query: who started the first persian gulf war?

title: Persian Gulf

text: Persian Gulf The Persian Gulf (), is a mediterranean sea in Western Asia. The body of water is an extension of the Indian Ocean (Gulf of Oman) through the Strait of Hormuz and lies between Iran to the northeast and the Arabian Peninsula to the southwest. The Shatt al-Arab river delta forms the northwest shoreline. The Persian Gulf was a battlefield of the 1980–1988 Iran–Iraq War, in which each side attacked the other's oil tankers. It is the namesake of the 1991 Gulf War, the largely air- and land-based conflict that followed Iraq's invasion of Kuwait. The gulf has many

title: Persian Gulf

text: which the Allies transported equipment to Russia against the Nazi invasion. From 1763 until 1971, the British Empire maintained varying degrees of political control over some of the Persian Gulf states, including the United Arab Emirates (originally called the Trucial States) and at various times Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, and Qatar through the British Residency of the Persian Gulf. The United Kingdom maintains a high profile in the region to date; in 2006 alone, over 1 million British nationals visited Dubai. In 2014, the UK announced it will reestablish a permanent military base, HMS Jufair, in the Persian Gulf, the first

title: Persian Gulf Basin

text: Persian Gulf Basin The Persian Gulf Basin, is found between the Eurasian and the Arabian Plates. The Persian Gulf is described as a shallow marginal sea of the Indian Ocean that is located between the south western side of Iran and the Arabian Peninsula and south and southeastern side of Oman and the United Arab Emirates. Other countries that border the Persian Gulf basin include; Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Kuwait, Bahrain and Iraq. The Gulf extends a distance of 1000 km with an area of 240,000 square km. The Persian Gulf basin is a wedge-shaped foreland basin which lies beneath the

title: Gulf War

text: Gulf War The Gulf War (2 August 199028 February 1991), codenamed Operation Desert Shield (2 August 199017 January 1991) for operations leading to the buildup of troops and defense of Saudi Arabia and Operation Desert Storm (17 January 199128 February 1991) in its combat phase, was a war waged by coalition forces from 35 nations led by the United States against Iraq in response to Iraq's invasion and annexation of Kuwait arising from oil pricing and production disputes. The war is also known under other names, such as the Persian Gulf War, First Gulf War, Gulf War I, Kuwait War,

title: Persian Gulf

text: petrochemical industry. In 2002, the Persian Gulf nations of Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the UAE produced about 25% of the world's oil, held nearly two-thirds of the world's crude oil reserves, and about 35% of the world's natural gas reserves. The oil-rich countries (excluding Iraq) that have a coastline on the Persian Gulf are referred to as the "Persian Gulf States". Iraq's egress to the gulf is narrow and easily blockaded consisting of the marshy river delta of the Shatt al-Arab, which carries the waters of the Euphrates and the Tigris rivers, where the east bank

title: Persian Gulf naming dispute

text: "Persian Gulf" as the "Conventional" name, along with 14 "Variant" names in different languages, such as "Gulf of Iran", "Gulf of Ajam", "Gulf of Basra", "Arabian Gulf", "Persian-Arabian Gulf", "Gulf of Fars", and "Farsi Gulf". In "Persian Gulf States Country Studies" published in 1993 by the Federal Research Division of the U.S. Library of Congress, the authors follow the practise of the BGN by using "Persian Gulf" while acknowledging that the governments of Kuwait, Qatar, United Arab Emirates, Oman and Bahrain "officially reject the use of the term Persian Gulf—as do other Arab governments—and refer to that body of water

title: Media coverage of the Gulf War

text: Media coverage of the Gulf War The Persian Gulf War (2 August 1990 – 28 February 1991), codenamed Operation Desert Storm (17 January 1991 – 28 February 1991) and commonly referred to as the Gulf War, was a war waged by a United Nations-authorized coalition force from 34 nations led by the United States against Iraq in response to Iraq's invasion and annexation of Kuwait. Media coverage of the Gulf War was significant for many reasons including CNN's live reporting from a Baghdad hotel, alternative and international coverage, and the use of images. The Persian Gulf War was a heavily

title: Persian Gulf

text: Doha. Persian Gulf islands are often also historically significant, having been used in the past by colonial powers such as the Portuguese and the British in their trade or as acquisitions for their empires. Eight nations have coasts along the Persian Gulf: Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates. The gulf's strategic location has made it an ideal place for human development over time. Today, many major cities of the Middle East are located in this region. The wildlife of the Persian Gulf is diverse, and entirely unique due to the gulf's geographic distribution

title: Persian Gulf

text: since it withdrew from East of Suez in 1971. The Persian Gulf is home to many islands such as Bahrain, an Arab state. Geographically the biggest island in the Persian Gulf is Qeshm island located in the Strait of Hormuz and belongs to Iran. Other significant islands in the Persian Gulf include Greater Tunb, Lesser Tunb and Kish administered by Iran, Bubiyan administered by Kuwait, Tarout administered by Saudi Arabia, and Dalma administered by UAE. In recent years, there has also been addition of artificial islands for tourist attractions, such as The World Islands in Dubai and The Pearl-Qatar in

title: Arab states of the Persian Gulf

text: methods by Japanese scientists. According to the World Bank, most of these Arab states have been the world's most generous donors of aid as a share of GDP. Arab states of the Persian Gulf The Arab states of the Persian Gulf are the seven Arab states which border the Persian Gulf, namely Bahrain, Iraq, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates (UAE). This excludes the non-Arab state of Iran. All of these nations except Iraq are part of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), and prefer to use the term "Arabian Gulf" rather than "Persian Gulf". Some states

title: Arab states of the Persian Gulf

text: Arab states of the Persian Gulf The Arab states of the Persian Gulf are the seven Arab states which border the Persian Gulf, namely Bahrain, Iraq, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates (UAE). This excludes the non-Arab state of Iran. All of these nations except Iraq are part of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), and prefer to use the term "Arabian Gulf" rather than "Persian Gulf". Some states are constitutional monarchies with elected parliaments. Bahrain ("Majlis al Watani") and Kuwait ("Majlis al Ummah") have legislatures with members elected by the population. The Sultanate of Oman also

title: Persian Gulf Residency

text: Persian Gulf Residency The Persian Gulf Residency was an official colonial subdivision (i.e., residency) of the British Raj from 1763 until 1947 (and remained British protectorates after Indian independence in 1947, up to 1971), whereby the United Kingdom maintained varying degrees of political and economic control over several states in the Persian Gulf, including what is today known as the United Arab Emirates (formerly called the "Trucial States") and at various times southern portions of Persia, Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, and Qatar. British interest in the Persian Gulf originated in the sixteenth century and steadily increased as British India's importance rose

title: Persian Gulf

text: at its narrowest, in the Strait of Hormuz. The waters are overall very shallow, with a maximum depth of and an average depth of . Countries with a coastline on the Persian Gulf are (clockwise, from the north): Iran; Oman's Musandam exclave; the United Arab Emirates; Saudi Arabia Qatar, on a peninsula off the Saudi coast; Bahrain, on an island; Kuwait; and Iraq in the northwest. Various small islands also lie within the Persian Gulf, some of which are the subject of territorial disputes between the states of the region. The International Hydrographic Organization defines the Persian Gulf's southern limit

title: Persian Gulf (horse)

text: winners included the British Classic Race winners Parthia and Zabara, the leading stayer Zarathustra and the Champion Hurdler Persian War. Other good horses sired by Persian Gulf included Abadan (Cork and Orrery Stakes, Diadem Stakes), Agreement (Doncaster Cup), Arabian Night (second in the 1954 Epsom Derby), Persian Road (Ebor Handicap, sire of Dark Mirage), Queen of Sheba (Irish 1000 Guineas, Royal Hunt Cup), Rustam (Champagne Stakes) and Tamerlane (St James's Palace Stakes). He died in 1964 at the age of 24. Persian Gulf (horse) Persian Gulf (1940–1964) was a British Thoroughbred racehorse and sire, who raced during World War II.

