query: who was niccolo machiavelli influenced by?

title: Niccolò Machiavelli

text: of Socrates more known as an historian, rhetorician and soldier, was a major source of Socratic ideas for Machiavelli, sometimes not in line with Aristotle. While interest in Plato was increasing in Florence during Machiavelli's lifetime, Machiavelli does not show particular interest in him, but was indirectly influenced by his readings of authors such as Polybius, Plutarch and Cicero. The major difference between Machiavelli and the Socratics, according to Strauss, is Machiavelli's materialism, and therefore his rejection of both a teleological view of nature and of the view that philosophy is higher than politics. With their teleological understanding of things,

title: Niccolò Machiavelli

text: Erasmus. One of the major innovations Gilbert noted was that Machiavelli focused upon the "deliberate purpose of dealing with a new ruler who will need to establish himself in defiance of custom". Normally, these types of works were addressed only to hereditary princes. (Xenophon is also an exception in this regard.) 2. Classical republicanism. Commentators such as Quentin Skinner and J.G.A. Pocock, in the so-called "Cambridge School" of interpretation, have been able to show that some of the republican themes in Machiavelli's political works, particularly the "Discourses on Livy", can be found in medieval Italian literature which was influenced by

title: Niccolò Machiavelli

text: account of Leonardo da Vinci's early life—Eros Vlahos plays a young Niccolò "Nico" Machiavelli, although the character's full name is not revealed until the finale of the second season. The 1967 "The Time Tunnel" episode "The Death Merchant" stars famed character actor Malachi Throne as Niccolò Machiavelli, who has been time-displaced to the Battle of Gettysburg. The character's personality and behaviour seem to portray Cesare Borgia rather than Machiavelli himself, suggesting that the writers may have confused the two. Machiavelli is played by Damian Lewis in the 2013 BBC radio play "The Prince" written by Jonathan Myerson. Together with his

title: Niccolò Machiavelli

text: than just bring back old ideas and that Machiavelli was not a typical humanist. argues that the way Machiavelli combines classical ideas is new. While Xenophon and Plato also described realistic politics and were closer to Machiavelli than Aristotle was, they, like Aristotle, also saw Philosophy as something higher than politics. Machiavelli was apparently a materialist who objected to explanations involving formal and final causation, or teleology. Machiavelli's promotion of ambition among leaders while denying any higher standard meant that he encouraged risk-taking, and innovation, most famously the founding of new modes and orders. His advice to princes was therefore

title: Niccolò Machiavelli

text: classical authors such as Sallust. 3. Classical political philosophy: Xenophon, Plato and Aristotle. The Socratic school of classical political philosophy, especially Aristotle, had become a major influence upon European political thinking in the late Middle Ages. It existed both in the Catholicised form presented by Thomas Aquinas, and in the more controversial "Averroist" form of authors like Marsilius of Padua. Machiavelli was critical of Catholic political thinking and may have been influenced by Averroism. But he cites Plato and Aristotle very infrequently and apparently did not approve of them. Leo Strauss argued that the strong influence of Xenophon, a student

title: Niccolò Machiavelli

text: the riskier ventures of war. These authors tended to cite Tacitus as their source for realist political advice, rather than Machiavelli, and this pretense came to be known as "Tacitism". "Black tacitism" was in support of princely rule, but "red tacitism" arguing the case for republics, more in the original spirit of Machiavelli himself, became increasingly important. Modern materialist philosophy developed in the 16th, 17th and 18th centuries, starting in the generations after Machiavelli. This philosophy tended to be republican, more in the original spirit of Machiavellian, but as with the Catholic authors Machiavelli's realism and encouragement of using innovation

title: Niccolò Machiavelli

text: classical precedents, which Machiavelli was not the only one to promote in his time, Machiavelli's realism and willingness to argue that good ends justify bad things, is seen as a critical stimulus towards some of the most important theories of modern politics. Firstly, particularly in the "Discourses on Livy," Machiavelli is unusual in the positive side he sometimes seems to describe in factionalism in republics. For example, quite early in the "Discourses," (in Book I, chapter 4), a chapter title announces that "the disunion" of the plebs and senate in Rome ""kept Rome free."" That a community has different components

title: Niccolò Machiavelli

text: ruler. Machiavelli has become infamous for such political advice, ensuring that he would be remembered in history through the adjective, "Machiavellian". Notwithstanding some mitigating themes, the Catholic Church banned "The Prince", putting it on the "Index Librorum Prohibitorum". Humanists also viewed the book negatively, including Erasmus of Rotterdam. As a treatise, its primary intellectual contribution to the history of political thought is the fundamental break between political realism and political idealism, due to it being a manual on acquiring and keeping political power. In contrast with Plato and Aristotle, Machiavelli insisted that an imaginary ideal society is not a model

title: The Golden Ass (Machiavelli)

text: Gryllus of Plutarch's "Moralia", does not want to be changed back and condemns human greed, cruelty and conceit. The Golden Ass (Machiavelli) L'asino (also called L'asino d'oro; English: The Golden Ass) was an unfinished satirical poem of eight chapters written by the Italian political scientist and writer Niccolò Machiavelli in 1517. A modernized version of Apuleius' "The Golden Ass" (rather than a translation of it), it is written in terza rima. It also concerns the theme of metamorphosis, and contains grotesque and allegorical episodes. In the poem, the author meets a beautiful herdswoman surrounded by Circe's herd of beasts (Canto

title: Niccolò Machiavelli

text: irony. Other interpretations include for example that of Antonio Gramsci, who argued that Machiavelli's audience for this work was not even the ruling class but the common people because the rulers already knew these methods through their education. The "Discourses on the First Ten Books of Titus Livy", published in 1531, written 1517, often referred to simply as the "Discourses" or "Discorsi", is nominally a discussion regarding the classical history of early Ancient Rome although it strays very far from this subject matter and also uses contemporary political examples to illustrate points. Machiavelli presents it as a series of lessons

title: Niccolò Machiavelli

text: of liberty." Benjamin Franklin, James Madison and Thomas Jefferson followed Machiavelli's republicanism when they opposed what they saw as the emerging aristocracy that they feared Alexander Hamilton was creating with the Federalist Party. Hamilton learned from Machiavelli about the importance of foreign policy for domestic policy, but may have broken from him regarding how rapacious a republic needed to be in order to survive George Washington was less influenced by Machiavelli. The Founding Father who perhaps most studied and valued Machiavelli as a political philosopher was John Adams, who profusely commented on the Italian's thought in his work, "A Defence

title: Niccolò Machiavelli

text: Socratics argued that desirable things tend to happen by nature, as if nature desired them, but Machiavelli claimed that such things happen by blind chance or human action. 4. Classical materialism. Strauss argued that Machiavelli may have seen himself as influenced by some ideas from classical materialists such as Democritus, Epicurus and Lucretius. Strauss however sees this also as a sign of major innovation in Machiavelli, because classical materialists did not share the Socratic regard for political life, while Machiavelli clearly did. 5. Thucydides. Some scholars note the similarity between Machiavelli and the Greek historian Thucydides, since both emphasized power

