query: when does nasdaq start trading?

title: NASDAQ

text: In 2016, Nasdaq earned $272 million in listings-related revenues. In October 2018, the SEC ruled that the NYSE and Nasdaq did not justify the continued price increases when selling market data. Nasdaq quotes are available at three levels: The Nasdaq Stock Market sessions eastern time are: 4:00 am to 9:30 am premarket session 9:30 am to 4:00 pm normal trading session 4:00 pm to 8:00 pm postmarket session The Nasdaq Stock Market has three different market tiers: As of June 2015, the Nasdaq Stock Market had an average annualized growth rate of 9.24% since its opening in February 1971. Since

title: NASDAQ

text: itself of Nasdaq in a series of sales in 2000 and 2001. The Nasdaq Stock Market is owned and operated by Nasdaq, Inc., the stock of which was listed on its own securities exchange on July 2, 2002, under the ticker symbol . The Nasdaq Stock Market began trading on February 8, 1971. It was the world's first electronic stock market. At first, it was merely a “quotation system” and did not provide a way to perform electronic trades. The Nasdaq Stock Market helped lower the spread (the difference between the bid price and the ask price of the stock)

title: NASDAQ

text: NASDAQ The Nasdaq Stock Market (, also known simply as Nasdaq) is an American stock exchange. It is the second-largest stock exchange in the world by market capitalization, behind only the New York Stock Exchange located in the same city. The exchange platform is owned by Nasdaq, Inc., which also owns the Nasdaq Nordic (formerly known as OMX) and Nasdaq Baltic stock market network and several U.S. stock and options exchanges "Nasdaq" was initially an acronym for the National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations. It was founded in 1971 by the National Association of Securities Dealers (NASD), which divested

title: Electronic trading

text: (CBOT) produced a rival system that was based on Oak Trading Systems’ Oak platform branded ‘E Open Outcry,’ an electronic trading platform that allowed for trading to take place alongside that took place in the CBOT pits. Set up in 1971, NASDAQ was the world's first electronic stock market, though it originally operated as an electronic bulletin board, rather than offering straight-through processing (STP). By 2011 investment firms on both the buy side and sell side were increasing their spending on technology for electronic trading. With the result that many floor traders and brokers were removed from the trading process.

title: Trading room

text: "finance labs" in universities and business schools. Trading rooms, have become a key medium in creating a "wall street atmosphere". Before the sixties or seventies, the banks' capital market businesses were mostly split into many departments, sometimes scattered at several sites, as market segments: money market (domestic and currencies), foreign exchange, long-term financing, exchange, bond market. By gathering these teams to a single site, banks want to ease: Trading rooms first appeared among United States bulge bracket brokers, such as Morgan Stanley, from 1971, with the creation of NASDAQ, which requires an equity trading desk on their premises, and the

title: NASDAQ Composite

text: NASDAQ Composite The NASDAQ Composite (ticker symbol ^IXIC) is a stock market index of the common stocks and similar securities (e.g. ADRs, tracking stocks, limited partnership interests) listed on the NASDAQ stock market. Along with the Dow Jones Average and S&P 500 it is one of the three most-followed indices in US stock markets. The composition of the NASDAQ Composite is heavily weighted towards information technology companies. After launching in 1971 with 50 companies and a starting value of 100, the NASDAQ Composite peaked at a high of 5,132.52 (and a closing price of 5048.62) on March 10, 2000 during

title: Day trading

text: than were available to the public. This resulted in a fragmented and sometimes illiquid market. The next important step in facilitating day trading was the founding in 1971 of NASDAQ—a virtual stock exchange on which orders were transmitted electronically. Moving from paper share certificates and written share registers to "dematerialized" shares, traders used computerized trading and registration that required not only extensive changes to legislation but also the development of the necessary technology: online and real time systems rather than batch; electronic communications rather than the postal service, telex or the physical shipment of computer tapes, and the development of

title: NASDAQ Transportation Index

text: is current as of February 18, 2011. An up-to-date list is available in the External Links section. It should be noted that this is an alphabetical list, and not a ranked list" Name Symbol NASDAQ Transportation Index The NASDAQ Transportation Index (Symbol: TRAN) is a capitalization-weighted stock market index designed to measure the performance of all NASDAQ stocks in the transportation sector. The index was developed with a base value of 100 as of February 5, 1971. The parent index is NASDAQ Composite Index. The index closed the year 1990 at 417.07. The index closed the year 1999 at 999.11.

title: NASDAQ Transportation Index

text: NASDAQ Transportation Index The NASDAQ Transportation Index (Symbol: TRAN) is a capitalization-weighted stock market index designed to measure the performance of all NASDAQ stocks in the transportation sector. The index was developed with a base value of 100 as of February 5, 1971. The parent index is NASDAQ Composite Index. The index closed the year 1990 at 417.07. The index closed the year 1999 at 999.11. In October 2007, it hit an all-time closing high of 3,107.87. Then in March 2009, it hit a six-year closing low of 1,242.50. In March 2014 it broke the high from 2007. "This list

title: Trading halt

text: honor the halt. The NASDAQ and other exchanges currently use 11 codes to specify in more detail why trading has been halted for a security. The Over The Counter Bulletin Board (OTCBB) currently uses 5 codes. A "non-regulatory" trading halt occurs if "significant order imbalance between buyers and sellers in a security" exist. (The NASDAQ stock exchange does not implement non-regulatory trading halts.) Before trading resumes, market specialists must determine an appropriate price range in which the security can trade. Unlike regulatory halts, other U.S. exchanges do not always stop trading a security affected by the non-regulatory halt. NASDAQ OMX

title: NASDAQ Canada

text: of New York City. The Nasdaq Canada Index was created at the same time as Nasdaq Canada. The Nasdaq Canada Index is composed of 61 companies. The ticker symbol of this index is CND. NASDAQ Canada NASDAQ Canada is a wholly owned subsidiary of the NASDAQ Stock Market Inc. and was created to extend Nasdaq's North American trading platform in Canada. Nasdaq Canada exists to enhance and ensure Canadian investors immediate trading access (including real time availability of all relevant data) of all Nasdaq securities and issuers with the ability to raise capital more efficiently. Nasdaq Canada is regulated jointly

title: NASDAQ Canada

text: NASDAQ Canada NASDAQ Canada is a wholly owned subsidiary of the NASDAQ Stock Market Inc. and was created to extend Nasdaq's North American trading platform in Canada. Nasdaq Canada exists to enhance and ensure Canadian investors immediate trading access (including real time availability of all relevant data) of all Nasdaq securities and issuers with the ability to raise capital more efficiently. Nasdaq Canada is regulated jointly by the NASDR and the Québec Securities Commission (CVMQ). NASDAQ Canada commenced functioning with the inaugural opening of its office from Montreal, Quebec, Canada, on 21 November 2000. In the first phase of the

title: NASDAQ OMX Commodities Europe

text: 420 members in total, including exchange members, clearing clients, members and representatives in 20 countries. The customer base for NASDAQ OMX Commodities Europe includes 400 members. NASDAQ OMX Commodities Europe provides a market place for the trade on derivative contracts in the financial market. Financial electricity contracts are used to guarantee prices and manage risk when trading power. NASDAQ OMX Commodities offers contracts of up to ten years' duration, with contracts for days, weeks, months, quarters and years. NASDAQ OMX Commodities Europe also trades EUAs. NASDAQ OMX Commodities Europe NASDAQ OMX Commodities Europe is a trade name of NASDAQ OMX

