query: what country is the iberian peninsula located in?

title: Iberian Peninsula

text: Iberian Peninsula The Iberian Peninsula , also known as Iberia, is located in the southwest corner of Europe. The peninsula is principally divided between Spain and Portugal, comprising most of their territory. It also includes Andorra, small areas of France, and the British overseas territory of Gibraltar. With an area of approximately ), it is the second largest European peninsula, after the Scandinavian. The word "Iberia" is a noun adapted from the Latin word "Hiberia" originated by the Ancient Greek word Ἰβηρία ("") by Greek geographers under the rule of the Roman Empire to refer to what is known today

title: Iberian Peninsula

text: and fishing. Because the coast is so long, fishing is popular, especially sardines, tuna and anchovies. Most of the mining occurs in the Pyrenees mountains. Commodities mined include: iron, gold, coal, lead, silver, zinc, and salt. Iberian Peninsula The Iberian Peninsula , also known as Iberia, is located in the southwest corner of Europe. The peninsula is principally divided between Spain and Portugal, comprising most of their territory. It also includes Andorra, small areas of France, and the British overseas territory of Gibraltar. With an area of approximately ), it is the second largest European peninsula, after the Scandinavian. The

title: Iberian Peninsula

text: army landed at Gibraltar and, in an eight-year campaign, occupied all except the northern kingdoms of the Iberian Peninsula in the Umayyad conquest of Hispania. Al-Andalus (, tr. "al-ʾAndalūs", possibly "Land of the Vandals"), is the Arabic name given to what is today southern Spain by its Muslim Berber and Arab occupiers. From the 8th–15th centuries, only the southern part of the Iberian Peninsula was part of the Islamic world. It became a center of culture and learning, especially during the Caliphate of Córdoba, which reached its height of its power under the rule of Abd-ar-Rahman III and his successor

title: Geology of the Iberian Peninsula

text: Geology of the Iberian Peninsula The geology of the Iberian Peninsula consists of the study of the rock formations on the Iberian Peninsula, which includes Spain, Portugal, Andorra, and Gibraltar. The peninsula contains rocks from every geological period from Ediacaran to Holocene, and many types of rock are represented. World-class mineral deposits are also found there. The core of the Iberian Peninsula consists of a Hercynian cratonic block known as the Iberian Massif. On the northeast this is bounded by The Pyrenean fold belt, and on the southeast it is bounded by the Betic Foldchain. These twofold chains are part

title: Forests of the Iberian Peninsula

text: Forests of the Iberian Peninsula The woodlands of the Iberian Peninsula are distinct ecosystems on the Iberian Peninsula (Spain and Portugal). Although the various regions are each characterized by distinct vegetation, the borders between these regions are not clearly defined, and there are some similarities across the peninsula. The flora of the peninsula, because of bio-historical, geographical, geological, and orographic conditions, is among of the richest and most varied of all European floras, rivaled only by such countries as Greece and Italy; it is estimated that the Iberian Peninsula has more than 8,000 distinct species of plants, many of them

title: Iberian Peninsula

text: subject to seasonal variations in flow. The Tagus is the longest river on the peninsula and, like the Douro, flows westwards with its lower course in Portugal. The Guadiana river bends southwards and forms the border between Spain and Portugal in the last stretch of its course. The terrain of the Iberian Peninsula is largely mountainous. The major mountain systems are: The Iberian Peninsula contains rocks of every geological period from the Ediacaran to the Recent, and almost every kind of rock is represented. World-class mineral deposits can also be found there. The core of the Iberian Peninsula consists of

title: Geology of the Iberian Peninsula

text: of the National Laboratory of Energy and Geology. It contains specimens dating back to 1859 collected by Carlos Ribeiro, Nery Delgado, Paul Choffat and others. Geology of the Iberian Peninsula The geology of the Iberian Peninsula consists of the study of the rock formations on the Iberian Peninsula, which includes Spain, Portugal, Andorra, and Gibraltar. The peninsula contains rocks from every geological period from Ediacaran to Holocene, and many types of rock are represented. World-class mineral deposits are also found there. The core of the Iberian Peninsula consists of a Hercynian cratonic block known as the Iberian Massif. On the

title: Forests of the Iberian Peninsula

text: as to provide food and refuge for the associated fauna. They are made up of spiny shrubs, depending on the forest and climate, such as gorse, box, thyme, and so on. It is possible to identify successive stages in the process of degradation of these various forest formations, from an optimum state to the final phase of desertification. These regressive states, in the case of leafy forests, are the following: Forests of the Iberian Peninsula The woodlands of the Iberian Peninsula are distinct ecosystems on the Iberian Peninsula (Spain and Portugal). Although the various regions are each characterized by distinct

title: Iberian Peninsula

text: (175,558), Almada (174,030), Odivelas (144,549) and Coimbra (143,397) in Portugal. The woodlands of the Iberian Peninsula are distinct ecosystems. Although the various regions are each characterized by distinct vegetation, there are some similarities across the peninsula. While the borders between these regions are not clearly defined, there is a mutual influence that makes it very hard to establish boundaries and some species find their optimal habitat in the intermediate areas. The Iberian Peninsula in an important stopover on the East Atlantic flyway for birds migrating from northern Europe to Africa. For example, curlew sandpipers rest in the region of the

title: Iberian Peninsula

text: died resisting the expulsion, and 60,000 died on the journey. The small states gradually amalgamated over time. Portugal was the exception, except for a brief period (1580–1640) during which the whole peninsula was united politically under the Iberian Union. After that point, the modern position was reached and the peninsula now consists of the countries of Spain and Portugal (excluding their islands—the Portuguese Azores and Madeira and the Spanish Canary Islands and Balearic Islands; and the Spanish exclaves of Ceuta and Melilla), Andorra, French Cerdagne and Gibraltar. The Iberian Peninsula is the westernmost of the three major southern European peninsulas—the

title: Iberian Peninsula

text: Huelva in Spain, while most of the Portuguese Atlantic coast has fresh and humid winters, similar to Galicia. Political divisions of the Iberian Peninsula sorted by area: The main metropolitan areas of the Iberian Peninsula are Madrid, Barcelona, Lisbon, Valencia, Porto, Seville, Bilbao, Guimarães, Málaga, Braga, Central Asturias (Gijón-Oviedo-Avilés), Alicante-Elche, Murcia and Coimbra. Various other notable cities (populations given are for the cities proper not the metro areas or municipalities) are also present on the peninsula, such as: Elche (228,647) (part of the Alicante-Elche-Elda metro area), Oviedo (225,973), Badalona (220,977) and Terrassa (215 678) in Spain; and Braga (192,494), Amadora

title: Genetic history of the Iberian Peninsula

text: Haplogroup L in Portugal. However, high frequencies are largely concentrated in the west and south of the Iberian peninsula and therefore overall frequency is higher in Portugal (6.83%) than in Spain (1.9%) with a mean frequency for the entire peninsula of 3.83%. There is considerable geographic divergence across the peninsula with high frequencies observed for South West Castile (8%), Southern Portugal (18.80%), Central Portugal (10.70%), Western Andalusia (14.6%) and Córdoba (8.30%). Current debates revolve around whether U6 presence is due to Islamic expansion into the Iberian peninsula or prior population movements and whether Haplogroup L is linked to the slave