title: Niccolò Machiavelli

text: of highly by Thomas Cromwell in England and had influenced Henry VIII in his turn towards Protestantism, and in his tactics, for example during the Pilgrimage of Grace. A copy was also possessed by the Catholic king and emperor Charles V. In France, after an initially mixed reaction, Machiavelli came to be associated with Catherine de' Medici and the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre. As reports, in the 16th century, Catholic writers "associated Machiavelli with the Protestants, whereas Protestant authors saw him as Italian and Catholic". In fact, he was apparently influencing both Catholic and Protestant kings. One of the most

title: Niccolo d'Ardia Caracciolo

text: in a road accident in 1989 and was buried at Bunclody, County Wexford. The Don Niccolo d'Ardia Caracciolo RHA Medal is awarded in his memory. Niccolo d'Ardia Caracciolo Niccolo d'Ardia Caracciolo (1941 – 1989), known as Niccolo Caracciolo, was an Irish painter. Born in Dublin, he was the only son of Ferdinando Caracciolo, Prince of Cursi, a member of an old Italian family originally from Naples. His mother was a Fitzgerald of the Island, near Waterford, now Waterford Castle, where he was reared. After being educated in England, at The Oratory School, he went to Florence at the age of

title: Nicoletta Machiavelli

text: Nicoletta Machiavelli Nicoletta Machiavelli (1 August 1944 – 15 November 2015), also known as Nicoletta Rangoni Machiavelli and Nicoletta Macchiavelli, was an Italian film actress. The daughter of a Florentine father and of an American mother, Machiavelli was a descendant of the philosopher and author Niccolò Machiavelli. She studied painting at the Accademia di Belle Arti di Firenze. Following an audition for the role of Eva in John Huston's "", she was noted by the producer Dino De Laurentiis who put her under contract for seven years, a contract she eventually broke after three years. Her first role was Ugo

title: Niccolò Machiavelli

text: only one month after Savonarola's execution. Major characters include Lorenzo de' Medici, his son Piero, Michelangelo, Sandro Botticelli, Pico della Mirandola, Marsilio Ficino, Pope Alexander VI (Rodrigo Borgia), Cesare Borgia (model for The Prince), Piero and Tommaso Soderini, Il Cronaca and the diarist, Luca Landucci. The American rapper Tupac Shakur studied Machiavelli while in prison and became greatly influenced by his work. Upon his release from prison, Tupac honored Machiavelli in 1996 by changing his own rap name from 2Pac to Makaveli. In the 1993 crime drama "A Bronx Tale", local mob boss Sonny tells his young protege Calogero that

title: Nicoletta Machiavelli

text: on November 15, 2015, aged 71. Nicoletta Machiavelli Nicoletta Machiavelli (1 August 1944 – 15 November 2015), also known as Nicoletta Rangoni Machiavelli and Nicoletta Macchiavelli, was an Italian film actress. The daughter of a Florentine father and of an American mother, Machiavelli was a descendant of the philosopher and author Niccolò Machiavelli. She studied painting at the Accademia di Belle Arti di Firenze. Following an audition for the role of Eva in John Huston's "", she was noted by the producer Dino De Laurentiis who put her under contract for seven years, a contract she eventually broke after three

title: Niccolò Machiavelli

text: only admitting that vice exists but being willing to risk encouraging it, is a critical step on the path to this insight. Mansfield however argues that Machiavelli's own aims have not been shared by those he influenced. Machiavelli argued against seeing mere peace and economic growth as worthy aims on their own, if they would lead to what Mansfield calls the "taming of the prince." Machiavelli is most famous for a short political treatise, "The Prince", written in 1513 but not published until 1532, five years after his death. Although he privately circulated "The Prince" among friends, the only theoretical

title: Niccolo Cosme

text: different realities of HIV/AIDS in the Philippines. Niccolo Cosme Niccolo Cosme He was part of Season 3, an interactive reality based singing contest which was produced by Fremantle Media and Simon Cowel which also produced the original version in the United States. The Philippine edition was broadcast in GMA 7 An outspoken LGBT activist he hosted the "I Am Not Immoral" photo exhibition to protest against the exclusion of the LGBT "Ang Ladlad" list from elections in 2010. Cosme is also an HIV/AIDS awareness advocate; he started The Red Whistle campaign in 2011 to raise awareness and understanding of HIV/AIDS

title: Niccolo Cosme

text: Niccolo Cosme Niccolo Cosme He was part of Season 3, an interactive reality based singing contest which was produced by Fremantle Media and Simon Cowel which also produced the original version in the United States. The Philippine edition was broadcast in GMA 7 An outspoken LGBT activist he hosted the "I Am Not Immoral" photo exhibition to protest against the exclusion of the LGBT "Ang Ladlad" list from elections in 2010. Cosme is also an HIV/AIDS awareness advocate; he started The Red Whistle campaign in 2011 to raise awareness and understanding of HIV/AIDS in the Philippines. His interest in Christian

title: Niccolo d'Ardia Caracciolo

text: Niccolo d'Ardia Caracciolo Niccolo d'Ardia Caracciolo (1941 – 1989), known as Niccolo Caracciolo, was an Irish painter. Born in Dublin, he was the only son of Ferdinando Caracciolo, Prince of Cursi, a member of an old Italian family originally from Naples. His mother was a Fitzgerald of the Island, near Waterford, now Waterford Castle, where he was reared. After being educated in England, at The Oratory School, he went to Florence at the age of nineteen to study art and continued to keep a base there for much of the rest of his life, travelling back and forth to Ireland.

title: The Dialogue in Hell Between Machiavelli and Montesquieu

text: piece uses the literary device of a dialogue of the dead, invented by ancient Roman writer Lucian and introduced into the French belles-lettres by Bernard de Fontenelle in the 18th century. Shadows of the historical characters of Niccolo Machiavelli and Charles Montesquieu meet in Hell in the year 1864 and dispute on politics. In this way Joly tried to cover up a direct, and then illegal, criticism of Louis-Napoleon's rule. Joly relates in his 1870 autobiography that one evening thinking of economist Abbé Galiani's treatise "Dialogues sur le commerce des bleds" (""Dialogues on the commerce in wheat"") and walking by

title: Andria (Machiavelli)

text: and translation, Machiavelli and theatre, and, last but not least, Machiavelli's understanding of the phenomenology of the political sphere. This production is a watershed event for the English-speaking world". Andria (Machiavelli) Andria is the first play written by Niccolò Machiavelli, published in the period 1517-1520. It is a translation of a play written by the Latin comedy writer Terence, who had originally taken it from the Greek dramatist Menander. It is one of the examples of Machiavelli as a comedy writer, along with "The Mandrake" and the "Clizia". The play has been considered by some scholars semi-autobiographical. The story is

title: Andria (Machiavelli)

text: Andria (Machiavelli) Andria is the first play written by Niccolò Machiavelli, published in the period 1517-1520. It is a translation of a play written by the Latin comedy writer Terence, who had originally taken it from the Greek dramatist Menander. It is one of the examples of Machiavelli as a comedy writer, along with "The Mandrake" and the "Clizia". The play has been considered by some scholars semi-autobiographical. The story is about an old man, Simone, who wants his son, Panfilo, to marry Filumena, the daughter of his neighbour Cremete. Panfilo has, however, a secret love affair with Glicerio, a