title: NASDAQ

text: automated trading systems. It was also the first stock market in the United States to trade online, highlighting Nasdaq-traded companies and closing with the declaration that the Nasdaq Stock Market is "the stock market for the next hundred years". The Nasdaq Stock Market attracted new growth companies, including Microsoft, Apple, Cisco, Oracle and Dell, and it helped modernize the IPO. Its main index is the NASDAQ Composite, which has been published since its inception. However, its exchange-traded fund tracks the large-cap NASDAQ-100 index, which was introduced in 1985 alongside the NASDAQ Financial-100 Index, which tracks the largest 100 companies in

title: NASDAQ Canada

text: development of Nasdaq Canada, trading operations were initially started with Nasdaq workstations and terminals installed at 10 participating Canadian securities firms in Montreal. The 10 initial Canadian brokerages participating in Nasdaq Canada are: This enabled these firms to trade the 5,000 Nasdaq-listed companies directly through their local broker, including the 42 Canadian companies previously listed solely on Nasdaq U.S. On December 2000, there were 146 Canadian companies listed on NASDAQ. Helen Kearns was the first President of Nasdaq Canada. On July 2004, Nasdaq announced the closing of Nasdaq Canada's only office in Montreal. Nasdaq Canada's operations are now run out

title: NASDAQ-100

text: index come up through the Q-50. In 2011, NASDAQ created the NASDAQ-500 to track the 500 largest stocks on NASDAQ, and the NASDAQ-400, tracking those stocks not included in the NASDAQ-100. NASDAQ has also divided the 100 into two distinct sub-indices; the NASDAQ-100 Tech follows those components who service the tech sector, and the NASDAQ-100 Ex-Tech, which follows those components that are not considered tech companies. The latter index includes noted E-commerce companies Amazon.com and eBay, which are classified as retailers. "This list is current as of the close of trading on November 16, 2018. An up-to-date list is available

title: NASDAQ Dubai

text: company of NASDAQ Dubai and Dubai Financial Market (DFM). In 2008, NASDAQ Dubai launched the first equity derivatives market in the United Arab Emirates. In 2010, the exchange took a step towards creating a single regional liquidity pool by moving all its equities trading on to DFM’s trading platform. The same year DFM acquired a two-thirds stake in NASDAQ Dubai, with Borse Dubai retaining a one-third stake. In 2011, the exchange transferred its Listing Authority from its own control to that of the Dubai Financial Services Authority. In 2012, the DFSA reduced the minimum market capitalisation for companies to list

title: Nasdaq Nordic

text: the Middle East, Africa and the Caribbean. Central Counterparty Clearing (CCC) technology is a significant potential growth area for OMX. OMX's SECUR clearing and Genium trading platform facilitate trade novation, derivatives clearing, risk management and improved liquidity. SECUR clearing and Genium trading technology are in production around the world. OMX's technology customers include: Nasdaq Nordic Nasdaq Nordic is the common name for the subsidiaries of Nasdaq, Inc. that provide financial services and operate marketplaces for securities in Nordic, Baltic, and Caucasus countries. Historically, the operations have been known by the company name "OMX AB" ("Aktiebolaget Optionsmäklarna"/Helsinki Stock E"x"change), which was

title: Trading halt

text: (owner of the NASDAQ stock market) displays current trading halts for the NASDAQ, New York Stock Exchange, and the American Stock Exchange, along with a rolling 21-day history. The OTCBB maintains its own trading halt list and a rolling 6-month history. A "trading suspension" occurs when the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) stops trading for a specific security because of "serious questions ... about a company’s assets, operations, or other financial information." Note that in this case, it is the SEC — not the exchange — stopping the security from being traded. Trading curbs stop trading for an

title: NASDAQ OMX Commodities Europe

text: exchange. In 2002, spot market activities were transferred into a newly established company, Nord Pool Spot AS. In 2005, Nord Pool started trading and clearing of EU emission allowances, becoming the first exchange to expand its activities into this area. On 21 December 2007, Nord Pool agreed to sell its two subsidiaries—Nord Pool Clearing, which deals with clearing transactions, and Nord Pool Consulting—to the global exchange operator NASDAQ OMX. On 17 March 2010, NASDAQ OMX announced it will acquire all shares of Nord Pool ASA. The deal does not include Nord Pool Spot AS, which will continue physical electricity market

title: NASDAQ Financial-100

text: not made public by NASDAQ. "For the latest component information, please refer to the NASDAQ's website." NASDAQ Financial-100 The NASDAQ Financial-100 is a specialty index operated by NASDAQ that follows stocks in the Financial services index. It was created in 1985 as the sister index to the more widely followed NASDAQ-100. As designed by NASDAQ, this index follows companies that engage in banking, insurance, mortgages, securities trading and real estate. It also has, among its components, exchanges, including NASDAQ itself. To qualify for membership in the index, the following standards must be met: Like the NASDAQ-100, the index is rebalanced

title: NASDAQ OMX Commodities Europe

text: trading operations independently. The deal was approved by market regulators on 31 May 2010. On 1 November 2010, Nord Pool ASA changed its name to NASDAQ OMX Oslo ASA and introduced a trade name NASDAQ OMX Commodities Europe. NASDAQ OMX Commodities Europe provides a marketplace for financial trading in electrical power, and emission allowances and emission credits. It has its main office in Oslo with offices in Stockholm and Helsinki. The NASDAQ OMX Commodities Europe market membership includes energy producers, energy intensive industries, large consumers, distributors, funds, investment companies, banks, brokers, utility companies and financial institutions. It has more than

title: August 2013 NASDAQ flash freeze

text: are being traded. At 12:20pm, all trading was halted on the Nasdaq exchange. There was a subsequent trading halt placed on ‘Tape C’ stocks - Nasdaq listed stocks which may be traded on other exchanges, as quotes could not be provided for those securities. Unlike some purposeful trading halts, options trading did not continue during the flash freeze. In a statement, Nasdaq claimed that the initial cause of the outage was identified and resolved within 30 minutes and that the additional outage time was to ensure that there would be a stable reopening of the market. Test trades began at

title: August 2013 NASDAQ flash freeze

text: August 2013 NASDAQ flash freeze For three hours on August 22, 2013, trading was halted on the Nasdaq Stock Market. Trading on the exchange stopped at 12:14pm and resumed at 3:25pm, with 35 minutes left of trading for the day. One week after the trading halt NASDAQ OMX credited the freeze to an overloading of the Securities Information Processor (SIP) caused by reconnection issues with the New York Stock Exchange Arca. The freeze received substantial media coverage and generated discussions on the security of increasingly technologically advanced stock exchanges. The event coined the term "flash freeze" following the earlier "flash