title: Iberian Peninsula

text: the Vascones, which was preserved as a language isolate by the barrier of the Pyrenees. The Iberian Peninsula has always been associated with the Ebro, Ibēros in ancient Greek and Ibērus or Hibērus in Latin. The association was so well known it was hardly necessary to state; for example, Ibēria was the country "this side of the Ibērus" in Strabo. Pliny goes so far as to assert that the Greeks had called "the whole of Spain" Hiberia because of the Hiberus River. The river appears in the Ebro Treaty of 226 BC between Rome and Carthage, setting the limit of

title: Geology of the Iberian Peninsula

text: of the Alpine belt. To the west, the peninsula is delimited by the continental boundary formed by the opening of the Atlantic Ocean. The Hercynian Foldbelt is mostly buried by Mesozoic and Cenozoic cover rocks to the east, but nevertheless outcrops through the Iberian Chain and the Catalan Coastal Ranges. The Iberian Massif consists of rocks from the Paleozoic Era. It was assembled about 310 Ma. Several zones occur in the Iberian Massif. These were the pieces that were assembled to form the block. On the north coast of Spain occurs the Cantabrian Zone. Then to the west and also

text: than 90% in NW Portugal. Genetic history of the Iberian Peninsula The ancestry of modern Iberians (comprising the Spanish and Portuguese) is consistent with the geographical situation of the Iberian Peninsula in the south-west corner of Europe. The large predominance of Y-Chromosome Haplogroup R1b, common throughout Western Europe, is the result of Central European invaders during the Bronze Age, making the Spanish and Portuguese population closely related to others from Western Europe. Similar to Sardinia and unlike the Balkans and Italy, Iberia was shielded from settlement from the Bosporus and Caucasus region by its western geographic location, and its low

title: Iberian Peninsula

text: in English as the Iberian Peninsula. At that time, the name did not describe a single political entity or a distinct population of people. Strabo's 'Iberia' was delineated from Keltikē (Gaul) by the Pyrenees and included the entire land mass southwest (he says "west") of there. The noun "Hiberia" fell into disuse when the Romans decided to call the most western part of the peninsula "Lusitania" (today Portugal) and the remaining territory "Hispania" (modern Spain). With the fall of the Roman Empire and the establishment of the new Castillian language in Spain, the word "Iberia" appeared for the first time

title: Iberian Peninsula

text: peninsula while struggling with the Greeks for control of the Western Mediterranean. Their most important colony was Carthago Nova (modern-day Cartagena, Spain). In 218 BC, during the Second Punic War against the Carthaginians, the first Roman troops invaded the Iberian Peninsula; however, it was not until the reign of Augustus that it was annexed after 200 years of war with the Celts and Iberians. The result was the creation of the province of Hispania. It was divided into Hispania Ulterior and Hispania Citerior during the late Roman Republic, and during the Roman Empire, it was divided into Hispania Tarraconensis in

title: Black Iberian pig

text: Black Iberian pig The Iberian pig is a traditional breed of the domestic pig ("Sus scrofa domesticus") that is native to the Iberian Peninsula. The Iberian pig, whose origins can probably be traced back to the Neolithic, when animal domestication started, is currently found in herds clustered in the central and southern part of Portugal and Spain. The most commonly accepted theory is that the first pigs were brought to the Iberian Peninsula by the Phoenicians from the Eastern Mediterranean coast (current day Lebanon), where they interbred with wild boars. This cross gave rise to the ancestors of what are

title: Geology of the Iberian Peninsula

text: This is known as the Iberian Pyrite Belt. This is the remains of seafloor hydrothermal vents. The majority of the zone is covered by Late Visean turbidite sequences several kilometres thick. Mines in the pyrite belt area include Neves-Corvo mine in Portugal, Rio Tinto which has been mined for 2000 years, Aguas Teñidas, Las Cruces mine, Los Frailes. The Via Basin existed on the northeast edge in Permian times. During the Hercynian cycle, some plutons were formed in the peninsula. Gabbro appeared in northwest Galicia as Monte Castelo Gabbro, and also at Beja in Portugal. Two different kinds of granite

title: Iberian Peninsula

text: Bay of Cádiz. In addition to the birds migrating through, some seven million wading birds from the north spend the winter in the estuaries and wetlands of the Iberian Peninsula, mainly at locations on the Atlantic coast. In Galicia are Ría de Arousa (a home of grey plover), Ria de Ortigueira, Ria de Corme and Ria de Laxe. In Portugal, the Aveiro Lagoon hosts "Recurvirostra avosetta", the common ringed plover, grey plover and little stint. Ribatejo Province on the Tagus supports "Recurvirostra arosetta", grey plover, dunlin, bar-tailed godwit and common redshank. In the Sado Estuary are dunlin, Eurasian curlew, grey

title: Roman conquest of the Iberian peninsula

text: established in the west of the peninsula and the western part of central Hispania. This was Hispania Lusitania, which covered present day Portugal up to the River Durius (Douro), the present autonomous community of Extremadura and a small part of the province of Salamanca in today's Spain. Hispania Citerior was renamed Hispania Baetica and it borders were expanded inland only marginally. Between the 8th and 7th centuries BC, the Phoenicians (and later the Carthaginians) established trading contacts in the southern part of the Iberian Peninsula as well as in part of the east coast. Their trading posts on the coast

title: Geology of the Iberian Peninsula

text: to depletion. Lead mines at Castulo near Linares, Jaén operated from ancient times until 1991. This is a part of the Linares–La Carolina mining district, where in the Bronze Age copper was mined. Roman mines operated at Arrayanes, La Cruz, and El Centenillo and Salas de Galiarda in Sierra Morena. The Great Lisbon earthquake of 1 November 1755 was one of the most destructive earthquakes in history, killing around 100,000 people. The 1969 Portugal earthquake was much less severe; 13 people were killed in Morocco and Portugal. Several Global Boundary Stratotype Sections and Points are defined in the Iberian Peninsula.

title: Geology of the Iberian Peninsula

text: south west end of the Valencia trough. Volcanoes are from 8 to 1 Ma. The north east volcanic province at the east end of the Pyrenees, dates from 14 Ma to 11,000 years ago. Volcanoes first formed in the Empordà Basin, then in the La Selva Basin and finally in the Cerdanya Basin. Almeria and Murcia have alkaline volcanoes. The Valencia Trough lies between the Mediterranean north east coast of Spain, near Barcelona, and the Balearic Islands. This is a northeast to southwest oriented depression between the continental slope of the Iberian Peninsula and the slope off the shelf around

title: Geology of the Iberian Peninsula

text: calcalkaline granites were intruded at two times. The older one consists of granodiorite and adamellite with inclusions of tonalite, diorite, and gabbro. In western Galicia they are 316 Ma. The younger calcalkaline granites mostly have coarse crystals, they are biotite and hornblende granodiorites. These have intruded later than the two mica granites and are frequent in northern and central Portugal. The radiometric age is around 300 Ma. Some of the batholiths of this mixed type of granite are in Cabeza de Araya, Forgoselo, Ponferrada and Boal, and La Runa. The Iberian Peninsula was joined to Armorica (Northern France) before the

title: Iberian Peninsula

text: of Pre-Celts and Celts migrated from Central Europe, thus partially changing the peninsula's ethnic landscape to Indo-European-speaking in its northern and western regions. In Northwestern Iberia (modern Northern Portugal, Asturias and Galicia), a Celtic culture developed, the Castro culture, with a large number of hill forts and some fortified cities. By the Iron Age, starting in the 7th century BC, the Iberian Peninsula consisted of complex agrarian and urban civilizations, either Pre-Celtic or Celtic (such as the Lusitanians, Celtiberians, Gallaeci, Astures, Celtici and others), the cultures of the Iberians in the eastern and southern zones and the cultures of the