title: Persian Gulf

text: the southern shore lines. During the 7th century the Sassanid Persian empire conquered the whole of the Persian Gulf, including southern and northern shores. Between 625 BC and 226 AD, the northern side was dominated by a succession of Persian empires including the Median, Achaemenid, Seleucid and Parthian empires. Under the leadership of the Achaemenid king Darius the Great (Darius I), Persian ships found their way to the Persian Gulf. Persian naval forces laid the foundation for a strong Persian maritime presence in Persian Gulf, that started with Darius I and existed until the arrival of the British East India

title: Persian Gulf Forever

text: lyrics was written by "Adel Hasani" to defend Persian Gulf's historic reality, based on Persian Gulf naming dispute started by some Arab politicians especially supported by the governments of the Persian Gulf Arab States in the late 1960s. This song officially released on the label of Taraneh Records in 1990 in the United States of America and its first live performance was in Paris, France. The name became a motto for this artistic protest movement in Iran. Also the name "Persian Gulf Forever" was known as one of the 100 best brands of Iran by a national festival in the

title: Persian Gulf University

text: Engineering, Industrial Engineering Intercontinental Transportation Management Persian Gulf University,Davvas, Shahid Mahini Street, Bushehr 7516913817 IRAN Persian Gulf University Persian Gulf University (in Persian: دانشگاه خلیج فارس) is a university in Bushehr Province of Iran. Established in 1991 as Bushehr University, the university has 7 schools, offering 24 bachelor's degrees, and 33 master's degrees and 3 Ph.D degrees. Persian Gulf University is located in the coastal city of Bushehr. It is a state university under the supervision of the Ministry of Science, Research and Technology. Established in 1991 as Bushehr University, it started as a "Technical & Engineering College" with two

title: Persian Gulf University

text: Persian Gulf University Persian Gulf University (in Persian: دانشگاه خلیج فارس) is a university in Bushehr Province of Iran. Established in 1991 as Bushehr University, the university has 7 schools, offering 24 bachelor's degrees, and 33 master's degrees and 3 Ph.D degrees. Persian Gulf University is located in the coastal city of Bushehr. It is a state university under the supervision of the Ministry of Science, Research and Technology. Established in 1991 as Bushehr University, it started as a "Technical & Engineering College" with two majors of Mechanical and Civil Engineering. Today, Persian Gulf University (PGU) consists of eight faculties

title: Persian Gulf (horse)

text: Persian Gulf (horse) Persian Gulf (1940–1964) was a British Thoroughbred racehorse and sire, who raced during World War II. He was a slow-maturing horse who did not race until he was three years old and failed to win in his first season although he finished fourth in both the Derby and the St Leger. As a four-year-old in 1944 he established himself as arguably the best horse in Britain by winning four of his five races, culminating with an emphatic win in a substitute Coronation Cup. His racing career was ended by injury less than a month later. He later

title: Persian Gulf

text: Baghdad, Midhat Pasha, the ruling Al Thani tribe submitted peacefully to Ottoman rule. The Ottomans were forced to withdraw from the area with the start of World War I and the need for troops in various other frontiers. In World War II, the Western Allies used Iran as a conduit to transport military and industrial supply to the USSR, through a pathway known historically as the "Persian Corridor". Britain utilized the Persian Gulf as the entry point for the supply chain in order to make use of the Trans-Iranian Railway. The Persian Gulf therefore became a critical maritime path through

title: Persian Gulf Forever

text: Persian Gulf Forever The Persian Gulf Forever () or the Persian Gulf () also shortly known by Ebi's 1990 album's name The Gulf () is a Persian language political, protest and nationalistic song performed by plenty of Iranian singers, inside and outside the country. Finally, the song became a hit by Ebi Hamedi's version which produced by Mohammad Shams (with co-production by Ebi)ا. It is the first single from the singer's first 1990s solo album, "Khalij" (). The song is one of the greatest hits of Hamedi. Persian Gulf Forever was released in 1990 as the album's first single. Its

title: Persian Gulf

text: are dolphins and whales. Their simple grass diet is negatively affected by new developments along the Persian Gulf coastline, particularly the construction of artificial islands by Arab states and pollution from oil spills caused during the "Persian Gulf war" and various other natural and artificial causes. Uncontrolled hunting has also had a negative impact on the survival of dugongs. After Australian waters, which are estimated to contain some 80,000 dugong inhabitants, the waters off Qatar, Bahrain, UAE, and Saudi Arabia make the Persian Gulf the second most important habitat for the species, hosting some 7,500 remaining dugongs. However, the current

title: 2015–16 Persian Gulf Pro League

text: 2015–16 Persian Gulf Pro League The 2015–16 Persian Gulf Pro League (formerly known as Iran Pro League) was the 33rd season of Iran's Football League and 15th as Persian Gulf Pro League since its establishment in 2001. Sepahan were the defending champions. The season featured 14 teams from the 2014–15 Persian Gulf Cup and two new teams promoted from the 2014–15 Azadegan League: Siah Jamegan and Esteghlal Ahvaz. The league started on 30 July 2015 and ended on 13 May 2016. Esteghlal Khuzestan won the Pro League title for the first time in their history (total first Iranian title). <section

title: Senior Naval Officer, Persian Gulf

text: presence called the Persian Gulf Squadron later the Persian Gulf Division. The "Senior Naval Office Persian Gulf" gradually became an important position throughout the twentieth century by supporting Britain's strategic interests in the region, he reported to the Commander-in-Chief, East Indies Station. The Persian Gulf was one of the areas of naval operations during First World War in which it assumed a level of importance during the Mesopotamian campaign, its operations consisted of patrolling, keeping the peace and ensuring the continued supply of oil from the region. In May 1942 it then became part of the Eastern Fleet command until

title: Persian Gulf

text: BC, the southern part of the Persian Gulf was dominated by the Dilmun civilization. For a long time the most important settlement on the southern coast of the Persian Gulf was Gerrha. In the 2nd century the Lakhum tribe, who lived in what is now Yemen, migrated north and founded the Lakhmid Kingdom along the southern coast. Occasional ancient battles took place along the Persian Gulf coastlines, between the Sassanid Persian empire and the Lakhmid Kingdom, the most prominent of which was the invasion led by Shapur II against the Lakhmids, leading to Lakhmids' defeat, and advancement into Arabia, along