title: NASDAQ Private Market

text: NASDAQ Private Market NASDAQ Private Market is an American SaaS company that provides transaction software to private companies and investment funds looking to do tender offers or share buybacks. The company also has a trading business arm for buying and selling illiquid assets, including auction‐rate securities, bankruptcy claims, limited partnership interests, private company stock, restricted securities in public companies, structured products, and whole loans. In the early days of the company a major source of business came from its platform for trading shares of Facebook and other in-demand startups. SecondMarket Solutions changed its name to NASDAQ Private Market after being

title: NASDAQ

text: but was unpopular among brokerages which made much of their money on the spread. The NASDAQ Stock Market eventually assumed the majority of major trades that had been executed by the over-the-counter (OTC) system of trading, but there are still many securities traded in this fashion. As late as 1987, the Nasdaq exchange was still commonly referred to as "OTC" in media reports and also in the monthly Stock Guides (stock guides and procedures) issued by Standard & Poor's Corporation. Over the years, the Nasdaq Stock Market became more of a stock market by adding trade and volume reporting and

title: NASDAQ Financial-100

text: NASDAQ Financial-100 The NASDAQ Financial-100 is a specialty index operated by NASDAQ that follows stocks in the Financial services index. It was created in 1985 as the sister index to the more widely followed NASDAQ-100. As designed by NASDAQ, this index follows companies that engage in banking, insurance, mortgages, securities trading and real estate. It also has, among its components, exchanges, including NASDAQ itself. To qualify for membership in the index, the following standards must be met: Like the NASDAQ-100, the index is rebalanced annually, only it's done in June. Components that are in the top 100 of financial companies

title: High-frequency trading

text: (consolidated quote that is necessarily slow) and the amount of "jitter" that can happen when looking at such granular timings. In March 2012, regulators fined Octeg LLC, the equities market-making unit of high-frequency trading firm Getco LLC, for $450,000. Octeg violated Nasdaq rules and failed to maintain proper supervision over its stock trading activities. The fine resulted from a request by Nasdaq OMX for regulators to investigate the activity at Octeg LLC from the day after the May 6, 2010 Flash Crash through the following December. Nasdaq determined the Getco subsidiary lacked reasonable oversight of its algo-driven high-frequency trading. In

title: NASDAQ-100

text: base price of the index was initially set at 250, but when it closed near 800 on December 31, 1993, the base was reset at 125 the following trading day, leaving the halved NASDAQ-100 price below that of the more commonly known NASDAQ Composite. The first annual adjustments were made in 1993 in advance of options on the index that would trade at the Chicago Board Options Exchange in 1994. Foreign companies were first admitted to the index in January 1998, but had higher standards to meet before they could be added. Those standards were relaxed in 2002, while standards

title: NASDAQ OMX Commodities Europe

text: NASDAQ OMX Commodities Europe NASDAQ OMX Commodities Europe is a trade name of NASDAQ OMX Oslo ASA, the single financial energy market for Norway, Denmark, Sweden and Finland. Before 1 November 2010, it was known by the name Nord Pool (not to be confused with the physical energy exchange Nord Pool AS, former Nord Pool Spot). , Nord Pool was the largest power derivatives exchange and the second largest exchange in European Union emission allowances (EUAs) and global certified emission reductions (CERs) trading. In 1991 the Parliament of Norway decided to deregulate the market for power trading. In 1993 Statnett

title: NASDAQ OMX Vilnius

text: NASDAQ OMX Vilnius The Nasdaq Vilnius Stock Exchange ("till 2015 m. – Nasdaq OMX Vilnius") is a stock exchange established in 1993 ("Vilnius Stock Exchange", "VSE") operating in Vilnius, Lithuania. It is owned by Nasdaq Nordic, which also operates Helsinki Stock Exchange and Stockholm Stock Exchange. VSE, together with Riga Stock Exchange and Tallinn Stock Exchange is part of the joint Baltic market that was established to minimize investing barriers between Estonian, Latvian and Lithuanian markets. It has a pre-market session from 08:45am to 10:00am, a normal trading session from 10:00am to 04:00pm and post-market session from 04:00pm to 04:30pm.

title: Nasdaq First North

text: the positive aspects of being a listed company. And unlike the regulated main market, every company on First North has a Certified Adviser to ensure that companies comply with all requirements and rules. Many large and established companies began their journey on First North, creating growth and gaining experience. Many of these companies went on to listing on the Nasdaq regulated main market. The First North market runs parallel to the main market, where the shares are traded in a single trading system. This allows approximately 200 European trading members of Nasdaq to easily trade on the two markets. For

title: Trading day

text: Trading day In business, the trading day or regular trading hours (RTH) is the time span that a particular stock exchange is open. For example, the New York Stock Exchange is, as of 2015, open from 9:30 AM Eastern Time to 4:00 PM Eastern Time. Trading days are usually Monday to Friday. When a trading day ends, all share trading ends and is frozen in time until the next trading day begins. There are several other special circumstances which would lead to a shortened trading day, or no trading day at all, such as on holidays. The NYSE and NASDAQ

title: August 2013 NASDAQ flash freeze

text: 2:45pm and trading officially resumed at 3:25pm. It was later reported that trades in ‘dark pools’ on Nasdaq listed securities continued in a limited manner past 12:14pm when trading was halted, until approximately 1:15pm. Multiple "dark pool" trading platforms were also shut down during the freeze, and some did not reopen until the follow day, such as Sigma X, a dark pool operated by Goldman Sachs Group Inc. Dark pools operated by other prominent banks and trading firms such as Wells Fargo and Citadel LLC were also nonoperational for periods of the freeze. These dark pools are not the jurisdiction

title: Trading halt

text: minutes of a halt is for "news pending" before any information is released that could affect a stock significantly, also known as the "5 minute window". Trading halts usually occur when a publicly traded company is going to release significant news about itself. The halt in trading for the affected security gives investors time to review the news and assess its impact. Another situation in which a trading halt might occur is when the exchange is uncertain "whether the security continues to meet the market’s listing standards." Note, there are also "trading pauses", which are defined as, under NASDAQ, "if

title: NASDAQ Dubai

text: raised $ 4.96 billion. It was 15x oversubscribed and is one of the most valued companies in the region. In 2014, Emirates REIT carried out an IPO on the exchange, becoming the first Real Estate Investment Trust to list in the GCC. The exchange is the third largest in the world for listed Sukuk by value and conventional bonds are also listed. Equity derivatives can be traded. The exchange operates a Murabaha platform for Islamic financing. The trading hours of NASDAQ Dubai are from 10:00 am to 2:00 pm (06:00 am to 10:00 pm GMT) from Sunday to Thursday. NASDAQ

title: NASDAQ-100

text: On March 23, Walgreens Boots Alliance replaced Equinix in the index. Equinix converted into a REIT, making it ineligible for inclusion in the NASDAQ-100, but it did gain eligibility for the NASDAQ Financial-100. On July 1, Liberty Interactive created two new tracking stocks, tracking the company's interests in Latin America. Both tracking stocks were added to the index the same day. On July 2, Kraft Foods and Heinz completed their merger, becoming the Kraft Heinz Company. Catamaran Corporation was removed from the index after the close of trading on July 23, after going private. JD.com replaced it on July 29.