text: is a Y chromosome haplotype of Y-STR microsatellite variations, associated with the Haplogroup R1b. It was discovered prior to many of the SNPs now used to identify subclades of R1b and references to it can be found in some of the older literature. It corresponds most closely with subclade R1b1a2a1a(1) [L11]. The AMH is the most frequently occurring haplotype amongst human males in Atlantic Europe. It is characterized by the following marker alleles: The Atlantic modal haplotype reaches the highest frequencies in the Iberian Peninsula, in Great Britain and Ireland. In Portugal it reaches 70% as a whole, with more

title: Geology of the Iberian Peninsula

text: In the 17th century physician studied evaporation of water from rivers and springs in Spain and proposed a model of the Water Cycle. However it was only in the 18th century that treatises on geology were published. In the year 1754 José Torrubia published "" considered the first treatise written in Spanish defending the thesis of the universal flood and drawing fossils from the Iberian Peninsula and elsewhere. In 1771, King Carlos III founded the (Royal Chamber of Natural History of Madrid) Guillermo Bowles, with the assistance of Nicolás de Azara, published "Introducción a la Historia Natural y a la

title: Geology of the Iberian Peninsula

text: km thick. There are few outcrops of lower Devonian rocks in the San Clodio area. And in the Carboniferous Period, this was an erosional zone forming the source of material for the Cantabrian Carboniferous deposits. The Central Iberian Zone covers the middle part of the west side of the peninsula, including north and central Portugal. The top north west corner has been replaced with the Galicia-Tras-Os-Montes Zone. The constituent rocks are metamorphosed sediments. The oldest rocks are Proterozoic, metamorphosed sediments. They have been deformed by the Cadomian Orogeny. There are volcanics and further sediments from the end of the Ediacaran

title: Geology of the Iberian Peninsula

text: y Minero de España. Its purpose was to publish books and maps of Spain. Guillermo Schulz drew a high quality map of the geology of the Asturias. This was followed by del Bayo's map of Spain and then Moritz Willkomm's geology map of the entire Iberian Peninsula. The University of Madrid first offered a subject called "Geology and Paleontology" in 1854 when Juan Vilanova y Piera took up the chair of Geology and Paleontology. The Real Sociedad Española de Historia Natural (Royal Spanish Society of Natural History) was established in 1871. Miguel Colmeiro y Penido was the organisation's first president.

text: Y-Chromosome DNA, recent studies coincide in that Iberia has the greatest presence of the typically Northwest African Y-chromosome haplotype marker E-M81 in Europe as well as Haplotype Va. Estimates of Y-Chromosome ancestry vary, with a 2008 study published in the American Journal of Human Genetics using 1140 samples from throughout the Iberian peninsula, giving a proportion of 10.6% North African ancestry to the paternal composite of iberians. A similar 2009 study of Y-chromosome with 659 samples from Southern Portugal, 680 from Northern Spain, 37 samples from Andalusia, 915 samples from mainland Italy, and 93 samples from Sicily found significally higher

title: Iberian Pact

text: Peninsula against any power that attacked either country and helped to ensure Iberian neutrality in the event of a general European war. An additional protocol to the pact was signed on 29 July 1940, after the fall of France. Iberian Pact The Iberian Pact ("Pacto Ibérico"), formally the Portuguese–Spanish Treaty of Friendship and Non-Aggression was a non-aggression pact signed at Lisbon on 17 March 1939 by the nationalist governments of Portugal and Spain. At the time, Spain was in the midst of the final stage of the Civil War. By 1 April all of Spain was under the control of—and

title: Geology of the Iberian Peninsula

text: measure the slow movements due to continental drift and tectonic movements: Heat flow 60–70 mW/m on Iberian Massif and in the Betics with 100–120 mW/m in the Alboran Sea where the lithosphere is thinner. A low heat flow of 40 mW/m is in the far south of Portugal. Mining has a long history in Spain. Copper mining has taken place at Rio Tinto for 5,000 years. The world's largest deposit of mercury is located Almadén, Spain, which has produced 250,000 tons. Mines at La Unión, Murcia produced lead, iron, silver, and zinc since Roman times but closed in 1991 due

title: Iberian federalism

text: Iberian federalism Iberian federalism, Pan-Iberism or simply Iberism (Spanish and , ) are the names for the pan-nationalist ideology supporting the federation of all the territories of the Iberian Peninsula. Portugal and Spain share a common history to some degree. Spanish and Portuguese are both Romance languages like Catalan, French and Galician, all spoken in the Iberian peninsula. The Portuguese language and Galician languages evolved from the medieval Galician-Portuguese when the County of Portugal separated from the Kingdom of León by becoming the Kingdom of Portugal. On the other hand, the Galician language has become increasingly influenced by the Castilian

title: Iberian Peninsula

text: Tagus estuary in Portugal and spread from there to many parts of western Europe. Bronze Age cultures developed beginning c.1800 BC, when the civilization of Los Millares was followed by that of El Argar. From this centre, bronze technology spread to other cultures like the Bronze of Levante, South-Western Iberian Bronze and Las Cogotas. In the Late Bronze Age, the urban civilisation of Tartessos developed in the area of modern western Andalusia, characterized by Phoenician influence and using the Southwest Paleohispanic script for its Tartessian language, not related to the Iberian language. Early in the first millennium BC, several waves

title: Geology of the Iberian Peninsula

text: in the Iberian Chain and Catalan Coastal Ranges is the West Asturian-Leonese Zone. Then the Central Iberian Zone appears near A Coruña, through the north of Portugal, and through the middle of Spain, including the Montes de Toledo. The Ossa-Morena Zone outcrops out to the east of Lisbon. This includes some Precambrian rocks. The furthest south part is the South-Portuguese Zone. The Variscan Orogeny occurred as the European Hunic Terrane (split off from Gondwana) and Laurentia-Baltica continents collided. In Iberia this occurred in pre-Stephanian Carboniferous (354–305 Ma). The external part of the orogeny was the Cantabrian Zone. This was deformed

title: Geology of the Iberian Peninsula

text: America from Africa forming a transform zone. The Iberian Basin is in the east of Spain. A rift system formed in the Variscan basement from Permian to Late Cretaceous. At the end of the Cretaceous the basin was stretched by 35 km. In Early Neogene times the basin was inverted as a result of the Pyrenean Orogeny, part of the Alpine Chain formation. This inversion resulted in the formation of mountains called the Iberian Range. Rifting occurred at several different times in the Mesozoic repeating the same pattern of sedimentation. Minas de Henarejos basin filled from in the Early Permian.

