query: what did amerigo vespucci explore?

title: Amerigo Vespucci

text: Amerigo Vespucci Amerigo Vespucci (; ; March 9, 1454February 22, 1512) was an Italian explorer, financier, navigator and cartographer. Born in the Republic of Florence, he became a naturalized citizen of the Crown of Castile in 1505. Vespucci first demonstrated in about 1502 that Brazil and the West Indies did not represent Asia's eastern outskirts as initially conjectured from Columbus' voyages, but instead constituted an entirely separate landmass theretofore unknown to people of the Old World. Colloquially referred to as the New World, it came to be termed "the Americas", a name derived from "Americus", the Latin version of Vespucci's

title: Amerigo Vespucci

text: addressed to Piero Soderini. Printed in 1504 or 1505, it claimed to be an account of four voyages to the Americas made by Vespucci between 1497 and 1504. A Latin translation was published by the German Martin Waldseemüller in 1507 in "Cosmographiae Introductio", a book on cosmography and geography, as "Quattuor Americi Vespucij navigationes" (Four Voyages of Amerigo Vespucci). On March 22, 1508, King Ferdinand made Vespucci chief navigator of Spain at a huge salary and commissioned him to found a school of navigation, in order to standardize and modernize navigation techniques used by Iberian sea captains then exploring the

title: Amerigo Vespucci Letter from Seville

text: displacement of people from the Transatlantic slave trade, and other drastic changes that created an imbalance of power that last for centuries after the Age of Discovery. Amerigo Vespucci (1451-1512) was an Italian sailor and accomplished navigator who made multiple voyages to the Americas under either Portuguese or Spanish funding. He eventually became a Spanish citizen. He developed a relationship with the Medici family through going to France to represent the family before the French king in 1479. His voyages were in last decade of the 15th century and first decade of the 16th century. In 1505 his career on

title: Amerigo Vespucci Letter from Seville

text: of which Vespucci did not command. Fault is moved past him, and unto those who circulated his writings. Alternatively, Charles Whitney criticizes modern historians for being unable to distinguish between Christopher Columbus and Vespucci, attempting to credit both with discovering the Americas and creating mass misinformation. He argues misconceptions lie within academia, preventing a true understanding of Vespucci’s accounts. The letter and the exploration it represents is part of the era known as The Age of Exploration or The Age of Discovery. It began in the 15th century and continued into the 17th century and is classified as a time

title: Amerigo Vespucci

text: historians on when Vespucci visited the mainland the first time. Some historians like Germán Arciniegas and Gabriel Camargo Pérez think that his first voyage was made in June 1497 with the Spanish pilot Juan de la Cosa. Vespucci's real historical importance may well rest more in his letters, whether he wrote them all or not, than in his discoveries. From these letters, the European public learned about the newly discovered continents of the Americas for the first time; their existence became generally known throughout Europe within a few years of the letters' publication. In his words:"..concerning my return from those

title: Pedro Álvares Cabral

text: Manuel I had been told of the discovery of what is now Brazil, he sent another and smaller fleet to explore it. One of its navigators was Amerigo Vespucci (for whom the Americas would be named), who told Cabral of his exploration, confirming that he had indeed made landfall on an entire continent and not merely an island. Nicolau Coelho's caravel departed first from Beseguiche and arrived in Portugal on 23 June 1501. Cabral stayed behind, waiting for Pedro de Ataíde's missing ship and for the caravel that had been sent to Sofala. Both eventually appeared and Cabral arrived in

title: Age of Discovery

text: It was soon understood that Columbus had not reached Asia but had found a new continent, the Americas. The Americas were named in 1507 by cartographers Martin Waldseemüller and Matthias Ringmann, probably after Amerigo Vespucci. In 1501–1502, one of these Portuguese expeditions, led by Gonçalo Coelho (and/or André Gonçalves or Gaspar de Lemos), sailed south along the coast of South America to the bay of present-day Rio de Janeiro. Amerigo Vespucci's account states that the expedition reached the latitude "South Pole elevation 52° S", in the "cold" latitudes of what is now southern Patagonia (possibly near the Strait), before turning

title: New World

text: his mapping expedition through 1501–02, covering the huge stretch of coast of eastern Brazil. After returning from Brazil, in the Spring of 1503, Amerigo Vespucci composed the "Mundus Novus" letter in Lisbon to Lorenzo in Florence, with its famous opening paragraph: Vespucci's letter was a publishing sensation in Europe, immediately (and repeatedly) reprinted in several other countries. While Amerigo Vespucci is usually credited for coming up with the term "New World" ("Mundus Novus") for the Americas in his 1503 letter, certainly giving it its popular cachet, similar terms had nonetheless been used and applied before him. The Venetian explorer Alvise

title: Italy

text: of the North American continent in 1497; Amerigo Vespucci, who first demonstrated in about 1502 that the New World was not Asia as initially conjectured, but a fourth continent previously unknown to people of the Old World (America is named after him); and Giovanni da Verrazzano, renowned as the first European to explore the Atlantic coast of North America between Florida and New Brunswick in 1524. Furthermore, the Papal States was involved in resolving disputes between competing colonial powers. The only attempt by an Italian state to colonise the Americas was taken into consideration by Ferdinando I de' Medici, Grand

title: Saint Augustine in His Study (Botticelli, Ognissanti)

text: lived in for the rest of his life. Here the notable family on the street were the Vespucci, including Amerigo Vespucci, born in 1454, after whom the Americas were named. The Vespucci were close Medici allies, and would become regular patrons of Botticelli. The work was commissioned by the Vespucci family, probably Amerigo's father Nastaglio, a notary, and his brother Giorgio Antonio, both neighbours of Botticelli. Someone else, probably the order running the church, commissioned Domenico Ghirlandaio to do a facing "Saint Jerome"; both saints were shown writing in their studies, which are crowded with objects. As in other cases,

title: Amerigo Vespucci

text: first name. Amerigo Vespucci was born and raised in Florence on the Italian Peninsula. He was the third son of Ser Nastagio (Anastasio) Vespucci, a Florentine notary, and Lisabetta Mini. The father of Ser Nastagio (Anastasio) Vespucci had the name Amerigo Vespucci also. His family lived close to the Ognissanti church, the church of "All Saints", also dedicated to san Salvatore, the "saint Saviour": these familiar places may have influenced the later decision to name the Bay of All Saints and the city of Salvador, Bahia. Amerigo Vespucci was educated by his uncle, Fra Giorgio Antonio Vespucci, a Dominican friar

title: Colegio Amerigo Vespucci

text: are mandatory. Colegio Amerigo Vespucci Colegio Amerigo Vespucci is an Italian private school in Caracas, Venezuela. The college is named after Amerigo Vespucci, an Italian explorer, navigator and cartographer who first demonstrated that Brazil and the West Indies did not represent Asia's eastern outskirts as initially conjectured from Columbus' voyages, but instead constituted an entirely separate landmass hitherto unknown to Old Worlders: even because of this demonstration the name "America" of this landmass is derived from him. The school is an italo-venezuelan "Unidad educativa" in the capital Caracas and has "kinder", "elementary" and "bachelor" (or high school) sections, where the