title: Nasdaq Nordic

text: The newly merged company was renamed the NASDAQ OMX Group upon completion of the deal on 27 February 2008. The following exchanges, with official market names within parentheses, are operated by Nasdaq Nordic: The company's stock market activities are categorized into three divisions: In North America OMX supports its most high-profile customers such as the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA), ICAP, ISE, and IDCG which are powered by OMX trading systems such as X-stream, CLICK, CONDICO and SAXESS. OMX is the world's leading provider of central securities depository (CSD) technology. Its Equator CSD product is used by clients in Europe,

title: Extended-hours trading

text: Extended-hours trading Extended-hours trading (or electronic trading hours, ETH) is stock trading that happens either before or after the regular trading hours (RTH) of a stock exchange, i.e., pre-market trading or after-hours trading. After-hours trading is the name for buying and selling of securities when the major markets are closed. Since 1985, the regular trading hours for major exchanges in the United States, such as the New York Stock Exchange and the Nasdaq Stock Market, have been from 9:30 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. Eastern Time (ET). Pre-market trading occurs from 4:00 a.m. to 9:30 a.m. ET, although the majority of

title: Extended-hours trading

text: after-hours session are required to comply with all applicable limit order protection and display rules (e.g., the Manning Rule and the SEC order handling rules). Extended-hours trading Extended-hours trading (or electronic trading hours, ETH) is stock trading that happens either before or after the regular trading hours (RTH) of a stock exchange, i.e., pre-market trading or after-hours trading. After-hours trading is the name for buying and selling of securities when the major markets are closed. Since 1985, the regular trading hours for major exchanges in the United States, such as the New York Stock Exchange and the Nasdaq Stock Market,

title: Trading day

text: remotely using electronic trading platforms. For those trading in different parts of the world, there are unique Trading Days based on the hours associated with any given time zone. For example, NASDAQ is open 9:30-16:00 ET and anyone outside of the Eastern Standard time zone will have a different Trading Day. The Trading Day for a person in Vancouver would be 6:30-13:00. During the part of the year when the US is on Standard time, in it would be 17:30-24:00 in Moscow, and in Shanghai it would be 22:30-5:00. Remote traders should find their trading hours based on the Stock

title: NASDAQ-100

text: NASDAQ-100 The NASDAQ-100 (^NDX) is a stock market index made up of 103 equity securities issued by 100 of the largest non-financial companies listed on the NASDAQ. It is a modified capitalization-weighted index. The stocks' weights in the index are based on their market capitalizations, with certain rules capping the influence of the largest components. It is based on exchange, and it is not an index of U.S.-based companies. It does not have any financial companies, since these were put in a separate index. Both of those criteria differentiate it from the Dow Jones Industrial Average, and the exclusion of

title: August 2013 NASDAQ flash freeze

text: the SIP. Every connect and disconnect sequence sent by NYSE Arca to the SIP resulted in over 26000 updates, per port per second. This enormously overwhelmed the Nasdaq SIP and resulted in a system shut down to prevent ensure fairness in the market and prevent further overloading. Nasdaq stated that the volume of activity, per port, per second, at the time of the freeze, was 26 times that of a usual trading day. On August 22, 2013, NASDAQ OMX released a brief statement citing a connectivity issue between an exchange participant and the SIP as the catalyst for the inability

title: NASDAQ futures

text: afternoon. CME Group provides live feeds for Nasdaq Futures and these are published on various websites like Bloomberg.com, Money.CNN.com, NasdaqFutures.org. Futures contracts are commonly used for hedge or speculative financial goals. Futures contracts are used to hedge, or offset investment risk by commodity owners (i.e., farmers), or portfolios with undesirable risk exposure offset by the futures position. Futures are also widely used to speculate trading profits. Futures trading is skyrocketing – CME's E-mini contracts averaged 3.5 million contracts a day in 2008, a 37 percent yearly increase in volume, while equity volume increased only 2 percent for the same period

title: Automated trading system

text: market without any supervision was first launched in 2008 which was Betterment by Jon Stein. Since then, this system has been improving with the development in the IT industry. Now, Automated Trading System is managing huge assets all around the globe. In 2014, more than 75 percent of the stock shares traded on United States exchanges (including the New York Stock Exchange and NASDAQ) originated from automated trading system orders. Automated trading system can be based on a predefined set of rules which determine when to enter an order, when to exit a position, and how much money to invest

title: Algorithmic trading

text: in at least one state; in simple terms, it is the possibility of a risk-free profit at zero cost. Example: One of the most popular Arbitrage trading opportunities is played with the S&P futures and the S&P 500 stocks. During most trading days these two will develop disparity in the pricing between the two of them. This happens when the price of the stocks which are mostly traded on the NYSE and NASDAQ markets either get ahead or behind the S&P Futures which are traded in the CME market. Arbitrage is possible when one of three conditions is met: Arbitrage

title: Electronic trading

text: Electronic trading Electronic or scripless trading, sometimes called e-trading or paperless trading is a method of trading securities (such as stocks, and bonds), foreign exchange or financial derivatives electronically. Information technology is used to bring together buyers and sellers through an electronic trading platform and network to create virtual market places. They can include various exchange-based systems, such as NASDAQ, NYSE Arca and Globex, as well as other types of trading platforms, such as electronic communication networks (ECNs), alternative trading systems, crossing networks and "dark pools". Electronic trading is rapidly replacing human trading in global securities markets. Electronic trading is

title: NASDAQ Composite

text: 31, 2007, the highest point reached on the index since January 24, 2001. High energy prices and the possibility of recession dropped the NASDAQ into a bear market in early 2008, which was recognized on February 6 when the NASDAQ closed below the 2,300 level, about 20% below the recent highs. Furthermore, the failure of Lehman Brothers in September brought world financial markets into turmoil. The NASDAQ was no exception, experiencing record levels of market volatility. On September 29, 2008, the NASDAQ dropped nearly 200 points, the most since the tech bubble burst, losing 9.14% (third largest in history) to

title: NASDAQ Composite

text: the first Internet bubble, and subsequently fell to a low of 1,108.49 on October 10, 2002 when the bubble burst. On April 23, 2015, after over 15 years, the index made a new closing high of 5,056.06. On June 18, 2015, the index made a new all-time high of 5,143.32, finally surpassing the high made during the tech bubble. On January 17, 2018, the Nasdaq finally achieved a new inflation-adjusted closing high from March 10, 2000. The NASDAQ-100, whose components are a subset of the NASDAQ Composite's, accounts for over 90% of the NASDAQ Composite's movement, and there are many

title: NASDAQ

text: the end of the recession in June 2009 however, it has increased by 18.29% per year. NASDAQ The Nasdaq Stock Market (, also known simply as Nasdaq) is an American stock exchange. It is the second-largest stock exchange in the world by market capitalization, behind only the New York Stock Exchange located in the same city. The exchange platform is owned by Nasdaq, Inc., which also owns the Nasdaq Nordic (formerly known as OMX) and Nasdaq Baltic stock market network and several U.S. stock and options exchanges "Nasdaq" was initially an acronym for the National Association of Securities Dealers Automated

title: Trading halt

text: a security is subject to a Trading Pause, the Pause Threshold Price field will contain the reference threshold price that deviates 10% from a print on the Consolidated Tape that is last sale eligible as compared to every print in that security on a rolling five (5) minute basis". Both of the reasons mentioned above are "regulatory" trading halts and are implemented on many major stock exchanges (for example, the American Stock Exchange, NASDAQ, and New York Stock Exchange). When a United States exchange enacts a regulatory halt for a security, other U.S. exchanges that also trade the security will

