query: what was king louis xiv religion?

title: Freedom of religion

text: by Louis XIV of France. Intolerance remained the norm until Louis XVI, who signed the Edict of Versailles (1787), then the constitutional text of 24 December 1789, granting civilian rights to Protestants. The French Revolution then abolished state religion and confiscated all Church property, turning intolerance against Catholics. In 1558, the Transylvanian Diet's Edict of Torda declared free practice of both Catholicism and Lutheranism. Calvinism, however, was prohibited. Calvinism was included among the accepted religions in 1564. Ten years after the first law, in 1568, the same Diet, under the chairmanship of King of Hungary, and Prince of Transylvania John

title: Equestrian Statue of King Louis XIV (Bernini)

text: Equestrian Statue of King Louis XIV (Bernini) The Equestrian Statue of King Louis XIV is a late sculpture designed and partially executed by the Italian artist Gian Lorenzo Bernini. Bernini first discussed the project while in France in the mid-1660s, but it did not start until later in the decade, when back in Rome. It was not completed until 1684, and then shipped to Paris in 1685. Louis XIV of France was extremely unhappy with the end result and had it placed in a corner of the gardens of the royal palace at Versailles. Eventually, the sculpture was modified by

title: Portrait of Louis XIV

text: the portrait of Louis XV, also in costume sacre. 23 Another copy is present at the Paris Observatory, between portraits of Giovanni Domenico Cassini and Urbain Le Verrier. Portrait of Louis XIV Portrait of Louis XIV in Coronation Robes was painted in 1701 by the French painter Hyacinthe Rigaud after being commissioned by the king who wanted to satisfy the desire of his grandson, Philip V, for a portrait of him. Louis XIV kept it hanging at Versailles. This portrait has become the "official portrait" of Louis XIV. On the death of King Charles II of Spain on 18 November

title: Portrait of Louis XIV

text: Portrait of Louis XIV Portrait of Louis XIV in Coronation Robes was painted in 1701 by the French painter Hyacinthe Rigaud after being commissioned by the king who wanted to satisfy the desire of his grandson, Philip V, for a portrait of him. Louis XIV kept it hanging at Versailles. This portrait has become the "official portrait" of Louis XIV. On the death of King Charles II of Spain on 18 November 1700, Spain was beset by the dynastic ambitions of other European powers, resulting in a succession war. The Spanish king's will ruled out any idea of sharing and

text: François Girardon and altered into an equestrian sculpture of the ancient Roman hero Marcus Curtius A print of the sculpture, mistakenly identified as being by Bernini's father Pietro, exists in the Bibliotheque Nationale de France. Equestrian Statue of King Louis XIV (Bernini) The Equestrian Statue of King Louis XIV is a late sculpture designed and partially executed by the Italian artist Gian Lorenzo Bernini. Bernini first discussed the project while in France in the mid-1660s, but it did not start until later in the decade, when back in Rome. It was not completed until 1684, and then shipped to Paris

title: Style Louis XIV

text: Style Louis XIV The Style Louis XIV, also called French classicism, was the style of architecture and decorative arts intended to glorify King Louis XIV and his reign. It featured majesty, harmony and regularity. It became the official style during the reign of Louis XIV (1643–1715), imposed upon artists by the newly established "Académie royale de peinture et de sculpture" (Royal Academy of Painting and Sculpture) and the "Académie royale d'architecture" (Royal Academy of Architecture). It had an important influence upon the architecture of other European monarchs, from Frederick the Great of Prussia to Peter the Great of Russia. Major

title: Louis XIV of France

text: Louis XIV of France Louis XIV (Louis Dieudonné; 5 September 16381 September 1715), known as Louis the Great (') or the Sun King ('), was a monarch of the House of Bourbon who reigned as King of France and Navarre from 1643 until his death in 1715. Starting on 14 May 1643 when Louis was 4 years old, his reign of 72 years and 110 days is the longest recorded of any monarch of a sovereign country in European history. In the age of absolutism in Europe, Louis XIV's France was a leader in the growing centralisation of power. Louis

title: Portrait of Louis XIV

text: placed Philip, Duke of Anjou, second son of the Grand Dauphin and grand-son of Louis XIV at the forefront of legitimate contenders for the crown. The future king of Spain, eager to take with him the image of his grandfather, convinced Louis XIV to order Hyacinthe Rigaud to paint what would become the absolute image of royal power and the reference picture for generations to come: Spoke Hyacinthe Rigaud, through a friend, in the autobiography he sent to the Grand Duke of Tuscany Cosimo III in 1716. These statements are corroborated by the mention of the corresponding payment in the

title: Style Louis XIV

text: the horizon, the garden was full of surprises – fountains, small gardens filled with statuary, which provided a more human scale and intimate spaces. The central symbol of the Garden was the sun; the emblem of Louis XIV, illustrated by the statue of Apollo in the central fountain of the garden. "The views and perspectives, to and from the palace, continued to infinity. The king ruled over nature, recreating in the garden not only his domination of his territories, but over the court and his subjects." Style Louis XIV The Style Louis XIV, also called French classicism, was the style

title: Louis XIV of France

text: only to the better-known and legitimised. Louis XIV of France Louis XIV (Louis Dieudonné; 5 September 16381 September 1715), known as Louis the Great (') or the Sun King ('), was a monarch of the House of Bourbon who reigned as King of France and Navarre from 1643 until his death in 1715. Starting on 14 May 1643 when Louis was 4 years old, his reign of 72 years and 110 days is the longest recorded of any monarch of a sovereign country in European history. In the age of absolutism in Europe, Louis XIV's France was a leader in

title: Château Louis XIV

text: Château Louis XIV The Château Louis XIV is a château constructed between 2008 and 2011 in the commune of Louveciennes in the Yvelines department in the Île-de-France region. The chateau was built by the property developer Emad Khashoggi's property development company COGEMAD using traditional craftsmanship techniques and materials. Located between Versailles and Marly-le-Roi on a 23-hectare (57-acre) walled site, the property is surrounded by moats and has a constructed surface area of 7,000 m (75,350 ft), 5,000 m (53,800 ft) of which are living space. The property pays various tributes to Louis XIV of France, France's Sun King and stands

title: The Death of Louis XIV

text: Jonathan Romney, film critic for "Sight & Sound", described "The Death of Louis XIV" as "strange, haunting and perhaps the most beautiful film seen in Cannes in [2016]". The Death of Louis XIV The Death of Louis XIV () is a 2016 historical drama film written and directed by Albert Serra and starring Jean-Pierre Léaud as King Louis XIV. The film was screened out of competition at the 2016 Cannes Film Festival. It made its North American premiere at the 2016 Toronto International Film Festival and its U.S. premiere at the 54th New York Film Festival. "New York Times" critic