title: Colegio Amerigo Vespucci

text: Colegio Amerigo Vespucci Colegio Amerigo Vespucci is an Italian private school in Caracas, Venezuela. The college is named after Amerigo Vespucci, an Italian explorer, navigator and cartographer who first demonstrated that Brazil and the West Indies did not represent Asia's eastern outskirts as initially conjectured from Columbus' voyages, but instead constituted an entirely separate landmass hitherto unknown to Old Worlders: even because of this demonstration the name "America" of this landmass is derived from him. The school is an italo-venezuelan "Unidad educativa" in the capital Caracas and has "kinder", "elementary" and "bachelor" (or high school) sections, where the Italian language

title: Ponte Amerigo Vespucci

text: structures but also to be an obviously modern structure. Ponte Amerigo Vespucci Ponte Amerigo Vespucci is a bridge over the Arno River in Florence, Italy and named after Florence-born explorer Amerigo Vespucci. It joins the Lungarno Amerigo Vespucci to the Lungarno Soderini. To the east is the Ponte alla Carraia. This bridge, like most of the other bridges over the Arno, is a reconstruction. Plans were made in 1908 to bridge this section of the Arno to service quartiere di San Frediano, but the plans were never realized. In 1949, a bridge, ponte di via Melegnano, was constructed from the

title: Ponte Amerigo Vespucci

text: Ponte Amerigo Vespucci Ponte Amerigo Vespucci is a bridge over the Arno River in Florence, Italy and named after Florence-born explorer Amerigo Vespucci. It joins the Lungarno Amerigo Vespucci to the Lungarno Soderini. To the east is the Ponte alla Carraia. This bridge, like most of the other bridges over the Arno, is a reconstruction. Plans were made in 1908 to bridge this section of the Arno to service quartiere di San Frediano, but the plans were never realized. In 1949, a bridge, ponte di via Melegnano, was constructed from the recycled remains of other bridges that had been destroyed

title: Amerigo Vespucci

text: Spain, Vespucci became a Spanish citizen. On March 22, 1508 he was made the pilot major of Spain by Ferdinand II of Aragon in honor of his discoveries. Vespucci also ran a school for navigators in the Spanish House of Trade, based in Seville. He died on February 22, 1512 at his home in Seville, Spain. Amerigo Vespucci Amerigo Vespucci (; ; March 9, 1454February 22, 1512) was an Italian explorer, financier, navigator and cartographer. Born in the Republic of Florence, he became a naturalized citizen of the Crown of Castile in 1505. Vespucci first demonstrated in about 1502 that

title: Amerigo Vespucci Letter from Seville

text: Vespucci in the letter also wrote "we...discovered a very large country of Asia" Amerigo Vespucci, an Italian explorer, sailed for Spain in an effort to explore Asia. By sailing southwest from the Atlantic Ocean, Vespucci and his crew ended up discovering South America, which he initially thought was connected to Asia. Vespucci wrote the “Letter from Seville” in Seville, Spain after finishing his voyage in order to summarize all his discoveries in South America. Vespucci was satisfied with the voyage because he crossed the equator successfully and explored the tropics, which were called the Torrid Zone at that time, and

title: Amerigo Vespucci

text: the Indies. Two letters attributed to Vespucci were published during his lifetime. "Mundus Novus" (New World) was a Latin translation of a lost Italian letter sent from Lisbon to Lorenzo di Pierfrancesco de' Medici. It describes a voyage to South America in 1501–1502. "Mundus Novus" was published in late 1502 or early 1503 and soon reprinted and distributed in numerous European countries. "Lettera di Amerigo Vespucci delle isole nuovamente trovate in quattro suoi viaggi" (Letter of Amerigo Vespucci concerning the isles newly discovered on his four voyages), known as "Lettera al Soderini" or just "Lettera", was a letter in Italian

title: Colegio Amerigo Vespucci

text: students in the Italian community of Caracas attended mainly these two "scuole", with rivalry also in sport matches (like soccer). The Directors of the Vespucci in 1981 created the "University Institute of Technology "Amerigo Vespucci" (UITAV)" and in 1988 from the UITAV there were graduates in "Senior Technical Business Administration of Business Administration and of Accounting & Finance" (in the next fourteen years the IUTAV did two additional courses: Computers and Advertising & Marketing). Actually the Colegio Vespucci is a "Unidad Educativa" with more than 2000 students. In the Venezuelan "bachillerato" of the Colegio Vespucci the courses of Italian language

title: Italian training ship Amerigo Vespucci

text: in the Azores Islands, and it will cross the Atlantic Ocean to the Northern Europe. In April 2015 tender NC90 was replaced by the following: Official web sites: Other web sites: Italian training ship Amerigo Vespucci The Amerigo Vespucci is a tall ship of the Italian Navy ("Marina Militare") named after the explorer Amerigo Vespucci. Its home port is La Spezia, Italy, and it is in use as a school ship. In 1925, the Regia Marina ordered two school ships to a design by General Lieutenant Francesco Rotundi of the Italian Navy Engineering Corps, inspired by the style of large

title: Italian training ship Amerigo Vespucci

text: Italian training ship Amerigo Vespucci The Amerigo Vespucci is a tall ship of the Italian Navy ("Marina Militare") named after the explorer Amerigo Vespucci. Its home port is La Spezia, Italy, and it is in use as a school ship. In 1925, the Regia Marina ordered two school ships to a design by General Lieutenant Francesco Rotundi of the Italian Navy Engineering Corps, inspired by the style of large late 18th century 74-cannon ships of the line (like the neapolitan ship "Monarca"). The first, the "Cristoforo Colombo", was put into service in 1928 and was used by the Italian Navy

title: Amerigo Vespucci

text: of the monastery of San Marco in Florence. While his elder brothers were sent to the University of Pisa to pursue scholarly careers, Amerigo Vespucci embraced a mercantile life, and was hired as a clerk by the Florentine commercial house of Medici, headed by Lorenzo de' Medici. Vespucci acquired the favor and protection of Lorenzo di Pierfrancesco de' Medici, who became the head of the business after the elder Lorenzo's death in 1492. In March 1492, the Medici dispatched the thirty-eight-year-old Vespucci and Donato Niccolini as confidential agents to look into the Medici branch office in Cádiz (Spain), whose managers

title: Amerigo Vespucci Letter from Seville

text: other verified voyage of 1501 was sponsored by Portugal. This voyage lead Vespucci to the realization that he had not reached Asia, but instead a "New World." He potentially undertook another voyage in 1504. Amerigo Vespucci Letter from Seville Amerigo Vespucci's Letter from Seville (18 July 1500), written to his patron Lorenzo di Pierfrancesco de' Medici, describes experiences on Alonso de Ojeda's May 1499 voyage. Vespucci's findings during the Age of Discovery led Europeans to believe that North and South America were not connected to Asia, which was a common belief at the time and was even held by Vespucci

title: Amerigo Vespucci Letter from Seville

text: Amerigo Vespucci Letter from Seville Amerigo Vespucci's Letter from Seville (18 July 1500), written to his patron Lorenzo di Pierfrancesco de' Medici, describes experiences on Alonso de Ojeda's May 1499 voyage. Vespucci's findings during the Age of Discovery led Europeans to believe that North and South America were not connected to Asia, which was a common belief at the time and was even held by Vespucci himself. Despite the surrounding controversy among many historians about which Vespucci letters were real, and which ones were forged, this particular letter of Vespucci's is notable for its detailed description of the Brazilian coast