title: Persian Gulf

text: and its isolation from the international waters only breached by the narrow Strait of Hormuz. The Persian Gulf has hosted some of the most magnificent marine fauna and flora, some of which are near extirpation or at serious environmental risk. From corals, to dugongs, Persian Gulf is a diverse cradle for many species who depend on each other for survival. However, the gulf is not as biologically diverse as the Red Sea. Overall, the wild life of the Persian Gulf is endangered from both global factors, and regional, local negligence. Most pollution is from ships; land generated pollution counts as

title: Persian Gulf (horse)

text: in a maiden race in August. The "New St Leger" was run over one mile and six furlong at the Newmarket July course in September. Persian Gulf again ran well to finish fourth behind Herringbone, Ribbon and Straight Deal. Persian Gulf reached his peak as a four-year-old in 1944. One result of the wartime restrictions was that only horses who had been placed in the first three were allowed to remain in training: Persian Gulf qualified by virtue of his second place in the August maiden. After winning three times in spring, he was beaten by a neck when attempting

title: 2008–09 Persian Gulf Cup

text: is the list of coaches who left their teams after the start of the season. "Last updated April 26, 2009" Team Shirt manufacturers 2008–09 Persian Gulf Cup The 2008–09 Persian Gulf Cup (also known as Iran Pro League) was the 26th season of Iran's Football League and eighth as Iran Pro League since its establishment in 2001. Persepolis were the defending champions. The season featured 15 teams from the 2007–08 Persian Gulf Cup and two new teams promoted from the 2007–08 Azadegan League: Payam Mashhad as champions and Foolad. Damash replaced Pegah. The league started on 4 August 2008 and

title: 2007–08 Persian Gulf Cup

text: ninth Iranian title). Below is the list of coaches who left their teams after the start of the season. "Last updated March 17, 2008" 2007–08 Persian Gulf Cup The 2007–08 Persian Gulf Cup (also known as Iran Pro League) was the 25th season of Iran's Football League and seventh as Iran Pro League since its establishment in 2001. Saipa were the defending champions. The season featured 13 teams from the 2006–07 Persian Gulf Cup and three new teams promoted from the 2006–07 Azadegan League: Shirin Faraz as champions, Pegah and Sanat Naft. PAS Hamedan replaced PAS Tehran. The league started

title: 2007–08 Persian Gulf Cup

text: 2007–08 Persian Gulf Cup The 2007–08 Persian Gulf Cup (also known as Iran Pro League) was the 25th season of Iran's Football League and seventh as Iran Pro League since its establishment in 2001. Saipa were the defending champions. The season featured 13 teams from the 2006–07 Persian Gulf Cup and three new teams promoted from the 2006–07 Azadegan League: Shirin Faraz as champions, Pegah and Sanat Naft. PAS Hamedan replaced PAS Tehran. The league started on 16 August 2007 and ended on 17 May 2008. Persepolis won the Pro League title for the first time in their history (total

title: Persian Gulf

text: fishing grounds, extensive reefs (mostly rocky, but also coral), and abundant pearl oysters, but its ecology has been damaged by industrialization and oil spills. The body of water is historically and internationally known as the "Persian Gulf". Some Arab governments refer to it as the "Arabian Gulf" () or "The Gulf", but neither term is recognized internationally. The name "Gulf of Iran (Persian Gulf)" is used by the International Hydrographic Organization. The Persian Gulf resides in the Persian Gulf Basin, which is of Cenozoic origin and related to the subduction of the Arabian Plate under the Zagros Mountains. The current

title: Persian Gulf Command

text: Persian Gulf Command The Persian Gulf Command was a United States Army service command established in December 1943 to assure the supply of U.S. lend-lease war material to the Soviet Union. Its history originated in September 1941, when the U.S. Military Iranian Mission led by Engineer officer COL Raymond A. Wheeler (later CG) was established to facilitate lend-lease supply to the U.S.S.R. At this same time, the Iranian District of the North Atlantic Division was set up to provide construction support. In August 1942 the mission was re-designated as the Persian Gulf Service Command, and in December 1943 became the

title: Persian Gulf naming dispute

text: the Arabian Gulf." The 2000 "AP Stylebook" elaborates: Persian Gulf is the "long-established name" and the best choice. "Some Arab nations call it the Arabian Gulf. Use Arabian Gulf only in direct quotations and explain in the text that the body of water is more commonly known as the Persian Gulf." In 2004, the Persian Gulf-naming dispute was the subject of a Google bomb by an Iranian blogger named Pendar Yousefi. This was the combined efforts of hundreds of bloggers, webmasters and Persian forums who pointed links with the word Arabian Gulf to a spoof error page found at this

title: Persian Gulf naming dispute

text: It also used the name "Arabian Gulf" in the same article. Google had previously put both Persian Gulf and Arabian Gulf on its Google Maps. After May 2012, it removed both names from the body of water stating that it does not name every place in the world and that it did not want to take a political stance. Iranians complained about the change and started a Twitter campaign asking "Where's the Persian Gulf?". Google Earth continues to show both names, unless viewed through a server from a Gulf Coast Arab country, in which case it labels it simply "Arabian

title: Migrant workers in the Persian Gulf region

text: point out the longstanding relationship between Indians and the Persian Gulf, where many stayed for generations and even became citizens. The second wave may be defined as the migration which took place after the British arrived in the Persian Gulf region in 1820. The British conflict with the Al Qasimi family, who held control over the Strait of Hormuz, started with the British refusal to pay toll for British ships passing through the Strait. Conflict broke out and the Qawasim fleet was destroyed. Pax Britannica was applied to the whole region, which included a series of treaties imposed on the

title: Gulf War syndrome

text: Infectious Diseases" similarly found no increased rate of hospitalization and better health on average for veterans of the Persian Gulf War in comparison to those who stayed home. In contrast to those early studies, in January 2006, a study led by Melvin Blanchard published in the "Journal of Epidemiology", part of the "National Health Survey of Gulf War-Era Veterans and Their Families", found that veterans deployed in the Persian Gulf War had nearly twice the prevalence of chronic multisymptom illness, a cluster of symptoms similar to a set of conditions often at that time called Gulf War Syndrome. On November

title: Persian Gulf

text: fall of Achaemenid Empire, and after the fall of the Parthian Empire, the Sassanid empire ruled the northern half and at times the southern half of the Persian Gulf. The Persian Gulf, along with the Silk Road, were important trade routes in the Sassanid empire. Many of the trading ports of the Persian empires were located in or around Persian Gulf. Siraf, an ancient Sassanid port that was located on the northern shore of the gulf, located in what is now the Iranian province of Bushehr, is an example of such commercial port. Siraf, was also significant in that it

title: Afsharid Conquests in the Persian Gulf & Oman

text: a tumultuous period of unrelenting civil strife and internal war, due to Nader's increasingly brutal rule. The empire collapsed in the immediate aftermath of his assassination, leading to many of these conquests to be lost. Afsharid Conquests in the Persian Gulf & Oman The Afsharid Conquest of the Persian Gulf was an imperial venture by the Persian Empire, ruled by Nader Shah, to establish Persia as the hegemon of the Persian Gulf and its surroundings. The numerous campaigns that were undertaken were initially very successful and achieved a great many objectives, however, the rebellion of Nader's appointed "Darya Salar" (Admiral),

