query: where the french language come from?

title: French language

text: French language French ( or ) is a Romance language of the Indo-European family. It descended from the Vulgar Latin of the Roman Empire, as did all Romance languages. French evolved from Gallo-Romance, the spoken Latin in Gaul, and more specifically in Northern Gaul. Its closest relatives are the other langues d'oïl—languages historically spoken in northern France and in southern Belgium, which French (Francien) has largely supplanted. French was also influenced by native Celtic languages of Northern Roman Gaul like Gallia Belgica and by the (Germanic) Frankish language of the post-Roman Frankish invaders. Today, owing to France's past overseas expansion,

title: French language

title: Where I Come From (album)

text: with Nelson on a half dozen cuts and the long-time Grateful Dead lyricist demonstrates an elegant command of language on the title song, while the band's playing on a close to eight minute track is articulate in its own way... NRPS 2009 can excel when they improvise, as on the ten-minute plus of 'Ghost Train Blues', and the group would do well to jam more often and bring in more cover material, such as the traditional 'Them Old Minglewood Blues', to complement their originals." Where I Come From (album) Where I Come From is the fourteenth studio album by the

title: Where the Toys Come From

text: find their maker, named Kenji and their questions are answered. Where the Toys Come From Where The Toys Come From is a Disney special directed by Theodore Thomas created in 1983 and then released in 1984 by Walt Disney Studio Showcase. It follows the journey of two toys, named Zoom and Peepers, as they try to find out where they were made. Their owner, named Robin assists them in their journey. Their search begins in a toy museum, where they find out they were made in Japan. Robin takes them to the toy store they were purchased from and they

title: Where the Toys Come From

text: Where the Toys Come From Where The Toys Come From is a Disney special directed by Theodore Thomas created in 1983 and then released in 1984 by Walt Disney Studio Showcase. It follows the journey of two toys, named Zoom and Peepers, as they try to find out where they were made. Their owner, named Robin assists them in their journey. Their search begins in a toy museum, where they find out they were made in Japan. Robin takes them to the toy store they were purchased from and they begin their trip to Japan. In Japan, Zoom and Peepers

title: Where We Come From

text: as positive reviews by NPR, The Guardian, The Washington Post, Billboard, Dazed, Jamaican Observer, Complex, FACT, and more. "Where We Come From" received acclaim from music critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalised rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the album received an average score of 81, which indicates "universal acclaim", based on 5 reviews. Where We Come From Where We Come From is the debut studio album by Jamaican dancehall artist Popcaan, released on 10 June 2014 by Mixpak Records. A prolific dancehall artist from Jamaica, Popcaan collaborated with several producers on the album: Dre Skull

title: Where We Come From

text: Where We Come From Where We Come From is the debut studio album by Jamaican dancehall artist Popcaan, released on 10 June 2014 by Mixpak Records. A prolific dancehall artist from Jamaica, Popcaan collaborated with several producers on the album: Dre Skull (who also served as the album's Executive Producer), Dubbel Dutch, Anju Blaxx, Jaime YVP and Adde Instrumentals. "Where We Come From" received critical acclaim upon release, and placed on several year-end critics' lists for 2014. Upon release of the album, Popcaan was featured as the cover star on The Fader, garnered an 8.0 rating at Pitchfork, as well

title: Where Soldiers Come From

text: Where Soldiers Come From Where Soldiers Come From is a 2011 American documentary film directed by Heather Courtney. The film is an intimate look at a group of young American men who join the Michigan Army National Guard, their families, and the town they come from. Director Heather Courtney follows these young men closely, as they transition from small town teenagers to Army guardsmen during the war in Afghanistan. Their story continues to follow the 23-year-old veterans dealing with the less visible wounds of Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) and PTSD. It premiered at South by Southwest festival, where it won

title: Where Do We Come From? What Are We? Where Are We Going?

text: Boston, acquired it from the Marie Harriman Gallery on 16 April 1936. Where Do We Come From? What Are We? Where Are We Going? Where Do We Come From? What Are We? Where Are We Going? is a painting by French artist Paul Gauguin. Gauguin inscribed the original French title in the upper left corner: D'où Venons Nous / Que Sommes Nous / Où Allons Nous. The inscription the artist wrote on his canvas has no question mark, no dash, and all words are capitalized. In the upper right corner he signed and dated the painting: "P. Gauguin / 1897".

text: Where Do We Come From? What Are We? Where Are We Going? Where Do We Come From? What Are We? Where Are We Going? is a painting by French artist Paul Gauguin. Gauguin inscribed the original French title in the upper left corner: D'où Venons Nous / Que Sommes Nous / Où Allons Nous. The inscription the artist wrote on his canvas has no question mark, no dash, and all words are capitalized. In the upper right corner he signed and dated the painting: "P. Gauguin / 1897". The painting was created in Tahiti, and is in the Museum of

title: Where Soldiers Come From

text: You, as well as an original score by composers Alex Chavez and Chad Stocker. Where Soldiers Come From Where Soldiers Come From is a 2011 American documentary film directed by Heather Courtney. The film is an intimate look at a group of young American men who join the Michigan Army National Guard, their families, and the town they come from. Director Heather Courtney follows these young men closely, as they transition from small town teenagers to Army guardsmen during the war in Afghanistan. Their story continues to follow the 23-year-old veterans dealing with the less visible wounds of Traumatic Brain

title: Come to Where I'm From

text: and remixed to become "Come to Where I'm From". As this was not the official finalized release, few promos were made. Note Come to Where I'm From Come to Where I'm From is the second studio album by Joseph Arthur released by Real World Records on April 11, 2000. The album was co-produced by T-Bone Burnett, and features the singles "Chemical" and "In the Sun." Real World Records reissued the album in July 2012, as a part of their "Real World Gold" series. In the UK, there were two singles released from the album: On March 11, 1999, a promo

title: Where Do You Come From

text: Where Do You Come From "Where Do You Come From" is a song first recorded by Elvis Presley as part of the soundtrack for his 1962 motion picture "Girls! Girls! Girls!". Later it was rejected from the motion picture and wasn't used in it, but appeared on its soundtrack album "Girls! Girls! Girls!". The song was written by Ruth Bachelor and Bob Roberts. Elvis Presley recorded "Where Do You Come From" on March 27, 1962 — during his March 26-28 soundtrack recordings for the Paramount motion picture "Girls! Girls! Girls!" at the Radio Recorders studio in Hollywood, California. The song