title: Louis XIV of France

text: deathbed: "" ("I depart, but the State shall always remain.") Louis's formal style was ""Louis XIV, par la grâce de Dieu, roi de France et de Navarre"", or "Louis XIV, by the Grace of God, King of France and of Navarre". On 5 April 1693, Louis also founded the Royal and Military Order of Saint Louis (), a military order of chivalry. He named it after Louis IX and intended it as a reward for outstanding officers. It is notable as the first decoration that could be granted to non-nobles and is roughly the forerunner of the "Légion d'honneur", with

title: Louis XIV furniture

text: Louis XIV furniture Louis XIV furniture was massive and lavishly covered with sculpture and ornament of gilded bronze in the earlier part of his personal reign (1660–1690). After about 1690, thanks in large part to the furniture designer André Charles Boulle, a more original and delicate style appeared. It was based on the use of marquetry, the inlay of piece of ebony and other rare woods, a technique first used in Florence in the 15th century, which was refined and developed by Boulle and others working for the King. Furniture was inlaid with thin plaques of ebony, copper, mother of

title: Style Louis XIV

text: as the Place du Carrousel. The ceremonial entry of the King into Paris also became an occasion for festivities. The return of Louis XIV and Queen Marie-Thérèse to Paris after his coronation in 1660 was celebrated by a grand event on a fairground at the gates of the city, where large thrones were constructed for the new monarchs. After the ceremony the site became known as the Place du Trône, or place of the Throne, until it became the Place de la Nation in 1880. An office existed in the royal household of Louis XIV called Menus-Plaisirs du Roi, which

title: The Death of Louis XIV

text: The Death of Louis XIV The Death of Louis XIV () is a 2016 historical drama film written and directed by Albert Serra and starring Jean-Pierre Léaud as King Louis XIV. The film was screened out of competition at the 2016 Cannes Film Festival. It made its North American premiere at the 2016 Toronto International Film Festival and its U.S. premiere at the 54th New York Film Festival. "New York Times" critic Manohla Dargis described the film as a "mesmerizing elegy." In "Screen", Allan Hunter called Léaud's performance "easily the actor’s best role and most noteworthy performance in some time."

title: Louis XIV of France

text: after the death of Cardinal Mazarin. The film, "Le Roi Danse" (2000; translated: "The King Dances"), directed by Gérard Corbiau, reveals Louis through the eyes of Jean-Baptiste Lully, his court musician. Julian Sands portrayed Louis in Roland Jaffe's "Vatel" (2000). Alan Rickman directed, co-wrote, and stars as Louis XIV in the film, "A Little Chaos", which centers on construction in the gardens of Versaille, at the time immediately before and after the death of Queen Maria Theresa. The 2016 film "The Death of Louis XIV", directed by Albert Serra, is set during the last two weeks of Louis XIV's life

title: Descendants of Louis XIV of France

text: son of King Philip V of Spain and Elisabeth Farnese. Louis XIV and Françoise-Athénaïs had seven children in total and she was his most notorious mistress. Two of their children died very young. Their names were Louise Françoise de Bourbon (late March 1669 – 23 February 1672) and Louis-César de Bourbon (20 June 1672 – 10 January 1683). Descendants of Louis XIV of France The descendants of Louis XIV of France (1638–1715), Bourbon monarch of the Kingdom of France, are numerous. Although only one of his children by his wife Maria Theresa of Spain survived past infancy, Louis had many

title: The Taking of Power by Louis XIV

text: his whole court." "The Taking of Power by Louis XIV" received a DVD release by The Criterion Collection in January 2009. The Taking of Power by Louis XIV The Taking of Power by Louis XIV (), also called The Rise of Louis XIV, is a French television film by Italian film director Roberto Rossellini. The film revolves around the French king Louis XIV's rise to power after the death of his powerful advisor, Cardinal Mazarin. To achieve this political autonomy, Louis deals with his mother and the court nobles, all of whom makes the assumption that Mazarin's death will give

title: Louis XIV of France

text: before dying of gangrene, with the monarch played by Jean-Pierre Léaud. The 15-year-old Louis XIV, as played by the Irish actor Robert Sheehan, is a major character of the short-lived historical fantasy series "Young Blades" from January to June 2005. George Blagden portrays Louis XIV in the Canal+ series "Versailles" which aired for three seasons from 2015. Despite the image of a healthy and virile king that Louis sought to project, evidence exists to suggest that his health was not that good. He had many ailments: for example, symptoms of diabetes, as confirmed in reports of suppurating periostitis in 1678,

title: The Taking of Power by Louis XIV

text: The Taking of Power by Louis XIV The Taking of Power by Louis XIV (), also called The Rise of Louis XIV, is a French television film by Italian film director Roberto Rossellini. The film revolves around the French king Louis XIV's rise to power after the death of his powerful advisor, Cardinal Mazarin. To achieve this political autonomy, Louis deals with his mother and the court nobles, all of whom makes the assumption that Mazarin's death will give them more power. Colin McCabe of the University of Pittsburgh praised the film as "the most serious attempt by a great

title: Descendants of Louis XIV of France

text: of Spain to the French throne is Louis Alphonse, Duke of Anjou, who is the second cousin of the present king of Spain, Felipe VI. However, if a non-Salic primogeniture is followed, the eldest surviving descendant, in other words, the heir-general of Louis XIV is the present Duke of Calabria. With the death of the Madame Royale, daughter of Louis XVI, the direct line of the French royal family became extinct. At her death, the heir-general of Louix XIV was also its heir-male — Henri, Count of Chambord ("Henri V"), who was the nephew of her husband and first cousin,

title: Style Louis XIV

text: the King. They often featured military trophies, with helmets, oak leaves symbolizing victory, and masses of weapons, usually made of glided bronze or sculpted wood, in relief surrounded by marble. Other decorative elements celebrated the King personally: the head of the King was often represented as the sun god Apollo, surrounded by palm leaves or gilded rays of light. An eagle usually represented Jupiter. Other ornamental details included gilded numbers, royal batons, and crowns. The Hall of Mirrors of the Palace of Versailles (1678-1684) was the summit of the early Louis XIV style. Designed by Charles Le Brun, it combined

title: Louis XIV of France

text: Accordingly, the king created a regency council as Louis XIII had in anticipation of his own minority, with some power vested in his illegitimate son Louis-Auguste de Bourbon, Duke of Maine. Orléans, however, had Louis' will annulled by the "Parlement of Paris" after his death and made himself sole regent. He stripped Maine and his brother, Louis-Alexandre, Count of Toulouse, of the rank of Prince of the Blood, which Louis had granted them, and significantly reduced Maine's power and privileges. Line of succession to the French throne upon the death of Louis XIV in 1715. Louis XIV's only surviving legitimate

