query: what kind of biome is the everglades?

title: Friends of the Everglades

text: of Appeals Friends of the Everglades Friends of the Everglades is a conservationist and activist organization in the United States whose mission is to "preserve, protect, and restore the only Everglades in the world." The book "Biosphere 2000: Protecting Our Global Environment" refers to Friends of the Everglades as an organization that has fought to preserve North America's only subtropical wetland. The organization was created in 1969-1970 by journalist, author, and environmental activist Marjory Stoneman Douglas who wrote the book in 1947, about the Florida Everglades. When the organization was first founded, it soon had 500 members, eventually reaching 6,000

title: Friends of the Everglades

text: Friends of the Everglades Friends of the Everglades is a conservationist and activist organization in the United States whose mission is to "preserve, protect, and restore the only Everglades in the world." The book "Biosphere 2000: Protecting Our Global Environment" refers to Friends of the Everglades as an organization that has fought to preserve North America's only subtropical wetland. The organization was created in 1969-1970 by journalist, author, and environmental activist Marjory Stoneman Douglas who wrote the book in 1947, about the Florida Everglades. When the organization was first founded, it soon had 500 members, eventually reaching 6,000 members. Douglas

title: Restoration of the Everglades

text: completely match the pre-drainage system. This is not possible, in light of the irreversible physical changes that have made ("sic") to the ecosystem. It will be an Everglades that is smaller and somewhat differently arranged than the historic ecosystem. But it will be a successfully restored Everglades, because it will have recovered those hydrological and biological patterns which defined the original Everglades, and which made it unique among the world’s wetland systems. It will become a place that kindles the wildness and richness of the former Everglades. The report was the result of many cooperating agencies that often had conflicting

title: Restoration of the Everglades

text: more land for public use than any other state. In 1972 President Richard Nixon declared the Big Cypress Swamp—the intended location for the Miami jetport in 1969—to be federally protected. Big Cypress National Preserve was established in 1974, and Fakahatchee Strand State Preserve was created the same year. In 1976, Everglades National Park was declared an International Biosphere Reserve by UNESCO, which also listed the park as a World Heritage Site in 1979. The Ramsar Convention designated the Everglades a Wetland of International Importance in 1987. Only three locations on earth which have appeared on all three lists: Everglades National

title: Draining and development of the Everglades

text: 1970s the Everglades were declared an International Biosphere Reserve and a World Heritage Site by UNESCO, and a Wetland of International Importance by the Ramsar Convention, making it one of only three locations on earth that have appeared on all three lists. Draining and development of the Everglades The history of draining and development of the Everglades dates back to the 19th century. A national push for expansion and progress toward the latter part of the 19th century stimulated interest in draining the Everglades for agricultural use. According to historians, "From the middle of the nineteenth century to the middle

title: Friends of the Everglades

text: Marjory Douglas as its first member. Governor Reubin Askew, who was Governor of Florida from 1971 to 1979 was supportive of Friends of the Everglades according to Douglas in her book, "Voice of the River". While membership is now thirty-five dollars, Friends maintains its one-dollar contribution membership fee for the school-based Young Friends of the Everglades. What is now Everglades National Park was created in 1947, and is recently as 1998, has been referred to as "the most endangered national park in America." Some of the environmental issues facing the Everglades are, disrupted water flow, a drastic decline in the

title: Friends of the Everglades

text: hopeful rallying cry for environmentalists. However, state funding for what is required to prevent and clean chemical pollution in the Everglades is not adequate to address the needs of the ecosystem. Enforcement of "better management practices" in big sugar farming cuts off the pollution at its source. The state seems willing to negotiate the two sides of the contentious debate, that of big sugar and conservationists, but environmentalists are not convinced that it will be enough to adequately address the needs of the Everglades. Friends of the Everglades has strongly criticized the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan, stating that it does

title: Biome

text: and formation can be simplified: formation is used when applied to plant communities only, while biome is used when concerned with both plants and animals. Whittaker's convention of biome-type or formation-type is simply a broader method to categorize similar communities. Whittaker, seeing the need for a simpler way to express the relationship of community structure to the environment, used what he called "gradient analysis" of ecocline patterns to relate communities to climate on a worldwide scale. Whittaker considered four main ecoclines in the terrestrial realm. Along these gradients, Whittaker noted several trends that allowed him to qualitatively establish biome-types: Whittaker

title: Friends of the Everglades

text: back-pumping through initiating the "Water Transfer Rule", which allowed the transfer of polluted water into pristine waters such as in the Everglades without federal permits. Friends of the Everglades and other conservation groups continues to legally challenge the looser interpretation of the Clean Water Act but has not been totally successful. However, recent developments seem to have resulted in some progress. Friends of the Everglades placed hope with the inauguration of the Barack Obama administration that it would repeal what Friends sees as a harmful way of interpreting environmental law. The organization states that such efforts are finally yielding "significant

title: Everglades National Park

text: Everglades National Park Everglades National Park is an American national park that protects the southern twenty percent of the original Everglades in Florida. The park is the largest tropical wilderness in the United States, and the largest wilderness of any kind east of the Mississippi River. An average of one million people visit the park each year. Everglades is the third-largest national park in the contiguous United States after Death Valley and Yellowstone. UNESCO declared the Everglades & Dry Tortugas Biosphere Reserve in 1976, and listed the park as a World Heritage Site in 1979, while the Ramsar Convention included

title: Friends of the Everglades

text: EPA under President Obama changed direction and has now identified a realistic plan to clean up the Everglades." Current Membership in "Friends of the Everglades" is thirty-five dollars (2010). Friends of the Everglades promotes environmental awareness among young people in the Dade County Public Schools system with the organization’s Young Friends of the Everglades program. The mission of Young Friends of the Everglades is, "To preserve and protect the Everglades, not just for us, but for future generations through education and children's awareness." Young Friends of the Everglades was started in 1994 by fourth and fifth grade students at Howard

title: What Kind of Love

text: covered the song on his 2002 album for DreamWorks Records. It was the B-side to the album's first single, "Honey Do". What Kind of Love "What Kind of Love" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Rodney Crowell. It was released in June 1992 as the second single from the album "Life Is Messy". The song reached number 11 on the U.S. "Billboard" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart and peaked at number 2 on the "RPM" Country Tracks in Canada. Crowell and co-writer Will Jennings wrote the lyrics to a recording of a melody that

title: What Kind of Love

text: What Kind of Love "What Kind of Love" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Rodney Crowell. It was released in June 1992 as the second single from the album "Life Is Messy". The song reached number 11 on the U.S. "Billboard" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart and peaked at number 2 on the "RPM" Country Tracks in Canada. Crowell and co-writer Will Jennings wrote the lyrics to a recording of a melody that Roy Orbison had made before his death. The song features backing vocals from Don Henley and Linda Ronstadt. Deborah Evans Price,

