query: where the seneca indians lived?

title: Seneca Nation of Indians v. Christy

text: Seneca Nation of Indians v. Christy Seneca Nation of Indians v. Christy, 162 U.S. 283 (1896), was the first litigation of aboriginal title in the United States by a tribal plaintiff in the Supreme Court of the United States since "Cherokee Nation v. Georgia" (1831). It was the first such litigation by an indigenous plaintiff since "Fellows v. Blacksmith" (1857) and its companion case of "New York ex rel. Cutler v. Dibble" (1858). The New York courts held that the 1788 Phelps and Gorham Purchase did not violate the Nonintercourse Act, one of the provisions of which prohibits purchases of

title: Seneca people

text: Bare Hill is part of the Bare Hill Unique Area, which began to be acquired by the state in 1989. Bare Hill had been the site of a Seneca or pre-Seneca indigenous fort. The first written reference to this fort was made in 1825 by David Cusick in his history of the Seneca Indians. In the early 1920s, the material that made up the Bare Hill fort was used by the Town of Middlesex highway department for road fill. The Seneca traditionally lived in what is now New York state between the Genesee River and Canandaigua Lake. The dating of

title: Seneca people

text: retaining ten reservations for themselves. The sale opened up the rest of Western New York for settlement by European Americans. On January 15, 1838, the US and some Seneca leaders signed the Treaty of Buffalo Creek, by which the Seneca were to relocate to a tract of land west of the state of Missouri, but most refused to go. The majority of the Seneca in New York formed a modern elected government, the Seneca Nation of Indians, in 1848. The Tonawanda Band of Seneca Indians split off, choosing to keep a traditional form of tribal government. Both tribes are federally

title: Tonawanda Band of Seneca

text: Tonawanda Band of Seneca The Tonawanda Band of Seneca Indians is a federally recognized tribe in the State of New York. They have maintained the traditional form of government led by hereditary Seneca chiefs ("sachems") selected by clan mothers. The Seneca are one of the original Five Nations (later six) of the "Haudenosaunee" or Iroquois Confederacy. Their people speak the Seneca language, an Iroquoian language. The Tonawanda Band is one of two federally recognized Seneca tribes in Western New York; the other is the Seneca Nation of Indians. The latter approved a republican constitution in 1848, electing a council and

title: Isaac Seneca

text: In a 1960 feature article about the Carlisle Indians, "Sports Illustrated" noted that the accomplishments of Seneca and Thorpe created an "ageless myth" for the American Indians:"There was an element of grandeur, something almost mythological, in the rise of the Carlisle Indians to national and then to world fame ... And the Indians had an incentive to save their people as poignant as any in history. Isaac Seneca, for instance, came from a New York tribe that was down to 2,700 survivors. There were only about 600 left in the Oklahoma tribe to which Jim Thorpe belonged. Their tribes were

title: Seneca people

text: provisions of the treaty regarding taxation was only with regard to property taxes. The New York Court of Appeals on December 1, 1994 affirmed the lower court's decision. The Seneca have refused to extend these benefits and price advantages to non-Indians, in their own words "has little sympathy for outsiders" who desire to do so, They have tried to prosecute non-Indians who have attempted to claim the price advantages of the Seneca while operating a business on the reservation. Little Valley businessman Lloyd Long operated two Uni-Marts on the reservation which were owned by a Seneca woman. He was arrested

title: Seneca people

text: the upper Delaware watershed of New York and Pennsylvania became home of the Minnisink Indians moving north and northwest from New Jersey, and of Esopus Indians moving west from the Mid-Hudson valley. By 1712, the Esopus Indians were reported to have reached the east Pepacton branch of the Delaware River, on the western slopes of the Catskill Mountains. From 1720 to the 1750s, the Seneca resettled and assimilated the Munsee into their people and the Confederacy. Historical accounts had noted the difficulties encountered by the Seneca during this period and noted a dissolution of their traditional society under pressure of

title: Seneca language

text: tell him). Eight years old was "Kanöhka'itawi"'. When they told him what the Indians tried to do... (the story was not finished). Seneca language Seneca (; in Seneca, "Onödowá'ga:" or "Onötowá'ka:") is the language of the Seneca people, one of the Six Nations of the Iroquois League; it is an Iroquoian language, spoken at the time of contact in the western portion of New York. While the name "Seneca", attested as early as the seventeenth century, is of obscure origins, the endonym "Onödowá'ga:" translates to "those of the big hill." About 10,000 Seneca live in the United States and Canada,

title: Seneca people

text: to manage its operations. The Seneca Nation of Indians owns and operates two casinos on its territory in New York State: one in Niagara Falls called Seneca Niagara and the other in Salamanca, called Seneca Allegany. Construction began on a third, the Seneca Buffalo Creek Casino, in downtown Buffalo. In 2007 the Seneca opened a temporary casino on its land in Buffalo after federal approval, to satisfy its agreement with the state. Some citizens have opposed all Indian gambling, but especially the Buffalo location. Additional controversy has been engendered because there were questions about whether the Seneca-controlled land met other

title: Seneca Village

text: where the residents of Seneca Village resettled. To date, no living descendants of Seneca Villagers have been identified. Of the 13,000 Black New Yorkers, 91 Black New York residents were qualified to vote, and 10 lived in Seneca Village. The purchase of land by Blacks came to play out significantly in their political engagement. Blacks in Seneca Village were extremely politically engaged in proportion to the rest of New York. In order to vote, a male needed "a $250 freehold estate and three years of residency in the state." Talks of a centralized park in Manhattan became serious in 1848,

title: Seneca Allegany Casino

text: Seneca Allegany Casino Seneca Allegany Casino is a resort, hotel, and casino in Salamanca, New York. It is owned by the Seneca Nation of Indians, through its holding company Seneca Gaming Corporation. The complex consists of of gaming space, a spa, six restaurants, and has 413 hotel rooms. The Seneca Allegany Events Center, a multi-purpose facility that can host up to 2,400 guests, is also located on the property. In 2015, the Seneca Allegany Casino was awarded AAA Four Diamond Award status for the seventh consecutive year. Within the resort is an events center that serves as a regular concert

title: Seneca people

text: of New York believes that the tribe's sales of cigarettes by Internet are illegal. It also believes that the state has the authority to tax non-Indians who patronize Seneca businesses, a principle which the Seneca reject. Seneca President Barry Snyder has defended the price advantage as an issue of sovereignty. Secondly, he has cited the Treaty of Canandaigua and Treaty of Buffalo Creek as the basis of Seneca exemption from collecting taxes on cigarettes to pay the state. The Appellate Division of the New York Supreme Court, Third Department had rejected this conclusion in 1994. The court held that the

title: Seneca people

text: recognized in the United States. While it is not known exactly how many Seneca there are, approximately 10,000 Seneca live near Lake Erie. About 7,800 people are citizens of the Seneca Nation of Indians. These members live or work on five reservations in New York: the Allegany (which contains the city of Salamanca); the Cattaraugus near Gowanda, New York; the Buffalo Creek Territory located in downtown Buffalo; the Niagara Falls Territory located in Niagara Falls, New York; and the Oil Springs Reservation, near Cuba. Few Seneca reside at the Oil Springs, Buffalo Creek, or Niagara territories due to the small