title: Colegio Amerigo Vespucci

text: lessons are mandatory. The Colegio Vespucci was home of the Italian "Istituto tecnico per geometri "Luigi Einaudi"", mainly during the 1970s and 1980s. The Colegio Italo venezolano "Amerigo Vespucci" (called "Scuola Vespucci" by the Italians) was created on May 27, 1958 in the urbanization "La Carlota", Caracas, by famous professor Maria Cerolini with a group of thirty-five (35) Italian students, distributed between preschool and basic education from first through fourth grade (the courses were only in Italian language). In 1962 it changed its headquarters to the urbanization "Los Chorros" of eastern Caracas in a bigger building. The students were now

title: Italian training ship Amerigo Vespucci

text: and South America, and navigated the Pacific. In 2002, she undertook a voyage around the world. The "Amerigo Vespucci" often takes part in sailing parades and Tall Ships' Races, where she is in amicable rivalry with the "Gorch Fock". When she is berthed in port, public tours of the vessel are usually offered. On 7 July 2018, "Amerigo Vespucci" arrived to the port of Almeria. It is the third time it visited Almería: the first one was in 1932, and the second one was in 1989. It left the city on 10 July. Then it will travel to Ponta Delgada,

title: Italian training ship Amerigo Vespucci

text: to the two gun decks of the ships her design is based on, but she carries only two 6pdr saluting guns in pivot mountings on the deck, forward of the mainmast. The deck planks are of teak wood and must be replaced every three years. Bow and stern are decorated with intricate ornaments; she has a life-size figurehead of Amerigo Vespucci. The stern gallery is accessible only through the Captain's saloon. The standard crew of the "Amerigo Vespucci" is 16 officers, 70 non-commissioned officers and 190 sailors. In summer, when she embarks the midshipmen of the Naval Academy ("Accademia Navale"),

title: Italian training ship Amerigo Vespucci

text: tons. Under auxiliary diesel-electric propulsion the "Amerigo Vespucci" can reach and has a range of 5450 nm at 6.5 knots. The three steel masts are 50, 54 and 43 metres high, and carry sails totalling . The "Amerigo Vespucci" has 26 sails – square sails, staysails, and jibs: all are traditional canvas sails. When under sail in severe sea and wind conditions she can reach . The rig, some 30 km of ropes, uses only traditional hemp ropes; only the mooring lines are synthetic, to comply with port regulations. The hull is painted black with two white stripes, harking back

title: Amerigo Vespucci

text: view. The book accompanying the map stated: "I do not see what right any one would have to object to calling this part, after Americus who discovered it and who is a man of intelligence, Amerige, that is, the Land of Americus, or America: since both Europa and Asia got their names from women". It is possible that Vespucci was not aware that Waldseemüller had named the continent after him. The two disputed letters claim that Vespucci made four voyages to America, while at most two can be verified from other sources. At the moment, there is a dispute between

title: Amerigo Vespucci

text: New World, leaving Spain in May 1497 and returning in October 1498. However, some modern scholars have doubted that this voyage took place, and consider this letter a forgery. Whoever did write the letter makes several observations of native customs, including use of hammocks and sweat lodges. About 1499–1500, Vespucci joined an expedition in the service of Spain, with Alonso de Ojeda (or Hojeda) as the fleet commander. The intention was to sail around the southern end of the African mainland into the Indian Ocean. After hitting land at the coast of what is now Guyana, the two seem to

title: Amerigo Vespucci

text: continent America after the feminine Latin version of Vespucci's first name, which is Americus. In an accompanying book, Waldseemüller published one of the Vespucci accounts, which led to criticism that Vespucci was trying to upset Christopher Columbus' glory. However, the rediscovery in the 18th century of other letters by Vespucci has led to the view that the early published accounts, notably the Soderini Letter, could be fabrications, not by Vespucci, but by others. In 1508, the position of chief of navigation of Spain ("piloto mayor de Indias") was created for Vespucci, with the responsibility of planning navigation for voyages to

title: Italian training ship Amerigo Vespucci

text: until 1943. After World War II, this ship was handed over to the USSR as part of the war reparations and was shortly afterwards decommissioned. The second ship was the "Amerigo Vespucci", built in 1930 at the (formerly Royal) Naval Shipyard of Castellammare di Stabia (Naples). She was launched on February 22, 1931, and put into service in July of that year. The vessel is a full rigged three-masted steel hull long, with an overall length of including the bowsprit and a maximum width of . She has a draught of about and a displacement at full load of 4146

title: Italian training ship Amerigo Vespucci

text: fitted with new radar GEM Elettronica AN/SPS-753(V)5, new satellite antenna ORBIT AL-7103. When carrying cadets, the ship is usually steered from the manual stern rudder station, which is operated by four steering wheels with two men each. At other times, the hydraulically assisted steering on the bridge is used. Except for the anchor winch, the winches aboard are not power operated. The bridge is equipped with sophisticated modern electronic navigation instruments. Other than during World War II, the "Amerigo Vespucci" has been continually active. Most of her training cruises are in European waters, but she has also sailed to North

title: Amerigo Vespucci

text: secured beef supplies for at least one (if not two) of Columbus' voyages. Vespucci claimed at the invitation of king Manuel I of Portugal, Vespucci participated as observer in several voyages that explored the east coast of South America between 1499 and 1502. On the first of these voyages Vespucci claimed he was aboard the ship that discovered that South America extended much further south than previously thought. Vespucci's expeditions became known in Europe after two accounts attributed to Vespucci were published between 1502 and 1503. In 1507, Martin Waldseemüller produced a world map on which he named the new

title: Amerigo Vespucci

text: also disputed to have taken place. The only source of information for the last voyage is the "Letter to Soderini", but as several modern scholars dispute Vespucci's authorship of the letter to Soderini, it is also sometimes doubted whether Vespucci undertook this trip. However, Portuguese documents do confirm a voyage to Brazil was undertaken in 1503–04 by the captain Gonçalo Coelho, very likely the same captain of the 1501 mapping expedition (Vespucci's third voyage), and so it is quite possible that Vespucci went on board this one as well. However, it is not independently confirmed Vespucci was aboard and there

title: Amerigo Vespucci

text: have separated. Vespucci sailed southward, discovering the mouth of the Amazon River and reaching 6°S, before turning around and seeing Trinidad and the Orinoco River and returning to Spain by way of Hispaniola. The letter, to Lorenzo di Pierfrancesco de' Medici, claims that Vespucci determined his longitude celestially on August 23, 1499, while on this voyage. However, that claim may be fraudulent, which could cast doubt on the letter's credibility. The last certain voyage of Vespucci was led by Gonçalo Coelho in 1501–1502 in the service of Portugal. Departing from Lisbon, the fleet sailed first to Cape Verde where they

title: Amerigo Vespucci

text: world. Vespucci even developed a rudimentary, but fairly accurate method of determining longitude (which only more accurate chronometers would later improve upon). In the 18th century, three unpublished familiar letters from Vespucci to Lorenzo de' Medici were rediscovered. One describes a voyage made in 1499–1500 which corresponds with the second of the "four voyages". Another was written from Cape Verde in 1501 in the early part of the third of the four voyages, before crossing the Atlantic. The third letter was sent from Lisbon after the completion of that voyage. Some have suggested that Vespucci, in the two letters published

