query: which countries does south africa export to?

title: Economy of Africa

text: Africa are South Africa, Libya, Namibia, Egypt, Tunisia, and Zimbabwe, which each consume between 1000 and 5000 KWh/m per person, in contrast with African states such as Ethiopia, Eritrea, and Tanzania, where electricity consumption per person is negligible. Petroleum and petroleum products are the main export of 14 African countries. Petroleum and petroleum products accounted for a 46.6% share of Africa's total exports in 2010; the second largest export of Africa as a whole is natural gas, in its gaseous state and as liquified natural gas, accounting for a 6.3% share of Africa's exports. Lack of infrastructure creates barriers for

title: Military history of South Africa

text: its alliance with UNITA and took the opportunity to bolster that movement with training and captured PLAN weaponry. The Battle of Cuito Cuanavale proved to be a major turning point for both conflicts, as it resulted in the Angolan Tripartite Accord, in which Cuba pledged to withdraw its troops from Angola while South Africa withdrew from South-West Africa. South-West Africa received independence as the Republic of Namibia in 1990. South Africa has produced a variety of significant weapons, vehicles and planes for its own uses as well as for international export. Some have been established weapons produced under license and

title: First National Bank (South Africa)

text: part, in Botswana, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, Zambia, Ghana, India, Lesotho and Guernsey. FNB is also actively pursuing expansion plans in Angola and Nigeria Media reports in May 2012, indicated that the bank is also making plans to expand into Kenya, Rwanda and Uganda. According to its website, FNB is the oldest bank in South Africa. It traces its origins back to the "Eastern triocrees Province Bank", which was formed in Grahamstown in 1838. At that time the bank financed the wool export boom in the district. By 1874, the bank had four branches - at Grahamstown, Middelburg,

title: Mineral industry of Africa

text: earnings in Ghana, South Africa, and Tanzania. Diamond was a significant source of export earnings in the Central African Republic and South Africa, as was uranium in Niger. Africa's natural gas exporters included Algeria, which had 72% of the continent's natural gas exports, Nigeria, 13%, Egypt, 9%, and Libya, 6%. Europe received 91% of African total natural gas exports and was the destination of 95% of Africa's natural gas exports by pipeline and 88% of Africa's liquefied natural gas (LNG) exports. The United States received 11% of Africa's LNG exports, and countries of the Asia and the Pacific region, 1%.

title: Angola–South Africa relations

text: Visit and was seen by experts as very important to the strengthening of relations between the two countries. In 2016, trade between Angola and South Africa was worth US$1.83 billion. South African exports to Angola amounted to US$562.9 million and Angolan exports to South Africa amounted to US$1.27 billion. Angola–South Africa relations Angola–South Africa relations refer to the current and historical relationship between Angola and South Africa. Relations in the post-apartheid era are quite strong as the ruling parties in both states, the African National Congress in South Africa and the MPLA in Angola, fought together during the Angolan Civil

title: South Africa

text: in the top ten countries in the world for income inequality, measured by the Gini coefficient. Unlike most of the world's poor countries, South Africa does not have a thriving informal economy. Only 15% of South African jobs are in the informal sector, compared with around half in Brazil and India and nearly three-quarters in Indonesia. The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) attributes this difference to South Africa's widespread welfare system. World Bank research shows that South Africa has one of the widest gaps between per capita GDP versus its Human Development Index (HDI) ranking, with only Botswana

title: Immigration to South Africa

text: by Statistics South Africa to South Africa based on race. Negative numbers represent net migration from South Africa to other countries. Immigrants by country of origin in 2017 according to the UN Foreign immigrants coming to South Africa can choose between a variety of visas and permits depending on their reason for visiting South Africa, as well as the time they would like to spend in South Africa. Immigrants can choose between temporary residence visas and permanent residence permits. In many cases however the person concerned would have to apply and be holding a temporary residence visa for a number

title: Heritage objects (South Africa)

text: objects. Heritage objects (South Africa) Heritage objects in South Africa are objects or collections formally declared as such by the South African Heritage Resource Agency in order to control their export. Declaration does not restrict the sale or ownership of the objects. Archeological and paleontological material and meteorites are exempt from declaration as such objects may not be bought, sold or owned. With the comining into effect of the National Heritage Resources Act on 1 April 2000, all moveable objects previously declared as national monuments became heritage objects. At provincial level only Amafa aKwaZulu-Natali has powers to protect and manage

title: Heritage objects (South Africa)

text: Heritage objects (South Africa) Heritage objects in South Africa are objects or collections formally declared as such by the South African Heritage Resource Agency in order to control their export. Declaration does not restrict the sale or ownership of the objects. Archeological and paleontological material and meteorites are exempt from declaration as such objects may not be bought, sold or owned. With the comining into effect of the National Heritage Resources Act on 1 April 2000, all moveable objects previously declared as national monuments became heritage objects. At provincial level only Amafa aKwaZulu-Natali has powers to protect and manage heritage

title: Singapore–South Africa relations

text: in Sub-Saharan Africa. In 2011, the total trade value between Singapore and South Africa was worth S$2.54 billion (or R16 billion). In 2012, the export value from Singapore to South Africa was worth US$1.31 billion, The export value from South Africa to Singapore was worth US$950 million. Singapore exports were mainly communication equipment, electrical machines, office and data machines, manufactured articles, general industrial machines, plastics, crude rubber, textiles, coffee, and spices to South Africa. During the same period, South Africa exported mainly organic chemicals, petroleum and its products, iron and steel, non-ferrous metals, metal manufactures, vegetables, inorganic chemicals, metallic ores,

title: KFC in South Africa

text: KFC in South Africa KFC is the largest fast food chain in South Africa. As of 2016, there are 828 KFC outlets in South Africa, and the company dominates the fast food market. 10 percent of outlets are company owned, and 90 percent are franchise owned. Outlets sell the regional pap dish. South Africa is one of the few countries where KFC does not sell PepsiCo owned soft drinks, due to the company's historically small presence in the country. All of the chicken sold is reared in South Africa. KFC first entered the South African market in 1971. The company

title: South African Chamber for Agricultural Development in Africa

text: in their countries. The organization has been criticized by Michel Chossudovsky because of practices which, he says, destroy small farmers in the lands where SACADA works. South African Chamber for Agricultural Development in Africa The South African Chamber for Agricultural Development in Africa (SACADA) is a South African non-governmental organisation founded in 1995 with the support of President Nelson Mandela to stimulate the regional economy. One of the main tasks of SACADA was to improve export-oriented plantations. In 1996 it started to settle many farmers in Mozambique creating a joint venture called "SMD" with the Mozambicans. According to the president

title: Australia–South Africa relations

text: provides around A$10 million (approximately R93 million) in development assistance to South Africa each year. South Africa is Australia's 21st largest merchandise trading partner and 16th most significant merchandise export market. In 2007, two-way merchandise trade was valued at A$3.88 billion. Australian exports to South Africa were A$2.53 billion (mainly medicaments, meat and civil engineering equipment), and Australian imports from South Africa were A$1.35 billion, notably passenger motor vehicles (mainly BMW 3 Series vehicles) worth A$663 million, as well as pig iron and motor vehicle parts. Australia is the sixth largest export destination for South African goods. The majority of