title: Seneca people

text: amount of land at each. The last two territories are held and used specifically for the gaming casinos which the tribe has developed. The Tonawanda Band of Seneca Indians has about 1,200 citizens who live on their Tonawanda Reservation near Akron, New York. The third federally recognized tribe is the Seneca-Cayuga Tribe of Oklahoma who live near Miami, Oklahoma. They are descendants of Seneca and Cayuga who had migrated from New York into Ohio before the Revolutionary War, under pressure from European encroachment. They were removed to Indian Territory west of the Mississippi River in the 1830s. Many Seneca and

title: Seneca people

text: credit card companies, tobacco companies, and delivery services to try to gain agreement to reject handling Seneca cigarette purchases by consumers. Another attempt at collecting taxes on gasoline and cigarettes sold to non-Indians was set to begin March 1, 2006; but it was tabled by the State Department of Taxation and Finance. Shortly after March 1, 2006, other parties began proceedings to compel the State of New York to enforce its tax laws on sales to non-Indians on Indian land. Seneca County filed a suit which was dismissed. The New York State Association of Convenience Stores filed a similar suit,

title: Seneca-Cayuga Nation

text: the Cayuga suffered in New York as a result of the 1794 Treaty of Canandaigua. Similarly, the Seneca–Cayuga Nation attempted to intervene in the land claim suit which the Seneca Nation of Indians brought against New York. This related to land around Cuba, New York. Again, the courts ruled that the Seneca–Cayuga had no standing in a case with roots in treaties between the Seneca Nation and the state of New York following the American Revolution, as their ancestors had left the state and settled in Ohio well before that time. The Seneca Nation of New York ultimately reached a

title: Seneca Nation of New York

text: Seneca heritage is evident in the ceremonies, practices, and cultural events that are infused with dance, music and song, arts, crafts and traditional foods that honor and celebrate Seneca culture. Seneca Nation of New York The Seneca Nation of Indians is a federally recognized Seneca tribe based in western New York. They are one of three federally recognized Seneca entities in the United States, the others being the Tonawanda Band of Seneca (also in western New York) and the Seneca-Cayuga Nation of Oklahoma. Some Seneca also live with other Iroquois peoples on the Six Nations of the Grand River in

title: Seneca Nation of New York

text: Seneca Nation of New York The Seneca Nation of Indians is a federally recognized Seneca tribe based in western New York. They are one of three federally recognized Seneca entities in the United States, the others being the Tonawanda Band of Seneca (also in western New York) and the Seneca-Cayuga Nation of Oklahoma. Some Seneca also live with other Iroquois peoples on the Six Nations of the Grand River in Ontario. The Seneca Nation has three reservations, two of which are occupied: Cattaraugus Reservation, Allegany Indian Reservation, and the mostly unpopulated Oil Springs Reservation. It has two alternating capitals on

title: Seneca people

text: Seneca people The Seneca () are a group of indigenous Iroquoian-speaking people native to North America who historically lived south of Lake Ontario. They were the nation located farthest to the west within the Six Nations or Iroquois League (Haudenosaunee) in New York before the American Revolution. In the 21st century, more than 10,000 Seneca live in the United States, which has three federally recognized Seneca tribes. Two are in New York: the Seneca Nation of New York, with two reservations in western New York near Buffalo; and the Tonawanda Band of Seneca Native Americans. The Seneca-Cayuga Nation is located

title: Seneca people

text: funds from such operations were earmarked for education or other worthy goals. Native American tribes asserted their right to run similar activities. With the US Supreme Court decision ruling in the late 1980s that federally recognized Native American tribes could establish gaming on their sovereign reservations, the Seneca Nation began to develop its gambling industry. It began, as states and other tribes did, with bingo. In 2002, the Seneca Nation of Indians signed a Gaming Compact with the State of New York to cooperate in the establishment of three class III gambling facilities (casinos). It established the Seneca Gaming Corporation

title: Seneca people

text: writing for High Times, "Members of the Seneca Nation of Indians in western New York state voted up a referendum Nov. 3 giving tribal leaders approval to move towards setting up a medical marijuana business on their territories. The measure passed by a vote of 448-364, giving the Seneca Nation Council the power to draft laws and regulations allowing the manufacture, use and distribution of cannabis for medical purposes. "A decision on our Nation's path of action on medical cannabis is far from made", cautioned Seneca President Maurice A. John Sr. in comments to the "Buffalo News". "But now, having

title: Seneca people

text: after investigation by federal authorities at the behest of the Seneca Nation. In 2011 he was ordered by the court to pay more than one million dollars in restitution and serve five years on probation. In 1997, New York State had attempted to enforce taxation on reservation sales of gasoline and cigarettes to non-Indians. Numerous Seneca had protested by setting fire to tires and cutting off traffic to Interstate 90 and New York State Route 17 (the future Interstate 86). Then Attorney General Eliot Spitzer attempted to cut off the Seneca Tribe's internet cigarette sales. His office negotiated directly with

title: Tonawanda Band of Seneca

text: to the Chief on matters of tribal government. The clan mothers cannot disregard the views of the clan, nor can the Chiefs disregard the recommendations of the clan mothers." Tonawanda Band of Seneca The Tonawanda Band of Seneca Indians is a federally recognized tribe in the State of New York. They have maintained the traditional form of government led by hereditary Seneca chiefs ("sachems") selected by clan mothers. The Seneca are one of the original Five Nations (later six) of the "Haudenosaunee" or Iroquois Confederacy. Their people speak the Seneca language, an Iroquoian language. The Tonawanda Band is one of

title: Seneca Village

text: founded in the 1830s, also served as a community center in Seneca Village. When the community was razed, the Church relocated to the corner of 81st Street and Eleventh Avenue (West End Avenue). There was a school located in a church where 17-year-old Catherine Thompson taught the Village's children. In 1855, a New York State Census found that Seneca Village had 264 residents. At this time in New York City's history, most of the city's population lived below 14th Street, and the region above 59th Street was only sporadically developed, and was semi-rural or rural in character. No one knows

title: Seneca people

text: religious broadcasters. Many Seneca people are employed in the local economy of the region as professionals, including lawyers, professors, physicians, police officers, teachers, social workers, nurses, and managers . Seneca people The Seneca () are a group of indigenous Iroquoian-speaking people native to North America who historically lived south of Lake Ontario. They were the nation located farthest to the west within the Six Nations or Iroquois League (Haudenosaunee) in New York before the American Revolution. In the 21st century, more than 10,000 Seneca live in the United States, which has three federally recognized Seneca tribes. Two are in New

title: Tonawanda Band of Seneca

text: changes, and seceded from the main Seneca nation in New York. They reorganized and re-established their traditional government with a council of chiefs representing each of their eight clans. In 1857, under the "Treaty with the Seneca, Tonawanda Band", the Tonawanda Band of Seneca Indians secured federal recognition as an independent Indian nation. With their share of proceeds from the earlier land sale, they bought back most of the Tonawanda Reservation. Under their traditional government, hereditary chiefs typically served for life. They governed by a consensus of leaders of the clans, which formed the basis of the band. The Seneca

title: 1896 Carlisle Indians football team

text: 1896 Carlisle Indians football team The 1896 Carlisle Indians football team represented the Carlisle Indians football team of the Carlisle Indian Industrial School during the 1896 college football season. The Indians were coached by Bill Hickok in his 1st year as head coach. The team compiled a record of 5–5 and outscored opponents 164 to 102. Carlisle played games against college football's "Big Four" (Harvard, Yale, Princeton, and Penn) and nearly defeated Yale. "The New York Times" reported on a run by Isaac Seneca that nearly won the game against Yale:"Seneca was given the ball to go through the centre.

