query: when was the civil war in libya?

title: Free speech in the media during the 2011 Libyan Civil War

text: Free speech in the media during the 2011 Libyan Civil War Free speech in the media during the Libyan civil war describes the ability of domestic and international media to report news inside Libya free from interference and censorship during the civil war. This synopsis from Al Jazeera gives a sense of what the media war was like as of 12 March: When protests first began in Libya the media presence there was scarce so the story filtered out via social media thanks to courageous citizen journalists. Then, when the fighting intensified, global media numbers increased exponentially. Now there are

title: Libya, Libya, Libya

text: its independence in 1951 until 1969 when King Idris I was overthrown by a bloodless coup d'état led by Muammar Gaddafi. The lyrics themselves were written by Al Bashir Al Arebi. In 1969, Muammar Gaddafi adopted the Egyptian military marching song "Allahu Akbar" as the national anthem of the newly proclaimed Libyan Arab Republic, and later, the Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya. In 2011, "Libya, Libya, Libya" was declared as the new national anthem of Libya by the National Transitional Council. "Libya, Libya, Libya" ultimately did become the national anthem of Libya once again, following the Libyan Civil War

title: American involvement in the 2011 Libyan Civil War

text: American involvement in the 2011 Libyan Civil War American involvement in the Libyan Civil War initially consisted of diplomatic initiatives and sanctions. This was followed by the implementation of the UN-mandated no-fly zone, the development of diplomatic relations with the rebels as well as humanitarian aid, bombing missions to destroy Gaddafi's military capabilities, and diplomatic assistance to the rebels. In March 2011, five United States Air Force bombers (three B-2s and two B-1Bs) dropped bombs on at least 100 targets in Libya. In June 2011, bombers thought to be from France killed nine civilians in Libya, including two toddlers. Libya

title: Chinese people in Libya

text: as quickly. Libya returned to civil war in 2014 and Chinese nationals were evacuated again in May and August. In a statement from a Chinese embassy official reported by Xinhua on August 2, 2014, all but 340 Chinese nationals left the country. Chinese people in Libya The number of Chinese people in Libya has dramatically dwindled since 2011 after the outbreak of civil war. Commercial activity was destabilized by the civil war and violence that continued afterwards, forcing the evacuation of foreign residents including Chinese. During the 2011 Civil War, over 35,000 Chinese nationals were evacuated. The large number of

title: Chinese people in Libya

text: Chinese people in Libya The number of Chinese people in Libya has dramatically dwindled since 2011 after the outbreak of civil war. Commercial activity was destabilized by the civil war and violence that continued afterwards, forcing the evacuation of foreign residents including Chinese. During the 2011 Civil War, over 35,000 Chinese nationals were evacuated. The large number of evacuees owes to the extensive participation of Chinese construction companies operating in Libya which employed Chinese engineers and workers. The successful evacuation of a large number was considered a success especially in comparison to Taiwan, which was unable to evacuate its citizens

title: Libya Alhurra TV

text: Libya Alhurra TV Libya Alhurra TV (), meaning Free Libya TV, is an Internet television channel founded by Mohamed Nabbous on 19 February 2011 at the start of the Libyan Civil War. It was the first private television station in Benghazi, in the east of the country. The channel's purpose is to provide the world with news and exclusive on-ground footage from Benghazi during the civil war. Libya Alhurra TV was the only TV broadcast from Benghazi when Muammar Gaddafi shut down Internet lines as the war began. (A rebel-controlled "radio" station, Voice of Free Libya, was also broadcasting from

text: people to pass on photos and videos. NATO used Twitter, Facebook, YouTube, and other online media as part of a wide range of sources of information, ranging from unmanned aerial drones to television news, to help determine potential targets for air-strikes in Libya and to assess their success. Free speech in the media during the 2011 Libyan Civil War Free speech in the media during the Libyan civil war describes the ability of domestic and international media to report news inside Libya free from interference and censorship during the civil war. This synopsis from Al Jazeera gives a sense of

title: Nepalis in Libya

text: Nepalis in Libya Nepalis in Libya consists mainly of migrant workers from Nepal. According to Nepal's Ministry of Foreign Affair, there are about 3,064 Nepalis working in Libya. The majority of Nepalese workers in Libya work as construction or industrial laborers. The Nepalese government has opened Libya for foreign employment in 2009 and about six Nepalese outsourcing agencies have sent 1,868 Nepalis to Libya while 22 have reached there through individual contracts. The Department of Foreign Employment data shows that 2,592 Nepalis reached the destination in last two years. Following the 2011 Libyan civil war, many Nepalese workers began to

title: International reactions to the 2011 Libyan Civil War

text: failure. By summer 2011 the initial limited intervention to protect Libyan civilians had become a policy of regime change. However that new policy did not include proper support and for a new government, leading to a political and economic collapse in Libya and the growth of ISIL in North Africa. The former Prime Minister David Cameron was ultimately responsible for this British policy failure. International reactions to the 2011 Libyan Civil War The international reactions to the Libyan Civil War were the responses to the series of protests and military confrontations occurring in Libya against the government of Libya and

title: Libyan Civil War (2011)

text: Nations as the legal representative of Libya, replacing the Gaddafi government. Muammar Gaddafi evaded capture until 20 October 2011, when he was captured and killed in Sirte. The National Transitional Council "declared the liberation of Libya" and the official end of the war on 23 October 2011. In the aftermath of the civil war, a low-level insurgency by former Gaddafi loyalists continued. There have been various disagreements and strife between local militia and tribes, including fighting on 23 January 2012 in the former Gaddafi stronghold of Bani Walid, leading to an alternative town council being established and later recognized by

title: United Nations Support Mission in Libya

text: of September 2018. The headquarters of the mission is in Tunis (Tunisia). UNSCR 2009 (2011) said: Ian Martin was the Special Representative of the Secretary-General and Head of the UNSMIL from 11 September 2011 until 17 October 2012 when he was succeeded by Tarek Mitri. On 14 August 2014, Tarek Mitri was succeeded by Bernardino León. United Nations Support Mission in Libya The United Nations Support Mission in Libya (UNSMIL) is a United Nations advanced mission in Libya, in the aftermath of the Libyan Civil War. UNSMIL is not a military mission, but a political one led by the Department

title: Libya Al Jadida

text: Libya Al Jadida Libya Al Jadida (, meaning "The New Libya") is an Arabic daily newspaper based in Tripoli, Libya. It was launched in Tunis during the Libyan Civil War. "Libya Al Jadida" was founded by Mahmoud Al Misrati as an online newspaper in Tunis where he fled during the Libyan Civil War that toppled Muammar Gaddafi in 2011. The publishers of the paper are Faisal Swehli and Osama Swed. Following the foundation of the new regime in Libya the paper was headquartered in Tripoli and was launched as a weekly on 22 August 2012. Later the paper was relaunched

title: Communications in Libya

text: Communications in Libya Communications in Libya describes the overall environment for the radio, television, telephone, Internet, and newspaper markets in Libya. The control of the media by Colonel Gaddafi's regime came to an end after the fall of Tripoli in August 2011, resulting in a mushrooming of new media outlets. Journalists are still experiencing extortion and blackmail, and are subject to assassinations since the beginning of the second civil war circa 2012 - 2016. Libya has adopted a few media laws outlawing the slander of the 17th February revolution, and active political parties that used to have affiliation with Gaddafi.

