query: where does volga river start?

title: Volga River

text: river was known by its other Turkic name "Sarı-su" "yellow water", but the Oirats also used their own name, "Ijil mörön" or "adaptation river". Presently the Mari, another Uralic group, call the river "Jul" (), meaning "way" in Tatar. Formerly, they called the river "Volgydo", a borrowing from Old East Slavic. The Volga is the longest river in Europe. It belongs to the closed basin of the Caspian Sea, being the longest river to flow into a closed basin. Rising in the Valdai Hills above sea level northwest of Moscow and about southeast of Saint Petersburg, the Volga heads east

title: Medveditsa River (Volga basin)

text: Medveditsa River (Volga basin) Medveditsa () is a river in Spirovsky, Likhoslavlsky, Rameshkovsky, Kashinsky, and Kimrsky Districts of Tver Oblast, Russia, a left tributary of the Volga River (joining the Volga at the Uglich Reservoir). The main tributaries are the Kushalka River (left), the Ivitsa River (right), the Drezna River (left), the Rudomosh River (left), and the Yakhroma River (right). The length of the Medveditsa is , and the area of its drainage basin is . The source of the Medveditsa is southwest of the village of Gorma in Spirovsky District, at the southeastern outskirts of the Valdai Hills. The

title: Volga River

text: the Buzhans, like for example Sredniy Buzhan in ￼the Orenburg Oblast, ￼￼Buzan and the Buzan river in the Astrakhan Oblast.￼￼ Buzhan (Persian: بوژان, also Romanized as Būzhān; also known as Būzān) is also a village in ￼Nishapur, Iran. Subsequently, the river basin played an important role in the movements of peoples from Asia to Europe. A powerful polity of Volga Bulgaria once flourished where the Kama joins the Volga, while Khazaria controlled the lower stretches of the river. Such Volga cities as Atil, Saqsin, or Sarai were among the largest in the medieval world. The river served as an important

title: Volga River

text: Volga River The Volga (; ) is the longest river in Europe. It is also Europe's largest river in terms of discharge and drainage basin. The river flows through central Russia and into the Caspian Sea, and is widely regarded as the national river of Russia. Eleven of the twenty largest cities of Russia, including the capital, Moscow, are located in the Volga's drainage basin. Some of the largest reservoirs in the world are located along the Volga. The river has a symbolic meaning in Russian culture and is often referred to as Волга-матушка "Volga-Matushka" (Mother Volga) in Russian literature

title: Steamboats on the Volga River

text: went into hydrofoils and diesel steamers A few steamers have survived. Today, the river is worked by diesel cruise boats and tugs. In 1913, the Romanovs boarded the steamer "Mezhen" at Nizhny Novgorod to sail down the Volga river for their 500th Anniversary tour. Maxim Gorky, the writer, worked as a cook on a Volga steamer in his youth and thus the Volga river enters Russian literature: stories where a young officer encounters a beautiful stranger on board a Volga steamer. In Russian life, the Volga is like the sky and air. We breathe the Volga, we are enrapt with

title: Volga River

text: dimensions can travel from the Caspian Sea almost to the upstream end of the river. Connections with the river Don and the Black Sea are possible through the Volga–Don Canal. Connections with the lakes of the North (Lake Ladoga, Lake Onega), Saint Petersburg and the Baltic Sea are possible through the Volga–Baltic Waterway; and commerce with Moscow has been realised by the Moscow Canal connecting the Volga and the Moskva River. This infrastructure has been designed for vessels of a relatively large scale (lock dimensions of on the Volga, slightly smaller on some of the other rivers and canals) and

title: Volga River

text: it spans many thousands of kilometers. A number of formerly state-run, now mostly privatized, companies operate passenger and cargo vessels on the river; Volgotanker, with over 200 petroleum tankers, is one of them. In the later Soviet era, up to the modern times, grain and oil have been among the largest cargo exports transported on the Volga. Volga River The Volga (; ) is the longest river in Europe. It is also Europe's largest river in terms of discharge and drainage basin. The river flows through central Russia and into the Caspian Sea, and is widely regarded as the national

title: Volga River

text: chemical pollution have adversely affected the river and its habitats. The fertile river valley provides large quantities of wheat, and also has many mineral riches. A substantial petroleum industry centers on the Volga valley. Other resources include natural gas, salt, and potash. The Volga Delta and the nearby Caspian Sea offer superb fishing grounds. Astrakhan, at the delta, is the center of the caviar industry. A number of large hydroelectric reservoirs were constructed on the Volga during the Soviet era. They are: The area downstream of the Volga, widely believed to have been a cradle of the Proto-Indo-European civilization, was

title: Volga River

text: settled by Slavs, ￼￼Huns￼￼ ￼and other Turkic peoples in the first millennium AD, replacing the Scythians. The ancient scholar Ptolemy of Alexandria mentions the lower Volga in his "Geography" (Book 5, Chapter 8, 2nd Map of Asia). He calls it the "Rha", which was the Scythian name for the river. Ptolemy believed the Don and the Volga shared the same upper branch, which flowed from the Hyperborean Mountains. The Russian ethnicity in Western Russia and around the Volga river evolved also, among other tribes, out of the East Slavic tribe of the Buzhans. Several localities in Russia are connected to

title: Volga River

text: began from Kievan Rus'. Slavs from Kievan Rus' brought Christianity to the upper Volga, and a portion of non-Slavic local people adopted Christianity and gradually became East Slavs. The remainder of the Mari people migrated to the east far inland. In the course of several centuries the Slavs assimilated the indigenous Finnic populations, such as the Merya and Meshchera peoples. The surviving peoples of Volga Finnic ethnicity include the Maris and Mordvins of the middle Volga. Also Khazar and Bulgar peoples inhabited the upper, middle and lower of the Volga River basin. Apart from the Huns, the earliest Turkic tribes

title: Volga River

text: trade route connecting Scandinavia, Rus', and Volga Bulgaria with Khazaria and Persia. Khazars were replaced by Kipchaks, Kimeks and Mongols, who founded the Golden Horde in the lower reaches of the Volga. Later their empire divided into the Khanate of Kazan and Khanate of Astrakhan, both of which were conquered by the Russians in the course of the 16th century Russo-Kazan Wars. The Russian people's deep feeling for the Volga echoes in national culture and literature, starting from the 12th-century Lay of Igor's Campaign. The Volga Boatman's Song is one of many songs devoted to the national river of Russia.