title: Amerigo Vespucci

text: and dealings were under suspicion. In April 1495, by the intrigues of Bishop Juan Rodríguez de Fonseca, the Crown of Castile broke their monopoly deal with Christopher Columbus and began handing out licenses to other navigators for the West Indies. Just around this time (1495–96), Vespucci was engaged as the executor of Giannotto Berardi, an Italian merchant who had recently died in Seville. Vespucci organized the fulfillment of Berardi's outstanding contract with the Castilian crown to provide twelve vessels for the Indies. After these were delivered, Vespucci continued as a provision contractor for Indies expeditions, and is known to have

title: Simonetta Vespucci

text: Simonetta Vespucci Simonetta Vespucci (née Cattaneo; 1453 – 26 April 1476), nicknamed "la bella Simonetta", was an Italian noblewoman from Genoa, the wife of Marco Vespucci of Florence and the cousin-in-law of Amerigo Vespucci. She was known as the greatest beauty of her age in Northern Italy, and was allegedly the model for many paintings by Sandro Botticelli, Piero di Cosimo, and other Florentine painters. (Some art historians have taken issue with these attributions, which the Victorian critic John Ruskin has been blamed for promulgating.) Simonetta Vespucci was born Simonetta Cattaneo circa 1453 in a part of the Republic of

title: Simonetta Vespucci

text: noting that the inscription of her name at the bottom of the painting may have been added at a later date. Simonetta Vespucci Simonetta Vespucci (née Cattaneo; 1453 – 26 April 1476), nicknamed "la bella Simonetta", was an Italian noblewoman from Genoa, the wife of Marco Vespucci of Florence and the cousin-in-law of Amerigo Vespucci. She was known as the greatest beauty of her age in Northern Italy, and was allegedly the model for many paintings by Sandro Botticelli, Piero di Cosimo, and other Florentine painters. (Some art historians have taken issue with these attributions, which the Victorian critic John

title: Antarctigo Vespucci

text: the band had signed to Polyvinyl Record Co. Antarctigo Vespucci Antarctigo Vespucci is an indie rock band composed of Chris Farren of Fake Problems and Jeff Rosenstock of Bomb the Music Industry. Farren and Rosenstock began recording as a band in early 2014 with their debut EP "Soulmate Stuff," with Benny Horowitz of The Gaslight Anthem on drums. They released their first full-length, "Leavin' La Vida Loca", in 2015. The band explains their name as a joke: "Amerigo Vespucci is the guy who discovered America so it stands to reason that Antarctigo Vespucci would be the guy who discovered Antarctica."

title: Antarctigo Vespucci

text: Antarctigo Vespucci Antarctigo Vespucci is an indie rock band composed of Chris Farren of Fake Problems and Jeff Rosenstock of Bomb the Music Industry. Farren and Rosenstock began recording as a band in early 2014 with their debut EP "Soulmate Stuff," with Benny Horowitz of The Gaslight Anthem on drums. They released their first full-length, "Leavin' La Vida Loca", in 2015. The band explains their name as a joke: "Amerigo Vespucci is the guy who discovered America so it stands to reason that Antarctigo Vespucci would be the guy who discovered Antarctica." On August 22, 2018, it was announced that

title: Amerigo Vespucci

text: are some difficulties in the reported dates and details. The letters caused controversy after Vespucci's death, especially among the supporters of Columbus who believed Columbus' priority for the discovery of America was being undermined, and seriously damaged Vespucci's reputation. Vespucci was a cousin of the husband of Simonetta Vespucci. He married Maria Cerezo. One of the very few references to Amerigo's wife is contained in a royal decree dated May 22, 1512, giving his widow, Maria Cerezo a lifetime pension of ten thousand maravedís per annum deducted from the salary of her husband's successor. Not long after his return to

title: Amerigo Vespucci

text: de la Plata, which he must have seen if he had gotten that far south. Portuguese maps of South America, created after the voyage of Coelho and Vespucci, do not show any land south of present-day Cananéia at 25° S, so this may represent the southernmost extent of their voyages. After the first half of the expedition, Vespucci mapped Alpha and Beta Centauri, as well as the constellation Crux, the Southern Cross and the Coalsack Nebula. Although these stars had been known to the ancient Greeks, gradual precession had lowered them below the European horizon so that they had been

title: Amerigo Vespucci

text: in his lifetime, was exaggerating his role and constructed deliberate fabrications. However, many scholars now believe that the two letters were not written by him but were fabrications by others based in part on genuine letters by Vespucci. It was the publication and widespread circulation of the letters that might have led Waldseemüller to name the new continent America on his world map of 1507 in Lorraine. Vespucci used a Latinised form of his name, "Americus Vespucius", in his Latin writings, which Waldseemüller used as a base for the new name, taking the feminine form "America", according to the prevalent

title: Simonetta Vespucci

text: names her parents slightly differently, as Gaspare Cattaneo and Chateroccia di Marco Spinola. At age sixteen she married Marco Vespucci, son of Piero, who was a distant cousin of the explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci. They met in April 1469, when she was with her parents at the church of San Torpete in Genoa; the doge Piero il Fregoso and much of the Genoese nobility were present. Marco had been sent to Genoa by his father, Piero, to study at the Banco di San Giorgio. Smitten with Simonetta, Marco was accepted by her parents as his daughter's prospective bridegroom; they

title: Amerigo Vespucci Letter from Seville

text: investigated rivers and different plant and animal species. Many authors have criticized "Letter from Seville" as being falsified information, accusing Vespucci of never truly making the voyage to Brazil or over exaggerating his role. Thomas More describes Europe in "Utopia: A Revised Translation, Backgrounds, Criticism" as fundamentally corrupt, creating a culture in which Vespucci would feel encouraged to recreate experiences heard from others. Other's place blame on mapmakers and interpreters of Vespucci's time. Felipe Frenández-Armesto describes Vespucci as a common Italian sailor, whose writings were misinterpreted by contemporaries. Frenádez-Arnestio firmly establishes that only two of the four voyages were factual,

title: Amerigo Vespucci

text: forgotten. On his return to Lisbon, Vespucci wrote in a letter from Seville to Lorenzo di Pierfrancesco de' Medici that the land masses they explored were much larger than anticipated and different from the Asia described by Ptolemy or Marco Polo and therefore, must be a New World, that is, a previously unknown fourth continent, after Europe, Asia, and Africa. Vespucci's fourth voyage was another expedition for the Portuguese crown down the eastern coast of Brazil, that set out in May 1503 and returned to Portugal in June 1504. Like his alleged first voyage, Vespucci's last voyage in 1503–1504 is

title: Amerigo Vespucci

text: met two of Pedro Álvares Cabral's ships returning from India. In a letter from Cape Verde, Vespucci says that he hopes to visit the same lands that Álvares Cabral had explored, suggesting that the intention is to sail west to Asia, as on the 1499–1500 voyage. On reaching the coast of Brazil, they sailed south along the coast of South America to Rio de Janeiro's bay. If his own account is to be believed, he reached the latitude of Patagonia before turning back, although this also seems doubtful, since his account does not mention the broad estuary of the Río

title: Amerigo Vespucci

text: opinion is false and utterly opposed to the truth ... my last voyage has made manifest; for in those southern parts I have found a continent more densely peopled and abounding in animals than our Europe Asia or Africa, and, in addition, a climate milder and more delightful than in any other region known to us, as you shall learn in the following account." The first and fourth voyages are perhaps fabricated, but the second and third are certain. A letter published in 1504 purports to be an account by Vespucci, written to Soderini, of a lengthy visit to the