title: Television in Libya

text: Television in Libya Television in Libya has a penetration estimated at 76% for 2011. Before the 2011 civil war, there were eight free-to-air satellite channels headquartered in the country, seven of which were owned by the Libyan Jamahiriya Broadcasting Corporation. Libyan Radio and TV has become the successor to the LJBC, and more than 20 stations are said to be broadcasting in the country. Amongst the new independent satellite channels to have launched in 2011, were Al Watan TV, Alassema TV, Libya TV and Libya Alhurra TV, all of which broadcast news, talk shows and current affairs. The private satellite

title: Television in Libya

text: TV station Libya al-Ahrar has been established with assistance from Qatar. Supporters of the former regime own the new Al-Jamahiriya channel (formerly known as "The Green Channel"). Recently 218 TV channel launched based in Amman targeting the Youth in Libya Television in Libya Television in Libya has a penetration estimated at 76% for 2011. Before the 2011 civil war, there were eight free-to-air satellite channels headquartered in the country, seven of which were owned by the Libyan Jamahiriya Broadcasting Corporation. Libyan Radio and TV has become the successor to the LJBC, and more than 20 stations are said to be

title: Gaddafi loyalism after the 2011 Libyan Civil War

text: the 7th brigate. Gaddafi loyalism after the 2011 Libyan Civil War Gaddafi loyalism after the Libyan Civil War refers to sympathetic sentiment towards the overthrown government of Muammar Gaddafi, who was killed in October 2011. It has been responsible for some of the ongoing postwar violence in Libya, though the degree of its involvement has been disputed in a number of instances. Sympathy for Gaddafi and his fallen government is viewed highly negatively by current Libyan authorities—both the legal government and extralegal militias—and parts of general society in postwar Libya, and even accusations of it can provoke harsh responses. In

text: Gaddafi loyalism after the 2011 Libyan Civil War Gaddafi loyalism after the Libyan Civil War refers to sympathetic sentiment towards the overthrown government of Muammar Gaddafi, who was killed in October 2011. It has been responsible for some of the ongoing postwar violence in Libya, though the degree of its involvement has been disputed in a number of instances. Sympathy for Gaddafi and his fallen government is viewed highly negatively by current Libyan authorities—both the legal government and extralegal militias—and parts of general society in postwar Libya, and even accusations of it can provoke harsh responses. In May 2012, the

title: Italy–Libya relations

text: recognized the National Transitional Council as the government of Libya. On 26 September 2011, Italian energy company Eni announced it had restarted oil production in Libya for the first time since the start of the 2011 Libyan civil war. The quick return of Eni to Libyan oilfields reflected the positive relations between Rome and Tripoli under the NTC. The Italian embassy in Tripoli is one of the few Western embassies still active in Libya during the Post-civil war violence in Libya due the fact that Italy is the most important trade partner for Libya. Italy–Libya relations Italy has an embassy

title: Caricature during the 2011 Libyan Civil War

text: philosophy. Caricature during the 2011 Libyan Civil War The Libyan Civil War was part of a wave of protests that began in late 2010 and swept across the Arab world of North Africa and the Middle East, referred to as the "Arab Spring". The revolution in Libya turned into an armed conflict and a civil war. That war ended with the capture and killing of Libya’s ruler, Muammar Gaddafi, on 20 October 2011. An artistic lampooning and ridicule of the notorious leader pepper Libya's streets, walls, and ground. Throughout the course of his almost 42-year rule, Gaddafi created a cult

text: Caricature during the 2011 Libyan Civil War The Libyan Civil War was part of a wave of protests that began in late 2010 and swept across the Arab world of North Africa and the Middle East, referred to as the "Arab Spring". The revolution in Libya turned into an armed conflict and a civil war. That war ended with the capture and killing of Libya’s ruler, Muammar Gaddafi, on 20 October 2011. An artistic lampooning and ridicule of the notorious leader pepper Libya's streets, walls, and ground. Throughout the course of his almost 42-year rule, Gaddafi created a cult of

title: Timeline of the 2011 Libyan Civil War before military intervention

text: troops from joining the protesters. International military operations in Libya began on 19 March. Timeline of the 2011 Libyan Civil War before military intervention The Libyan Civil War began on 15 February 2011 as a chain of civil protests and later evolved into a widespread uprising against the regime of Muammar Gaddafi. On 25 February, most of eastern Libya was reported to be under the control of protesters and rebel forces. Gaddafi remained in control of the cities of Tripoli, Sirte and Sabha. By 15 March, however, Gaddafi's forces had retaken more than half a dozen lost cities. Except for

title: Libya–Russia relations

text: investigated. Russia had joined the arms sanctions against Libya, suspending all contracts for the supply of military hardware to the country in 2011 during the Libyan Civil War. On 7 May 2012, Russia lifted its embargo on arms supplies to Libya. In 2013, after the Russian embassy in Libya was attacked, all Russian diplomats and their families were evacuated. They were said to return after the present interim government of Libya can protect the Russian diplomats and embassy. In February 2015, after the outbreak the Second Libyan Civil War between the Tobruk-based Council of Deputies and the General National Congress,

text: International reactions to the 2011 Libyan Civil War The international reactions to the Libyan Civil War were the responses to the series of protests and military confrontations occurring in Libya against the government of Libya and its "de facto" head of state Muammar Gaddafi. Many states and supranational bodies condemned Gaddafi's regime over its attacks on civilian targets within the country. Virtually all Western countries cut off diplomatic relations with Gaddafi's government over an aerial bombing campaign in February and March, and a number of other countries led by Peru and Botswana did likewise. The regime's use of the Libyan

title: Italian settlers in Libya

text: Minister Silvio Berlusconi signed a historic cooperation treaty in Benghazi. Under its terms, Italy would pay $5 billion to Libya as compensation for its former military occupation.In exchange, Libya would take measures to combat illegal immigration coming from its shores and boost investments in Italian companies. The treaty was ratified by Italy on 6 February 2009, and by Libya on 2 March, during a visit to Tripoli by Berlusconi. Co-operation ended in February 2011 as a result of the Libyan Civil War which overthrew Gaddafi. At the signing ceremony of the document, Italian Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi recognized historic atrocities

text: forces on 17 September in Sirte. On 1 February 2011 state security police arrested the writer and political commentator Jamal al-Hajji, who had used the Internet to call for peaceful protests in Libya. At the start of the uprising on 16 February, state security police arrested the director of local news-site Irasa, Taqi Al-Din Al-Chalawi, and its editor, Abdel Fattah Bourwaq. Blogger Mohammed Al-Ashim Masmari was also arrested after he reported on the demonstrations for the BBC and Al-Jazeera. On 18 February, the day after the first protests that lead to the civil war, Libya withdrew all of its BGP