title: Persian Gulf Online Organization

text: Gulf stamps . Persian Gulf Online Organization The Persian Gulf Online Organization (or Persian Gulf Organization PGO, also known as Iranians for International Cooperation (IIC)'s Persian Gulf Task Force or PGTF) is a non-governmental entity consisting of a network of volunteers across the globe dedicated to promoting the name Persian Gulf against the alternative name "Arabian Gulf" in the Persian Gulf naming dispute. Its members live in several countries around the world. PGO's members' efforts are mostly undertaken via the internet. On their website, current news about the Persian Gulf, maps, articles, bibliographies about the Persian Gulf, conferences, and other

title: Senior Naval Officer, Persian Gulf

text: Senior Naval Officer, Persian Gulf The Senior Naval Officer, Persian Gulf was a British Royal Navy command appointment who was responsible for administering the Persian Gulf Station military formation including its establishments and naval forces known as the Persian Gulf Squadron later called the Persian Gulf Division. Initially located at Basidu, Qishm Island in Persia (c. 1823-1850-1935), then Henjam IslandPersia, (1911-1935) and finally Ras Al-Jufair, Bahrain from 1935 to 1972. British naval presence in the Persian Gulf began in the early nineteenth century with temporary naval forces assembled for specific operations until the establishment of a more constant naval force

title: Senior Naval Officer, Persian Gulf

title: Persian Gulf

text: is held by Iran. In 550 BC, the Achaemenid Empire established the first ancient empire in Persis ("Pars", or modern "Fars"), in the southwestern region of the Iranian plateau. Consequently, in the Greek sources, the body of water that bordered this province came to be known as the "Persian Gulf". During the years 550 to 330 BC, coinciding with the sovereignty of the Achaemenid Persian Empire over the Middle East area, especially the whole part of the Persian Gulf and some parts of the Arabian Peninsula, the name of "Pars Sea" is widely found in the compiled written texts. In

title: Persian Gulf Online Organization

text: Persian Gulf Online Organization The Persian Gulf Online Organization (or Persian Gulf Organization PGO, also known as Iranians for International Cooperation (IIC)'s Persian Gulf Task Force or PGTF) is a non-governmental entity consisting of a network of volunteers across the globe dedicated to promoting the name Persian Gulf against the alternative name "Arabian Gulf" in the Persian Gulf naming dispute. Its members live in several countries around the world. PGO's members' efforts are mostly undertaken via the internet. On their website, current news about the Persian Gulf, maps, articles, bibliographies about the Persian Gulf, conferences, and other information can be

title: Battle of Persian Gulf II

text: Battle of Persian Gulf II Battle of Persian Gulf II is a 2017 Iranian computer adult animated epic war film directed by Farhad Azima. The content of the animation is focused on a brainchild prospective war between U.S. Navy and Iranian Revolutionary Guard in Persian Gulf. The hero of the film is "Commander Qasem" which is mentioning to Qasem Soleimani "The Shadow Commander", according to Farhad Azima. Farhad Azima, the director, has declared in an interview that the animation can be a response to the recent administrated president of United States, Donald Trump:"I hope that the film shows Trump how

title: Persian Gulf Forever

text: and Tonbs Islands, in some editions of the song. With every look I kiss the sky of this land (Iran), for thousand times I take my breath from White River, the sky of Caspian Sea and the Persian Gulf Forever My gaze takes brightness from the Greater and Lesser Tunbs and Abu Musa (Islands) Persian Gulf Forever The Persian Gulf Forever () or the Persian Gulf () also shortly known by Ebi's 1990 album's name The Gulf () is a Persian language political, protest and nationalistic song performed by plenty of Iranian singers, inside and outside the country. Finally, the

title: 2017–18 Persian Gulf Pro League

text: 2017–18 Persian Gulf Pro League The 2017–18 Persian Gulf Pro League (formerly known as Iran Pro League) was the 35th season of Iran's Football League and 17th as Persian Gulf Pro League since its establishment in 2001. Persepolis were the defending champions. The season featured 14 teams from the 2016–17 Persian Gulf Pro League and two new teams promoted from the 2016–17 Azadegan League: Pars Jonoubi Jam as champions and Sepidrood. The league started on 27 July 2017 and ended on 27 April 2018. Persepolis won the Pro League title for the fourth time in their history, a total 11th

title: 2016–17 Persian Gulf Pro League

text: 2016–17 Persian Gulf Pro League The 2016–17 Persian Gulf Pro League (formerly known as Iran Pro League) was the 34th season of Iran's Football League and 16th as Persian Gulf Pro League since its establishment in 2001. Esteghlal Khuzestan were the defending champions. The season featured 13 teams from the 2015–16 Persian Gulf Pro League and three new teams promoted from the 2015–16 Azadegan League: Paykan as champions, Machine Sazi and Sanat Naft. The league started on 25 July 2016 and ended on 4 May 2017. Persepolis won the Pro League title for the third time in their history (total

title: 2014–15 Persian Gulf Pro League

text: 2014–15 Persian Gulf Pro League The 2014–15 Persian Gulf Pro League (formerly known as Iran Pro League) was the 32nd season of Iran's Football League and 14th as Persian Gulf Pro League since its establishment in 2001. Foolad were the defending champions. The season featured 13 teams from the 2013–14 Persian Gulf Cup and three new teams promoted from the 2013–14 Azadegan League: Padideh as champions, Naft Masjed Soleyman and Paykan. The league started on 1 August and ended on 15 May 2015. Sepahan won the Pro League title for the fifth time in their history (total fifth Iranian title).

title: Senior Naval Officer, Persian Gulf

text: Persian Gulf. On 1 November 2015, it was announced that HMS "Jufair" would be reestablished as a permanent base in the Middle East for the Royal navy. On 5 April 2018, the UK Naval Support Facility was officially opened. The Persian Gulf Station encompassed the Persian Gulf and Straits of Hormuz. The British established a Persian Gulf Squadron in the mid-nineteenth century to support the Political Resident Persian Gulf, (PRPG) who was responsible for all of Britains relationships in the region. The SNOPG was originally headquartered at Basidu on-board his ship from 1823 onward. A permanent depot and headquarters was

title: Piracy in the Persian Gulf

text: questioned an Arab servant named Khudádád about the Jawasmi (the main pirate tribe in the Persian Gulf), Khudádád professed that "their occupation is piracy, and their delight murder; and to make it worse, they give you the most pious reasons for every villainy they commit". One of the earliest mentions of piracy by the British comes from a letter written by William Bowyear dated in 1767. It describes a Persian pirate named Mīr Muhannā. The letter states ""In his day, he was a major source of concern for all those who traded along the Persian Gulf and his exploits were

title: Gulf War

text: stations. Local media outlets in cities across the USA screened similar oppositional media. The organization Fairness and Accuracy in Reporting (FAIR) critically analyzed media coverage during the war in various articles and books, such as the 1991 "Gulf War Coverage: The Worst Censorship was at Home". The following names have been used to describe the conflict itself: "Gulf War" and "Persian Gulf War" are the most common terms for the conflict used within western countries, though it may also be called the "First Gulf War" (to distinguish it from the 2003 invasion of Iraq and the subsequent Iraq War). Some