title: Foreign trade of South Africa

text: Nations Security Council, adopted resolution 282 imposing a voluntary arms embargo upon South Africa, and which was extended by subsequent resolutions 418 and 591, declaring the embargo mandatory. In 1978, South Africa was prohibited loans from the Export-Import Bank of the United States which was later followed by a prohibition on IMF loans in 1983. An oil embargo was imposed by OPEC in 1983 which was strengthened by Iran in 1979. South Africa's main export trading partners are the European Union, the United States, Japan. China's share in exports is increasing, and has risen from 1.7% in 1994 to nearly

title: Women in South Africa

text: Types of contraceptives used by South African women are racially stratified with South African women of color predominantly utilizing contraceptive injections. South Africa is also one of the few countries in Africa to have a liberal abortion law: under the "Choice on Termination of Pregnancy Act, 1996", abortion is allowed on request during the first trimester of pregnancy, and in special circumstances at later stages. However, this does not mean that it is easy to get an abortion in South Africa, as not all health care facilities are equally nor adequately equipped to meet the demands for abortion services. As

title: Illegal immigration to South Africa

text: Africa, and the organisation's 2015 estimate places the number of undocumented migrants between 500,000 and one million undocumented migrants. A large number of Zimbabweans have fled to South Africa as a result of instability in Zimbabwe, with many living as undocumented migrants in South Africa. Sociologist Alice Bloch notes that migrants in South Africa have been the victims of xenophobia and violence, regardless of their immigration status. Refugees from poorer neighbouring countries include many immigrants from the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Malawi and others, representing a large portion of the informal sector. With high unemployment levels amongst

title: Copyright law of South Africa

text: and programme-carrying signals, which must have been broadcast or transmitted, respectively). "Originality" requires the work to have been produced by the exercise of skill and effort by the author(s). As in all Berne Convention countries, copyright is automatic and does not require registration. The Copyright Act automatically protects works created by South Africans or in South Africa. It also permits the Minister of Trade and Industry to extend the same protection to works created in, or by residents of, other countries; such protection has been extended to all Berne Convention countries. For literary, musical and artistic works, except for photographs,

title: Illegal immigration to South Africa

text: poorer South Africans, xenophobia is prevalent and many South Africans feel resentful of immigrants who are seen to be depriving the native population of jobs, a feeling which has been given credibility by the fact that many South African employers have employed migrants from other countries for lower pay than South African citizens, especially in the construction, tourism, agriculture and domestic service industries. Illegal immigrants are also heavily involved in informal trading. However, many immigrants to South Africa continue to live in poor conditions, and the South African immigration policy has become increasingly restrictive since 1994. Illegal immigration to South

text: South African Chamber for Agricultural Development in Africa The South African Chamber for Agricultural Development in Africa (SACADA) is a South African non-governmental organisation founded in 1995 with the support of President Nelson Mandela to stimulate the regional economy. One of the main tasks of SACADA was to improve export-oriented plantations. In 1996 it started to settle many farmers in Mozambique creating a joint venture called "SMD" with the Mozambicans. According to the president of the organization, Dries Bruwer, the successes of the project in Mozambique has resulted in twenty other African countries asking SACADA to carry on similar programs

title: Scouts South Africa

text: allowing them to become a Patrol Leader. Scouts South Africa plays an active role in the Southern Africa Zone, which consists of all the WOSM member Scout Associations in the Southern Africa region. The Africa Scout Region has a satellite office in Cape Town at the Scouts South Africa headquarters. A number of European Scout Associations are also involved in North-South partnerships with Scouts in developing countries, including several active programmes in South Africa. Members of the Boy Scouts of America living in South Africa may become Lone Scouts linked to the Direct Service branch of the BSA. The "Join-In

title: Ultra South Africa

text: Ultra South Africa Ultra South Africa is an outdoor electronic music festival that is a part of Ultra Music Festival's worldwide expansion which has now spread to twenty countries. Ultra South Africa debuted in February 2014 and took place at two locations—the Nasrec Expo Center in Johannesburg and the Ostrich Farm in Cape Town. Ultra South Africa is strictly an event for those that are the age of eighteen and over. The fifth anniversary of Ultra South Africa took place 9–10 February 2018 in Johannesburg and Cape Town. The sixth edition of Ultra South Africa will be held on 1-2

title: Fauna of South Africa

text: Fauna of South Africa The fauna of South Africa is varied, but largely typical of the ecosystems of Africa. South Africa is ranked sixth out of the world’s seventeen megadiverse countries. Many endemic species are unique to South Africa and are found nowhere else in the world. South Africa is among the world leaders in conservation, though there are several significant conservation challenges which South Africa needs to resolve. The topography and geology of South Africa is extremely varied, resulting in a wide variety of habitats. Due to this, South Africa enjoys high biodiversity, and is ranked sixth out of

title: Singapore–South Africa relations

text: Singapore–South Africa relations The Republic of Singapore and the Republic of South Africa are independent countries which have achieved independence from Great Britain and maintained friendly bilateral relations. The connections between the two countries are mainly based on their membership in the Commonwealth of Nations, and their interactions in trade and tourism. Both countries cooperate in social and economic development issues. Singapore has a High Commission in Pretoria while South Africa has a High Commission in Singapore. On August 9, 1965, Singapore was expelled from Malaysia and became an independent state. However, due to the apartheid policy, it did not

title: Ultra South Africa

text: at the Expo Centre at Nasrec welcomed a record-breaking 32,000 Ultranauts through the gates on Saturday, February 10, for what was the biggest and most successful ULTRA South Africa in Joburg to date. On 16 August 2018, Ultra South Africa announced the dates for its sixth edition and that the Cape Town leg will return to the Ostrich Ranch. Ultra South Africa Ultra South Africa is an outdoor electronic music festival that is a part of Ultra Music Festival's worldwide expansion which has now spread to twenty countries. Ultra South Africa debuted in February 2014 and took place at two

title: Canada–South Africa relations

text: Canada–South Africa relations Canada–South Africa relations are the bilateral relations between the countries of Canada and South Africa. Both countries are former British colonies and share similar cultures in terms of sports and language. Both countries are members of the Commonwealth of Nations. It is estimated that as of 2006 around 38,310 South Africans resided in Canada. Canada's relationship with South Africa can be traced back to 1899, when Canada sent more than 7,000 troops to support Britain in its war against Transvaal and the Free State. The two countries collaborated closely in transforming the British Empire into the Commonwealth,

title: South Africa

text: South Africa South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa (RSA), is the southernmost country in Africa. It is bounded to the south by of coastline of Southern Africa stretching along the South Atlantic and Indian Oceans; to the north by the neighbouring countries of Namibia, Botswana, and Zimbabwe; and to the east and northeast by Mozambique and Eswatini (Swaziland); and it surrounds the enclaved country of Lesotho. South Africa is the largest country in Southern Africa and the 25th-largest country in the world by land area and, with over 57 million people, is the world's 24th-most populous nation. It