title: Factional violence in Libya (2011–2014)

text: Factional violence in Libya (2011–2014) Since the end of the 2011 Libyan Civil War, which overthrew Muammar Gaddafi, there has been violence involving various militias and the new state security forces. The violence has escalated into the current 2014 Libyan Civil War. The militias include guerrillas, Islamists, and militias who fought against Gaddafi but refused to lay down their arms when the war ended in October 2011. According to some civilian leaders, these latter militias shifted from merely delaying the surrender of their weapons to actively asserting a continuing political role as "guardians of the revolution". Some of the largest,

title: Italy–Libya relations

text: court of human rights, or ECHR, Italy working with Libya to return migrants to Libya against their will violates their human rights. In Libya the migrants are subject to inhumane conditions, beatings, rape, and other human rights violations. In 2009, Gaddafi visited Italy for the first time in his 40-year rule. However, when Gaddafi faced a civil war in 2011, Italy imposed a freeze on some Libyan assets linked to him and his family, pursuant to a United Nations-sponsored regime and then bombed the country with the violation of Libya of the No-Fly Zone. After the death of Gaddafi, Italy

title: 2011 military intervention in Libya

text: 2011 military intervention in Libya On 19 March 2011, a multi-state NATO-led coalition began a military intervention in Libya, ostensibly to implement United Nations Security Council Resolution 1973. The United Nations Intent and Voting was to have "an immediate ceasefire in Libya, including an end to the current attacks against civilians, which it said might constitute crimes against humanity ... imposing a ban on all flights in the country's airspace – a no-fly zone – and tightened sanctions on the Gaddafi regime and its supporters." The resolution was taken in response to events during the Libyan Civil War, and military

title: International reactions to the 2011 military intervention in Libya

text: International reactions to the 2011 military intervention in Libya The international reactions to the 2011 military intervention in Libya were the responses to the military intervention in Libya by NATO and allied forces to impose a no-fly zone. The intervention was authorized by United Nations Security Council Resolution 1973, approved in New York on 17 March, in response to the Libyan Civil War, though some governments allege participants in the operation exceeded their mandate. Overall response from governments was generally split between strong opposition and conditional support for the intervention. Libyans themselves were largely supportive of the intervention. According to

title: Aftermath of the 2011 Libyan Civil War

text: Aftermath of the 2011 Libyan Civil War The aftermath of the Libyan Civil War has been characterized by marked change in the social and political order of Libya after the overthrow and killing of Muammar Gaddafi in the 2011 Libyan Civil War. The country has been subject to ongoing proliferation of weapons, Islamic insurgencies, sectarian violence, and lawlessness, with spillovers affecting neighboring countries including Mali. After the interim National Transitional Council (NTC) declared that the country had been liberated in October 2011, it began a process to form a new government, prepare for elections and prosecute former Gaddafi officials. In

title: Aftermath of the 2011 Libyan Civil War

text: Council lifted sanctions on Libya's central bank and its offshore subsidiary, Libyan Foreign Bank. Later the same day, the U.S. Treasury Department said it had unblocked more than $30 billion in Libyan government assets. Aftermath of the 2011 Libyan Civil War The aftermath of the Libyan Civil War has been characterized by marked change in the social and political order of Libya after the overthrow and killing of Muammar Gaddafi in the 2011 Libyan Civil War. The country has been subject to ongoing proliferation of weapons, Islamic insurgencies, sectarian violence, and lawlessness, with spillovers affecting neighboring countries including Mali. After

title: Voice of Free Libya

text: Voice of Free Libya Voice of Free Libya (Arabic: صوت ليبيا الحرة "Sawt Libya al-Hurra") is the name used by three radio stations aligned to the anti-Gaddafi forces that began broadcasting in February 2011, operating from the cities of Benghazi, Bayda and Misrata. They played an important role in the Libyan Civil War and have continued to broadcast after the fall of Gaddafi. During the Libyan Civil War, other rebel-controlled radio stations were reported to be operating in Tobruk, Nalut, Jadu, Libya, Derna and Zliten. In many cases - and certainly for the stations in Benghazi, Bayda and Misrata -

title: Russian involvement in the Syrian Civil War

text: civil war the way Libya did in 2011. Amid the siege of Hama, the Russian Foreign Ministry issued a statement on 1 August documenting deaths in Hama as well as condemning the violence, including the alleged killing of eight policemen by Assad's government. The statement beseeched the pro-Assad forces as well as the violent protesters to "exercise maximum restraint". On 3 August, Russian UN ambassador Vitaly Churkin stated that Russia will not oppose a UN resolution condemning the violence in Syria as long as it does not include sanctions or other "pressures". Al Jazeera reported that Russia had "softened the

title: Libyan Civil War (2011)

text: Libyan Civil War (2011) The First Libyan Civil War, also referred to as the Libyan Revolution or 17 February Revolution, was an armed conflict in 2011 in the North African country of Libya fought between forces loyal to Colonel Muammar Gaddafi and those seeking to oust his government. The war was preceded by protests in Zawiya on 8 August 2009 and finally ignited by protests in Benghazi beginning on Tuesday, 15 February 2011, which led to clashes with security forces that fired on the crowd. The protests escalated into a rebellion that spread across the country, with the forces opposing

title: Embassy of Libya in Washington, D.C.

text: Embassy of Libya in Washington, D.C. The Embassy of Libya in Washington, D.C. is the diplomatic mission of Libya to the United States. It is located at 1460 Dahlia Street NW Washington, DC 20012. The current Ambassador is Ms. Wafa Bughaighis. The former Ambassador is Ali Aujali. As a result of the 2011 Libyan civil war, in March 2011, the U.S. suspended relations with the Libyan embassy in Washington, D.C. In July 2011, at an international conference on Libya held in Turkey, Secretary of State Hillary Clinton stated that the US had decided to formally recognise the National Transitional Council

title: Refugees of Libya

text: the first five months of 2011. Refugees of Libya Refugees of the Libyan Civil War are the people, predominantly Libyans, who fled or were expelled from their homes during the Libyan Civil War, from within the borders of Libya to the neighbouring states of Tunisia, Egypt and Chad, as well as to European countries across the Mediterranean. The majority of Libyan refugees are Arabs and Berbers, though many of the other ethnicities temporarily living in Libya originated from sub-Saharan Africa. These groups were also among the first refugee waves to exit the country. The total number of Libyan refugees were

title: Libya–Serbia relations

text: diplomatic with Serbia after Yugoslavia broke up in 1991-1995. Public opinion in Serbia has been cited to be supportive of the Muammar Gaddafi regime. On August 25, 2011, Serbia officially recognized the National Transitional Council as the ruling government in Libya. However, the relations with the transitional government were strained from the very beginning of the Libyan Civil War when five Serbs were captured by Anti-Gaddafi rebels under the suspicion that they fought as mercenaries for Muammar Gaddafi. As of April 2012 all five still remained in detainment in Libya. Libya al Youm then reported that more mercenaries had been