title: 2012–13 Persian Gulf Cup

text: 2012–13 Persian Gulf Cup The 2012–13 Persian Gulf Cup (also known as Iran Pro League) was the 30th season of Iran's Football League and 12th as Iran Pro League since its establishment in 2001. Sepahan were the defending champions. The season featured 15 teams from the 2011–12 Persian Gulf Cup and three new teams promoted from the 2011–12 Azadegan League: Paykan as champions, Aluminium Hormozgan and Gahar Zagros. The league started on 19 July 2012 and ended on 10 May 2013. Esteghlal won the Pro League title for the third time in their history (total eighth Iranian title). After the

title: 2011–12 Persian Gulf Cup

text: best player of the second half. Karim Ansarifard and Omid Alishah also won the best young players of the tournament. 2011–12 Persian Gulf Cup The 2011–12 Persian Gulf Cup (also known as Iran Pro League) was the 29th season of Iran's Football League and 11th as Iran Pro League since its establishment in 2001. Sepahan were the defending champions. The season featured 15 teams from the 2010–11 Persian Gulf Cup and three new teams promoted from the 2010–11 Azadegan League: Damash as champions, Mes Sarcheshmeh and Fajr Sepasi. The league started on 2 August 2011 and ended on 11 May

title: 2013–14 Persian Gulf Cup

text: 2013–14 Persian Gulf Cup The 2013–14 Persian Gulf Cup (also known as Iran Pro League) was the 31st season of Iran's Football League and 13th as Iran Pro League since its establishment in 2001. Esteghlal were the defending champions. The season featured 14 teams from the 2012–13 Persian Gulf Cup and two new teams promoted from the 2012–13 Azadegan League: Esteghlal Khuzestan and Gostaresh both as champions. The league started on 24 July 2013 and ended on 11 April 2014. Foolad won the Pro League title for the second time in their history (total second Iranian title). 2013–14 Iran Pro

title: 2011–12 Persian Gulf Cup

text: 2011–12 Persian Gulf Cup The 2011–12 Persian Gulf Cup (also known as Iran Pro League) was the 29th season of Iran's Football League and 11th as Iran Pro League since its establishment in 2001. Sepahan were the defending champions. The season featured 15 teams from the 2010–11 Persian Gulf Cup and three new teams promoted from the 2010–11 Azadegan League: Damash as champions, Mes Sarcheshmeh and Fajr Sepasi. The league started on 2 August 2011 and ended on 11 May 2012. Sepahan won the Pro League title for the fourth time in their history (total fourth Iranian title). Siamak Kouroshi

title: 2010–11 Persian Gulf Cup

text: 2010–11 Persian Gulf Cup The 2010–11 Persian Gulf Cup (also known as Iran Pro League) was the 28th season of Iran's Football League and tenth as Iran Pro League since its establishment in 2001. Sepahan were the defending champions. The season featured 15 teams from the 2009–10 Persian Gulf Cup and three new teams promoted from the 2009–10 Azadegan League: Shahrdari Tabriz and Naft Tehran both as champions and Sanat Naft. The league started on 26 July 2010 and ended on 20 May 2011. Sepahan won the Pro League title for the third time in their history (total third Iranian

title: 2009–10 Persian Gulf Cup

text: 2009–10 Persian Gulf Cup The 2009–10 Persian Gulf Cup (also known as Iran Pro League) was the 27th season of Iran's Football League and ninth as Iran Pro League since its establishment in 2001. Esteghlal were the defending champions. The season featured 15 teams from the 2008–09 Persian Gulf Cup and three new teams promoted from the 2008–09 Azadegan League: Steel Azin and Tractor Sazi both as champions and Shahin Bushehr. The league started on 6 August 2009 and ended on 19 May 2010. Sepahan won the Pro League title for the second time in their history (total second Iranian

title: 2008–09 Persian Gulf Cup

text: 2008–09 Persian Gulf Cup The 2008–09 Persian Gulf Cup (also known as Iran Pro League) was the 26th season of Iran's Football League and eighth as Iran Pro League since its establishment in 2001. Persepolis were the defending champions. The season featured 15 teams from the 2007–08 Persian Gulf Cup and two new teams promoted from the 2007–08 Azadegan League: Payam Mashhad as champions and Foolad. Damash replaced Pegah. The league started on 4 August 2008 and ended on 26 April 2009. Esteghlal won the Pro League title for the second time in their history (total seventh Iranian title). Below

title: 2009–10 Persian Gulf Cup

text: title). Last updated: May 26, 2010Source: iplstats.com/scorers Last updated: May 26, 2010Source: iplstats.com/assistants Last updated: May 26, 2010Source: iplstats.com/cards Last updated: May 26, 2010Source: iplstats.com/ appearances 2009–10 Persian Gulf Cup The 2009–10 Persian Gulf Cup (also known as Iran Pro League) was the 27th season of Iran's Football League and ninth as Iran Pro League since its establishment in 2001. Esteghlal were the defending champions. The season featured 15 teams from the 2008–09 Persian Gulf Cup and three new teams promoted from the 2008–09 Azadegan League: Steel Azin and Tractor Sazi both as champions and Shahin Bushehr. The league started

title: Persian Gulf Forever

text: the City"» which directed by Rakhshan Bani-Etemad a prominent Iranian director. The song and its live music video was added to RadioJavan in February 19, 2013. until July 14, 2016 the song received over 2.3 million plays in «"Bia2.com"» a famous online listening Persian Music website. The phrase "Persian Gulf Forever" and the word "Persian", was mentioned on the song for five times. Also the lyrics mentioned Iranian historical sovereignty over the Abu Mosa and Greater and Lesser Tunbs Islands. The "Persian Gulf Forever" performed by "Mahmoud Aligholi" for the first time in 1981. afterwards the song was so famous

title: 2006–07 Persian Gulf Cup

text: /> <section end=table /> "Last updated May 27, 2007" 2006–07 Persian Gulf Cup The 2006–07 Persian Gulf Cup (also known as Iran Pro League) was the 24th season of Iran's Football League and sixth as Iran Pro League since its establishment in 2001. Esteghlal were the defending champions. The season featured 14 teams from the 2005–06 Iran Pro League and two new teams promoted from the 2005–06 Azadegan League: Mes Kerman as champions and Paykan as runner-up. The league started on 9 September 2006 and ended on 28 May 2007. Saipa won the Pro League title for the first time

title: 2006–07 Persian Gulf Cup

text: 2006–07 Persian Gulf Cup The 2006–07 Persian Gulf Cup (also known as Iran Pro League) was the 24th season of Iran's Football League and sixth as Iran Pro League since its establishment in 2001. Esteghlal were the defending champions. The season featured 14 teams from the 2005–06 Iran Pro League and two new teams promoted from the 2005–06 Azadegan League: Mes Kerman as champions and Paykan as runner-up. The league started on 9 September 2006 and ended on 28 May 2007. Saipa won the Pro League title for the first time in their history (total third Iranian title). <section begin=table