title: Back Where I Come From

text: Back Where I Come From "Back Where I Come From" is a song written and recorded by American country music artist Mac McAnally. It was released in January 1990 as the first single from his album "Simple Life". The song reached number 14 on the "Billboard" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart. Its B-side, "Company Time", was later a single for Linda Davis in 1994. The song is a mid-tempo in which the narrator expresses nostalgia towards his hometown in Mississippi. Regarding its content, McAnally told "American Songwriter", "When I wrote 'Back Where I Come From' I thought that it

title: Where I Come From (album)

text: Where I Come From (album) Where I Come From is the fourteenth studio album by the American country rock band the New Riders of the Purple Sage. It was recorded in 2008, and released on the Woodstock Records label on June 2, 2009. Following "", "Where I Come From" was the second album recorded by the New Riders after they re-formed in 2005, with band co-founder David Nelson on guitar, long-time member Buddy Cage on pedal steel guitar, Hot Tuna alumnus Michael Falzarano on guitar, Ronnie Penque on bass, and Johnny Markowski on drums. It was the band's first studio

title: Where Do You Come From

text: was released on a single as a flip side to "Return to Sender" in October 1962. "Where Do You Come From" peaked at number 99 on the "Billboard" Hot 100, while "Return to Sender" peaked at number 2. The title "Return to Sender" was certified Gold in the United States for selling a million copies. "Billboard" in 1962 called the song a "croon ballad". According to the book "Elvis Films FAQ", it is a "slow, aching ballad" that "starts a bit like "As Long As I Have You"" Where Do You Come From "Where Do You Come From" is a

title: Back Where I Come From

text: said that "As a publisher I knew I was devaluing the copyright by singing it myself instead of passing it onto better and bigger singers, but I did it anyway. One of many of my classically bad business choices, but thankfully Kenny Chesney was kind enough to bail me out and cut it again." From "Simple Life" liner notes. Back Where I Come From "Back Where I Come From" is a song written and recorded by American country music artist Mac McAnally. It was released in January 1990 as the first single from his album "Simple Life". The song reached

title: Come to Where I'm From

text: Come to Where I'm From Come to Where I'm From is the second studio album by Joseph Arthur released by Real World Records on April 11, 2000. The album was co-produced by T-Bone Burnett, and features the singles "Chemical" and "In the Sun." Real World Records reissued the album in July 2012, as a part of their "Real World Gold" series. In the UK, there were two singles released from the album: On March 11, 1999, a promo CD titled Rusty Water was released via Virgin Records. The CD featured 13 tracks, most of which would later be re-recorded, edited,

title: Where Do Teenagers Come From?

text: especially young girls, experience adolescence and how her body changes. Where Do Teenagers Come From? Where Do Teenagers Come From? was an American television teen comedy/documentary that aired as an "ABC Afterschool Special" on March 5, 1980. The live action/animation program was produced by DePatie-Freleng Enterprises and was a sequel to the 1977 program "My Mom's Having a Baby." The special was notable for its signature song "Growing Up," written by Doug Goodwin. When 12-year-old Kelly begins to experience changes in her body, she, along with Petey and Oscar, once again visit Dr. Lendon Smith, who uses an animated film

title: Where Do Teenagers Come From?

text: Where Do Teenagers Come From? Where Do Teenagers Come From? was an American television teen comedy/documentary that aired as an "ABC Afterschool Special" on March 5, 1980. The live action/animation program was produced by DePatie-Freleng Enterprises and was a sequel to the 1977 program "My Mom's Having a Baby." The special was notable for its signature song "Growing Up," written by Doug Goodwin. When 12-year-old Kelly begins to experience changes in her body, she, along with Petey and Oscar, once again visit Dr. Lendon Smith, who uses an animated film that explains in detail (via Smith's narraration) of how teenagers,

title: The Universality of the French Language

text: in its turn fell in a period of political conflicts. Invaded by Germans, by Spanish, and by French, Italy lost its authority at the expense of its adversaries. Symptomatically, the importance of the Italian language weakened. The last language to come under fire was English. Rivarol heaped the most virulent criticism on England. He described England as a country “under cloudy sky, isolated from the rest of the world, served as an exile for Romans” Throughout his essay, the author drew a discriminatory comparison between French and English cultures. He overtly disparaged English values at the expense of French ones.

title: Where I Come From (Alan Jackson song)

text: fell to number 2 on October 27, with Brooks & Dunn's "Only in America" taking over at Number One. The next week, "Where I Come From" returned to number 1 for a third and final week at the top. Where I Come From (Alan Jackson song) "Where I Come From" is a song written and performed by American country music singer Alan Jackson. It was released in July 2001 as the third single from his album "When Somebody Loves You". In November 2001, the song became Jackson's 18th #1 hit on the "Billboard" country charts, his only number one from

title: Never Forget (Where You Come From)

text: the album managed to sell more than 500,000 copies domestically. With thirty-eight weeks in the German Top 100, a platinum, and a gold certification the album became the eleventh successful album of 2002. Never Forget (Where You Come From) Never Forget (Where You Come From) is the debut studio album by German pop group Bro'Sis. It was released on January 21, 2002 on Cheyenne Records, Polydor and Zeitgeist. It was primarily produced by Toni Cottura, with additional production from Alex Christensen, Marc Mozart, Syndicate Music, and others. The album reached the top of the German, Austrian and Swiss albums chart

title: Never Forget (Where You Come From)

text: Never Forget (Where You Come From) Never Forget (Where You Come From) is the debut studio album by German pop group Bro'Sis. It was released on January 21, 2002 on Cheyenne Records, Polydor and Zeitgeist. It was primarily produced by Toni Cottura, with additional production from Alex Christensen, Marc Mozart, Syndicate Music, and others. The album reached the top of the German, Austrian and Swiss albums chart and spawned five singles, including number one single "I Believe" and a cover version of 98 Degrees' 1999 Christmas single "The Gift". Including its "Special Winter Edition" (released on November 11, 2002) and

title: Where Soldiers Come From

text: "hauntingly beautiful and deeply felt...some of the best Afghanistan war-related storytelling I’ve seen.” In his review of the film, "Time Magazine"'s film critic Steven James Snyder called it an "emotional and engrossing portrait of America's bravest." Matt Zoller Seitz of Salon claimed that "the last 10 years have produced an array of documentaries about post-9/11 America, but few are as haunting and compassionate as Heather Courtney’s ‘Where Soldiers Come From.’” Salon also included the film in their list of "the best nonfiction TV of 2011." Documentary filmmaker Michael Moore said the film was "a profoundly moving experience. One of the