title: The New Machiavelli

text: The New Machiavelli The New Machiavelli is a 1911 novel by H. G. Wells that was serialised in "The English Review" in 1910. Because its plot notoriously derived from Wells's affair with Amber Reeves and satirised Beatrice and Sidney Webb, it was "the literary scandal of its day". "The New Machiavelli" purports to be written in the first person by its protagonist, Richard "Dick" Remington, who has a lifelong passion for "statecraft" and who dreams of recasting the social and political form of the English nation. Remington is a brilliant student at Cambridge, writes several books on political themes, marries

title: Machiavelli and the Four Seasons

text: time. The group abandoned work on the album and started recording new demos in a techno-influenced alternative dance style after returning from the Big Day Out. Three months later, their demos were wiped by a computer virus. "UOY Sevol Natas" was played live in Sydney in 1994. During this time, TISM would play under the names "The Frank Vitkovic Jazz Quartet", "Machiavelli and the Four Seasons" and "Late for Breakfast", playing the new alternative dance songs they had written. In September 1994, the group recorded "Machiavelli and the Four Seasons" at Platinum Studios. The final track list included "Jung Talent

title: Niccolò Machiavelli

text: continually changed, featuring condottieri (mercenary leaders), who changed sides without warning, and the rise and fall of many short-lived governments. Machiavelli was taught grammar, rhetoric, and Latin. It is thought that he did not learn Greek even though Florence was at the time one of the centers of Greek scholarship in Europe. In 1494 Florence restored the republic, expelling the Medici family that had ruled Florence for some sixty years. Shortly after the execution of Savonarola, Machiavelli was appointed to an office of the second chancery, a medieval writing office that put Machiavelli in charge of the production of official

title: Niccolò Machiavelli

text: made the word "Machiavellian" a byword for deceit, despotism, and political manipulation. Even if Machiavelli was not himself evil, Leo Strauss declared himself inclined toward the traditional view that Machiavelli was self-consciously a "teacher of evil," since he counsels the princes to avoid the values of justice, mercy, temperance, wisdom, and love of their people in preference to the use of cruelty, violence, fear, and deception. Italian anti-fascist philosopher Benedetto Croce (1925) concludes Machiavelli is simply a "realist" or "pragmatist" who accurately states that moral values in reality do not greatly affect the decisions that political leaders make. German philosopher

title: Niccolò Machiavelli

text: important early works dedicated to criticism of Machiavelli, especially "The Prince", was that of the Huguenot, Innocent Gentillet, whose work commonly referred to as "Discourse against Machiavelli" or "Anti Machiavel" was published in Geneva in 1576. He accused Machiavelli of being an atheist and accused politicians of his time by saying that his works were the "Koran of the courtiers", that "he is of no reputation in the court of France which hath not Machiavel's writings at the fingers ends". Another theme of Gentillet was more in the spirit of Machiavelli himself: he questioned the effectiveness of immoral strategies (just

title: Niccolò Machiavelli

text: politics. Strauss argued that Machiavelli may indeed have been influenced by pre-Socratic philosophers, but he felt it was a new combination:- ...contemporary readers are reminded by Machiavelli's teaching of Thucydides; they find in both authors the same "realism," i.e., the same denial of the power of the gods or of justice and the same sensitivity to harsh necessity and elusive chance. Yet Thucydides never calls in question the intrinsic superiority of nobility to baseness, a superiority that shines forth particularly when the noble is destroyed by the base. Therefore Thucydides' History arouses in the reader a sadness which is never

title: Niccolò Machiavelli

text: Their relative importance is however a subject of on-going discussion. It is possible to summarize some of the main influences emphasized by different commentators. 1. The Mirror of Princes genre. summarized the similarities between "The Prince" and the genre it obviously imitates, the so-called "Mirror of Princes" style. This was a classically influenced genre, with models at least as far back as Xenophon and Isocrates. While Gilbert emphasized the similarities, however, he agreed with all other commentators that Machiavelli was particularly novel in the way he used this genre, even when compared to his contemporaries such as Baldassare Castiglione and

title: Niccolò Machiavelli

text: aroused by Machiavelli's books. In Machiavelli we find comedies, parodies, and satires but nothing reminding of tragedy. One half of humanity remains outside of his thought. There is no tragedy in Machiavelli because he has no sense of the sacredness of "the common." — Amongst commentators, there are a few consistently made proposals concerning what was most new in Machiavelli's work. Machiavelli is sometimes seen as the prototype of a modern empirical scientist, building generalizations from experience and historical facts, and emphasizing the uselessness of theorizing with the imagination. Machiavelli felt that his early schooling along the lines of a

title: Mayberry Machiavelli

text: senior staffers who reduced every issue to a simplistic black and white, us vs them narrative. The phrase invokes the infamous Machiavellian-style power politics coupled with the simplistic mindset of rural small town, as exemplified by the fictional town of Mayberry in the television shows "The Andy Griffith Show" and "Mayberry R.F.D.", which ran on the American television network, CBS, from 1960 to 1971. Mayberry Machiavelli Mayberry Machiavelli is a satirically pejorative phrase coined by John J. DiIulio Jr., a former George W. Bush administration staffer who ran the President's Faith-Based Initiative. After DiIulio resigned from his White House post

title: Then and Now (novel)

text: Then and Now (novel) Then and Now is a historical novel by W. Somerset Maugham. Set mainly in Imola, Italy, but also in other Italian cities, including Machiavelli's hometown Florence during the Renaissance, the story focuses on three months in the life of Niccolo Machiavelli, the Florentine politician, diplomat, philosopher and writer in the early years of the 16th century. The book was first published by Heinemann in 1946. It recollects Machiavelli's encounter with Cesare Borgia, who was the model on which Machiavelli based his Il Principe. Against that background, a love farce unfolds, in which Machiavelli tries to seduce

title: Machiavelli: The Prince

text: Machiavelli: The Prince Machiavelli: The Prince is video game released in 1995, and the second release in the "Merchant Prince" video game series. "Machiavelli" was initially received more tepidly by critics. David Cook complained that ""Machiavelli" quickly becomes a game of doing the same old thing over and over" and that "for a game that touts its historical basis... it just doesn't mine the richness of their period". Jay & Dee gave it 3 of 5 stars. It has subsequently earned praise compared to other turn-based strategy games, including by professors of history. By 2009, Troy Goodfellow was enthusing, ""Merchant

title: Niccolò Machiavelli

text: produced thirteen Florentine Gonfalonieres of Justice, one of the offices of a group of nine citizens selected by drawing lots every two months and who formed the government, or Signoria; but he was never a full citizen of Florence because of the nature of Florentine citizenship in that time even under the republican regime. Machiavelli married Marietta Corsini in 1502. Machiavelli was born in a tumultuous era in which popes waged acquisitive wars against Italian city-states, and people and cities often fell from power as France, Spain, and the Holy Roman Empire battled for regional influence and control. Political-military alliances

title: House of Machiavelli

text: inherited by the noble florentine family Serristori. In the last years the house is rather owned by the Gruppo Italiano Vini which has made the house one of its most prestigious vineyard. Today is possible to visit the house, its wine cellar, and via an underground path it is possible to visit the tavern already described by Machiavelli. House of Machiavelli The house of Machiavelli (), also referred to as L'Albergaccio (, literally "The Bad Hotel"), was the place where Niccolò Machiavelli lived during his exile from Florence. This is located in Sant'Andrea in Percussina in San Casciano in Val