title: What Kind of Fool

text: three weeks at number ten on the Hot 100 in March and April 1981. It also spent four weeks atop the "Billboard" adult contemporary chart. Popular American TV serial "Glee" covered this song in 2011 by fictional character Blaine Anderson (as played by Darren Criss). This was featured on their soundtrack album "". No Glee episode had featured this version, as it is only appeared in the album. What Kind of Fool "What Kind of Fool" is the title of a vocal duet from 1981 (see 1981 in music) by singers Barbra Streisand and Barry Gibb. The song was written

title: Biome

text: Biome A biome is a community of plants and animals that have common characteristics for the environment they exist in. They can be found over a range of continents. Biomes are distinct biological communities that have formed in response to a shared physical climate. "Biome" is a broader term than "habitat"; any biome can comprise a variety of habitats. While a biome can cover large areas, a microbiome is a mix of organisms that coexist in a defined space on a much smaller scale. For example, the human microbiome is the collection of bacteria, viruses, and other microorganisms that are

title: What Kind of Fool

text: What Kind of Fool "What Kind of Fool" is the title of a vocal duet from 1981 (see 1981 in music) by singers Barbra Streisand and Barry Gibb. The song was written by Gibb and Albhy Galuten. The songs on the "Guilty" album were a collaboration between Streisand and all the members of the Bee Gees, including Barry's brothers, Robin and Maurice Gibb. But Barry Gibb played the largest role of the brothers on the album, co-writing and co-producing all of the tracks, appearing on the album cover embracing Streisand, and singing two duets with her. Co-producer Karl Richardson was

title: Everglades National Park

text: falls under the management of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, which has been compiling and disseminating information about invasive species since 1994. Control of invasive species costs $500 million per year, but of land in South Florida remains infested. Everglades National Park Everglades National Park is an American national park that protects the southern twenty percent of the original Everglades in Florida. The park is the largest tropical wilderness in the United States, and the largest wilderness of any kind east of the Mississippi River. An average of one million people visit the park each year. Everglades is the

title: What Kind of Fool

text: quoted describing Barry Gibb's contribution to this song: "He did the demo first. Barbra sang to the demo, then he came back and replaced a couple of things after he had heard what she was doing." Released as the third single from Streisand's 1980 album "Guilty", "What Kind of Fool" was the third consecutive top ten single from the album in the United States. "Woman in Love" reached number one on the "Billboard" Hot 100 chart, and the album's title track (also a duet between the two singers) reached number three, both in late 1980. "What Kind of Fool" spent

title: Biome

text: taxonomic element of species composition. In 1935, Tansley added the climatic and soil aspects to the idea, calling it ecosystem. The International Biological Program (1964–74) projects popularized the concept of biome. However, in some contexts, the term biome is used in a different manner. In German literature, particularly in the Walter terminology, the term is used similarly as biotope (a concrete geographical unit), while the biome definition used in this article is used as an international, non-regional, terminology - irrespectively of the continent in which an area is present, it takes the same biome name - and corresponds to his

title: Friends of the Everglades

text: of the Everglades is $1 and school classes may join for $15 (2010). Jim McMaster is Senior Educator of "Young Friends of the Everglades" (2011). The board of directors of Friends of the Everglades includes Philip Kushlan, President; Alan Farago, Conservation Chair; Robert M. Stein, Esq., Treasurer; Connie Washburn, Secretary. Directors are Elizabeth Wheaton, Camila Quaresma-Sharp, Dr. Paul Martin, Christienne H. Sherouse, Esq., and Milda Vaivada. Friends of the Everglades v South Florida Water Management District. Case No. 07-13829. June 4, 2009 Friends of the Everglades v. So. Fla. Water Mgmt. June 8, 2009. Environmental Decisions of the U.S. Court

title: Friends of the Everglades

text: to take responsibility for it." Friends of the Everglades is one of dozens of organizations involved in environmental efforts in the Florida Everglades, among which are the National Audubon Society and the National Parks Conservation Association (NPCA). Friends of the Everglades has taken legal actions over the years to protect the Everglades from overdevelopment and pollution. When Marjory Stoneman Douglas first began the organization, Friends, along with the work of other individual activists, was instrumental in persuading the Richard Nixon administration to stop the development of the Miami International Airport in the Everglades. It has taken legal action to stop

title: Restoration of the Everglades

text: Agricultural Area (EAA), which grows the majority of sugarcane crops in the United States. When the EAA was first established, it encompassed approximately 27% of the original Everglades. By the 1960s, urban development and agricultural use had decreased the size of the Everglades considerably. The remaining 25% of the Everglades in its original state is protected in Everglades National Park, but the park was established before the C&SF, and it depended upon the actions of the C&SF to release water. As Miami and other metropolitan areas began to intrude on the Everglades in the 1960s, political battles took place between

title: Friends of the Everglades

text: was 79 when she founded the organization. Current membership is approximately 5,000. It outlines its goals as being to: The organization 1000 Friends of Florida describes Friends of the Everglades as a "non-profit grassroots organization dedicated to protecting and restoring the Everglades." It "strives to protect and restore the Greater Kissimmee-Okeechobee-Everglades Ecosystem." The "primary tools" of Friends of the Everglades are legal advocacy and education. Environmental activist Joe Browder and Browder's office manager Judy Wilson, were influential in persuading Marjory Stoneman Douglas to start an organization to protect the Everglades. The organization was started with a one-dollar membership contribution from

title: Biome

text: major biome types, with the important climate traits and vegetation types. The boundaries of each biome correlate to the conditions of moisture and cold stress that are strong determinants of plant form, and therefore the vegetation that defines the region. Extreme conditions, such as flooding in a swamp, can create different kinds of communities within the same biome. Schultz (1988) defined nine ecozones (note that his concept of ecozone is more similar to the concept of biome used in this article than to the concept of ecozone of BBC): Robert G. Bailey nearly developed a biogeographical classification system of ecoregions

title: Amazon biome

text: Guiana. In Brazil the biome covers more than and covers all or parts of the states of Acre, Amazonas, Roraima, Rondônia, Pará, Amapá, Maranhão, Tocantins and Mato Grosso. The Amazon biome covers 49.29% of Brazil. 16% of the biome is in Peru. As of 2015 about 23.4% of Peru's Amazon biome was protected, but of this less than half was fully protected. Much of the terrain of the Amazon biome, particularly around the rivers, is lowland plains. The Guiana Shield is an area of highlands along the border between Brazil and Venezuela and Guyana. The southern Amazonian highlands cross parts

title: What Kind of an American are You?