title: Louis XIV of France

text: brother and has spawned numerous film adaptations generally titled "The Man in the Iron Mask." In 1910, the American historical novelist Charles Major wrote ""The Little King: A Story of the Childhood of King Louis XIV"". Louis is a major character in the 1959 historical novel ""Angélique et le Roy"" ("Angélique and the King"), part of the Angelique Series. The protagonist, a strong-willed lady at Versailles, rejects the King's advances and refuses to become his mistress. A later book, the 1961 ""Angélique se révolte"" ("Angélique in Revolt"), details the dire consequences of her defying this powerful monarch. A character based

title: Style Louis XIV

text: architects of the period included François Mansart, Jules Hardouin Mansart, Robert de Cotte, Pierre Le Muet, Charles Perrault, and Louis Le Vau. Major monuments included the Palace of Versailles, the Grand Trianon at Versailles, and the Church of Les Invalides (1675–91). The Louis XIV style had three periods. During the first period, which coincided with the youth of the King (1643-1660) and the regency of Anne of Austria, architecture and art were strongly influenced by the earlier style of Louis XIII and by the Baroque style imported from Italy. The early period saw the beginning of French classicism, particularly in

title: The Age of Louis XIV

text: on the road to modern history-writing". The Age of Louis XIV The Age of Louis XIV (""Le Siècle de Louis XIV"", also translated The Century of Louis XIV) is a historical work by the French historian, philosopher, and writer Voltaire, first published in 1751. Through it, the French 17th century became identified with Louis XIV of France, who reigned from 1643 to 1715. A letter in May 1732 is the first recorded mention of Voltaire's intent to write a history of the reign of Louis XIV. He stopped and resumed the project multiple times, expressing the fear that he might

title: The Age of Louis XIV

text: The Age of Louis XIV The Age of Louis XIV (""Le Siècle de Louis XIV"", also translated The Century of Louis XIV) is a historical work by the French historian, philosopher, and writer Voltaire, first published in 1751. Through it, the French 17th century became identified with Louis XIV of France, who reigned from 1643 to 1715. A letter in May 1732 is the first recorded mention of Voltaire's intent to write a history of the reign of Louis XIV. He stopped and resumed the project multiple times, expressing the fear that he might not live long enough to complete

title: Style Louis XIV

text: in his private room removed and replaced by a single canvas, "Saint Sebastien being tended by Saint Irene" (c. 1649) by Georges de la Tour. The most influential sculptor of the period was the Italian Gian Lorenzo Bernini, whose work in Rome inspired sculptors all over Europe. He traveled to France; his proposal for a new facade of the Louvre was rejected by the King, who wanted a more specifically French style, but the Bernini did make a bust of Louis XIV in 1665 which was greatly admired and imitated in France. One of the most prominent sculptors under Louis

title: Style Louis XIV

text: squares was replaced by the Grand Style of monumental columns, which usually were part of the facade itself, rather than standing separately. All the buildings around the square were connected and built to the same height, in the same style. The ground floor featured a covered arcade for pedestrians. The first such complex of buildings built under Louis XIV was the Collège des Quatre-Nations (now the Institut de France) (1662–68), facing the Louvre. It was designed by Louis Le Vau and François d'Orbay, and combined the headquarters of the academies founded by the King, a chapel, and the library of

title: Louis XIV of France

text: miracle of God. Sensing imminent death, Louis XIII decided to put his affairs in order in the spring of 1643, when Louis XIV was four years old. In defiance of custom, which would have made Queen Anne the sole Regent of France, the king decreed that a regency council would rule on his son's behalf. His lack of faith in Queen Anne's political abilities was his primary rationale. He did, however, make the concession of appointing her head of the council. Louis' relationship with his mother was uncommonly affectionate for the time. Contemporaries and eyewitnesses claimed that the Queen would

title: French ship Louis-XIV (1854)

text: was decommissioned between 1858 and 1861, and was affected to the École Navale as a gunnery training ship from 1861 to 1865. That year, she was sent to Toulon. In 1870, her crew was sent to Paris to defend the city against the advancing Prussian armies. Training resumed in November 1870. In 1873, "Louis XIV" was decommissioned again. She was struck on 3 May 1880, and sold for scrap in 1882. French ship Louis-XIV (1854) Louis XIV was an 118-gun ship of the line of the French Navy. Laid down as "Tonnant" in 1811 at Rochefort, she was renamed "Louis-XIV"

title: Louis XIV (band)

text: Louis XIV (band) Louis XIV is an American rock band from San Diego, California. The band has released four EPs between 2003 and 2007, and three albums between 2003 and 2008, the latter two of which were distributed by Atlantic Records. The band broke up in 2009, but in 2013, in an interview with The Reno Dispatch, Jason Hill confirmed that the band had decided to reunite. Lead singer and guitarist Jason Hill, guitarist Brian Karscig, and drummer Mark Maigaard formed the group in April 2003, while living in Paris, France. Bassist James Armbrust joined soon after. "Louis XIV", the

title: French ship Louis-XIV (1854)

text: French ship Louis-XIV (1854) Louis XIV was an 118-gun ship of the line of the French Navy. Laid down as "Tonnant" in 1811 at Rochefort, she was renamed "Louis-XIV" in 1828, still on keel. She was launched only in 1854, and was put in the reserve the next year. On 28 January 1855, she departed Toulon to take part in the Siege of Sevastopol as a transport ship. From September 1856 to 1857, she was converted to combined sail/steam propulsion in Brest harbour, using machinery supplied by Robert Napier of Glasgow, to reenter service on 25 October 1857. "Louis XIV"

title: Style Louis XIV

text: a richness of materials (marble, gold, and bronze) which reflected in the mirrors. In the late Louis XIV period, after 1690, new elements began to appear, that were less militaristic and more fantastic; particularly seashells, surrounded by elaborate sinuous lines and curves; and exotic designs, including arabesques and Chinoiserie. During the first period of the reign of Louis XIV, furniture followed the previous style of Louis XIII, and was massive, and profusely decorated with sculpture and gilding. After 1680, thanks in large part to the furniture designer André Charles Boulle, a more original and delicate style appeared. It was based

title: Louis XIV (band)

text: events. Also in 2007, two of Louis XIV's tracks, the titular 'Louis XIV' and 'Finding Out True Love Is Blind' were used as backing tracks on Jimmy Carr's stand-up DVD "Comedian". The band's next EP, "The Distances from Everyone to You", was released through the iTunes Store on September 11, 2007. The EP contains the band's cover version of Queen's "Flash Gordon" theme, later used for the Sci Fi Channel's new "Flash Gordon" television series. Louis XIV toured with the Killers between February and April 2009. After a show in Manchester at the O2 Apollo Manchester, the Manchester Tribune called

title: Style Louis XIV

text: the Style Louis XIV is The "Jardin à la française" or French formal garden, a style based on symmetry and the principle of imposing order on nature. The most famous example is the Gardens of Versailles designed by André Le Nôtre, which inspired copies all across Europe. The first important garden à la française was the Chateau of Vaux-le-Vicomte, created by Nicolas Fouquet, the superintendent of Finances to Louis XIV, beginning in 1656. Fouquet commissioned Louis Le Vau to design the chateau, Charles Le Brun to design statues for the garden, and André Le Nôtre to create the gardens. For