title: South Africa–Taiwan relations

text: South Africa–Taiwan relations South Africa–Taiwan relations refers to the current and historical relationship between Taiwan and the Republic of South Africa. Taiwan and South Africa established diplomatic ties in 1949. The ties lasted and grew throughout the apartheid-era in South Africa and officially ended in January 1998 when South African President Nelson Mandela recognized the People's Republic of China. Despite the ending of diplomatic relations, Taiwan and South Africa continue to maintain trade relations. In the absence of formal diplomatic relations, the two countries now have "Liaison Offices", which serve as "de facto" embassies. South Africa is now represented in

title: South Africa

text: new health minister and committed his government to increasing funding for and widening the scope of HIV treatment, and by 2015, South Africa had made significant progress, with the widespread availability of antiretroviral drugs resulted in an increase in life expectancy from 52.1 years to 62.5 years. South Africa South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa (RSA), is the southernmost country in Africa. It is bounded to the south by of coastline of Southern Africa stretching along the South Atlantic and Indian Oceans; to the north by the neighbouring countries of Namibia, Botswana, and Zimbabwe; and to the east

title: Pentecostalism in South Africa

text: God teach of integrity, prophecy, empowering members and leaders to operate within biblical standards, and are contemporary yet remain faithful to their Pentecostal origins. The Universal Church of the Kingdom of God(UCKG) was established in 1977 in Brazil and began spreading to Africa in the 1990s. The UCKG, led by Edir Macedo, sent missionaries to most countries within Africa, as well as many outside. The first bishop to be sent to South Africa, Marcelo Crivella, which was near the end of apartheid, preached of equality between the whites and blacks. South Africa is among the few countries in Africa where

title: Poland–South Africa relations

text: been many potential to develop relations between two states, as trade between two countries continue to expand. Nelson Mandela, a historical figure of South Africa, is highly admired in Poland. Poland–South Africa relations Polish–South African relations are the bilateral relations between Poland and South Africa. Poland maintains an embassy in Pretoria whilst South Africa maintains an embassy in Warsaw. Relationship between two nations is highly valued as both Poland and South Africa are democratic nations and have emerging economies in respective continents, which South Africa is a strong partner for Poland in Africa. There has been calling for advocating stronger

title: Malawi–South Africa relations

text: local South Africans. Malawi–South Africa relations Malawian-South African relations refers to the bilateral relationship between Malawi and South Africa. South Africa's first formal relationship with an independent African country was established with Malawi, beginning in 1967. The colonial structures were set up in a way that Malawi exported labour to South African mines prior to 1964. The colonial structures of Malawian labour export to South African mines continued after Malawi achieved independence in 1964. Led by the then dictator Hastings Banda, Malawi was the only African ruled country to maintain close relations with White-ruled South Africa until the 1994 election

title: Ecotourism in South Africa

text: economies. South Africa is the seventh most biodiverse country in the world. The country encompasses about and has about 10% of all plant species on Earth. South Africa and seventeen other countries are considered mega diverse which means those countries contain 70% of the planet's biodiversity. South Africa's unique geography allows the country to support such a diverse population of plants and animals. It is important to protect biodiversity in South Africa because people still rely on natural resources for food and medicine. Plants and flowers are widely used as traditional forms of medicine and treatment for common ailments. The

title: Malawi–South Africa relations

text: Malawi–South Africa relations Malawian-South African relations refers to the bilateral relationship between Malawi and South Africa. South Africa's first formal relationship with an independent African country was established with Malawi, beginning in 1967. The colonial structures were set up in a way that Malawi exported labour to South African mines prior to 1964. The colonial structures of Malawian labour export to South African mines continued after Malawi achieved independence in 1964. Led by the then dictator Hastings Banda, Malawi was the only African ruled country to maintain close relations with White-ruled South Africa until the 1994 election of Nelson Mandela.

title: South Africa

text: in turn divided into 52 districts: 8 metropolitan and 44 district municipalities. The district municipalities are further subdivided into 226 local municipalities. The metropolitan municipalities, which govern the largest urban agglomerations, perform the functions of both district and local municipalities. South Africa has a mixed economy, the second largest in Africa after Nigeria. It also has a relatively high gross domestic product (GDP) per capita compared to other countries in sub-Saharan Africa (US$11,750 at purchasing power parity as of 2012). Despite this, South Africa is still burdened by a relatively high rate of poverty and unemployment, and is also ranked

title: Italy–South Africa relations

text: were held by the British in South Africa. In 2001, Italy ranked 6th in total trade and 10th in total investment in South Africa. Italy is a major producer and consumer of two of South Africa's largest exports, gold and coal. In regards to tourism, more than 37,000 Italians visited South Africa in 2001. In 2002, four direct flight existed between the countries with South African Airways due to open another. Italy–South Africa relations Italy–South Africa relations are foreign relations between the Italian Republic and the Republic of South Africa. Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1929. Italy has an

title: Crime in South Africa

text: means) per capita and first for rapes per capita in a data set of 60 countries. Total crime per capita was 10th out of the 60 countries in the dataset. The United Nations Interregional Crime and Justice Research Institute have conducted research on the victims of crime which shows the picture of South African crime as more typical of a developing country. Recently released statistics from the South African Police Service (SAPS) and Statistics South Africa (SSA) saw a slight decline of 1.4% in violent crimes committed in South Africa. Most emigrants from South Africa state that crime was a

title: Automotive industry in South Africa

text: the country exported fully assembled motor vehicles to 53 countries including many developed countries such as Japan, the United States, the United Kingdom, Australia and Germany, with many of the manufacturers based in South Africa now making it their main production base. In 2004, South Africa was responsible for the manufacture of 84% of all vehicles produced in Africa, 7 million of which are on the South African roads. Also in 2004, the industry made a 6.7% contribution to the GDP of South Africa and 29% of all South African manufacturers made up the country's automotive industry. 2004 also saw

title: Agriculture in South Africa

text: Africa's renowned wine industry, which dates back to the seventeenth-century vineyards introduced by French Huguenot immigrants. More than 100,000 hectares of land are planted in vineyards, centred primarily in the Western Cape. Smaller vineyards are also found in the Northern Cape, Free State, and Northern Province. One of the noticeable signs of the end of international sanctions against South Africa was a dramatic increase in worldwide demand for South African wines in 1994 and 1995. Sugarcane is also an important export crop, and South Africa is the world's tenth largest sugar producer. Sugarcane was first cultivated in mid-nineteenth-century Natal. Production