title: Religion in Libya

text: 0.3% of its population identifying as Buddhist, Libya has the largest proportion of Buddhists of any North African country. Many Buddhists are immigrants from Asia. However, there are no Buddhist pagodas or temples in Libya. There are very few Hindus, mainly went from India for working there. Around 15-16 Thousand Hindus resided till 2011. But when war break out, many returned to India. Religion in Libya Sunni Islam of Maliki school of jurisprudence is the dominant religion in Libya. Other than the overwhelming majority of Sunni Muslims, there are also small Christian communities, composed exclusively of foreigners. Coptic Orthodox Christianity,

title: Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant in Libya

text: Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant in Libya The Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant is a militant Islamist group active in Libya under three branches: Fezzan Province (, "Wilayah Fizan") in the desert south, Cyrenaica Province (, "Wilayah Barqah") in the east, and Tripolitania Province (, "Wilayah Tarabulus") in the west. The branches were formed on 13 November 2014, following pledges of allegiance to ISIL leader Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi by militants in Libya. Following the 2011 Libyan Civil War, which resulted in the ousting of Colonel Muammar Gaddafi and his government, many rebel fighters went to Syria

title: Economy of Libya

text: Economy of Libya The Economy of Libya depends primarily upon revenues from the petroleum sector, which represents over 95% of export earnings and 60% of GDP. These oil revenues and a small population have given Libya one of the highest nominal per capita GDP in Africa. After 2000, Libya recorded favourable growth rates with an estimated 10.6% growth of GDP in 2010. This development was interrupted by the Libyan Civil War, which resulted in contraction of the economy by 62.1% in 2011. After the war the economy rebounded by 104.5% in 2012, but then crashed again following the Second Libyan

title: Timeline of the 2011 Libyan Civil War

text: itself. As a result, on 31 August, the British Royal Air Force flew the first LD 280 million of a shipment of LD 2 billion, that were blocked from entering the country at the start of the conflict. The money was to be handed over direct to the Central Bank of Libya, authorised by the UN on humanitarian grounds, and particularly to pay Libyan Government workers during Eid ul-Fitr, some of whom had not been paid for over three months. Timeline of the 2011 Libyan Civil War The timeline of the Libyan Civil War begins on 15 February 2011 and

title: History of Libya

text: within one month, followed by elections for a constitutional assembly within eight months and parliamentary and presidential elections to be held within a year after that. He stepped down as expected the same day and was succeeded by Ali Tarhouni. At least 30,000 Libyans died in the civil war. After the Libyan Civil War, the National Transitional Council (NTC) has been responsible for the transition of the administration of the governing of Libya. The "liberation" of Libya was celebrated on 23 October 2011. Then Jibril announced that consultations were under way to form an interim government within one month, followed

text: on-ground footage from Benghazi. It was the first private television station in Benghazi, in the east of the country and the only TV broadcast from Benghazi when the internet was shut down as the war began. Alhurra TV was able to bypass government blocks on the Internet in order to broadcast live images from Benghazi across the world. On 19 March, Nabbous was killed by pro-Gaddafi troops during the Second Battle of Benghazi. Libya TV, also known as Libya Al-Ahrar TV, is a satellite TV channel broadcast from Doha, Qatar. It was created in late March 2011 by the National

title: Libyan Civil War (2011)

text: evacuations were successful to Malta or via land borders to Egypt or Tunisia; other attempts were hindered by tarmac damage at Benghazi's airport or refusals of permission to land in Tripoli. There were also several solidarity protests in other countries that were mostly composed of Libyan expatriates. Financial markets around the world had adverse reactions to the instability with oil prices rising to a two-and-a-half year high. Libyan Civil War (2011) The First Libyan Civil War, also referred to as the Libyan Revolution or 17 February Revolution, was an armed conflict in 2011 in the North African country of Libya

title: Libya–United Kingdom relations

text: Libya–United Kingdom relations Relations between Libya and the United Kingdom were initially close and positive after the British Armed Forces helped rebel forces to topple Muammar Gaddafi's regime in the 2011 Libyan Civil War. British officials have visited Libya several times since then, including two visits by Prime Minister David Cameron on which large crowds turned out to welcome him. The British Armed Forces are also helping to train Libya's National Army as part of wider cooperation on security matters. Security conditions have deteriorated since 2014, when the United Kingdom suspended operations from their embassy in Tripoli, into a second

text: used in graffiti and other images as an anti-Gaddafi symbol. It often is painted on walls, store fronts and garage doors in many Libyan cities. In revolutionary and post-war Libya it is sewn into clothing, used in wrist bands and in women’s jewelry. The flag of the Libyan civil war and, now, the nation's official flag, is the flag of the Kingdom of Libya, introduced in 1951, when Libya won its independence from Italy. Its new incarnation is a rejection of the plain green, unadorned flag which Gaddafi adopted in 1977, a visual reference to his "Green Book" of political

title: Tourism in Libya

text: Tourism in Libya Tourism in Libya is an industry heavily hit by the Libyan Civil War. Before the war tourism was developing, with 149,000 tourists visiting Libya in 2004, rising to 180,000 in 2007, although this still only contributed less than 1% of the country's GDP. There were 1,000,000 day visitors in the same year. The country is best known for its ancient Greek and Roman ruins and Sahara desert landscapes. Libya is not issuing tourist visas now. Libyan borders with Chad, Niger, Sudan and Algeria are closed. In reality these borders are not controlled by the Government but by

text: zone in Syria as (in Russia's view) the no-fly zone in Libya had been used to "support one side in a civil war". Lavrov nonetheless stated, when asked if Russia was supporting the Assad government, that "we are not protecting any regime". On 15 December, Russia proposed a UN Security Council resolution condemning the violence "by all parties, including disproportionate use of force by Syrian authorities". The draft resolution also raised concern over "the illegal supply of weapons to the armed groups in Syria". Western diplomats initially referred to the proposed resolution as a basis for negotiations. The proposal was

title: Tourism in Libya

text: fried and eaten with bsisa and milk. After eating, Libyans often drink mainly green and sometimes black tea. This is normally done in 3 rounds: 1st round without sugar or mint, 2nd round with sugar and mint (or sage), and 3rd round with the tea is served with roasted peanuts or roasted almonds (mixed with the tea in the same glass). Tourism in Libya Tourism in Libya is an industry heavily hit by the Libyan Civil War. Before the war tourism was developing, with 149,000 tourists visiting Libya in 2004, rising to 180,000 in 2007, although this still only contributed

title: Tripolitanian civil war

text: 11 June 1795, when Hamza Yusuf deposed him, seized the throne, and sent Hamet into exile. Hamet later tried unsuccessfully to return and seize the throne with American support in the Battle of Derne during the First Barbary War. Tripolitanian civil war The Tripolitanian civil war was a conflict from 1793 to 1795 which occurred in what is today the country of Libya. Ali Benghul, an Ottoman officer, deposed Hamet Karamanli, the ruler of Tripolitania, who had ruled since the end of the corrupt and ineffective rule of Ali I in 1793. Hamet and his brother Yusuf returned to Tripoli