title: Volga River

text: past Lake Sterzh, Tver, Dubna, Rybinsk, Yaroslavl, Nizhny Novgorod, and Kazan. From there it turns south, flows past Ulyanovsk, Tolyatti, Samara, Saratov and Volgograd, and discharges into the Caspian Sea below Astrakhan at below sea level. At its most strategic point, it bends toward the Don ("the big bend"). Volgograd, formerly Stalingrad, is located there. The Volga has many tributaries, most importantly the rivers Kama, the Oka, the Vetluga, and the Sura. The Volga and its tributaries form the Volga river system, which flows through an area of about in the most heavily populated part of Russia. The Volga Delta

title: Medveditsa River (Volga basin)

text: whole area of Rameshkovsky District, the northwest of Kimrsky District, the west of Kashinsky District, as well as minor areas in Bezhetsky and Kesovogorsky Districts. The urban-type settlement of Rameshki lies in the drainage basin of the Medveditsa. Medveditsa is popular for tourism and recreation. Medveditsa River (Volga basin) Medveditsa () is a river in Spirovsky, Likhoslavlsky, Rameshkovsky, Kashinsky, and Kimrsky Districts of Tver Oblast, Russia, a left tributary of the Volga River (joining the Volga at the Uglich Reservoir). The main tributaries are the Kushalka River (left), the Ivitsa River (right), the Drezna River (left), the Rudomosh River (left),

title: Steamboats on the Volga River

text: Steamboats on the Volga River The Volga River is Europe's longest river, and a major trade artery in that continent. The technological arrival of the steam engine allowed cargoes to be more easily moved upstream. The use of steamboats on the Volga River began in the year 1821. Formerly, tens of thousands of burlaki, or Volga boatmen, were employed in dragging boats up the Volga and its tributaries, but this method of traction has disappeared. Horses were still extensively used along the three canal systems. Steamers really took hold in the 1840s. In 1843 Czar Nicholas I issued a license

title: Volga undermouth

text: Volga undermouth The Volga undermouth or Volga nase ("Chondrostoma variabile") is a species of cyprinid freshwater fish. This one lives in the Emba, Ural and Volga drainages of the Caspian Sea basin, and the Don River drainage of the Black Sea basin. It is a riverine fish but is also found in reservoirs. The distribution is in lowland areas and foothills, and the fish prefer river stretches with strong currents, including rapids. Larvae and juveniles have a superior mouth, but at 3–4 months they change to adult feeding mode (undermouth) and start grazing the bottom, eating benthic diatoms and detritus

title: Volga River

text: driving the Whites eastward, from the Middle Volga at Kazan to the Kama and eventually to Ufa on the Belaya. In modern times, the city on the big bend of the Volga, currently known as Volgograd, witnessed the Battle of Stalingrad, possibly the bloodiest battle in human history, in which the Soviet Union and the German forces were deadlocked in a stalemate battle for access to the river. The Volga was (and still is) a vital transport route between central Russia and the Caspian Sea, which provides access to the oil fields of the Apsheron Peninsula. Hitler planned to use

title: Nerl River (Volga)

text: Nerl River (Volga) The Nerl River () is a river in Pereslavsky District of Yaroslavl and Kalyazinsky District of Tver Oblast in Russia, a right tributary of the Volga River (the Uglich Reservoir). The length of the river is . The area of its drainage basin is . Its main tributary is the Kubr River (left). It originates in the Lake Pleshcheyevo under the name of Veksa-Pleshcheyevskaya, flows northwest and is known as the Nerl downstream of Lake Somino. Downstream of the village of Andrianovo a stretch of the Nerl makes the border between Yaroslavl and Tver Oblasts. Further downstream,

title: Nerl River (Volga)

title: Volga River

text: the other side from the banks of the river. In these battles, the Soviet Union was the main offensive side, while the German troops used a more defensive stance, though much of the fighting was close quarters combat, with no clear offensive or defensive side. Many different ethnicities lived on the Volga river. Numerous were the Eastern Slavic tribes which took a decisive role in the development of modern Russians. Among the first recorded people along the upper Volga were also the Mari (Мари) and their west ethnic group named Merya (Мäрӹ). In the 8th and 9th centuries colonization also

title: Volga River

text: modern Mordvin "Rav" () "Volga". The Turkic peoples living along the river formerly referred to it as "Itil" or "Atil" "big river". In modern Turkic languages, the Volga is known as "İdel" () in Tatar, Атăл ("Atăl") in Chuvash, "Idhel" in Bashkir, "Edil" in Kazakh, and "İdil" in Turkish. The Turkic peoples associated the Itil's origin with the Kama. Thus, a left tributary to the Kama was named the "Aq Itil" "White Itil" which unites with the "Kara Itil" "Black Itil" at the modern city of Ufa. The name "Indyl" ("Indɨl") is used in Adyge (Cherkess) language. Among Asians, the

title: Volga River

text: has a length of about and includes as many as 500 channels and smaller rivers. The largest estuary in Europe, it is the only place in Russia where pelicans, flamingos, and lotuses may be found. The Volga freezes for most of its length for three months each year. The Volga drains most of Western Russia. Its many large reservoirs provide irrigation and hydroelectric power. The Moscow Canal, the Volga–Don Canal, and the Volga–Baltic Waterway form navigable waterways connecting Moscow to the White Sea, the Baltic Sea, the Caspian Sea, the Sea of Azov and the Black Sea. High levels of

title: Steamboats on the Volga River

text: my school bench, I imagined Volga steamers, rafts, and boats sailing past, like a holiday; green islands stretched out before me; the silver of fish scales sparkled; I breathed the aroma of the swaying shoreline willows. All this was living right next to me. I knew that after lessons I could run along the Volga and touch all this with my own hand." Steamboats on the Volga River The Volga River is Europe's longest river, and a major trade artery in that continent. The technological arrival of the steam engine allowed cargoes to be more easily moved upstream. The use

title: Volga River

text: the Mongols to the East. Because of conditions in German territories, Germans responded in the largest numbers. Under the Soviet Union a slice of the region was turned into the Volga German Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. Others were executed or dispersed throughout the Soviet Union prior to and after World War II. The Volga, widened for navigation purposes with construction of huge dams during the years of Joseph Stalin's industrialization, is of great importance to inland shipping and transport in Russia: all the dams in the river have been equipped with large (double) ship locks, so that vessels of considerable

title: Volga River

text: and folklore. The Russian hydronym "Volga" () derives from Proto-Slavic *"vòlga" "wetness, moisture", which is preserved in many Slavic languages, including Ukrainian "volóha" () "moisture", Russian "vlaga" () "moisture", Bulgarian "vlaga" () "moisture", Czech "vláha" "dampness", Serbian "vlaga" (влага ) "moisture", Croatian "vlaga" "moisture" and Slovene "vlaga" "moisture" among others. The Slavic name is a loan translation of earlier Scythian Rā () "Volga", literally "wetness", cognate with Avestan "Raŋhā" "mythical stream" (also compare the derivation Sogdian "r’k" "vein, blood vessel" (*"raha-ka"), Persian رگ "rag" "vein") and Vedic Sanskrit "rasā́" (रसा) "dew, liquid, juice; mythical river". The Scythian name survives in

title: Steamboats on the Volga River

text: there were 1,604 steamers with an indicated total horse power of 300,595. On January 1, 1927, the Internal Waterways Steamship Co. had at its disposal 2,020 steamers. At the start of the Battle of Stalingrad, and before the Wehrmacht reached the city itself, the "Luftwaffe" had rendered the River Volga, vital for bringing supplies into the city, unusable to Soviet shipping. Between 25 and 31 July 1942, 32 Soviet ships were sunk, with another nine crippled. However, the Soviets put up a valiant defense. During the Battle of Stalingrad, one indomitable tug "Krasnoflotets" crossed the river towing barges of men,