title: Corruption in South Africa

text: of corrupt activities in SA Lessons for South Africa's SOEs from other African countries Corruption in South Africa Corruption in South Africa includes the private use of public resources, bribery, and improper favoritism. The 2017 Transparency International Corruption Perceptions Index assigned South Africa an index of 43 out of 100, ranking South Africa 71 out of 180 countries. This ranking represents a downward direction change with a drop of two points down from 45 (2016 CPI). Countries with scores below 50 are believed to have a serious corruption problems. Recent scandals surfacing since 2016 involving former South African President Jacob

title: Nigeria–South Africa relations

text: It also made South Africa reluctant to engage in any confrontation with any other African states. Relations between the two countries were damaged in 2012 when 125 Nigerian travellers to South Africa were expelled due to not having valid Yellow Fever certificates. In retaliation Nigeria expelled 56 South African businesspeople. This prompted the two countries to enter into discussions around easing travel and visa restrictions between the two countries as a means of enhancing bilateral relations and trade. In November 2009, South Africa hosted the South Africa-Nigeria Bi-National Commission in Pretoria. At the conference, it was noted that Oando, an

title: Export-oriented industrialization

text: like Taiwan and South Korea, started focusing their development outward, resulting in an export-led growth strategy. Many of the Latin American countries continued with import substitution industrialization, just expanding its scope. Some have pointed out that because of the success of the Asian countries, especially Taiwan and South Korea, export-led growth should be considered the best strategy to promote development. Export-led growth is important for mainly two reasons: The first is that export-led growth improves the country's foreign-currency finances, as well as surpass their debts as long as the facilities and materials for the exports exist. The second, if more

title: South Africa

text: political affairs, including the strengthening of exchanges between their respective ruling parties and legislatures. In April 2011, South Africa formally joined the Brazil-Russia-India-China (BRICS) grouping of countries, identified by Zuma as the country's largest trading partners, and also the largest trading partners with Africa as a whole. Zuma asserted that BRICS member countries would also work with each other through the UN, the Group of Twenty (G20) and the India, Brazil South Africa (IBSA) forum. The South African National Defence Force (SANDF) was created in 1994, as an all-volunteer military composed of the former South African Defence Force, the forces

title: Canada–South Africa relations

text: transportation, food processing, hospitality, information and communication technologies, and instrumentation sectors with the largest focus of Canadian investment being in the mineral and mining sector. Canada–South Africa relations Canada–South Africa relations are the bilateral relations between the countries of Canada and South Africa. Both countries are former British colonies and share similar cultures in terms of sports and language. Both countries are members of the Commonwealth of Nations. It is estimated that as of 2006 around 38,310 South Africans resided in Canada. Canada's relationship with South Africa can be traced back to 1899, when Canada sent more than 7,000 troops

title: Ireland–South Africa relations

text: Ireland–South Africa relations There is a historical and current bilateral relationship between Ireland and South Africa. Both countries have established embassies in the territory of the other, in Dublin and Pretoria. Ireland's South African embassy also oversees matters in both the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Zimbabwe. President of South Africa Jacob Zuma said there exists a "special relationship" between the two countries. In 2006 South Africa was Ireland's "33rd most important trading partner" and in 2008 trade between the two countries was worth more than €500 million per annum according to RTÉ. Irish missionaries have been working in

title: Nigeria–South Africa relations

text: Chamber of Commerce serves to improve and facilitate bi-lateral trade relationships between Nigeria and South Africa. Its offices are in Lagos, Nigeria and it has in its membership 315 companies currently trading in both Nigeria and South Africa. It is made up of blue-chip companies, Nigerian companies and South African companies. Nigerian businesspeople have expressed concern over the pace and perceived rapid expansion of South African business interests in the country. Nigeria–South Africa relations Nigeria – South Africa relations refers to the current and historical relationship between Nigeria and South Africa. Both countries are former British colonies. Both countries are

title: Corruption in South Africa

text: Corruption in South Africa Corruption in South Africa includes the private use of public resources, bribery, and improper favoritism. The 2017 Transparency International Corruption Perceptions Index assigned South Africa an index of 43 out of 100, ranking South Africa 71 out of 180 countries. This ranking represents a downward direction change with a drop of two points down from 45 (2016 CPI). Countries with scores below 50 are believed to have a serious corruption problems. Recent scandals surfacing since 2016 involving former South African President Jacob Zuma have drawn attention to corruption in South Africa. Cyril Ramaphosa, the newly elected

title: South Africa

text: in 2006. South Africa is also a member of the Southern African Development Community (SADC), South Atlantic Peace and Cooperation Zone, Southern African Customs Union (SACU), Antarctic Treaty System (ATS), World Trade Organization (WTO), International Monetary Fund (IMF), G20, G8+5, and the Port Management Association of Eastern and Southern Africa. Former South African President Jacob Zuma and former Chinese President Hu Jintao upgraded bilateral ties between the two countries on 24 August 2010, when they signed the Beijing Agreement, which elevated South Africa's earlier "strategic partnership" with China to the higher level of "comprehensive strategic partnership" in both economic and

title: Pledge to Africa Act

text: Pledge to Africa Act The Jean Chrétien Pledge to Africa Act, full title An Act to amend the Patent Act and the Food and Drugs Act (The Jean Chrétien Pledge to Africa), (the "Act") a key piece of legislation implementing Canada's Access to Medicines Regime, was a bill introduced as C-9 in the third session of the 37th Canadian Parliament. It represented the first implementation of the TRIPS flexibilities declared in the August 30, 2003, General Council decision. Enacted in May 2004, it allows Canada to enact compulsory licenses to export essential medicines to countries without the capacity to manufacture

title: Economy of South Africa

text: the BRICS group of now-five emerging-market nations at the summit held in Sanya, Hainan, China. Economy of South Africa The economy of South Africa is the second largest in Africa, after Nigeria. It is one of most industrialized countries in Africa. South Africa is an upper-middle-income economy by the World Bank – one of only four such countries in Africa (alongside Botswana, Gabon and Mauritius). Since 1996, at the end of over twelve years of international sanctions, South Africa's Gross Domestic Product almost tripled to peak at $400 billion in 2011, but has since declined to roughly $295 billion in

title: Economy of South Africa

text: Economy of South Africa The economy of South Africa is the second largest in Africa, after Nigeria. It is one of most industrialized countries in Africa. South Africa is an upper-middle-income economy by the World Bank – one of only four such countries in Africa (alongside Botswana, Gabon and Mauritius). Since 1996, at the end of over twelve years of international sanctions, South Africa's Gross Domestic Product almost tripled to peak at $400 billion in 2011, but has since declined to roughly $295 billion in both 2016 and 2017. In the same period, foreign exchange reserves increased from $3 billion

title: Russia–South Africa relations

text: in Africa minimized and relations between the two slightly warmed as the Cold War was ending. Directly after the collapse of the Soviet Union, South Africa and the new Russian Federation established diplomatic relations. Russia–South Africa relations Russia–South Africa relations () are foreign relations between Russia and South Africa. Full diplomatic relations were established between both countries on February 28, 1992. Russian has an embassy in Pretoria and a consulate-general in Cape Town. South Africa has an embassy in Moscow. Both countries are also members of BRICS. In 1896, the Transvaal Republic established diplomatic relations with Russia. The Boar war