title: Niccolò Machiavelli

text: realpolitik. On the other hand, many commentators, such as Baruch Spinoza, Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Denis Diderot, have argued that Machiavelli was actually a republican, even when writing "The Prince", and his writings were an inspiration to Enlightenment proponents of modern democratic political philosophy. In one place, for example, he noted his admiration for the selfless Roman dictator Cincinnatus. Machiavelli was born in Florence, Italy, the third child and first son of attorney Bernardo di Niccolò Machiavelli and his wife, Bartolomea di Stefano Nelli. The Machiavelli family is believed to be descended from the old marquesses of Tuscany and to have

title: Niccolò Machiavelli

text: Machiavelli believed that public and private morality had to be understood as two different things in order to rule well. As a result, a ruler must be concerned not only with reputation, but also must be positively willing to act immorally at the right times. Machiavelli believed as a ruler, it was better to be widely feared than to be greatly loved; A loved ruler retains authority by obligation while a feared leader rules by fear of punishment. As a political theorist, Machiavelli emphasized the occasional need for the methodical exercise of brute force or deceit including extermination of entire

title: Santi Niccolo e Lucia, Siena

text: (1606) painted by Francesco Vanni. Flanking the altar are polychrome wooden statues from the Quattrocento depicting the titular saints. The Lucy is attributed to Giacomo Cozzarelli, while the Niccolo is from the school of Giovanni di Stefano. On the left wall, is a "Crucifixion" by the son of Ventura Salimbeni, Simondio Salimbeni. One of the side altars has stuccoes by Giuseppe Silini, with formerly a fresco by Simone Martini taken from Porta Camollia. Santi Niccolo e Lucia, Siena Santi Niccolò e Lucia, also known only as Santa Lucia, is a Roman Catholic church located in Pian dei Mantellini, in the

title: Machiavelli and the Four Seasons

text: "Machiavelli and the Four Seasons", two track lists occur in the same vein as the original release. Machiavelli and the Four Seasons Machiavelli and the Four Seasons is a 1995 album by the Australian rock group TISM (This Is Serious Mum). It is TISM's most famous release and the one with which they received the most critical success and fame. The album was certified Gold by the ARIA Awards and won the ARIA Award for Best Independent Release. The award was accepted in person by Les Murray, the subject of the song "What Nationality is Les Murray?"', who read a

title: Niccolò Machiavelli

text: to the court of Louis XII and the Spanish court influenced his writings such as "The Prince". Between 1503 and 1506, Machiavelli was responsible for the Florentine militia. He distrusted mercenaries (a distrust that he explained in his official reports and then later in his theoretical works for their unpatriotic and uninvested nature in the war that makes their allegiance fickle and often too unreliable when most needed) and instead staffed his army with citizens, a policy that was to be repeatedly successful. Under his command, Florentine citizen-soldiers defeated Pisa in 1509. However, Machiavelli's success did not last. In August

title: Niccolò Machiavelli

text: while he was doing a 10-year sentence in jail, he passed the time and stayed out of trouble by reading Machiavelli, whom he describes as "a famous writer from 500 years ago"—and then tells him how Machiavelli's philosophy, including his famous advice about how it is preferable for a leader to be feared rather than loved if he cannot be both—have made him a successful mob boss. Niccolò Machiavelli Niccolò di Bernardo dei Machiavelli (, ; 3 May 1469 – 21 June 1527) was an Italian diplomat, politician, historian, philosopher, humanist, writer, playwright and poet of the Renaissance period. He

title: Niccolò Machiavelli

text: of the Constitutions of Government of the United States of America". In this work, John Adams praised Machiavelli, with Algernon Sidney and Montesquieu, as a philosophic defender of mixed government. For Adams, Machiavelli restored empirical reason to politics, while his analysis of factions was commendable. Adams likewise agreed with the Florentine that human nature was immutable and driven by passions. He also accepted Machiavelli's belief that all societies were subject to cyclical periods of growth and decay. For Adams, Machiavelli lacked only a clear understanding of the institutions necessary for good government. The 20th-century Italian Communist Antonio Gramsci drew great

title: House of Machiavelli

text: House of Machiavelli The house of Machiavelli (), also referred to as L'Albergaccio (, literally "The Bad Hotel"), was the place where Niccolò Machiavelli lived during his exile from Florence. This is located in Sant'Andrea in Percussina in San Casciano in Val di Pesa, in the province of Florence, Tuscany, Italy Niccolò Machiavelli (1469 - 1527) was secretary to the Second Chancery of the Republic of Florence from 1498 to 1512, when the Medici were out of power, and he is considered the founder of Political Sciences. Machiavelli lived in this house when he was exiled from Florence when the

title: Mayberry Machiavelli

text: Mayberry Machiavelli Mayberry Machiavelli is a satirically pejorative phrase coined by John J. DiIulio Jr., a former George W. Bush administration staffer who ran the President's Faith-Based Initiative. After DiIulio resigned from his White House post in late 2001, journalist Ron Suskind quoted him in an "Esquire" magazine article describing the administration of the Bush White House as follows: "What you've got is everything—and I mean everything—being run by the political arm. It's the reign of the Mayberry Machiavellis." In a 2002 letter to Suskind (but not published until 2007), DiIulio wrote that the "Mayberry Machiavellis" were the junior and

title: Machiavelli: The Prince

text: as "undoubtedly one of the best—if not THE best—medieval strategy games ever released". "Next Generation" reviewed the game, rating it three stars out of five, and stated that "there's more than enough here to keep strategy fans happy." Machiavelli: The Prince Machiavelli: The Prince is video game released in 1995, and the second release in the "Merchant Prince" video game series. "Machiavelli" was initially received more tepidly by critics. David Cook complained that ""Machiavelli" quickly becomes a game of doing the same old thing over and over" and that "for a game that touts its historical basis... it just doesn't

title: Niccolò Machiavelli

text: of writing to his superiors generally, there was very likely some animosity to Machiavelli even before the return of the Medici. Christopher Marlowe's play "The Jew of Malta" (ca. 1589) contains a prologue by a character called Machiavel, a Senecan ghost based on Machiavelli. Machiavel expresses the cynical view that power is amoral, saying "I count religion but a childish toy,/And hold there is no sin but ignorance." Niccolò Machiavelli plays a vital role in the young adult book series "The Secrets of the Immortal Nicholas Flamel". He is an immortal working in national security for the French government. Niccolò

title: Niccolò Machiavelli

text: noble families to head off any chance of a challenge to the prince's authority. Scholars often note that Machiavelli glorifies instrumentality in state building, an approach embodied by the saying "The ends justify the means." This quote has been disputed and may not come from Niccolò Machiavelli or his writings. Violence may be necessary for the successful stabilisation of power and introduction of new legal institutions. Force may be used to eliminate political rivals, to coerce resistant populations, and to purge the community of other men strong enough of a character to rule, who will inevitably attempt to replace the

title: Andria (Machiavelli)