title: Seneca Nation of Indians v. Christy

text: the United States Senate was never consulted and never ratified the treaty, as required for treaties with Native American nations. In 1827, the money was deposited in Ontario Bank in Canandaigua, New York, and in 1855 it was paid to the United States treasury, which began remitting the interest to the Seneca Nation. The Seneca Nation could not have brought the lawsuit until 1845, when the New York legislature granted the nation the right to bring suits in courts of law and equity. The Seneca filed a petition with the Bureau of Indian Affairs on January 5, 1881, requesting restoration

title: Seneca people

text: to the Seneca homeland. The Seneca took over the vanquished tribe’s traditional territories in western New York. (Parker at pp 36–52; Merrill at pp. 78–83.) In 1675, the Seneca defeated the Andaste/Susquehannock to the south and southeast. The Confederacy’s hegemony extended along the frontier from Canada to Ohio, deep into Pennsylvania, along the Mohawk Valley and into the lower Hudson in the east. They sought peace with the Algonquian-speaking Mohegan (Mahican), who lived along the Hudson River. Within the Confederacy, Seneca power and presence extended from Canada to what would become Pittsburgh, east to the future Lackawanna and into the

title: Seneca Nation of New York

text: the two occupied reservations: Irving at Cattaraugus Reservation, and Jimerson Town near Salamanca on the Allegany Reservation. A fourth territory "de facto" governed by the nation, the Cornplanter Tract in Pennsylvania, officially expired in 1957 and was flooded in 1965. The government of this tribe was established in 1848 by a Constitutional Convention of Seneca Indians residing on the Allegany and Cattaraugus Territories in present-day New York. The Seneca Nation of Indians Constitution established a tri-partite governing structure based on general elections of 16 Councilors, three Executives (President, Treasurer, Clerk), and Court justices (Surrogates and Peacemakers). These elections are held

title: Seneca Nation of New York

text: of Seneca Indians. That tribe has retained the traditional native government of hereditary chiefs chosen by clan mothers from the maternal lines responsible for such leadership. Such hereditary leaders were deposed in the 1848 convention of the Seneca Nation of New York. They and followers split off and organized the Tonawanda Band, later gaining federal recognition. Women were denied the right to vote in Seneca elections until the early 1960s. The tribe's male voters had rejected female suffrage in three consecutive referenda in the 1950s, all rejected with widespread opposition from the Allegany Reservation, before the referendum passed. Since the

title: Seneca Nation of New York

text: In the 21st century, the Seneca Nation of Indians in New York has a total enrolled population of nearly 8,000 citizens. Its territories are generally rural, with several residential areas. Many Seneca citizens live off-territory, and some are located across the country, as well as in other countries. Off-territory residents, who often work in the urban areas that provide more jobs, comprise nearly 1/2 of the enrolled citizens. These off-territory members are eligible to vote and are often bussed in during elections. The Seneca Nation's republican form of government stands in contrast to that of the federally recognized Tonawanda Band

title: Cayuga–Seneca Canal

text: The Cayuga–Seneca Canal officially begins at the confluence of the Seneca and Clyde rivers near Mays Point. The connection to Cayuga Lake is just east of Lock CS1, where the mean surface elevation is 382 feet (116.5 m). From there, the canal makes a sharp turn westward and continues towards Seneca Lake, where the mean elevation at the western terminus is 445 feet (135.7 m). Cayuga–Seneca Canal The Cayuga–Seneca Canal is a canal in New York, United States. It is now part of the New York State Canal System. The Cayuga–Seneca Canal connects the Erie Canal to Cayuga Lake and

title: Seneca Nation of Indians v. Christy

text: County, New York on October 13, 1885. The Seneca requested the ejectment of Harrison B. Christy from 100 acres of land in the town of Brant, New York (purchased from the Ogden Land Company), known as the "mile strip." These lands were formerly part of the Cattaraugus Indian Reservation, as established by the New York Treaty of Big Tree (1797). The Seneca contended that the purchase was invalid because the treaty was not approved by the Senate, as required by the Constitution; therefore it violated the Nonintercourse Act. Christy's "answer consisted of a general denial, the plea of the statute

title: Seneca Nation of Indians v. Christy

text: and possession of certain lands related to the Phelps and Gorham Purchase. This petition was ignored by the BIA. The Seneca hired the lawyer James Clark Strong to represent them, a "prominent lawyer and civic-minded resident of Buffalo." Strong was a former lieutenant colonel in the Union army (brevetted to general after the war). He had a permanent limp from his wounds in the American Civil War. At the law practice of his brother, John C. Strong, he had also represented the Cayuga in a claim against New York state. The Seneca brought suit in the Circuit Court of Erie

title: Seneca-Cayuga Nation

text: and industry profits into their community, since the late 20th century and passage of Indian gaming laws, the Seneca–Cayuga Tribe has gone from being a destitute people to enjoying a fair amount of social prosperity. The tribe issues its own tribal vehicle tags. Their estimated annual economic impact is $751,000. In 2009, they made $98,000 in charitable donations. The Seneca, or Onödowága (meaning "People of the Great Hill"), traditionally lived in what is now New York between the Genesee River and Canandaigua Lake. The name Cayuga (Gayogohó:no') means "People of the Great Swamp" and they also lived in what was

title: Seneca Falls Convention

text: five votes were placed calling for Lucretia Mott to be Smith's vice-president—the first time in the United States that a woman was suggested for federal executive office. Many members of the Religious Society of Friends, known as Quakers, made their homes in western New York state, near Seneca Falls. A particularly progressive branch lived in and around Waterloo in Seneca County, New York. These Quakers strove for marital relationships in which men and women worked and lived in equality. The M'Clintocks came to Waterloo from a Quaker community in Philadelphia. They rented property from Richard P. Hunt, a wealthy Quaker

title: Seneca-Cayuga Nation

text: claims to the Cayuga Reservation over the members and descendants who have lived there for generations. The Seneca–Cayuga Tribe asserted that its members were equally descendants of the Cayuga Nation. But the U.S. Indian Claims Commission in "Strong v. United States" (1973) ruled that ancestors of the Seneca–Cayuga were not a party to the treaties between the Cayuga Nation and New York. Their ancestors had already left the state before 1794, when the treaties were made following the American Revolution. Therefore, the Claims Commission found that the Seneca–Cayuga should not have any claim based on the loss of land that

title: Seneca people

text: disease and encroachment by European Americans. But fieldwork at the 1715-1754 Seneca Townley-Read site near Geneva, New York, has recovered evidence of "substantial Seneca autonomy, selectivity, innovation, and opportunism in an era usually considered to be one of cultural disintegration". In 1756, the Confederacy directed the Munsee to settle in a new satellite town in Seneca territory called Assinisink (where Corning developed) on the Chemung River. In this period, they developed satellite towns for war captives who were being assimilated near several of their major towns. The Seneca received some of the Munsee's war prisoners as part of their negotiations.