title: Charter of the French Language

text: to this Act", the local indigenous language is still subject to it off-reserve. For example, the local indigenous language is not exempted from the application of Article 58, whereby "public signs, advertising and posters must be in French", and may be in the local indigenous language "provided that French is markedly predominant". Though Article 58 does allow the provincial government to "determine by regulation the places, cases, conditions or circumstances ... where French need not be predominant or where such signs, posters and advertising may be in another language only", it imposes no obligation on the government to exempt the

title: French language

text: growth. It is also where the language has evolved the most in recent years. Some vernacular forms of French in Africa can be difficult to understand for French speakers from other countries, but written forms of the language are very closely related to those of the rest of the French-speaking world. French is the second most common language in Canada, after English, and both are official languages at the federal level. It is the first language of 9.5 million people or 29% and the second language for 2.07 million or 6% of the entire population of Canada. French is the

title: Where I Come From (Alan Jackson song)

text: Where I Come From (Alan Jackson song) "Where I Come From" is a song written and performed by American country music singer Alan Jackson. It was released in July 2001 as the third single from his album "When Somebody Loves You". In November 2001, the song became Jackson's 18th #1 hit on the "Billboard" country charts, his only number one from the album. The song is a moderate up-tempo which finds the narrator, a truck driver, traveling across the United States and finding himself in various situations that make him think about how life in other places is different from

title: Where I Come From (Montgomery Gentry song)

text: September 2017. It would be the duo's final Top 10 hit. The music video was directed by Potsy Ponciroli and premiered in September 2011. Where I Come From (Montgomery Gentry song) "Where I Come From" is a song recorded by American country music duo Montgomery Gentry. It is the first single from their seventh studio album, "Rebels on the Run". The song was written by Rodney Clawson and Dallas Davidson. The song is a mid-tempo rock-influenced song in which the narrators express pride with their Southern heritage. Co-writer Dallas Davidson said that he did not like many of Montgomery Gentry's

text: Where I Come From (Montgomery Gentry song) "Where I Come From" is a song recorded by American country music duo Montgomery Gentry. It is the first single from their seventh studio album, "Rebels on the Run". The song was written by Rodney Clawson and Dallas Davidson. The song is a mid-tempo rock-influenced song in which the narrators express pride with their Southern heritage. Co-writer Dallas Davidson said that he did not like many of Montgomery Gentry's previous singles, and that "I feel like this song fits them, and I say that as a fan. I think that they can actually

title: The Tunnel (1933 French-language film)

text: The Tunnel (1933 French-language film) The Tunnel (French:Le tunnel) is a 1933 French-German science fiction film directed by Curtis Bernhardt and starring Jean Gabin, Madeleine Renaud and Robert Le Vigan. It was the French language version of the German film "The Tunnel", with a different cast and some changes to the plot. Both were followed in 1935 by an English version. Such Multiple-language versions were common in the years immediately following the introduction of sound, before the practice of dubbing had come to dominate international releases. Germany and France made a significant number of films together at this time. The

title: Back Where I Come From

text: was a hit, but also that it said something that I personally wanted to be the first to say." The song, the first cut on "Simple Life", has a play length of 3 minutes and 32 seconds; a 1-minute and 20 second reprise, performed by McAnally on piano with backing from the Nashville String Machine, is the album's sixth track. "Back Where I Come From" was covered by Kenny Chesney on his 1996 album "Me and You", produced by Barry Beckett. Chesney also included a live version of the song on his 2000 "Greatest Hits" album. Of Chesney's recordings, McAnally

title: French language in Vietnam

text: language of instruction has increased in many localities and schools in major cities. Vietnam has also recently become a destination for students from other parts of Asia to come and study the French language. Communities of returned refugees from France and Quebec as well as students who have studied in Francophone nations have also added to the French-speaking population of Vietnam. Vietnamese French is based on standard French, but contains words that have been influenced not only by Vietnamese but also by Chinese and English, the latter due to U.S. presence in the south during the Vietnam War. Additionally, the

title: French language

text: in number of pupils is far ahead of other languages. In the United States, Spanish is the most commonly taught foreign language, though French is next. The future of the French language is often discussed in the news. For example, in 2014, "The New York Times" documented an increase in the teaching of French in New York, especially in dual-language programs where Spanish and Mandarin are offered rather than French as the second language. In a study published in March 2014 by "Forbes", the investment bank Natixis said that French could become the world's most spoken language by 2050. It

title: Where I Come From (album)

text: weepy side of the pedal steel in favor of something more stinging. These New Riders jam a bit more than the original ensemble, and they also rock a bit more." On Jambands.com, Brian Robbins said, "Forget the 40 years of history; forget the dues paid and the groundwork laid for what came to be known as the jamband scene; forget the family tree whose roots are tightly entwined with those of the Dead; just forget all that stuff and throw on a copy of the New Riders of the Purple Sage "Where I Come From". Pretend it's the debut album

title: Where I Come From (album)

text: by a bonus disc called Where I Come From: Radio Mixes & Live Bonus. On Allmusic, William Ruhlmann wrote, "But the heart of the album — seven songs out of 12 — is the work of the new songwriting team of Nelson and Robert Hunter... Hunter comes up with his typically aphoristic, imagistic, and vernacular words (particularly on the title song) and Nelson matches them with catchy, country-tinged melodies that the band plays in frisky country-rock roadhouse arrangements. This may be San Francisco music, but Bakersfield doesn't seem far away as the guitars go twangy and Cage plays down the

title: Where I Come From (album)

text: album in 17 years, since 1992's "Midnight Moonlight". The music for seven of the songs on the album was written by David Nelson, with lyrics by Robert Hunter, who wrote the lyrics for many Grateful Dead songs. Four of the other five songs were also written by current band members. In 2010, a version of the song "Olivia Rose", written by Ronnie Penque, appeared on his album "Only Road Home". The cover of "Where I Come From" was illustrated by Stanley Mouse, an artist known for his many concert posters and album covers. Some copies of the album were accompanied