title: Chadian Civil War (2005–2010)

text: Chadian Civil War (2005–2010) The most recent Chadian Civil War began in December 2005. Since its independence from France in 1960, Chad has been swamped by the civil war between the Arab-Muslims of the north and the Sub-Saharan-Christians of the south. As a result, leadership and presidency in Chad drifted back and forth between the Christian southerners and Muslim northerners. When one side was in power, the other side usually started a revolutionary war to counter it. France, the former colonial power, and Chad's northern neighbour Libya have both become involved at various times throughout the civil war. By the

title: Racism in Libya

text: Racism in Libya Libya is a predominantly Arab country with a large Berber minority that has traditionally held racist views towards black-skinned, sub-Saharan Africans. The "New York Times" describes Libya as having a "long history of racist violence." In the 21st century, significant numbers of sub-Saharan Africans came to Libya, primarily to work as unskilled labor. Many of these were rounded up during the Libyan Civil War and accused of being "mercenaries" in the pay of Muammar Gaddafi. According to Peter Bouckaert of Human Rights Watch, the detentions reflect "“a deep-seated racism and anti-African sentiment in Libyan society.” The clashes

title: Education in Libya

text: civil war, but was later expanded to allow women and handicapped students to receive scholarships as well. Education in Libya Education in Libya begins with primary education, which is both free and compulsory. Children in Libya between the ages of 6 and 15 attend primary school and then attend secondary school for three additional years (15- to 18-year-olds). About 60 percent of students are assigned to a vocational secondary program, while the remaining 40 percent are assigned to a more academic-focused secondary program, based on test scores and interests. Under Gadaffi, primary and secondary education focused on his treatise on

title: Racism in Libya

text: between Misrata and the black-majority town of Tawergha had some racist overtones, present before the start of the civil war. Rebel slogans like "the brigade for purging slaves, black skin" were scrawled on the road between Misrata and Tawregha. Racism in Libya Libya is a predominantly Arab country with a large Berber minority that has traditionally held racist views towards black-skinned, sub-Saharan Africans. The "New York Times" describes Libya as having a "long history of racist violence." In the 21st century, significant numbers of sub-Saharan Africans came to Libya, primarily to work as unskilled labor. Many of these were rounded

title: Libyan Civil War (2011)

text: the National Transitional Council (NTC). A much greater issue has been the role of militias which fought in the civil war and their role in the new Libya. Some have refused to disarm, and cooperation with the NTC has been strained, leading to demonstrations against militias and government action to disband such groups or integrate them into the Libyan military. These unresolved issues led directly to a second civil war in Libya. Muammar Gaddafi was the head of the Free Officers, a group of Arab nationalists that deposed King Idris I in 1969 in a "bloodless coup." He abolished the

title: Liberia–Libya relations

text: to contain Nigeria and a dislike of Doe, Gaddafi began financing opposition groups in Liberia, among them Charles Taylor's National Patriotic Front of Liberia, a group whose members received weapons training in Libya. After Charles Taylor came to power in Liberia after the conclusion First Liberian Civil War, diplomatic relations with Libya were restored. Taylor's lieutenant, Moses Blah who had trained with Taylor in Libya before the civil war, was appointed to be the country's ambassador to Libya. Samuel Dokie, a former ally of Taylor who also trained in Libya, called Taylor, "Qaddafi's surrogate," and labeled his election as, "Qaddafi's

title: When the War Was On

text: with "Everybody Help the Boys Come Home" (1927) by William and Versey Smith, husband and wife. The other side of that record by the Smiths is "When That Great Ship Went Down", which relates to the sinking of RMS "Titanic". Johnson recorded his only other song on a temporal subject, "God Moves on the Water" (about the "Titanic" disaster), on the same day as he recorded "When the War Was On". It therefore seems likely that he knew that record. When the War Was On "When the War Was On" is a call and response blues song recorded in 1929

title: When the War Was On

text: When the War Was On "When the War Was On" is a call and response blues song recorded in 1929 by Blind Willie Johnson and Willie B. Harris, who is thought to have been his first wife. Johnson plays bottleneck guitar, and sings throughout in his 'growl' (false bass) voice; Harris sings soprano. The war referred to is World War I (191418). The lyrics reference U.S. President Wilson (191321) and the German Kaiser; the United States entered the war in 1917. Unusually for Johnson, the song deals with a temporal rather than a spiritual subject. It shares tune and lyrics

title: Libyan Civil War (2014–present)

text: Libyan Civil War (2014–present) The Second Libyan Civil War is an ongoing conflict among rival factions seeking control of the territory and oil of Libya. The conflict at the beginning was mostly between the government of the House of Representatives (HoR) that was controversially elected in 2014, also known as the "Tobruk government"; and the rival General National Congress (GNC) endorsed government, also called the "National Salvation Government", based in the capital Tripoli, established after Operation Odyssey Dawn and the failed military coup. The HoR, also known as the Council of Deputies, the strongest in eastern Libya, has the loyalty

title: History of the Jews in Libya

text: History of the Jews in Libya The history of the Jews in Libya stretches back to the 3rd century BCE, when Cyrenaica was under Greek rule. The Jewish population of Libya, a part of the Sephardi-Maghrebi Jewish community continued to populate the area continuously until the modern times. During World War II, Libya's Jewish population was subjected to anti-semitic laws by the Fascist Italian regime and deportations by German troops. After the war, anti-Jewish violence caused many Jews to leave the country, principally for Israel, though significant numbers remained in Rome and many later emigrated to various communities in North

title: US domestic reactions to the 2011 military intervention in Libya

text: dually necessary to "limit the amount of damage Gaddafi can do and sharply minimize the number of people he can murder" and stop the Gaddafi regime from exporting violence. In particular, Hitchens criticized Gaddafi's conduct towards the Libya people during the Libyan Civil War as homicidal, sadistic and megalomaniac. and the Obama administration's response to the Libyan Civil War as pathetic and dithering. According to conservative political commentator Bill O'Reilly, the United States was right in partaking in the no-fly zone over Libya because "there is no question that Gaddafi was on the verge of slaughtering his opposition." Liberal pundits

title: Libya lobby in the United States

text: to a 2007 memo from Monitor to Libya's intelligence chief which was subsequently obtained by the National Conference for the Libyan Opposition and posted on the internet in 2009, Monitor entered into further contracts with the Libyan regime in 2006 which were worth at least $3m (£1.8m) per year plus expenses. According to the memo these contracts were for a campaign to "enhance international understanding and appreciation of Libya... emphasize the emergence of the new Libya... [and] introduce Muammar Qadhafi as a thinker and intellectual." Monitor’s work became the subject of controversy with the onset of the Libyan Civil War.