title: Seneca-Cayuga Nation

text: later known as western New York. Both tribes were part of the Iroquoian languages family. The Seneca were the largest tribe of the Five Nations (or League of the Iroquois) who traditionally lived in New York. The Five Nations were the Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga and Seneca. The latter were the westernmost nation, known as "Keepers of the Western Door." When the Tuscarora joined the Iroquois Confederation in 1722, after migrating from North Carolina, the confederacy was known as the Six Nations. The Tuscarora were also an Iroquoian-language people who had migrated to the South centuries before. They were driven

title: Seneca Ray Stoddard

text: "The Midnight Sun". In 1906, he started "Stoddard's Northern Monthly", a short-lived magazine that featured articles on the Adirondacks, fiction and foreign travel. Stoddard died at his home in Glens Falls, New York, April 26, 1917, and is interred in Pineview Cemetery. The majority of Stoddard's life work in photographs is split into two large collections, one at the Chapman Historical Museum in Glens Falls, and the other at the Adirondack Museum in Blue Mountain Lake, New York. Seneca Ray Stoddard Seneca Ray Stoddard (1844–1917) was an American landscape photographer known for his photographs of New York's Adirondack Mountains. He

title: Seneca Village

text: during the campaign. But the supremacy of the law was upheld by the policeman’s bludgeons.” There are few records of where residents went after their eviction and the community was destroyed. As workers were uprooting trees at the new entrance of Central Park in 1871, on the corner of 85th Street and 8th Avenue, they came upon two coffins, both containing Black people from Seneca Village. The Seneca Village project, which formed in 1998, is dedicated to raising awareness about Seneca Village's significance as a free, middle-class black community in 19th century New York City. The project facilitates educational programs,

title: Seneca-Cayuga Nation

text: out by warfare with other tribes and English colonists. In the mid to late 18th century, a confederation of Iroquois Indian bands was pushed west from throughout the Northeast. Its members moved west to escape encroachment by the colonists. It included the Mingo (from the upper Ohio River), Susquehannock, Cayuga, Mohawk, Oneida, Tuscarora, Onondaga and the Seneca of Sandusky (who had lived in New York at the outset of the American Revolution). After the Revolutionary War, some of the Cayuga moved to Ohio, where the US granted them a reservation along the Sandusky River. They were joined there by the

title: Seneca people

text: of the war beyond the scope of New York. A letter from 1782 written by George Washington to John Hanson described intelligence captured from the British. In the letter, British soldiers encounter a group of Native Americans, and a discussion ensues. A soldier by the name of Campbell informs the Native Americans that the war ended and the Americans expressed their sorrow for the war. However, an unknown Seneca sachem informed the British "that the Americans and [F]rench had beat the English, that the latter could no longer carry on the War, and that the Indians knew it well, and

title: Seneca people

text: American nations. The lands consisted of Grand Island and several smaller islands in the Niagara River. In November 1993, the Tonawanda Band of Seneca Indians moved to join the claim as a plaintiff; it was granted standing as a plaintiff. In 1998, the United States intervened in the lawsuits on behalf of the plaintiffs in the claim. This was to allow the claim to proceed against New York; the state had asserted that it was immune from suit under the Eleventh Amendment to the United States Constitution. After extensive negotiations and pre-trial procedures, all parties to the claim moved for

title: Seneca Nation of Indians v. Christy

text: in "Oneida Indian Nation of N.Y. State v. Oneida County" (1974), known as "Oneida I", and "Oneida County v. Oneida Indian Nation of N.Y. State" (1985), known as "Oneida II", which held that there is a federal common law cause of action for ejectment based upon aboriginal title for which there is federal subject-matter jurisdiction. Therefore, Indian tribes no longer have to rely on state statutes for a cause of action. In the words of Prof. Hauptman, "Oneida I" "overturned one hundred forty-three years of American law." Seneca Nation of Indians v. Christy Seneca Nation of Indians v. Christy, 162

title: Seneca Glass Company

text: Seneca County. While most of Fostoria is in Seneca County, the Seneca Glass South Vine Street plant was located in Hancock County, a few blocks west of the Seneca County border. The shareholders of the new glass company named their firm after the Seneca Indians. Otto Jaeger assembled an experienced and highly skilled workforce for the Seneca Glass Company. Fostoria Glass Company took only 60 employees to West Virginia, leaving over half of its workforce in Fostoria. Many of these workers sought employment with the Seneca Glass Company—where they could continue to work in the same (South Vine Street) factory.

title: Seneca Nation of Indians v. Christy

text: by government or the Indians, it must at this late day be assumed, until the contrary is quite clearly made to appear, that the contract in that respect was performed. Finally, the court noted: The plaintiff not being a corporation, and having no such corporate name, could not at common law maintain an action. This right, however, was more than 40 years ago conferred by statute, which, among other things, provides that the Seneca Nation of Indians may maintain any action of ejectment to recover the possession of any part of the Allegany and Cattaraugus reservations unlawfully withheld from them.

title: Seneca, Illinois

text: a band of Kickapoo Indians. A wooden cross marks the spot where Illinois’ first martyr to the Catholic faith is believed to have died (which is located next to St. Patricks Catholic Church). Seneca was first settled by Jeremiah Crotty, an entrepreneur and contractor who helped build the Illinois and Michigan Canal. Crotty built the first residence in 1850 and established the town in 1854 with a post office in his name. Residents retained the name Crotty Town until 1957, when they incorporated the town as Seneca. Before 1957 Seneca was known as Crotty in paper but known locally as

title: Seneca the Elder

text: Seneca the Elder Lucius, or Marcus, Annaeus Seneca, known as Seneca the Elder and Seneca the Rhetorician (; 54 BC – c. 39 AD), was a Roman rhetorician and writer, born of a wealthy equestrian family of Cordoba, Hispania. Seneca lived through the reigns of three significant emperors; Augustus (ruled 27 BC – 14 AD), Tiberius (ruled 14 AD – 37 AD) and Caligula (ruled 37 AD – 41 AD). He was the father of Lucius Junius Gallio Annaeanus and the stoic philosopher Seneca the Younger ("Lucius") who was tutor of Nero. Seneca the Elder is the first of the