title: Amerigo Vespucci Letter from Seville

text: began to believe many of the documents were forgeries, including the documents about what had been believed to be his first voyage. Due to this dispute in the records, it is unknown how many voyages he undertook. Historians are confident the voyage of 1499 took place while the reports of a previous journey are dubious. On this journey with four ships, Vespucci traveled to present day Guyana then south to the mouth of the Amazon River and continued south, potentially as far as Cape St. Augustine before turning back. On the journey home, he went to Trinidad and Hispaniola. His

title: Amerigo Vespucci Letter from Seville

text: and its inhabitants. Antonello Gerbi argues that the 1500 "Letter from Seville", the 4 July 1501 "Letter from Cape Verdi," and the 1502 "Letter from Lisbon," all written to Lorenzo di Pierfrancesco de' Medici, are the only three authentic Vespucci letters. In 1497, Vespucci sailed with Spain and left Cadiz, Spain on his first journey where he was sailing through the West Indies. In the "Letter from Seville", he wrote that "we sailed for about thirteen hundred leagues to that land from the city of Cadiz" However, the voyage in 1497 was to reach the West Indies instead of Brazil.

title: Amerigo Vespucci Letter from Seville

text: ships ended because he began work in Spain as a consultant.His name was immortalized by German cartographer, Martin Waldseemüller, in 1507 who used the word "America" on a map of the new continent. In 1508, he became the chief navigator overseeing voyages and compiling data into maps for Spain. He continued with this well respected job until his death. Vespucci contributed to the Age of Exploration both as an explorer and Spanish official. The Voyage of 1499 was sponsored by Spain. This voyage was considered the second voyage for centuries until the 20th century when controversy arose because some historians

title: Noronha skink

text: worms infect it. Perhaps seen by Amerigo Vespucci in 1503, it was first formally described in 1839. Its subsequent taxonomic history has been complex, riddled with confusion with "Trachylepis maculata" and other species, homonyms, and other problems. The species is classified in the otherwise mostly African genus "Trachylepis" and is thought to have reached its island from Africa by rafting. The enigmatic "Trachylepis tschudii", supposedly from Peru, may well be the same species. In an early account of what may be Fernando de Noronha, purportedly based on a voyage by Amerigo Vespucci in 1503, the island was said to be

title: Exploration of North America

text: in the name of England. Nearly at the same time, between 1499 and 1502 the brothers Gaspar and Miguel Corte Real explored and named the coasts of Greenland, Labrador and also Newfoundland, naming ""Terra Verde"" the explored North American coasts. Both explorations were signaled in 1502 Cantino planisphere. It was soon understood that Columbus had not reached Asia, but rather found what was to Europeans a New World, which in 1507 was named "America", probably after Amerigo Vespucci, on the Waldseemüller map. In 1500, Pedro Álvares Cabral was sent by Portugal to explore South America. He is considered to be

title: Lorenzo di Pierfrancesco de' Medici

text: Marsilio Ficino, Angelo Poliziano and Giorgio Antonio Vespucci (uncle of the navigator Amerigo Vespucci; Amerigo was a fellow-student and, from the 1483, became an employee and friend of Lorenzo di Pierfrancesco; in the early 1500s, Amerigo Vespucci would send most of his famous letters on the "New World" to Lorenzo di Pierfrancesco). Lorenzo di Pierfrancesco emerged with the reputation as a man of liberal views, a poet and art connoisseur in his own right. In ca. 1485, he commissioned an illuminated manuscript of Dante's "Divine Comedy" featuring artwork by Botticelli. In 1482, Lorenzo il Magnifico arranged for the marriage between

title: Juan Díaz de Solís

text: 1506-1507 and Brazil in 1508 with Vicente Yáñez Pinzón. He became a Pilot-Major of Spain in 1512 following the death of Amerigo Vespucci, and was thereafter commissioned to update the Padrón Real with Juan Vespucci. Two years after appointment to this office, Díaz de Solís prepared an expedition to explore the southern part of the new American continent. His three ships and crew of 70 men sailed from Sanlúcar de Barrameda, in Spain, on 8 October 1515. He followed the eastern coast of South America southward as far as the mouth of the Río de la Plata. He reached and

title: Portuguese colonization of the Americas

text: coast of South America to the bay of present-day Rio de Janeiro. Among his crew was the Florentine Amerigo Vespucci. According to Vespucci, the expedition reached the latitude "South Pole elevation 52° S" in the "cold" latitudes of what is now Patagonia, near the Strait of Magellan, before turning back. Vespucci wrote that they headed toward the southwest-south, following "a long, unbending coastline". This seems controversial, since he changed part of his description in the subsequent letter (stating that around 32° S, they made a shift to open sea, to south-southeast), maintaining, however, that they reached a similar 50° S

title: New World

text: by the Spanish monarchs at Toro in 1505, and continued at Burgos in 1508, to digest all existing information about the Indies, come to an agreement on what had really been discovered, and set out the future goals of Spanish exploration. Amerigo Vespucci attended both conferences, and seems to have had an outsized influence on them – Vespucci ended up being appointed the first "piloto mayor", the chief of the navigation of Spain, at Burgos. Although the proceedings of the Toro-Burgos conferences are missing, it is almost certain that Vespucci articulated his recent "New World" thesis to his fellow navigators

title: Montefioralle

text: Greve in Chianti. The central church is currently undergoing renovations. A house in the circular main street of Montefioralle is pointed out as the birthplace of Amerigo Vespucci. The doorway is identified by the wasp ("vespa") and V of the Vespucci family. Montefioralle Montefioralle is a village in Tuscany, a "frazione" of the "comune" of Greve in Chianti. It is sometimes claimed to be the birthplace of Amerigo Vespucci. The village lies about a mile west of Greve. Town and village were an important stronghold during the wars between Florence and Siena. In 1250 it became the headquarters of the

title: Peretola

text: of Brozzi, until 1928, when the latter's communal status was suppressed and its territories partitioned. Peretola fell into portion assigned to the commune of Florence, and was integrated into the administrative ward of Quartiere 5 (Rifredi). A house in Peretola (No. 8, on the corner of via Peretola and via del Campagnie) is claimed to be the original home of the Vespucci family, and birthplace of the celebrated navigator Amerigo Vespucci (although Amerigo Vespucci was raised in their urban home in the Ognissanti quarter of the city of Florence proper). Peretola is also the native village of Tommaso Masini, nicknamed

title: Amerigo Vespucci

text: new regions which we found and explored ... we may rightly call a new world. Because our ancestors had no knowledge of them, and it will be a matter wholly new to all those who hear about them, for this transcends the view held by our ancients, inasmuch as most of them hold that there is no continent to the south beyond the equator, but only the sea which they named the Atlantic and if some of them did aver that a continent there was, they denied with abundant argument that it was a habitable land. But that this their

title: Agostino Vespucci

text: Agostino Vespucci Agostino Vespucci was an Italian chancellery official, clerk, and assistant to Niccolò Machiavelli, among others. He is most well known for helping to confirm the subject of Leonardo da Vinci's "Mona Lisa" as Lisa del Giocondo, but is also the author of a number of surviving letters and manuscripts. The identity of the young woman in Leonardo's "Mona Lisa" had been difficult to ascertain due to a lack of decisive contemporary sources of information about the painting. This changed upon the discovery of a comment written by Vespucci in the margin of a 1477 edition of Cicero's ",

title: Amerigo Dumini

text: more than a decade in quiet retirement, died at the age of 73 at Rome as the result of a domestic accident. Amerigo Dumini Amerigo Dumini (January 3, 1894 – December 25, 1967) was an American-born Italian fascist hitman who led the group responsible for the 1924 assassination of Unitary Socialist Party leader Giacomo Matteotti. Born in St. Louis, United States, the son of Italian and British immigrants, Amerigo Dumini moved to Italy and in 1913 he joined the army renouncing his US citizenship. During the First World War he was an assault trooper and was severely wounded and decorated.