text: found at Pritzker Military Museum & Library. The song urges Americans (specifically immigrants) to use this war to prove their loyalty to the United States; whether that may be by fighting or by simply standing behind the US's actions. For those who show no support, this question is posed: "What are you doing over here?" It upholds the "us-against-them" mentality; the "them" in this case is Germany. The chorus is as follows: What Kind of an American are You? What Kind of an American are you?, also known as What Kind of American are you?, is a World War I

title: Restoration of the Everglades

text: widespread algal bloom occurred in one-fifth of Lake Okeechobee. The bloom was discovered to be the result of fertilizers from the Everglades Agricultural Area. Although laws stated in 1979 that the chemicals used in the EAA should not be deposited into the lake, they were flushed into the canals that fed the Everglades Water Conservation Areas, and eventually pumped into the lake. Microbiologists discovered that, although phosphorus assists plant growth, it destroys periphyton, one of the basic building blocks of marl in the Everglades. Marl is one of two types of Everglades soil, along with peat; it is found where

title: Restoration of the Everglades

text: Restoration of the Everglades The restoration of the Everglades is an ongoing effort to remedy damage inflicted on the environment of southern Florida during the 20th century. It is the most expensive and comprehensive environmental repair attempt in history. The degradation of the Everglades became an issue in the United States in the early 1970s after a proposal to construct an airport in the Big Cypress Swamp. Studies indicated the airport would have destroyed the ecosystem in South Florida and Everglades National Park. After decades of destructive practices, both state and federal agencies are looking for ways to balance the

title: What Kind of Man (Florence and the Machine song)

text: Big, How Blue, How Beautiful". What Kind of Man (Florence and the Machine song) "What Kind of Man" is a song by English indie rock band Florence and the Machine from their third studio album, "How Big, How Blue, How Beautiful" (2015). It was written by Florence Welch, Kid Harpoon and John Hill, produced by Markus Dravs and co-produced by Hill. The song was released on 12 February 2015 as the album's lead single. "What Kind of Man" received Grammy Award nominations for Best Rock Performance and Best Rock Song. According to lead vocalist Florence Welch, the song represents a

text: What Kind of Man (Florence and the Machine song) "What Kind of Man" is a song by English indie rock band Florence and the Machine from their third studio album, "How Big, How Blue, How Beautiful" (2015). It was written by Florence Welch, Kid Harpoon and John Hill, produced by Markus Dravs and co-produced by Hill. The song was released on 12 February 2015 as the album's lead single. "What Kind of Man" received Grammy Award nominations for Best Rock Performance and Best Rock Song. According to lead vocalist Florence Welch, the song represents a new guitar-driven sonic direction for

title: Prowlers of the Everglades

text: Prowlers of the Everglades Prowlers of the Everglades is a 1953 American short documentary film directed by James Algar. The film was produced by Ben Sharpsteen as part of the "True-Life Adventures" series of nature documentaries. It was shot in Technicolor by Alfred Milotte and his wife Elma, who were on assignment for nearly a year, making film reports on every aspect of the Everglades. A photographic study of the wildlife of the Florida Everglades describes the habits of the many birds found in the swamplands and explains that the alligator rules over the area, devouring all varieties of wildlife

title: Prowlers of the Everglades

text: with impartiality. Prowlers of the Everglades Prowlers of the Everglades is a 1953 American short documentary film directed by James Algar. The film was produced by Ben Sharpsteen as part of the "True-Life Adventures" series of nature documentaries. It was shot in Technicolor by Alfred Milotte and his wife Elma, who were on assignment for nearly a year, making film reports on every aspect of the Everglades. A photographic study of the wildlife of the Florida Everglades describes the habits of the many birds found in the swamplands and explains that the alligator rules over the area, devouring all varieties

title: Restoration of the Everglades

text: report on the progress of CERP. The report noted "scant progress" in restoration because of problems in budgeting, planning, and bureaucracy. The NRC report called the Everglades one of the "world's treasured ecosystems" that is being further endangered by lack of progress: "Ongoing delay in Everglades restoration has not only postponed improvements—it has allowed ecological decline to continue". It cited the shrinking tree islands, and the negative population growth of the endangered "Rostrhamus sociabilis" or Everglades snail kite, and "Ammodramus maritimus mirabilis", the Cape Sable seaside sparrow. The lack of water reaching Everglades National Park was characterized as "one of

title: Restoration of the Everglades

text: phosphorus-laden water into the Everglades. According to one of the lobbyists who characterized it as a "duh moment", Crist said, "If sugar is polluting the Everglades, and we're paying to clean the Everglades, why don't we just get rid of sugar?" The largest producer of cane sugar in the U.S. will continue operations for six years, and when ownership transfers to Florida, of the Everglades will remain undeveloped to allow it to be restored to its pre-drainage state. In September 2008 the National Research Council (NRC), a nonprofit agency providing science and policy advice to the federal government, submitted a

title: Wind Across the Everglades

text: of Guy Bradley, an early game warden who in 1905 was shot and killed by plume hunters in the Everglades. Due to Ray's having been fired from the production before the film was completed, "Wind Across the Everglades" holds a contentious place in film scholarship. In a short review of the film, critic Jonathan Rosenbaum described it as "a kind of litmus test for auteurists". After citing the film's editorial history, Rosenbaum goes on to say that "Ray's masterful use of color and mystical sense of equality between the antagonists (also evident in "Rebel Without a Cause" and "Bitter Victory")

title: What Kind of an American are You?

text: What Kind of an American are You? What Kind of an American are you?, also known as What Kind of American are you?, is a World War I era song released in 1917. Albert Von Tilzer composed the music. Lew Brown and Charles R. McCarron wrote the lyrics. The song was published by Broadway Music Co. of New York, New York. On the cover is a gray drawing of Uncle Sam pointing. A map of the United States is featured on the lower half of the cover. The song was written for voice and piano. The sheet music can be

title: What Kind of Man Are You?