title: Seneca, Illinois

text: Seneca. Seneca is located at (41.3111442, -88.6097936). According to the 2010 census, Seneca has a total area of , of which (or 93.94%) is land and (or 6.06%) is water. Most of the village lies in LaSalle County, although a small portion extends into west central Grundy County. In the 2000 census, all of Seneca's 2,082 residents lived in LaSalle County. According to 2006 population estimates, 2,082 of the village's 2,087 residents (99.8%) lived in LaSalle County and 5 (0.2%) lived in Grundy County. Seneca is located on the Illinois River, which connects Lake Michigan to the Mississippi River. As

title: Seneca people

text: suit against both counts of the complaint. One count was the Seneca Tribe's challenge regarding the state's acquisition of Grand Island and other smaller islands in the Niagara River, and the second count challenged the state's thruway easement. In 2007 the United States was permitted to intervene on behalf of the Seneca Nation and the Tonawanda Band of Seneca Indians. The United States was directed to file an amended complaint that "clearly states the relief sought by the United States in this action". In this amended complaint, the United States did not seek any relief on behalf of the Seneca

title: Seneca people

text: was a major village of the 18th century. The Seneca had two branches; the western and the eastern. Each branch distinct, they were individually incorporated and recognized by the Iroquois Confederacy Council. The western Seneca lived predominately in and around the Genesee River, gradually moving west and southwest along the Erie and Niagara rivers, then south along the Allegheny River into Pennsylvania. The eastern Seneca lived predominantly south of Seneca Lake. They moved south and east into Pennsylvania and the western Catskill area. The west and north were under constant attack from their powerful Iroquoian brethren, the Huron (Wyandot) To

title: Seneca the Younger

text: to the loathsome Nero mocking a man that Seneca groveled to for years. Seneca the Younger Seneca the Younger AD65), fully Lucius Annaeus Seneca and also known simply as Seneca (), was a Roman Stoic philosopher, statesman, dramatist, and—in one work—satirist of the Silver Age of Latin literature. Seneca was born in Cordoba in Hispania, and raised in Rome, where he was trained in rhetoric and philosophy. He was a tutor and later advisor to emperor Nero. He was forced to take his own life for alleged complicity in the Pisonian conspiracy to assassinate Nero, in which he was likely

title: Seneca the Younger

text: Seneca the Younger Seneca the Younger AD65), fully Lucius Annaeus Seneca and also known simply as Seneca (), was a Roman Stoic philosopher, statesman, dramatist, and—in one work—satirist of the Silver Age of Latin literature. Seneca was born in Cordoba in Hispania, and raised in Rome, where he was trained in rhetoric and philosophy. He was a tutor and later advisor to emperor Nero. He was forced to take his own life for alleged complicity in the Pisonian conspiracy to assassinate Nero, in which he was likely to have been innocent. His father was Seneca the Elder, his elder brother

title: Seneca County, Ohio

text: though it has been a breeding resident since at least 1901. Seneca County, Ohio Seneca County is a county located in the U.S. state of Ohio. As of the 2010 census, the population was 56,745. Its county seat is Tiffin. The county was created in 1820 and later organized in 1824. It is named for the Seneca Indians. Seneca County comprises the Tiffin, OH Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Findlay-Tiffin, OH Combined Statistical Area. The county was barely inhabited until the 1830s, but by 1860 its population had massively increased to about half the current number

title: Seneca County, Ohio

text: Seneca County, Ohio Seneca County is a county located in the U.S. state of Ohio. As of the 2010 census, the population was 56,745. Its county seat is Tiffin. The county was created in 1820 and later organized in 1824. It is named for the Seneca Indians. Seneca County comprises the Tiffin, OH Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Findlay-Tiffin, OH Combined Statistical Area. The county was barely inhabited until the 1830s, but by 1860 its population had massively increased to about half the current number of inhabitants. It grew slowly thereafter, with periods of more marked

title: Isaac Seneca

text: a game played in Manhattan on Thanksgiving Day 1899 with 10,000 fans in attendance. Seneca was the star of the game, having two runs of 30 yards and another of 40 yards. A press account of the game said: "The Indians were in prime physical condition and bore through the Columbia line and skirted the ends at will. At least eight times the Carlisle backs got around the ends for runs of thirty to sixty yards. Most of these runs were made by Seneca and Miller." At the end of the 1899 season, Seneca was elected as captain of the

title: Seneca language

text: recognition for her work with students at Silver Creek School and in language documentation, presenting "Documenting the Seneca Language' using a Recursive Bilingual Education Framework" at the International Conference on Language Documentation and Conservation (ICLDC). As of summer 2012, The fewer than 50 native speakers of the Seneca Nation of Indians' language would agree that it is in danger of becoming extinct. Fortunately, a $200,000 federal grant for the Seneca Language Revitalization Program has further solidified a partnership with Rochester Institute of Technology that will help develop a user-friendly computer catalogue allowing future generations to study and speak the language.

title: Isaac Seneca

text: perishing, and the epic striving of the Carlisle Indians was a last great effort to reach the unattainable ..." After leaving Carlisle, Seneca briefly played professional football for the Greensburg Athletic Association in Greensburg, Pennsylvania. In an October 1900 game against Altoona, Seneca made several substantial gains, including a 25-yard run and a 50-yard touchdown run. During a game against Latrobe in 1900, a fight broke out between Seneca and Latrobe's quarterback, Al Kennedy. The crowd of 2,000 spectators joined in what one historic account has called "a general donnybrook." Information on Seneca's later years is lacking, though a 1917

title: Seneca Niagara Casino & Hotel

text: sovereign land, and the casino is operated by Gaming Corporation. Use of the surrounding area adjacent to the Seneca Niagara Casino by the Seneca Nation for gaming has been the subject of a class-action lawsuit filed by attorney John Bartolomei in October 2010 on behalf of Fallsite LLC and residents who are angry over a 4% tax hike to be passed in 2011. The Seneca Niagara Casino is located on sovereign land owned by the Seneca Nation of Indians. But, the land adjacent to the casino, including parking garages adjacent to Niagara St., the site of a former Pizza Hut

title: Seneca Caverns (West Virginia)

text: cave. Seneca Caverns (West Virginia) Seneca Caverns is a karst show cave in Germany Valley near Riverton, West Virginia, USA. It was used for ceremonies of Seneca Indians, an Iroquois confederacy tribe and has been commercially used since 1930. The largest room inside the cave is the Teter Hall, which is 60 feet tall by 60 feet wide in some areas. A German-American settler named Laven Teter discovered Seneca Caverns in 1742 on a quest for water to supply his livestock. The Teter family maintained ownership until 1928. In 1930 the new owners opened it to the public as a

title: Seneca Caverns (West Virginia)

text: Seneca Caverns (West Virginia) Seneca Caverns is a karst show cave in Germany Valley near Riverton, West Virginia, USA. It was used for ceremonies of Seneca Indians, an Iroquois confederacy tribe and has been commercially used since 1930. The largest room inside the cave is the Teter Hall, which is 60 feet tall by 60 feet wide in some areas. A German-American settler named Laven Teter discovered Seneca Caverns in 1742 on a quest for water to supply his livestock. The Teter family maintained ownership until 1928. In 1930 the new owners opened it to the public as a show

