries such as the United States continued to maintain nonrecognition

title: State continuity of the Baltic states

text: the provision did not entail recognition of the Baltic states incorporation into the Soviet Union. Nevertheless, Russia insists that the international community legally recognised the incorporation of the Baltic States into the USSR at Yalta, Potsdam, and Helsinki, characterizing Helsinki as recognizing sovereign borders. In terms of the occupation of the Baltic states, the nations of the world form five groups: 1. countries that explicitly did not recognise the Soviet occupation, either "de jure" or "de facto"; 2. countries that did not recognise the Soviet occupation "de jure" but recognised the Soviet rule in the Baltics "de facto"; 3. countries

title: Occupation of the Baltic states

text: 1944, the Soviet Union recaptured most of the Baltic states and trapped the remaining German forces in the Courland pocket until their formal surrender in May 1945. The Soviet "annexation occupation" () or occupation "sui generis" of the Baltic states lasted until August 1991, when the three countries regained their independence. The Baltic states themselves, the United States and its courts of law, the European Parliament, the European Court of Human Rights and the United Nations Human Rights Council have all stated that these three countries were invaded, occupied and illegally incorporated into the Soviet Union under provisions of the

title: Baltic Sea

text: average six to seven times per decade. Since 1980 it has been much less frequent, although a very large inflow occurred in 2014. The rating of mean discharges differs from the ranking of hydrological lengths (from the most distant source to the sea) and the rating of the nominal lengths. Göta älv, a tributary of the Kattegat, is not listed, as due to the northward upper low-salinity-flow in the sea, its water hardly reaches the Baltic proper: Countries that border the sea: Countries that are in the drainage basin but do not border the sea: The Baltic sea drainage basin

title: Baltic–Soviet relations

text: Soviet control as Soviet Socialist Republics until 1991. A majority of Western world governments did not recognise the Soviet annexations of the Baltic states "de jure", though some countries did recognize them "de facto". In July 1989, following the dramatic events in East Germany, the Supreme Soviets of the Baltic countries stated their intention to restore full independence. In 1991, the Baltic countries reclaimed independence and restored their sovereignty upon the dissolution of the Soviet Union. Bolsheviks took power following the Russian Revolution of 1917. After the Baltic states proclaimed independence following the signing of the Armistice, Bolshevist Russia invaded

title: Geology of the Baltic Sea

text: these troughs is not known but it could have happened during the first glaciations that affected the Baltic region. Alternatively overdeepening could have built-up gradually during the successive glaciations that affected the area. The hydrology, extent and nature of the Baltic Sea has varied considerably through the Quaternary. Its great overturns are linked to its geographic position, in particular its high latitude, that has made it prone to glaciations. During many Quaternary glaciations the whole depression was repeatedly covered by ice sheets. These glaciation have influenced the Baltic Sea depression by bringing eroded sediments from adjacent areas to the depression,

title: Council of the Baltic Sea States

text: channel for involving the strategic partners to voice their concerns and coordinate their efforts with the CBSS and other organisations such as: In June 2014, the Council decided, after an evaluation and review of the CBSS five long-term priorities, to mainstream three renewed long-term priorities for the Council of the Baltic Sea States – "Regional Identity, Sustainable & Prosperous Region and Safe & Secure Region." Regional Identity Goal: To foster a Baltic Sea Region identity and intensify contacts supporting its further development; Objective: To develop the concept of Baltic Sea Region identity for and a sense of belonging to the

title: Sovietization of the Baltic states

text: July and August 1940, Estonian, Latvian and Lithuanian envoys to the United States and the United Kingdom made official protests against Soviet occupation and annexation of their countries. The United States, in accordance with the principles of the Stimson Doctrine (Sumner Welles' Declaration of July 23, 1940), as well as most other Western countries never formally recognized the annexation, but did not directly interfere with Soviet control. The Baltic States continued their de jure existence in accordance with international law. Diplomatic and consular representations of the Baltic States continued to function between 1940 - 1991 in some Western countries (United

title: Council of the Baltic Sea States

text: improve the overall competitiveness of the Baltic Sea region through sustainable economic growth and labour markets, research and development, innovative infrastructure, an integrated maritime policy, transport and communications; To support the transition of the Baltic Sea region towards a competitive, green and low-carbon economy thereby ensuring sustainable development and inclusive growth; To support further action to reach a good environmental status and a healthy ecosystem supporting a prosperous Baltic Sea Region; To strengthen the region`s capacity to adapt to climate change and the resilience capacity of ecosystems and societies; To ensure further mainstreaming of sustainable development at all levels and