title: Volga Delta

text: approximately 16 km² per year, from natural and human-induced causes. The Volga discharges large amounts of industrial waste and sediment into the relatively shallow northern part of the Caspian Sea. The added fertilizers nourish the algal blooms that grow on the surface of the sea, allowing them to grow larger. Volga Delta The Volga Delta is the largest river delta in Europe, and occurs where Europe's largest river system, the Volga River, drains into the Caspian Sea in Russia's Astrakhan Oblast, north-east of the republic of Kalmykia. The delta is located in the Caspian Depression—the far eastern part of the

title: Volga Delta

text: Volga Delta The Volga Delta is the largest river delta in Europe, and occurs where Europe's largest river system, the Volga River, drains into the Caspian Sea in Russia's Astrakhan Oblast, north-east of the republic of Kalmykia. The delta is located in the Caspian Depression—the far eastern part of the delta lies in Kazakhstan. The delta drains into the Caspian approximately 60 km downstream from the city of Astrakhan. The Volga Delta has grown significantly in the 20th century because of changes in the level of the Caspian Sea. In 1880, the delta had an area of 3,222 km². Today

title: Volga-Volga

text: Volga-Volga Volga-Volga () is a Soviet film comedy directed by Grigori Aleksandrov, released on April 24, 1938. It centres on a group of amateur performers on their way to Moscow to perform in a talent contest called the Moscow Musical Olympiad. Most of the action takes place on a steamboat travelling on the Volga River. The lead roles were played by Alexandrov's wife, Lyubov Orlova, and Igor Ilyinsky. According to Orlova, the name of the film is taken from a popular Russian folk song, "Stenka Razin", that Alexandrov sang while rowing with Charlie Chaplin in San Francisco Bay. Chaplin jokingly

title: Steamboats on the Volga River

text: single journey in the season. Large numbers of the boats and rafts are broken up after a single voyage. The wood barges are towed by tug. The Soviets ran fleets of armed riverboats during the Civil War. The Red Army and the White Army had small naval battles on the river. Later, during the Russian famine of 1921, steamers became a way out of misery. With the Red control of Russia, rebuilding infrastructure became paramount. The Soviets nationalized the Volga and Mercury company's fleets. The largest fleet of any of Soviet rivers is that on the Volga, where in 1926

title: Volga region

text: the Moskva River, a tributary of the Oka River. Kirov is located on the Vyatka River, and Ufa, Sterlitamak and Salavat are located on the Belaya River, both tributaries of the Kama River. Volga region The Volga Region (, Povolzhye, literally: "along the Volga") is an historical region in Russia that encompasses the drainage basin of the Volga River, the longest river in Europe, in central and southern European Russia. The Volga Region is culturally separated into three sections: The geographic boundaries of the region are vague, and the term "Volga Region" is used to refer primarily to the Middle

title: Steamboats on the Volga River

text: her. We sing the most heartfelt songs about her. We teach our children her traditions and legends. Konstantine Fedin, wrote to his American allies, comparing the Volga to the Mississippi, and reminding them of the rampaging German Army then in conquest in the dark days of 1942. "The Volga is the homeland of daring, courage, and the people's glory. The Volga is the homeland of Russian geniuses and talents. From childhood, people on the Volga dream about their river as the most beautiful of all earthly gifts which have been bestowed upon them. When I was a child sitting at

title: Volga River

text: arrived in the 7th century and assimilated some Finnic and Indo-European population on the middle and lower Volga. The Christian Chuvash and Muslim Tatars are descendants of the population of medieval Volga Bulgaria. Another Turkic group, the Nogais, formerly inhabited the lower Volga steppes. The Volga region is home to a German minority group, the Volga Germans. Catherine the Great had issued a Manifesto in 1763 inviting all foreigners to come and populate the region, offering them numerous incentives to do so. This was partly to develop the region but also to provide a buffer zone between the Russians and

title: Volga, Iowa

text: Volga, Iowa Volga is a city in Clayton County, Iowa, United States. The population was 208 at the 2010 census, down from 247 at the 2000 census. Volga (formerly Volga City) was laid out as a town in 1852. It was named from the Volga River (Iowa), which in turn was named after the Volga River in Russia. Volga is located at (42.802583, -91.540562) on the Volga River. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , all of it land. As of the census of 2010, there were 208 people, 90 households, and

title: Steamboats on the Volga River

text: had been planned prior to the war but that tragedy only delayed their completion. Control of river erosion, and silting was one reason; providing enough draft for large ships and clearing rapids was another. The Volga-Don Canal was one scheme, and the Volga-Baltic Waterway another. Most of the keels on the river were of the paddle steamer type. Up until 1950, the Soviets continued with this layout. With the new hydrological and hydroelectric work, new ships needed to be built. In the post-war years, new steamers of the Josef Stalin type were built and navigated the river. The Soviets then

title: Volga region

text: Volga region The Volga Region (, Povolzhye, literally: "along the Volga") is an historical region in Russia that encompasses the drainage basin of the Volga River, the longest river in Europe, in central and southern European Russia. The Volga Region is culturally separated into three sections: The geographic boundaries of the region are vague, and the term "Volga Region" is used to refer primarily to the Middle and Lower sections, which are included in the Volga Federal District and Volga economic region. The Volga Region is almost entirely within the East European Plain, with a notable distinction contrasting the elevated

title: Steamboats on the Volga River

text: also built the MS Vandal, which in 1903, was probably the first ship (and not barge) propelled by a diesel engine. In 1902 Karl Hagelin, "a veteran of the Volga and sometime visionary", suggesting mating diesel engines to river barges. He envisioned direct shipment of oil through a 1,800-mile route from the lower Volga to Saint Petersburg and Finland. The first Volga steamers 'Komar', 'Shmel', and 'Tungus' were constructed between 1908 and 1917 in the Nobel Shipyard in Rybinsk. The Russians move large amounts of timber for export to Europe. Large barges of length to are purpose built for the

title: Steamboats on the Volga River

text: by steamer to the key river landing. The German armies later overran the ferry landing, while the Soviets stubbornly held on to a sliver of the western riverbank of the Volga. The tug Abkhazets and others moved 7 Soviet divisions across the river to Crossing 62 to provide General Chuikov with new troops. The Soviet navy built armed cutters, sporting T34 tank turrets. This "Volga Flotilla made the Red Army's greatest victory possible, keeping open supply lines to the troops fighting for their lives in the ruins of Stalingrad. Gunboats armed with anti-aircraft guns fought off German Stuka attacks throughout

title: Volga region

text: western side featuring the Volga Upland, and the eastern side known as Transvolga (, Zavolzhye) which consists of the elevated High Transvolga and the lowland Low Transvolga. The Idel-Ural region, a collection of six federal subjects between the Volga River and the Ural Mountains, are generally seen a part of the Volga Region despite the river itself not running through several of them. Idel-Ural is within an extensive north-western protrusion of the Volga River's drainage basin, including numerous tributary rivers such as the Malaya Kokshaga River, and tributaries of the Volga's tributaries such as the Belaya River of the Kama