text: was Cremete's daughter, who was thought to have died in a shipwreck during a travel to the island of Andros. In the end there are two weddings: Panfilo marries Glicerio, and Carino, a friend of his, marries Filumena. The "Andria" remained untranslated for the English stage until a limited run of Michael Knowles' translation, "The Girl from Andros", was produced at Yale University in April 2012. At the time of production, Machiavelli scholar Angela Capodivacca observed: "The new translation and performance of the "Andria" is hopefully going to open new ways of inquiry and thinking about the relationship between Machiavelli

title: Niccolò Machiavelli

text: of the main characters in "The Enchantress of Florence" (2008) by Salman Rushdie, mostly referred to as "Niccolò 'il Macchia", and the central protagonist in the 2012 novel "The Malice of Fortune" by Michael Ennis. Television dramas centering on the early Renaissance have also made use of Machiavelli to underscore his influence in early modern political philosophy. Machiavelli has been featured as a supporting character in "The Tudors" (2007–2010), Borgia (2011–2014) and "The Borgias" (2011–2013). Machiavelli appears in the popular historical video games "Assassin's Creed II" (2009) and "" (2010), in which he is portrayed as a member of the

title: Niccolò Machiavelli

text: Machiavelli aids Cesare Borgia and protagonist Nicholas Dawson in their dangerous intrigues in Cecelia Holland's 1979 historical novel "City of God". David Maclaine writes that in the novel, Machiavelli "is an off-stage presence whose spirit permeates this work of intrigue and betrayal ... It is a brilliant introduction to the people and events that gave us the word 'Machiavellian.'" Machiavelli appears as an Immortal adversary of Duncan MacLeod in Nancy Holder's 1997 "Highlander" novel "The Measure of a Man", and is a character in Michael Scott's novel series "The Secrets of the Immortal Nicholas Flamel" (2007–2012). Machiavelli is also one

title: Niccolò Machiavelli

text: even arguing that this extends to all of Machiavelli's works including his comedies and letters. Commentators such as Leo Strauss have gone so far as to name Machiavelli as the deliberate originator of modernity itself. Others have argued that Machiavelli is only a particularly interesting example of trends which were happening around him. In any case Machiavelli presented himself at various times as someone reminding Italians of the old virtues of the Romans and Greeks, and other times as someone promoting a completely new approach to politics. That Machiavelli had a wide range of influences is in itself not controversial.

title: Machiavelli (board game)

text: Machiavelli (board game) Machiavelli is a strategic board game created by S. Craig Taylor and James B. Wood, and released commercially in 1977 by Battleline Publications, later taken over in 1980 by Avalon Hill, who are currently owned by Hasbro. Set in Renaissance Italy, the board is controlled by the Republic of Florence, the Republic of Venice, the Duchy of Milan, the Kingdom of Naples, the Papacy, Valois France, Habsburg Austria, and the Ottoman Turks. The game shares most of the basic rules of its predecessor "Diplomacy", and introduces many new rules such as money, bribery, three seasons per year,

title: Niccolò Machiavelli

text: as Machiavelli had himself done, despite also explaining how they could sometimes work). This became the theme of much future political discourse in Europe during the 17th century. This includes the Catholic Counter Reformation writers summarised by Bireley: Giovanni Botero, Justus Lipsius, Carlo Scribani, Adam Contzen, Pedro de Ribadeneira, and Diego Saavedra Fajardo. These authors criticized Machiavelli, but also followed him in many ways. They accepted the need for a prince to be concerned with reputation, and even a need for cunning and deceit, but compared to Machiavelli, and like later modernist writers, they emphasized economic progress much more than

title: Niccolò Machiavelli

text: traditional classical education was essentially useless for the purpose of understanding politics. Nevertheless, he advocated intensive study of the past, particularly regarding the founding of a city, which he felt was a key to understanding its later development. Moreover, he studied the way people lived and aimed to inform leaders how they should rule and even how they themselves should live. For example, Machiavelli denies that living virtuously necessarily leads to happiness. And Machiavelli viewed misery as "one of the vices that enables a prince to rule." Machiavelli stated that "it would be best to be both loved and feared.

title: Bernardo di Niccolò Machiavelli

text: Bernardo Machiavelli was married to Bartolommea di Stefano Nelli. They had four children, Primavera, Margherita, Niccolò (the author of "The Prince") and Totto. Catherine Atkinson: "Debts, dowries, donkeys. The diary of Niccolò Machiavelli’s father, messer Bernardo, in Quattrocento Florence", Frankfurt a. M. 2002, Cesare Olschki, Hrsg.: "Bernardo Machiavelli, Libro di Ricordi", Florenz 1954. Bernardo di Niccolò Machiavelli Bernardo di Niccolò Machiavelli (between 1426 and 1429 – 1500) was a citizen of Florence and father to Niccolò Machiavelli. A Doctor of Law (hence, his title of "Messer"), debts inherited from his father and uncles limited his career and prevented him from

text: Pont Royal, he was inspired to write a dialogue between Montesquieu and Machiavelli. The noble baron Montesquieu would make the case for liberalism; the Florentine politician Machiavelli would present the case for despotism. Machiavelli claims that he "... wouldn't even need twenty years to transform utterly the most indomitable European character and render it as a docile under tyranny as the debased people of Asia". Montesquieu insists that the liberal spirit of the peoples is invincible. In 25 dialogues, step by step, Machiavelli, who by Joly's plot covertly represents Napoleon III, explains how he would replace freedom with despotism in

title: Niccolò Machiavelli

text: being a statesman and political scientist, Machiavelli also translated classical works, and was a playwright ("Clizia", "Mandragola"), a poet ("Sonetti", "Canzoni", "Ottave", "Canti carnascialeschi"), and a novelist ("Belfagor arcidiavolo"). Some of his other work: "Della Lingua" (Italian for "Of the Language") (1514), a dialogue about Italy's language is normally attributed to Machiavelli. Machiavelli's literary executor, Giuliano de' Ricci, also reported having seen that Machiavelli, his grandfather, made a comedy in the style of Aristophanes which included living Florentines as characters, and to be titled "Le Maschere". It has been suggested that due to such things as this and his style

title: The New Machiavelli

text: interesting"; another admirer, Henry James, regarded Wells's use of the first person an artistic mistake. Beatrice Webb called "The New Machiavelli" "very clever in a malicious way" but did not sue, saying that the novel "lays bare the tragedy of H.G.'s life—his aptitude for 'fine thinking' and even 'good feeling' and yet his total incapacity for decent conduct". Some libraries banned the book and the "Spectator" did not review it. Reviewers were receptive to Wells's political argument but hostile to its sexual message. The New Machiavelli The New Machiavelli is a 1911 novel by H. G. Wells that was serialised

title: Centro Machiavelli

text: activities. As well as general and specialized language courses, the school also offers arts and crafts practical courses and cooking lessons. Centro Machiavelli The private school, Centro Machiavelli which teaches Italian language and culture to foreigners, is located in the historic center of Florence, in Piazza Santo Spirito where there is the Basilica of the Holy Spirit. Founded in 1978, it is a reference point for young people and adults who want to learn or improve their knowledge of the language and to get to know the culture, customs and traditions of Italy. The contents of the programs of study