text: rain under one umbrella. FINAL NOMINATION for spot titled “Are you man enough?” where a young woman questions what it really is to be a man. What Kind of Man Are You? What Kind of Man Are You? is a mass-media campaign in India asking men to use condoms to protect their wives from HIV/AIDS. The campaign was launched in 2005 by an organization named Breakthrough. This campaign heightened awareness for the over 2 million married women with HIV/AIDS in India who were infected by their husbands. The campaign encouraged an open, national dialogue about a woman's right to negotiate

title: What Kind of Day Has It Been

text: lines: What Kind of Day Has It Been "What Kind of Day Has It Been" is the 22nd episode of "The West Wing", the season finale of the show's first season. It originally aired on NBC May 17, 2000. Events circle around the attempted rescue of a US fighter pilot in Iraq, and the president taking part in a town hall meeting in Rosslyn, Virginia. The episode was written by Aaron Sorkin and directed by Thomas Schlamme. "What Kind of Day Has It Been" is also the name of the first-season finales of both the series "Sports Night" and "Studio

title: What Kind of Day Has It Been

text: What Kind of Day Has It Been "What Kind of Day Has It Been" is the 22nd episode of "The West Wing", the season finale of the show's first season. It originally aired on NBC May 17, 2000. Events circle around the attempted rescue of a US fighter pilot in Iraq, and the president taking part in a town hall meeting in Rosslyn, Virginia. The episode was written by Aaron Sorkin and directed by Thomas Schlamme. "What Kind of Day Has It Been" is also the name of the first-season finales of both the series "Sports Night" and "Studio 60

title: Indigenous people of the Everglades region

text: giving eco-tours of their land. As of 2008, there were six Seminole and Miccosukee reservations throughout Florida; they feature casino gaming that supports the tribe. Indigenous people of the Everglades region The indigenous people of the Everglades region arrived in the Florida peninsula of what is now the United States approximately 14,000 to 15,000 years ago, probably following large game. The Paleo-Indians found an arid landscape that supported plants and animals adapted to prairie and xeric scrub conditions. Large animals became extinct in Florida around 11,000 years ago. Climate changes 6,500 years ago brought a wetter landscape. The Paleo-Indians slowly

text: powerful in number and political structure. Their territory was centered on modern-day Ft. Myers, and extended as far north as Tampa, as far east as Lake Okeechobee, and as far south as the Keys. The Tequesta lived on the southeastern coast of the Florida peninsula around what is today Biscayne Bay and the Miami River. Both societies were well adapted to live in the various ecosystems of the Everglades regions. Their people often traveled through the heart of the Everglades, though they rarely lived within it. After more than 210 years of relations with the Spanish, both indigenous societies lost

text: Indigenous people of the Everglades region The indigenous people of the Everglades region arrived in the Florida peninsula of what is now the United States approximately 14,000 to 15,000 years ago, probably following large game. The Paleo-Indians found an arid landscape that supported plants and animals adapted to prairie and xeric scrub conditions. Large animals became extinct in Florida around 11,000 years ago. Climate changes 6,500 years ago brought a wetter landscape. The Paleo-Indians slowly adapted to the new conditions. Archaeologists call the cultures that resulted from the adaptations Archaic peoples. They were better suited for environmental changes than their

title: Biome

text: land. Anthropogenic biomes offer a new way forward in ecology and conservation by recognizing the irreversible coupling of human and ecological systems at global scales and moving us toward an understanding of how best to live in and manage our biosphere and the anthropogenic biomes we live in. Major anthropogenic biomes: The endolithic biome, consisting entirely of microscopic life in rock pores and cracks, kilometers beneath the surface, has only recently been discovered, and does not fit well into most classification schemes. Biome A biome is a community of plants and animals that have common characteristics for the environment they

title: Amazon biome

text: Defenders of soybean farming point out that the soybean farms in the Amazonia Legal mostly occupy cerrado areas, not the Amazon biome. A statement by Cargill in 2006 said, "Soy occupies less than 0.6 percent of the land in the Amazon biome today, and most of that soy is grown on the fringes of the Amazon biome in the transitional area between the "Cerrado" and the forest. A 2010 assessment of soybean farmers associated with the Grupo André Maggi found that 62.55% of the properties produced 78.09% of the crop in the cerrado biome, while 37.45% produced 21.91% of the

title: Amazon biome

text: the Amazon biome in Brazil had been deforested. Satellite images show that in the 2006–11 period total deforestation in the Amazon biome was , of which were in the three soy-producing states of Mato Grosso, Para and Rondonia. A 2009 survey showed that of 620 recently deforested areas 203, or 32%, had been converted to pasture while 12, or less than 1%, were being used for soybeans. The biome is not the same as the Amazônia Legal, which covers a larger area of Brazil. The Amazon biome covers about 82% of the Legal Amazon if cerrado and campinarana are excluded.

title: Restoration of the Everglades

text: projects focusing on restoration were also scheduled to start in 2010. Governor Crist announced the same month that $50 million would be earmarked for Everglades restoration. In April of the same year, a federal district court judge sharply criticized both state and federal failures to meet deadlines, describing the cleanup efforts as being slowed by "glacial delay" and government neglect of environmental law enforcement "incomprehensible". Restoration of the Everglades The restoration of the Everglades is an ongoing effort to remedy damage inflicted on the environment of southern Florida during the 20th century. It is the most expensive and comprehensive environmental

title: Friends of the Everglades

text: results". The Friends of the Everglades organization continues to oppose efforts for government intervention for US Sugar Corporation environmental pollution, and maintains a close alliance with the Miccosukee Indian Tribe of the Everglades region in its legal efforts. One of the major issues continues to be the heavy use of chemical fertilizers by "Big Sugar" which result in excess phosphorus in Everglades waters. According to activists, government agencies have been lax in their demands on the sugar industry. In a September 2011 press release concerning current activity, Friends of the Everglades stated that it felt that the Florida Governor and

title: Amazon biome

text: Amazon biome The Amazon biome () contains the Amazon rainforest, an area of tropical rainforest, and other ecoregions that cover most of the Amazon basin and some adjacent areas to the north and east. The biome contains blackwater and whitewater flooded forest, lowland and montane terra firme forest, bamboo and palm forest, savanna, sandy heath and alpine tundra. Some areas are threatened by deforestation for timber and to make way for pasture or soybean plantations. The Amazon biome has an area of . The biome roughly corresponds to the Amazon basin, but excludes areas of the Andes to the west

title: Amazon biome

text: crop in the Amazon biome. In 2000 the Brazilian government banned creation of sugarcane plantations in the Amazon biome. In 2010 a presidential decree made low-interest credit available to oil palm development, but only on land that had been deforested before 2008. This may prove an environmentally sustainable economic solution. Amazon biome The Amazon biome () contains the Amazon rainforest, an area of tropical rainforest, and other ecoregions that cover most of the Amazon basin and some adjacent areas to the north and east. The biome contains blackwater and whitewater flooded forest, lowland and montane terra firme forest, bamboo and

title: Friends of the Everglades

text: not adequately address many critical needs. However, it does support the broader goals of this Federal plan, which dates from 1948, to protect the Everglades. In 2004, the Miccosukee tribe along with Friends of the Everglades initiated a lawsuit which accused the Environmental Protection Agency and DEP of failing to enforce the federal Clean Water Act. In 2009, a court victory for Friends of the Everglades was overturned by an appeals court, where the federal appellate court based its opinion on the "unitary waters" theory, which is an interpretation of the Clean Water Act which treats all bodies of water

title: Restoration of the Everglades

text: begins in the vicinity of Orlando. The Okeechobee River drains into Lake Okeechobee, a lake with an average depth of . During the wet season when the lake exceeds its capacity, the water leaves the lake in a very wide and shallow river, approximately long and wide. This wide and shallow flow is known as "sheetflow". The land gradually slopes toward Florida Bay, the historical destination of most of the water leaving the Everglades. Before drainage attempts, the Everglades comprised , taking up a third of the Florida peninsula. Since the early 19th century the Everglades have been a subject

title: What Kind of Fool Am I?

