query: what is the language called in turkey?

title: Laz people in Turkey

text: second language. The Turkish public sometimes uses the name "Laz" generally to refer to all inhabitants of Turkey's Black Sea provinces east of Samsun, and the word is often associated with certain social stereotypes. However, the Laz themselves are increasingly keen to differentiate themselves from other inhabitants of these regions. Also, the non-Laz does not want to be called "Laz", preferring to be called "Karadenizli" ("from the Black Sea region"). The Laz language ("Lazca" in Turkish) is a Kartvelian language, also known as South Caucasian, unrelated to the Black Sea dialect of Turkish language. Laz people in Turkey The Laz

title: Circassians in Turkey

text: Circassian as first language, which was roughly 0.2% of the population. Proportionally, these were most numerous in Kayseri (3.2%), Tokat (1.2%) and Kahramanmaraş (1.0). Another 48,621 citizens spoke Circassian as second language. Circassians in Turkey The Circassians in Turkey (East Circassian and West Circassian: Адыгэхэр Тырку, "Adyghexer Tyrku"; ) are one of the largest ethnic minorities in Turkey, with a population between 130,000 and 2 million. The closely related ethnic groups Abazins (10,000) and Abkhazians (39,000) are also often counted among them. Circassians are a Caucasian immigrant people, but the vast majority of them have assimilated to the Turkish language,

title: Kurds in Turkey

text: destruction in residential areas. Between 1982 and 1991 the performance or recording of songs in the Kurdish language was banned in Turkey, affecting singers such as Şivan Perwer, Mahsun Kırmızıgül and İbrahim Tatlıses. However a black market has long existed in Turkey, and pirate radio stations and underground recordings have always been available. Although there was no ban on performing Kurdish language music, it was effectively prevented from being broadcast on radio or television through censorship. Şivan Perwer is a composer, vocalist and tembûr player. He concentrates mainly on political and nationalistic music—of which he is considered the founder in

title: Racism in Turkey

text: a subject. Several attempts at opening Kurdish instruction centers were stopped on technical grounds, such as wrong dimensions of doors. Turkish sources claimed that running Kurdish-language schools was wound up in 2004 because of 'an apparent lack of interest'. Even though Kurdish language schools have started to operate, many of them have been forced to shut down due to over-regulation by the state. Kurdish language institutes have been monitored under strict surveillance and bureaucratic pressure. Using Kurdish language as main education language is illegal in Turkey. It is accepted only as subject courses. Kurdish is permitted as a subject in

title: Circassians in Turkey

text: Circassians in Turkey The Circassians in Turkey (East Circassian and West Circassian: Адыгэхэр Тырку, "Adyghexer Tyrku"; ) are one of the largest ethnic minorities in Turkey, with a population between 130,000 and 2 million. The closely related ethnic groups Abazins (10,000) and Abkhazians (39,000) are also often counted among them. Circassians are a Caucasian immigrant people, but the vast majority of them have assimilated to the Turkish language, and only a small minority still speak their native Circassian languages. The Circassians in Turkey are almost exclusively Sunni Muslims of Hanafi madh'hab. In the census of 1965, 58,339 Turkish citizens spoke

title: Education in Turkey

text: 2,000 technical school students and officially 18,000 medrese students of whom 6,000 are claimed to be actual students and the rest who registered to be excluded from military service. The population of Turkey was at that moment some 13–14 million. On 1 November 1928 Law no 1353 introduced a new Latin-based alphabet was accepted. In 1931, the Turkish Association of History, and in 1932, the Turkish Language Association were established to protect Turkish from influences of foreign languages, improve it as science suggests and prevent misuse of the Turkish language. Until 1997 children in Turkey were obliged to take five

title: Human rights in Turkey

text: spoken in Turkey. Some of the Kurdish courses were closed down by their owners in 2005 due to their limitations and a lack of interest. However, as of 2010, there were active Kurdish language minor subject courses with increasing number of students. In 2010, state-owned Mardin Artuklu University started a master-level Kurdish language and literature ("Kurdology")program. Dicle University, another Turkish state university in Diyarbakır, started to give Kurdish courses in June 2011. In September 2011, the first undergraduate level Kurdish Language and Literature Department in Turkey was opened in the Mardin Artuklu University. According to the deputy rector of the

title: Kurds in Turkey

text: 1923. The Turkish government categorized Kurds as "Mountain Turks" until 1991, and the words "Kurds", "Kurdistan", or "Kurdish" were officially banned by the Turkish government. Following the military coup of 1980, the Kurdish language was officially prohibited in public and private life. Many people who spoke, published, or sang in Kurdish were arrested and imprisoned. In Turkey, it is illegal to use Kurdish as a language of instruction in both public and private schools. The Kurdish language is only allowed as a subject in some schools. Since the 1980s, Kurdish movements have included both peaceful political activities for basic civil

title: Armenians in Turkey

text: Armenian historical grievances through publishing of articles and opinions in the Turkish language addressed to the Turkish public opinion. His assassination in front of his newspaper offices on January 19, 2007 turned into an occasion for expression of national grief throughout Turkey and the rallying of great support for the concerns of the Armenian community in Turkey by the general Turkish public. Dink was best known for advocating Turkish-Armenian reconciliation and human and minority rights in Turkey; he was often critical of both Turkey's denial of the Armenian Genocide, and of the Armenian diaspora's campaign for its international recognition. Dink

title: Kurds in Turkey

text: has condemned Turkey for the thousands of human rights abuses. The judgments are related to executions of Kurdish civilians, torturing, forced displacements, destroyed villages, arbitrary arrests, murdered and disappeared Kurdish journalists. The latest judgments are from 2014. The European Commission Against Racism and Intolerance (ECRI) reports that (as of April 2010): "The public use by officials of the Kurdish language lays them open to prosecution, and public defence by individuals of Kurdish or minority interests also frequently leads to prosecutions under the Criminal Code." From the 1994 briefing at the International Human Rights Law Group: "the problem in Turkey is

title: Turkey in the Eurovision Song Contest 2008

text: Turkey in the Eurovision Song Contest 2008 "Turkey" competed in the Eurovision Song Contest 2008 in Belgrade. The Turkish broadcaster Türkiye Radyo ve Televizyon Kurumu (TRT) chose the band Mor ve Ötesi to represent them with internal selection process. The band submitted three songs for the appointed jury to choose from. Their song "Deli" ("Crazy") was revealed on Friday, 15 February at 18.30 (CET), when Mor ve Ötesi performed their entry during the evening news on TRT 1. Deli is a powerful rock song entirely in the Turkish language. A press conference followed the song presentation at TRT Tepebasi Studio,

title: Human rights in Turkey

text: improvement of minorities language rights in Turkey, the only language of instruction in the education system is Turkish language. Minority languages are illegal to use as a main languages in the education. Minorities are allowed to study their languages only as a minor subject in private and public educational institutions. Until reforms that started in 2002, there were legal restrictions on publishing in minority languages except for Greek, Armenian and Hebrew which are the languages of minorities officially recognized by the Lausanne Treaty. Since September 2002, those minorities, too, have the right to operate private courses that teach any language

title: What Is This Thing Called Love?