text: aired live coverage of a speech by Gaddafi from the evening before, in which he denounced both the United States and their "Zionist" allies in front of a cheering crowd. The signal of the TV satellite operator Nilesat was jammed starting 23 February. The stations carried by Nilesat included U.S.-based Al-Hurra, Qutar-based Al-Jazeera, and UAE-based Al-Arabiya, which had been providing live coverage of the recent events and interviewing residents by telephone. Libya Alhurra TV (), meaning "Free Libya TV", is an Internet television channel founded by Mohamed Nabbous at the start of the Libyan civil war to provide news and

text: of Saif al-Islam Gaddafi's Al-Ghad Media Corporation but is now state-owned, carried an upbeat report about order being restored in Benghazi. One article reported on the families of "17 February 2006 martyrs" who met the Libyan leader and condemned the protests. The front page of state-owned Al-Jamahiriya was dedicated to pro-Gaddafi demonstrations and his public appearance at the Ahly football club in Tripoli the day before, while state-owned Al-Shams led exclusively with coverage of this event. The Libyan civil war has brought forth many new magazines and newspapers, including Al-Jazirah Al-Libiyah, Intifada Al-Ahrar, Al-Kalima, Libya Hurriya (Free Libya), Akhbar Al-Aan

title: Algeria–Libya relations

text: Algerian origin and tied heavily with Algerian identity. Gaddafi's Libya was accused by Algerian authorities for their alleged involvement at the height of Algerian Civil War that caused a devastating war killing 200.000 Algerians throughout the conflict. Libya, together with Iran, Saudi Arabia, Sudan and Morocco, had involved heavily on supporting the Islamist Armed Islamic Group of Algeria as well as other Islamist militant groups. This became a melting point that made two nations had a very sour relationship, a fact that developed a deep mistrust among Algerians towards Libya. During the Libyan Civil War, the anti-Gaddafi National Transitional Council

title: Tripolitanian civil war

text: Tripolitanian civil war The Tripolitanian civil war was a conflict from 1793 to 1795 which occurred in what is today the country of Libya. Ali Benghul, an Ottoman officer, deposed Hamet Karamanli, the ruler of Tripolitania, who had ruled since the end of the corrupt and ineffective rule of Ali I in 1793. Hamet and his brother Yusuf returned to Tripoli with the aid of the Bey of Tunis and took control of the throne. Following the end of the war Hamet Karamanli was initially returned to the throne, ruling again as Ahmad II Pasha from 20 January 1795 until

title: Foreign relations of Libya

text: authority" in Libya and some of these countries invited the council to appoint diplomatic envoys and to take over Libyan embassies in their capitals. A number of embassies and diplomatic offices in other countries have declared allegiance to the council unilaterally, but it is unclear whether they are in communication with it. Representative missions of the NTC during the civil war: Foreign relations of Libya The foreign relations of Libya were largely reset at the end of the Libyan Civil War, with the overthrow of Muammar Gaddafi and the ongoing Second Libyan Civil War. The current Minister of Foreign Affairs

title: United Nations Support Mission in Libya

text: United Nations Support Mission in Libya The United Nations Support Mission in Libya (UNSMIL) is a United Nations advanced mission in Libya, in the aftermath of the Libyan Civil War. UNSMIL is not a military mission, but a political one led by the Department of Political Affairs. It aims to help the National Transitional Council rebuild the State of Law and other institutions. Its mandate was last extended on 13 September 2018 to last until 15 September 2019. UNSMIL, United Nations Support Mission in Libya, recorded 48 deaths and 22 injuries in clashes between Libya’s political factions in the month

text: use it in accordance with the laws and regulations" and otherwise would "be punished according to the law that criminalizes communicating with the enemy in time of war, and stipulates penalties up to the death penalty". After 22 August, the day Tripoli fell to the rebels, Internet traffic began increasing again and by 2 September had reached daily levels in excess of 50% and often as high as 75% of pre-war levels. Social media networks are used in two distinct ways during conflicts: as organizing tools and as broadcasting platforms. During the civil war in Libya the emphasis was on

title: Libya

text: their involvement in the African slave trade. Libya is included in the European Union's European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP) which aims at bringing the EU and its neighbours closer. Libyan authorities rejected European Union's plans aimed at stopping migration from Libya. Libya's previous national army was defeated in the Libyan Civil War and disbanded. The Tobruk based Libyan House of Representatives who claim to be the legitimate government of Libya have attempted to reestablish a military known as the Libyan National Army. Led by Khalifa Haftar, they control much of eastern Libya. In May 2012, an estimated 35,000 personnel had joined

title: Libya Herald

text: years but resigned upon the outbreak of the Libyan Civil War, frustrated at the Gaddafi regime's strict censorship. Until January 2013, the paper's deputy editor was George Grant, a British journalist who also worked as Libya correspondent for "The Times" newspaper. Grant was subsequently forced to leave Libya following an abduction threat from suspected Islamists in Benghazi following an investigation he was conducting into a death list in the city. Libya Herald The Libya Herald () is an English-language newspaper based in Tripoli, Libya. It was launched on 17 February 2012, the first anniversary of the outbreak of the Libyan

title: Libya Herald

text: Libya Herald The Libya Herald () is an English-language newspaper based in Tripoli, Libya. It was launched on 17 February 2012, the first anniversary of the outbreak of the Libyan Civil War, and currently publishes news through its website, though plans are in place to launch a print edition in the near future. The Libya Herald was the initiative of Michel Cousins, a British journalist raised in Libya who has worked in the Arab world for much of his career. Cousins co-founded the paper together with Sami Zaptia, a Libyan journalist who worked for the state-owned "Tripoli Post" for ten

title: Italian settlers in Libya

text: Italian settlers in Libya Italian settlers in Libya (, also called Italian Libyans) typically refers to Italians, and their descendants, who resided or were born in Italian Libya, in the colonial period preceding independent Libya. Italian heritage in Libya can be dated back to Ancient Rome, when the Romans controlled and colonized Libya for a period of more than five centuries prior to the fall of the Roman Empire and its takeover by Arab and Turkish civilizations. But predominantly Italian heritage in Libya refers to modern-day Italians. In 1911, the Kingdom of Italy waged war on the Ottoman Empire and

title: Libya Al Jadida

text: as daily. In 2012, the paper had a circulation of 7,500 copies. Mahmoud Al Misrati is the editor-in-chief of the paper. Although the paper has full-time staff, freelance journalists also contribute to it. "Libya Al Jadida" is one of a few independent papers in Libya in that it does not represent and have affiliation with any political interest groups and parties. Libya Al Jadida Libya Al Jadida (, meaning "The New Libya") is an Arabic daily newspaper based in Tripoli, Libya. It was launched in Tunis during the Libyan Civil War. "Libya Al Jadida" was founded by Mahmoud Al Misrati