text: What Kind of Fool Am I? "What Kind of Fool Am I?" is a popular song written by Leslie Bricusse and Anthony Newley and published in 1962. It was introduced by Anthony Newley in the musical "Stop The World - I Want To Get Off". It comes at the end of Act Two to close the show. Bricusse and Newley received the 1961 Ivor Novello award for Best Song Musically and Lyrically, and the 1963 Grammy Award for Song of the Year, becoming the first Britons to do so. This song was recorded whilst Newley was on the road with

title: What Kind of Fool Am I?

text: album "War Elephant". Clay Aiken recorded the song on his 2010 album "Tried and True". Allan Sherman parodied the song as "One Hippopotami" on his 1963 album "My Son, the Nut". This song was the inspiration for a Gary Larson cartoon. What Kind of Fool Am I? "What Kind of Fool Am I?" is a popular song written by Leslie Bricusse and Anthony Newley and published in 1962. It was introduced by Anthony Newley in the musical "Stop The World - I Want To Get Off". It comes at the end of Act Two to close the show. Bricusse and

title: The Everglades: River of Grass

text: in 1997 by Cyril Zaneski; and the 60th anniversary edition in 2007 by Michael Grunwald, author of "The Swamp". The Everglades: River of Grass The Everglades: River of Grass is a non-fiction book written by Marjory Stoneman Douglas in 1947. Published the same year as the formal opening of Everglades National Park, the book was a call to attention about the degrading quality of life in the Everglades and remains an influential book on nature conservation as well as a reference for information on South Florida. It was used as recently as 2007 by "The New York Times". Douglas was

title: What Kind of Man Are You?

text: What Kind of Man Are You? What Kind of Man Are You? is a mass-media campaign in India asking men to use condoms to protect their wives from HIV/AIDS. The campaign was launched in 2005 by an organization named Breakthrough. This campaign heightened awareness for the over 2 million married women with HIV/AIDS in India who were infected by their husbands. The campaign encouraged an open, national dialogue about a woman's right to negotiate safe sex within her marriage. The campaign was featured on 160 mainstream media outlets, and was created pro bono by McCann Erickson. This campaign won multiple

title: The Everglades: River of Grass

text: The Everglades: River of Grass The Everglades: River of Grass is a non-fiction book written by Marjory Stoneman Douglas in 1947. Published the same year as the formal opening of Everglades National Park, the book was a call to attention about the degrading quality of life in the Everglades and remains an influential book on nature conservation as well as a reference for information on South Florida. It was used as recently as 2007 by "The New York Times". Douglas was a freelance writer who submitted stories to magazines throughout the 1920s, 1930s and 1940s. Her friend Hervey Allen was

text: for tropical productions! What facilities for commerce! Territorial representative David Levy proposed a resolution that was passed in Congress in 1842: "that the Secretary of War be directed to place before this House such information as can be obtained in relation to the practicability and probable expense of draining the everglades of Florida." From this directive Secretary of the Treasury Robert J. Walker requested Thomas Buckingham Smith from St. Augustine to consult those with experience in the Everglades on the feasibility of draining them, saying that he had been told two or three canals to the Gulf of Mexico would

title: Amazon biome

text: the average temperature of the biome is and average rainfall is , but there are wide variations from one region to another. The biome as a whole has annual rainfall from , about half of which is carried by winds from the Atlantic, and the other half from evapotranspiration within the biome. There are wide variations in total rainfall and distribution of rainfall throughout the year. The Amazon watershed covers about . The Amazon River accounts for 15–16% of the total water discharged by rivers into the oceans of the world. Rivers may be blackwater, whitewater or clearwater. Thus the

title: Biome

text: are clearly visible in his diagram. While this scheme largely ignores soil and sun exposure, Holdridge acknowledged that these were important. The principal biome-types by Allee (1949): The principal biomes of the world by Kendeigh (1961): Whittaker classified biomes using two abiotic factors: precipitation and temperature. His scheme can be seen as a simplification of Holdridge's; more readily accessible, but missing Holdridge's greater specificity. Whittaker based his approach on theoretical assertions and empirical sampling. He was in a unique position to make such a holistic assertion because he had previously compiled a review of biome classifications. Whittaker's distinction between biome

title: What Kind of Fool (Heard All That Before)

text: Kylie Minogue". These are the formats and track listings of major single releases of "What Kind of Fool (Heard All That Before)". Minogue performed the song on the following concert tours: What Kind of Fool (Heard All That Before) "What Kind of Fool (Heard All That Before)" is a song recorded by Australian recording artist Kylie Minogue, released as the lead single from her first greatest hits album "Greatest Hits" (1992). The song was written by Mike Stock, Minogue and Pete Waterman, and produced by Stock and Waterman. It was Minogue's last original single to be released from the record

title: Restoration of the Everglades

text: 1992. The project was estimated to cost $578 million to convert only of the canal; the cost was designed to be divided between the state of Florida and the U.S. government, with the state being responsible for purchasing land to be restored. A project manager for the Army Corps of Engineers explained in 2002, "What we're doing on this scale is going to be taken to a larger scale when we do the restoration of the Everglades". The entire project is estimated to be completed by 2011. Attention to water quality was focused in South Florida in 1986 when a

title: Biome

text: into ecoregions (Olson & Dinerstein, 1998, etc.). Each ecoregion is characterized by a main biome (also called major habitat type). This classification is used to define the Global 200 list of ecoregions identified by the WWF as priorities for conservation. For the terrestrial ecoregions, there is a specific EcoID, format XXnnNN (XX is the biogeographic realm, nn is the biome number, NN is the individual number). The applicability of the realms scheme above - based on Udvardy (1975) - to most freshwater taxa is unresolved. According to the WWF, the following are classified as freshwater biomes: Biomes of the coastal

title: Geography and ecology of the Everglades

text: Geography and ecology of the Everglades The geography and ecology of the Everglades involve the complex elements affecting the natural environment throughout the southern region of the U.S. state of Florida. Before drainage, the Everglades were an interwoven mesh of marshes and prairies covering . The Everglades is simultaneously a vast watershed that has historically extended from Lake Okeechobee south to Florida Bay (around one-third of the southern Florida peninsula), and many interconnected ecosystems within a geographic boundary. It is such a unique meeting of water, land, and climate that the use of either singular or plural to refer to