text: What Is This Thing Called Love? "What Is This Thing Called Love?" is a 1929 popular song written by Cole Porter, for the musical "Wake Up and Dream". It was first performed by Elsie Carlisle in March 1929. The song has become a popular jazz standard and one of Porter's most often played compositions. "Wake Up and Dream" ran for 263 shows in London. The show was also noticed in New York, and the critics praised Tilly Losch's performance of the song. The show was produced on Broadway in December 1929; in the American rendition, "What Is This Thing Called

title: Georgians in Turkey

text: northeast Turkey. The Laz speak the Laz language, a member of the same South Caucasian language family as Georgian, Svan, and Mingrelian. The Laz language is classified as endangered by UNESCO, with an estimated 130,000 to 150,000 speakers in 2001. Georgians in Turkey Georgians in Turkey () refers to citizens and denizens of Turkey who are, or descend from, ethnic Georgians who originate in Georgia. Chveneburi had arrived in Turkey basically in three waves of migration due to pogroms and what is now termed ethnic cleansing of Caucasians by the Russian Empire. The first wave was during and after the

title: In What Language?

text: In What Language? In What Language? is a studio album by American jazz pianist Vijay Iyer recorded with hip-hop artist Mike Ladd. The album was released on via Pi Recordings label. Joe Tangari of "Piitchfork" mentioned "What might make "In What Language?" truly important, though, is that it's focused intently on probing social issues in meaningful ways. We've all spent time lately lamenting the fact that modern music is so apolitical, and this is a good start for an antidote. If it takes a poet and a jazz pianist to expose some truth in an age where the American dream

title: In What Language?

text: eyes, our bodies, our hearts, our minds." In What Language? In What Language? is a studio album by American jazz pianist Vijay Iyer recorded with hip-hop artist Mike Ladd. The album was released on via Pi Recordings label. Joe Tangari of "Piitchfork" mentioned "What might make "In What Language?" truly important, though, is that it's focused intently on probing social issues in meaningful ways. We've all spent time lately lamenting the fact that modern music is so apolitical, and this is a good start for an antidote. If it takes a poet and a jazz pianist to expose some truth

title: What Is This Thing Called Love?

text: forms the basis of several jazz compositions (contrafact), such as "Hot House" by Tadd Dameron What Is This Thing Called Love? "What Is This Thing Called Love?" is a 1929 popular song written by Cole Porter, for the musical "Wake Up and Dream". It was first performed by Elsie Carlisle in March 1929. The song has become a popular jazz standard and one of Porter's most often played compositions. "Wake Up and Dream" ran for 263 shows in London. The show was also noticed in New York, and the critics praised Tilly Losch's performance of the song. The show was

title: In What Language?

text: is being able to watch TV and play video games at the same time, so be it. We can only hope it inspires real discourse and real thought." Lyn Horton of All About Jazz noted "A concrete lesson seems to emanate from "In What Language?" and it is this: that no matter what language distinguishes the nature of the present global geo-political culture, the language spoken has a clear and consistent meaning borne in its content. The language transcends any dialect. And if we are determined enough, within our commonly shared humanity, we can speak the same language. In our

title: What Is This Thing Called Love? (short story)

text: other, and wind up engaging in reproductive activities after all. What Is This Thing Called Love? (short story) "What Is This Thing Called Love?" is a science fiction short story by Isaac Asimov. The story was requested by Cele Goldsmith Lalli, editor of "Amazing Stories", as a satire of an article in "Playboy" called "Girls of the Slime God" which had suggested that pulp science fiction stories were concerned with aliens and sex. The story appeared in the March 1961 issue of "Amazing" as "Playboy and the Slime God", but Asimov later retitled it "What Is This Thing Called Love?"

text: What Is This Thing Called Love? (short story) "What Is This Thing Called Love?" is a science fiction short story by Isaac Asimov. The story was requested by Cele Goldsmith Lalli, editor of "Amazing Stories", as a satire of an article in "Playboy" called "Girls of the Slime God" which had suggested that pulp science fiction stories were concerned with aliens and sex. The story appeared in the March 1961 issue of "Amazing" as "Playboy and the Slime God", but Asimov later retitled it "What Is This Thing Called Love?" According to Asimov, in "1938-39 ... for some half a

title: YDS (Language Proficiency Test administered in Turkey)

text: YDS (Language Proficiency Test administered in Turkey) The YDS (Yabancı Dil Seviye Belirleme Sınavıdır) is an English language proficiency test, mostly taken by civil servants, academics and military personnel. It is administered by ÖSYM in Turkey in order to evaluate the foreign-language skills, especially of governmental employees. The state pays extra money to public servants and employees of state agencies depending on their score on the test, and also uses this test to appoint employees to the positions located out of the country. The test is administered every six months and is taken by more than 100,000 people. It can

title: What Is This Thing Called Love? (Alexander O'Neal song)

text: What Is This Thing Called Love? (Alexander O'Neal song) "What Is This Thing Called Love?" is a song written by Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis and recorded by American recording artist Alexander O'Neal. It is the second single from the singer's fourth solo album, "All True Man" (1991). The song's distinctive backing vocals were performed by Lisa Keith. Following the successful chart performances of the "All True Man" single "All True Man", "What Is This Thing Called Love?" was released as the album's second single. Alexander O'Neal's 19th hit single and it reached #53 in the UK Singles Chart. In

text: the United States, the single reached #21 on Billboard's Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles & Tracks. Credits are adapted from the album's liner notes. What Is This Thing Called Love? (Alexander O'Neal song) "What Is This Thing Called Love?" is a song written by Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis and recorded by American recording artist Alexander O'Neal. It is the second single from the singer's fourth solo album, "All True Man" (1991). The song's distinctive backing vocals were performed by Lisa Keith. Following the successful chart performances of the "All True Man" single "All True Man", "What Is This Thing Called Love?"

title: Latin Church in Turkey

text: Latin Church in Turkey Levantines in Turkey or Turkish Levantines, refers to the descendants of Europeans who settled in the coastal cities of the Ottoman Empire in order to be engaged in trade especially after the Tanzimat Era. Their estimated population is around 1,000. They mainly reside in Istanbul, İzmir and Mersin. Anatolian Muslims called Levantines "Frenk" (first used for French then for all non-Orthodox Europeans) and "Sweet Water Freng" (due to their high-standard life style) in addition to "Levanten". The term "Levant" comes from the French language. It means 'rising' (sun, i.e. East; the Latin word 'orient' had the

title: Georgians in Turkey

text: census of 1965, 34,330 Turkish citizens spoke Georgian as mother language. Proportionally, they were most numerous in Artvin (3.7%), Ordu (0.9%) and Kocaeli (0.8%). 4,042 of these could only speak Georgian. Another 44,934 spoke Georgian as second best language. Georgians live scattered throughout Turkey, although they are concentrated on two major regions of residence: Magnarella estimated the number of Georgians in Turkey to have been over 60,000 in 1979. Chveneburi (, ), meaning "of us" in Georgian, is an autonym of Muslim immigrants of Georgian descent who had settled in non-Georgian majority regions of Turkey, thus, "of us" signifies a