title: August 2013 NASDAQ flash freeze

text: timelines of the freeze in order to identify the causes and areas for improvement. It was reported that the two platforms had conflicting reports of the causes and events. Nasdaq were also criticised for their lack of communication with traders and retail investors while the market was closed. Significantly, no message was sent by Nasdaq through the market feed to inform traders that the freeze had occurred. These messages are relied upon by automatic trading systems to ensure trades are not placed on markets which aren't operating, and resulted in manual shut down of trades in some firms. LandColt Capital

title: August 2013 NASDAQ flash freeze

text: to distribute quotes. The “exchange participant”, later named as NYSE Arca was not specified in the initial statement. It was stated that the initial error was identified and resolved within 30 minutes and that the subsequent outage time was spent coordinating with regulators and stakeholders. On August 29, 2013, NASDAQ OMX issued a statement detailing the causes of the trading halt, as well as admitting a degree of responsibility for the outage. The statement accredited a number of convergent issues as the cause of the outage, some of which NASDAQ OMX took responsibility for. Of these issues they stated that

title: NASDAQ futures

text: NASDAQ futures NASDAQ futures are financial futures that allow an investor to hedge with or speculate on the future value of various components of the NASDAQ market index. Several futures instruments are derived from the Nasdaq composite index, these include the E-mini NASDAQ composite futures, the E-mini NASDAQ biology futures, the NASDAQ-100 futures, and the E-mini NASDAQ-100 futures. All of the NASDAQ derived future contracts are a product of the Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME). They expire quarterly (March, June, September, and December), and are traded on the CME Globex exchange nearly 24 hours a day, from Sunday afternoon to Friday

title: NASDAQ

text: Market. It was purchased by NASDAQ in 2001 and became NASDAQ Europe. Operations were shut down, however, as a result of the burst of the dot-com bubble. In 2007, NASDAQ Europe was revived as Equiduct, and is currently operating under Börse Berlin. On June 18, 2012, Nasdaq OMX became a founding member of the United Nations Sustainable Stock Exchanges initiative on the eve of the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development (Rio+20). In November 2016, Nasdaq Chief Operating Officer Adena Friedman was promoted to the role of CEO, becoming the first woman to run a major exchange in the U.S.

title: NASDAQ

text: terms of market capitalization. In 1992, the Nasdaq Stock Market joined with the London Stock Exchange to form the first intercontinental linkage of securities markets. The National Association of Securities Dealers spun off the Nasdaq Stock Market in 2000 to form a publicly traded company. On March 10, 2000, the NASDAQ Composite peaked at 5,132.52, but fell to 3227 by April 17, and in the following 30 months fell 78% from its peak. In 2006, the status of the Nasdaq Stock Market was changed from a stock market to a licensed national securities exchange. In 2007, Nasdaq merged with OMX,

title: NASDAQ Dubai

text: Dubai still owns one third of the shares. NASDAQ Dubai is located in the Dubai International Financial Centre, a financial free zone. The exchange is regulated by the Dubai Financial Services Authority. The exchange launched on 26 September 2005 under the name Dubai International Financial Exchange (DIFX), which initially listed equities and index products. In 2007, the exchange listed the largest IPO in the Middle East, when DP World raised USD 4.96 billion. In 2008, NASDAQ OMX acquired a one-third stake in the DIFX and it rebranded to NASDAQ Dubai. The other two-thirds was owned by Borse Dubai, the holding

title: Nasdaq Nordic

text: Nasdaq Nordic Nasdaq Nordic is the common name for the subsidiaries of Nasdaq, Inc. that provide financial services and operate marketplaces for securities in Nordic, Baltic, and Caucasus countries. Historically, the operations have been known by the company name "OMX AB" ("Aktiebolaget Optionsmäklarna"/Helsinki Stock E"x"change), which was created in 2003 upon a merger between "OM AB" and "HEX plc". In 2015, the legal entity OMX AB was renamed Nasdaq AB, but it also operates under the alias "Nasdaq OMX AB". The operations have been part of Nasdaq, Inc. (formerly known as "Nasdaq OMX Group") since February 2008. Nasdaq Nordic has

title: Direct-access trading

text: Direct-access trading Direct-access trading is a technology which allows stock traders to trade directly with market makers or specialists, rather than trading through stockbrokers. Direct-access trading systems use front-end trading software and high-speed computer links to stock exchanges such as NASDAQ, NYSE and the various electronic communication networks. Direct-access trading system transactions are executed in a fraction of a second and their confirmations are instantly displayed on the trader's computer screen. Most direct-access firms charge commissions based on trading volume, usually in terms of calendar months. Increased trading activity typically reduces commission for each trade. Commissions are generally on a

title: NASDAQ-100

text: A shares (CMCSA). Due to this change, the last day of trading for the symbol (CMCSK) was December 11. NASDAQ announced on December 11 that seven companies would be replaced in the index on December 21 due to annual re-ranking. The companies joining the index effective prior to market open were Ctrip, Endo International, Expedia, Maxim Integrated Products, Norwegian Cruise Line Holdings, T-Mobile US, and Ulta Salon, Cosmetics and Fragrances. The companies leaving the index were C. H. Robinson Worldwide, Expeditors International, Garmin, Keurig Green Mountain, Staples, Inc., VimpelCom, and Wynn Resorts. In addition, two Liberty Media (Liberty Global plc)

title: NASDAQ-100

text: by traders. On March 23, 2011, Nasdaq changed its symbol back to QQQ. In 2000, QQQ was the most actively traded security in the United States, and hit an all-time split adjusted intra-day trading high of $120.50 on March 24 of that year, but has since dropped to being within the top five after other stocks and ETFs such as the Standard & Poor's Depositary Receipts. As of August 2012, the fund was the third most actively traded exchange-traded product in the world. On July 17, 2007, the ETF closed above $50 for the first time since early 2001. After

title: High-frequency trading

text: were both found to have contributed to volatility in the Flash Crash of May 6, 2010, when high-frequency liquidity providers rapidly withdrew from the market. Several European countries have proposed curtailing or banning HFT due to concerns about volatility. High-frequency trading has taken place at least since the 1930s, mostly in the form of specialists and pit traders buying and selling positions at the physical location of the exchange, with high-speed telegraph service to other exchanges. The rapid-fire computer-based HFT developed gradually since 1983 after NASDAQ introduced a purely electronic form of trading. At the turn of the 21st century,

title: NASDAQ

text: counter-bid of their own for NYSE. NASDAQ OMX could be looking to acquire the American exchange's cash equities business, ICE the derivatives business. At the time, "NYSE Euronext’s market value was $9.75 billion. Nasdaq was valued at $5.78 billion, while ICE was valued at $9.45 billion." Late in the month, Nasdaq was reported to be considering asking either ICE or the Chicago Mercantile Exchange to join in what would probably have to be, if it proceeded, an $11–12 billion counterbid. The European Association of Securities Dealers Automatic Quotation System (EASDAQ) was founded as a European equivalent to the Nasdaq Stock

title: Nasdaq, Inc.