title: Amerigo Dumini

text: Amerigo Dumini Amerigo Dumini (January 3, 1894 – December 25, 1967) was an American-born Italian fascist hitman who led the group responsible for the 1924 assassination of Unitary Socialist Party leader Giacomo Matteotti. Born in St. Louis, United States, the son of Italian and British immigrants, Amerigo Dumini moved to Italy and in 1913 he joined the army renouncing his US citizenship. During the First World War he was an assault trooper and was severely wounded and decorated. Then he became active in the Fascio of Florence organized by supporters of Benito Mussolini, taking pride in being referred to as

title: Amerigo Bonasera

text: them out and leaving one in an open grave. Amerigo Bonasera Amerigo Bonasera is a fictional character created by Mario Puzo who appears in his novel "The Godfather", as well as Francis Ford Coppola's 1972 film adaptation. Though he is not a major character, he plays a vital role in revealing the merciful side of main character Vito Corleone. The novel opens with the words: "Amerigo Bonasera sat at New York Criminal Court...". The film also starts with his famous line, "I believe in America. America has made my fortune." Bonasera is a proud Italian-American undertaker who tends to keep

title: Amerigo Bonasera

text: Amerigo Bonasera Amerigo Bonasera is a fictional character created by Mario Puzo who appears in his novel "The Godfather", as well as Francis Ford Coppola's 1972 film adaptation. Though he is not a major character, he plays a vital role in revealing the merciful side of main character Vito Corleone. The novel opens with the words: "Amerigo Bonasera sat at New York Criminal Court...". The film also starts with his famous line, "I believe in America. America has made my fortune." Bonasera is a proud Italian-American undertaker who tends to keep away from the Corleone family, knowing they are involved

title: Portrait of Simonetta Vespucci

text: that the inscription of her name at the bottom of the painting may have been added at a later date. Portrait of Simonetta Vespucci Portrait of Simonetta Vespucci is an oil on canvas (57x42 cm) painting by the Italian Renaissance painter Piero di Cosimo, dating from about 1480 or 1490. It is in the Musée Condé in Chantilly, France. Simonetta Vespucci was a Genoese noblewoman who married Marco Vespucci of Florence at the age of either 15 or 16, and who was renowned for being the greatest beauty of her age - certainly of the city of Florence. She was

title: Portrait of Simonetta Vespucci

text: Portrait of Simonetta Vespucci Portrait of Simonetta Vespucci is an oil on canvas (57x42 cm) painting by the Italian Renaissance painter Piero di Cosimo, dating from about 1480 or 1490. It is in the Musée Condé in Chantilly, France. Simonetta Vespucci was a Genoese noblewoman who married Marco Vespucci of Florence at the age of either 15 or 16, and who was renowned for being the greatest beauty of her age - certainly of the city of Florence. She was admired by all of Florence for her beauty, which later became a legend after her premature death in 1476 at

title: Ognissanti, Florence

text: of the Vespucci family" (c. 1472), is reputed to include the portrait of Amerigo Vespucci as a child. When Amerigo found a bay in the actual Brazil, he named to "San Salvatore di Ognissanti", in portugues "San Salvador de Todos os Santos": this is the origin of the name of the city of Salvador and Bahia de Todos os Santos. Over the door to the sacristy is a crucifix in wood by Veit Stoss. Ognissanti, Florence The chiesa di San Salvatore di Ognissanti or more simply chiesa di Ognissanti (; "Church of All Saints"), is a Franciscan church located on

title: Waldseemüller map

text: example, "Serraleona" (Sierra Leone, true latitude about 9°N) is placed south of the equator, and the Cape of Good Hope (true latitude 35°S) is placed at 50°S. The full title of the map is "Universalis cosmographia secundum Ptholomaei traditionem et Americi Vespucii aliorumque lustrationes" (The Universal Cosmography according to the Tradition of Ptolemy and the Discoveries of Amerigo Vespucci and others). One of the "others" was Christopher Columbus. The title signalled his intention to combine or harmonize in a unified cosmographic depiction the traditional Ptolemaic geography of Europe, Asia and Africa with the new geographical information provided by Amerigo Vespucci

title: Gabriel de Vallseca

text: by Henry's captain Gonçalo Velho Cabral), which although incorrectly spaced, are accurately depicted for the first time as strung out from southeast to northwest. The 1439 map is signed "Gabriell de Valsequa la feta en Malorcha, any MCCC.XXX.VIIII". According to a marginal note on the reverse side, this map was once owned by Amerigo Vespucci, who paid 80 gold ducats for it. ("Questa ampia pella di geographia fue pagata da Amerigo Vespuci - LXXX ducati di oro di marco"). It is conjectured Vespucci probably acquired it in Florence in the 1480s, and that he might have even have taken it

title: Noronhomys

text: its semiaquatic lifestyle after arrival at its remote island. Italian explorer Amerigo Vespucci may have seen this animal on his fourth voyage, which took him to Brazil; the "Lettera di Amerigo Vespucci delle Isole Nuovamente in Quattro Suoi Viaggi" recorded that he visited an island just south of the equator on August 10, 1503. On this island, identified as Fernando de Noronha, he saw "very big rats and lizards with two tails, and some snakes". The "Lettera" purports to be an account of Vespucci's voyages, but it is unlikely that he produced it himself and, additionally, his fourth voyage may

title: Names for United States citizens

text: to refer to people from the United States while others, particularly Spanish, primarily use terms derived from United States. There are various other local and colloquial names for Americans. Amerigo Vespucci first demonstrated that Brazil and the West Indies did not represent Asia's eastern outskirts as conjectured by Christopher Columbus, but instead constituted an entirely separate landmass hitherto unknown to the peoples of the Old World. Martin Waldseemüller coined the term America (in honor of Vespucci) in a 1507 world map. First uses of the adjective American referenced European settlements in the New World. Americans referred to the indigenous peoples

title: Naming of the Americas

text: Emeric of Hungary), from the Germanic forenames Amalric and Emmerich (however, the Old High German name "Haimirich" may also be a source), from Proto-Germanic "*amal" (“vigor, bravery”) or "*heim" ("home") + "*rik" (“ruler”). Amerigo Vespucci (March 9, 1454February 22, 1512) was an Italian explorer, financier, navigator and cartographer who first postulated that Brazil and the West Indies did not represent Asia's eastern outskirts as initially conjectured from Columbus' voyages, but instead constituted an entirely separate landmass hitherto unknown to the Europeans. Vespucci was apparently unaware of the use of his name to refer to the new landmass, as Waldseemüller's maps