title: Persian Gulf

text: National Persian Gulf day in Iran. With the support of the British fleet, in 1622 'Abbās took the island of Hormuz from the Portuguese; much of the trade was diverted to the town of Bandar 'Abbās, which he had taken from the Portuguese in 1615 and had named after himself. The Persian Gulf was therefore opened by Persians to a flourishing commerce with the Portuguese, Dutch, French, Spanish and the British merchants, who were granted particular privileges. The Ottoman Empire reasserted itself into Eastern Arabia in 1871. Under military and political pressure from the governor of the Ottoman Vilayet of

title: Persian Gulf Command

text: Persia in olden days, and also stands for Islam, which is the religion of both Iran and Iraq. The colors red, green and white are found in the flags of both countries. Background: The date the insignia was originally approved is not contained in the Institute of Heraldry files. Correspondence dated 13 May 1944 indicates the insignia drawing may be declassified. The unclassified drawing was approved on 29 August 1944. Persian Gulf Command The Persian Gulf Command was a United States Army service command established in December 1943 to assure the supply of U.S. lend-lease war material to the Soviet

title: Persian Gulf

text: flooding of the basin started 15,000 years ago due to rising sea levels of the Holocene glacial retreat. This inland sea of some is connected to the Gulf of Oman in the east by the Strait of Hormuz; and its western end is marked by the major river delta of the Shatt al-Arab, which carries the waters of the Euphrates and the Tigris. In Iran this is called "Arvand Rood", where "Rood" means "river". Its length is , with Iran covering most of the northern coast and Saudi Arabia most of the southern coast. The Persian Gulf is about wide

title: 2012–13 Persian Gulf Cup

text: for their service to the Iranian football. https://web.archive.org/web/20150621212129/http://www.guilaneno.com/%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD%D9%87%20%D9%86%D8%AE%D8%B3%D8%AA 2012–13 Persian Gulf Cup The 2012–13 Persian Gulf Cup (also known as Iran Pro League) was the 30th season of Iran's Football League and 12th as Iran Pro League since its establishment in 2001. Sepahan were the defending champions. The season featured 15 teams from the 2011–12 Persian Gulf Cup and three new teams promoted from the 2011–12 Azadegan League: Paykan as champions, Aluminium Hormozgan and Gahar Zagros. The league started on 19 July 2012 and ended on 10 May 2013. Esteghlal won the Pro League title for the third time in

title: Persian Gulf Basin

text: processes also affected the area through creation of regional uplift, extensive erosions some basement tectonics. Therefore, the consistent tectonic geological evolution and the structural settings that resulted thereafter formed the Arabian plate after successive tectonic regimes. Persian Gulf Basin The Persian Gulf Basin, is found between the Eurasian and the Arabian Plates. The Persian Gulf is described as a shallow marginal sea of the Indian Ocean that is located between the south western side of Iran and the Arabian Peninsula and south and southeastern side of Oman and the United Arab Emirates. Other countries that border the Persian Gulf basin

title: Persian War (horse)

text: However, many observers felt that Persian War could have accomplished more if not for the interference of his owner Henry Alper, who employed six trainers to prepare the horse during his career and often targeted unsuitable races. Persian War was bred by Astor Stud, and was a big bay gelding. His sire, Persian Gulf, was a son of Triple Crown winner Bahram and had won the Coronation Cup in 1944. His dam, Warning, was a big boned daughter of champion sire Chanteur (also the winner of the Coronation Cup), and had produced Escort, who finished fourth in the Derby. Persian

title: Persian Gulf (horse)

text: Cecil Boyd-Rochfort on behalf of Zia Wernher in October 1927. She proved to be a top-class racemare, winning the Cambridgeshire Handicap in 1929. After her retirement from racing she became a highly influential broodmare: in addition to Persian Gulf she produced Precipitation and was the female-line ancestor of Meld, Charlottown, Kalaglow, Ramonti and Shahtoush. Persian Gulf was trained throughout his racing career by Boyd-Rochfort at his Freemason Lodge stable at Newmarket, Suffolk. Why Hurry's racing career took place during World War II during which horse racing in Britain was subject to many restrictions. Several major racecourses, including Epsom and Doncaster,

title: Persian Gulf naming dispute

text: region, who did not use the term "Persian Gulf". In 2011 President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad made a speech to the United Nations General Assembly during which he said that the only correct name of the sea between Iran and the Arabian peninsula was the Persian Gulf, and he dismissed the use of any other names as illegitimate and void. Iran designates 30 April as National Persian Gulf Day. The date coincides with the anniversary of Abbas I of Persia's successful military campaign when the Portuguese navy was driven out of the Strait of Hormuz in the Capture of Ormuz (1622). The

title: Persian Gulf

text: gulf, historically and internationally known as the Persian Gulf after the land of Persia (Iran), has been disputed by some Arab countries since the 1960s. Rivalry between Iran and some Arab states, along with the emergence of pan-Arabism and Arab nationalism, has seen the name "Arabian Gulf" become predominant in most Arab countries. Names beyond these two have also been applied to or proposed for this body of water. Earliest evidence of human presence on Persian Gulf islands dates back to Middle Paleolithic and consist of stone tools discovered at Qeshm Island.The world's oldest known civilization (Sumer) developed along the

title: Persian Gulf naming dispute

text: in 2016 for the Arab states of the Persian Gulf. Persian Gulf naming dispute The Persian Gulf naming dispute is concerned with the name of the body of water known historically and internationally as the Persian Gulf (), after the land of Persia (the traditional name of Iran). This name has become contested by some Arab countries since the 1960s in connection with the emergence of pan-Arabism and Arab nationalism, resulting in the invention of the toponym "Arabian Gulf" () (used in some Arab countries), "the Gulf" and other alternatives such as the "Gulf of Basra", as it was known

title: Persian Gulf naming dispute

text: naming the "Arabian Gulf as the Persian Gulf" is that the Red Sea was named Arabian Gulf back then, which "prevented the Arabian Gulf from being named as Arabian Gulf, and instead the name Persian Gulf became common". According to a book "Documents on the Persian Gulf's name" (pp 92–98), the United Nations Secretariat and its specialized agencies have requested its staff to use only "Persian Gulf" as a standard geographical designation. The United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names discussed the naming issue during its 23rd session, held in Vienna from 28 March to 4 April 2006. According

title: Territorial disputes in the Persian Gulf

text: boundary were not disclosed. More recently, a dispute over the Dolphin Gas Project has renewed interest in the 1974 agreement. Earlier, the physical separation of the southern portion of Oman from its territory on the Musandam Peninsula was a source of friction between Oman and the various neighboring emirates that became the UAE in 1971. Differences over the disputed territory appeared to have subsided after the onset of the Iran–Iraq War in 1980. Territorial disputes in the Persian Gulf This article deals with territorial disputes between states of in and around the Persian Gulf in Southwestern Asia. These states include

title: Persian Gulf Pro League

text: Persian Gulf Pro League The Persian Gulf Pro League (), formerly known as the Iran Pro League (), is the highest division of professional football in Iran. The league was also known as the Persian Gulf Cup () from 2006. It is the top-level football league in Iran since its foundation in 2 November 2001. Each year, the top finishing team in the Persian Gulf Pro League becomes the Iranian football champion, and the lowest finishing teams are relegated to Azadegan League. Since 2013, the league comprises 16 teams. The winner and runner-up of the Persian Gulf Pro League and