text: Nasdaq, Inc. Nasdaq, Inc. is an American multinational financial services corporation that owns and operates (and is listed on) the NASDAQ stock market and eight European stock exchanges, namely Armenian Stock Exchange, Copenhagen Stock Exchange, Helsinki Stock Exchange, Iceland Stock Exchange, Riga Stock Exchange, Stockholm Stock Exchange, Tallinn Stock Exchange, and NASDAQ OMX Vilnius. It is headquartered in New York City, and its president and chief executive officer is Adena Friedman. Nasdaq, Inc. is the owner of the NASDAQ listing, founded in 1975. In December 2005, the London Stock Exchange Group (LSE) rejected a £1.6 billion takeover offer from Macquarie

title: NASDAQ-100

text: States. Although the S&P 500 Index includes non-U.S. companies, the Dow Jones Industrial Average has never included foreign companies. As of November 2018, the Nasdaq-100 has companies incorporated in the following foreign countries: Additionally, the NASDAQ-100 is also the only index of the three that has a regularly scheduled re-ranking of its index each year (in December), ensuring that the largest non-financial companies on NASDAQ are accurately included. In 2006, NASDAQ created a "farm team" index, the NASDAQ Q-50, representing the next fifty stocks in line to enter the NASDAQ-100. With some exceptions, most stocks that are added to the

title: NASDAQ-100

text: occur, via press releases at least five business days before the change takes place. The 2018 results of the re-ranking and rebalancing were announced on December 14, with the changes effective the morning of December 24, coinciding with the expiration of options on December 21. The NASDAQ-100 is frequently confused with the Nasdaq Composite Index. The latter index (often referred to simply as ""The Nasdaq"") includes the stock of every company that is listed on NASDAQ (more than 3,000 altogether) and is quoted more frequently than the NASDAQ-100 in popular media. The NASDAQ-100 is a modified capitalization-weighted index. This particular

title: NASDAQ Dubai

text: NASDAQ Dubai NASDAQ Dubai is a Dubai-based stock exchange that lists regional and international shares in the Middle East. Through the exchange, regional issuers can access regional and international investment. International issuers can access investment from the region, through a primary or dual listing. The NASDAQ Dubai region includes the United Arab Emirates and the rest of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), the wider Middle East and North Africa, Turkey and the Indian sub-continent. The majority shareholder of NASDAQ Dubai is DFM, which acquired two thirds of the shares in May 2010 from Borse Dubai and NASDAQ OMX Group. Borse

title: Nasdaq, Inc.

text: on June 3, 2013. In April 2017, Nasdaq launched Nasdaq Ventures, a venture investment program focused on companies that will help Nasdaq grow its product lines and open new market segments. The first 3 companies announced as part of the program are Chain, a blockchain technology company; Digital Reasoning, cognitive computing technology; and Hanweck, real-time risk analytics. NASDAQ Inc. partners with stock exchanges all over the world. One of the most recent partnerships was signed with Astana International Financial Centre (AIFC) in May 2017. According to the agreement, NASDAQ will power Kazakhstan's nascent stock exchange, the AIFC Exchange. In January

title: Nasdaq, Inc.

text: Philadelphia Stock Exchange. On May 25, 2007, NASDAQ agreed to buy OMX, the Swedish-Finnish financial company that controls 7 Nordic and Baltic stock exchanges, for US$3.7 billion to form NASDAQ OMX Group. As of February 27, 2008, the deal was completed. On June 18, 2012, NASDAQ became a founding member of the United Nations Sustainable Stock Exchanges initiative on the eve of the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development (Rio+20). On December 12, 2012, NASDAQ OMX announced that it would acquire Thomson Reuters' investor relations, public relations and multimedia businesses for $390 million in cash. NASDAQ OMX completed the purchase

title: NASDAQ-100

text: methodology was created in 1998 in advance of the creation the NASDAQ-100 Index Trust, which holds portions of all NASDAQ-100 firms. The new methodology allowed NASDAQ to reduce the influence of the largest companies and to allow for more diversification. However, the weights of the stocks were not changed after that, which led to more problems. In May 2011, NASDAQ did a major rebalance of the index to bring it closer to market-cap weighting. The index is rebalanced only if: In addition to its lack of financial companies, the Nasdaq-100 includes 12 stocks of 11 companies incorporated outside the United

title: Algorithmic trading

text: to different destinations has become easier and the go-to market time has reduced, when it comes to connecting with a new destination. With the standard protocol in place, integration of third-party vendors for data feeds is not cumbersome anymore. Though its development may have been prompted by decreasing trade sizes caused by decimalization, algorithmic trading has reduced trade sizes further. Jobs once done by human traders are being switched to computers. The speeds of computer connections, measured in milliseconds and even microseconds, have become very important. More fully automated markets such as NASDAQ, Direct Edge and BATS (formerly an acronym

title: NASDAQ futures

text: of time. However studies reveal that hedging strategies still dominate speculation trade activity in every futures market studied. Investment in trading algorithms research (a mathematical rule set for futures trading entry, exit, and stop loss points often calculated and executed by computer) is phenomenal. Investment banking firm Goldman Sachs devotes more of its resources, tens of millions annually, to developing trading algorithms than it does on trade desk staffing. Trading algorithms may be as exotic as biology theorems like neural network applied to financial market trading by Gang Dong of Rutgers University, or completely based on current market time/price analysis.

title: NASDAQ-100

text: the fourth component of the NASDAQ-100 to also be included in the Dow Jones Industrial Average, joining Cisco Systems, Intel, and Microsoft, but was removed from the DJIA when it subsequently split into two companies. On Wednesday December 12, 2012, Facebook Inc. became part of the NASDAQ-100 Index prior to the market open, replacing Infosys Limited, which transferred its listing to the NYSE. Prior to the market open on Monday, December 24, 2012, 20 changes to the index took place. The ten companies joining the index were Analog Devices, Catamaran Corporation, Discovery Communications, Equinix, Liberty Global, Liberty Media, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals,

title: NASDAQ-100

text: only rebalanced once a year, in December, when NASDAQ reviews its components, compares them with those not in the index, re-ranks all eligible companies and makes the appropriate adjustments. There are two tools the NASDAQ uses to determine the market values of companies for the annual review: Those components that are in the top 100 of all eligible companies at the annual review are retained in the index. Those ranked 101 to 125 are retained only if they were in the top 100 of the previous year's annual review. If they fail to move into the top 100 in the

title: Pipeline Trading Systems

text: liquidity provider's incentives with those of Pipeline's institutional clients. The crossing system earned high marks for execution quality in third party research, but was shut down in 2012 following the SEC action. Pipeline was founded by Fred Federspiel, a nuclear physicist and complexity scientist, and Alfred Berkeley, a former president and vice chairman of NASDAQ. Following its settlement in 2011, the company rebranded itself in January 2012 and now operates as Aritas Securities LLC. Pipeline Trading Systems Pipeline Trading Systems LLC operated private equities and options trading systems from 2004 to 2012. As an agency broker, it offered equities traders

title: NASDAQ Composite

text: other derivative securities are not included. If at any time a component security no longer meets the above criteria, the security becomes ineligible for inclusion in the Composite Index and is removed. Investing in the NASDAQ Composite Index is currently made accessible through an exchange-traded fund issued by fund manager Fidelity Investments. Introduced on October 1, 2003, the ETF () attempts to match the overall performance of the index. It is not nearly as popular as the "Q's" () which tracks the NASDAQ-100. NASDAQ Composite The NASDAQ Composite (ticker symbol ^IXIC) is a stock market index of the common stocks

title: NASDAQ Dubai

text: Dubai is located in the Dubai International Financial Centre (DIFC), a financial free zone which opened for business in 2004. Financial activities in the DIFC are governed to international standards by an independent regulator, the Dubai Financial Services Authority. NASDAQ Dubai has a licence from the DFSA to operate an exchange. The President of the DIFC is Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum, the UAE Vice President, Prime Minister and Ruler of Dubai. NASDAQ Dubai is regulated by the Dubai Financial Services Authority, this structure falls into a number of different categories: NASDAQ Dubai NASDAQ Dubai is a Dubai-based stock

title: Nasdaq, Inc.