title: Albanians in Turkey

text: and or background upward to 5 million. In the census of 1965, 12,832 Turkish citizens spoke Albanian as first language, which is only 0.04% of the population. However, there were 403,445 "Albanian speakers" in total. These people were mostly living in Bursa (0.3%), Sakarya (0.2%), Tokat (0.2%) and Istanbul (0.2%). Another 390,613 spoke Albanian as second language (1.28% of Turkey's population). Together, Albanian speaking population in Turkey according to the census of 1965 was 403,445 or 1.3% of the total population of Turkey. According to a 2008 report prepared for the National Security Council of Turkey by academics of three

text: with aliens and sex. According to Asimov the article was mostly based on "Marvel" since its contents had been the raciest. Cele Goldsmith Lalli, editor of "Amazing Stories", requested a satire of the "Playboy" article. Asimov set out to write a story telling how a sex-interested alien and humans might "really" interact. The story appeared in the March 1961 issue of "Amazing" as "Playboy and the Slime God", but when Asimov included it in his 1969 collection "Nightfall and Other Stories" he retitled it "What Is This Thing Called Love?" Goldsmith Lalli rewrote the story's last three paragraphs, a change

title: Albanians in Turkey

text: Turkey after 1992. In 1999, some Albanians arrived to Turkey fleeing the conflict in Kosovo. Albanians from this third group have mainly settled in large urban centres located in western areas of Turkey. There are Albanian language schools in Turkey. The "Turkish-Albanian Brotherhood Culture and Solidarity Association" aims to preserve Albanian culture and traditions by hosting cultural nights and folklore festivals. This organization based in Bayrampaşa (Istanbul) has three branches located in Küçükçekmece and in the provinces of Ankara and Bursa. It also provides Albanian language classes throughout the year and organizes celebrations to commemorate the independence of Albania. Albanians

title: Romani people in Turkey

text: Romani people in Turkey The Romani people in Turkey () are an ethnic minority. There are officially about 500,000 Romani in Turkey. By different Turkish and Non-Turkish estimates the number of Romani is up to 4 or 5 million while according to a Turkish source, they are only 0.05% of Turkey's population. The Romani people in Turkey originate from Northern India, presumably from the northwestern Indian states Rajasthan and Punjab. The linguistic evidence has indisputably shown that roots of Romani language lie in India: The language has grammatical characteristics of Indian languages and shares with them a big part of

title: Pomaks in Turkey

text: Pomaks in Turkey The Pomaks in Turkey refers to an ethnic group, who are predominantly Muslim and speak their own dialect of Bulgarian. They mostly live in Eastern Thrace, though some are also present in Anatolia. In the census of 1965, 23,138 Turkish citizens spoke Pomak as mother language. Proportionally, they were most numerous in Edirne (3.4%), Kırklareli (1.3%) and Çanakkale (1.0%). 2,776 of these could only speak Pomak . Another 34,234 spoke Pomak as second best language. The Pomaks of Turkey speak a Bulgarian dialect. According to Ethnologue at present 300,000 Pomaks in European Turkey speak Bulgarian as mother

title: Minorities in Turkey

text: language programs and elementary schools offer minority language classes. A 2008 report from the Turkish National Security Council (MGK) estimated that approximately 1.3 million people of Albanian ancestry live in Turkey, and more than 500,000 recognizing their ancestry, language and culture. There are other estimates however that place the number of people in Turkey with Albanian ancestry and or background upward to 5 million. However, these assumptions of the Turkish government are rejected by scholars who explain they are without any basis. Today, the existence of Bosniaks in the country is evident everywhere. In cities like İstanbul, Eskişehir, Ankara, İzmir,

title: What Is History?

text: and were instead products of their own places and times, which in turn decided what "facts of the past" they determined into "facts of history". British historian Richard J. Evans said "What Is History?" caused a revolution in British historiography in the 1960s. Australian historian Keith Windschuttle, a critic of Carr, said "What Is History?" is one of the most influential books written about historiography, and that very few historians working in the English language since the 1960s had not read it. What Is History? What Is History? is a study that was written by the English historian E. H.

title: What Is the What

text: That Happens Will Happen Today". Tom Tykwer plans to adapt the novel into a film. In 2009, the novel received the Prix Médicis étranger in France. What Is the What What Is the What: The Autobiography of Valentino Achak Deng is a 2006 novel written by Dave Eggers. It is based on the life of Valentino Achak Deng, a Sudanese child refugee who immigrated to the United States under the Lost Boys of Sudan program. It was a finalist for the National Book Award. As a boy, Achak is separated from his family during the Second Sudanese Civil War when

title: What Is the What

text: What Is the What What Is the What: The Autobiography of Valentino Achak Deng is a 2006 novel written by Dave Eggers. It is based on the life of Valentino Achak Deng, a Sudanese child refugee who immigrated to the United States under the Lost Boys of Sudan program. It was a finalist for the National Book Award. As a boy, Achak is separated from his family during the Second Sudanese Civil War when the Arab militia, referred to as "murahaleen" (which is Arabic for the deported), wipes out his Dinka village, Marial Bai. During the assault, he loses sight

title: History of the Jews in Turkey

text: History of the Jews in Turkey The history of the Jews in Turkey (, Turkish Jews; "Yehudim Turkim", ) covers the 2,400 years that Jews have lived in what is now Turkey. There have been Jewish communities in Asia Minor since at least the 5th century BCE and many Spanish and Portuguese Jews expelled from Spain were welcomed into the Ottoman Empire (including regions part of modern Turkey) in the late 15th century, 20 centuries later, forming the bulk of the Ottoman Jews. Today, the vast majority of Turkish Jews live in Israel, while modern-day Turkey continues to host a

title: Romani people in Turkey

text: Çerge (nomad), who believed to be descendants of India, and the Firavun (claimed to be descendant's of Egyptian Pharao's). Romani People in Turkey speak Turkish as there first language, romani language is not longer in practise. Marriage's with non Romani People are not seldom. The Majority of Y-DNA of the Romani People in Turkey are 97% R2(R-M479), 58% H(H-M82) and 39% are R1(R-M173). The descendants of the Ottoman Romani today are known as Xoraxane Romani. They are of the Islamic faith and practise male Khitan (circumcision). In Edirne, the Kakava festival is held all year. In modern Turkey, Xoraxane Romani

title: What Is the Fastest Thing in the World?