title: Style Louis XIV

text: begun in Italy, like many architectural ideas of Baroque period. The first such square in Paris was the Place Royal (now Place des Vosges) begun by Henry IV of France, completed with an equestrian statue of Louis XIII; then the Place Dauphine on the Ile de la Cité, which featured an equestrian statue of Henry IV. The initial grand Paris projects of Louis XIV were new facades on the Louvre, one facing the Seine, the other facing to the east. These were showcases of the new monumental style of Louis XIV. The old brick and stone of the Henry IV

title: Style Louis XIV

text: by Louis Le Vau, built for the King's chief of finance Nicolas Fouquet and completed in 1658. Louis XIV charged Fouquet with theft, put him prison, and took the building for himself. The design was strongly influenced by the classicism of François Mansart. It combined a facade dominated and rhymed by colossal classical columns, beneath a dome, imported from the Italian Baroque architecture, along with a number of original features, such as a semicircular salon which looked out on the vast French formal garden created by André Le Nôtre. Based on the success of Vaux le Vicomte, Louis XIV selected

title: Louis XIV of France

text: was never paid and would later play a part persuading Charles II of Spain to leave his empire to Philip, Duke of Anjou (later Philip V of Spain), the grandson of Louis and Maria Theresa. The War of Devolution did not focus on the payment of the dowry, rather, the lack of payment was what Louis XIV used as a pretext for nullifying Maria Theresa's renunciation of her claims, allowing the land to "devolve" to him. In Brabant (the location of the land in dispute), children of first marriages traditionally were not disadvantaged by their parents’ remarriages and still inherited

title: Louis XIV furniture

text: the Mazarin desk was replaced by a large flat topped writing table with four legs and two drawers. A very elegant version of this desk was made by André-Charles Boulle, for Nicolas Fouquet, the King's minister of finance, for his chateau at Vaux-le-Vicomte. The bedroom was a place of ceremony under Louis XIV. The formal awakening of the King at the Palace of Versaille was a daily event, which any member of the Court or visitor to the Palace could attend. It was common for members of the nobility to receive guests when they were in bed. The beds had

title: Style Louis XIV

text: a series of exercises and games on horseback. These events were designed to replace the tournament, which had been banned after 1559 when King Henry II was killed in a jousting accident. In the new, less dangerous version, riders usually had to pass their lance through the interior of a ring, or strike mannequins with the heads of Medusa, Moors and Turks. A grand "carrousel" was held on June 5–6, 1662 to celebrate the birth of the "Dauphin", the son of Louis XIV. It was held on the square separating the Louvre from the Tuileries Palace, which afterwards became known

title: Portrait of Louis XIV

text: of the King of Spain he made during the current year, 10,000 livres". Pierre Drevet was appointed to carry out the engravings and receives "perfect payment of five thousand livres for the engraving [ "sic" ] he made of the portrait at the foot of the King Louis XIV, according to M. Rigaud, during 1714-1715." To do this, Drevet been assisted by a drawing executed by the young Jean-Marc Nattier and to who the director of buildings records payment, on August 20, 1713: Drevet owes a great deal to Nattier's work, which has recreated Rigaud's painting to its smallest details,

title: Style Louis XIV

text: Cardinal Mazarin. The Hôtel Royal des Invalides - a complex for war veterans consisting of residences, a hospital, and a chapel - was constructed by Libéral Bruant and Jules Hardouin-Mansart (1671-1679). Louis XIV then commissioned Mansart to construct a separate private royal chapel featuring a striking dome, the Église du Dôme, which was added to complete the complex in 1708. The next major project was the Place des Victoires (1684-1697), a real estate development of seven large buildings in three segments around an oval square, with an equestrian statue of Louis XIV planned for the centerpiece. This was built by

title: Style Louis XIV

text: create the costumes and draperies, and others to paint the backgrounds, ranging from battlefields to gardens to salons, while he concentrated on the composition, colors and especially the faces. George de la Tour (1593-1652) was another important figure in the Louis XIV style; he was given a title, named court painter of the King, and received high payments for his portraits, though he rarely ever came to Paris, preferring to work in his home town of Lunéville. His paintings, with their unusual light and dark effecs, were unusually somber, the figures barely seen in the darkness, lit by torchlight, evoking

title: Bust of Louis XIV (Bernini)

text: considered a success, as the number of reproductions testifies. A mould of the bust was made in 1666; by 1669 at least seven plaster casts had been created. An early bronze version was taken to Quebec, Canada but is now lost. The only other early copy in bronze is in the National Gallery of Art in Washington. Bust of Louis XIV (Bernini) The Bust of Louis XIV is a marble portrait by the Italian artist Gian Lorenzo Bernini. It was created in the year 1665 during Bernini's visit to Paris. This sculptural portrait of Louis XIV of France has been

title: Louis XIV furniture

text: very high canopies and draperies supported by four posts and a rectangual frame or panel, called a tester, above. The draperies were largely to keep heat in and drafts out. The beds were separated from the rest of the room by a balustrade. Louis XIV furniture Louis XIV furniture was massive and lavishly covered with sculpture and ornament of gilded bronze in the earlier part of his personal reign (1660–1690). After about 1690, thanks in large part to the furniture designer André Charles Boulle, a more original and delicate style appeared. It was based on the use of marquetry, the

title: Style Louis XIV

text: XIV was Antoine Coysevox (pronounced "qualzevo") (1640-1720) from Lyon. He studied sculpture under Louis Lerambert and copied in marble ancient Roman works, including the Venus de Medici. In 1776, his bust of the King's official painter Charles Le Brun won him admission to the Royal Academy of Painting and Sculpture. He was soon producing monumental sculpture to accompany the new buildings constructed by Louis XIV; he made a Charlemagne for the royal chapel at Les Invalides, and then a large number of statues for the new Park at Versailles and then at the Chateau de Marly. He originally made the

title: Bust of Louis XIV (Bernini)

text: Bust of Louis XIV (Bernini) The Bust of Louis XIV is a marble portrait by the Italian artist Gian Lorenzo Bernini. It was created in the year 1665 during Bernini's visit to Paris. This sculptural portrait of Louis XIV of France has been called the "grandest piece of portraiture of the baroque age". The bust is on display at the Versailles Palace, in the Salon de Diane in the King's Grand Apartment. Bernini had been invited to Paris as part of a larger diplomatic exchange between the Papacy and France. The ostensible reason for the visit was to create new