title: French language

text: also an official language of all of the territories (Northwest Territories, Nunavut, and Yukon). Out of the three, Yukon has the most French speakers, comprising just under 4% of the population. Furthermore, while French is not an official language in Ontario, the French Language Services Act ensures that provincial services are to be available in the language. The Act applies to areas of the province where there are significant Francophone communities, namely Eastern Ontario and Northern Ontario. Elsewhere, sizable French-speaking minorities are found in southern Manitoba, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island and the Port au Port Peninsula in Newfoundland and

title: French language

text: worldwide is expected to reach 700 million people in 2050. French is the fastest growing language on the continent (in terms of either official or foreign languages). French is mostly a second language in Africa, but it has become a first language in some urban areas, such as the region of Abidjan, Ivory Coast and in Libreville, Gabon. There is not a single African French, but multiple forms that diverged through contact with various indigenous African languages. Sub-Saharan Africa is the region where the French language is most likely to expand, because of the expansion of education and rapid population

title: French language in Cambodia

text: Cambodian, Cantonese Chinese, and Teochew Chinese. Cambodian French is based on standard Parisian French but contains more differences from standard French than the dialects of Vietnam and Laos. French-language media is present in Cambodia, though less so than in Vietnam and Laos. The nation boasts a French-language newspaper, "Cambodge Nouveau" (and had another, "Cambodge Soir", until 2010), as well as French-language television channels. French language in Cambodia Cambodia is the smallest of the three Francophone communities in Southeast Asia, the others being found in Vietnam and Laos. Out of all Asian Francophone nations, Cambodia is where French has declined the

title: French language

text: is an official language of the Pacific Island nation of Vanuatu where 45% of the population can speak French. In the French special collectivity of New Caledonia, 97% of the population can speak, read and write French, whereas only 1% have no knowledge of French. In French Polynesia, 95% of the population can speak, read and write French, whereas only 1.5% have no knowledge of French. In the French collectivity of Wallis and Futuna, 78% of the population can speak, read and write French, whereas 17% have no knowledge of French. French is a Romance language (meaning that it is

title: Who Were the Early Israelites and Where Did They Come from?

text: Who Were the Early Israelites and Where Did They Come from? Who Were the Early Israelites and Where Did They Come From? is a book by American biblical scholar and archaeologist William G. Dever. Dever has been prominent in the debate between biblical "maximalists" and "minimalists" over the historicity of the Bible (specifically the Old Testament). This book, which coincided with Dever's retirement from the University of Arizona, where he served as professor of Near Eastern Archaeology and Anthropology for many years, was written on a semi-popular level to explain the background and origin of the people Dever describes as

title: French language

text: sole official language in the province of Quebec, being the mother tongue for some 7 million people, or almost 80% (2006 Census) of the province. About 95% of the people of Quebec speak French as either their first or second language, and for some as their third language. Quebec is also home to the city of Montreal, which is the world's 4th-largest French-speaking city, by number of first language speakers. New Brunswick and Manitoba are the only officially bilingual provinces, though full bilingualism is enacted only in New Brunswick, where about one third of the population is Francophone. French is

title: French language

text: one-fifth are able to speak French as a second language. French is the second most taught foreign language in the EU. French is also the 18th most natively spoken language in the world, 6th most spoken language by total number of speakers and the second most studied language worldwide (with about 120 million current learners). As a result of French and Belgian colonialism from the 16th century onward, French was introduced to new territories in the Americas, Africa and Asia. Most second-language speakers reside in Francophone Africa, in particular Gabon, Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia, Mauritius, Senegal and Ivory Coast. French is

title: French language in Canada

text: French language in Canada French is the mother tongue of about 7.2 million Canadians (20.6% of the Canadian population, second to English at 56%) according to Census Canada 2016. Most native speakers of the French language in Canada live in Quebec, where French is the majority official language. 77% of Quebec's population are native francophones, and 95% of the population speak French as their first or second language. Additionally, about one million native francophones live in other provinces, forming a sizable minority in New Brunswick, which is officially a bilingual province, where about one-third of the population are francophone. There

text: the "protoIsraelites." It followed an earlier book, "What Did the Biblical Writers Know and When Did They Know It?", in which Dever, contrary to the "minimalists", asserted that the writers of the Old Testament knew a good deal about the Israelites' past. Who Were the Early Israelites and Where Did They Come from? Who Were the Early Israelites and Where Did They Come From? is a book by American biblical scholar and archaeologist William G. Dever. Dever has been prominent in the debate between biblical "maximalists" and "minimalists" over the historicity of the Bible (specifically the Old Testament). This book,

title: French language in Cambodia

text: French language in Cambodia Cambodia is the smallest of the three Francophone communities in Southeast Asia, the others being found in Vietnam and Laos. Out of all Asian Francophone nations, Cambodia is where French has declined the most. In 2014, French was spoken by people as a foreign language, which is 3% of the country's population and by only 873 people as a mother tongue according to the country's 2008 census. The French language began its presence in Cambodia in the late 19th century after French explorers and merchants made their way from Vietnam into Cambodia. In 1863, Cambodia became

title: French language

text: for ceremonial events such as weddings, graduations and church masses. About 70–80% of the country's population have Haitian Creole as their first language; the rest speak French as a first language. The second official language is the recently standardized Haitian Creole, which virtually the entire population of Haiti speaks. Haitian Creole is one of the French-based creole languages, drawing the large majority of its vocabulary from French, with influences from West African languages, as well as several European languages. Haitian Creole is closely related to Louisiana Creole and the creole from the Lesser Antilles. French is the official language of

title: French language in Laos

text: ground and French soon became the primary language of government and education and the language spread into southern Laos following the founding of Pakse. The French language peaked between the 1910s and World War II and spread throughout the nation but, like Vietnam, was not widely spoken in most rural areas. French eventually became the language of government officials and the elite. When Japan invaded Laos in World War II, French remained in the educational system, unlike in Vietnam, where Vietnamese became the sole language of education, but the Lao language was briefly used in the government. French returned as

title: Where I Come From (Alan Jackson song)

text: verse comes a chorus where the narrator explains how the road life is different. Allmusic critic Thom Jurek described the song favorably in his review of the album, calling it a "redneck anthem" that "rocks a little harder with a ZZ Top-styled guitar". "Where I Come From" re-entered the chart as a single at number 58 on the U.S. "Billboard" Hot Country Singles & Tracks for the week of July 14, 2001. The song reached its peak position of number 1 on the "Billboard" country charts for the week of October 13. It held the position on October 20, then