title: South Africa

text: to conclude that there is or could be a new climate of political repression, or a decline in political tolerance. In 2008, South Africa placed 5th out of 48 sub-Saharan African countries on the Ibrahim Index of African Governance. South Africa scored well in the categories of Rule of Law, Transparency & Corruption, and Participation & Human Rights, but was let down by its relatively poor performance in Safety & Security. In November 2006, South Africa became the first African country to legalise same-sex marriage. The Constitution of South Africa is the supreme rule of law in the country. The

title: Sony Channel (South Africa)

text: the premiere broadcaster of the reality series "The Amazing Race". The channel stops airing on 31 October on DStv alongside Sony MAX. The channel will remain on Black. Sony Channel (South Africa) Sony Channel South Africa (formerly known as Sony Entertainment Television South Africa) is a general entertainment channel that is part of the DStv bouquet of Sub-Saharan Africa satellite channels owned by MultiChoice. The Sony Channel is the local South African version and subsidiary of the Sony Entertainment Television brand, which is seen in over 100 countries worldwide. It was launched in South Africa on 2 November 2007 and

title: Sony Channel (South Africa)

text: Sony Channel (South Africa) Sony Channel South Africa (formerly known as Sony Entertainment Television South Africa) is a general entertainment channel that is part of the DStv bouquet of Sub-Saharan Africa satellite channels owned by MultiChoice. The Sony Channel is the local South African version and subsidiary of the Sony Entertainment Television brand, which is seen in over 100 countries worldwide. It was launched in South Africa on 2 November 2007 and is based in Johannesburg. The channel broadcasts a mix of programming including drama, comedy and reality series as well as commercial and independent movies. The channel is also

title: Religion in South Africa

text: Deepavali. The Bahá'í Faith in South Africa began with the holding of Bahá'í meetings in the country in 1911. A small population of Bahá'ís remained until 1950 when large numbers of international Bahá'í pioneers settled in South Africa. In 1956, after members of various tribes in South Africa became Bahá'ís, a regional Bahá'í Assembly which included South Africa was elected. Later each of the constituent countries successively formed their own independent Bahá'í National Spiritual Assembly. Then in 1995, after a prolonged period of growth and oppression during Apartheid and the homelands reuniting with South Africa, the Bahá'í National Spiritual Assembly

title: Nigeria–South Africa relations

text: Nigeria–South Africa relations Nigeria – South Africa relations refers to the current and historical relationship between Nigeria and South Africa. Both countries are former British colonies. Both countries are members of the Commonwealth of Nations and African Union. According to a 2013 BBC World Service Poll, 63% of Nigerians view South Africa's influence positively, with 24% expressing a negative view. During the apartheid era in South Africa, Nigeria was one of the foremost supporters of anti-apartheid movements, including the African National Congress; the Nigerian government issued more than 300 passports to South Africans seeking to travel abroad.<ref name="Love/Hate">The love/hate relationship

title: China–South Africa relations

text: 2010 trade between the two countries had increased to US$25.6 billion with imports from South Africa reaching US$14.8 billion. Cross country investment had grown to US$7 billion in the same year. Most South African exports to China in 2010 were primary products. Two-way trade between China and South Africa reached US$60.3 billion by 2014. In December 2010, South Africa was invited to join China in BRICS group of emerging economies. With the invitation, it was expected that South Africa would expand its trade relations with other BRIC countries, including China. Some see the BRICS relationship as potentially competing with South

title: Botswana–South Africa relations

text: President Ronald Reagan. In 1986, President Quett Masire of Botswana said that South Africa's black neighbours would suffer most if Western countries imposed economic sanctions on South Africa. He said "Obviously we can't prohibit the West from imposing sanctions on South Africa and we welcome every form of pressure on the apartheid regime." Relations between South Africa and Botswana were formalised with the establishment of representative offices in both countries in 1992. The upgrading of relations to full diplomatic level came into force on 22 June 1994. The two countries enjoyed good relations during the presidencies of Thabo Mbeki and

title: Malaysia–South Africa relations

text: Malaysia–South Africa relations Malaysia–South Africa relations (; Jawi: هوبوڠن افريك سلتن–مليسيا; ; ; ) refers to the current and historical relationship between Malaysia and South Africa. Malaysia has a high commission in Pretoria, and South Africa has a high commission in Kuala Lumpur. Relations between the two countries have been very good and have continued to improve, with each other view themselves as close partners in the developing world. Both are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations. The two countries relations was established on 8 November 1993. In March 1997, South African first President Nelson Mandela made a first

title: Argentina–South Africa relations

text: Argentina–South Africa relations Argentine-South African relations refers to the current and historical relationship between Argentina and South Africa. Diplomatic relations were first established on September 10, 1947 but were cut off in 1982 due to the Falklands War. Relations were cut again in 1985 by Argentine following the Non-Aligned Movement's policy of isolating the Apartheid government of South Africa. Full diplomatic relations between both countries were re-established in August 1991. Argentina has an embassy in Pretoria and South Africa has an embassy in Buenos Aires. Both countries are members of the Cairns Group. As of 2010, Argentina was South Africa's

title: Export Land Model

text: world standards, thus one of the premises of the export land model (that domestic consumption should not be affected by world market price) does not apply to those countries. Export Land Model The Export Land Model, or Export-Land Model, refers to work done by Dallas geologist Jeffrey Brown, building on the work of others, and discussed widely on The Oil Drum. It models the decline in oil exports that result when an exporting nation experiences both a peak in oil production and an increase in domestic oil consumption. In such cases, exports decline at a far faster rate than the

title: Economy of South Africa

text: to South Africa from foreign work assignments over a five-year period from 2008 to 2013. This was catalysed by the global financial crisis of 2007-8 and perceptions of higher quality of life in South Africa relative to the countries from which they first emigrated to. It is estimated that around 37% of those returning are professionals such as lawyers, doctors, engineers and accountants. Refugees from poorer neighbouring countries include many immigrants from the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Malawi and others, representing a large portion of the informal sector. With high unemployment levels amongst poorer South Africans, xenophobia

title: Scouts South Africa

text: formed in 1929. In 1930, the Imperial Scout Headquarters granted the complete independence of the Scout Movement in South Africa. Work started on yet another constitution which was finalised in 1936 at Bloemfontein during the visit of Baden-Powell. During 1937, the "Boy Scouts Association of South Africa" became a member of the International Scout Conference (now World Scout Conference) and was registered with the International Bureau (now World Scout Bureau) on 1 December 1937. South Africa was the first of the Commonwealth countries to achieve independence for its Scout Movement. The now independent association maintained the racial segregation with four

title: Healthcare in South Africa

text: in 2009) South Africa has been working to create a program to distribute anti-retroviral therapy treatment, which has generally been limited in poorer countries, including neighboring country Lesotho. An anti-retroviral drug aims to control the amount of virus in the patient’s body. In November 2003 the Operational Plan for Comprehensive HIV and AIDS Care, Management and Treatment for South Africa was approved, which was soon accompanied by a National Strategic Plan for 2007–2011. When South Africa freed itself of apartheid, the new health care policy has emphasised public health care, which is founded with primary health care. The National Strategic