text: owner. She called out which was the rightful owner, and the king said she had meddled and must go home. She asked him to eat one last meal with her, and then she drugged it. When he was asleep, she put him in the carriage and went home. When the king woke, she told him she was entitled to him, because she valued him most of everything in the castle. The king took her back to the castle and gave her the right to judge all his affairs. What Is the Fastest Thing in the World? What Is the Fastest

title: Bosniaks in Turkey

text: notable Bosniak communities in İzmir, Karamürsel, Yalova, Bursa and Edirne. In the 1965 Census, 17,627 Turkish citizens spoke Bosnian as a first language, which is only 0.05% of the population. These people were mostly living in Kocaeli (1.2%), Sakarya (0.7%), Kırklareli (0.4%) and Izmir (0.2%). Another 34,892 spoke Bosnian as a second language. There are currently an estimated 106,000 Turkish citizens identifying as Bosniaks; however, an article published in "Milliyet" in 2008 suggests that there may be as high as 2 million people of Bosniak descent in Turkey, with high concentrations living in Adapazarı, Izmir, and Manisa. Bosniaks in Turkey

title: What Is Literature?

text: The art of writing is deeply linked to freedom and thus ventures into the fields of politics and democracy. The poet frees himself by disassociation, and the prose writer fulfills a duty to utilize language for the end of a conceived free society. What Is Literature? What Is Literature? (), also published as "Literature and Existentialism",) is an essay by French philosopher and novelist Jean-Paul Sartre, published by Gallimard in 1948. Initially published in freestanding essays across French literary journals "Les Temps modernes", "Situations I" and "Situations II", essays "What is Writing?" and "Why Write?" were translated into English and

title: History of the Jews in Turkey

text: who have been able to prove that they are descended from Jews expelled from Portugal in 1497, have emigrated to Portugal and acquired Portuguese citizenship. History of the Jews in Turkey The history of the Jews in Turkey (, Turkish Jews; "Yehudim Turkim", ) covers the 2,400 years that Jews have lived in what is now Turkey. There have been Jewish communities in Asia Minor since at least the 5th century BCE and many Spanish and Portuguese Jews expelled from Spain were welcomed into the Ottoman Empire (including regions part of modern Turkey) in the late 15th century, 20 centuries

title: Education in Turkey

text: 2011 the Ministry of Education, under pressure from the Prime Minister to improve the learning of English in Turkey, announced that the approach to language would be thoroughly revised, part of which would include a plan to hire 40,000 foreigners as language assistants in public schools. As a result of the poor standards achieved by the public system many students take an intensive English language "prep year" when entering university. These are offered by both state and private universities throughout Turkey. In 2012, the Ministry of Education included Kurdish (based on both Kurmanji and Zazaki dialects) to the academic programme

title: Kurds in Turkey

text: the Constitution is against the Kurds and the apartheid constitution is very similar to it." In 1998 Leyla Zana received a jail sentence. This prompted one member of the U.S. House of Representative, Elizabeth Furse, to accuse Turkey of being a racist state and continuing to deny the Kurds a voice in the state". Abbas Manafy from New Mexico Highlands University claims "The Kurdish deprivation of their own culture, language, and tradition is incompatible with democratic norms. It reflects an apartheid system that victimizes minorities like Armenians, Kurds, and Alevis." Kurds in Turkey Kurds in Turkey refers to people born

text: be taken electronically. It is administered in several languages, but mainly in English. It is carried out in several cities throughout Turkey on the first Sundays of May and November. The test consists of 80 multiple-choice questions to be finished within 180 minutes. The questions mainly deal with English vocabulary, English language grammatical structures, sentence completion, English-Turkish translation, Turkish-English translation, English paragraph completion, locating the irrelevant sentence in a paragraph, restatement, dialogue completion and reading comprehension passages. The fact that the test evaluates only the reading comprehension skills while ignoring the listening, speaking and writing skills has been harshly criticised.

title: Villages of Turkey

text: 51 provinces. Thus the other villages, except for the more populous villages with municipalities of their own, ( ) don't have any municipal services other than what can be carried on by the muhtars. Some examples of Turkish villages (Except Çakırlar and Ayvalı all of them are officially called neighborhood) Villages of Turkey A village () is the smallest settlement unit in Turkey. There are 81 provinces () in Turkey. The governor of each province is called "vali". There are a number of districts () in each province. In İstanbul, the most populous province, the number of districts is 39.

title: Albanians in Turkey

text: Albanians in Turkey Albanians in Turkey (, ) are ethnic Albanian citizens and denizens of Turkey. They consist of Albanians who arrived during the Ottoman period, Kosovar/Macedonian and Tosk Cham Albanians fleeing from Serbian and Greek persecution after the beginning of the Balkan Wars, alongside some Albanians from Montenegro and Albania proper. A 2008 report from the Turkish National Security Council (MGK) estimated that approximately 1.3 million people of Albanian ancestry live in Turkey, and more than 500,000 recognizing their ancestry, language and culture. There are other estimates however that place the number of people in Turkey with Albanian ancestry

title: Turkey fryer

text: is lit to the time the turkey is removed and the oil is cooled. There is also a possibility that an overheated turkey fryer can explode. Also, if the oil ignites, it can be what one Underwriters Laboratories representative called "a vertical flame thrower". A number of homes and other buildings (such as garages) have been destroyed due to the unsafe use of a turkey fryer and UL has refused to list turkey fryers, releasing a short and graphic explanatory video on their concerns. Deep-frying requires a cooking oil with a high smoke point such as canola oil, peanut oil,

title: CIA activities in Turkey

text: June 2006 stated that the Turkish military had allowed the use of Incirlik Air Base as a refueling stop for "detainee movement operations" since 2002. According to intelligence sources quoted by Seymour Hersh, in early 2012 the CIA set up in co-operation with Turkey what it called "the Rat Line", a covert operation to obtain and transport, using proxies and front companies, armaments from Libya to rebel groups in Syria via southern Turkey. The CIA's part in the operation reportedly ended as a result of the mass evacuation of CIA operatives from the American consulate in Benghazi, Libya, after the

title: Time in Turkey

text: Time in Turkey Time in Turkey is given by year-round. This time is also called Turkey Time (TRT) or Türkiye Saati İle (TSİ). The time is currently same as in the Arabia Standard Time, Further-eastern European Time and Moscow Time zone. Turkey Time was adopted by the Turkish government on September 8, 2016. It was also in use in the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus until it reverted to EET in October 2017. Until 2016, Turkey was using Eastern European Time (EET) in the winter () and Eastern European Summer Time (EEST) () during the summer. The date for transition

title: Turkey

text: Turkey, is one of the oldest permanently settled regions in the world. Various ancient Anatolian populations have lived in Anatolia, from at least the Neolithic period until the Hellenistic period. Many of these peoples spoke the Anatolian languages, a branch of the larger Indo-European language family. In fact, given the antiquity of the Indo-European Hittite and Luwian languages, some scholars have proposed Anatolia as the hypothetical centre from which the Indo-European languages radiated. The European part of Turkey, called Eastern Thrace, has also been inhabited since at least forty thousand years ago, and is known to have been in the

title: Republicanism in Turkey

text: republicanism and in modern times this form of government is called "republican" in English, but in pre-modern times it is not generally called republicanism. Republicanism in Turkey An important influence of Republicanism in Turkey formed a new republic in 1923 after the fall of the Ottoman Empire. In the Ottoman Empire an inherited aristocracy and sultinate suppressed republican ideas until the successful republican revolution of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk in the 1920s. Atatürk preached six basic principles. His Six Arrows were Republicanism, Populism, Secularism, Reformism, Nationalism, and Statism). In the 21st century Turkey has sought admission to the European Union on