title: Seneca-Cayuga Nation

text: Seneca and Shawnee) traded their Ohio lands for a tract in Indian Territory, which turned out to be wholly within the Cherokee Nation. An 1832 treaty, the first made by the U.S. with the immigrant Indians within the boundaries of present-day Oklahoma, adjusted the boundaries and created the "United Nation of Seneca and Shawnee." During the American Civil War, the Indian Territory became a battleground as Confederate sympathizers dominated several tribes. Many Seneca and Cayuga people who favored the Union fled to Kansas for safety, although the state was also subject to insurgent violence. Following the war, in 1867, federal

title: Seneca the Younger

text: young he received philosophical training from Attalus the Stoic, and from Sotion and Papirius Fabianus, both of whom belonged to the short-lived School of the Sextii which combined Stoicism with Pythagoreanism. Sotion persuaded Seneca when he was a young man (in his early twenties) to become a vegetarian, which he practised for around a year before his father urged him to desist because the practice was associated with "some foreign rites". Seneca often had breathing difficulties throughout his life, probably asthma, and at some point in his mid-twenties (c. 20 AD) he appears to have been struck down with tuberculosis.

title: Seneca people

text: forest for the production of fields. Seneca men also spent a great deal of time hunting and fishing. This activity took them away from the towns or villages to well-known and productive hunting and fishing grounds for extended amounts of time. These hunting and fishing locations were altered and well maintained to encourage game; they were not simply "wild" lands. Seneca men maintained the traditional title of war sachems within the Haudenosaunee. A Seneca war sachem was in charge of gathering the warriors and leading them into battle. Seneca people lived in villages and towns. Archaeological excavations indicate that some

title: Seneca Haselton

text: in the Massachusetts Bay Colony who was famed as the "Apostle to the Indians". In 1909, the University of Vermont conferred on Haselton the honorary degree of LL.D. The Green Mountain Club's Haselton Trail is a hiking route from Smugglers Notch to the summit of Mount Mansfield. Haselton was a noted hiker and outdoorsman, and performed most of the labor that created the trail. Seneca Haselton Seneca Haselton (February 26, 1848 – July 21, 1921) was a Vermont educator, attorney and politician. He is notable for his service as mayor of Burlington, Vermont (1891-1894), U.S. Minister to Venezuela (1894-1895), and

title: Seneca people

text: Seneca Governor Blacksnake described the battle from the viewpoint of the victorious Indians: "as we approach to a firghting we had preparate to make one fire and Run amongst them we So, while we Doing it, feels no more to Kill the Beast, and killed most all, the americans army, only a few white man Escape from us...there I have Seen the most Dead Bodies all it over that I neve Did see." Author Ray Raphael made a connection between the Seneca warriors and Continental Army soldiers by noting that Blacksnake "was not unlike" known Revolutionary veterans "Joseph Plumb Martin

title: Seneca Institute – Seneca Junior College

text: the Seneca Junior College. In addition to the primary and secondary classes, it served as a junior college and teaching training course. The school struggled during the Great Depression. It was closed in 1939. The Seneca Institute had students who lived in the community and boarders. It had a brick dormitory for girls, the B.S. Sharp Dormitory for boys, the A.P. Dunbar Hall for classes, and a library. Except for the log cabin library that is still standing, the buildings were razed in 1963. During the period of segregated education, there were other private and public schools in Oconee County.

title: Seneca Nation of New York

text: FERC denied a rehearing and stay requested by the company. In 2013, the Seneca launched a public transit bus service to serve both the Cattaraugus and the western portion of the Allegany reservations; it operates one route, running along NY 438, NY 353, Old Route 17, I-86 and West Perimeter Road between Irving and Highbanks. The service is open to non-Seneca along the route. Mary Jemison was the daughter of an Irish family who had settled in Pennsylvania. She was captured by the Seneca Indians during the American Revolutionary War. Historical accounts recorded by Dr. James Seaver, indicate that Jemison

title: Seneca Nation of New York

text: Maurice "Moe" John of the Seneca Party was elected to serve as President of the Seneca Nation of Indians. John faced council member Darlene Miller, who ran on the One Nation Party ticket. The Seneca Party had a landslide victory in the 2014 Elections; Todd Gates was elected Treasurer, and Pauline "Snap" John was elected Clerk. Elected to the Council were Ross L. John, Sr., Llona LeRoy, outgoing President Barry Snyder, John Adlai Williams, Jr., all of the Cattaraugus Territory. Tina Abrams, Rickey Armstrong, William "Billy" Canella and Stephen Gordon were elected to the Council from the Allegany Territory. The

title: Seneca Aqueduct

text: nearby Seneca Quarry, just a few hundred feet to the west. The initial stretch of the C&O Canal opened in 1830 up to Seneca Creek; the next segment opened from Seneca to Harpers Ferry in 1833. This included a sizable turning basin, just west of the aqueduct, where canal boats could anchor or turn around. Next to the aqueduct and lock is the lock keeper's house, also made from Seneca red sandstone. Because of the canal, the nearby quarry operations, and additional mills on Seneca Creek, the town of Seneca was an active working class community. In 1897, the steam

title: Oorang Indians

text: team, Indians from all over the United States traveled to LaRue to try out for the team. Many of the prospects were from Thorpe's alma mater, the Carlisle Indian School. Several of the candidates looking to make the team had not played in years and were older than 40. While many of the members of the team were not full-blooded Indians—Thorpe himself was three-eights Irish—every identifiable team member has proved to have at least some Indian blood. The Oorang Indians consisted of members who were Cherokee, Mohawk, Chippewa, Blackfeet, Winnebago, Mission, Caddo, Sac and Fox, Seneca, and Penobscot. The team

text: public schools were integrated. The building was renamed Seneca Junior High School and later Code Elementary School. The Seneca Institute – Seneca Junior College educated many African Americans that continued to live in the Seneca area as well as the nation. This included many physicians, dentists, clergymen, and educators. In 1978, the Seneca River Improvement Association dedicated the Seneca Institute Family Life Center, a multi-purpose building, as a community center. It is located on the old campus of the Seneca Institute – Seneca Junior College. Seneca Institute – Seneca Junior College The Seneca Institute – Seneca Junior College was an

title: The Seneca Hotel

text: Columbus State Community College, the Columbus Metropolitan Library, and Grant Medical Center. The Seneca Hotel The Seneca, formerly known as The Seneca Hotel, is an apartment complex located on the corner of Broad Street and Grant Avenue, in the Discovery District of downtown Columbus, Ohio. The former hotel was renovated with funds directed by the Ohio State Department of Development and the City of Columbus. The Seneca is a 10-story historic brick building that was designed by architect Frank Packard in 1917. The Seneca features studio, as well one and two bedroom luxury apartments. The Seneca is situated near Capital