title: Botswana–South Africa relations

text: the problems confronting their country". In November 2008, the Presidents of both countries agreed to work together to resolve the crisis in Zimbabwe following its presidential election. Botswana–South Africa relations Botswana–South Africa relations refers to the historical and current relationship of Botswana and South Africa. Botswana has a high commission in Pretoria and South Africa has a high commission in Gaborone. Both countries are former British colonies and members of the African Union, the Commonwealth of Nations and the Southern African Development Community (SADC). The foundation for this relationship dates back to the establishment of the Southern African Customs Union

title: Megadiverse countries

text: consisting of countries rich in biological diversity and associated traditional knowledge. This organisation does not include all the megadiverse countries as identified by Conservation International. In alphabetical order, the 17 megadiverse countries are: On 18 February 2002, the Ministers in charge of the Environment and the Delegates of Brazil, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, India, Indonesia, Kenya, Mexico, Peru, the Philippines, South Africa and Venezuela assembled in Cancún, Mexico. These countries declared to set up a Group of Like-Minded Megadiverse Countries as a mechanism for consultation and cooperation so that their interests and priorities, related to the preservation and sustainable use

title: Singapore–South Africa relations

text: establish diplomatic relations with South Africa until 1992, when the two countries signed agreements to do so. In 1994, South Africa joined the Commonwealth, resulting in the Embassies of both countries being renamed High Commissions and the Ambassadors becoming High Commissioners. On March 5, 1997, Nelson Mandela became the first President of South Africa to visit Singapore, where he met President Ong Teng Cheong and Senior Minister Lee Kuan Yew. In 2007, S.R. Nathan became the first President of Singapore to visit South Africa. In January 2013, International Enterprise Singapore set up a centre in Johannesburg, its first overseas centre

title: South Africa

text: Africa is a popular tourist destination, and a substantial amount of revenue comes from tourism. Principal international trading partners of South Africa—besides other African countries—include Germany, the United States, China, Japan, the United Kingdom and Spain. The South African agricultural industry contributes around 10% of formal employment, relatively low compared to other parts of Africa, as well as providing work for casual labourers and contributing around 2.6% of GDP for the nation. Due to the aridity of the land, only 13.5% can be used for crop production, and only 3% is considered high potential land. In August 2013, South Africa

title: Economy of South Africa

text: 169 countries in 2010. The report notes, however, that the region's assessment has improved slowly since 1980. The HDI includes a Human Poverty Index (HPI-1), which ranked South Africa 85 out of 135 countries. The number of South Africans living below the poverty line, identified according to Apartheid-era social categories, was calculated in one study as 56% "black", 27% "coloured", 9% "Indian", and 2% "white". In the past inequality in South Africa was largely defined along race lines, but it has become increasingly defined by inequality within population groups as the gap between rich and poor within each group has

title: Telkom (South Africa)

text: 3/West Africa Submarine Cable is a submarine communications cable linking Portugal and Spain to South Africa, with connections to several West African countries along the route. It forms part of the SAT-3/WASC/SAFE cable system, where the SAFE cable links South Africa to Asia. The South Africa Far East cable is an optical fiber submarine communications cable linking Melkbosstrand, South Africa to Penang, Malaysia. Telkom provides ADSL retail services via their ISP Telkom Internet to consumer and business customers, and through Telkom Wholesale to other licensed operators. Most ISPs in South Africa, such as Afrihost, utilise Telkom's copper infrastructure for resell

title: Telkom (South Africa)

text: consists of local copper loops, microwave and fiber optic loops, and wireless connections. The routing and billing system were almost completely digital by the mid 1980s, which made way for the currently used systems of ME, NG-SDH, ADSL, WiMAX d, ATM and others. The Eastern Africa Submarine Cable System (EASSy) is an initiative to connect countries of eastern Africa via a high bandwidth fibre optic cable system to the rest of the world. Seacom is a privately funded venture which built, owns, and operates a submarine fibre-optic cable connecting communication carriers in south and east Africa. SAT-3/WASC or South Atlantic

title: Canada–South Africa relations

text: defence and economic development. As of 2014/15 Canadian government assistance to South Africa focuses on four issues: In 2014 South African exports to Canada totaled US$1,104,140,558 whilst Canadian exports to South Africa totaled US$439,256,338 resulting in a trade surplus in South Africa's favour of US$664,884,220. Trade between the two countries totalled $1.8 billion in 2008. Both countries are members of the Cairns Group. South Africa is a major access point for Canada to access the African market. Canada is an important investor in the South African economy with Canadian companies having investments in a range of South African industries including

title: South Africa

text: Queen of South Africa, and the last Governor-General, Charles Robberts Swart, became State President. As a concession to the Westminster system, the presidency remained parliamentary-appointed and virtually powerless until P. W. Botha's Constitution Act of 1983, which eliminated the office of Prime Minister and instated a near-unique "strong presidency" responsible to parliament. Pressured by other Commonwealth of Nations countries, South Africa withdrew from the organisation in 1961, and rejoined it only in 1994. Despite opposition both within and outside the country, the government legislated for a continuation of apartheid. The security forces cracked down on internal dissent, and violence became

title: Bahá'í Faith in South Africa

text: Bahá'í Faith in South Africa The Bahá'í Faith in South Africa began with the holding of Bahá'í meetings in the country in 1911. A small population of Bahá'ís remained until 1950 when large numbers of international Bahá'í pioneers settled in South Africa. In 1956, after members of various tribes in South Africa became Bahá'ís, a regional Bahá'í Assembly which included South Africa was elected. Later each of the constituent countries successively formed their own independent Bahá'í National Spiritual Assembly. Then in 1995, after a prolonged period of growth and oppression during Apartheid and the homelands reuniting with South Africa, the

title: Monash South Africa

text: Monash South Africa Monash South Africa is a private university founded in 2001, located on a 100 hectare site in Ruimsig in north-west Johannesburg, in the province of Gauteng. The student mix at Monash South Africa is diverse. In addition to domestic (South African) students, it is also home to many students from other African countries. For example, a large number of students from Botswana attend. Furthermore, the number of students on exchange from Monash's Australian and Malaysian campuses makes it one of the most ethnically diverse education providers in Africa. The President and Academic President of Monash South Africa

title: Indonesia–South Africa relations

text: past few years and has the potential to grow. Bilateral trade between the two countries reached US$2.14 billion in 2011. Indonesia's exports were valued at USD1.44 billion in 2011 while imports were around US$705.78 million, resulting in a US$730.81 million trade surplus in favour of Indonesia. The South African market is one of Indonesia's key non-traditional markets, which is expected to drive future exports. Indonesia–South Africa relations Indonesia–South Africa relations are foreign bilateral relations between Indonesia and South Africa. Indonesian–South African relations were formalized through the establishment of diplomatic relations in August 1994. The South African Embassy in Jakarta was