title: Persian Gulf Pro League

text: the remaining games are shown on IRIB regional channels. Furthermore, "Navad", a popular weekly football program broadcast by IRIB TV3, shows highlights of all Persian Gulf Pro League and Azadegan League matches. The Persian Gulf Pro League has been sponsored since 2005. There have been four sponsors since the league's formation. According to a study from November 2012, clubs in the 2010–11 Persian Gulf Cup on average obtained 15% of their income from sponsorships. Persian Gulf Pro League The Persian Gulf Pro League (), formerly known as the Iran Pro League (), is the highest division of professional football in

title: Persian Gulf Pro League

text: Bargh Shiraz and Damash. The 2009–10 Persian Gulf Cup was dominated by the two Isfahan based clubs Sepahan and Zob Ahan. Ultimately Sepahan won the league six points before Zob Ahan. Sepahan Iraqi striker Emad Mohammed became the second foreign player, who won the league's top goal scorer award. He scored 19 goals, one more as teammate Ibrahima Touré. Sepahan repeated their success by winning the 2010–11 and 2011–12 Persian Gulf Cup. For the first time in history of Iranian football a team became the Iranian champion three times in a row. Esteghlal broke Sepahan's success finally in 2013. Esteghlal

title: Arab cuisine of the Persian Gulf

text: Arab cuisine of the Persian Gulf Arab cuisine of the Persian Gulf includes cuisines that are shared by the population in the coastal region of Eastern Arabia. Seafood is a very significant part of the diet of the inhabitants of the coast of the Persian Gulf. Fish is very popular, usually eaten with rice. The cuisine of eastern Arabia is different from the cuisine of the Arabs of Hejaz, Najd and other parts of Arabia. Harees is also a very popular dish in the region. Originally, the Arabs of the Persian Gulf relied heavily on a diet of dates, wheat,

text: Afsharid Conquests in the Persian Gulf & Oman The Afsharid Conquest of the Persian Gulf was an imperial venture by the Persian Empire, ruled by Nader Shah, to establish Persia as the hegemon of the Persian Gulf and its surroundings. The numerous campaigns that were undertaken were initially very successful and achieved a great many objectives, however, the rebellion of Nader's appointed "Darya Salar" (Admiral), Mohammad Taqi Khan, wreaked havoc amongst the plethora of polities across the Persian Gulf that had been brought under Persian control. After the defeat and capture of Mohammad Taqi Khan, the Persian empire went through

title: Gulf War syndrome

text: development of cardiac, gastrointestinal, or nervous disease." Early Gulf War research also failed to accurately account for the prevalence, duration, and health impact of Gulf War illness. For example, a November 1996 article in the "New England Journal of Medicine" found no difference in death rates, hospitalization rates, or self-reported symptoms between Persian Gulf veterans and non-Persian Gulf veterans. This article was a compilation of dozens of individual studies involving tens of thousands of veterans. The study did find a statistically significant elevation in the number of traffic accidents suffered by Gulf War veterans. An April 1998 article in "Emerging

title: Christians in the Persian Gulf

text: Christians in the Persian Gulf Christians reached the shores of the Persian Gulf by the beginning of the fourth century. According to the "Chronicle of Seert", Bishop David of Perat d'Maishan was present at the Council of Seleucia-Ctesiphon, around 325, and sailed as far as India. Gregory Bar Hebraeus, "Chron. Eccles", 2.10 (v. 3, col. 28) indicates that David had earlier ordained one of the other bishops present at the Council. The monk Jonah is said to have established a monastery in the Persian Gulf "on the shores of the black island" in the middle of the fourth century. A

title: Piracy in the Persian Gulf

text: Piracy in the Persian Gulf Piracy in the Persian Gulf was prevalent until the 19th century. It was perceived as one of the primary threats to global maritime trade routes, particularly those with significance to British India and Iraq. Many of the most notable historical instances of piracy, referred to as 'resistance' by modern Emirati historians, were perpetrated by the Al Qasimi tribe. This led to the British mounting the Persian Gulf campaign of 1809, a major maritime action launched by the British to bombard Ras Al Khaimah, Lingeh and other Al Qasimi ports. The current ruler of Sharjah, Sultan

title: Piracy in the Persian Gulf

text: coast of Fars during the reign of Yazdegerd II. Ibn Hawqal, a 10th-century history chronicler, alludes to piracy in the Persian Gulf in his book "The Renaissance Of Islam". He describes it as such: In Richard Hodges' commentary on the increase of trade in the Persian Gulf around 825, he makes references to Bahraini pirate attacks on ships on ships from China, India and Iran. He believes the pirates were attacking ships travelling from Siraf to Basra. Marco Polo made observations of piracy in the Persian Gulf. He states that in the seventh century, the islands of Bahrain were held

title: Piracy in the Persian Gulf

text: the British to further their agendas in the Persian Gulf. Indian historian Sugata Bose maintains that while he believes the British colonial accounts of piracy were self-serving, he disagrees with Al Qasimi's thesis that piracy was not widespread in the Persian Gulf region. Davies argues that the motives of the Al Qasimi tribe in particular may have been misunderstood and that it cannot be definitively stated that they were pirates due to issues of semantics. J.B. Kelly comments in his treatise on Britain and the Persian Gulf that the Qasimi are undeserving of their reputation as pirates, and goes on

title: Persian Gulf campaign of 1809

text: this problem and had been developing charts of the region in the years leading up to the campaign, under David Ewen Bartholomew, who had been on "Sapphire" during Corbet's mission to the region and whose charts were published in 1810 as a response to these problems. Persian Gulf campaign of 1809 The Persian Gulf Campaign, in 1809, was an operation by a British Royal Navy to force the Al Qasimi to cease their raids on British ships in the Persian Gulf, particularly on the Persian and Arab coasts of the Straits of Hormuz. The operation's success was limited as the

title: Piracy in the Persian Gulf

text: the most influential personage in Qatar at the time. He ruled Qatar for a short period and the British considered him to be the leading pirate of the Pirate Coast. In his book "Blood-Red Arab Flag", Charles E. Davies alleges that the issue of piracy in the Persian Gulf appeared to have escalated in 1797. This date corresponds with some of the most prominent acts of piracy committed against the British by the Al Qasimi tribe, eventually giving rise to the Persian Gulf campaign of 1809. The first recorded instances, however, under the rule of Saqr bin Rashid Al Qasimi

title: Piracy in the Persian Gulf

text: way of life due to the lack of any maritime authority in the area. European piracy in the Persian Gulf was frequent in the 16th and 17th century, targeting mainly Indian vessels en route to Mecca. Edward Balfour asserts that the Muscat Arabs were "highly predatory" from 1694 to 1736, but it was not until 1787 that the Bombay records made mention to the systemic recurrence of piracy in the Persian Gulf. The designation "Pirate Coast" was first used by the British around the 17th century and acquired its name from the raiding activities that the local Arab inhabitants pursued.