title: Charter of the French Language

text: local indigenous language. The language of instruction from kindergarten to secondary school is French. (The instruction language is the language in which the classes are taught. Learning of English as a second language is mandatory for all children attending French school beginning in elementary school.) Articles 87, 88 and 89 provide for the use of Amerindic languages and Inuktitut as language of instruction. The rate of introduction of French and English as languages of instruction is left to school committees and parents' committees. At the request of parents, the following may receive instruction in English: The original 1977 Charter provided

title: French language

text: Labrador, where the unique Newfoundland French dialect was historically spoken. Smaller pockets of French speakers exist in all other provinces. The city of Ottawa, the Canadian capital, is also effectively bilingual, as it is on the other side of a river from Quebec, opposite the major city of Gatineau, and is required to offer governmental services in French as well as English. French is one of Haiti's two official languages. It is the principal language of writing, school instruction, and administrative use. It is spoken by all educated Haitians and is used in the business sector. It is also used

title: French language

text: ignored) and legal contracts; advertisements must bear a translation of foreign words. In Belgium, French is the official language of Wallonia (excluding a part of the East Cantons, which are German-speaking) and one of the two official languages—along with Dutch—of the Brussels-Capital Region, where it is spoken by the majority of the population often as their primary language. French is one of the four official languages of Switzerland (along with German, Italian, and Romansh) and is spoken in the western part of Switzerland, called Romandy, of which Geneva is the largest city. The language divisions in Switzerland do not coincide

title: French language in Morocco

text: second language. Most Moroccans who are bilingual in French and Arabic live in urban areas where they have strong contact with the French language and where there are high literacy rates. Many Moroccans learn French to conduct business with French tourists; gain access to information, science, and technology; and to attend French-speaking educational facilities. Ennaji said that Moroccans learn French for educational, pragmatic, and sociocultural reasons. Ennaji said "The degree of mastery of French depends on the bilingual's level of education and socio-economic background, for the higher the level of education and the wealthier the family background, the bigger the

title: French language

text: second language in the German "land" of Saarland, with French being taught from pre-school and over 43% of citizens being able to speak French. The majority of the world's French-speaking population lives in Africa. According to the 2007 report by the Organisation Internationale de la Francophonie, an estimated 115 million African people spread across 31 Francophone countries can speak French as either a first or a second language. This number does not include the people living in non-Francophone African countries who have learned French as a foreign language. Due to the rise of French in Africa, the total French-speaking population

title: French language in Canada

text: selected according to minority population criteria. The provincial government of Ontario's website is bilingual. Residents of Ottawa, Toronto, Windsor, Sudbury and Timmins can receive services from their municipal government in the official language of their choice. There are also several French-speaking communities on military bases in Ontario, such as the one at CFB Trenton. These communities have been founded by francophone Canadians in the Canadian Forces who live together in military residences. The term Franco-Ontarian accepts two interpretations. According to the first one, it includes all French speakers of Ontario, wherever they come from. According to second one, it includes

title: French language

text: order to kill the Breton language" were instructions given from a French official to teachers in the French "department" of Finistère (western Brittany). The prefect of Basses-Pyrénées in the French Basque Country wrote in 1846: "Our schools in the Basque Country are particularly meant to substitute the Basque language with French...". Students were taught that their ancestral languages were inferior and they should be ashamed of them; this process was known in the Occitan-speaking region as Vergonha. Among the historic reformers of the French language, such as Louis Maigret, Marle M., Marcelin Berthelot, Philibert Monet, Jacques Peletier du Mans, and

title: Charter of the French Language

text: mission, powers, and organization. Title IV establishes the Conseil supérieur de la langue française (Superior Council of the French language). Title V and VI define penal provisions and sanctions and transitional and miscellaneous provisions. To achieve the goal of making French the "normal and everyday language of work, instruction, communication, commerce and business" and ensure the respect of French Quebecers' language rights, the Charter contains a number of key provisions and various regulations. In the first article of the Charter, French is declared the official language of Quebec. The French language was previously declared the sole official language of Quebec

title: French Sign Language family

text: French Sign Language family The French Sign Language (LSF) or Francosign family is a language family of sign languages which includes French Sign Language and American Sign Language. The FSL family descends from Old French Sign Language, which developed among the deaf community in Paris. The earliest mention of Old French Sign Language is by the abbé Charles-Michel de l'Épée in the late 17th century, but it could have existed for centuries prior. Several European sign languages, such as Russian Sign Language, derive from it, as does American Sign Language, established when French educator Laurent Clerc taught his language at

text: boastful." Ben Foster of "Country Universe" gave the song a C, writing that "by relying so heavily on overused formulas, it’s like they're running around in circles in terms of creativity." "Where I Come From" debuted at number 59 on the U.S. "Billboard" Hot Country Songs chart for the week of July 30, 2011. In March 2012, it became Montgomery Gentry's first Top 10 hit since 2009's "One in Every Crowd," and ultimately peaked at No. 8. The single was certified Gold by the RIAA on January 8, 2016. It has sold 484,000 copies in the United States as of

title: French Sign Language family

text: than French Sign Language that gave rise to Belgian Sign Language. Chilean Sign Language (1852) has also been included in the French family but is not listed by Wittmann. Anderson (1979) had previously postulated the following classification of FSL and its relatives, with derivation from Medieval monks' sign systems, though some lineages are apparently traced by their manual alphabets and thus irrelevant for actual classification: French Sign Language family The French Sign Language (LSF) or Francosign family is a language family of sign languages which includes French Sign Language and American Sign Language. The FSL family descends from Old French

title: French language in the United States

text: the nation via immigration from Francophone regions. Today, French is the second most spoken language (after English) in the states of Maine and Vermont, and the third most spoken (after English and Spanish) in the states of Louisiana, Connecticut, Rhode Island, and New Hampshire. As a second language, French is the second most widely taught foreign language in American schools, colleges and universities. While the overwhelming majority of Americans of French ancestry grew up speaking only English, some enroll their children in French heritage language classes. A total of 10,804,304 people claimed French ancestry in the 2010 census although other

title: Charter of the French Language

text: errors made "both in good faith and bad faith" in the media. As part of the effort to correct the errors of perception, the OQLF conducted an inquiry on the influence of Quebec's language policy abroad in countries where the fragility of certain languages prompted the use of legislative measures. It requested and published the opinions of various experts from Spain, Israel, the United States, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, Wales, Australia and Flanders in a special issue of the OQLF's "Revue d'aménagement linguistique" celebrating the 25th anniversary of Quebec's Charter of the French language in 2002. Jonas Žilinskas, lecturer at