title: Geography and ecology of the Everglades

text: dioxide and water by microorganisms. Some homes built near early farms had to restructure their foundations on stilts as the peat deteriorated; other areas lost approximately of soil depth. Between the 1880s and 2005, an estimated 3.4 billion metric tons of soil has been lost in the Everglades due to oxidation. Most of that loss occurs in the Everglades Agricultural Area; the least amount of loss is found in Everglades National Park. Fire is another important element in the maintenance of the Everglades. The majority are caused by lightning strikes from thunderstorms during the wet season. Their effects are largely

text: between the eastern Everglades and suburbs from Palm Beach to Homestead, and blocked the flow of water into populated areas. Between 1954 and 1963 it divided the Everglades into basins. In the northern Everglades were Water Conservation Areas (WCAs), and the Everglades Agricultural Area (EAA) bordering to the south of Lake Okeechobee. In the southern Everglades was Everglades National Park. Levees and pumping stations bordered each WCA, which released water in drier times and removed it and pumped it to the ocean or Gulf of Mexico in times of flood. The WCAs took up about 37 percent of the original

title: Geography and ecology of the Everglades

text: is nourished primarily from the atmosphere. Before the first attempt at draining the Everglades in 1882, the entire watershed extended from Orlando to Florida Bay comprising the Kissimmee–Lake Okeechobee–Everglades (KLOE) watershed. Kissimmee River outlets flow into Lake Okeechobee, which sits above sea level. Only two seasons exist in the Everglades: wet (May to November) and dry (December to April). Average annual rainfall in the Everglades is approximately , though fluctuations of precipitation are normal. Droughts, floods, and tropical storms are normal occurrences in the area. When Lake Okeechobee exceeds its water storage capacity during the wet season, it pours slowly

title: Biome

text: summed the effects of gradients (3) and (4) to get an overall temperature gradient and combined this with a gradient (2), the moisture gradient, to express the above conclusions in what is known as the Whittaker classification scheme. The scheme graphs average annual precipitation (x-axis) versus average annual temperature (y-axis) to classify biome-types. The multiauthored series "Ecosystems of the world", edited by David W. Goodall, provides a comprehensive coverage of the major "ecosystem types or biomes" on earth: The eponymously-named Heinrich Walter classification scheme considers the seasonality of temperature and precipitation. The system, also assessing precipitation and temperature, finds nine

title: What Kind of Love Are You On

text: What Kind of Love Are You On "What Kind of Love Are You On" is a song by American hard rock band Aerosmith. The song, originally a track left off the "Nine Lives" album, was included on "" for the 1998 film "Armageddon" starring lead singer Steven Tyler's daughter Liv Tyler. The song, was released as a promotional single to rock radio, reaching #4 on the Mainstream Rock Tracks chart. It was written by Steven Tyler, guitarist Joe Perry and outside songwriters Jack Blades and Tommy Shaw (both formerly of Damn Yankees). It is the second song written for the

title: What Kind of Love

text: of "Billboard" magazine reviewed the song favorably, calling it the "first step in a major effort to immerse this rock-influenced country star into the pop and AC realm. She goes on to say that "twangy instrumentation a la Tom Petty and the late Roy Orbison (with whom this song was penned), combined with an appealing vocal, makes a strong argument for play at these and album rock formats." From "Life Is Messy" liner notes. "What Kind of Love" debuted at number 75 on the U.S. "Billboard" Hot Country Singles & Tracks for the week of June 27, 1992. Mike Walker

title: Restoration of the Everglades

text: the extraordinary magic of taking the Everglades out of the bleeding-hearts category forever". At the insistent urging of Marshall, newly elected Governor Bob Graham announced the formation of the "Save Our Everglades" campaign in 1983, and in 1985 Graham lifted the first shovel of backfill for a portion of the C-38 canal. Within a year the area was covered with water returning to its original state. Graham declared that by the year 2000, the Everglades would resemble its predrainage state as much as possible. The Kissimmee River Restoration Project was approved by Congress in the Water Resources Development Act of

title: Friends of the Everglades

text: will to enforce the Clean Water Act and make the polluters pay?" "Friends" continues to fight against this issue in the courts (2011). Legal actions by Friends of the Everglades have gone to the Supreme Court of the United States on two occasions. In 2003 Friends of the Everglades and the Miccosukee Indian Tribe argued the so-called "S-9" lawsuit over the protection of the Everglades. The Supreme Court sent the case back to the District Court to be reargued in the fall of 2004. Current Florida Governor Rick Scott has stated that he favors "restoration, not litigation," which provides a

title: Restoration of the Everglades

text: after nature. The Everglades, however, proved to be a bipartisan cause. The Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan (CERP) was authorized by the Water Resources Development Act of 2000 and signed into law by President Bill Clinton on December 11, 2000. It approved the immediate use of $1.3 billion for implementation to be split by the federal government and other sources. The State of Florida reports that it has spent more than $2 billion on the various projects since CERP was signed. More than of Stormwater Treatment Areas (STA) have been constructed to filter of phosphorus from Everglades waters. An STA covering

title: Friends of the Everglades

text: South Florida Water Management District from back-pumping agricultural chemicals from Big Sugar’s plantations into Lake Okeechobee and to require proper treatment of agricultural chemicals discharged to the Everglades from the Everglades Agricultural Area (EAA). Friends also has protested government plans to build 63 square miles of stormwater treatment area (STAs) or filtering marshes to absorb excess nutrients resulting from the agricultural pollution of Big Sugar plantations. Then-president of Friends of the Everglades, Joette Lorion (1998) stated, "Why should taxpayers be made to pay a billion dollars to clean up after big sugar, just because the government agencies don't have the

title: Restoration of the Everglades

text: park management and the C&SF when insufficient water in the park threw ecosystems into chaos. Fertilizers used in the EAA began to alter soil and hydrology in Everglades National Park, causing the proliferation of exotic plant species. However, a proposition to build a massive jetport in the Big Cypress Swamp in 1969 focused attention on the degraded natural systems in the Everglades. For the first time, the Everglades became a subject of environmental conservation. Environmental protection became a national priority in the 1970s. "Time" magazine declared it the Issue of the Year in January 1971, reporting that it was rated

title: Restoration of the Everglades

text: that evaluated the C&SF were submitted to the United States Congress in 1999. The report warned that if no action was taken the region would rapidly deteriorate. A strategy called the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan (CERP) was enacted to restore portions of the Everglades, Lake Okeechobee, the Caloosahatchee River, and Florida Bay to undo the damage of the past 50 years. It would take 30 years and cost $7.8 billion to complete. Though the plan was passed into law in 2000, it has been compromised by political and funding problems. The Everglades are part of a very large watershed that