title: Volga Se Ganga

text: Volga Se Ganga Volga Se Ganga (, "A journey from the Volga to the Ganges") is a 1943 collection of 20 historical fiction short-stories by scholar and travel writer Rahul Sankrityayan. A true vagabond, Sankrityayan traveled to far lands like Russia, Korea, Japan, China and many others, where he mastered the languages of these lands and was an authority on cultural studies. The stories collectively trace the migration of Aryans from the steppes of the Eurasia to regions around the Volga river; then their movements across the Hindukush and the Himalayas and the sub-Himalayan regions; and their spread to the

title: Volga Upland

text: Volga Upland The Volga Upland, also known as the Volga Uplands, Volga Plateau, Volga Hills, or Volga Plateau, (Russian: Приволжская возвышенность - Privolzhskaya vozvyshennost) is a vast region of East European Plain in European part of Russia that lies west of the Volga River and east of the Central Russian Upland. The uplands run for approximately 500 miles (804 km) in a southwest-northeasterly direction from Volgograd to Kazan. The Tsimlyansk Reservoir lies at the southwestern end of the Volga Upland, with the Kuybyshev Reservoir at the northeastern end. The landscape on the Volga Uplands is hilly, and several rivers has

title: Volga–Don Canal

text: The Eurasia Canal would also require fewer locks than the Volga–Don, as elevations in the Kuma–Manych Depression are lower than the Volga–Don area. Volga–Don Canal Lenin Volga–Don Shipping Canal (, abbreviated ВДСК, "VDSK") is a canal which connects the Volga River and the Don River at their closest points. Opened in 1952, the length of the waterway is , through rivers and reservoirs. The canal forms a part of the Unified Deep Water System of European Russia. Together with the lower Volga and the lower Don, the Volga–Don Canal provides the most direct navigable connection between the Caspian Sea and

title: Volga Upland

text: (from north to south) Kazan, Ulyanovsk, Saransk, Penza, Syzran, Saratov and Volgograd. The rocky hills along the Volga banks are traditionally called "mountains" (), despite of low height. From Volga Upland The Volga Upland, also known as the Volga Uplands, Volga Plateau, Volga Hills, or Volga Plateau, (Russian: Приволжская возвышенность - Privolzhskaya vozvyshennost) is a vast region of East European Plain in European part of Russia that lies west of the Volga River and east of the Central Russian Upland. The uplands run for approximately 500 miles (804 km) in a southwest-northeasterly direction from Volgograd to Kazan. The Tsimlyansk Reservoir

title: Steamboats on the Volga River

text: refuse. In 1870, the first Russian open hearth furnace was built in Nizhny Novgorod, followed by a two-decked steamship "Perevorot" just a year later. In 1913, it produced a dry bulk cargo ship "Danilikha". The shipyard built 489 ships between 1849 and 1918. In 1913 there were over 5,000 steamers on the Volga river system. Batashev's steamers were on par with the world-famous engines produced by Berdov, and were installed on the majority of Volga steamships. Berdov's plant in St. Petersburg was the first to build a steamboat in Russia in 1815. It later specialised in stationery and marine machines,

title: Volga undermouth

text: from hard substrate. Breeding females deposit sticky eggs on gravel bottom in shallow parts of rivers with moderate to strong current. Volga undermouth The Volga undermouth or Volga nase ("Chondrostoma variabile") is a species of cyprinid freshwater fish. This one lives in the Emba, Ural and Volga drainages of the Caspian Sea basin, and the Don River drainage of the Black Sea basin. It is a riverine fish but is also found in reservoirs. The distribution is in lowland areas and foothills, and the fish prefer river stretches with strong currents, including rapids. Larvae and juveniles have a superior mouth,

title: Volga–Baltic Waterway

text: and lumber export and as a river tourism route. According to the Maritime Board ("Morskaya Kollegiya") of the Russian Government, 17.6 million tons of cargo were carried over the Volga–Baltic Waterway in 2004, which is very close to the waterway's maximum capacity. The Lower Svir Lock was one of the two busiest locks on Russia's inland waterways (the other one was the Kochetov Lock on the lower Don River). Volga–Baltic Waterway The Volga–Baltic Waterway, formerly known as the Mariinsk Canal System (Russian: Мариинская водная система), is a series of canals and rivers in Russia which link the Volga River with

title: Volga pikeperch

text: nineteen to twenty-one branched soft rays and the number of scales along the lateral line is seventy to eighty-three. The Volga pikeperch is found in the northern Black Sea basin from the Danube, as far upstream as Vienna, to the Kuban River drainages. It is also present in the Caspian Sea basin in the Volga River and Ural River drainages. It inhabits large, turbid rivers and lakes, as well as brackish estuaries and may make short migrations to breed. The Volga pikeperch is most active at dusk and dawn when it feeds on small fish and invertebrates. Males become mature

title: Volga trade route

text: the Volga only after the fall of the Khanates of Kazan (1552) and Astrakhan in (1556), when the entire length of the Volga came under the Russian control. But the river kept its importance for long-distance trade—this time, trade within Russia as well as between Russia and Persia. Volga trade route In the Middle Ages, the Volga trade route connected Northern Europe and Northwestern Russia with the Caspian Sea, via the Volga River. The Rus used this route to trade with Muslim countries on the southern shores of the Caspian Sea, sometimes penetrating as far as Baghdad. The route functioned

title: Volga–Don Canal

text: Volga–Don Canal Lenin Volga–Don Shipping Canal (, abbreviated ВДСК, "VDSK") is a canal which connects the Volga River and the Don River at their closest points. Opened in 1952, the length of the waterway is , through rivers and reservoirs. The canal forms a part of the Unified Deep Water System of European Russia. Together with the lower Volga and the lower Don, the Volga–Don Canal provides the most direct navigable connection between the Caspian Sea and the world's oceans via the Sea of Azov and the Black Sea. As the lower course of the Don approaches the lower course

title: Volga Bulgaria

text: primarily masters and craftsmen, were forcibly moved to Sarai and other southern cities of the Golden Horde. Volga Bulgaria remained a center of agriculture and handicraft. Volga Bulgaria Volga Bulgaria (, ) or Volga–Kama Bulghar, was a historic Bulgar state that existed between the 7th and 13th centuries around the confluence of the Volga and Kama River, in what is now European Russia. Information from first-hand sources on Volga Bulgaria is rather sparse. As no authentic Bulgar records have survived, most of our information comes from contemporary Arabic, Persian, Indian or Russian sources. Some information is provided by excavations. It

title: Volga Bulgaria

text: Volga Bulgaria Volga Bulgaria (, ) or Volga–Kama Bulghar, was a historic Bulgar state that existed between the 7th and 13th centuries around the confluence of the Volga and Kama River, in what is now European Russia. Information from first-hand sources on Volga Bulgaria is rather sparse. As no authentic Bulgar records have survived, most of our information comes from contemporary Arabic, Persian, Indian or Russian sources. Some information is provided by excavations. It is believed the territory of Volga Bulgaria was originally settled by Finno-Ugric peoples, including Mari people. The original Bulgars were Turkic tribes, who settled north of

title: Volga Finns

text: in the Northern part of the Volga River basin. Volga Finns The Volga Finns (sometimes referred to as Eastern Finns) are a historical group of indigenous peoples of Russia living in the vicinity of the Volga, who speak Uralic languages. Their modern representatives are the Mari people, the Erzya and the Moksha Mordvins, as well as extinct Merya, Muromian and Meshchera people. The Permians are sometimes also grouped as Volga Finns. The historical Volga Finns were decisevely in part responsible for the development of the Proto-Indo-Europeans language and cultural ethnogenesis, during the formation of their previous cultures molding into one