title: Georgians in Turkey

text: Georgians in Turkey Georgians in Turkey () refers to citizens and denizens of Turkey who are, or descend from, ethnic Georgians who originate in Georgia. Chveneburi had arrived in Turkey basically in three waves of migration due to pogroms and what is now termed ethnic cleansing of Caucasians by the Russian Empire. The first wave was during and after the Russo-Turkish War, 1828-1829 when the Sublime Porte consigned its sovereignty over several parts of Georgia to the Russian Empire. Minor immigrations had also followed until the end of Russo-Turkish War, 1877–1878 when Ottoman Empire allowed Chveneburi to immigrate, the major

title: Turkey in the Straw

text: Turkey in the Straw "Turkey in the Straw" is a well-known American folk song dating from the early 19th century. The first part of the song's tune may be derived from the ballad "My Grandmother Lived on Yonder Little Green" which was a derivative of the Irish ballad "The Old Rose Tree." Originally a tune for fiddle players, it was first popularised in minstrel shows during the late 1820s and early 1830s by blackface performers, notably George Washington Dixon and Bob Farrell. This version mentions tuckahoe ("Peltandra virginica", also called green arrow arum), an edible wetland plant with long petioles:

title: Armenians in Turkey

text: added Western Armenian in its annual "Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger" where the Western Armenian language in Turkey is defined as a definitely endangered language. The Western Armenian language is markedly different in grammar, pronunciation and spelling from the Eastern Armenian language spoken in Armenia, Iran and Russia, although they are both mutually intelligible. Western Armenian still keeps the classical Armenian orthography known as Mashdotsian Spelling, whereas Eastern Armenian adopted reformed spelling in the 1920s (Eastern Armenian in Iran did not adopt this reform then). From the early 18th century until around 1950, and for almost 250 years,

title: Surfing in Turkey

text: to Turkey. In 2013, he represented Turkey for the first time in ISA World Surfing Games where national athletes compete. The culture of surfing in Turkey dates back to Ottoman Empire time where locals used to body surf in Black Sea region. This particular body surf activity is called "viya". This tradition is still in place where many locals are performing "viya" in Black Sea and Mediterranean region to this day. Surfing in Turkey Turkey offers warm and crystal clear waves of Mediterranean on the south as well as wind swells of Black Sea on the north. The wave period

title: Telephone numbers in Turkey

text: former area codes other than the primary one mentioned. The country calling code of Turkey is 90. trunk / inner - city code number : 0 international code : 00 Ankara DMS-300 Istanbul DMS-300 İzmir DMS-300 Ankara, İstanbul and İzmir DMS-300 International Exchanges Accept: L/D + area code + subscriber number + ST L /D = language digit : 0 (direct dialing) L /D = language digit : 2 (operator assistance) There are two international operator centers in Turkey, Ankara and İstanbul. Each one of these centers provides operator telephone services according ITU/T dialing: L/D + code11 + ST (Random)

title: Laz people in Turkey

text: Laz people in Turkey The Laz people in Turkey (Turkish: Türkiye Lazları, Laz: ლაზეფე თურქონაშე "Lazepe Turkonaşe") refers to an ethnic group who are native to eastern Black Sea coast of southwestern Georgia, and their descendants. Most Laz people today live in Turkey, but the Laz minority group has no official status in Turkey. Their number today is estimated at 2,250,000. In the census of 1965, 26,007 Turkish citizens spoke Laz as mother language. Proportionally, they were most numerous in Artvin (5.8%), Rize (2.0%) and Sakarya (0.7%). 3,943 of these could only speak Laz. Another 55,158 spoke Laz as their

title: Serbs in Turkey

text: 58,802 spoke Serbian as a second language. Serbs in Turkey The Serbs in Turkey are Turkish citizens of Serbian descent or Serbia-born people who reside in Turkey. During the age of the Ottoman Empire most of Serbia and the Balkans were under Turkish control, and many Serbs moved to Istanbul and Anatolia for reasons ranging from economic to forceful relocation. Many Janissaries were of Serbian descent and were taken as children from their homes and educated in Turkey. Some Serbs achieved political prominence and several Grand Viziers were born as Serbs. According to the 1965 Census 6,599 Turkish citizen spoke

title: Serbs in Turkey

text: Serbs in Turkey The Serbs in Turkey are Turkish citizens of Serbian descent or Serbia-born people who reside in Turkey. During the age of the Ottoman Empire most of Serbia and the Balkans were under Turkish control, and many Serbs moved to Istanbul and Anatolia for reasons ranging from economic to forceful relocation. Many Janissaries were of Serbian descent and were taken as children from their homes and educated in Turkey. Some Serbs achieved political prominence and several Grand Viziers were born as Serbs. According to the 1965 Census 6,599 Turkish citizen spoke Serbian as a first language and another

title: Minorities in Turkey

text: language spoken in eastern Anatolia between the rivers Euphrates and Tigris. It belongs to the northwest-Iranian group of the Iranian language branch of the Indo-European language family. The Zaza language is related to Kurdish, Persian and Balōchi. An exact indication of the number of Zaza speakers is unknown. Internal Zaza sources estimate the total number of Zaza speakers at 3 to 6 million. There are at least 34,000 Britons in Turkey. They consist mainly of British citizens married to Turkish spouses, British Turks who have moved back into the country, students and families of long-term expatriates employed predominately in white-collar

title: Armenians in Turkey

text: a second language. Western Armenian (), , (and earlier known as , namely "Trkahayeren" (Turkish-Armenian)) are one of the two modern dialects of the modern Armenian, an Indo-European language. The Western Armenian dialect was developed in the early part of the 19th century, based on the Armenian dialect of the Armenians in Istanbul, to replace many of the Armenian dialects spoken throughout Turkey. It was widely adopted in literary Armenian writing and in Armenian media published in the Ottoman Empire, as well as large parts of the Armenian Diaspora and in modern Turkey. Partly because of this, Istanbul veritably became

title: Censorship in Turkey

text: concerning free expression. Thereafter, university students began a campaign for optional courses in Kurdish to be put on the university curriculum, triggering more than 1,000 detentions throughout Turkey during December and January 2002. Actions have also been taken against the Laz minority. According to the 1923 Treaty of Lausanne, Turkey only recognizes the language rights of the Jewish, Greek and Armenian minorities. The government ignores Article 39(4) of the Treaty of Lausanne, which states that: "[n]o restrictions shall be imposed on the free use by any Turkish national of any language in private intercourse, in commerce, religion, in the press

title: What Is Art?

text: to justify their own tastes. Jahn notes the "often confusing use of categorisation" and the lack of definition of the key concept of emotion. Bayley writes that "the effectiveness of "What is Art?" lies not so much in its positive assertions as in its rejection of much that was taken for granted in the aesthetic theories of the time". Noyes criticises Tolstoy's dismissal of beauty, but states that, "despite its shortcomings", "What is Art?" "may be pronounced the most stimulating critical work of our time". Simmons mentions the "occasional brilliant passages" along with the "repetition, awkward language, and loose terminology".