title: Persian embassy to Louis XIV

text: Persian embassy to Louis XIV The Persian embassy to Louis XIV caused a dramatic flurry at the court of Louis XIV in 1715, the year of the Sun King's death. Mohammed Reza Beg, or in French sources , was a high-ranking official to the Persian governor of the Yerevan province (Armenia). He had been chosen by the Safavid Persian emperor Sultan Husayn for the mission and travelled with a grand entourage, as suitable to the diplomat of a mighty empire. The scene of the Persian ambassador's entry into Paris, 7 February 1715, was described by François Pidou de Saint-Olon (1646–1720),

title: Descendants of Louis XIV of France

text: in the 15th and 16th centuries. Louis XIV and Maria Theresa also had three other children, though they were unable to survive infancy. Their names were Anne-Élisabeth (18 November 1662 – 30 December 1662), Marie-Anne (16 November 1664 - 26 December 1664) and Louis-François (14 June 1672 – 4 November 1672). "Louis XVII" or Louis-Charles, the Duke of Normandy, was the last male heir of the direct line of descent from Louis XIV. After his death in the temple in 1795, the succession rights passed to his uncle (the title of "Heir-Male" of Louis XIV would also have passed to

title: Louis XIV (band)

text: a camaraderie, and in that, the music started to suffer and started feeling uninspired." After performing a number of shows on their "Return of the King" tour in 2012 supporting The Killers, Jason Hill officially confirmed in an interview in March 2013 that the band has decided to reunite. Louis XIV was known for their sexually provocative lyrics in many of their songs. In 2005 the Hoover, Alabama board of education withdrew an invitation for the band to perform a concert at Hoover High School, The board cited complaints about the lyrics of the band's songs, a recent arrest in

title: The Age of Louis XIV

text: writer Hannah More wrote that Voltaire had "decorated both the period and the king with so much that is great and brilliant, that they fill a large space in the eye of the reader." The American writer Virginia Randolph Cary wrote in 1828 that "Voltaire's General History, and his Age of Lewis XIV, will always be read with pleasure." The publication of new editions of "The Age of Louis XIV" in the late 20th century helped to renew interest in Voltaire as a historian. Modern scholars have described it as "the foundational text of French literary history" and "a milestone

title: Style Louis XIV

text: was responsible the decoration at royal ceremonies and spectacles, including ballets, masques, illuminations, fireworks, theater performances and other entertainments. This office was held from 1674 to 1711 by Jean Bérain the Elder (1640-1711). He was also designer of the King's bedchamber and offices, and had an enormous influence upon what became known as the Style Louis XIV; his studio was located in the Grand Gallery of the Louvre, along with those of the royal furniture designer André Charles Boulle. He was particularly responsible for introducing the a modified version of the grotesque style of ornament, originally created in Italy by

title: Louis XIV (band)

text: the last 20 years, but that we were irresponsible morally, so everyone should avoid it. Its so far from the truth but I've even been called a racist when I used the terms "Chocolate Girl" and "Vanilla Girl". I was being playful. But in some ways, the most negative press can also be the biggest compliment. Louis XIV (band) Louis XIV is an American rock band from San Diego, California. The band has released four EPs between 2003 and 2007, and three albums between 2003 and 2008, the latter two of which were distributed by Atlantic Records. The band broke

title: Louis XIV (band)

text: Girls. The video, featuring various models in different stages of undress, was directed by alt-porn pioneer Eon McKai. In 2007 David Bowie and Alicia Keys asked the band to play their BlackBall charity event for Aids in Africa. Bowie cited Louis XIV as one of his favorite new bands in numerous Conde Naste publications. Hill and Karscig also sang on three songs on The Killers 2006 album "Sam's Town". In September 2007 violinist Ray Suen joined Louis XIV as a touring member. The band toured Australia, Mexico, and the USA with The Killers and played several AIDS in Africa charity

title: Château Louis XIV

text: In the late 17th century, the property where the current Château Louis XIV was built consisted of several plots of land, chestnut groves and woodland. In the early 18th century, the royal regiment was in charge of participating in a major excavation project in Marly-le-Roi. They thus decided to set up camp in an existing clearing on these very plots of land. During this period, Louis XIV decided to build a palace in Marly-le-Roi nestled in a lush green setting; a place where he would regularly go to find the peace and quiet that he lacked in Versailles. Later, the

title: Style Louis XIV

text: an enterprising entrepreneur and nobleman of the court, Jean-Baptiste Prédot, combined with the architect Jules Haroudin-Mansart. The final urban project became the best-known, the Place Vendôme, also by Harouin-Mansart, between 1699 and 1702. In another innovation, this project was partially financed by the sale of lots around the square. All of these projects featured monumental facades in the Louis XIV style, giving a particular harmony to the squares. In the early Louis XIV style, the principle characteristics of decor were a richness of materials and an effort to achieve a monumental effect. The materials used included marble, often combined with

title: Château Louis XIV

text: an English-style garden on the lower level, all in keeping with the natural outlines of the property where the château is located. Château Louis XIV The Château Louis XIV is a château constructed between 2008 and 2011 in the commune of Louveciennes in the Yvelines department in the Île-de-France region. The chateau was built by the property developer Emad Khashoggi's property development company COGEMAD using traditional craftsmanship techniques and materials. Located between Versailles and Marly-le-Roi on a 23-hectare (57-acre) walled site, the property is surrounded by moats and has a constructed surface area of 7,000 m (75,350 ft), 5,000 m

title: Descendants of Louis XIV of France

text: Descendants of Louis XIV of France The descendants of Louis XIV of France (1638–1715), Bourbon monarch of the Kingdom of France, are numerous. Although only one of his children by his wife Maria Theresa of Spain survived past infancy, Louis had many illegitimate children by his mistresses. This article deals with the children of Louis XIV and in turn their senior descendants. She was born as Infanta María Teresa of Spain (also known as María Teresa of Austria, being paternal great-great-granddaughter of an Archduke of Austria), at the Royal Monastery of El Escorial. Maria was the daughter of Philip IV

title: Bust of Louis XIV (Bernini)

text: designs for the Louvre Palace, but the young king Louis XIV had declared he also desired a portrait bust. Bernini’s designs for the Louvre did not go down well and were not acted upon; indeed their failure to be accepted was a reflection of the general antagonism between the Italian Bernini and certain members within the French court. However, the portrait bust, which depended upon a more personal relationship between the king and the artist, was completed and largely considered a great success. The creation of the bust is incredibly well documented, thanks to efforts of the French diarist Paul

title: Louis XIV (band)

text: the band "criminally overlooked". They released their third album "Slick Dogs and Ponies" on January 29, 2008 to largely negative reviews. In an interview with NME on June 30, 2009, The Killers singer Brandon Flowers mentioned that he thought Louis XIV had broken up. The band confirmed this on July 3, 2009 on their MySpace blog, saying that Brian Karscig had left the band to start "The Nervous Wreckords". Karscig did not rule out the possibility of future reunions, but stated that he needed to take an indefinite break, since "Louis XIV started to feel more like a business than