title: Volga Township, Clayton County, Iowa

text: this township. Volga Township, Clayton County, Iowa Volga Township is a township in Clayton County, Iowa, USA. As of the 2000 census, its population was 551. Volga Township was named from the Volga River (Iowa), which in turn was named after the Volga River in Russia. Volga Township covers an area of and contains two incorporated settlements: Elkport and Garber. According to the USGS, it contains ten cemeteries: Blanchaine, Communia, Eberhard, Hartshey, Immanuel Lutheran, Krumm, Musfeldt, Old Garber, Saint Michaels and Wolf. The streams of Bear Creek, Doe Creek, Elk Creek, Honey Creek, Panther Creek, Volga River and Wayman Creek

title: Volga Township, Clayton County, Iowa

text: Volga Township, Clayton County, Iowa Volga Township is a township in Clayton County, Iowa, USA. As of the 2000 census, its population was 551. Volga Township was named from the Volga River (Iowa), which in turn was named after the Volga River in Russia. Volga Township covers an area of and contains two incorporated settlements: Elkport and Garber. According to the USGS, it contains ten cemeteries: Blanchaine, Communia, Eberhard, Hartshey, Immanuel Lutheran, Krumm, Musfeldt, Old Garber, Saint Michaels and Wolf. The streams of Bear Creek, Doe Creek, Elk Creek, Honey Creek, Panther Creek, Volga River and Wayman Creek run through

title: Volga-Kama Nature Reserve

text: Volga-Kama Nature Reserve Volga-Kama Nature Reserve () (also Volzhsko-Kamsky, Vosshko-Kamisky) is a Russian 'zapovednik' (strict ecological reserve) at the confluence of the Volga River, the Kama River, and the Myosha River. There are two sections to the reserve, one on the left bank terraces of the Volga, at the actual meeting point of the rivers, the other section about 100 km up the Volga on the western outskirts of the city of Kazan. The reserve is situated in the Zelenodolsky Districts and Laishevsky District of Tatarstan. It was formally established in 1960 to protect remaining forest and forest-steppe habitat of

title: Volga River

text: Construction of Soviet Union-era dams often involved enforced resettlement of huge numbers of people, as well as destruction of their historical heritage. For instance, the town of Mologa was flooded for the purpose of constructing the Rybinsk Reservoir (then the largest artificial lake in the world). The construction of the Uglich Reservoir caused the flooding of several monasteries with buildings dating from the 15th and 16th centuries. In such cases the ecological and cultural damage often outbalanced any economic advantage. During the Russian Civil War, both sides fielded warships on the Volga. In 1918, the Red Volga Flotilla participated in

title: Volga, South Dakota

text: Volga, South Dakota Volga is a city in Brookings County, South Dakota, United States with a population of 1,768 at the 2010 census. Volga was founded by the Western Town Lot Company on December 27, 1879 by Col. Arthur Jacoby. It was originally named "Bandy Town" after the Bandy family, early settlers there. Later, in 1880, the railroad assigned it the name "Volga", after the Volga River, in Russia. Volga is talked about in the juvenile novel "The Long Winter" by Laura Ingalls Wilder in the chapter titled "Pa Goes to Volga". Volga is located at (44.321994, -96.924565). According to

title: Volga Germans

text: the colonists from other regions, and even from other countries like Sweden, assimilated. Some Volga German dialects are very similar to Pennsylvania German language, another Palatine Rhine Franconian language; in either dialect, one could say: Some other common words: Volga Germans borrowed some Russian words, like "Erbus" "watermelon" from Russian "арбуз" "watermelon", which they carried with them on their subsequent moves to North America and Argentina. Volga Germans The Volga Germans ( or "", ) are ethnic Germans who colonized and historically lived along the Volga River in the region of southeastern European Russia around Saratov and to the south.

title: Volga–Don Canal

text: a year. In the 1980s, construction started on a second canal between the Volga and the Don. The new canal, dubbed Volga–Don 2 (; ) would start from the township of Yerzovka on the Volgograd Reservoir, north (upstream) of the Volga Dam, as opposed to the existing Volga–Don Canal, which starts south (downstream) of the dam. This canal would reduce the number of locks that ships coming from the Volgograd Reservoir – or from any other Volga or Kama port farther north – would have to traverse on their way to the Don. The project was abruptly canceled on 1

title: Volga region

text: River. The region is home to a large portion of Russia's population, with the major cities of Yaroslavl, Kostroma, Nizhny Novgorod, Cheboksary, Kazan, Ulyanovsk, Tolyatti, Samara, Saratov, Volgograd and Astrakhan all located directly on the Volga River. Other major cities on tributaries of the Volga include Ryazan, Dzerzhinsk, Kaluga and Oryol on the Oka River, Penza on the Sura River, Perm and Naberezhnye Chelny on the Kama River, Yoshkar-Ola on the Malaya Kokshaga River, and Dimitrovgrad on the Bolshoy Cheremshan River. Major cities located on tributaries of the Volga's tributaries include Moscow, the largest city and capital of Russia, on

title: Volga–Baltic Waterway

text: Volga–Baltic Waterway The Volga–Baltic Waterway, formerly known as the Mariinsk Canal System (Russian: Мариинская водная система), is a series of canals and rivers in Russia which link the Volga River with the Baltic Sea via the Neva River. Volga–Baltic Waterway connects the biggest lake on Earth, the Caspian Sea to the World Ocean. Its overall length between Cherepovets and Lake Onega is . Originally constructed in the early 19th century, the system was rebuilt for larger vessels in the 1960s, becoming a part of the Unified Deep Water System of European Russia. The original name "Mariinsky" is the credit to

title: Volga-Volga

text: suggested the words as a title for a movie, but Alexandrov took it seriously and named his new film "Volga-Volga". The feature was said to be Soviet Premier Joseph Stalin's favourite film. Nikita Khrushchev in his memoirs says that in the pre-World War II period Stalin laughed at him since he resembled a character from the film. In 2006, a colorization of the original black-and-white film began. The colorized version premiered on the Russian First Channel on February 14, 2010. Volga-Volga Volga-Volga () is a Soviet film comedy directed by Grigori Aleksandrov, released on April 24, 1938. It centres on

title: Volga–Don Canal

text: System of the European part of the USSR. The canal starts at the Sarepta backwater on the Volga River (south of Volgograd; Lock No. 1 and the gateway arch are at ) and ends in the Tsimlyansk Reservoir of the Don River at the town of Kalach-na-Donu. The canal has nine one-chamber canal locks on the Volga slope, which can raise ships , and four canal locks of the same kind on the Don slope, which can lower ships . The overall dimensions of the canal locks are smaller than those on the Volga River, however they can pass ships

title: Steamboats on the Volga River

text: to the "Along the Volga" Company in 1843, which became the premier Volga Flotilla until the Soviet takeover. The first steamer "Volga" visited Samara in 1846. Nizhniy is the chief station of the Volga steamboat traffic. The first steamer made its appearance on the Volga in 1821, but it was not till 1845 that steam navigation began to assume large proportions. The first large steamers of the American type were built in 1872. Thousands of steamers are now employed in the traffic, to say nothing of smaller boats and rafts. Many of the steamers use as fuel mazut or petroleum

title: Volga Germans

text: Volga Germans The Volga Germans ( or "", ) are ethnic Germans who colonized and historically lived along the Volga River in the region of southeastern European Russia around Saratov and to the south. Recruited as immigrants to Russia in the 18th century, they were allowed to maintain their German culture, language, traditions, and churches (Lutheran, Reformed, Catholics, Moravians, and Mennonites). In the 19th and early 20th centuries, many Volga Germans emigrated to Kansas, Nebraska, the Dakotas, California, Washington and other states across the western United States, as well as to Canada and South America (mainly Argentina, Chile and Brazil).