title: Mining industry of South Africa

text: both gem stones and industrial diamonds. Diamond production rose in 2005 to over . South Africa produces more platinum and similar metals than any other nation. In 2005, 78% of the world's platinum was produced in South Africa, along with 39% of the world's palladium. Over of platinum was produced in 2010, generating export revenues of $3.82 billion USD. Palladium is produced in two ways: recovery and mining production. Currently Russia and South Africa are the biggest palladium producers in the world. Chromium is another leading product of South Africa's mining industry. The metal, used in stainless steel and for

title: Tourism in South Africa

text: Eight South African sites are inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List, including the iSimangaliso Wetland Park and uKhahlamba Drakensberg Park in KwaZulu-Natal. Visitors to South Africa must obtain a visa from one of the South African diplomatic missions unless they come from one of the visa exempt countries, in which case they get what is called a "Port of Entry Visa". Visitors who require a visa must apply in person and provide biometric data. See also the visa policy of South Africa. In 2014, a total of 9 549 236 tourists (overnight visitors) entered South Africa, indicating an increase

title: Russia–South Africa relations

text: Russia–South Africa relations Russia–South Africa relations () are foreign relations between Russia and South Africa. Full diplomatic relations were established between both countries on February 28, 1992. Russian has an embassy in Pretoria and a consulate-general in Cape Town. South Africa has an embassy in Moscow. Both countries are also members of BRICS. In 1896, the Transvaal Republic established diplomatic relations with Russia. The Boar war was extensively covered by the Russian media and numerous books, articles, plays, pamphlets and poems were published about the war, usually with a pronounced pro-Boar slant. One Russian writer complained: "Wherever you go these

title: Climate of South Africa

text: Climate of South Africa The climate of South Africa is determined by South Africa's situation between 22°S and 35°S, in the Southern Hemisphere's subtropical zone, and its location between two oceans, Atlantic and Indian. It has a wider variety of climates than most other countries in sub-Saharan Africa, and it has lower average temperatures than other countries within this range of latitude, like Australia, because much of the interior (central plateau or Highveld, including Johannesburg) of South Africa is at higher elevation. Winter temperatures may reach the freezing point at high altitude, but are at their most mild in coastal

title: Tourism in South Africa

text: France. Most of the tourists arriving in South Africa from elsewhere in Africa came from SADC countries. Zimbabwe tops the list at 31%, followed by Lesotho, Mozambique, Swaziland and Botswana. In addition, Nigeria was the country of origin for nearly 30% of tourists arriving in South Africa. South Africa is ranked sixth out of the world's seventeen megadiverse countries and is home to a large variety of animal life. Among the large mammals found in the northern bushveld include lions, leopards, cheetahs, white rhinoceroses, blue wildebeest, kudus, impalas, hyenas, hippopotamuses and giraffes. A significant extent of the bushveld exists in

title: Export–Import Bank of Korea

text: in foreign countries. A spokesman representing the bank told reporters that K-pop, Korean dramas, as well as traditional Korean cuisine have huge growth potential, and that exporters of such cultural content deserve more investment and financial support. Export–Import Bank of Korea The Export–Import Bank of Korea, also commonly known as the Korea Eximbank (KEXIM), is the official export credit agency of South Korea. The bank was first established in 1976. Its primary purpose is to support South Korea's export-led economy by providing loans, financing mega projects and thereby facilitating economic cooperation with other countries. The bank manages the following government

title: Bolivia–South Africa relations

text: South Africa sent a follow up delegation to Bolivia led by Minister in the Presidency, Essop Pahad to cooperate and share experiences on constitutional assemblies as well as minerals and energy policies. President Morales visited South Africa again during the 2010 Soccer World Cup where he met with South African Vice-President Kgalema Motlanthe to discuss enhancing trade and diplomatic relations. Bolivia–South Africa relations Bolivian–South Africa relations are the bilateral relations between the countries of Bolivia and South Africa. Although South Africa maintains full diplomatic relations with Bolivia it is not residentially represented in the country, instead the South African embassy

title: Japan–South Africa relations

text: granted special privileges. In addition, Japan's support and passive posture toward the white minority rule bought criticism from nations of Black Africa. In 1983, Tanzanian Ambassador to Japan, Ahmed Hassan Diria, pointed out that profits generated from Japanese tourists visiting South Africa helped strengthen apartheid. Since 1994, greater co-operation between Japan and South Africa has been limited by domestic bureaucratic and institutional conflicts within both countries. Japan–South Africa relations Japan–South Africa relations refers to the current and historical bilateral relationship between Japan and South Africa. The genesis of trade relations between Japan and the future South Africa date to 1643

title: Kenya–South Africa relations

text: eliminate administrative barriers and boost exchange of goods and services between the two nations. A joint trade committee was formed in 2011 to resolve trade barriers. South Africa has increased its chunk of Kenya’s market in the last 10 years to become the fifth largest source of imports after shipping in Kes.73.8 billion ($810 million) worth of goods in 2011. In comparison, official statistics showing that Kenya only managed to export just Kes.2.8 billion ($31 million) over the period. However, the rapid growth of imports from South Africa is driven mainly by demand, not cordial bilateral relations. Numerous South African

title: Sony MAX (South Africa)

text: Sony MAX which only focus on Bollywood films. The channel stops airing 31 October on DStv along with Sony Channel. The channel will remain on Black. Sony MAX (South Africa) Sony MAX in South Africa is a general entertainment TV channel that is part of the DStv bouquet of Sub-Saharan Africa satellite channels owned by MultiChoice. The Sony MAX is the local South African version and subsidiary of the Sony Entertainment Television brand, which is seen in over 100 countries worldwide. It was launched on 1 February 2011, Sony MAX delivers 24-hours of foreign entertainment series, movies and reality programmes

title: Mineral industry of Africa

text: kilograms per year of gold, mostly from West African countries, to supply its gold refinery. A majority of African gold mine production was refined in South Africa before export to other regions. Most of Africa's copper and platinum group metals PGM production was exported in refined form. The majority of Africa's chromite production was processed into ferrochromium before export. For other commodities, which included bauxite, colored gemstones, diamond, iron ore, petroleum, and uranium, most of or all the continent's production was exported before downstream processing. In September 2004, the Eritrean government ordered a halt to all mineral exploration activity in

title: KWV South Africa (Pty) LTD

text: create unity amongst the wine farmers of South Africa and to ensure continuous improvement in the quality of South African wines and brandies. From the early 1920s, the co-operative was granted increasing legislative control over the production, sale and export of South Africa’s distilling wine and spirits, which allowed the body to experiment with innovations in the industry which aided its development. The organisation also invested a great deal in the promotion of South African wine and brandy both locally and abroad. KWV’s legal hand over the industry was lifted with the end of Apartheid in 1990 and subsequent change