title: Centro Machiavelli

text: Centro Machiavelli The private school, Centro Machiavelli which teaches Italian language and culture to foreigners, is located in the historic center of Florence, in Piazza Santo Spirito where there is the Basilica of the Holy Spirit. Founded in 1978, it is a reference point for young people and adults who want to learn or improve their knowledge of the language and to get to know the culture, customs and traditions of Italy. The contents of the programs of study are based on the C.E.F.R (European Framework of Reference for Languages). The school also arranges an extensive program of extra-curricular cultural

title: Machiavelli as a dramatist

text: connects with the action, but is removed enough from the stage that there is no looming fear. Like in "The Prince", Machiavelli argues that uniting opportunistic fortune and skillful strength allows for competence and accord. Machiavelli used those words, "fortuna" and "virtù", literally and figuratively in both pieces to demonstrate that immorality is acceptable when the ends justify the means. In "Mandragola", Machiavelli dramatically portrays these ideas by making the protagonist boast "virtù" and his leading lady encompass "fortuna". The protagonist Callimaco is the virtuous prince that Machiavelli alludes to in "The Prince"; he has the fervent aspiration, but also

title: Machiavelli (board game)

text: and "Convoy". The advanced game adds the following rules: Also there are some optional rules to make the game more fun and add some randomness: Mike Breault comments: "With all this depth, richness, and historical context, "Machiavelli"'s gameplay still flows smoothly and swiftly along. It's a tribute to its outstanding design and development that "Machiavelli" works so well on so many levels. From a basic rule set that itself surpasses any other game of its type, multiple gameplay-enhancing layers can be added as desired, to weave a tapestry of intrigue and interaction unrivaled in hobby games." Machiavelli (board game) Machiavelli

title: Niccolò Machiavelli

text: murder against their own people. He estimated that these sects last from 1,666 to 3,000 years each time, which, as pointed out by Leo Strauss, would mean that Christianity became due to start finishing about 150 years after Machiavelli. Machiavelli's concern with Christianity as a sect was that it makes men weak and inactive, delivering politics into the hands of cruel and wicked men without a fight. While fear of God can be replaced by fear of the prince, if there is a strong enough prince, Machiavelli felt that having a religion is in any case especially essential to keeping

title: Niccolò Machiavelli

text: about Machiavelli's influence on republicanism and argued that even though Machiavelli was a teacher of evil he had a nobility of spirit that led him to advocate ignoble actions. Whatever his intentions, which are still debated today, he has become associated with any proposal where "the end justifies the means". For example, Leo wrote: To quote Robert Bireley: Machiavelli's ideas had a profound impact on political leaders throughout the modern west, helped by the new technology of the printing press. During the first generations after Machiavelli, his main influence was in non-Republican governments. Pole reported that "The Prince" was spoken

title: Niccolò Machiavelli

text: Niccolò Machiavelli Niccolò di Bernardo dei Machiavelli (, ; 3 May 1469 – 21 June 1527) was an Italian diplomat, politician, historian, philosopher, humanist, writer, playwright and poet of the Renaissance period. He has often been called the father of modern political science. For many years he was a senior official in the Florentine Republic, with responsibilities in diplomatic and military affairs. He also wrote comedies, carnival songs, and poetry. His personal correspondence is renowned by Italian scholars. He was secretary to the Second Chancery of the Republic of Florence from 1498 to 1512, when the Medici were out of

title: Machiavelli and the Four Seasons

text: Machiavelli and the Four Seasons Machiavelli and the Four Seasons is a 1995 album by the Australian rock group TISM (This Is Serious Mum). It is TISM's most famous release and the one with which they received the most critical success and fame. The album was certified Gold by the ARIA Awards and won the ARIA Award for Best Independent Release. The award was accepted in person by Les Murray, the subject of the song "What Nationality is Les Murray?"', who read a seemingly insulting acceptance speech in his native Hungarian. Three of its songs reached Triple J's Hottest 100,

title: Machiavelli as a dramatist

text: Machiavelli as a dramatist Niccolò Machiavelli started work with the Chancery in Florence at the age of 29, traveling on diplomatic missions around Europe. In the 14 years he served the Chancery, he met great statesmen and politicians, including Louis XII, Emperor Maximilian and Cesare Borgia, and gained great insight into the political workings of Europe. He gave Florentine generals successful military advice concerning tactics and organizing infantry forces. He even established a Florentine militia. When the Medici came back into power in 1512, Machiavelli was arrested, tortured and exiled from Florence. Machiavelli, having lost the one vocation he understood,

title: The Art of War (Machiavelli)

text: of War (1757)", and Algarotti—though without much basis—saw in Machiavelli the master who has taught Frederick the Great the tactics by which he astounded Europe. Like most people concerned with military matters, Jefferson had Machiavelli's "Art of War" in his library, and when the War of 1812 increased American interest in problems of war, "The Art of War" was brought out in a special American edition." This continued interest in Machiavelli as a military thinker was not only caused by the fame of his name; some of the recommendations made in the "Art of War"—those on training, discipline, and classification,

title: Nicoletta Machiavelli

text: Tognazzi's wife in "A Question of Honour", and following a few comedies, her early career was characterized by genre films, mainly Spaghetti Western, notably Sergio Corbucci's "Navajo Joe". Starting from the late 1960s Machiavelli started appearing in more ambitious art films, working with Hans-Jürgen Syberberg, Pietro Germi, Dino Risi, Sergio Citti, Andrzej Żuławski, and Liliana Cavani, among others. In 1984, Machiavelli became a disciple of Osho and retired from show business. She eventually moved to Seattle, Washington, where among other things she taught Italian at the Bellevue College and at the University of Washington. She died of an undisclosed illness

title: Machiavelli as a dramatist

text: "…we see from recent experience that those princes have accomplished most who paid little heed to keeping their promises, but who knew how to manipulate the minds of men craftily. In the end, they won out over those who tried to act honestly." Machiavelli does not condone untrustworthy actions but he understands it as the best way to hold on to power. Machiavelli emphasizes the point that the ends justify the means when the stability and prosperity of the state are in question. He states that a prince should be able to obtain peace and order no matter the cost

title: Niccolò Machiavelli

text: defence attorney Lucrezia Borgia (Helen McCrory), he presents examples from history to the devil to support his political theories and appeal his sentence in Hell. The historical novel "The City of Man" (2009) by author Michael Harrington fully portrays the complex personalities of the two main characters—Girolamo Savonarola and a formative Niccolò Machiavelli—in opposition during the turbulent last decade of 15th century Florence. The portrayal of Machiavelli draws from his later writings and observations of the chaotic events of his youth before rising from obscurity to be appointed as Second Chancellor of the Florentine Republic at the age of twenty-nine,

title: Niccolò Machiavelli

text: became a term describing someone or something that is "marked by cunning, duplicity, or bad faith". "Machiavellianism" also remains a popular term used in speeches and journalism; while in psychology, it denotes a personality type. While Machiavellianism is notable in the works of Machiavelli, Machiavelli's works are complex and he is generally agreed to have been more than just "Machiavellian" himself. For example, J.G.A. saw him as a major source of the republicanism that spread throughout England and North America in the 17th and 18th centuries and Leo , whose view of Machiavelli is quite different in many ways, agreed