title: 1149 Volga

text: Petersburg. The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center before November 1977 (). 1149 Volga 1149 Volga, provisional designation , is a dark background asteroid from the outer regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 55 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 1 August 1929, by Soviet astronomer Evgenij Skvorcov (a.k.a. Skvortsov) at the Simeiz Observatory on the Crimean peninsula. The asteroid was named after the Volga River. "Volga" is a non-family asteroid from the main belt's background population. It orbits the Sun in the outer asteroid belt at a distance of 2.6–3.2 AU once every 4

title: 1149 Volga

text: 1149 Volga 1149 Volga, provisional designation , is a dark background asteroid from the outer regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 55 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 1 August 1929, by Soviet astronomer Evgenij Skvorcov (a.k.a. Skvortsov) at the Simeiz Observatory on the Crimean peninsula. The asteroid was named after the Volga River. "Volga" is a non-family asteroid from the main belt's background population. It orbits the Sun in the outer asteroid belt at a distance of 2.6–3.2 AU once every 4 years and 11 months (1,802 days; semi-major axis 2.90 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of

title: Volga Hydroelectric Station

text: square kilometre surface area. As a result, numerous settlements and fertile lands were lost. Volga Hydroelectric Station The Volga Hydroelectric Station or Volga GES () also known as the 22nd Congress of the CPSU Stalingrad/Volgograd Hydroelectric Power Station (), is the largest hydroelectric station in Europe, and it is the last of the Volga-Kama Cascade of dams, immediately before the Volga River flows into the Caspian Sea. It was the largest powerstation in the world between 1960 and 1963. Today, it is operated by the electricity company RusHydro. Built as part of a massive postwar industrialization effort known as the

title: Volga Hydroelectric Station

text: Volga Hydroelectric Station The Volga Hydroelectric Station or Volga GES () also known as the 22nd Congress of the CPSU Stalingrad/Volgograd Hydroelectric Power Station (), is the largest hydroelectric station in Europe, and it is the last of the Volga-Kama Cascade of dams, immediately before the Volga River flows into the Caspian Sea. It was the largest powerstation in the world between 1960 and 1963. Today, it is operated by the electricity company RusHydro. Built as part of a massive postwar industrialization effort known as the Great Construction Projects of Communism, it was authorized by Joseph Stalin signing the Council

title: Volga-Kama Nature Reserve

text: the general public, although scientists and those with 'environmental education' purposes can make arrangements with park management for visits. There are limited 'ecotourist' routes in the reserve, however, that are open to local residents, but require permits to be obtained in advance. The reserve sponsors an arboretum and a nature museum; they are visited by over 10 thousand people. The main office is in the city of Kazan. Volga-Kama Nature Reserve Volga-Kama Nature Reserve () (also Volzhsko-Kamsky, Vosshko-Kamisky) is a Russian 'zapovednik' (strict ecological reserve) at the confluence of the Volga River, the Kama River, and the Myosha River. There

title: Volga–Baltic Waterway

text: and the White Sea. In recent years, the Volga–Baltic Waterway has gained additional importance as a tourist route for boats sailing along the Golden Ring of Russia. In Soviet times, the Mariinsk canal system was constantly improved. Two locks were built on the Svir River (in 1936 and 1952); 3 locks were built on the Sheksna River. Major improvement of the Volga–Baltic Waterway took place in 1960–1964, and the new Volga–Baltic Waterway was opened on 5 June 1964. 39 old wooden locks were replaced with 7 new locks, and one parallel lock was built later in 1995. The locks' limiting

title: Steamboats on the Volga River

text: as well as marine devices. Building small warships from the 1850s, the plant rented the shipyard on Galerny Island for a ten-year period to start building battleships. Numerous decorative sculptures were created in the foundry shop in the early to mid 19th century including sculptures for the Kazan Cathedral, St. Isaac's Cathedral, and the Alexander Column, as well as numerous grilles, lamps, decorative and structural components for bridges, palaces, and public buildings of St. Petersburg. The Volga is the main street of European Russia. To this end many loads are moved from their source to the market—coal from the Donbass

title: Volga Tatars

text: million, mostly in Russia and the republics of the former Soviet Union. While the bulk of the population is found in Tatarstan (around 2 million) and neighbouring regions, significant number of Volga-Ural Tatars live in Siberia, Central Asia, and the Caucasus. Outside of Tatarstan, urban Tatars usually speak Russian as their first language (in cities such as Moscow, Saint-Petersburg, Nizhniy Novgorod, Ufa, and cities of the Ural and Siberia). Places where Volga Tatars live include: Volga Tatars The Volga Tatars are a Turkic ethnic group native to the Volga-Ural region of Russia. They are in turn subdivided into various subgroups.

title: Volga trade route

text: Volga trade route In the Middle Ages, the Volga trade route connected Northern Europe and Northwestern Russia with the Caspian Sea, via the Volga River. The Rus used this route to trade with Muslim countries on the southern shores of the Caspian Sea, sometimes penetrating as far as Baghdad. The route functioned concurrently with the Dnieper trade route, better known as the trade route from the Varangians to the Greeks, and lost its importance in the 11th century. The Volga trade route was established by the Varangians (Vikings) who settled in Northwestern Russia in the early 9th century. About south

title: Volga Germans

text: and in Montana along the lower Yellowstone River in sugar beet fields. Colonies kept in touch with each other through newspapers, especially "Der Staats Anzeiger", based in North Dakota. Germans from Russia also settled in Argentina (see Crespo and Coronel Suárez among others, also German Argentine), Paraguay, and Brazil (see German-Brazilians). Most Volga Germans who settled in Latin America were Catholic. Many Catholic Volga Germans chose South America as their new homeland because the nations shared their religion. The greatest number of Volga Germans emigrated from Hesse and the Palatinate, and spoke Hessian and Palatine Rhine Franconian dialects to which

title: Volga Tatars

text: river. Khazar invasions forced Bulgars, Turkic people, to migrate from the Azov steppes to the Middle Volga and lower Kama region during the first half of the eighth century. In the period of 10th–13th centuries, Turkic peoples, including Kipchaks, migrated from southern Siberia to Europe. They played a significant role in the Mongol invasion of Rus' in the 13th century. Tatar ethnogenesis took place after Turkic peoples, who were mixed with the Bulgars and other local inhabitants of the Volga River area, kept Kipchak dialect and became Muslims. Several new Tatar states had emerged by the 1500s after the Golden

title: 1149 Volga

text: the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's WISE telescope, "Volga" measures between 48.50 and 57.67 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.03 and 0.04. The "Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link" adopts the results obtained by IRAS, that is, an albedo of 0.0338 and a diameter of 55.57 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 10.57. This minor planet was named after the Volga River, the largest river in Europe and one of the principal ones of Russia. Its name was suggested by the Institute of Theoretical Astronomy in St.