title: Iberian Peninsula

text: Europe are found, with Córdoba averaging around in July. The Spanish mediterranean coast usually averages around in summer. In sharp contrast A Coruña at the northern tip of Galicia has a summer daytime high average at just below . This cool and wet summer climate is replicated throughout most of the northern coastline. Winter temperatures are more consistent throughout the peninsula, although frosts are common in the Spanish interior, even though daytime highs are usually above the freezing point. In Portugal, the warmest winters of the country are found in the area of Algarve, very similar to the ones from

title: Geology of the Iberian Peninsula

text: and into early Eocene. The subduction ceased at 54 Ma. Stress from the northeast edge of Spain's collision with Eurasia affected the interior, raising the Iberian Basin to form the Iberian Chain mountain range, north east of the centre. The Azores–Gibraltar transform zone activated at about 30 Ma. This zone appears as a ridge on the Atlantic Ocean floor, and is apparent even today as an earthquake zone. Africa moved eastwards with respect to Iberia and Eurasia. This opened up the Valencia Trough and the Balearic Basin. Extension in this south east side of Iberia spread from southern France. The

text: by Botigué et al. using genome-wide SNP data for over 2000 individuals, concluding that Spain and Portugal hold significant levels of North African ancestry. Estimates of shared ancestry averaged from 4% in some places to 10% in the general population, the populations of the Canary Islands outputted up to 20% of shared ancestry with north Africans, although the Canary islands are a Spanish exclave located in the African continent, and thus this output is not representative of the Iberian population; these same results did not exceed 2% in other western or southern European populations. However, contrary to past autosomal studies

title: Iberian wolf

text: Iberian wolf The Iberian wolf ("Canis lupus signatus" Cabrera 1907) is a proposed subspecies of grey wolf that inhabits the northwest of the Iberian Peninsula, which includes northern Portugal and northwestern Spain. It is home to 2,200-2,500 wolves which have been isolated from mixing with other wolf populations for over a century. These form the largest wolf population in Western Europe. The Iberian wolf "Canis lupus signatus" Cabrera 1907 is classified as "Canis lupus lupus" by "Mammal Species of the World". Some authors claim that the south-eastern Spanish wolf, last sighted in Murcia in the 1930s, was a different subspecies

title: Iberian Romance languages

text: conventional geographical grouping is the following: Daggers (†) indicate extinct languages Iberian Romance languages The Iberian Romance, Ibero-Romance or simply Iberian languages is an areal grouping of Romance languages that developed on the Iberian Peninsula, an area consisting primarily of Spain, Portugal, Gibraltar and Andorra, and in southern France which are today more commonly separated into West Iberian and Occitano-Romance language groups. Originating in Iberia, the most widely spoken Iberian Romance languages are Castilian (Spanish), Portuguese, Catalan and Galician. These languages also have their own regional and local dialects. Based on mutual intelligibility, Dalby counts seven "outer" languages, or language

title: Iberian ibex

text: Iberian ibex "Capra pyrenaica" populates the Iberian Peninsula and consisted originally of four subspecies. However, with recent extinctions occurring within the last century, only two of the subspecies still exist. These two subspecies of ibexes, "C. p. hispanica" and "C. p. victoriae", can be found along the Spanish Iberian Peninsula and have even migrated and settled into the coast of Portugal. "C. pyrenaica" are strong mountainous animals characterized by their large and ﬂexible hooves and short legs. These physical adaptations allow them to be able to run and leap on bare, rocky, rough, and steep slopes. This gives them an

title: Iberian magpie

text: It inhabits various types of coniferous (mainly pine) and broadleaf forest, including parks and gardens in the eastern populations. The Iberian magpie occurs in southwestern and central parts of the Iberian Peninsula, in Spain and Portugal. This taxon is usually treated as conspecific with azure-winged magpie "C. cyana", but this population is 5400 miles (9,000 km) away from those in eastern Asia. Recent genetic analysis has shown that the Iberian magpie and the azure-winged magpie are distinct at species level. Often Iberian magpies find food as a family group or several groups making flocks of up to 70 birds. The

title: Iberian Pyrite Belt

text: Iberian Pyrite Belt The Iberian Pyrite Belt is a vast geographical area with particular geological features that stretches along much of the south of the Iberian Peninsula, from Portugal to Spain. It is about 250 km long and 30–50 km wide, running northwest to southeast from Alcácer do Sal (Portugal) to Sevilla (Spain). The mining activity in this region goes back thousands of years. The Iberian Pyrite Belt has had more than 2000 million tons of ore and still has more than 400 million left to exploit. It is the largest concentration of massive sulfides in the world. The Iberian

title: Iberian Cup

text: Iberian Cup The Iberian Cup, also called Iberian Supercup, was a football international competition between clubs from Portugal and Spain, disputed by two teams (one Portuguese and one Spanish) that were champions in a major competition, very much alike a Supercup, to find out which was the best team from Iberian Peninsula. So far, the Iberian Cup was only played in 5 occasions. The first Iberian Cup was played on 7 July 1935. Porto and Real Betis were both league champions, and played a single match which Porto won. The first edition of the Cup was not officially recognized by

title: Iberian Romance languages

text: Iberian Romance languages The Iberian Romance, Ibero-Romance or simply Iberian languages is an areal grouping of Romance languages that developed on the Iberian Peninsula, an area consisting primarily of Spain, Portugal, Gibraltar and Andorra, and in southern France which are today more commonly separated into West Iberian and Occitano-Romance language groups. Originating in Iberia, the most widely spoken Iberian Romance languages are Castilian (Spanish), Portuguese, Catalan and Galician. These languages also have their own regional and local dialects. Based on mutual intelligibility, Dalby counts seven "outer" languages, or language groups: Galician-Portuguese, Spanish, Astur-Leonese, "Wider"-Aragonese, "Wider"-Catalan, Provençal+Lengadocian, and "Wider"-Gascon. In addition

title: Iberian language

text: with other languages have been suggested, especially the Basque language, based largely on observed similarities between the numeral systems of the two. The Iberian language was widely spoken along the Mediterranean coast of the Iberian Peninsula. In the north, the Iberian language inscriptions reached the south of France up to the Hérault river. Important written remains have been found in Ensérune, between Narbonne and Béziers in France, in an "oppidum" with mixed Iberian and Celtic elements. The southern limit would be Porcuna, in Jaén (Spain), where splendid sculptures of Iberian riders have been found. Towards inland the exact distribution of

title: Iberian emerald lizard

text: mainly insectivorous, though it also preys on small lizards like the iberian wall lizard or large psammodromus. Iberian emerald lizard The Iberian emerald lizard or Schreiber's green lizard (Lacerta schreiberi ) is a species of lizard in the family Lacertidae. The species is endemic to the Iberian Peninsula. The specific name, "schreiberi", is in honor of Austrian zoologist Egid Schreiber (1836–1913), author of "Herpetologia Europaea" (1875). "Lacerta schreiberi" is found in Portugal and Spain. The natural habitats of "L. schreiberi" are temperate forests and shrublands, Mediterranean-type shrubby vegetation, rivers, and pastureland. "L. schreiberi" is threatened by habitat loss. A large

title: Iberian wolf

text: breeding population. The DNA of a road-killed wolf from 2003 indicated high levels of inbreeding and 30% of the genome being that of dog. It is thought that as the population of these wolves declined, the inability to find a mate led to inbreeding and hybridization with dogs. The wolves in this region may now be extinct. Iberian wolf The Iberian wolf ("Canis lupus signatus" Cabrera 1907) is a proposed subspecies of grey wolf that inhabits the northwest of the Iberian Peninsula, which includes northern Portugal and northwestern Spain. It is home to 2,200-2,500 wolves which have been isolated from

title: Iberian federalism

text: Mas i Sans wanted the federal or confederate capital city of Iberia to be established at Santarém, Ribatejo, Portugal, but the capital city of the Diocesis Hispaniarum, created by the Roman Emperor Diocletianus in 287 was Emerita Augusta (modern Mérida), in Spanish Extremadura. Iberian federalism Iberian federalism, Pan-Iberism or simply Iberism (Spanish and , ) are the names for the pan-nationalist ideology supporting the federation of all the territories of the Iberian Peninsula. Portugal and Spain share a common history to some degree. Spanish and Portuguese are both Romance languages like Catalan, French and Galician, all spoken in the Iberian