title: Friends of the Everglades

text: Drive Elementary School in Miami, Florida, along with their teachers, Marta Whitehouse and Connie Washburn. The student organization was first formed in response to plans to build a sports and entertainment park on an area considered essential for wetlands restoration. Young Friends has educated 80,000 students in conservation. The founder of Friends of the Everglades, Marjory Douglas, stated, at 105 years old about Young Friends of the Everglades, "Take the children out to the Glades and let them learn; education will be the only way to save the Glades. Tell them the Everglades isn’t saved yet!" Membership in Young Friends

title: Everglades City, Florida

text: The town was incorporated the same year as "Everglades" (adding the "s"). The town consisted of only a dozen families at the time, but some northern sportsmen had established winter homes there. The Tamiami Trail, which crossed Collier's domain, passed five miles north of Everglades City. While construction was proceeding on the Trail (it was completed in 1929), Collier pushed construction of what became State Road 29 from Everglades City to Immokalee, providing the town with its first land connection to the rest of the state. In 1928, the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad began service to Everglades City, which became

title: The Everglades: River of Grass

text: an editor at Rinehart, responsible for the "Rivers of America Series". Allen asked her to write a story about the Miami River, but Douglas did not find it very interesting, calling it only "an inch long". She began learning more about the Miami River though, and in her research, she instead suggested to her editor to write a story about the Everglades. Douglas spent five years researching the Everglades, consulting with Garald Parker of the US Geological Survey, who was studying the Everglades hydrology systems, and eventually wrote nearly 40 papers on the ecosystems in the Everglades. "The Quarterly Review

text: decayed soil necessary for sugarcane production, were pumped into WCAs south of the EAA, predominantly to Everglades National Park. The introduction of large amounts of these let exotic plants take hold in the Everglades. One of the defining characteristics of natural Everglades ecology is its ability to support itself in a nutrient-poor environment, and the introduction of fertilizers began to change this ecology. A turning point for development in the Everglades came in 1969 when a replacement airport was proposed as Miami International Airport outgrew its capacities. Developers began acquiring land, paying $180 an acre in 1968, and the Dade

title: Restoration of the Everglades

text: Army Corps of Engineers to construct a dike around Lake Okeechobee. The four-story wall cut off water from the Everglades. Floods from hurricanes in 1947 motivated the U.S. Congress to establish the Central and Southern Florida Flood Control Project (C&SF), responsible for constructing of canals and levees, hundreds of pumping stations and other water control devices. The C&SF established Water Conservation Areas (WCAs) in 37% of the original Everglades, which acted as reservoirs providing excess water to the South Florida metropolitan area, or flushing it into the Atlantic Ocean or the Gulf of Mexico. The C&SF also established the Everglades

title: What Kind of Fool Do You Think I Am

text: What Kind of Fool Do You Think I Am "What Kind of Fool Do You Think I Am" is a song recorded by American country music artist Lee Roy Parnell, written by Al Carmichael and Gary Griffin. It was released in May 1992 as the second single from the album, "Love Without Mercy". The song was Parnell's fifth single release, and his first to reach Top 40 on the Hot Country Songs charts. It is also one of three singles in his career to reach number two on the country music charts. "What Kind of Fool Do You Think I

title: What Kind of Man Would I Be?

text: which had tended to de-emphasize or omit them altogether. It was the last Chicago single released with founding drummer Danny Seraphine before his departure from the band in 1990. What Kind of Man Would I Be? "What Kind of Man Would I Be?" is a song written by Jason Scheff, Chas Sandford and Bobby Caldwell and recorded by the band Chicago for their 1988 album "Chicago 19" and 1989 album "Greatest Hits 1982–1989". Scheff sang the lead vocals. A slightly remixed version of the song was included on the 1989 compilation album "Greatest Hits 1982–1989", and a single release of

title: What Kind of Man Would I Be?

text: What Kind of Man Would I Be? "What Kind of Man Would I Be?" is a song written by Jason Scheff, Chas Sandford and Bobby Caldwell and recorded by the band Chicago for their 1988 album "Chicago 19" and 1989 album "Greatest Hits 1982–1989". Scheff sang the lead vocals. A slightly remixed version of the song was included on the 1989 compilation album "Greatest Hits 1982–1989", and a single release of that remix peaked at number 5 on the US "Billboard" Hot 100 on February 24, 1990. This song features horns more prominently than other Chicago singles from the era,

title: What Kind of Love Are You On

text: film, the other being "I Don't Want to Miss a Thing". What Kind of Love Are You On "What Kind of Love Are You On" is a song by American hard rock band Aerosmith. The song, originally a track left off the "Nine Lives" album, was included on "" for the 1998 film "Armageddon" starring lead singer Steven Tyler's daughter Liv Tyler. The song, was released as a promotional single to rock radio, reaching #4 on the Mainstream Rock Tracks chart. It was written by Steven Tyler, guitarist Joe Perry and outside songwriters Jack Blades and Tommy Shaw (both formerly

title: What Kind of a Girl (Do You Think I Am)

text: What Kind of a Girl (Do You Think I Am) "What Kind of a Girl (Do You Think I Am)" is a song written by Loretta Lynn and Teddy Wilburn that was also recorded by Loretta Lynn. It was released as a single in August 1967 via Decca Records. "What Kind of a Girl (Do You Think I Am)" was recorded at the Bradley's Barn on January 18, 1967. Located in Mount Juliet, Tennessee, the session was produced by renowned country music producer Owen Bradley. Three additional tracks were recorded during this session. "What Kind of a Girl (Do You

text: an indecisive man who wronged Welch. "What Kind of Man" received acclaim from music critics. Al Horner of the "NME" wrote, "Musically, it's "big". Wagnerian backing vocals and horn blasts turn 'What Kind Of Man' into a spectacle worthy of [Welch's] new festival headliner status". Dee Lockett of Vulture dubbed it a "fiery rocker". Andrew Unterberger of "Spin" opined that the song "starts off a letdown, but quickly proves to be ['Ship to Wreck's] roaring equal, with the unexpected arrival of a thick guitar chop and regal horn salute that gives Florence the instrumental support she deserves as she excoriates

text: an uncommitted significant other". "What Kind of Man" debuted at number 57 on the UK Singles Chart, peaking at number 37 the following week. In the United States, the song reached number eight on the "Billboard" Alternative Songs chart, tying with the band's 2010 single "Dog Days Are Over" and subsequent single "Ship to Wreck" as their highest-peaking single on that chart. As of July 2018 in United Kingdom song has reached 177,000 sold copies and 11,2 million streams. The music video for "What Kind of Man" was directed by Vincent Haycock and choreographed by Ryan Heffington. It premiered on

title: What Kind of Fool (Do You Think I Am)