text: stand onstage and sing this song every night, and people are going to believe them because it’s where they come from, too." It is in the key of B-flat minor with a main chord pattern of Bm-G-D-A. Billy Dukes of "Taste of Country" gave the song three stars out of five, saying that it "is better than anything Montgomery Gentry have released in two years, but they're getting by on memories." Bobby Peacock of "Roughstock" gave the song four stars out of five, calling the production "a little more muscular and gritty than usual" and the lyrics "proud without being

title: French Sign Language

text: words while signing. French Sign Language French Sign Language (, LSF) is the sign language of the deaf in France and French-speaking parts of Switzerland. According to "Ethnologue", it has 100,000 native signers. French Sign Language is related and partially ancestral to Dutch Sign Language (NGT), German Sign Language (DGS), Flemish Sign Language (VGT), Belgian-French Sign Language (LSFB), Irish Sign Language (ISL), American Sign Language (ASL), Quebec (also known as French Canadian) Sign Language (LSQ), and Russian Sign Language (RSL). French Sign Language is frequently, though mistakenly, attributed to the work of Charles Michel de l'Épée (l'abbé de l'Épée). In

title: French Sign Language

text: French Sign Language French Sign Language (, LSF) is the sign language of the deaf in France and French-speaking parts of Switzerland. According to "Ethnologue", it has 100,000 native signers. French Sign Language is related and partially ancestral to Dutch Sign Language (NGT), German Sign Language (DGS), Flemish Sign Language (VGT), Belgian-French Sign Language (LSFB), Irish Sign Language (ISL), American Sign Language (ASL), Quebec (also known as French Canadian) Sign Language (LSQ), and Russian Sign Language (RSL). French Sign Language is frequently, though mistakenly, attributed to the work of Charles Michel de l'Épée (l'abbé de l'Épée). In fact, he is

title: French language in the United States

text: and Acadians also tend to visit Louisiana, as Quebec and New Brunswick share a number of cultural ties with Louisiana. French has traditionally been the foreign language of choice for English-speakers across the globe. However, since 1968, French has ranked as the second-most-studied foreign language in the United States, behind Spanish. Some 1.2 million students from the elementary grades through high school were enrolled in French language courses in 2007-2008, or 14% of all students enrolled in foreign languages. Many American universities offer French-language courses, and degree programs in the language are common. In the fall of 2013, 197,757 American

text: Fine Arts in Boston, Massachusetts, US. Gauguin had been a student at the Petit Séminaire de La Chapelle-Saint-Mesmin, just outside Orléans, from the age of eleven to the age of sixteen. His subjects there included a class in Catholic liturgy; the teacher for this class was the Bishop of Orléans, Félix-Antoine-Philibert Dupanloup. Dupanloup had devised his own catechism to be lodged in the minds of the young schoolboys, and to lead them towards proper spiritual reflections on the nature of life. The three fundamental questions in this catechism were: "Where does humanity come from?" "Where is it going to?", "How

title: French language in the United States

text: the form of French spoken in the early days of settlement in the lower Mississippi River valley, and was once the language of the educated land-owning classes. Cajun French, derived from Acadian French, is said to have been introduced with the arrival of Acadian exiles in the 18th century. The Acadians, the francophone inhabitants of Acadia (modern Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island, and northern Maine), were expelled from their homeland between 1755 and 1763 by the British. Many Acadians settled in lower Louisiana, where they became known as Cajuns (a corruption of "Acadians"). Their dialect was regarded as

title: French language

text: noted that French is spreading in areas where the population is rapidly increasing, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. Although there are many French regional accents, foreign learners normally use only one variety of the language. French pronunciation follows strict rules based on spelling, but French spelling is often based more on history than phonology. The rules for pronunciation vary between dialects, but the standard rules are: French is written with the 26 letters of the basic Latin script, with four diacritics appearing on vowels (circumflex accent, acute accent, grave accent, diaeresis) and the cedilla appearing in "ç". There are two ligatures,

title: The Universality of the French Language

text: appreciate these poets judged as rustic and popular. Rivarol discredited both Milton and his poems. Conversely, poets at Charles II’s court received complements from the French writer. Concerning the origins of the English language, Rivarol considered them obscure. Following the conquest of William the Conqueror, the duke of Normandy, Anglo-Saxon was assimilated to French. Both French pronunciation and the syntax had been distorted “like obelisks and statues which fell into hands of the Barbarians”. The last and the most important part of Rivarol’s essay was devoted to the French language. Indeed, he would not cease to praise it until the

title: French language

text: reduced and the remaining vowels and consonants underwent significant modifications. More recently the linguistic policy of the French language academies of France and Quebec has been to provide French equivalents to (mainly English) imported words, either by using existing vocabulary, extending its meaning or deriving a new word according to French morphological rules. The result is often two (or more) co-existing terms for describing the same phenomenon. It is estimated that 12% (4,200) of common French words found in a typical dictionary such as the "Petit Larousse" or "Micro-Robert Plus" (35,000 words) are of foreign origin (where Greek and Latin

title: French Sign Language family

text: the American School for the Deaf. Others, such as Spanish Sign Language, are thought to be related to French Sign Language even if they are not directly descendant from it. Henri Wittmann (1991) lists the following suspected members of the family, with date of establishment or earliest attestation: French Sign Language (1752; may be different from Old French Sign Language) and, perhaps, Wittnann believes Lyons Sign Language, Spanish Sign Language, Brazilian Sign Language, and Venezuelan Sign Language, which are sometimes counted in the French family, had separate origins, though with some contact through stimulus diffusion, and it was Lyons rather

title: Charter of the French Language

text: Title I, pertaining to the status of the French language, declare French the sole official (chapter I), define the fundamental language rights of persons (chapter II), and defines the status of French in the parliament and the courts (chapter III), the civil administration (chapter IV), the semipublic agencies (chapter V), labour relations (VI), commerce and business (VII), and language of instruction (VIII). The five chapters of Title II, pertain to linguistic officialization, toponymy, and the francization of the civil service and enterprises. Title III establishes the Office québécois de la langue française (Quebec Office of the French language), defines its

title: French language

text: of Lebanon's Constitution states that "Arabic is the official national language. A law determines the cases in which the French language is to be used". French language in Lebanon is widely used as a second language by the Lebanese people, and is taught in many schools as a secondary language along with Arabic and English. The language is also used on Lebanese pound bank notes, on road signs, on Lebanese license plates, and on official buildings (alongside Arabic). Today, French and English are secondary languages of Lebanon, with about 40% of the population being Francophone and 40% Anglophone. The use