title: Iberian Peninsula

text: Carthaginian interest at the Ebro. The fullest description of the treaty, stated in Appian, uses Ibērus. With reference to this border, Polybius states that the "native name" is "Ibēr", apparently the original word, stripped of its Greek or Latin "-os" or "-us" termination. The early range of these natives, which geographers and historians place from today's southern Spain to today's southern France along the Mediterranean coast, is marked by instances of a readable script expressing a yet unknown language, dubbed "Iberian." Whether this was the native name or was given to them by the Greeks for their residence on the

title: Iberian Peninsula

text: located approximately in the centre, staggered slightly to the east and tilted slightly toward the west (the conventional centre of the Iberian Peninsula has long been considered Getafe just south of Madrid). It is ringed by mountains and contains the sources of most of the rivers, which find their way through gaps in the mountain barriers on all sides. The coastline of the Iberian Peninsula is , on the Mediterranean side and on the Atlantic side. The coast has been inundated over time, with sea levels having risen from a minimum of lower than today at the Last Glacial Maximum

title: Iberian Peninsula

text: the northeast, Hispania Baetica in the south and Lusitania in the southwest. Hispania supplied the Roman Empire with silver, food, olive oil, wine, and metal. The emperors Trajan, Hadrian, Marcus Aurelius, and Theodosius I, the philosopher Seneca the Younger, and the poets Martial and Lucan were born from families living on the Iberian Peninsula. During their 600-year rule in the Iberian Peninsula, the Romans introduced the Latin language that influenced many of the languages that exist today in the Iberian peninsula. In the early fifth century, Germanic peoples invaded the peninsula, namely the Suebi, the Vandals (Silingi and Hasdingi) and

title: Iberian Peninsula

text: About 40,000 years ago, anatomically modern humans entered the Iberian Peninsula from Southern France. Here, this genetically homogeneous population (characterized by the M173 mutation in the Y chromosome), developed the M343 mutation, giving rise to Haplogroup R1b, still the most common in modern Portuguese and Spanish males. On the Iberian Peninsula, modern humans developed a series of different cultures, such as the Aurignacian, Gravettian, Solutrean and Magdalenian cultures, some of them characterized by the complex forms of the art of the Upper Paleolithic. During the Neolithic expansion, various megalithic cultures developed in the Iberian Peninsula. An open seas navigation culture

title: Roman conquest of the Iberian peninsula

text: Roman conquest of the Iberian peninsula The Roman conquest of the Iberian peninsula was a process by which the Roman Republic seized territories in the Iberian peninsula that were previously under the control of native Celtiberian tribes and the Carthaginian Empire. The Carthaginian territories in the south and east of the peninsula were conquered in 206 BC during the Second Punic War. Control was gradually extended over most of the Iberian peninsula without annexations. It was completed after the fall of the Republic (27 BC), by Augustus, the first Roman emperor, who annexed the whole of the peninsula to the

title: Roman conquest of the Iberian peninsula

text: from the Pyrenees all the way to Cadiz, it was 1,500 kilometres or 900 miles long). Roman conquest of the Iberian peninsula The Roman conquest of the Iberian peninsula was a process by which the Roman Republic seized territories in the Iberian peninsula that were previously under the control of native Celtiberian tribes and the Carthaginian Empire. The Carthaginian territories in the south and east of the peninsula were conquered in 206 BC during the Second Punic War. Control was gradually extended over most of the Iberian peninsula without annexations. It was completed after the fall of the Republic (27

title: Iberian Peninsula

text: a Hercynian cratonic block known as the Iberian Massif. On the northeast, this is bounded by the Pyrenean fold belt, and on the southeast it is bounded by the Baetic System. These twofold chains are part of the Alpine belt. To the west, the peninsula is delimited by the continental boundary formed by the magma-poor opening of the Atlantic Ocean. The Hercynian Foldbelt is mostly buried by Mesozoic and Tertiary cover rocks to the east, but nevertheless outcrops through the Sistema Ibérico and the Catalan Mediterranean System. The Iberian peninsula has two dominant climate types. One of these is the

title: Iberian Peninsula

text: Iberian, Italian, and Balkan. It is bordered on the southeast and east by the Mediterranean Sea, and on the north, west, and southwest by the Atlantic Ocean. The Pyrenees mountains are situated along the northeast edge of the peninsula, where it adjoins the rest of Europe. Its southern tip is very close to the northwest coast of Africa, separated from it by the Strait of Gibraltar and the Mediterranean Sea. The Iberian Peninsula extends from the southernmost extremity at Punta de Tarifa () to the northernmost extremity at Punta de Estaca de Bares () over a distance between lines of

title: Iberian Peninsula

text: in use as a direct 'descendant' of the Greek word "Ἰβηρία" and the Roman word "Hiberia". The ancient Greeks reached the Iberian Peninsula, of which they had heard from the Phoenicians, by voyaging westward on the Mediterranean. Hecataeus of Miletus was the first known to use the term "Iberia", which he wrote about circa 500 BC. Herodotus of Halicarnassus says of the Phocaeans that "it was they who made the Greeks acquainted with... Iberia." According to Strabo, prior historians used "Iberia" to mean the country "this side of the Ἶβηρος ("")" as far north as the river Rhône in France,

title: Iberian Peninsula

text: plover and common redshank. The Algarve hosts red knot, common greenshank and turnstone. The Guadalquivir Marshes region of Andalusia and the Salinas de Cádiz are especially rich in wintering wading birds: Kentish plover, common ringed plover, sanderling, and black-tailed godwit in addition to the others. And finally, the Ebro delta is home to all the species mentioned above. With the sole exception of Basque, which is of unknown origin, all modern Iberian languages descend from Vulgar Latin and belong to the Western Romance languages. Throughout history (and pre-history), many different languages have been spoken in the Iberian Peninsula, contributing to

title: Iberian Peninsula

text: Iberian abyssal plain at on the west, and Tagus abyssal plain to the south. In the north, between the continental shelf and the abyss, is an extension called the Galicia Bank, a plateau that also contains the Porto, Vigo, and Vasco da Gama seamounts, which form the Galicia interior basin. The southern border of these features is marked by Nazaré Canyon, which splits the continental shelf and leads directly into the abyss. The major rivers flow through the wide valleys between the mountain systems. These are the Ebro, Douro, Tagus, Guadiana and Guadalquivir. All rivers in the Iberian Peninsula are

text: Genetic history of the Iberian Peninsula The ancestry of modern Iberians (comprising the Spanish and Portuguese) is consistent with the geographical situation of the Iberian Peninsula in the south-west corner of Europe. The large predominance of Y-Chromosome Haplogroup R1b, common throughout Western Europe, is the result of Central European invaders during the Bronze Age, making the Spanish and Portuguese population closely related to others from Western Europe. Similar to Sardinia and unlike the Balkans and Italy, Iberia was shielded from settlement from the Bosporus and Caucasus region by its western geographic location, and its low level of Western Asian admixture