title: Where Do You Start

text: Where Do You Start Where Do You Start is an album by the Brad Mehldau Trio released on the Nonesuch label in 2012. The album received generally favourable reviews with Metacritic giving it a score of 80% from 7 reviews. AllMusic awarded the album 3½ stars and in its review by Matt Collar, states "Ultimately, "Where Do You Start" is an intimate, impressionistic, and probing release that should certainly appeal to longtime fans of Mehldau's nuanced jazz style". The Guardian's John Fordham observed "the dynamics and empathy of this ensemble remain pretty irresistible". On All About Jazz, John Kelman noted

title: Where Does This Door Go

text: Where Does This Door Go Where Does This Door Go is the third studio album by American singer Mayer Hawthorne. It was released on July 16, 2013, by Republic Records. "Where Does This Door Go" received generally positive reviews from critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream publications, the album received an average score of 73, based on 17 reviews. Michael Gallucci of "The A.V. Club" stated, "For all of his apparent devotion to the genre, Hawthorne comes off somewhat soulless on "Where Does This Door Go"." Derek Staples of "Consequence of

title: Steamboats on the Volga River

text: the siege, and those with tank turrets hove close to the riverbanks to provide fire support for the troops ashore. Every night, they ferried reinforcements and ammunition across the river, and brought back the wounded to safety. "About the role of the sailors of the fleet and their exploits", wrote Vasily Chuikov, the Soviet commander in Stalingrad, "I would say briefly that had it not been for them the 62nd Army might have perished without ammunition and rations, and could not have carried out its task." The Germans surrendered in the winter of 1943 and the Volga was once again

title: American Volga Relief Society

text: sought advice on how to contribute to relief efforts in the German Volga region, along with a number of other areas hit hard by the famine. ] American Volga Relief Society The American Volga Relief Society was a German American non-governmental organization that provided relief and supplies to ethnically German settlements in the area around the Volga River. The group was active following World War I, during the period between 1921-1924. The organization officially disbanded in 1926, though private donations continued until the 1930s. Following the Russian Revolution and subsequent Bolshevik seizure of the government in 1917, Vladimir Lenin became

title: American Volga Relief Society

text: a large German American population. Beginning in 1920, following the First World War, many German Americans received letters from family members still living near the Volga. Upper and middle class Americans considered the possibilities of aiding the Russians fleeing the number regime. Relief efforts began to crop up, and efforts to send aid to various regions of Russia dealing with famine or starvation, particularly from churches and other religious organizations. Two organizations independently formed to specifically support ethnic Germans in the Volga River area - George Repp's Volga Relief Society in Portland, Oregon, and the Central States Volga Relief Society,

title: Volga-Kama Nature Reserve

text: the middle Volga region, and has an area of . A particular focus of scientific study is the effects of the Kuybyshev Reservoir on the local environment. The reservoir was completed in the mid-1950s, and is the largest reservoir in Europe. The Volga-Kama Reserve is part of a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve. The Volga-Kama Reserve has two sections: The river valleys of the northern sector are at an absolute level of up to 66 meters; the higher areas in the north and south of the Raif sector reach 120 meters. Volga-Kama Reserve is located in the "East European forest steppe" ecoregion,

title: Volga–Don Canal

text: of up to 5,000 tonnes cargo capacity. The smallest locks are long, wide, and deep. Maximum allowed vessel size is long, wide and deep (the "Volgo–Don Max Class"). The Volga–Don Canal is filled from the Don river; three powerful pumping stations maintain water levels. Water is also taken from the canal and used for irrigation. Types of cargo transported from the Don region to the Volga region include coal from Donetsk, Ukraine, minerals, building materials, and grain. Cargoes from the Volga to the Don include lumber, pyrites, and petroleum products (carried mostly by Volgotanker boats). Tourist ships travel in both

title: Volga-Dnepr Airlines

text: national emergency. Through its Ruslan Salis joint venture with its Ukrainian competitor, Antonov Airlines, the airline has provided strategic airlift services to NATO's Strategic Airlift Interim Solution (SALIS) since 2005. Volga-Dnepr formerly operated a small and little known passenger service connecting Moscow with various destinations (Ulyanovsk-Moscow flights Vnukovo Airport in 1996) which were all domestic destinations along the Volga river. Service was offered using the airline's small fleet of Yakovlev Yak-40's to Nizhniy Novgorod, Penza and Ulyanovsk. The Volga-Dnepr Airlines fleet includes the following aircraft (as of January 2018) The airline's first upgraded Ilyushin Il-76TD-90VD, fitted with Stage IV compliant

title: Where Do You Start

text: ""Where Do You Start" isn't so much an alternative as it is further evidence—as if any were needed—of this tremendous trio's ability to take any material—old, new, borrowed or original—and make it firmly its own". BBC Music reviewer, Martin Longley commented ""Where Do You Start" revives the old Mehldau approach of covering songs from across the decades... Yet Mehldau’s method is so dominant that everything gravitates towards the trio’s signature sound, lending cohesion to a variegated crop... It all points to Mehldau entering a new prime phase in his career, both onstage and in the recording studio". Where Do You

title: Where Does My Heart Beat Now

text: 1994. Dion is also performing "Where Does My Heart Beat Now" in her current Las Vegas residency show, "Celine". On 13 May 1992, "Where Does My Heart Beat Now" received an ASCAP Pop Award for the most-performed ASCAP song during the 1991 survey year (1 October 1990 – 30 September 1991). Additionally, Dion's performance of "Where Does My Heart Beat Now" at the Juno Awards of 1991 was nominated for the Gemini Award in category Best Performance in a Variety Program or Series. Where Does My Heart Beat Now "Where Does My Heart Beat Now" is a song performed by

title: Where Does It Hurt?

text: Japanese, insurance companies, hospitals, Poles, and humanity, you'll love this movie.” Nonetheless, the film holds a 67% fresh rating, based on 142 reviews, on Rotten Tomatoes. Where Does It Hurt? Where Does it Hurt? is a 1972 American comedy film written and directed by Rod Amateau, starring Peter Sellers, Jo Ann Pflug, Rick Lenz, Pat Morita, and Harold Gould. The film is a darkly satirical look at capitalism in a hospital environment. Sellers plays hospital administrator Albert T. Hopfnagel, who oversees a facility that is more interested in generating revenue than it is in providing sound medical care. When construction

title: Where Does It Hurt?