title: Lycian language

text: Lycian language The Lycian language ( ) was the language of the ancient Lycians of the region known as Lycia in Anatolia (present day Turkey), during the Iron Age. Today it is a dead language, having been replaced by the Ancient Greek language during the Hellenization of Anatolia. Lycia covered the region lying between the modern cities of Antalya and Fethiye in southern Turkey, especially the mountainous headland between Fethiye Bay and the Gulf of Antalya. The "Lukka", as they were referred to in ancient Egyptian sources, which mention them among the Sea Peoples, probably also inhabited the region called

title: Greeks in Turkey

text: east. The ethnonym "Yunanlar" is exclusively used by Turks to refer to Greeks from Greece and not for the population of Turkey. In Greek, Greeks from Asia Minor are referred to as or ("Mikrasiátes" or "Anatolítes", lit. "Asia Minor-ites" and "Anatolians"), while Greeks from Pontos (Pontic Greeks) are known as ("Póntioi"). Greeks from Istanbul are known as ("Konstantinoupolítes", lit. "Constantinopolites"), most often shortened to ("Polítes", pronounced po-LEE-tes). Those who arrived during the 1923 population exchange between Greece and Turkey are also referred to as ("Prósfyges", i. e. "Refugees"). Greeks have been living in what is now Turkey continuously since the

title: What Is the What

text: writes: "Over the course of many years, Dave and I have collaborated to tell my story... I told [him] what I knew and what I could remember, and from that material he created this work of art." The book is typical of Eggers' style: blending non-fictional and fictional elements into a non-fiction novel or memoir. By classifying the book a novel, Eggers says, he freed himself to re-create conversations, streamline complex relationships, add relevant detail and manipulate time and space in helpful ways—all while maintaining the essential truthfulness of the storytelling. However, not all critics were impressed. Lee Siegel sees

title: Of, Turkey

text: Of, Turkey Of (, possibly from "Ophious") is a town and district of Trabzon Province in the Black Sea region of Turkey. It is located in the eastern part of Trabzon and is an important historical district of the province. The mayor is Salim Salih Sarıalioğlu (AKP). There are several stories about the origins of Of's name. Of was called Ofis in 1910 by its native Pontic Greek speaking inhabitants. According to another view it means "village" or "settlement" in the Laz language (Laz: "ოფუტე/oput'e"), as the old name of the town is mentioned as "Opiunte" on the Tabula Peutingeriana.

title: History of the Spanish language

text: its Jewish population. Their Judaeo-Spanish language, called Ladino, developed along its own lines and continues to be spoken by a dwindling number of speakers, mainly in Israel, Turkey, and Greece. In the Marianas, the Spanish language was retained until the Pacific War, but is no longer spoken there by any significant number of people. Language politics in Francoist Spain declared Spanish as the only official language in Spain, and to this day it is the most widely used language in government, business, public education, the workplace, cultural arts, and the media. But in the 1960s and 1970s, the Spanish parliament

title: 2011–12 Kurdish protests in Turkey

text: and customs. In Turkey, the Kurdish uprising dates back to at least 1925, but the most recent major rebellion started in 1978 and has crossed the border into adjacent Iraqi Kurdistan on a number of occasions. Over 3,000 Kurdish villages have been "evacuated" by the Turkish armed forces since the conflict began. The Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK), a Kurdish separatist group listed as a terrorist organization by the governments of Turkey and the United States, demands autonomy for Turkish Kurdistan. It has also called upon Turkish authorities to release Kurdish prisoners and detainees, overturn a ban on Kurdish-language education, and

title: Education in Turkey

text: by listening-comprehension and speaking, while introduction to writing will join these skills in fourth grade and after fifth grade students will start learning the language in all its four basic skills. Education in Turkey Education in Turkey is governed by a national system which was established in accordance with the Atatürk Reforms after the Turkish War of Independence. It is a state-supervised system designed to produce a skillful professional class for the social and economic institutes of the nation. Compulsory education lasts 12 years. Primary and secondary education is financed by the state and free of charge in public schools,

title: Minorities in Turkey

text: Laz people today live in Turkey, but the Laz minority group has no official status in Turkey. Their number today is estimated at 2,250,000. The Laz are Sunni Muslims. Only a minority are bilingual in Turkish and their native Laz language which belongs to the South Caucasian group. The number of the Laz speakers is decreasing, and is now limited chiefly to the Rize and Artvin areas. The historical term Lazistan — formerly referring to a narrow tract of land along the Black Sea inhabited by the Laz as well as by several other ethnic groups — has been banned

title: Thracian language

text: in the 6th century AD: Antoninus of Piacenza wrote in 570 that there was a monastery in the Sinai, at which the monks spoke Greek, Latin, Syriac, Egyptian and Bessian – a Thracian dialect. Other theories about Thracian remain controversial. These are among many competing hypotheses regarding the classification and fate of Thracian. The Thracian language was spoken in what is now Bulgaria, Romania, Republic of Macedonia, Northern Greece, European Turkey and in parts of Bithynia (North-Western Asiatic Turkey). Eastern Serbia is usually considered by paleolinguists to have been a Daco-Moesian language area. Moesian (after Vladimir Georgiev et al.) is

title: Block of Wikipedia in Turkey

text: URL to access all Wikipedia content. Universities in Turkey with eduroam coverage have full access to Wikipedia. As other Wikimedia projects aren't blocked in Turkey, Wikipedia is from some setups (e.g. Chromebook) intermittently accessible and available for article editing (which is not possible with most VPN services) by setting the browser to use a domain name server (DNS) outside Turkey, browsing to a page of a different Wikimedia project and clicking the link to Wikipedia on that page. Block of Wikipedia in Turkey On 29 April 2017, Turkish authorities blocked online access to all language editions of the online encyclopedia

title: Languages of Turkey

text: from about the 9th century BCE until the 6th century. Hattian is attested in Hittite ritual texts but is not related to the Hittite language or to any other known language; it dates from the 2nd millennium BCE. Languages of Turkey The languages of Turkey, apart from the only official language Turkish, include the widespread Kurmanji, the moderately prevalent minority languages Arabic and Zazaki and a number of less common minority languages, some of which are guaranteed by the 1923 Treaty of Lausanne. Article 3 of the Constitution of Turkey defines Turkish as the only official language of Turkey. Article

title: What is Living and What is Dead in Indian Philosophy

text: What is Living and What is Dead in Indian Philosophy What is Living and What is Dead in Indian Philosophy is a 1976 book by Debiprasad Chattopadhyaya. Explaining the relationship between the soul and consciousness in the Nyaya-Vaisesika philosophy, Debiprasad Chattopadhyaya makes three points. First, consciousness in this view is knowledge (jnana) in an empirical sense. Second, consciousness is one of the multiple qualities of the soul. Third, consciousness is a transient quality, not a permanent quality. By itself, the soul is without consciousness; consciousness is produced in the soul only when it is conjoined with certain other entities. Hiriyanna,

title: Human rights of Kurdish people in Turkey

text: Turkey, the only language of instruction in the education system is Turkish; Kurdish is not allowed as primary language in the public education system. The Kurdish population of Turkey has long sought to have Kurdish included as a language of instruction in public schools as well as a subject. An experiment at running private Kurdish-language teaching schools was closed in 2004 because of the poor economic situation of local people. There are currently a number of unrecognized private schools giving education in Kurdish. Kurdish is permitted as a subject in universities, but in reality there are only few pioneer courses.