title: Rail transport in Libya

text: has ceased during the Libyan Civil War. As of March 2012, the plans have been delayed until further notice In February 2013, the pre-revolution railway project has been approved for resumption by the government. On 10 June 2007 a contract was signed with American General Electric Co. for supply of locomotives and training of Libyan nationals in operational and maintenance work. The contract includes the import of spare parts and technical assistance. The first shipment will arrive Libya by mid-2009. Libya has bought one IC4 diesel multiple unit from AnsaldoBreda for evaluation. It is parked at until a network is

title: Refugees of Libya

text: Refugees of Libya Refugees of the Libyan Civil War are the people, predominantly Libyans, who fled or were expelled from their homes during the Libyan Civil War, from within the borders of Libya to the neighbouring states of Tunisia, Egypt and Chad, as well as to European countries across the Mediterranean. The majority of Libyan refugees are Arabs and Berbers, though many of the other ethnicities temporarily living in Libya originated from sub-Saharan Africa. These groups were also among the first refugee waves to exit the country. The total number of Libyan refugees were estimated at around one million as

title: Michigan in the American Civil War

text: Michigan in the American Civil War Michigan made a substantial contribution to the Union during the American Civil War. While the state itself was far removed from the combat theaters of the war, Michigan supplied a large number of troops and several generals, including George Armstrong Custer. When, at the beginning of the war, Michigan was asked to supply no more than four regiments, Governor Austin Blair sent seven. Before the Civil War, President James Buchanan took a weak position amid a looming South secession crisis. Secretary of State Lewis Cass of Michigan, a 78-year-old elder statesman who has been

title: Libya–United Kingdom relations

text: civil war. Libya was an Italian colony for much of the early 20th century until it was invaded in World War II, with Tripolitania and Cyrenaica being occupied by the UK and Fezzan occupied by France. After the war, the United Nations organised negotiations to decolonise Libya. These were successful and on 24 December 1951, the United Kingdom of Libya was established under the leadership of King Idris. Under Idris, Libya maintained a close relationship with the UK even after their relations with other Arab nations soured due to the 1956 Suez Crisis. Relations after Muammar Gaddafi's 1969 coup were

title: Human rights in Libya

text: several Revolutionary Committees that had condoned the use of torture. Torture was allegedly used by Libya's security forces to punish rebels after the rebellion hit north west Libya during the civil war. Torture has been used by rebel forces, who established unofficial detention facilities equipped with torture devices such as ropes, sticks and rubber hoses. The rebels have used torture against many suspected Gaddafi supporters, targeting black Africans in particular. Various states and supranational bodies have condemned the use of military and mercenaries against Libyan civilians during the Libyan Civil War, an allegation that Saif al-Islam Gaddafi denies. After an

title: Libya–Pakistan relations

text: the same time, the Arab media circulated news reports alleging involvement of Pakistan military in the events of civil war in Libya, the Foreign Office emphatically stated that these were mischievous and totally baseless. There are no presence of any Pakistan military contingent forces in Libya. During the Abu Salim prison massacre remembrance, the Pakistan Embassy in Tripoli was attacked and bombed by the unknown Libyan terror group. No group claimed the responsibility of the act. Pakistan received economic assistance from Libya in the 1970s, aiding in the country's recovery after the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971. More recently, Libya has

title: Religion in Libya

text: was subjected to anti-Semitic laws by the Fascist Italian regime and deportations by German troops. After the war, anti-Jewish violence caused many Jews to leave the country usually for Israel. A savage pogrom in Tripoli on 5 November 1945, killed more than 140 Jews and wounded hundreds more. Almost every synagogue was looted. In June 1948, when there was a recorded 38,000 Jews in Libya, rioters murdered another 12 Jews and destroyed 280 Jewish homes. Thousands of Jews fled the country after Libya was granted independence and membership in the Arab League in 1951. After the Six-Day War, the Jewish

title: Libya

text: thought, came under the control of militants aligned with the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant in 2014. Jihadist elements have also spread to Sirte and Benghazi, among other areas, as a result of the Second Libyan Civil War. There are small foreign communities of Christians. Coptic Orthodox Christianity, which is the Christian Church of Egypt, is the largest and most historical Christian denomination in Libya. There are about 60,000 Egyptian Copts in Libya. Copts in Libya are Egyptian. There are three Coptic Churches in Libya, one in Tripoli, one in Benghazi, and one in Misurata. The Coptic Church

title: Libya–Russia relations

text: Libya–Russia relations Libya–Russia relations (; ) is the bilateral relationship between the two countries, Libya and Russia. Russia has an embassy in Tripoli, and Libya has an embassy in Moscow. Diplomatic contact between Russia and Libya has generally been close and productive; seeing as both countries have had and continue to see volatile relations with the United States. Leader Muammar al-Gaddafi was a close ally of the Soviet Union, despite his country's membership in the Non-Aligned Movement; also Russia regarded Libya as one of its strongest allies in the Arab world. After the Libyan Civil War Russia has supported stabilizing

title: Oregon in the American Civil War

text: Leesburg, VA on October 21, 1861. His death in battle occurred exactly one month after another Oregonian, Captain James W. Lingenfelter of Company B,71st Pennsylvania infantry, was killed while on the picket line. In civilian life, Captain Lingenfelter had been a practicing attorney in Jacksonville, Oregon. He had been visiting in the East when the war started and enlisted to serve with Colonel Baker. Civil War.” "Oregon Historical Quarterly" 100#1 (Spring 1999): 4-31. Oregon in the American Civil War At the outbreak of the American Civil War in 1861, regular U.S. Army troops in the District of Oregon were withdrawn

title: Mobile, Alabama in the American Civil War

text: Mobile, Alabama in the American Civil War Mobile, Alabama, during the American Civil War was an important port city on the Gulf of Mexico for the Confederate States of America. Mobile fell to the Union army late in the war following successful attacks on the defenses of Mobile Bay by the Union Navy. Mobile had grown substantially in the period leading up to the Civil War when the Confederates heavily fortified it. The 1860 U.S. Census reported that Mobile had 29,258 residents, making it the 27th largest city in the country. When the Confederacy was formed after the secession of

title: Military leadership in the Afghan Civil War

text: Military leadership in the Afghan Civil War The Civil War in Afghanistan (1978–present), also known as the "Afghan Civil War" and several other names, was a civil war in Afghanistan. The civil war started when the Communist Party of Afghanistan took all political power in Afghanistan on 27 April 1978. This event led indirectly to the Soviet military intervention in Afghanistan. Sergei Sokolov Valentin Varennikov Boris Gromov Babrak Karmal (PDPA) Mohammad Najibullah (PDPA) Abdul Rashid Dostum (PDPA) Burhanuddin Rabbani (Islamic State) Ahmed Shah Massoud † (Islamic State) Mohammed Fahim (Islamic State) Bismillah Khan (Islamic Republic) Tommy Franks (CENTCOM) John P.