title: Piracy in the Persian Gulf

text: an early factor, beyond purely commercial concerns, that led the East India Company to first become entangled in the politics of the region"". Rahmah ibn Jabir al-Jalahimah was the most notorious pirate to have exploited the Persian Gulf during this era. He was described by the English traveller and author, James Silk Buckingham, as ‘the most successful and the most generally tolerated pirate, perhaps, that ever infest any sea.’ He moved to Khor Hassan in Qatar around 1785. In 1810, the Wahhabis attempted to strengthen their position in the Persian Gulf region by aligning themselves with him as he was

title: Persian Gulf National Day

text: that the waterway has always been referred to as the 'Persian Gulf,' certain Arab states have made efforts to remove 'Persian' from the name of the waterway. After many gatherings and seminars by the NGOs and the geographers of Iran asking the government to preserve the heritage name of the Persian gulf, finally the Islamic Republic of Iran, in 2004 officially designated April 30 as the "National Persian Gulf Day". In October 2018, the WIPO as an agency of the UN registers Persian Gulf in official certificate based on the Lisbon Agreement. According to this agreement based on international law,

title: Persian Gulf

text: the travel account of Pythagoras, several chapters are related to description of his travels accompanied by the Achaemenid king Darius the Great, to Susa and Persepolis, and the area is described. From among the writings of others in the same period, there is the inscription and engraving of Darius the Great, installed at junction of waters of Red Sea and the Nile river and the Rome river (current Mediterranean) which belongs to the 5th century BC where Darius the Great has named the Persian Gulf Water Channel: "Pars Sea" ("Persian Sea"). Considering the historical background of the name Persian Gulf,

title: Persian Gulf

text: Persian Gulf and southern Mesopotamia. The shallow basin that now underlies the Gulf was an extensive region of river valley and wetlands during the transition between the end of the Last Glacial Maximum and the start of the Holocene, which, according to University of Birmingham archaeologist Jeffrey Rose, served as an environmental refuge for early humans during periodic hyperarid climate oscillations, laying the foundations for the legend of Dilmun. For most of the early history of the settlements in the Persian Gulf, the southern shores were ruled by a series of nomadic tribes. During the end of the fourth millennium

title: Persian Gulf

text: in deeper waters. Mangroves' ability to survive the salt water through intricate molecular mechanisms, their unique reproductive cycle, and their ability to grow in the most oxygen-deprived waters have allowed them extensive growth in hostile areas of the gulf. However, with the advent of artificial island development, most of their habitat is destroyed, or occupied by man-made structures. This has had a negative impact on the crustaceans that rely on the mangrove, and in turn on the species that feed on them. Persian Gulf The Persian Gulf (), is a mediterranean sea in Western Asia. The body of water is

title: Persian Gulf

text: had a flourishing commercial trade with China by the 4th century, having first established connection with the far east in 185 AD. Portuguese expansion into the Indian Ocean in the early 16th century following Vasco da Gama's voyages of exploration saw them battle the Ottomans up the coast of the Persian Gulf. In 1521, a Portuguese force led by commander Antonio Correia invaded Bahrain to take control of the wealth created by its pearl industry. On April 29, 1602, Shāh Abbās, the Persian emperor of the Safavid Persian Empire expelled the Portuguese from Bahrain, and that date is commemorated as

title: Persian Gulf

text: Company, and the Royal Navy by mid-19th century AD. Persians were not only stationed on islands of the Persian Gulf, but also had ships often of 100 to 200 capacity patrolling empire's various rivers including Shatt-al-Arab, Tigris, and the Nile in the west, as well as Sind waterway, in India. The Achaemenid high naval command had established major naval bases located along Shatt al-Arab river, Bahrain, Oman, and Yemen. The Persian fleet would soon not only be used for peacekeeping purposes along the Shatt al-Arab but would also open the door to trade with India via Persian Gulf. Following the

title: Persian Gulf National Day

text: Iran (Persia) and the Arabian Peninsula. According to the book "Documents on the Persian Gulf's Name, the Eternal Heritage of Ancient Time": the term "Persian Gulf" and its equivalents have been used continuously since 400 BC in all languages specially in the Arabic language. In 1964 the Arab League ratified a change of the name to the Arabian Gulf (Al khaleej Al Arabi), apparently a change accepted by many Arab-speaking countries. After the Iran–Iraq War, the decision was realised. The act angered Iran/Iranians, especially when the Arabs used the new appellation in the English mass media. While historical documents show

title: Persian Gulf Residency

text: independent. In 1858, the East India Company’s agency was transferred to the Indian Raj, who assumed authority of British foreign policy with Persian Gulf states: this responsibility went to the Foreign Office on 1 April 1947. British activity in the Persian Gulf was primarily a commercial pursuit. Thus, the British Raj was slow to take action in protecting British and Indian shipping against raids from Qawasim pirates. By 1817, the Qawasim were spreading terror along the Indian coast to within 70 miles of Bombay. This threat generated a British military expedition in 1819, which crushed the Qawasim confederation and resulted

title: Persian Gulf naming dispute

text: Persian Gulf naming dispute The Persian Gulf naming dispute is concerned with the name of the body of water known historically and internationally as the Persian Gulf (), after the land of Persia (the traditional name of Iran). This name has become contested by some Arab countries since the 1960s in connection with the emergence of pan-Arabism and Arab nationalism, resulting in the invention of the toponym "Arabian Gulf" () (used in some Arab countries), "the Gulf" and other alternatives such as the "Gulf of Basra", as it was known during the Ottoman rule of the region. On almost all

title: Persian Gulf naming dispute

text: as the Arabian Gulf". Since about 2009, due to increased cooperation with Arab states of the Persian Gulf, various branches of the United States armed forces have issued directives to their members to use the "Arabian Gulf" when operating in the area to follow local conventions ("Persian Gulf" is still used in official publications and websites). The practice of the United States Fifth Fleet, based in Bahrain, is to use "Arabian Gulf": The National Geographic Society uses the name Persian Gulf to refer to this body of water. In 2004, the society published a new edition of its "National Geographic

title: Persian Gulf Pro League

text: spot although they won the match with 1–0. Both teams had the same goal difference but Naft Tehran scored more goals in the season. Finally Foolad saved their championship after they defeated Gostaresh Foulad away by a goal of Mehrdad Jama'ati. The league changed its name from "Persian Gulf Cup" to "Persian Gulf Pro League" in 2014. The Iranian Football Federation decided also to change the logos of the Persian Gulf Pro League and of the Azadegan League. The 2014–15 Persian Gulf Pro League was embossed by an exciting championship battle between Sepahan, Tractor Sazi and Naft Tehran. Tractor Sazi

title: Persian Gulf Residency

text: will seriously affect the position or the rulers of the British government…' The same author also refers to what he terms "political agreements", to which, he says, oil companies’ are all bound… with the British government… in addition to their concession agreements with the rulers…' 'One of the main objects of these', he continues, 'is to ensure that their relations with the rulers in all matters of importance are conducted through, or with, the knowledge of British political officers'. Agents: Chief political residents of the Persian Gulf : Persian Gulf Residency The Persian Gulf Residency was an official colonial subdivision