title: Forests of the Iberian Peninsula

text: endemic. It is now known that the Mediterranean Sea went through great changes in sea level and variations in the relative positions of the continental plates of Europe and Africa. These brought changes of climate and vegetation. The Iberian Peninsula, located on an important route between Africa and Europe, was enriched by the arrival, following the climate change, of wetland plants, thermophilic plants (those that require a great deal of heat), xerophilic plants (those that require a dry climate), orophilic (sub-alpine) plants, Boreo-alpine plants, and so on, many of which managed to remain, thanks to the diversity of environments that

title: Iberian worm lizard

text: distinct taxonomic clades within "B. cinereus" located on the Iberian peninsula. While morphological characteristics are less defined between the two proposed clades, the genetic variation is incontrovertible and significant enough to make gene flow unlikely. Experts attribute these divergent potential clades, and their potential to continue to differentiate, to constraints of subterranean life. The clades are distinguished based on their locations with "B. cinereus" being located centrally on the peninsula and the second proposed clade "Blanus mariae" located on the southwestern side of the Iberian peninsula. Iberian worm lizard The Iberian worm lizard or European worm lizard ("Blanus cinereus") is

title: Iberian Peninsula

text: their allies, the Alans. Only the kingdom of the Suebi (Quadi and Marcomanni) would endure after the arrival of another wave of Germanic invaders, the Visigoths, who conquered all of the Iberian Peninsula and expelled or partially integrated the Vandals and the Alans. The Visigoths eventually conquered the Suebi kingdom and its capital city, Bracara (modern day Braga), in 584–585. They would also conquer the province of the Byzantine Empire (552–624) of Spania in the south of the peninsula and the Balearic Islands. In 711, a Muslim army invaded the Visigothic Kingdom in Hispania. Under Tariq ibn Ziyad, the Islamic

title: Iberian Peninsula

text: years ago, were found in 1994. Experts have debated whether these skeletons belong to the species "Homo erectus", "Homo heidelbergensis", or a new species called "Homo antecessor". Around 200,000 BP, during the Lower Paleolithic period, Neanderthals first entered the Iberian Peninsula. Around 70,000 BP, during the Middle Paleolithic period, the last glacial event began and the Neanderthal Mousterian culture was established. Around 37,000 BP, during the Upper Paleolithic, the Neanderthal Châtelperronian cultural period began. Emanating from Southern France, this culture extended into the north of the peninsula. It continued to exist until around 30,000 BP, when Neanderthal man faced extinction.

title: Iberian Peninsula

text: Ebro remains unknown. Credence in Polybius imposes certain limitations on etymologizing: if the language remains unknown, the meanings of the words, including Iber, must also remain unknown. In modern Basque, the word "ibar" means "valley" or "watered meadow", while "ibai" means "river", but there is no proof relating the etymology of the Ebro River with these Basque names. The Iberian Peninsula has been inhabited for at least 1.2 million years as remains found in the sites in the Atapuerca Mountains demonstrate. Among these sites is the cave of Gran Dolina, where six hominin skeletons, dated between 780,000 and one million

title: Iberian Peninsula

text: the formation and differentiation of the contemporaneous languages of Iberia; however, most of them have become extinct or fallen into disuse. Basque is the only non-Indo-European surviving language in Iberia and Western Europe. In modern times, Spanish (cf. 30 to 40 million speakers), Portuguese (cf. around 10 million speakers), Catalan (cf. around 9 million speakers), Galician (cf. around 3 million speakers) and Basque (cf. around 1 million speakers) are the most widely spoken languages in the Iberian Peninsula. Spanish and Portuguese have expanded beyond Iberia to the rest of world, becoming global languages. Major industries include mining, tourism, small farms,

title: Iberian Peninsula

text: (LGM) to its current level at 4,000 years BP. The coastal shelf created by sedimentation during that time remains below the surface; however, it was never very extensive on the Atlantic side, as the continental shelf drops rather steeply into the depths. An estimated length of Atlantic shelf is only wide. At the isobath, on the edge, the shelf drops off to . The submarine topography of the coastal waters of the Iberian Peninsula has been studied extensively in the process of drilling for oil. Ultimately, the shelf drops into the Bay of Biscay on the north (an abyss), the

text: and Sicily can be estimated as 5.6 percent, 4.6 percent and 6.6 percent, respectively". A 2007 study estimated the contribution of northern African lineages to the entire male gene pool of Iberia as 5.6%." In general aspects, according to (Bosch et al. 2007) "...the origins of the Iberian Y-chromosome pool may be summarized as follows: 5% recent NW African, 78% Upper Paleolithic and later local derivatives (group IX), and 10% Neolithic" (H58, H71). Recent Mitochondrial DNA studies coincide in that the Iberian Peninsula holds higher levels of typically North African Haplotype U6, as well as higher frequencies of Sub-Saharan African

title: Iberian Peninsula

text: because of an overlapping in political and geographic perspectives. The Latin word "Hiberia", similar to the Greek "Iberia", literally translates to "land of the Hiberians". This word was derived from the river Ebro, which the Romans called "Hiberus". "Hiber" (Iberian) was thus used as a term for peoples living near the river Ebro. The first mention in Roman literature was by the annalist poet Ennius in 200 BC. Virgil refers to the "Ipacatos Hiberos" ("restless Iberi") in his Georgics. The Roman geographers and other prose writers from the time of the late Roman Republic called the entire peninsula "Hispania". As

title: Iberian Peninsula

text: from the east Mediterranean, called the Cardium culture, also extended its influence to the eastern coasts of the peninsula, possibly as early as the 5th millennium BC. These people may have had some relation to the subsequent development of the Iberian civilization. In the Chalcolithic (c. 3000 BC), a series of complex cultures developed that would give rise to the peninsula's first civilizations and to extensive exchange networks reaching to the Baltic, Middle East and North Africa. Around 2800 – 2700 BC, the Beaker culture, which produced the "Maritime Bell Beaker", probably originated in the vibrant copper-using communities of the

title: Monterey Peninsula Country Club

text: Monterey Peninsula Country Club The Monterey Peninsula Country Club is a golf club located in Pebble Beach, California. A Charter for the Monterey Peninsula Country Club was granted by the state of California on January 19, 1925. A month later, an organizational meeting was called. Samuel F. B. Morse was elected president of the newly formed club. Formal opening of the club was on July 2, 1926, with the Dunes Course, a vision of Pebble Beach founder, Samuel F. B. Morse. The club properties account for roughly four hundred acres of land in the central region of the Monterey Peninsula.

text: much more than the half of the total R1b in the Iberian Peninsula. Subsequent in-migration by members of other haplogroups and subclades of R1b did not affect its overall prevalence, although this falls to only two thirds of the total R1b in Valencia and the coast more generally. R-DF27 is also a significant subclade of R1b in parts of France and Britain. However, it is insignificant in Italy; R-S28/R-U152 (R1b1a1a2a1a2b) is the prevailing subclade of R1b in Italy, Switzerland and parts of France, although it represents less than 5.0% of the male population in Iberia. This underlines the lack of

title: Monterey Peninsula Country Club

text: and the Shore course hosted in 1965, 1966 and 1977. "Golf Digest" magazine rated it as the 13th "Best in-state" course for 1997-98. Monterey Peninsula Country Club The Monterey Peninsula Country Club is a golf club located in Pebble Beach, California. A Charter for the Monterey Peninsula Country Club was granted by the state of California on January 19, 1925. A month later, an organizational meeting was called. Samuel F. B. Morse was elected president of the newly formed club. Formal opening of the club was on July 2, 1926, with the Dunes Course, a vision of Pebble Beach founder,