text: commenting on this point, notes: Hiriyanna expresses his perplexity in reviewing the Nyaya-Vaisesika view of consciousness, and then comes out with a comment equating this view with the Charvaka view of consciousness: What is Living and What is Dead in Indian Philosophy What is Living and What is Dead in Indian Philosophy is a 1976 book by Debiprasad Chattopadhyaya. Explaining the relationship between the soul and consciousness in the Nyaya-Vaisesika philosophy, Debiprasad Chattopadhyaya makes three points. First, consciousness in this view is knowledge (jnana) in an empirical sense. Second, consciousness is one of the multiple qualities of the soul. Third,

title: Of, Turkey

text: By another version of events, the city got its name from a nearby river described by Arrian as "Ophis", a Greek word for "snake". The other assumption suggests that the name of the district stems from "Op" which means "gun" in the old South Siberian Turkic language. The history of Trabzon started with the Greek colonies in the region. A minority of Muslim Pontic Greek speakers, using a dialect called "Ophitic", still live in the area. Of, Turkey Of (, possibly from "Ophious") is a town and district of Trabzon Province in the Black Sea region of Turkey. It is

title: Albanians in Turkey

text: Turkish universities in eastern Anatolia, there were approximately 1,300,000 people of Albanian descent living in Turkey. According to that study, more than 500,000 Albanian descendants still recognize their ancestry and or their language, culture and traditions. In a 2011 survey, 0.2% within Turkey or roughly 150,000 people identify themselves as Albanian. There are also other estimates regarding the Albanian population in Turkey that range from being 3-4 million people up to a total of 5 million in number, although most of these are Turkish citizens of either full or partial Albanian ancestry being no longer fluent in Albanian (cf. German

title: Albanians in Turkey

text: of people with Albanian origins within Turkey, more so than in Albania and Kosovo combined and are aware of their influence and impact on domestic Turkish politics. Albanian identity in Turkey was given prominent focus in 2013 when Hakan Şükür, a former soccer player turned politician declared "I am Albanian, as such i am not a Turk" while giving a university speech which caused media controversy and heated public discussions about Turkish identity. In 2016, as part of a state project named "living languages and accents in Turkey" the Turkish government accepted the Albanian language as a selective course for

title: Prisons in Turkey

text: Prisons in Turkey There are basically three types of prison in Turkey: closed, semi-open, and open. A further distinction is made between ordinary closed prisons and high-security prisons. Many prisons have separate blocks (or wings) for women and some also for children (juveniles), but there are also some prisons which are exclusively for women or children. Prisoners in Turkey are divided, as in many other countries, into remand prisoners (those being held in pre-trial detention) and convicted prisoners (whose sentences are being executed). In the Ottoman Empire prisons were called dungeons ("zindan"). In Turkey these were mostly dark and damp

title: Turkey in the Straw

text: recorded a version in 1916 called "Nigger Love a Watermelon Ha! Ha! Ha!". This version relied heavily on the offensive and widespread coon stereotype. In 1942, a soundie titled, "Turkey in the Straw" was created by Freddie Fisher and The Schnickelfritz Band. (Directed by Sam Coslow and Produced by Josef Berne). There are two versions to the chorus that are sung. The first goes: Followed by: In Barney & Friends they used these lyrics: Another song, "Zip Coon", sung to the same tune as "Turkey in the Straw", was popularized by Dixon and flourished during the Andrew Jackson administration. This

title: Turkey in the Eurovision Song Contest 2005

text: Turkey in the Eurovision Song Contest 2005 Turkey was represented in the Eurovision Song Contest 2005 by Gülseren with the song "Rimi Rimi Ley". Gülseren was born in Istanbul, Turkey. Her parents moved to France when she was only seven. She had to face a new country, a new language and a new culture but she's been living in Paris ever since. She studied at the INALCO (French university of oriental art, literature and culture) to gain a complete understanding of the country she comes from without forgetting her roots. As she loves sharing, Gülseren teaches Turkish to children in

title: Tea in Turkey

text: and taste. Most often, salty or sweet biscuits called kurabiye are served with tea. Baklava is traditionally served with lemonade, not tea, as lemonade balances the cloying sweetness of baklava. Tea in Turkey Tea ( ) is popular throughout Turkey and the Turkish diaspora. Turkish tea culture also extends to Northern Cyprus and some countries in the Balkan Peninsula. Most of the tea produced in Turkey is Rize tea, a terroir from Rize Province on the eastern Black Sea coast, which has a mild climate with high precipitation and fertile soil. This tea is usually processed as black tea. In

title: History of the Republic of Turkey

text: making Turkey a homogeneous Muslim state. There was also the rise of the active participation of the military in politics after the First World War as shown in the so-called Young Turk Revolution in 1908. Ten years later, Mustafa Kemal (Atatürk) and other army officers dominated the polity that finally established the nationalist Republic of Turkey out of what was left of the Ottoman Empire. Turkey was established based on the ideology found in the country's pre-Ottoman history and was also steered towards a secular political system to diminish the influence of religious groups such as the Ulema. The history

title: Greeks in Turkey

text: Turkey. The criteria for the population exchange were not exclusively based on ethnicity or mother language, but on religion as well. That is why the Karamanlides (; ), or simply "Karamanlis", who were a Turkish-speaking (while they employed the Greek alphabet to write it) Greek Orthodox people of unclear origin and were deported from their native regions of Karaman and Cappadocia in Central Anatolia to Greece as well. On the other hand, Cretan Muslims who were part of the exchange were re-settled mostly on the Aegean coast of Turkey, in areas formerly inhabited by Christian Greeks. Populations of Greek descent

title: Minorities in Turkey

text: Russians began migrating to Turkey during the first half of the 1990s. Most were fleeing the economic problems prevalent after the dissolution of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. During this period, many Russian immigrants intermarried and assimilated with Turkish locals, giving rise to a rapid increase in mixed marriages. There is a Russian Association of Education, Culture and Cooperation which aims to expand Russian language and culture in Turkey as well as promote the interests of the community. Beginning several centuries ago, a number of Africans, usually via Zanzibar as Zanj and from places such as Niger, Saudi Arabia,

title: Religion in Turkey

text: the world. The Armenian Patriarch is the head of the Armenian Church in Turkey, while the Jewish community is led by the "Hahambasi", Turkey's Chief Rabbi, based in Istanbul. These groups have also criticized the Presidency of Religious Affairs for only financially supporting Islam in Turkey. Antioch (modern Antakya), the city where "the disciples were first called Christians" according to the biblical Book of Acts, is located in modern Turkey, as are most of the areas visited by St. Paul during his missions. The Epistle to the Galatians, Epistle to the Ephesians, Epistle to the Colossians, First Epistle of Peter,