title: Niccolò Machiavelli

text: of his classical predecessors, saw ambition and spiritedness, and therefore war, as inevitable and part of human nature. Strauss concludes his 1958 "Thoughts on Machiavelli" by proposing that this promotion of progress leads directly to the modern arms race. Strauss argued that the unavoidable nature of such arms races, which have existed before modern times and led to the collapse of peaceful civilizations, provides us with both an explanation of what is most truly dangerous in Machiavelli's innovations, but also the way in which the aims of his apparently immoral innovation can be understood. Machiavelli explains repeatedly that he saw

title: Then and Now (novel)

text: the young wife of his host at Imola. The unsuccessful affair gave Machiavelli the idea of writing his first comedy - "The Mandrake". Thus, Then and Now appears to combine the two best known works of Machiavelli - "The Prince" and "The Mandrake". Then and Now (novel) Then and Now is a historical novel by W. Somerset Maugham. Set mainly in Imola, Italy, but also in other Italian cities, including Machiavelli's hometown Florence during the Renaissance, the story focuses on three months in the life of Niccolo Machiavelli, the Florentine politician, diplomat, philosopher and writer in the early years of

title: Machiavelli as a dramatist

text: means. "The Prince" was originally dedicated to Giuliano di Lorenzo de' Medici. The Medicis, however, did not accept Machiavelli into their favor. According to The Prince's translator, Robert M. Adams, "…he was an instinctive dramatist, and one of the dramatic effects he most enjoyed producing was shock and outrage." The Prince offended the Medicis and once again Machiavelli had no job. Taking this in stride, he turned to drama in order to convey his messages. Machiavelli wrote "Mandragola" after "The Prince" to rehash his political commentary for the upperclass. Theatre is a cautious means of exposing truths because the audience

title: Timeline of Niccolò Machiavelli

text: Timeline of Niccolò Machiavelli This timeline lists important events relevant to the life of the Italian diplomat, writer and political philosopher Niccolò di Bernardo dei Machiavelli (1469–1527). Machiavelli was born in Florence in 1469 of an old citizen family. Little is known about his life until 1498, when he was appointed secretary and second chancellor to the Florentine Republic. During his time of office his journeys included missions to Louis XII of France and to the Holy Roman Emperor Maximillian I; he was with Cesare Borgia in the Romagna; and after watching the second Papal election of 1503 he accompanied

title: Niccolò Machiavelli

text: emerge in the next century not only a theme of English political and historical reflection—of the writings of the Bolingbroke circle and of Gibbon and of early parliamentary radicals—but a stimulus to the Enlightenment in Scotland, on the Continent, and in America. Scholars have argued that Machiavelli was a major indirect and direct influence upon the political thinking of the Founding Fathers of the United States due to his overwhelming favoritism of republicanism and the republic type of government. According to John McCormick, it is still very much debatable whether or not Machiavelli was "an advisor of tyranny or partisan

title: Timeline of Niccolò Machiavelli

text: or 1518] 1518 [1519 or 1520] 1521 1522 1523 [1524–1525] 1525 1526 1527 1531–1532 "(Dates in square brackets are conjectural)" Timeline of Niccolò Machiavelli This timeline lists important events relevant to the life of the Italian diplomat, writer and political philosopher Niccolò di Bernardo dei Machiavelli (1469–1527). Machiavelli was born in Florence in 1469 of an old citizen family. Little is known about his life until 1498, when he was appointed secretary and second chancellor to the Florentine Republic. During his time of office his journeys included missions to Louis XII of France and to the Holy Roman Emperor Maximillian

title: Bernardo di Niccolò Machiavelli

text: Bernardo di Niccolò Machiavelli Bernardo di Niccolò Machiavelli (between 1426 and 1429 – 1500) was a citizen of Florence and father to Niccolò Machiavelli. A Doctor of Law (hence, his title of "Messer"), debts inherited from his father and uncles limited his career and prevented him from joining the legal guild. He is known independently for his diary or "Libro di Ricordi", chronicling the years 1474–1487. The pages, housed in the Biblioteca Riccardiana in Florence, serve as a valuable window into everyday life and culture during the time and provide the only reliable information on his famous son's early youth.

title: The Art of War (Machiavelli)

text: as his art but that of war and its orders and discipline; for that is the only art which is of concern to one who commands." In the course of the sixteenth century twenty-one editions appeared and it was translated into French, English, German, and Latin. Montaigne named Machiavelli next to Caesar, Polybius, and Commynes as an authority on military affairs. Although in the seventeenth century changing military methods brought other writers to the fore, Machiavelli was still frequently quoted. In the eighteenth century, the Marshal de Saxe leaned heavily on him when he composed his "Reveries upon the Art

title: The Art of War (Machiavelli)

text: The Art of War (Machiavelli) The Art of War () is a treatise by the Italian Renaissance political philosopher and historian Niccolò Machiavelli. The format of "The Art of War" is a socratic dialogue. The purpose, declared by Lord Fabrizio Colonna (perhaps Machiavelli's "persona") at the outset, "To honor and reward "virtù", not to have contempt for poverty, to esteem the modes and orders of military discipline, to constrain citizens to love one another, to live without factions, to esteem less the private than the public good." To these ends, Machiavelli notes in his preface, the military is like the

title: Niccolò Machiavelli

text: 1512 the Medici, backed by Pope Julius II, used Spanish troops to defeat the Florentines at Prato, but many historians have argued that it was due to Piero Soderini's unwillingness to compromise with the Medici, who were holding Prato under siege. In the wake of the siege, Soderini resigned as Florentine head of state and left in exile. The experience would, like Machiavelli's time in foreign courts and with the Borgia, heavily influence his political writings. After the Medici victory, the Florentine city-state and the republic were dissolved, and Machiavelli was deprived of office in 1512. In 1513 the Medici

title: House of Machiavelli

text: Medici came back in power in 1512. This house, including the attached tavern L'Albergaccio, is described in one of his most famous letters to Francesco Vettori from 10 December 1513. In this letter, Machiavelli described his typical day characterized by daily work to run the farm and the nights spent in the restaurant playing with the owner and the local butcher. He spent the rest of the night reading, and writing his most important book entitled The Prince (De Principatibus: il Principe), a masterpiece of modern political science. The house is still owned by the Machiavelli family and more recently

title: The Art of War (Machiavelli)

text: Fabrizio declaims that we should imitate ancient warfare rather than ancient art forms. However, the "Art of War" is a dialogue in the humanist tradition of imitating classical forms. Machiavelli himself appears to have fallen into the trap for which Fabrizio criticizes Bernardo Rucellai. Despite this inherent contradiction, the book lacks much of the cynical tone and humour that is so characteristic of Machiavelli's other works. The Art of War (Machiavelli) The Art of War () is a treatise by the Italian Renaissance political philosopher and historian Niccolò Machiavelli. The format of "The Art of War" is a socratic dialogue.