title: Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference

text: Sea Region, endowing them with additional democratic legitimacy and parliamentary authority. The political recommendations of the annual Parliamentary Conferences are expressed in a Conference Resolution adopted by consensus by the Conference. The adopted Resolution shall be submitted to the governments of the Baltic Sea region, the CBSS and the EU, and disseminated to other relevant national, regional and local stakeholders in the Baltic Sea region and its neighbourhood. BSPC gathers parliamentarians from 11 national parliaments, 11 regional parliaments and 5 parliamentary organizations around the Baltic Sea. The BSPC thus constitutes a unique parliamentary bridge between all the EU- and non-EU

title: Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference

text: Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference The Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference (BSPC) was established in 1991 as a forum for political dialogue between parliamentarians from the Baltic Sea Region. BSPC aims at raising awareness and opinion on issues of current political interest and relevance for the Baltic Sea Region. It promotes and drives various initiatives and efforts to support a sustainable environmental, social and economic development of the Baltic Sea Region. It strives at enhancing the visibility of the Baltic Sea Region and its issues in a wider European context. BSPC external interfaces include parliamentary, governmental, sub-regional and other organizations in the

title: Baltic culture in Pomerania

text: extent, included "all of Pomerania almost to the mouth of the Oder, and the whole Vistula basin to Silesia in the south-west" before the spread of the Lusatian culture to the region and was inhabited by the ancestors of the later (Baltic) Old Prussians. 3. ^ "", pg 59-62, last accessed 5/12/18</ref> " Baltic culture in Pomerania The Balts decorated their pots by creating "deep incisions and ridges around the neck." Baltic graves consisted of huts made out of timber, or stone costs with floors of pavement "encircled by timber posts", according to Marija Gimbutas. The term Pomerania Balts, or

title: Baltic amber

text: up over 98% of the animals preserved in the amber, while all other arthropods, annelids, molluscs, nematodes, protozoans contribute less than 0.5% of the animals. Vertebrates are another 0.5% of the animals included and mostly are represented by mammal fur, feathers, and reptiles. Baltic amber The Baltic region is home to the largest known deposit of amber, called Baltic amber or succinite. It dates from 44 million years ago (during the Eocene epoch). It has been estimated that these forests created more than 100,000 tons of amber. Today, more than 90% of the world's amber comes from Kaliningrad Oblast of

title: Baltic Naval Squadron

text: staff. There are currently 3 countries in the BALTRON: Baltic Naval Squadron The Baltic Naval Squadron (BALTRON) was inaugurated in 1998. The main responsibility of BALTRON is to improve the co-operation between the Baltic states in the areas of naval defence and security. Constant readiness to contribute units to NATO-led operations is assured through BALTRON. Each Baltic state appoints one or two ships to BALTRON for a certain period and staff members for one year. Service in BALTRON provides both (the crew and staff officers) with an opportunity to serve in an international environment and acquire valuable experience in mine

title: Baltic Summer Academy

text: law among scholars in the Baltic states. Priority for students of law, international relations, political sciences and military academies. Also young practitioners are invited. (typical program) Baltic Summer Academy Baltic Summer Academy on International Humanitarian Law is organised every summer by Lithuanian, Latvian and Estonian Red Cross National Societies and International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) Regional Delegation for Central Europe. The Academy is meant for students of law, international relations and political science and military academies from the Baltic states. The tendency in recent years is that students also from other countries join the event. In addition to

title: Baltic Development Forum

text: emerged. Nowadays the Baltic Sea Region is interlaced by a myriad of formal and informal cross-border organisations and fora signalising the multidimensional scale of interaction. Baltic Development Forum The Baltic Development Forum is an independent think-tank and non-profit high-level and agenda-setting networking organisation with strategic partners and sponsors from large companies, major cities, institutional investors, business associations and academia in the Baltic Sea Region. The network involves more than 8,000 decision-makers from all over the region and beyond. March 2014 former Minister for Foreign Affairs, Mrs. Lene Espersen replaced the interim Chairwoman, Mrs. Helle Bechgaard as chairwoman of Baltic Development