text: Where Does It Hurt? Where Does it Hurt? is a 1972 American comedy film written and directed by Rod Amateau, starring Peter Sellers, Jo Ann Pflug, Rick Lenz, Pat Morita, and Harold Gould. The film is a darkly satirical look at capitalism in a hospital environment. Sellers plays hospital administrator Albert T. Hopfnagel, who oversees a facility that is more interested in generating revenue than it is in providing sound medical care. When construction worker Lester Hammond (Lenz) shows up needing nothing more than a chest X-ray, he is immediately admitted and subjected to a battery of tests. Hopfnagel rides

title: Where Does This Door Go

text: "Billboard" 200, and number four on the R&B Albums, selling around 10,000 copies in its first week. It has sold 38,000 copies in the United States as of March 2016. Notes Sample credits Where Does This Door Go Where Does This Door Go is the third studio album by American singer Mayer Hawthorne. It was released on July 16, 2013, by Republic Records. "Where Does This Door Go" received generally positive reviews from critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream publications, the album received an average score of 73, based on 17

title: Volga Finns

text: which seems they may have shared or influenced and where traces of the earliest stages of Horse domestication were happening, which became fundamental for the later expansion of their languages and culture off the forest-steppes. The modern representatives of Volga Finns live in the basins of the Sura and Moksha rivers, as well as (in smaller numbers) in the interfluve between the Volga and the Belaya rivers. The Mari language has two dialects, the Meadow Mari and the Hill Mari. Traditionally the Mari and the Mordvinic languages (Erzya and Moksha) were considered to form a "Volga-Finnic" or "Volgaic" group within

title: The Song of the Volga Boatmen

text: The Song of the Volga Boatmen The "Song of the Volga Boatmen" (known in Russian as Эй, ухнем! [Ey, ukhnem!, "yo, heave-ho!"], after the refrain) is a well-known traditional Russian song collected by Mily Balakirev, and published in his book of folk songs in 1866. It was sung by burlaks, or barge-haulers, on the Volga River. Balakirev published it with only one verse (the first). The other two verses were added at a later date. Ilya Repin's famous painting "Barge Haulers on the Volga" depicts such burlaks in Tsarist Russia toiling along the Volga. The song was popularised by Feodor

title: Volga German Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic

text: of the ethnic groups of the Volga German ASSR: Created on January 12, 1924 by the declaration at the first session of the Central Executive Committee of the Republic Volga German Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic The Volga German Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (; Avtonomnaya Sovetskaya Sotsialisticheskaya Respublika Nemtsev Povolzh'ya) was an autonomous republic established in Soviet Russia. Its capital was the Volga River port of Engels (known as "Pokrovsk" or "Kosakenstadt" before 1931). The republic was created following the Russian Revolution, by October 29 (some claim 19th) Decree of the Soviet government, "Volga German Workers' Commune", giving Soviet Germans a

title: GAZ Volga Siber

text: GAZ Volga Siber GAZ Volga Siber () is a four-door sedan manufactured by the Russian firm GAZ, introduced at the 2007 Moscow International Automobile Salon and marketed in a single generation for model years 2008 to 2010. Manufactured under license from Chrysler, the Siber used the superseded platform and tooling from the second generation Chrysler Sebring/Dodge Stratus with slight design modifications executed by the British studio UltraMotive to its grille and headlights. Other modifications were limited to a stiffer suspension and higher ground clearance. The Siber was introduced at the start of the Global Economic Crisis of 2008, and though

title: American Volga Relief Society

text: American Volga Relief Society The American Volga Relief Society was a German American non-governmental organization that provided relief and supplies to ethnically German settlements in the area around the Volga River. The group was active following World War I, during the period between 1921-1924. The organization officially disbanded in 1926, though private donations continued until the 1930s. Following the Russian Revolution and subsequent Bolshevik seizure of the government in 1917, Vladimir Lenin became the de facto leader of the newly formed Soviet Union. One of the first acts of the Lenin government was to confiscate and redistribute peasant lands in

title: Where Does This Door Go

text: door does go, it is a place that calls for boat shoes, a relaxed attitude, and a returning fan's patience." Harriet Gibsone of "The Guardian" stated, "Packed with cleverly crafted production, "Where Does This Door Go" may be a sonic adventure, but it's not quite slick enough to challenge the current crop of R&B luminaries." August Brown of "Los Angeles Times" stated, ""Where Does This Door Go" feels like a once-promising OK Cupid date that's gone off the rails." Mike Powell of "Rolling Stone" stated, "From modest goals come modest returns." The album debuted at number 30 on the US

title: Volga-Dnepr Airlines

text: on the world cargo market. It became the first carrier in Russia, which was not part of Aeroflot, to start operations in outsize cargo. In April 1995, the airline hosted a meeting of companies involved in the design, manufacturing and operation of the An-124, creating a Joint Coordination Council to plan and implement improvements for that aircraft model. In November 1996, Volga-Dnepr began scheduled passenger service between Ulyanovsk and Moscow, using Yakovlev Yak-40 aircraft. In the following year Volga-Dnepr expanded its scheduled passenger service to include St. Petersburg and Sochi, as well. In 1997, the airline joined with Atran and

title: Kama River

text: Kama River The Kama (, ; ; ) is a river long in Russia. It is the longest left tributary of the Volga and the largest one in discharge. At their confluence, in fact, the Kama is even larger than the Volga. It starts in the Udmurt Republic, near Kuliga, flowing northwest for , turning northeast near Loyno for another , then turning south and west in Perm Krai, flowing again through the Udmurt Republic and then through the Republic of Tatarstan, where it meets the Volga. Before the advent of railroads, important portages connected the Kama with the basins

title: Steamboats on the Volga River

text: Region, iron ore, minerals, timber, wheat, fish, watermelons, zeks or exiles, machinery, cement, limestone, and oil. In 1897 the "New York Times" reported "FORTY DROWNED IN THE VOLGA.; Steamer "Tsarevitch" Run Down by the "Malpitka" Near Astrakhan." In 1858, the Nizhny Novgorod Machine Factory produced the first Russian steam dredger. The amount of suspended matter brought down by erosion is correspondingly great. All along its course the Volga is eroding and destroying its banks with great rapidity; towns and loading ports have constantly to be shifted farther back. Alfred Nobel built fifty steamers at Baku to move Caspian oil. He

text: Volga German Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic The Volga German Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (; Avtonomnaya Sovetskaya Sotsialisticheskaya Respublika Nemtsev Povolzh'ya) was an autonomous republic established in Soviet Russia. Its capital was the Volga River port of Engels (known as "Pokrovsk" or "Kosakenstadt" before 1931). The republic was created following the Russian Revolution, by October 29 (some claim 19th) Decree of the Soviet government, "Volga German Workers' Commune", giving Soviet Germans a special status among the non-Russians in the USSR. It was upgraded to the status of Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic on February 20, 1924 (claims of December 19, 1923), by

title: Volga Cossacks

text: Volga Cossacks The Volga Cossacks () were free Cossack communities in the 16th century in Russia. The Volga Cossacks participated in Yermak's conquest of Siberia. Due to the creation of the Tsaritsyn fortified line in the 18th century, the central government decided to form the Volga Cossack Host (Волгское казачье войско) consisting of 1057 families (mostly Don Cossacks) with the center in Dubovka (north of Tsaritsyn). The Volga Cossacks participated in the Pugachev Rebellion in 1773-1775. In 1770 and 1777 the majority of the Volga Cossacks were relocated to the North Caucasus to form the Mozdok and Volga regiments of