title: Bahá'í Faith in Turkey

text: the government officially. Despite this, members do not face significant persecution due to the separation of religion and state in Turkey, and there are estimated to be 10,000 to 20,000 Bahá'ís and around one hundred Bahá'í Local Spiritual Assemblies in Turkey. Many of the important geographic areas of the early period of the Bahá'í Faith were historically controlled by the Ottoman Empire, from which Turkey came about after the Empire's dissolution in the 1920s. The first interaction between the history of the religion and what is present-day Turkey occurred when Mullá 'Alíy-i-Bastámí, who was a Bábi—the immediate predecessor religion associated

title: Turkey in the Eurovision Song Contest

text: 1996 (), before Sebnem Paker achieved the country's first top five result in , finishing third with "Dinle". Turkey would go on to achieve five more top five placements after the introduction of the free language rule and tele-voting, with Sertab Erener giving Turkey its first victory at the contest with the song "Everyway That I Can", narrowly defeating Belgium by two points. Turkey's other top five results are Athena (), Kenan Doğulu (), Hadise (), who all finished fourth, and the nu metal band maNga (), who finished second. TRT announced in December 2012 that they would not attend

title: Armenians in Turkey

text: (Europe, Americas, Middle East) was formed in the 19th and early 20th century by Armenian populations from the Ottoman Empire, which is where Western Armenian was historically spoken. Nevertheless, The Western Armenian language is still spoken by a small minority of the present-day Armenian community in Turkey. However, Only 18 percent of the Armenian community speaks Western Armenian, while 82 percent of the Armenian community speaks Turkish. This percentage is even lower among younger people of whom only 8 percent speaks Western Armenian and 92 percent speaks Turkish. Turkish is replacing Western Armenian as a mother language, and UNESCO has

title: Torture in Turkey

text: in the place called political department (at the time "first department") of Istanbul Police HQ in the "K" section (which may be the abbreviation of "komünist" = communist), the "group for interrogation and operations against illegal organizations" and later at the same place in Erzurum. All people in that wing were professionals. They could guess what organization had carried out which action just because of the way it was carried out and the way the militants had escaped. In the 1980s particularly Amnesty International issued many reports and urgent actions related to allegations of torture in Turkey. Some quotes are:

title: Blue–green distinction in language

text: pre-Islamic Turkic culture, both blue and green were represented by the same name, "gök" 'sky'. The name is still in use in many rural areas. For instance, in many regions of Turkey, when mold is formed on cheese, the phenomenon is called "gögermek" 'turning into the color of "gök"/sky'. The Tamil language clearly distinguishes between the colors green ("paccai"), blue ("neelam") and black ("karuppu"). The prefix "karu-" would indicate dark colors while the suffix "iḷam" would indicate light colors. Thus "karumpaccai" would be dark green. The Telugu language uses a single word, "pacca", for green and yellow. To differentiate between

title: Time in Turkey

text: between standard time and daylight saving time generally followed EU rules, but had variations in some years. In 2016, the decision to stay on UTC+03:00 year-round was enacted. In October 2017, the Turkish government announced that starting October 28, 2018, the country would revert to EET, but this decision was reversed in November 2017. In October 2018, a Presidential decree announced that UTC+03:00 would remain the year-round permanent time zone for the country. Time in Turkey Time in Turkey is given by year-round. This time is also called Turkey Time (TRT) or Türkiye Saati İle (TSİ). The time is currently

title: The New Turkey

text: The New Turkey The New Turkey: The Quiet Revolution on the Edge of Europe is a 2005 Granta Books publication by BBC World Affairs Correspondent Chris Morris which examines the potential and the problems of the far-reaching political and economic reforms being undertaken in what the author describes as a second revolution in Turkey. Morris briefly outlines the sweeping democratic, legal and economic reforms rushed through by Turkish Prime Minister Tayyip Erdoğan of the Justice and Development Party (AKP) in the build-up to the European Union summit on December 17, 2004, which is described as one of the most important

title: Language and the euro

text: grammatical cases in accordance with an agreement between Slovenia and the European Union. In normative Slovene language usage ‘evro’ spelling should only be used, except as noted. In the Spanish language, the official plural is the same as its regular plural "euros". For the cent, the word "céntimo" (plural "céntimos") can be used. The fraction of the peseta was also called "céntimo", but no céntimo coins had been issued since 1980, and had since been demonetised. The word "euro" is pronounced in Spanish, and "céntimo" or . Slang terms: the euro is often referred to as "pavo", meaning "turkey" in

title: German language in the United States

text: difference in language. Pennsylvania "Dutch" is sometimes used in worship services, though this is more common among the Amish than the Mennonites. More mainstream (city) Mennonites may have a working knowledge of the language, but it is not frequently used in conversation or in worship services. Old Order Amish, Old Order Mennonites and other Pennsylvania Germans speak a dialect of German known as Pennsylvania German (widely called "Pennsylvania Dutch", where "Dutch" is used in its archaic sense, thus not limited to Dutch but including all variants of German). It is a remnant of what was once a much larger German-speaking

title: What What (In the Butt)

text: singer for Queens Of The Stone Age and guitar player for Kyuss. In 2009, the creators of the video, and Samwell himself, claimed that a feature film called "What What (In the Butt): The Movie" was in the works. On November 12, 2010, Brownmark Films filed a copyright infringement lawsuit against MTV Networks, South Park Studios, and Viacom for their use of "What What in the Butt" in a 2008 "South Park" episode. In July 2011, a federal judge decided that South Park's use of the video fell under the fair use exception to copyright law, and thus the defendants

title: Human rights in Turkey

text: addition, so-called "inaugural-beatings" had been institutionalized in almost all prisons in Turkey. In 2008 allegations of ill-treatment in prisons and during transfer continued. Small-group isolation remained a problem across the prison system for people accused or convicted of politically motivated offences. The Human Rights Foundation of Turkey registered 39 deaths in prison. Although its population is overwhelmingly Muslim, Turkey claims to be a secular country per Article 24 of the Turkish Constitution. The two main Islamic streams in Turkey are Sunni and Alevi, a branch of Shia Islam. In Turkey Alevi are the minority, estimated at 17 percent of the

title: Telephone numbers in Turkey

text: L/D + code12 + 312 + ST (Ankara) L/D + code12 + 212 + ST (İstanbul) L/D: language digit 2 English C11: operator assistance C12: international transits ST: stop pulse The operators of the international exchanges in Ankara and Istanbul are available under C11 and C12. Winter time: UTC + 2 hours Summer time: UTC + 3 hours (*) Northern Cyprus Note: These are the codes that wireless operators in Turkey assign to new subscribers. Because of mobile number portability, a subscriber’s telephone number may not accurately reflect their actual operator. Telephone numbers in Turkey Telephone numbers in Turkey went