title: Bangladesh–South Africa relations

text: Bangladesh–South Africa relations Bangladesh–South Africa relations refer to the bilateral relations between Bangladesh and South Africa. Bangladesh has a High Commission in Pretoria. South African High Commission in Sri Lanka is accredited to Bangladesh. Both countries are members of the Commonwealth of Nations. Bangladesh banned its citizens from going to South Africa before the end of apartheid. Bangladesh established ties with South Africa after the election of Nelson Mandela and the end of apartheid. The Minister of foreign affairs of Bangladesh attended the inauguration of Nelson Mandela as the President of South Africa. In 10 September 1994 the two nations

title: South Africa–Taiwan relations

text: Despite the derecognition of Taiwan, the two countries maintained trade relations; As of 2010, the Bank of Taiwan still maintained a branch in South Africa and in 2010 Taiwan ranked as South Africa's 16th largest importer, with goods totaling over 5.9 million rand ($861,000). South Africa–Taiwan relations South Africa–Taiwan relations refers to the current and historical relationship between Taiwan and the Republic of South Africa. Taiwan and South Africa established diplomatic ties in 1949. The ties lasted and grew throughout the apartheid-era in South Africa and officially ended in January 1998 when South African President Nelson Mandela recognized the People's

title: Iran–South Africa relations

text: Iran–South Africa relations Iran–South Africa relations refers to the historical and current bilateral relationship of the Islamic Republic of Iran and South Africa. Both economically and politically, relations between the two countries are quite warm and have continued to expand. South Africa and Iran share historical bilateral relations and the latter supported the South African liberation movements. It severed official relations with South Africa in 1979 and imposed a trade boycott in protest against the country’s apartheid policies. However, in January 1994, Iran lifted all trade and economic sanctions against South Africa and diplomatic relations were reestablished on 10 May

title: Energy in South Africa

text: coal of the world total hard coal export 836 Mt. In 2009 247 Mt hard coal production is 247 Mt*0.564 toe/Mt*11.630 TWh/toe = 1620 TWh and export 67 Mt*0.564 toe/Mt*11.630 TWh/toe = 439 TWh. Coal production and use creates in South Africa Coal combustion wastes (CCW), coal mine wastes (AMD) and toxic coal land fires. Coal combustion wastes (CCW), contain toxic substances like arsenic, cadmium, chromium and lead. Hundreds of South African old coal mines are filled with sulphate salts, heavy metals and carcinogenic substances like benzene and toluene. This AMD damages wildlife and spreads illness and disease. According to

title: Madagascar–South Africa relations

text: Madagascar–South Africa relations Madagascar–South Africa relations refers to the diplomatic relations between Madagascar and South Africa. Both nations are members of the African Union, Group of 77, Non-Aligned Movement and the Southern African Development Community. Madagascar and South Africa are two neighboring countries in Southern Africa with a long history. Early known contact between both nations occurred with Bantu migration to Madagascar and during Arab trading between Madagascar and continental Africa. In 1652, Dutch colonists began importing people for slavery from Indonesia and Madagascar to South Africa. In 1766, captured Malagasy's rebelled on a Dutch slave ship called "Die Meermin"

title: Mittal Steel South Africa

text: steel industry entered a crisis period during the end of the 1970s and early 1980s with the widespread recession, which occurred at that time. South Africa did not escape this recession and the local demand for steel fell as a result. A world oversupply situation occurred in the steel market with export prices falling to uneconomic levels. During 1982 Iscor was thus forced into the early closure of the two oldest blast furnaces at Pretoria Works, as well as the closure of the so-called South Works at Newcastle which had been taken over from Amcor only a decade earlier. The

title: Shoprite (South Africa)

text: which were sold on 1 July 2018 when the Group disposed of its interest in Hungry Lion Fast Foods (Pty) Ltd. Shoprite (South Africa) The Shoprite Group of Companies (), is Africa's largest food retailer. It operates 2843 outlets in 14 countries across Africa and the Indian Ocean Islands. The company's headquarters are in the Western Cape province of South Africa. Shoprite Holdings Limited is a public company listed on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange, with secondary listings on both the Namibian and Zambian Stock Exchanges. As of 2018, the Shoprite Group employed over 147 478 people, adding 3 676 additional

title: Indonesia–South Africa relations

text: diplomatic relations in August 1994. The South African Embassy in Jakarta was established in January 1995 and officially opened by the former Minister of Foreign Affairs, Mr A Nzo, on 14 July 1997. The South African Embassy in Jakarta is also accredited to ASEAN in order to maintain close interaction with the regional body, and also accredited to Timor Leste since 2009 on a non-residential basis. South Africa is Indonesia's largest trade partner in Africa which accounted for 22.18 percent of Indonesia's total trade with Africa in 2011. Trade between the two countries has seen a steady increase over the

title: Libya–South Africa relations

text: well as Nigeria) and around two weeks after countries like China and Russia. South Africa has been highly reluctant to unfreeze $1.5-billion in Libyan assets in South Africa. The South African government has also urged the NTC to protect African migrants in Libya following reports of abuse by anti-Gaddafi militia units. Libya–South Africa relations Libya–South Africa relations refer to the current and historical relationship between Libya and South Africa. From the time Muammar Gaddafi assumed power in Libya in 1969 until the end of apartheid in South Africa and the country's first democratic elections in 1994 the Gaddafi regime was

title: Demographics of South Africa

text: assumes in some of their calculations that there are fewer than 2 million immigrants in South Africa. Other institutions, like the police and Médecins Sans Frontières place estimate the figure at 4 million. Immigration assumptions by Statistics South Africa to South Africa based on race. Negative numbers represent net migration from South Africa to other countries. "Urban areas contain about two-thirds of the population; many of these consist of huge informal or squatter settlements." Demographics of South Africa The demographics of South Africa encompasses about 57.7 million people of diverse origins, cultures, languages, and religions. The last census was held

title: Immigration to South Africa

text: Immigration to South Africa According to official South African statistics, as of 2011, 2.2 million foreigners live in South Africa. Africans compose about 79.6% (2007 est.) of the population and represent different ethnic groups, including Zulu, Xhosa, Ndebele, Tsonga, Venda, Pedi, Sotho, Tswana and Swazi, as well as recent immigrants from other parts of Africa (particularly Zimbabwe and Nigeria). Whites compose 9.1% (2007 est), being the descendants of Dutch, French, British, Irish, and German settlers who began arriving at the Cape from the mid- to late 17th century, immigrants from Europe who arrived in South Africa in the twentieth century,

title: Satanic panic (South Africa)

text: Satanic panic (South Africa) The Satanic panic is a moral panic about alleged widespread Satanic ritual abuse which originated around the 1980s in the United States, peaking in the early 1990s, before waning as a result of scepticism of academics and law enforcement agencies who ultimately debunked the claims. The phenomenon spread from the United States to other countries, including South Africa, where it is still evident periodically. South Africa was particularly associated with the Satanic panic because of the creation of the Occult Related Crimes Unit in 1992, described as the "world's only 'ritual murder' task force". According to