title: Style Louis XIV

text: design. His notable decorative works included the ceiling of the Hall of Mirrors in the Palace of Versailles. The major painters of the later reign of Louis XIV included Hyacinthe Rigaud (1659-1743) who came to Paris in 1681, and attracted the attention of LeBrun. LeBrun oriented him toward portrait painting, and he made a celebrated portrait of Louis XIV in 1701, surrounded by all the attributes of power, from the crown on the table to the red heels of his shoes. Rigaud soon had an elaborate workshop in place for making portraits of the nobility; he employed specialized artists to

title: The Private Life of Louis XIV

text: The Private Life of Louis XIV The Private Life of Louis XIV or Liselotte of the Palatinate (German: Liselotte von der Pfalz) is a 1935 German historical film directed by Carl Froelich and starring Renate Müller, Eugen Klöpfer and Maria Krahn. The film's English language release title is a reference to the hit British film "The Private Life of Henry VIII" (1933). The film portrays the life of the Heidelberg-born Elizabeth Charlotte, Princess Palatine, who married into the French royal family during the reign of Louis XIV. She was also the subject of a 1966 biopic in which she was

title: Louis XIV of France

text: until the French Revolution about a century later. In 1648 France was the leading European power, and most of the wars pivoted around its aggressiveness. Only poverty-stricken Russia exceeded it in population, and no one could match its wealth, central location, and very strong professional army. It had largely avoided the devastation of the Thirty Years War. Its weaknesses included an inefficient financial system that was hard-pressed to pay for all the military adventures, and the tendency of most other powers to gang up against it. During the very long reign of King Louis XIV (1643 – 1715), France fought

title: The Private Life of Louis XIV

text: played by Heidelinde Weis. The Private Life of Louis XIV The Private Life of Louis XIV or Liselotte of the Palatinate (German: Liselotte von der Pfalz) is a 1935 German historical film directed by Carl Froelich and starring Renate Müller, Eugen Klöpfer and Maria Krahn. The film's English language release title is a reference to the hit British film "The Private Life of Henry VIII" (1933). The film portrays the life of the Heidelberg-born Elizabeth Charlotte, Princess Palatine, who married into the French royal family during the reign of Louis XIV. She was also the subject of a 1966 biopic

title: Bust of Louis XIV (Bernini)

text: Fréart de Chantelou, a steward at the court of Louis XIV, who befriended Bernini during his time in Paris. The bust took just over three months to carve. Once potential blocks of marble had been selected, Bernini began by taking drawings (none of which survive) and small clay models of the king., However, it seems that once he had done this initial work, Bernini chose to work only during sittings with the king. His pupil, Giulio Cartari, began work on carving down the chosen block of marble (and would later do much of the drapery work), and then Bernini took

title: The King of Fighters XIV

text: chart. During its Japanese release, the game sold 20,655 units. By November 2017 SNK announced that the period of Summer 2016 to Summer 2017 was very profitable for them attributing it to the release of "The King of Fighters XIV" and its DLC characters. In 2016, "The King of Fighters XIV" was nominated for the "Best Fighting Game" Award at the Game Awards but lost to "Street Fighter V". Despite initial issues with the online mode and other features from the game, Yasuyuki Oda stated the fan response to "The King of Fighters XIV" was positive especially after fixing these

title: Descendants of Louis XIV of France

text: descendants. Therefore, according to primogeniture rules, Henri, Comte de Chambord was the Heir-Male of Louis XIV and also the Legitimist claimant of the throne of France. Henry, Count of Chambord died childless on 24 August 1883. He was the last descendant in the legitimate male line from Louis de France, Duke of Burgundy (duc de Bourgogne), eldest grandson of Louis XIV. Burgundy's youngest brother, Charles, Duke of Berry, died without any surviving issue. There remained only the descendants of Philip V of Spain, formerly Philippe de France, Duke of Anjou, who was Louis XIV's second grandson. Some French royalists recognized

title: Louis XIV of France

text: too did the manner in which he was depicted. Nonetheless, there was still a disparity between realistic representation and the demands of royal propaganda. There is no better illustration of this than in Hyacinthe Rigaud's frequently-reproduced "Portrait of Louis XIV of 1701", in which a 63-year-old Louis appears to stand on a set of unnaturally young legs. Rigaud's portrait exemplified the height of royal portraiture during Louis' reign. Although Rigaud crafted a credible likeness of Louis, the portrait was neither meant as an exercise in realism nor to explore Louis' personal character. Certainly, Rigaud was concerned with detail and depicted

title: Descendants of Louis XIV of France

text: a product of years and generations of royal intermarriage between cousins. In 1659, as the war with France began to wind down, a union between the two royal families, of Spain and of France, was proposed as a means to secure peace. María Teresa and Louis XIV were double first-cousins, and it was proposed that they wed. His father was Louis XIII of France, who was the brother of her mother, while her father was brother to Anne of Austria, his mother. Such a prospect was intensely enticing to Anne of Austria, mother of Louis XIV and aunt of María

title: Descendants of Louis XIV of France

text: Louis Antoine, Duke of Angoulême. However, with his death, the titles split, with the French succession rights passing to the descendants of Philip V of Spain and the status of heir-general passing to his sister, Louise Marie Thérèse d'Artois, who married Charles III, Duke of Parma, himself a direct descendant of Philip V of Spain. It is through this descent that the Duke of Calabria holds the designation of heir-general of Louis XIV. The Duke is also a descendant of Louis XIV through another line. Louis XV's eldest daughter, Princess Louise Élisabeth of France married Philip, Duke of Parma, a

title: Style Louis XIV

text: period was André Charles Boulle. The final period of Louis XIV style, from about 1690 to 1715, is called the period of transition; it was influenced by Hardouin-Mansart and by the King's designer of fetes and ceremonies, Jean Bérain the Elder. The new style was lighter in form, and featured greater fantasy and freedom of line, thanks in part to the use of wrought iron decoration, and greater use of arabesque, grotesque and coquille designs, which continued into the style of Louis XV. The model of civic architecture in the early part of the reign was Vaux le Vicomte (1658),

title: Louis XIV of France

text: to put it more plainly, adulation; the coarser and clumsier it was, the more he relished it. For his part, Voltaire saw Louis' vanity as the cause for his bellicosity:It is certain that he passionately wanted glory, rather than the conquests themselves. In the acquisition of Alsace and half of Flanders, and of all of Franche-Comté, what he really liked was the name he made for himself. Nonetheless, Louis has also received praise. The anti-Bourbon Napoleon described him not only as "a great king", but also as "the only King of France worthy of the name". Leibniz, the German Protestant