title: The Seneca Hotel

text: The Seneca Hotel The Seneca, formerly known as The Seneca Hotel, is an apartment complex located on the corner of Broad Street and Grant Avenue, in the Discovery District of downtown Columbus, Ohio. The former hotel was renovated with funds directed by the Ohio State Department of Development and the City of Columbus. The Seneca is a 10-story historic brick building that was designed by architect Frank Packard in 1917. The Seneca features studio, as well one and two bedroom luxury apartments. The Seneca is situated near Capital University Law School, Franklin University, the Columbus College of Art and Design,

title: Seneca the Younger

text: disposed towards Seneca and his writings, and the church leader Tertullian possessively referred to him as "our Seneca." By the 4th century an apocryphal correspondence with Paul the Apostle had been created linking Seneca into the Christian tradition. The letters are mentioned by Jerome who also included Seneca among a list of Christian writers, and Seneca is similarly mentioned by Augustine. In the 6th century Martin of Braga synthesised Seneca's thought into a couple of treatises which became very popular in their own right. Otherwise Seneca was mainly known through a large number of quotes and extracts in the "florilegia"

title: Seneca people

text: counties, north and east into Tompkins and Cayuga counties, and west into the Genesee River valley. The villages were the homes and headquarters of the Seneca. While the Seneca maintained substantial permanent settlements and raised agricultural crops in the vicinity of their villages, they also hunted widely through extensive areas. They prosecuted far-reaching military campaigns. The villages, where hunting and military campaigns were planned and executed, indicate the Seneca had hegemony in these areas. Major Seneca villages were protected with wooden palisades. Ganondagan, with 150 longhouses, was the largest Seneca village of the 17th century, while Chenussio, with 130 longhouses,

title: Tonawanda Band of Seneca

text: the Cattaraugus and Allegany reservations. At this time, the Seneca of the Tonawanda Reservation protested they had not been consulted on either treaty, nor had their chiefs signed either treaty. They refused to leave their reservation. In 1848, the Seneca Indians of the Cattaraugus and Allegany reservations held a constitutional convention. They adopted a new form of constitution and government modeled on that of the United States, including tribal popular election of chiefs. Traditionally, hereditary chiefs were selected by clan mothers and ruled for life (unless one displeased his clan's mother.) The Tonawanda Band did not want to make such

title: 1899 Carlisle Indians football team

text: star of the game, having two runs of 30 yards and another of 40 yards. A press account of the game said: "The Indians were in prime physical condition and bore through the Columbia line and skirted the ends at will. At least eight times the Carlisle backs got around the ends for runs of thirty to sixty yards. Most of these runs were made by Seneca and Miller." At the end of the 1899 season, Seneca was elected as captain of the 1900 team (though he would opt to play professional football rather than return in 1900). Seneca was

title: Seneca the Younger

text: example, Saint Martin of Braga's (d. c. 580) "Formula vitae honestae", or "De differentiis quatuor virtutumvitae honestae" ("Rules for an Honest Life", or "On the Four Cardinal Virtues"). Early manuscripts preserve Martin's preface, where he makes it clear that this was his adaptation, but in later copies this was omitted, and the work was later thought fully Seneca's work. Seneca is a character in Monteverdi's 1642 opera "L'incoronazione di Poppea" ("The Coronation of Poppea"), which is based on the pseudo-Senecan play, "Octavia". In Nathaniel Lee's 1675 play "Nero, Emperor of Rome", Seneca attempts to dissuade Nero from his egomaniacal plans,

title: Seneca the Younger

text: time he listened to Seneca and Burrus, was quite competent. However, the ancient sources suggest, over time, Seneca and Burrus lost their influence over the emperor. In 59 they had reluctantly agreed to Agrippina's murder, and afterward Tacitus reports that Seneca had to write a letter justifying the murder to the Senate. In 58 AD the senator Publius Suillius Rufus made a series of public attacks on Seneca. These attacks, reported by Tacitus and Cassius Dio, included charges that, in a mere four years of service to Nero, Seneca had acquired a vast personal fortune of three hundred million sestertii

title: Seneca the Younger

text: AD Agrippina married her uncle Claudius, and through her influence Seneca was recalled to Rome. Agrippina gained the praetorship for Seneca and appointed him tutor to her son, the future emperor Nero. From AD 54 to 62, Seneca acted as Nero's advisor, together with the praetorian prefect Sextus Afranius Burrus. One byproduct of his new position was that Seneca was appointed suffect consul in 56. Seneca's influence was said to have been especially strong in the first year. Seneca composed Nero's accession speeches in which he promised to restore proper legal procedure and authority to the Senate. He also composed

text: Seneca Institute – Seneca Junior College The Seneca Institute – Seneca Junior College was an African-American school in Seneca, South Carolina, from 1899 to 1939. This was in a period of segregated public schools in South Carolina. The Seneca Institute was a Christian, primary and secondary school for African Americans that was founded in 1899 by the Seneca River Baptist Association. It occupied about 8 acres (3.2 ha) in Seneca, South Carolina. The site is bounded by West South Third and South Poplar Streets and Scotland Road. It was founded to promote education for African-American children at a time in

title: Seneca Falls (CDP), New York

text: role in the Women's Rights Movement. Elizabeth Cady Stanton, one of the organizers of the 1848 Seneca Falls Women's Rights Convention and recognized as "the philosopher and chief publicist of the radical wing of the 19th century women's rights rights movement", lived in Seneca Falls from 1847 to 1863. Amelia Bloomer, popularized a dress reform in her newspaper, The Lily, which became known as bloomers, a design believed to be influenced by native women of the area. Abolitionist causes against slavery were popular in Seneca Falls. In August 1843, Abby Kelley, an outspoken abolitionist, came to Seneca Falls and addressed

title: Seneca Village

text: and Irish immigrants were marginalized and faced discrimination throughout the city. Remarkably, despite their social and racial conflicts elsewhere, the African Americans and Irish in Seneca Village chose to live in close proximity to each other. By 1855, one-third of the village's population was Irish George Washington Plunkitt, who later became a Tammany Hall politician, was born in 1842 to one of the first Irish settlers in the village, Pat and Sara Plunkitt. Richard Croker, who later became the leader of Tammany, was born in Ireland, but he came with his family to Seneca Village in 1846, and lived there

title: Seneca Township, Seneca County, Ohio

text: Seneca Township, Seneca County, Ohio Seneca Township is one of the fifteen townships of Seneca County, Ohio, United States. The 2010 census found 1,622 people in the township. Located in the southwestern part of the county, it borders the following townships: No municipalities are located in Seneca Township. Seneca Township was established in 1820. Statewide, other Seneca Townships are located in Monroe and Noble counties. The township is governed by a three-member board of trustees, who are elected in November of odd-numbered years to a four-year term beginning on the following January 1. Two are elected in the year after

title: Seneca people

text: Minnisink Path through the Lorde’s valley to Minnisink. The Delaware River path went straight south through the ancient Indian towns of Cookhouse, Cochecton and Minnisink, where it became the Minsi Path. Using these ancient highways, the Seneca exerted influence in what is today Ulster and Sullivan counties from the Dutch colonial era onward. Historical evidence demonstrating Seneca presence in the Lower Catskills includes: In 1657 and 1658, the Seneca visited, as diplomats, Dutch colonial officials in New Amsterdam. In 1659 and 1660, the Seneca interceded in the First Esopus War, which was going on between the Dutch and Esopus at

title: Seneca people

text: in Oklahoma, where their ancestors were relocated from Ohio during Indian Removal. Approximately 1,000 Seneca live in Canada, near Brantford, Ontario, at the Six Nations of the Grand River First Nation. They are descendants of Seneca who resettled there after the American Revolution, as they had been allies of the British and forced to cede much of their lands. A legend of the Seneca tribe states that the tribe originated in a village called Nundawao, near the south end of Canandaigua Lake, at South Hill. Close to South Hill stands the -high Bare Hill, known to the Seneca as Genundowa.