title: Fernão de Loronha

text: out a follow-up mapping expedition in 1501 to explore the Brazilian coast. The commander of this expedition is unknown, but it was accompanied by Amerigo Vespucci, who wrote an account of it. Some scholars believe that Fernão de Loronha may have actually been the overall captain of this expedition, although others believe it unlikely a prominent and wealthy merchant like Loronha would absent his businesses to go personally command vessels himself, that Loronha's support (if any) was probably only financial. The mapping expedition explored much of the Brazilian eastern coast from Cape São Roque in the northeast down to the

title: 2nd Portuguese India Armada (Cabral, 1500)

text: cosmographer Amerigo Vespucci aboard, to explore and map the coast of Brazil. The exact identity of the captain is uncertain - some speculate it to be Gaspar de Lemos or André Gonçalves, whichever of the two had commanded the supply vessel that had delivered the news in June 1500; others conjecture Lemos/Gonçalves went merely as passengers, and that the expedition itself was commanded by Gonçalo Coelho. Setting out from Lisbon in May 1501, the little Brazilian mapping expedition made a watering stop in early June at "Bezeguiche" (as the bay of Dakar (Senegal) was known to the Portuguese sailors of

title: Gaspar da Gama

text: in India, Gaspar da Gama fulfilled his mission with his interpreter services and knowledge of geopolitics and customs of India important in business meetings of Portuguese and Indian rajas in Calicut and Cochin. He returned on his own will to Portugal with Pedro Álvares Cabral. In 1501, the fleet met the expedition of Gaspar de Lemos appointed by the king of Portugal to explore the newly discovered lands of Brazil, near modern Dakar, Senegal. Talks between Gaspar da Gama and other members of the expedition with the Florentine Amerigo Vespucci who accompanied Gaspar de Lemos certainly strengthened the idea that

title: Amerigo Bartoli Natinguerra

text: amici al caffè", which won an award at the 1930 Biennale of Venice. In 1927, Margherita Sarfatti presented his work at the Exhibition of "Dieci artisti del Novecento Italiano", during the 93rd Exposition of Amatori e Cultori di Belle arti. Amerigo was an avid contributor of both columns and cartoons to publications such as "La Tribuna", "La Lettura", "Gazzetta del Popolo", "Quadrivio", "Omnibus", and "La Fiera Letteraria". From 1938 to 1960, he held a professorship of painting at the Academy of Fine Arts of Rome. Amerigo Bartoli Natinguerra Amerigo Bartoli Natinguerra (Terni, 1890 - Rome, 1971) was an Italian painter,

title: Amerigo Bartoli Natinguerra

text: Amerigo Bartoli Natinguerra Amerigo Bartoli Natinguerra (Terni, 1890 - Rome, 1971) was an Italian painter, caricaturist, and writer. He mainly painted vedute and landscapes, using both oil and water color in subdued earthy tones. He also painted still lifes and portraits. Amerigo as a young man moved to Rome, where he became a pupil of Duilio Cambellotti and Giulio Aristide Sartorio. He displayed works at the 1915 Mostra della Secessione in Rome, and in 1921, at the Biennale di Roma. In 1922, he joined the "gruppo di Valori Plastici", and painted compositions or great simplicity and warm colors, including "Gli

title: What Kate Did

text: 'Dad?' Hurley comments that he did not expect Rose's husband to be white, before Jack quickly changes the subject. The producers felt it was important to address that they are an interracial couple, and that Hurley was saying what the audience would be thinking. Caldwell agreed with them and thought it would be odd if the issue was not addressed. Anderson also was glad that Hurley brought up the issue, and liked that Jack did not pay any attention. The episode gained 21.54 million American viewers in its first airing. What Kate Did "What Kate Did" is the 34th episode

title: Amerigo Gazaway

text: his brother, Rickey Mindlin. Under "The Soul Mates" project, Gazaway’s work has been called “legally iffy” and often uses more than a dozen unauthorized samples from different artist. Frequently facing legal challenges for his work, Gazaway has lectured on what he describes as "overly restrictive and unconstitutionally long copyright laws." at the University of Southern California and a Google Tech Talk: “Redefining the Remix with Amerigo Gazaway”. Gazaway’s first full-length instrumental album, "Selective Hearing Vol. 1", was released in 2010 on the Cold Busted label and charted on Beatport’s top-selling Chill-Out sales Chart. Gazaway released his sophomore project, "Fela Soul",

title: What Katy Did

text: as Dorry, Bryn McAuley as Joanna, and Dean Stockwell as "Tramp". A 1972 UK movie adaptation, "Katy", starred Clare Walker, and the 1962 eight-part TV series made in the UK, also called "Katy", featured rising star Susan Hampshire in the title role. In 2015, author Jacqueline Wilson wrote her novel "Katy", which is a modern retelling of "What Katy Did". The August 2016 edition of Storytime featured a new illustrated adaptation with illustrations by Italian artist Marco Guadalupi. "What Katy Did" was followed by four sequels: "What Katy Did at School" in which Katy and Clover attend the fictional Hillsover

title: What We Did

text: quietest albums in Michael Gira’s catalog." What We Did What We Did is a collaborative studio album by Swans frontman Michael Gira and Windsor for the Derby member Dan Matz. It was released on November 13, 2001 through Gira's Young God Records label. "What We Did" has a considerably more pop-oriented and accessible sound, compared to Gira's other solo works. The majority of the lyrics on the album was written by Matz. Allmusic critic Thom Jurek described the album as "a finely wrought album of relayed styles and layered textures enfolding one another into a music that could have only

title: What We Did

text: What We Did What We Did is a collaborative studio album by Swans frontman Michael Gira and Windsor for the Derby member Dan Matz. It was released on November 13, 2001 through Gira's Young God Records label. "What We Did" has a considerably more pop-oriented and accessible sound, compared to Gira's other solo works. The majority of the lyrics on the album was written by Matz. Allmusic critic Thom Jurek described the album as "a finely wrought album of relayed styles and layered textures enfolding one another into a music that could have only been made by these two men,

title: Simonetta Vespucci

text: Piero di Cosimo titled "Portrait of a woman, said to be of Simonetta Vespucci", which portrays a woman as Cleopatra, with an asp around her neck. Yet how closely this resembles Simonetta is uncertain, not least because it is a posthumous portrait created about 14 years after her death. (Worth noting as well is the fact that Piero di Cosimo was only 14 years old the year of Simonetta's death.) The museum that currently houses this painting, the Musée Condé, questions the identity of its alleged subject and titles it "Portrait of a woman, said to be of Simonetta Vespucci",

title: Agostino Vespucci

text: during this period Leonardo had taken a commission from Francesco del Giocondo to paint his wife, "'." Here "Mona" was not intended as a name, but as an abbreviation of ', the Italian literary form of "Lady". Agostino Vespucci Agostino Vespucci was an Italian chancellery official, clerk, and assistant to Niccolò Machiavelli, among others. He is most well known for helping to confirm the subject of Leonardo da Vinci's "Mona Lisa" as Lisa del Giocondo, but is also the author of a number of surviving letters and manuscripts. The identity of the young woman in Leonardo's "Mona Lisa" had been

title: Agostino Vespucci

text: to terms about with the gonfaloniere. October 1503.") In the comment Vespucci notes a similarity of style between Leonardo and the renowned ancient Greek painter Apelles, in that both artists would first render the head and shoulders of subjects in extraordinary detail before continuing with the rest of the painting. As an example Vespucci lists Leonardo's work on the portrait of "Lisa del Giocondo," and dates his comment "October 1503." The inclusion of the name and date allowed validation with a later known (but often unreliable) source published in 1550 and written by art historian Giorgio Vasari, who states that