title: Louis XIV of France

text: concentrated on preparing for the next war. He taught his diplomats that their job was to create tactical and strategic advantages for the French military. Louis XIV was born on 5 September 1638 in the Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye, to Louis XIII and Anne of Austria. He was named Louis Dieudonné (Louis the God-given) and bore the traditional title of French heirs apparent: "Dauphin". At the time of his birth, his parents had been married for 23 years. His mother had experienced four stillbirths between 1619 and 1631. Leading contemporaries thus regarded him as a divine gift and his birth a

title: Louis XIV of France

text: devout Madame de Maintenon pushed Louis to persecute Protestants and revoke the 1598 Edict of Nantes, which awarded Huguenots political and religious freedom, but her influence in the matter is now being questioned. Louis saw the persistence of Protestantism as a disgraceful reminder of royal powerlessness. After all, the Edict was the pragmatic concession of his grandfather Henry IV to end the longstanding French Wars of Religion. An additional factor in Louis' thinking was the prevailing contemporary European principle to assure socio-political stability, "cuius regio, eius religio" ("whose realm, his religion"), the idea that the religion of the ruler should

title: Louis XIV of France

text: on Louis plays an important role in "The Age of Unreason", a series of four alternate history novels written by American science fiction and fantasy author Gregory Keyes. Louis features significantly in Neal Stephenson's Baroque Cycle, specifically "The Confusion", the greater part of which takes place at Versailles. In the "39 Clues" series universe, it has been noted that Louis was part of the Cahill branch, Tomas. He is called the son of Apollo in Rick Riordan's Trials of Apollo series. The film, "The Taking of Power by Louis XIV" (1966), directed by Roberto Rossellini, shows Louis's rise to power

title: Louis XIV furniture

text: "canapé" which looked like two armchairs joined together. In the later period of the Louis XIV style, the amount of decoration on the frame diminished, and their form became more graceful and curving. The feet 'en console' often ended in the form known as a 'deer's foot', or a gilded bronze shoe. The "Fauteuil a la Reine" or Queen's armchair, was introduced, and became a popular form, which continued to be made, with various modifications, throughout the reigns of Louis XV and XVI. The "fauteuil en confessional" was another innovation, an armchair with wings with thick cushions on either side

title: Louis XIV furniture

text: on the walls, and the sculpted ceilings with similar decorations. Cabbinets, tables and chairs were geometric. Armchairs appeared with high backs, made with pieces of "bois tourné", cut in a spiral form. The second period, from 1660 to about 1690, was the beginning of the personal reign of Louis XIV, Much of the furniture of this period was made for the decoration of the grand new halls of the Palace of Versailles designed by Louis Le Vau and then by Jules Hardouin-Mansart. The characteristics of the first style in decoration and furniture were richness of materials and an effort to

title: Descendants of Louis XIV of France

text: Spanish throne to Xavier, Duke of Parma, who became the Carlist pretender. However, the rights to the throne of France passed to the line of his cousin, Francis, Duke of Cadiz, who was the son of his grandfather's youngest brother. Francis was Isabella II's consort; therefore the claim was inherited by the Spanish Royal Family in the person of King Alfonso XIII. The title was next inherited by the eldest-surviving son of Alfonso, Infante Jaime, Duke of Segovia and subsequently his grandson and great-grandson. Thus, the current heir-male of Louis XIV and the representative of the rights of Philip V

title: The Age of Louis XIV

text: it. For preparation, he read two hundred volumes of material, plus many unpublished memoirs, as well as historical documents he found in the archives of the Louvre. In common with other Enlightenment philosophers, Voltaire saw the age of Alexander the Great and Pericles, the age of Caesar and Augustus, and the Italian Renaissance as "great ages" or "ages of light". He presented the age of Louis XIV as the fourth and greatest. The period covered by the history does not correspond either to the 17th century nor to the reign of Louis XIV, but from the last years of Cardinal

title: Louis, Duke of Burgundy

text: at the Palace of Versailles. In 1702, at the age of twenty, the Duke of Burgundy was admitted by his grandfather King Louis XIV to the "Conseil d'en haut" (High Council), which was in charge of state secrets regarding religion, diplomacy and war. His father had been admitted only at the age of thirty. In 1708, during the War of the Spanish Succession, Louis was given command of the army in Flanders, with the experienced soldier Louis Joseph, Duke of Vendôme, serving under him. The uncertainty as to which of the two should truly command the army led to delays

title: Louis, Grand Dauphin

text: Louis, Grand Dauphin Louis of France (1 November 1661 – 14 April 1711) was the eldest son and heir of Louis XIV, King of France, and his spouse, Maria Theresa of Spain. As the heir apparent to the French throne, he was styled Dauphin. He became known as Le Grand Dauphin after the birth of his own son, "Le Petit Dauphin". As he died before his father, he never became king. His grandson became Louis XV of France. Louis was born on 1 November 1661 at the Château de Fontainebleau, the eldest son of the young French King, Louis XIV

title: Louis XIV of France

text: philosopher, commended him as "one of the greatest kings that ever was". And Lord Acton admired him as "by far the ablest man who was born in modern times on the steps of a throne". The historian and philosopher Voltaire wrote: "His name can never be pronounced without respect and without summoning the image of an eternally memorable age". Voltaire's history, "The Age of Louis XIV", named Louis' reign as not only one of the four great ages in which reason and culture flourished, but the greatest ever. In 1848, at Nuneham House, a piece of Louis' mummified heart, taken

title: Louis XIV of France

text: of Louis' foreign policy in the next 50 years would be based on this marriage. Louis XIV was declared to have reached the age of majority on 7 September 1651. On the death of Mazarin, in March 1661, Louis assumed personal control of the reins of government and astonished his court by declaring that he would rule without a chief minister: "Up to this moment I have been pleased to entrust the government of my affairs to the late Cardinal. It is now time that I govern them myself. You [he was talking to the secretaries and ministers of state]

title: Louis XIV of France

text: in a wave of dragonnades, which managed to virtually destroy the French Protestant minority. During Louis' reign, France was the leading European power, and it fought three major wars: the Franco-Dutch War, the War of the League of Augsburg, and the War of the Spanish Succession. There were also two lesser conflicts: the War of Devolution and the War of the Reunions. Warfare defined the foreign policy of Louis XIV, and his personality shaped his approach. Impelled "by a mix of commerce, revenge, and pique", Louis sensed that warfare was the ideal way to enhance his glory. In peacetime he

title: Louis XV of France

text: from 1374 required that the kingdom be governed by a regent until Louis reached the age of thirteen. The title of Regent was given to his nearest relative, his cousin Philippe, the Duke of Orleans. Louis XIV, however, distrusted Philippe, who was a renowned soldier, but was regarded by the King as an atheist and libertine. The King referred privately to Philippe as a "Fanfaron des crimes" ("braggart of crimes"). Louis XIV wanted France to be ruled by his favorite but illegitimate son, Duke of Maine (illegitimate son of Louis XIV and Madame de Montespan), who was in the council.