title: Old French Sign Language

text: méthodiques""), which borrowed signs from Old French Sign Language and combined them with an idiosyncratic morphemic structure which he derived from the French language. The term "Old French Sign Language" has occasionally been used to describe Épée's "systematised signs", and he has often been (erroneously) cited as the inventor of sign language. Épée, however, influenced the language of the deaf community, and modern French Sign Language can be said to have emerged in the schools that Épée established. As deaf schools inspired by Épée's model sprung up around the world, the language was to influence the development of many other

title: French Language Services Act

text: and municipal agencies may develop their own policies regarding French language services. For instance, Ontario public libraries within FLSA designated areas are not bound by the "Act", however the "Ontario Libraries Act"s section 20 (b) states that public library boards "shall seek to provide library services in the French language, where appropriate". The "Act" also does not legislate any responsibilities upon individual municipalities to provide French language services, although a municipality may choose to do so of its own accord. The "Act" was introduced in 1986 by Bernard Grandmaître, Minister of Francophone Affairs in the Liberal government of David Peterson,

title: Charter of the French Language

text: Charter of the French Language The Charter of the French Language (), also known as Bill 101 ("Law 101 or "), is a 1977 law in the province of Quebec in Canada defining French, the language of the majority of the population, as the official language of the provincial government. It is the central legislative piece in Quebec's language policy. Proposed by Camille Laurin, the Minister of Cultural Development under the first Parti Québécois government of Premier René Lévesque, it was passed by the National Assembly, and granted Royal Assent by Lieutenant Governor Hugues Lapointe on August 26, 1977. The

title: Charter of the French Language

text: collaboration. Charter of the French Language The Charter of the French Language (), also known as Bill 101 ("Law 101 or "), is a 1977 law in the province of Quebec in Canada defining French, the language of the majority of the population, as the official language of the provincial government. It is the central legislative piece in Quebec's language policy. Proposed by Camille Laurin, the Minister of Cultural Development under the first Parti Québécois government of Premier René Lévesque, it was passed by the National Assembly, and granted Royal Assent by Lieutenant Governor Hugues Lapointe on August 26, 1977.

title: Charter of the French Language

text: Quebec responded by re-enacting in French and in English the Charter of the French Language, leaving intact articles 7 through 13. In 1993, the Charter's provisions related to the language of the legislature and courts were made compliant with the Supreme Court's ruling. The government departments, agencies are designated by their French name alone, all administrative documents are drafted and published in the official language. All communications by the administration with other governments and legal persons, between departments and internally inside departments, are conducted in the official language. Knowledge of the official language appropriate to the office being applied for

title: French language

text: trade. Since the Fall of Saigon and the opening of a unified Vietnam's economy, French has gradually been effectively displaced as the main foreign language of choice by English. French nevertheless maintains its colonial legacy by being spoken as a second language by the elderly and elite populations and is presently being revived in higher education and continues to be a diplomatic language in Vietnam. All three countries are official members of the OIF. A former French mandate, Lebanon designates Arabic as the sole official language, while a special law regulates cases when French can be publicly used. Article 11

title: French language in the United States

text: French language in the United States The French language is spoken as a minority language in the United States. Roughly 2.07 million Americans over the age of five reported speaking the language at home in a federal 2010 estimate, making French the fourth most-spoken language in the nation behind English, Spanish, and Chinese (when Cajun, Haitian Creole and all other forms of French are included, and when Cantonese, Mandarin and other varieties of Chinese are similarly combined). Several varieties of French evolved in what is now the United States: More recently, French has also been carried to various parts of

title: Where Soldiers Come From

text: the best documentary editing award. In 2012, the film won a News & Documentary Emmy Award for Outstanding Continuing Coverage of a News Story (Long Form), as well as the Truer Than Fiction Independent Spirit Award. Motivated by a variety of reasons from college tuition support, to a sense of purpose, best friends Dominic and Cole join the Army National Guard after graduating from their rural high school. After persuading several of their friends to join them, the young men are sent to Afghanistan as part of the 107th Engineer Battalion, 168th Engineer Brigade, where they are tasked with searching

title: French language

text: descended primarily from Vulgar Latin) that evolved out of the Gallo-Romance dialects spoken in northern France. The language's early forms include Old French and Middle French. Due to Roman rule, Latin was gradually adopted by the inhabitants of Gaul, and as the language was learned by the common people it developed a distinct local character, with grammatical differences from Latin as spoken elsewhere, some of which being attested on graffiti. This local variety evolved into the Gallo-Romance tongues, which include French and its closest relatives, such as Arpitan. The Celtic Gaulish language is thought to have survived into the 6th

title: The Universality of the French Language

text: the painting of our ideas. Therefore, the choice of the French language was not only advisable but also necessary for Europe. As far as the future of French was concerned, the writer remained optimistic. According to him, the universality of French and the immortality of its literature would not hand their power to another language anytime soon. He finished his essay on notes that could appear somewhat naïve to the 21st century reader. Indeed, Rivarol named France as the country that liberated America. French, in this case is depicted as the language of Peace. Numerous critics reproached Rivarol for partiality

title: Old French Sign Language

text: inhabitants in 1750), French Sign Language is a good candidate for one of the oldest sign languages in Europe. Old French Sign Language is not related to Old French, which was spoken from roughly 1000 to 1300. Old French Sign Language Old French Sign Language is the language of the deaf community in 18th-century Paris at the time of the establishment of the first deaf schools. The earliest records of the language are in the work of the Abbé de l'Épée, who stumbled across two sisters communicating in signs and, through them, became aware of a signing community of 200

title: French language

text: situation among the top ten remains unchanged." Knowledge of French is often considered to be a useful skill by business owners in the United Kingdom; a 2014 study found that 50% of British managers considered French to be a valuable asset for their business, thus ranking French as the most-sought after foreign language there, ahead of German (49%) and Spanish (44%). MIT economist Albert Saiz calculated a 2.3% premium for those who have French as a foreign language in the workplace. In English-speaking Canada, the United Kingdom, and the Republic of Ireland, French is the first foreign language taught and

title: Congress on the French language in Canada

text: Congress on the French language in Canada The Congress on the French Language in Canada (French: "Congrès de la langue française au Canada") was a scientific convention that met on three occasions, in 1912, 1937 and 1952, to discuss the situation of the French language in Canada (and generally in North America) and find solutions to ensure its survival. A fourth Congress entirely devoted to the refrancization of Quebec was held in 1957. The First Congress on the French Language in Canada ("Premier Congrès de la langue française au Canada") was held at Université Laval in Quebec City from June

title: Charter of the French Language

text: insisting that they be called , "despite the fact that "steak" is the far more common term among Francophones." The Conseil supérieur de la langue française (Superior Council of the French language) is an advisory council whose mission is "to advise the minister responsible for the application of the Charter of the French language on any question relative to the French language in Quebec". It works in close collaboration with equivalent bodies in France, Belgium and Switzerland. Language in Canada is defined federally by the Official Languages Act since 1969 and is part of the Constitution of Canada since 1982.