title: Seneca Valley High School

text: Seneca Valley High School Seneca Valley High School (SVHS) is a U.S. public high school (grades 9-12) in Germantown, Maryland. It is part of the Montgomery County Public Schools system. As of 2005, its enrollment was 1,700 but with the opening of new schools in the area it has dropped to 1,198 as of the start of the 2017-18 school year. Seneca Valley High School sits on land which was once the site of a dairy farm owned by baseball player Walter Perry Johnson, having been purchased by him in 1935. Johnson lived there with his five children and his

title: Seneca the Elder

text: the beginning of the civil wars almost down to his own death, after which it was published by his son. Of this we learn something from the younger Seneca's "De vita patris" (H. Peter, "Historicorum Romanorum fragmenta", 1883, pp. 292, 301), of which the beginning was discovered by Barthold Georg Niebuhr. In May 2018, it was reported that fragments of the Histories have been found on a papyrus scroll (PHerc. 1067) from the Herculaneum papyri. Seneca the Elder Lucius, or Marcus, Annaeus Seneca, known as Seneca the Elder and Seneca the Rhetorician (; 54 BC – c. 39 AD), was

title: Seneca the Younger

text: than the legendary Nestor. The claims of Publius Suillius Rufus that Seneca acquired some "three hundred million "sesterces"" through Nero's favor, are highly partisan, but they reflect the reality that Seneca was both powerful and wealthy. Robin Campbell, a translator of Seneca's letters, writes that the "stock criticism of Seneca right down the centuries [has been]...the apparent contrast between his philosophical teachings and his practice." In 1562 Gerolamo Cardano wrote an "apology" praising Nero in his "Encomium Neronis", printed in Basel. This was likely intended as a mock "encomium", inverting the portrayal of Nero and Seneca which appears in Tacitus.

title: Seneca the Younger

text: Claudius became emperor, and Seneca was accused by the new empress Messalina of adultery with Julia Livilla, sister to Caligula and Agrippina. The affair has been doubted by some historians, since Messalina had clear political motives for getting rid of Julia Livilla and her supporters. The Senate pronounced a death sentence on Seneca which Claudius commuted to exile, and Seneca spent the next eight years on the island of Corsica. Two of Seneca's earliest surviving works date from the period of his exile—both consolations. In his "Consolation to Helvia", his mother, Seneca comforts her as a bereaved mother for losing

title: Seneca the Younger

text: by charging high interest on loans throughout Italy and the provinces. Suillius' attacks included claims of sexual corruption, with a suggestion that Seneca had slept with Agrippina. Tacitus, though, reports that Suillius was highly prejudiced: he had been a favourite of Claudius, and had been an embezzler and informant. In response, Seneca brought a series of prosecutions for corruption against Suillius: half of his estate was confiscated and he was sent into exile. However, the attacks reflect a criticism of Seneca which was made at the time and continued through later ages. Seneca was undoubtedly extremely rich: he had properties

title: Manso Indians

text: Manso Indians The Manso Indians are an indigenous people who lived along the Rio Grande, near Las Cruces, New Mexico, from the 16th to the 17th century, and were the one of the groups settled at the Guadalupe Mission in what is now Cd. Juarez, Mexico. Some of their descendants remain in the area to this day. The Mansos were semi-nomadic hunter-gatherers who practiced little if any agriculture although farming Indians lived both upstream and downstream from them. They had a life style similar to the Suma and Concho Indians who lived nearby. Only a few words of their language

title: Show Indians

text: Show Indians were allowed to wear traditional clothing then forbidden on the reservation, and lived in the Wild West’s tipi "village", weather permitting, where visitors would stroll and meet performers. When not performing, Native Americans were permitted to freely travel by automobile or by train, for sightseeing or visiting friends. Interpreters translated for the Native American performers inside and outside the Wild West camp. Show Indians agreed to obey the rules and regulations of the Wild West Company and Indian Police were organized to enforce the rules. The number of police chosen depended on the number of Indians traveling with

title: Seneca Caverns (Ohio)

text: Seneca Caverns (Ohio) Seneca Caverns is a show cave located in northeastern Seneca County, Ohio, USA, just outside Flat Rock. The cave is designated as a Registered Natural Landmark by the Ohio Department of Natural Resources. The cave was discovered in June 1872 by two boys named Peter Rutan and Henry Homer while they were hunting rabbits with their dog. The dog chased a rabbit into a brush pile, where they then disappeared. While searching through the brush pile, the two boys found an opening, fell through it, and landed in the first level of the cave, where they found

title: USS Seneca (1861)

text: in that battle. On 17 February, she was in the force which attacked Fort Anderson and captured it two days later. At the end of the war, "Seneca" returned to Norfolk, Virginia, where she was decommissioned on 24 June. The ship was sold on 10 September 1868 at Norfolk to Purvis and Company. USS Seneca (1861) USS "Seneca" was a built on behalf of the United States Navy for service during the American Civil War. "Seneca" was outfitted with guns for horizontal fire as well as with two howitzers for bombardment of shore targets. With her crew of 84, she

title: Seneca people

text: At a peace conference in Easton, Pennsylvania in 1758, the Seneca chief Tagashata required the Munsee and Minnisink to conclude a peace with the colonists and "take the hatchet out of your heads, and bury it under ground, where it shall always rest and never be taken up again". A large delegation of Iroquois attended this meeting to demonstrate that the Munsee were under their protection. In 1759, as colonial records indicate, negotiators had to go through the Seneca in order to have diplomatic success with the Munsee. Despite the French military campaigns, Seneca power remained far-reaching at the beginning

title: Seneca Rocks

text: 1971. A popular romance of the Rocks — "The Betrothal of Snow Bird, Princess of the Seneca Indians" — was written in 1932 by Harry Malcolm Wade. West Virginia writer J. Lawrence Smith provides the following short summary of the story: Princess Snow Bird, who had grown to maidenhood in the shadow of the rocks and scaled their heights many times, proposed a contest to her father, [Chief] Bald Eagle. She would climb to the crest of the rocks as prospective suitors followed. The first to take her hand would become her mate. Bald Eagle agreed, and at the end