text: What Kind of Fool (Do You Think I Am) "What Kind of Fool (Do You Think I Am)" is a 1964 single written by Ray Whitley and recorded by The Tams. The single was their most successful release on both the United States R&B and pop charts. "What Kind of Fool (Do You Think I Am)" went to number one on the "Cash Box" R&B chart and peaked at number nine on the "Billboard" Hot 100. this track was one of the many hit records recorded at Rick Hall's FAME Studios in Muscle Shoals, Alabama. Musicians on this track included

text: Florida Flood Control Project, the Everglades was divided into sections separated by canals and water control devices that delivered water to agricultural and newly developed urban areas. However, in the late 1960s, following a proposal to construct a massive airport next to Everglades National Park, national attention turned from developing the land to restoring the Everglades. American involvement in the Everglades began during the Second Seminole War (1836–42), a costly and very unpopular conflict. The United States spent between $30 million and $40 million and lost between 1,500 and 3,000 lives. The U.S. military drove the Seminoles into the Everglades

title: Everglades City, Florida

text: the state legislature changed the town's name to Everglades City. Historic buildings in Everglades City include the Old Collier County Courthouse, Bank of Everglades Building, and Everglades Laundry (now the Museum of the Everglades). Everglades City, Florida Everglades City (formerly known as Everglades) is a city in Collier County, Florida, United States, of which it is the former county seat. As of the 2013 census, the population is 402. It is part of the Naples–Marco Island Metropolitan Statistical Area. The Gulf Coast Visitor Center for Everglades National Park is in Everglades City. Everglades City is located at . It is

title: Everglades Foundation

text: as such, the Everglades Foundation is often called on to provide expertise on policy issues impacting the Everglades with local governments such as Miami-Dade County, Florida, as well as the federal Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan (CERP) project. The Everglades Foundation holds an annual benefit known as the ForEverglades Benefit in Palm Beach, Fla., in February to increase awareness and funding to support scientific research and other programs related to Everglades restoration. The Everglades Foundation also dedicates funds for legal action to ensure the protection of the Everglades if needed. Everglades Foundation The Everglades Foundation was formed by a group of

title: Restoration of the Everglades

text: the EAA that was being released to the lower Everglades. The bill stated that the "Everglades ecosystem must be restored both in terms of water quality and water quantity and must be preserved and protected in a manner that is long term and comprehensive". It ensured the Florida Department of Environmental Protection (DEP) and the South Florida Water Management District (SFWMD) would be responsible for researching water quality, enforcing water supply improvement, controlling exotic species, and collecting taxes, with the aim of decreasing the levels of phosphorus in the region. It allowed for purchase of land where pollutants would be

title: Restoration of the Everglades

text: the Loxahatchee National Wildlife Refuge or other WCAs. The intrusion of urban areas into wilderness has had a substantial impact on wildlife, and several species of animals are considered endangered in the Everglades region. One animal that has benefited from endangered species protection is the American Alligator ("Alligator mississippiensis"), whose holes give refuge to other animals, often allowing many species to survive during times of drought. Once abundant in the Everglades, the alligator was listed as an endangered species in 1967, but a combined effort by federal and state organizations and the banning of alligator hunting allowed it to rebound;

title: Restoration of the Everglades

text: the acceptable amount of phosphorus in Everglades waterways from 10 ppb to 15 ppb and extended the deadline for the mandated decrease by 20 years. A compromise of 2016 was eventually reached. Environmental organizations express concern that attempts to speed up some of the construction through Acceler8 are politically motivated; the six projects Acceler8 focuses on do not provide more water to natural areas in desperate need of it, but rather to projects in populated areas bordering the Everglades, suggesting that water is being diverted to make room for more people in an already overtaxed environment. Though Congress promised half

title: Geography and ecology of the Everglades

text: quality of life in many of these urban areas was linked to the degraded local environment. The State of Florida and the U.S. government devised and passed a plan in 2000 to restore as much of the Everglades to pre-drainage conditions as possible. It is the costliest and most comprehensive environmental restoration project in history. Humans have also adversely impacted the ecology of the Everglades by introducing numerous invasive species, which may prey on or compete with native species. A spectacular and particularly damaging example of this phenomenon is the recent proliferation of the Burmese python in the Everglades, as

title: Geography and ecology of the Everglades

text: of prey such as ospreys, hawks and vultures are among the more than 100 species of birds that use Everglades mangrove trees to raise their young. Because much of the coast and inner estuaries are built by mangroves—and there is no border between the coastal marshes and the bay—the ecosystems in Florida Bay are considered part of the Everglades. More than of Florida Bay is protected by Everglades National Park, representing the largest body of water in the park boundaries. There are approximately one hundred keys in Florida Bay, many of which are mangrove forests. Larger islands may be taken

title: Restoration of the Everglades

text: to their natural states. Critics expressed concern over some unused technology; scientists were unsure if the quarries would hold as much water as was being suggested, and whether the water would harbor harmful bacteria from the quarries. Overtaxing the aquifers was another concern—it was not a technique that had been previously attempted. Though it was optimistic, the Restudy noted, It is important to understand that the 'restored' Everglades of the future will be different from any version of the Everglades that has existed in the past. While it certainly will be vastly superior to the current ecosystem, it will not

title: Restoration of the Everglades

text: fewer in number in their native lands often do not exist in the Everglades, and they compete with the embattled native species for food and space. Of imported plant species, melaleuca trees ("Melaleuca quinquenervia") have caused the most problems. Melaleucas grow on average in the Everglades, as opposed to in their native Australia. They were brought to southern Florida as windbreaks and deliberately seeded in marsh areas because they absorb vast amounts of water. In a region that is regularly shaped by fire, melaleucas are fire-resistant and their seeds are more efficiently spread by fire. They are too dense for

text: C&SF constructed over of canals, and hundreds of pumping stations and levees within three decades. It produced a film, "Waters of Destiny", characterized by author Michael Grunwald as propaganda, that likened nature to a villainous, shrieking force of rage and declared the C&SF's mission was to tame nature and make the Everglades useful. Everglades National Park management and Marjory Stoneman Douglas initially supported the C&SF, as it promised to maintain the Everglades and manage the water responsibly. However, an early report by the project reflected local attitudes about the Everglades as a priority to people in nearby developed areas: "The

text: other water, the Everglades became parched. Peat turned to dust, and salty ocean water entered Miami's wells. When the city brought in an expert to investigate, he discovered that the water in the Everglades was the area's groundwater—here, it appeared on the surface. Draining the Everglades removed this groundwater, which was replaced by ocean water seeping into the area's wells. In 1939, of Everglades burned, and the black clouds of peat and sawgrass fires hung over Miami. Underground peat fires burned roots of trees and plants without burning the plants in some places. Scientists who took soil samples before draining