text: been a private company operating out of Sydney, Australia, incorporating the market analysis software of Michael James Aitken. By 2017 SMARTS remained the leading market surveillance software, and was employed by thirteen regulators on forty-five exchanges. NASDAQ OMX sold its stake in the Carpenter Moore D&O Insurance in 2009. Nasdaq, Inc. Nasdaq, Inc. is an American multinational financial services corporation that owns and operates (and is listed on) the NASDAQ stock market and eight European stock exchanges, namely Armenian Stock Exchange, Copenhagen Stock Exchange, Helsinki Stock Exchange, Iceland Stock Exchange, Riga Stock Exchange, Stockholm Stock Exchange, Tallinn Stock Exchange, and

title: Nasdaq, Inc.

text: 2013, NASDAQ OMX announced that it would combine its global data products and index businesses into a unit called Global Information Services, as part of an ongoing effort to broaden its portfolio. On June 29, 2007, NASDAQ entered into an agreement to acquire DirectorsDesk.com, a management suite for boards of directors. GlobeNewswire (previously PrimeNewswire) provides press release, editing and wire services. It was founded in 1998 and acquired by NASDAQ OMX in 2006. On July 27, 2010, NASDAQ OMX Group, Inc. acquired SMARTS Group, the world-leading technology provider of market surveillance solutions to exchanges, regulators and brokers. SMARTS Group had

title: NASDAQ-100

text: financial companies distinguishes it from the S&P 500. The NASDAQ-100 began on January 31, 1985 by the NASDAQ, trying to promote itself in the shadow of the New York Stock Exchange. It did so by creating two separate indices: this index, which consists of Industrial, Technology, Retail, Telecommunication, Biotechnology, Health Care, Transportation, Media and Service companies, and the NASDAQ Financial-100, which consists of banking companies, insurance firms, brokerage houses and mortgage companies. By creating these two indices, the NASDAQ hoped that options and futures contracts would be created on them, and mutual funds would adopt them as their benchmarks. The

title: August 2013 NASDAQ flash freeze

text: of the Nasdaq or the NYSE but are reliant on accurate quotes being issued on stocks listed on either exchange and therefore cannot operate when Nasdaq stocks cannot be traded. Prior to a public statement made by Nasdaq OMX released on the evening of August 22, there was speculation in financial markets as to the cause of the outage. Some media outlets suggested that the outage was caused by a coding error, while others speculated that hacking could have been the cause. The cause of the outage was identified as being a capacity issue with the Nasdaq SIP. A capacity

title: NASDAQ OMX Vilnius

text: As of June 15, 2018, Market capitalization of Vilnius stock exchange equities was 3.9 billion euro, and consist of 30 companies . OMX Vilnius (OMXVGI) is a stock market index for the Nasdaq Vilnius Exchange. NASDAQ OMX Vilnius The Nasdaq Vilnius Stock Exchange ("till 2015 m. – Nasdaq OMX Vilnius") is a stock exchange established in 1993 ("Vilnius Stock Exchange", "VSE") operating in Vilnius, Lithuania. It is owned by Nasdaq Nordic, which also operates Helsinki Stock Exchange and Stockholm Stock Exchange. VSE, together with Riga Stock Exchange and Tallinn Stock Exchange is part of the joint Baltic market that was

title: High-frequency trading

text: amplify price fluctuations. The growing quote traffic compared to trade value could indicate that more firms are trying to profit from cross-market arbitrage techniques that do not add significant value through increased liquidity when measured globally. More fully automated markets such as NASDAQ, Direct Edge, and BATS, in the US, gained market share from less automated markets such as the NYSE. Economies of scale in electronic trading contributed to lowering commissions and trade processing fees, and contributed to international mergers and consolidation of financial exchanges. The speeds of computer connections, measured in milliseconds or microseconds, have become important. Competition is

title: NASDAQ Composite

text: of 4,176.59 on December 31, 2013. On March 2, 2015, the NASDAQ closed above 5,000 for the first time since March 9, 2000. On April 23, 2015, the NASDAQ finally broke through the record of 15 years earlier and set a new high for a daily close, though it was still just short of the all-time intraday high set in 2000. After its first significant correction (greater than 10%) in about four years, the index roared back above 5,000 with a triple-digit gain on October 23, 2015. Two years later, the Nasdaq crossed 7,000 intraday, which was within reach of

title: NASDAQ Dubai

text: times oversubscribed. In the same month, the exchange launched an Islamic financing Murabaha platform. This offers an alternative to many traditional Murabaha solutions, which can carry a risk of losses through price movements, spreads and poor liquidity as well as delays. In June 2014, NASDAQ Dubai had 28 current Sukuk listings with a total nominal value of USD 18.3 billion, which made Dubai (NASDAQ Dubai plus DFM) the third largest venue in the world for Sukuk listings. Products listed on NASDAQ Dubai include ordinary shares listed by DP World. DP World is the largest IPO in the Middle East and

title: Nasdaq, Inc.

text: Bank. The LSE described the offer as "derisory". It then received a bid in March 2006 for £2.4 billion from NASDAQ, which was also rejected by the LSE. NASDAQ later pulled its bid, and less than two weeks later on April 11, 2006, struck a deal with LSE's largest shareholder, Ameriprise Financial's Threadneedle Asset Management unit, to acquire all of that firm's stake, consisting of 35.4 million shares, at £11.75 per share. NASDAQ also purchased 2.69 million additional shares, resulting in a total stake of 15%. While the seller of those shares was undisclosed, it occurred simultaneously with a sale

title: NASDAQ MarketSite

text: Square system and process have been upgraded and changed several times but remain protected by the broad claims and novel uses outlined in the original patent. The current MarketSite facility utilizes a complex system of videowall processors and data feeds to provide broadcasters with a dynamic real-time data background. This system shares nothing with the original Whitehall street iteration of the MarketSite, having been upgraded and redesigned several times due to advances in technology. NASDAQ MarketSite NASDAQ MarketSite (or simply MarketSite) is the commercial marketing presence of the NASDAQ stock market. Located in Times Square in New York City, it