title: Charter of the French Language

text: the official language. An employer cannot dismiss, lay off, demote or transfer a staff member on the sole account of his being exclusively French-speaking or of possessing insufficient knowledge of a non-official language, or because that member demanded the respect of his right to work in French. As a job requirement, knowledge or a specific level of knowledge of a language other than French is prohibited, unless the nature of the duties require it. The "Commission des relations du travail" (Commission of Labour Relations) arbitrates in case of disagreement over the necessity of knowing a non-official language to perform a

title: French language in Vietnam

text: the Battle of Dien Bien Phu in 1954, the Viet Minh defeated the French and Vietnam gained its independence, though the nation was soon divided into a communist, Soviet-oriented north, and a free government in the south. Fearing persecution by the communist government, hundreds of thousands fled to the south, including French-educated and speaking elite. Despite the Vietnam War erupting shortly afterwards, French continued a healthy presence in South Vietnam, where it was an administrative and educational language. The sharpest decline of the French language in Vietnam was after the Fall of Saigon in 1975 as the communist government imposed

title: French language in Canada

text: the majority of Canadians. The federal government provides services and operates in both languages. French is the sole official language in Quebec at the provincial level and is co-official with English in New Brunswick. The provincial governments of Ontario, New Brunswick, and Manitoba are required to provide services in French where justified by the number of francophones (those whose mother tongue is French or who use French on a daily basis). However, the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms requires all provinces to provide primary and secondary education to their official-language minorities. In 1524, the Florentine navigator Giovanni da Verrazzano,

title: French language in Canada

text: are also French-speaking communities in Manitoba and Ontario, where francophones make up about 4 percent of the population, as well as significantly smaller communities in Alberta, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island and Saskatchewan – around 1–2%. Many, but not all of these communities are supported by French-language institutions. By the Official Languages Act in 1969, Canada recognized English and French as having equal status in the government of Canada. While French, with no specification as to dialect or variety, has the status of one of Canada's two official languages at the federal government level, English is the native language of

title: Charter of the French Language

text: with the adoption of the "Official Language Act" in 1974. Quebec is constitutionally obliged nonetheless to provide English services in the courts and the National Assembly of Quebec (see below). The fundamental French language rights in Quebec are: French is the declared language of the legislature and courts in Quebec. Section 133 of the "Constitution Act, 1867", still in effect, nonetheless requires that bills be printed, published, passed, and assented to in French and in English in Parliaments and the legislatures of Canada and of Quebec. French or English may be used by any person before the courts of Quebec.

title: French language

text: with political subdivisions, and some cantons have bilingual status: for example, cities such as Biel/Bienne and cantons such as Valais, Fribourg and Berne. French is the native language of about 23% of the Swiss population, and is spoken by 50.4% of the population. French is also an official language of Monaco and Luxembourg, as well as in the Aosta Valley region of Italy, while French dialects remain spoken by minorities on the Channel Islands. It is also spoken in Andorra and is main communication language after Catalan in El Pas de la Casa. The language is taught as the primary

title: French language

text: Stanley Meisler of the "Los Angeles Times" said that the fact that the Treaty of Versailles was written in English as well as French was the "first diplomatic blow" against the language. During the Grand Siècle (17th century), France, under the rule of powerful leaders such as Cardinal Richelieu and Louis XIV, enjoyed a period of prosperity and prominence among European nations. Richelieu established the Académie française to protect the French language. By the early 1800s, Parisian French had become the primary language of the aristocracy in France. Near the beginning of the 19th century, the French government began to

title: French language in Cambodia

text: language of Cambodia. Communities of returned refugees from France and Quebec as well as students who have studied in Francophone nations have also added to the French-speaking population of Cambodia. Cambodia has a large 'French Belt' running through some of its eastern provinces. Western Mondulkiri Province, central Kratié Province and eastern Tboung Khmum Province have a French language medium, often taking priority over the native Khmer language. Schools, offices and government institutions use the French language in this area, due to its colonial influence during the French Protectorate of Cambodia period of time. Cambodian French vocabulary has been influenced by

title: The Universality of the French Language

text: The Universality of the French Language On June 3, 1784, Antoine de Rivarol was awarded the Berlin Academy Prize for his essay The Universality of the French Language (). He began his discourse by tracing a brief history of the origins of French language. Indeed, he reminded that the Roman conquest and the invasion of the Franks in Gaul contributed to the emergence of a linguistic hierarchy, at the top of which stood Latin. However the contact between Latin and the idioms spoken by the “barbarian” population generated the vulgarisation of classical Latin, namely a multitude of patois dialects. The

title: French language

text: both French Guiana on the South American continent, and of Saint Pierre and Miquelon, an archipelago off the coast of Newfoundland in North America. French was the official language of the colony of French Indochina, comprising modern-day Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia. It continues to be an administrative language in Laos and Cambodia, although its influence has waned in recent years. In colonial Vietnam, the elites primarily spoke French, while many servants who worked in French households spoke a French pidgin known as "Tây Bồi" (now extinct). After French rule ended, South Vietnam continued to use French in administration, education, and

title: Charter of the French Language

text: Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau, who called Bourassa's Bill 22 as a "slap in the face", in his memoirs, as he saw it as contrary to the federal government's initiative to mandate bilingualism. Except for New Brunswick, most other provinces that accepted Trudeau's bilingualism initiative never fully implemented it. The most notable case was Ontario, where Premier Bill Davis did not grant full official status to the French language, despite the fact that the infrastructure was already in place. Political opposition to the Charter and earlier such language legislation has had limited success, given the support of the laws by the