title: Medicine in the American Civil War

text: Medicine in the American Civil War The state of medical knowledge at the time of the Civil War was extremely primitive. Doctors did not understand infection, and did little to prevent it. It was a time before antiseptics, and a time when there was no attempt to maintain sterility during surgery. No antibiotics were available, and minor wounds could easily become infected, and hence fatal. While the typical soldier was at very high risk of being shot and killed in combat, he faced an even greater risk of dying from disease. Before the Civil War, the armies tended to be

text: Abizaid (CENTCOM) William J. Fallon (CENTCOM) Martin Dempsey (CENTCOM) David Petraeus (CENTCOM) David Richards (ISAF) Dan McNeill (ISAF) Mauro del Vecchio (ISAF) Osama bin Laden Ayman al-Zawahiri Mustafa Abu al-Yazid Ahmad Shah Massoud Abdul Haq Ismail Khan Gulbuddin Hekmatyar Jalaluddin Haqqani Abdullah AzzamJalaluddin Haqqani Tohir Yo‘ldosh Gulbuddin Hekmatyar Sirajuddin Haqqani Baitullah Mehsud Mohammed Omar Obaidullah Akhund Mullah Dadullah Mullah Bakht Mohammed Jalaluddin Haqqani Military leadership in the Afghan Civil War The Civil War in Afghanistan (1978–present), also known as the "Afghan Civil War" and several other names, was a civil war in Afghanistan. The civil war started when the Communist

title: Israeli involvement in the Syrian Civil War

text: Israeli involvement in the Syrian Civil War Israeli involvement in the Syrian Civil War, or Israel's role in the Syrian Civil War refers to the political stance, military incidents and humanitarian help of Israel on the course of the Syrian Civil War. While the Israeli official position is neutrality in the conflict, Israel is opposed to Iran's involvement in the war. Israel's military role in the war has been limited to missile strikes, which until 2017 were not officially acknowledged. Israel has provided humanitarian aid to Syrian war victims, an effort that was drastically geared up since June 2016 when

title: Washington in the American Civil War

text: of the American Civil War, modern-day Washington was part of the Washington Territory. On March 3, 1863, the Idaho Territory was formed from that territory, consisting of the entirety of modern-day Idaho, Montana, and all but southwest Wyoming leaving the modern-day Washington as Washington Territory. Washington Territory before the Civil War was the most remote place in the United States from the theater of conflict. Additionally Washington Territory only had peace with the local Indians for three years when the Civil War began and the few settlers there were just recovering from the fear and economic strain those wars had

title: Atlanta in the American Civil War

text: Atlanta in the American Civil War The city of Atlanta, Georgia, in Fulton County, was an important rail and commercial center during the American Civil War. Although relatively small in population, the city became a critical point of contention during the Atlanta Campaign in 1864 when a powerful Union army approached from Union-held Tennessee. The fall of Atlanta was a critical point in the Civil War, giving the North more confidence, and (along with the victories at Mobile Bay and Winchester) leading to the re-election of President Abraham Lincoln and the eventual surrender of the Confederacy. The capture of the

title: Jews of Libya during the Holocaust

text: Jews living in Libya before the war, as a result of the later Jewish exodus from Arab and Muslim countries, there are no Jews left in the country today. In July 1911 the Italian government demanded control of Libya from the Ottoman Empire. When the demand was not met, Italy declared war and quickly conquered the main cities along the coast of Libya. Some of the Jews of Libya supported Italy, and some actively contributed to the war effort. One of the reasons behind the support of Italy and a regime change began with the Italian influence on Libya through

title: Railway stations in Libya

text: Sabha at the centre of a mineral-rich area. However, due to the ongoing conflict as a result of the Libyan Civil War, no new work on the rail network has been carried out since 2012. Railway stations in Libya There were few railway stations built in Libya during the 20th century. The ones that were built were done so by the Italians from the 1920s as part of their colonial administration. Today there are no functioning railway stations active in the country, but new ones are planned, as part of a new railroad system. Between 1920 and 1936 the Italians

title: Demographics of Libya

text: BCE, Libya was under the rule of the Phoenician Carthage. After the Romans defeated Carthage in the Third Punic War, Libya became a Roman province under the name of Tripolitania until the 7th century CE when Libya was conquered by the Arab Muslims as part of the Arab conquest of North Africa. Centuries after that, the Ottoman Empire conquered Libya in 1551. It remained in control of its territory until 1911 when the country was conquered by Italy. In the 18th century Libya was used as the base for various pirates. In the Second World War Libya was one of

title: Cornwall in the English Civil War

text: against the Parliamentarian forces of Sir Hardress Waller at a site near the Helford River. Cornwall in the English Civil War Cornwall played a significant role in the English Civil War, being a Royalist enclave in the generally Parliamentarian south-west. The English Civil War lasted nearly nine years, having begun with the battle of Edgehill, in Warwickshire, on Sunday, 23 October 1642, and ended with the battle of Worcester, on 3 September 1651. The principal events in Cornwall happened in the following order. In October 1642, Cornwall was secured for the king when some 10,000 men rose under the command

title: Cornwall in the English Civil War

text: Cornwall in the English Civil War Cornwall played a significant role in the English Civil War, being a Royalist enclave in the generally Parliamentarian south-west. The English Civil War lasted nearly nine years, having begun with the battle of Edgehill, in Warwickshire, on Sunday, 23 October 1642, and ended with the battle of Worcester, on 3 September 1651. The principal events in Cornwall happened in the following order. In October 1642, Cornwall was secured for the king when some 10,000 men rose under the command of the local Royalist gentry and drove out the small force of Cornish Parliamentarians who

title: Libya Shield Force

text: Libya Shield Force The Libya Shield Force is an armed organisation formed in 2012 out of anti-Gaddafi armed groups spread throughout Libya. The Libyan parliament designated much of the Libya Shield Force as terrorist and elements of the Libya Shield Force were identified as linked to al-Qaeda as early as 2012. Since the outbreak of the Second Libyan Civil War, the Libya Shield Force has been associated with the Islamic fundamentalist side. The major branches of the Libya Shield Force fighting for Islamists in the current conflict are: The Libyan Ministry of Defense, under decision No. 29, formed and named

title: Libya Shield Force

title: Maryland in the American Civil War

text: Lincoln as a "despot," a "Vandal," and, the word Marylander John Wilkes Booth shouted when he assassinated Lincoln, a "tyrant." Maryland in the American Civil War During the American Civil War (1861-1865), Maryland, a slave state, was one of the border states, straddling the South and North. Because of its strategic location, bordering the national capital city of Washington D.C. with its District of Columbia since 1790, and the strong desire of the opposing factions within the state to sway public opinion towards their respective causes, Maryland played an important role in the American Civil War (1861-1865). Newly elected 16th

title: Demographics of Libya

text: oil to improve the living conditions of the population and to assist Palestinian guerrillas in their fight against the Israelis. In 1979, Libya fought in Uganda to assist the government of Idi Amin in the Ugandan Civil War, and in 1981, fought in the Libyan-Chadian War. Libya had occupied the Aozou Strip; however, in 1990 the International Court of Justice submitted the case and allowed the full recuperation of territory to Chad. In September 2008, Italy and Libya signed a memorandum by which Italy would pay $5 billion over the next 20 years to compensate Libya for its dominion over