title: NASDAQ MarketSite

text: NASDAQ MarketSite NASDAQ MarketSite (or simply MarketSite) is the commercial marketing presence of the NASDAQ stock market. Located in Times Square in New York City, it occupies the northwest corner of the bottom of 4 Times Square. The exterior wall of the seven-story cylindrical tower is an LED electronic video display that provides market quotes, financial news and advertisements. It was built in 1999 and made its debut on January 1st, 2000. The ground floor of the glass-walled MarketSite contains a television studio. A wall of rear-projection monitors 44 feet (17 m) long by 14 feet (4 m) high display

title: NASDAQ-100

text: (DISCA) (DISCK), Norwegian Cruise Lines, Tractor Supply and Viacom. On July 23, PepsiCo replaced Dish Network. On November 5, NXP Semiconductors replaced CA, who merged with Broadcom. On November 19, Xcel Energy replaced Dentsply Sirona. On December 14, NASDAQ announced that 6 stocks will join the index. They are Advanced Micro Devices, lululemon Athletica, NetApp, United Continental Holdings, Verisign, and Willis Towers Watson. They will replace Express Scripts, Hologic, Qurate Retail Group, Seagate Technology, Shire and Vodafone. NASDAQ-100 The NASDAQ-100 (^NDX) is a stock market index made up of 103 equity securities issued by 100 of the largest non-financial companies

title: Nasdaq Nordic

text: 40, on the same date, however the individual exchanges have also retained their own national benchmark indices. On 25 May 2007, NASDAQ agreed to buy OMX for US$3.7 billion. In August 2007, however, Borse Dubai offered US$4 billion, prompting speculation of a bidding war. On 20 September 2007, Borse Dubai agreed to stop competing to buy OMX in return for a 20% stake and 5 percent of votes in NASDAQ as well as NASDAQ's then 28% stake in the London Stock Exchange. In a complex transaction, Borse Dubai acquired 97.2% of OMX's outstanding shares before selling them on to NASDAQ.

title: NASDAQ futures

text: In the United States broad-based index futures receive special tax treatment under the IRS 60/40 rule. Stocks held longer than one year qualify for favorable capital gains tax treatment, while stocks held one year or less are taxed at ordinary income. However, proceeds from index futures contracts traded in the short term are taxed 60 percent at the favorable capital gains rate, and only 40 percent as ordinary income. Also, losses on NASDAQ futures can be carried back up to 3 years, and tax reporting is significantly simpler, as they qualify as Section 1256 Contracts. NASDAQ futures NASDAQ futures are

title: When Do We Start Fighting...

text: When Do We Start Fighting... When Do We Start Fighting... is an album by British band Seafood, released in July 2001. The track "What May Be The Oldest" originally featured on the b-side of the "Led By Bison" single from Seafood's previous album "Surviving the Quiet". The re-recorded version on "When Do We Start Fighting..." features vocals from former Madder Rose singer Mary Lorson. All songs written by Seafood. The track listing as given on the album's sleeve lists track 1 as "Cloaking", track 2 as "Western Battle" etc. omitting to mention that the album actually starts with "Intro". On

title: High-frequency trading

text: ) for a small amount of time (5 milliseconds). This order type was available to all participants but since HFT's adapted to the changes in market structure more quickly than others, they were able to use it to "jump the queue" and place their orders before other order types were allowed to trade at the given price. Currently, the majority of exchanges do not offer flash trading, or have discontinued it. By March 2011, the NASDAQ, BATS, and Direct Edge exchanges had all ceased offering its Competition for Price Improvement functionality (widely referred to as "flash technology/trading"). On September 24,

title: High-frequency trading

text: be too narrowly focused and myopic." The Chicago Federal Reserve letter of October 2012, titled "How to keep markets safe in an era of high-speed trading", reports on the results of a survey of several dozen financial industry professionals including traders, brokers, and exchanges. It found that The CFA Institute, a global association of investment professionals, advocated for reforms regarding high-frequency trading, including: Exchanges offered a type of order called a "Flash" order (on NASDAQ, it was called "Bolt" on the Bats stock exchange) that allowed an order to lock the market (post at the same price as an order

title: High-frequency trading

text: to wide adoption of direct market access. As pointed out by empirical studies this renewed competition among liquidity providers causes reduced effective market spreads, and therefore reduced indirect costs for final investors." A crucial distinction is that true market makers don't exit the market at their discretion and are committed not to, where HFT firms are under no similar commitment. Some high-frequency trading firms use market making as their primary strategy. Automated Trading Desk (ATD), which was bought by Citigroup in July 2007, has been an active market maker, accounting for about 6% of total volume on both the NASDAQ

title: Multilateral trading facility

text: traders to make use of more sophisticated trading strategies such as "smart order routing". The new MTFs were notable for: These all made the new venues highly attractive and to take market share. In turn, existing venues were forced to discount heavily, significantly impacting revenues. Although they have forced significant adjustments within the equity trading markets, the MTFs themselves have had limited success. Chi-X Europe claims to be profitable, however Nasdaq OMX Europe was shut down in 2010 and Turquoise was bought by the LSE. Many consider the MTF business model unsustainable, although Alisdair Haynes, the Chi-X Europe CEO, said

title: Tallinn Stock Exchange

text: List of Nasdaq Tallinn: Nasdaq First North is a multilateral trading facility (MTF), also known as alternative market. It does not have the legal status as an EU-regulated market. Companies at First North are subject to the rules of First North and not the legal requirements for admission to trading on a regulated market. As of August 2015, there was one company on the alternative market First North: Tallinn Stock Exchange The Nasdaq Tallinn Stock Exchange is a stock exchange operating in Tallinn, Estonia. Nasdaq Tallinn is the only regulated secondary securities market in Estonia. The major stock market index

title: August 2013 NASDAQ flash freeze

text: prior. Brokerage firms that generate income through the execution of customer orders as well as proprietary trading firms were exposed to potential income loss during the freeze. Particularly given that many significant stocks such as Apple, Facebook, Google and Amazon are listed on the Nasdaq, the shut down caused substantial interruptions to financial firms. It was suggested by some media outlets that the decision of Twitter to hold their Initial Public Offering (IPO) on the NYSE was partially a result of the flash freeze. The issues with the Facebook IPO were also credited as a cause for this decision. August

title: August 2013 NASDAQ flash freeze

text: number of media outlets considered the potential for targeted cyber attacks on significant trading platforms. It was pointed out by many that increased frequency of technical glitches in financial markets would decrease trader confidence, which could lead to dramatic market sell offs. While this was not the case for the August 2013 flash freeze, other technical glitches such as in September of 2013, and again October 2013 can create trends. The structure of the industry was considered a contributing factor in the crash, given that miscommunication between NYSE and Nasdaq systems was the primary cause. Some journalists and financial commentators

title: August 2013 NASDAQ flash freeze

text: at the reopening of the market would serve to damage investor confidence, and could lead to more substantial declines in the Nasdaq composite's value. Some finance industry commentators and participants suggested that the lack of severe market downturns following the freeze suggested that investors were becoming more understandable of the technical issues associated with increasingly automated trading platforms. Ryan Detrick, a strategist with Schaeffer's Investment Research said of the matter: “The fact we didn’t see a larger dip on today’s mess shows most investors are, for better or worse, becoming more comfortable with these mistakes.” However, other commentators highlighted the