text: probably arrived during the Roman period. Later historical Eastern Mediterranean and Middle Eastern genetic contribution to the Iberia gene-pool was also significant, driven by Phoenicians, Greeks, Carthaginians, Jews and Levantine Arabs. Like Sicily and other parts of Southern Italy, Iberia has a significant level of ancestry, originating both in North Africa and in Sub-Saharan Africa, which is largely ascribed to the long Islamic presence in the Iberian peninsula and possibly African slavery, and the population of the Canary Islands shows a bigger African admixture than the average Southern Europe due to its location as an African archipelago. Significant genetic differences

title: Yorke Peninsula Country Times

text: Times" and the "South Australian Farmer" in 1968. As a result, the newspaper's website traces its origins through previous publications back to 1865. This publication evolved through a number of changes, namely: This publication evolved through a number of changes, namely: In June 1970, the combined newspaper then absorbed the short-lived Yorke Peninsula News Pictorial (1969-1970), which was formed following the merger of The Pioneer (1898-1969) and the Maitland Watch (1911-1969). Its head office is currently located in Goyder Street, Kadina. Yorke Peninsula Country Times The Yorke Peninsula Country Times is a South Australian newspaper which was first published on

title: Iberian Plate

text: known as the Iberian Massif. On the northeast this is bounded by The Pyrenean fold belt, and on the southeast it is bounded by the Betic Foldchain. These twofold chains are part of the Alpine belt. To the west, the peninsula is delimited by the continental boundary formed by the magma poor opening of the Atlantic Ocean. The Hercynian Foldbelt is mostly buried by Mesozoic and Tertiary cover rocks to the east, but nevertheless outcrops through the Iberian Chain and the Catalan Coastal Ranges. Iberian Plate The Iberian Plate with the microcontinent Iberia encompassed not only the Iberian Peninsula but

title: Roman conquest of the Iberian peninsula

text: the battle, which triumphantly showed to the rest of the Iberian peoples how to display the vulnerability of Rome. At the time, the Vetones and Celtiberians had united in resistance, leaving the situation for Rome in this area of Hispania somewhat precarious. Lusitanians, Vetones and Celtiberians raided the Mediterranean coasts, while, to secure their position on the Peninsula, they deployed to North Africa. It was in this year that two new consuls arrived in Hispania, Quintus Fulvius Nobilior and Lucius Mummius. The urgency of restoring dominion over Hispania made the two consuls enter into battle within two and a half

title: Geology of the Iberian Peninsula

text: and the South Portuguese Zone is formed by an ophiolite: the Beja-Acebuches Ophiolite Complex (BAOC). This is made up of high-pressure metamorphic rocks, eclogite and blueschist. These have been thrust in the southwest direction over the top of the rock from the South Portuguese Zone. The South Portuguese Zone (SPZ) is an exotic terrane coming from a different continent to the more northern parts of the Iberian Plate. Prior to 380 Ma the SPZ was part of the Laurasia and attached next to what later became the Grand Banks. This continent was actually to the north of Iberia, which in

title: West Iberian languages

text: West Iberian languages West Iberian is a branch of the Romance languages that includes Castilian (Spanish and Judaeo-Spanish/Ladino), Astur-Leonese (Asturian, Extremaduran, Leonese, Mirandese and Cantabrian), and the modern descendants of Galician-Portuguese (Galician, Portuguese, and the Fala language). According to historical linguistic analysis, these languages are significantly closer to each other in historical terms than to any other living language in the peninsula—including Catalan, the other major Romance language of the Iberian Peninsula. Until a few centuries ago, they formed a dialect continuum covering the western, central and southern parts of the Iberian Peninsula—excepting the Basque and Catalan-speaking territories. This is

title: Iberian scripts

text: Greco-Iberian alphabet, a separate adaptation of the Greek alphabet, was also an Iberian script. It was used mainly in Alicante and Murcia. Likewise, neither the southwestern script, very similar to southeastern Iberian script but used for the Tartessian language, nor the Celtiberian script, a direct adaptation of the northeastern Iberian script used for the Celtiberian language, are technically Iberian scripts. The northeastern Iberian script is often known simply as the Iberian script, because it is the script of 95% of known Iberian inscriptions. These have been found mainly in the northeastern quadrant of the Iberian Peninsula, mostly along the coast

title: Iberian language

text: syllabaries; rather, they are mixed scripts that are normally identified as semi-syllabaries. Regarding their origin there is no agreement among researchers; for some they are linked only to the Phoenician alphabet, while for others the Greek alphabet played a part. The southeastern Iberian script is a semi-syllabary too, but it is more similar to the Tartessian script than to the northeastern Iberian script. The southeastern Iberian inscriptions have been found mainly in the southeastern quadrant of the Iberian Peninsula: eastern Andalusia, Murcia, Albacete, Alicante and Valencia. This script is not completely deciphered. The Greco-Iberian alphabet is a direct adaptation of

title: Iberian Romance languages

text: languages, has official status in the northernmost part of the country. The Iberian Romance languages are a conventional group of Romance languages. Many authors use the term in a geographical sense although they are not necessarily a phylogenetic group (the languages grouped as Iberian Romance may not all directly descend from a common ancestor). Phylogenetically, there is disagreement about what languages should be considered within the Iberian Romance group; for example, some authors consider that East Iberian, also called Occitano-Romance, could be more closely related to languages of northern Italy (or also Franco-Provençal, the langues d'oïl and Rhaeto-Romance). A common

title: Iberian lynx

text: Iberian lynx The Iberian lynx ("Lynx pardinus") is a wild cat species native to the Iberian Peninsula in southwestern Europe that is listed as Endangered on the IUCN Red List. It preys almost exclusively on the European rabbit. In the 20th century, the Iberian lynx population declined because of sharp declines in rabbit populations, caused by myxomatosis, rabbit haemorrhagic disease and overhunting, fragmentation of grassland and forest habitats and poaching. By the turn of the 21st century, the Iberian lynx was on the verge of extinction, as only about 100 individuals survived in two isolated subpopulations in Andalusia. Conservation measures

title: Iberian Plate

text: Iberian Plate The Iberian Plate with the microcontinent Iberia encompassed not only the Iberian Peninsula but also Corsica, Sardinia, the Balearic Islands, and the Briançonnais zone of the Penninic nappes of the Alps. Nowadays, the Iberian plate is a part of the Eurasian plate. The Iberian plate came into existence during the Cadomian Orogeny of the late Neoproterozoic, about 650–550 Ma, on the margin of the Gondwana continent, involving the collisions and accretion of the island arcs of the Central Iberian Plate, Ossa-Morena Plate, South Portuguese Plate. The three plates have never separated substantially from each other since that time

title: Iberian language

text: is hypothetical and perfectible. Iberian language The Iberian language was the language of an indigenous pre-Migration Period people identified by Greek and Roman sources who lived in the eastern and southeastern regions of the Iberian Peninsula. The ancient Iberians can be identified as a rather nebulous local culture between the 7th and 1st century BC. The Iberian language, like all the other Paleohispanic languages except Basque, became extinct by the 1st to 2nd centuries AD, after being gradually replaced by Latin. Iberian is unclassified: while the scripts used to write it have been deciphered to various extents, the language itself