title: Louis XIV furniture

text: in Los Angeles. The ornate and heavy chests of Louis XIII gradually disappeared were replaced by a new item of furniture, the commode, which had a column of drawers. In the earlier years of Louis XIV the chests were massive an geometric, sometimes with columns and pediments and panels of wood with carved decorative elements in diamond and other geometric shapes. The early chests and commodes were often of dark wood, which made them sombre. André-Charles Boulle lightened the appearance of the commodes with marquetry of ivory, mother of pearl, tin, and brass. He also used different colored woods to

title: Style Louis XIV

text: multicolor stones, bronze, paintings, and mirrors. These were inserted into an extremely framework of columns, pilasters, niches, which extended up the walls and up upon the ceiling. The doors were surrounded with medallions, frontons and bas-reliefs. The chimneys were smaller than those during the Louis XIII era, but more ornate, with a marble shelf supporting vases, below a carved frame with a painting or mirrors, all surrounded by a thick border of carved leaves or flowers. Decrative elements on the walls of the early Louis XIV style were usually intended to celebrate the military success, majesty and cultural achievements of

title: Style Louis XIV

text: Le Vau to construct an immense new palace at Versailles, to augment a smaller palace transformed from a hunting lodge by Louis XIII. This gradually became, over the decades, the master work of the Louis XIV style. Following the death of Le Vau in 1680, Jules Hardouin-Mansart took over the Versailles project; he broke away from the picturesque projections and dome and made a more sober and uniform facade of columns, with a flat roof topped by a balustrade and row of columns (1681). He used the same style to harmonize the other new buildings he created at Versailles, including

title: The King of Fighters XIV

text: improve the visuals. Critical reception to "The King of Fighters XIV" has been generally positive with video game publications praising the appeal of its fighting system to newcomers and experts of fighting games. However, it has also been criticized for its use of a graphic engine that supports real-time 3D rendering at an inferior quality to fighting games released during the 8th generation. The series inspired an ongoing manga while in December 2018, SNK announced they were working on a new sequel, "The King of Fighters XV". "The King of Fighters XIV" features full 3D models like "", but on

title: Louis XIV of France

text: from his tomb and kept in a silver locket by Lord Harcourt, Archbishop of York, was shown to the Dean of Westminster, William Buckland, who ate it. Numerous quotes have been attributed to Louis XIV by legend. The well-known "I am the state" (""L'état, c'est moi."") was reported from at least the late 18th century. It was widely repeated but also denounced as apocryphal by the early 19th century. He did say, "Every time I appoint someone to a vacant position, I make a hundred unhappy and one ungrateful." Louis is recorded by numerous eyewitnesses as having said on his

title: Louis XIV of France

text: in 1697 yielded a fortune of 10,000,000 livres. In July 1695, the city of Namur, occupied for three years by the French, was besieged by an allied army led by William III. Louis XIV ordered the surprise destruction of a Flemish city to divert the attention of these troops. This led to the bombardment of Brussels, in which 4-5000 buildings were destroyed, including the entire city-center. The strategy failed, as Namur fell three weeks later, but harmed Louis XIV's reputation: a century later, Napoleon deemed the bombardment "as barbarous as it was useless." Peace was broached by Sweden in 1690.

title: Descendants of Louis XIV of France

text: him), who eventually became Louis XVIII of France, a younger brother of the Duke's Father, Louis XVI of France, and was as such a member of the senior line of descent from Louis XIV and the Bourbon-Vendôme line of the House of Bourbon. After Louis XVIII's death, the throne went to yet another brother of Louis XVI, Charles, Count of Artois, who ascended the throne as Charles X of France. His son, Louis-Antoine, Duke of Angoulême, married "Madame Royale", daughter of his uncle, Louis XVI of France, in a move to unite both lines of Royal Family. However, the duke

title: Louis XIV of France

text: of Oudenarde, which enabled them to mount an invasion of France. France established contact with Francis II Rákóczi and promised support if he took up the cause of Hungarian independence. Defeats, famine, and mounting debt greatly weakened France. Between 1693 and 1710, over two million people died in two famines, made worse as foraging armies seized food supplies from the villages. In his desperation, Louis XIV even ordered a disastrous invasion of the English island of Guernsey in the autumn of 1704 with the aim of raiding their successful harvest. By the winter of 1708–1709, Louis was willing to accept

title: Louis XIV of France

text: unpleasant – a fate meted out to many children in all ages – but that Louis had to be taken into the confidence of his mother and Mazarin and political and military matters of which he could have no deep understanding". "The family home became at times a near-prison when Paris had to be abandoned, not in carefree outings to other chateaux but in humiliating flights". The royal family was driven out of Paris twice in this manner, and at one point Louis XIV and Anne were held under virtual arrest in the royal palace in Paris. The Fronde years

title: Louis XIV of France

text: rule. During his childhood, he was taken care of by the governesses Françoise de Lansac and Marie-Catherine de Senecey. In 1646, Nicolas V de Villeroy became the young king's tutor. Louis XIV became friends with Villeroy's young children, particularly François de Villeroy, and divided his time between the Palais-Royal and the nearby Hotel de Villeroy. On 14 May 1643, with Louis XIII dead, Queen Anne had her husband's will annulled by the "Parlement de Paris" (a judicial body comprising mostly nobles and high clergymen). This action abolished the regency council and made Anne sole Regent of France. Anne exiled some

title: Louis, Duke of Burgundy

text: young 21-year-old Dauphin, Louis, who would later be called "le Grand Dauphin", and his wife, Maria Anna Victoria of Bavaria. His father was the eldest son of King Louis XIV of France, by then at the height of his powers at age 44. At birth, he received the title of Duke of Burgundy ("duc de Bourgogne"). In addition, as the son of the Dauphin and grandson to the king, he was a "fils de France" and also second in the line of succession to his grandfather, King Louis XIV after his father. Louis grew up with his younger brothers: Philip,

title: Louis XIV (band)

text: out about it on CNN, the night before after the VMAs in Miami, we still got paid to play the show so we just hung out in Miami another day, we needed the break anyway. It was really very idiotic, I thought. I've been called a sexist and a male chauvinist. There was a really great article in San Francisco's paper, "The Guardian" which was called "10 Reasons Why You Should Not Like Louis XIV"; it was one of my favorite articles I've ever read about us. As it was all about the music being some of the best in

title: Style Louis XIV

text: of the Val-de-Grace hospital. The design was worked on successively by Mansart, Jacques Lemercier and Pierre Le Muet before being completed by Gabriel Leduc. Its picturesque tripartite facade, peristyle, detached columns, statues, and "tondi", make it the most Italianate and Baroque of Paris churches. It served as the prototype for the later domes of Les Invalides and the Pantheon. The next major church built under Louis XIV was the church of Les Invalides (1680-1706). The nave of the church, by Libéral Bruant, was comparable to those of other churches of the period, with ionic pilasters and penetratining vaults, and an