title: What Katy Did

text: School (set in Hanover, New Hampshire); "What Katy Did Next", in which a new friend of Katy's takes her on a once-in-a-lifetime trip to Europe; "Clover", in which Katy is married and Clover accompanies her brother Phil to Colorado after he falls ill; and "In the High Valley", which shows the lives of a handful of young people living in the High Valley in Colorado, including Clover, Elsie and their husbands. What Katy Did What Katy Did is an 1872 children's book written by Sarah Chauncey Woolsey under her pen name Susan Coolidge. It follows the adventures of a twelve-year-old

title: Amerigo Thodé

text: enter the Estates. When Gilmar Pisas became Prime Minister in March 2017 Thodé returned to the Estates on 24 March and once more became President. Amerigo Thodé Amerigo C.M. Thodé (born 27 July 1950) is a Curaçaoan politician of the Movement for the Future of Curaçao (MFK). He serves as President of the Estates of Curaçao since 24 March 2017. He previously served as President between November and December 2012. In the 2000s Thodé served as secretary-general of the Party Workers' Liberation Front 30 May (FOL). He later switched to Movement for the Future of Curaçao. At the first meeting

title: Amerigo Thodé

text: Amerigo Thodé Amerigo C.M. Thodé (born 27 July 1950) is a Curaçaoan politician of the Movement for the Future of Curaçao (MFK). He serves as President of the Estates of Curaçao since 24 March 2017. He previously served as President between November and December 2012. In the 2000s Thodé served as secretary-general of the Party Workers' Liberation Front 30 May (FOL). He later switched to Movement for the Future of Curaçao. At the first meeting of the Estates of Curaçao on 10 October 2010 Thodé was elected Vice President. On 2 November 2012 Thodé was elected President of the Estates.

title: Amerigo Gazaway

text: musician’s catalogues. The resulting product has been described by the Los Angeles Times as “drawing a different design within a similar framework.” Amerigo Gazaway Amerigo Gazaway (born November 9, 1985) is an American producer, emcee and DJ known for remixes, original instrumentals and digital sampling. He is best known for his documentary style conceptual collaboration albums which have incorporated the music of A Tribe Called Quest, The Pharcyde, Fela Kuti, De La Soul, Marvin Gaye, Yasiin Bey, James Brown and others. In 2014, his Yasiin Bey/Marvin Gaye remix "You Are Undeniable" was used in an Apple iPad commercial. and charted

title: Amerigo Gazaway

text: Amerigo Gazaway Amerigo Gazaway (born November 9, 1985) is an American producer, emcee and DJ known for remixes, original instrumentals and digital sampling. He is best known for his documentary style conceptual collaboration albums which have incorporated the music of A Tribe Called Quest, The Pharcyde, Fela Kuti, De La Soul, Marvin Gaye, Yasiin Bey, James Brown and others. In 2014, his Yasiin Bey/Marvin Gaye remix "You Are Undeniable" was used in an Apple iPad commercial. and charted on Billboard’s best-selling singles. Gazaway was born in Nashville, Tennessee on November 9, 1985. He is the son of internationally known jazz

title: Amerigo Tot

text: Farkasréti Cemetery in Budapest. Amerigo Tot Amerigo Tot (born Imre Tóth; 27 September 1909 – 13 December 1984) was a Hungarian sculptor and occasional actor. He was born in Fehérvárcsurgó, Austria-Hungary and moved to Rome, where he lived for the rest of his life. He studied in Budapest under Ferenc Helbing and György Leszkovszky from 1926 until 1928, and at the Bauhaus in Germany . As the Nazis came to power he moved to Rome and worked sculpting memorials on a stipend from the Roman Hungarian Academy, where he eventually became an adviser. He fought in the Italian resistance movement

title: Amerigo Tot

text: Amerigo Tot Amerigo Tot (born Imre Tóth; 27 September 1909 – 13 December 1984) was a Hungarian sculptor and occasional actor. He was born in Fehérvárcsurgó, Austria-Hungary and moved to Rome, where he lived for the rest of his life. He studied in Budapest under Ferenc Helbing and György Leszkovszky from 1926 until 1928, and at the Bauhaus in Germany . As the Nazis came to power he moved to Rome and worked sculpting memorials on a stipend from the Roman Hungarian Academy, where he eventually became an adviser. He fought in the Italian resistance movement starting in 1943. He

title: Amerigo Tot

text: first received international recognition for his work on the frieze in Roma Termini station. He began doing abstract works in the 1950s. He returned home to Hungary several times, including 1937, 1939 and in 1969 which was a long prepared step from the side of the Hungarian communist culture-buro. At home he was a highly celebrated "world famous" artist. He had big exhibitions. He did traditional works, including a Madonna sculpture in his hometown, and very famous abstract sculptures, public monuments too, like Microcosm in Macrocosm (a tribute to Béla Bartók), His Majesty, the Kilowatt in Kecskemét. The Amerigo Tot

title: What Katy Did Next

text: Mrs. Ashe's brother, Ned, they fell in love. When Katy got home, she received a letter from Ned and blushed and ran to her room, leaving Clover and the reader thinking that Katy and Ned may get married in the future. What Katy Did Next What Katy Did Next (1886) is a children's book by Sarah Chauncey Woolsey, working under the pen name Susan Coolidge. It follows the stories "What Katy Did" (1872) and "What Katy Did At School" (1873) and tells the adventures of Katy Carr as she travels to Europe. The book opens by reintroducing the Carr family

title: What Katy Did Next

text: What Katy Did Next What Katy Did Next (1886) is a children's book by Sarah Chauncey Woolsey, working under the pen name Susan Coolidge. It follows the stories "What Katy Did" (1872) and "What Katy Did At School" (1873) and tells the adventures of Katy Carr as she travels to Europe. The book opens by reintroducing the Carr family and introducing the widow Mrs. Ashe. Mrs. Ashe has her nephew, Walter, over for a visit and it is discovered that he has scarlet fever. Anxious that her only daughter Amy should not contract the disease, Amy is sent to live

title: What Katy Did

text: Cousin Helen: Papa's niece; she cannot walk because of an accident years ago. Despite her suffering she is amusing, cheerful, and kind; just what Katy wants to be. After Katy's accident, Cousin Helen helps her adjust to her illness. Susan Coolidge shared her publisher, Roberts Brothers, with Louisa May Alcott, and "What Katy Did" helped satisfy the demand for naturalistic novels about girlhood that followed the 1868 success of "Little Women". Like Alcott, Coolidge heightened the realism of her novel by drawing on her own childhood memories. "What Katy Did" also illustrates social shifts. First the novel depicts the treatment

title: I Did What I Did for Maria

text: I Did What I Did for Maria "I Did What I Did for Maria" is a song recorded by English singer Tony Christie. It was written and produced by Mitch Murray and Peter Callander, who were also responsible for Christie's "Las Vegas" and "Avenues and Alleyways". The song is about a widower who, on the eve of his execution, recalls how he remorselessly avenged his dead wife, hence the title. It was a number 2 UK hit in June 1971, and was also a hit in Ireland, where it also reached number 2. The track later appeared on Christie's compilation