title: Machiavelli and the Four Seasons

text: Niccolò Machiavelli. The unusual title stems from a conceit found throughout the cover, although not in the tracks themselves, that this is actually an album by a group called "Machiavelli and the Four Seasons". The liner notes include an essay on the band's music, written with gushing praise. Track titles are also given, entirely revolving around the words "I", "Love", "You" and "Baby". A hidden track at the end of the actual album, entitled "Phillip Glass's Arse", is a melodic, a cappella harmonised song that gives a representation of what Machiavelli and the Four Seasons might actually sound like. TISM

title: Niccolò Machiavelli

text: in mud and filth, and I put on the clothes an ambassador would wear. Decently dressed, I enter the ancient courts of rulers who have long since died. There, I am warmly welcomed, and I feed on the only food I find nourishing and was born to savour. I am not ashamed to talk to them and ask them to explain their actions and they, out of kindness, answer me. Four hours go by without my feeling any anxiety. I forget every worry. I am no longer afraid of poverty or frightened of death. I live entirely through them. Machiavelli

title: Niccolò Machiavelli

text: Ernst Cassirer (1946) held that Machiavelli simply adopts the stance of a political scientist—a Galileo of politics—in distinguishing between the "facts" of political life and the "values" of moral judgment. On the other hand, Walter Russell Mead has argued that "The Prince"s advice presupposes the importance of ideas like legitimacy in making changes to the political system. Machiavelli is generally seen as being critical of Christianity as it existed in his time, specifically its effect upon politics, and also everyday life. In his opinion, Christianity, along with the teleological Aristotelianism that the church had come to accept, allowed practical decisions

title: Niccolò Machiavelli

text: power. He wrote his most well-known work "The Prince" ("Il Principe") in 1513, having been exiled from city affairs. "Machiavellianism" is widely used as a negative term to characterize unscrupulous politicians of the sort Machiavelli described most famously in "The Prince." Machiavelli described immoral behavior, such as dishonesty and the killing of innocents, as being normal and effective in politics. He even seemed to encourage it in some situations. The book gained notoriety due to claims that it teaches "evil recommendations to tyrants to help them maintain their power". The term "Machiavellian" is often associated with political deceit, deviousness, and

title: The Golden Ass (Machiavelli)

text: The Golden Ass (Machiavelli) L'asino (also called L'asino d'oro; English: The Golden Ass) was an unfinished satirical poem of eight chapters written by the Italian political scientist and writer Niccolò Machiavelli in 1517. A modernized version of Apuleius' "The Golden Ass" (rather than a translation of it), it is written in terza rima. It also concerns the theme of metamorphosis, and contains grotesque and allegorical episodes. In the poem, the author meets a beautiful herdswoman surrounded by Circe's herd of beasts (Canto 2). After spending a night of love with him, she explains the characteristics of the animals in her

title: Santi Niccolo e Lucia, Siena

text: Santi Niccolo e Lucia, Siena Santi Niccolò e Lucia, also known only as Santa Lucia, is a Roman Catholic church located in Pian dei Mantellini, in the city of Siena, region of Tuscany, Italy. A parish church dedicted to the two saints, Niccolò and Lucia, was present at the site for centuries when it was rebuilt in the late 16th and early 17th century. The ceilings and vaults of the church were frescoed by Sebastiano Folli with the "Glory of Santa Lucia" (1612) and "Glory of St John the Evangelist" (1621). The main altarpiece depicts the "Martyrdom of St Lucy"

title: Machiavelli as a dramatist

text: because a stable and prosperous country will always benefit the majority. Machiavelli uses the example of Agathocles the Sicilian. Agathocles had the entire senate of Syracuse killed in order to seize control of the government. Machiavelli admits that this is a way to gain power, but whether this cruelty was justified depends upon what Agathocles did with it. If he used his new power to bring wealth and success to Syracuse then he would have done well, but if Syracuse suffered under his rule, his murders would not have been justified. Thus by Machiavelli's logic the ends can justify the

title: David Ignatius

text: MSNBC's Morning Joe announced that Ignatius would be teaming up with composer Mohammed Fairouz to create a political opera called The New Prince, based on the teachings of Niccolo Machiavelli. The opera was commissioned by the Dutch National Opera. Speaking with "The Washington Post", Ignatius described the broad themes of the opera in terms of three chapters: "The first chapter is about revolution and disorder. Revolutions, like children, are lovable when young, and they become much less lovable as they age. The second lesson Machiavelli tells us is about sexual obsession, among leaders. And then the final chapter is basically

title: Machiavelli (Italian card game)

text: will then try to restore the cards to their proper groups. Any invalid cards left on the table will be later incorporated into valid groups by other players. Machiavelli (Italian card game) Machiavelli is an Italian card game derived from Rummy and is usually played by 2 up to 5 players, but can be played by even a higher number. Because of its characteristics, is not generally associated with gambling, but is instead a party game. Its appearance among card games can be traced to the Second World War. Play requires two decks of 52 standard playing cards, excluding the

title: Machiavelli (Italian card game)

text: Machiavelli (Italian card game) Machiavelli is an Italian card game derived from Rummy and is usually played by 2 up to 5 players, but can be played by even a higher number. Because of its characteristics, is not generally associated with gambling, but is instead a party game. Its appearance among card games can be traced to the Second World War. Play requires two decks of 52 standard playing cards, excluding the jokers. The dealer, chosen at random, deals 15 cards to each player in clockwise direction. If there are more than five players, the dealer may reduce the number

text: The Dialogue in Hell Between Machiavelli and Montesquieu The Dialogue in Hell Between Machiavelli and Montesquieu (in the original French "Dialogue aux enfers entre Machiavel et Montesquieu ou la politique de Machiavel au XIXe siècle") is a political satire written by French attorney Maurice Joly in protest against the regime of Napoleon III, a.k.a. Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte who ruled France from 1848-1870. It was translated into English in 2002. Small portions were translated in 1967 as an appendix to Norman Cohn's "Warrant for Genocide", which identifies it as the main source of the later "Protocols of the Elders of Zion". The

title: Machiavelli as a dramatist

text: success, instead of punishing them with failure. In "Mandragola", trickery is employed as a tool for fulfilling the desires of the characters. The characters also exploit one another's desires in order to achieve their personal goals. Machiavelli uses stock figures as a way of explaining political themes and satirizing familiar societal elements. Machiavelli establishes persuasion as the center of almost every scene by embedding rhetoric into the character dialogue. Rhetoric is implemented in the interactions of the theatrical characters from the start to the finish of the play: Ligurio fuels Callimaco's anticipation and hope concerning Lucrezia; Ligurio wins the trust

title: Machiavelli (board game)

text: divided in 73 different areas. There are two types of areas: "provinces" and "seas". Some of the provinces have a city, that in some cases can be fortified. Some of these fortified cities have a "port". Each player has a set of tokens that represent three types of military units: armies, fleets and garrisons. All of a player's tokens have the same colour. Also, the game includes other tokens, such as assassination tokens, rebellion tokens, famine tokens and ducats, the coinage in "Machiavelli". "Machiavelli" includes two 6-sided dice that are used only with some optional or advanced rules, such as

title: Philip Bobbitt

text: law." In 2013, Bobbitt published a study of Niccolo Machiavelli entitled "The Garments of Court and Palace: Machiavelli and the World That He Made". In this book he argues that only by understanding "The Prince" as one half of a constitutional treatise on the State (the other being Machiavelli's Discourses) can we reconcile the many otherwise contradictory elements of his work. Bobbitt also situates this constitutional treatise in the politics of Machiavelli's day. Quentin Skinner observed in the "New York Review of Books" of the rash of publications on the 500th anniversary of "The Prince" that: Other reviews noted: "Bobbitt