title: Yorke Peninsula Country Times

text: Yorke Peninsula Country Times The Yorke Peninsula Country Times is a South Australian newspaper which was first published on 4 September 1968. It was formed following the merging of the "Kadina, Wallaroo and Moonta Times" and the "South Australian Farmer," representing a combined ancestry of 13 former publications, with the earliest dating back to February 1865. It is headquartered in Kadina and its weekly publications (published Tuesdays) are distributed across "the entire peninsula" from Port Broughton in the north to Stenhouse Bay in the south. The "Yorke Peninsula Country Times" was created following a merger between "Kadina, Wallaroo and Moonta

title: John the Iberian

text: followers, so they both retired to the monastery of Saint Athanasius on Mount Athos. They founded Iviron monastery with the help of John’s brother-in-law, John Thornikos, a retired general. John served as the first abbot of Iviron. John the Iberian John the Iberian (, "Ioane"; died ) was a Georgian monk, who is venerated as a saint. His name refers to the Caucasian Iberia, not to the Spanish peninsula, and he is also known as John the Georgian, John the Hagiorite, and John Iweron. A member of the Georgian nobility, he was married and served as a military commander. However,

title: John the Iberian

text: John the Iberian John the Iberian (, "Ioane"; died ) was a Georgian monk, who is venerated as a saint. His name refers to the Caucasian Iberia, not to the Spanish peninsula, and he is also known as John the Georgian, John the Hagiorite, and John Iweron. A member of the Georgian nobility, he was married and served as a military commander. However, he later became a monk in Bithynia and then traveled to Constantinople to rescue his son, Euthymius the Illuminator ("Euthymius Opplyseren"). Euthymius had been held as a hostage by the emperor. John and his son attracted many

title: Iberian language

text: Iberian language The Iberian language was the language of an indigenous pre-Migration Period people identified by Greek and Roman sources who lived in the eastern and southeastern regions of the Iberian Peninsula. The ancient Iberians can be identified as a rather nebulous local culture between the 7th and 1st century BC. The Iberian language, like all the other Paleohispanic languages except Basque, became extinct by the 1st to 2nd centuries AD, after being gradually replaced by Latin. Iberian is unclassified: while the scripts used to write it have been deciphered to various extents, the language itself remains largely unknown. Links

title: Iberian horse

text: very scarce (less than 40 individuals) mountain big pony variety Iberian horse The Iberian horse is a title given to a number of horse breeds native to the Iberian peninsula. At present, no fewer than 18 horse breeds are officially recognized Iberian horses are thought to be among the oldest types of domesticated horses. Modern Iberian breeds tend to be of a Baroque horse type that resemble their most famous member, the Andalusian horse, in conformation. The Lusitano, Sorraia and Garrano are of Portuguese origin, and the remaining are of Spanish. These include the Asturcón, Burguete, Caballo de Monte del

title: Iberian horse

text: Iberian horse The Iberian horse is a title given to a number of horse breeds native to the Iberian peninsula. At present, no fewer than 18 horse breeds are officially recognized Iberian horses are thought to be among the oldest types of domesticated horses. Modern Iberian breeds tend to be of a Baroque horse type that resemble their most famous member, the Andalusian horse, in conformation. The Lusitano, Sorraia and Garrano are of Portuguese origin, and the remaining are of Spanish. These include the Asturcón, Burguete, Caballo de Monte del País Vasco, Pura Raza Gallega, Pura Raza Española (Andalusian horse),

title: Iberian ibex

text: Iberian ibex The Iberian ibex, Spanish ibex, Spanish wild goat, or Iberian wild goat ("Capra pyrenaica") is a species of ibex with four subspecies. Of these, two can still be found on the Iberian Peninsula, but the remaining two are now extinct. The Portuguese subspecies became extinct in 1892 and the Pyrenean subspecies became extinct in 2000. An ongoing project to clone to the Pyrenean subspecies resulted in one clone being born alive in January 2009. This is the first taxon to become "un-extinct", although the clone died a few minutes after birth due to physical defects in lungs. The

title: Iberian ribbed newt

text: Iberian ribbed newt The Iberian ribbed newt or Spanish ribbed newt ("Pleurodeles waltl") is a newt endemic to the central and southern Iberian Peninsula and Morocco. It is the largest European newt species and it is also known for its sharp ribs which can puncture through its sides, and as such is also called the sharp-ribbed newt. This species should not be confused with the different species with similar common name, the Iberian newt ("Lissotriton boscai"). The Iberian ribbed newt has tubercles running down each side. Through these, its sharp ribs can puncture. The ribs act as a defense mechanism,

title: History of the Jews in Portugal

text: area after that period. In 711, the Moorish invasion of the Iberian Peninsula was seen by many in the Jewish population as a liberation, and marked as the beginning of what many have seen as the Golden age of Jewish culture in the Iberian Peninsula (the Islamic Al-Andalus), even if the Jews, as well as the Christians (the Mozarabs of the Visigothic rite), under Muslim rule were considered Dhimmi, and had to pay a special tax. Rapidly in the 8th century, the Christian kingdoms of the north mountainous areas of the Iberian Peninsula (Kingdom of Asturias) started a long military

title: Forests of the Iberian Peninsula

text: so that the woodlands that are most dependent on the aquifer are on the riverbank, that is, (alders and willow groves) and those less dependent on water are located further away, such as the (ash, elm, and poplar groves). These woodlands are formed by willows, poplars, alder, ash, elm and sometimes by Pyrenean oak ("Quercus pyrenaica"), lime trees, birches and hazel trees. When the humidity starts to diminish in barren areas of the Ebro valley, the Levante and the southern half of the peninsula, the dryness is often accompanied by an increase of salts in the ground; under such conditions

title: Black Iberian pig

text: the production of prime-quality ham. The bulk of the acorn harvest comes from the holm oak ("Quercus ilex") from November to February, but the season would be too short without the earlier harvests of Pyrenean oak ("Quercus pyrenaica") and Portuguese or gall oak ("Quercus lusitanica"), and the late cork oak ("Quercus suber") season, which between them extend the acorn-production period from September almost to April. Black Iberian pig The Iberian pig is a traditional breed of the domestic pig ("Sus scrofa domesticus") that is native to the Iberian Peninsula. The Iberian pig, whose origins can probably be traced back to

title: Iberian language

text: script most frequently used (95% of the extant texts (Untermann 1990)). The northeastern Iberian inscriptions have been found mainly in the northeastern quadrant of the Iberian Peninsula: chiefly on the coast from Languedoc-Roussillon to Alicante, but with a deep penetration into the Ebro valley. This script is almost completely deciphered. All the paleohispanic scripts, with the exception of the Greco-Iberian alphabet, share a common distinctive typological characteristic: they use signs with syllabic value for the occlusives and signs with monophonematic value for the remaining consonants and for vowels. From a writing systems point of view they are neither alphabets nor

title: Iberian language

text: the Iberian language inscriptions is uncertain. It seems that the culture reached the interior through the Ebro river ("Iberus" in Latin) as far as Salduie (Zaragoza) but not farther. Among the pre-Roman peoples of the Iberian Peninsula the following might have spoken the Iberian language: Ausetani (northeastern Catalonia), Ilergetes (Lleida and Huesca up to the Pyrenees), Indigetes (coast of Girona), Laietani (Barcelona), Cassetani (Tarragona), Ilercavones (Murcia and Levante up to Tarragona), Edetani (Valencia, Castellón and Teruel), Contestani (Valencia, Alicante, Cartagena and Albacete), Bastetani (Granada, Almería and Murcia) and Oretani (Jaén, Ciudad Real, Albacete and Cuenca). Turduli and Turdetani are believed