query: what is the current government of vietnam?

title: President of Vietnam

text: President of Vietnam The President of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam () is the head of state of Vietnam. Since Vietnam is a single-party state, the President is generally considered to hold the second highest position in the political system, after General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam. In addition, the president appoints the head of government, the Prime Minister. In this capacity, the President represents the government both domestically and internationally, and maintains the regular and coordinated operation and stability of the national government and safeguards the independence and territorial integrity of the country. The President appoints the

title: President of Vietnam

title: Government of Free Vietnam

text: world. KC-702 was a military base that was operated by the Provisional Government of Free Vietnam, probably located in Cambodia, near the Vietnamese border. It is believed that this was once used to help plan the failed Vietnamese Embassy bombing in Laos. The current status of the camp is not known. However, in 1999 several members of the group were captured in Cambodia with weapons, deported to Vietnam and charged. Government of Free Vietnam The Government of Free Vietnam (GFCL; ) was an unrecognized government in exile of a hypothetical Republic of Vietnam. It was an anti-communist political organization headquartered

title: Government of Vietnam

text: Government of Vietnam The Government of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam is the executive arm of the Vietnamese state, and the members of the Government are elected by the National Assembly of Vietnam. The Vietnamese Council of Ministers was entrusted by the 1980 Constitution with managing and implementing the governmental activities of the state. It is described in that document as "the Government of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, the highest executive state body of the highest body of state authority." It is accountable to the National Assembly of Vietnam, and, more directly, to the Vietnamese Council of State when

title: Provisional National Government of Vietnam

text: The Provisional National Government of Vietnam has stated that the political goals of its organization were to: Provisional National Government of Vietnam The Provisional National Government of Vietnam, abbreviated as the PNGV, also referred to as the Provisional National Government of the State of Vietnam or simply the Provisional Government of Vietnam, is a government in exile, headquartered in Orange County and other Little Saigon communities. Similar to the Government of Free Vietnam, which was dissolved in 2013, the government aims for a free, anti-communist Vietnam. The Provisional National Government of Vietnam was formed by former soldiers and refugees from

text: Provisional National Government of Vietnam The Provisional National Government of Vietnam, abbreviated as the PNGV, also referred to as the Provisional National Government of the State of Vietnam or simply the Provisional Government of Vietnam, is a government in exile, headquartered in Orange County and other Little Saigon communities. Similar to the Government of Free Vietnam, which was dissolved in 2013, the government aims for a free, anti-communist Vietnam. The Provisional National Government of Vietnam was formed by former soldiers and refugees from the former South Vietnamese regime on 21 October 1990 and was officially founded on 16 February 1991,

title: Government of Free Vietnam

text: Government of Free Vietnam The Government of Free Vietnam (GFCL; ) was an unrecognized government in exile of a hypothetical Republic of Vietnam. It was an anti-communist political organization headquartered in the American cities of Garden Grove, California and Missouri City, Texas. The Government of Free Vietnam was an anti-communist political organization that was established 30 April 1995 by Nguyen Hoang Dan. It was dissolved in 2013. The Provisional National Government of Vietnam stated that the political goals of its organization were to: The GFVN had an approximate budget of US$1 million a year, donated by Vietnamese expatriates around the

title: Government of Vietnam

text: a newly created Ministry of Agriculture and Food Industry. The ministries of power and mines were merged to form the Ministry of Energy, and a newly created Ministry of Labour, War Invalids, and Social Welfare consolidated the duties of three former ministries. The addition of two new ministerial bodies also resulted from the 6th National Party Congress: a Ministry of Information to replace the Vietnam Radio and Television Commission, and a mission for Economic Relations with Foreign Countries to act as a co-ordinating body for foreign aid. Government of Vietnam The Government of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam is the

title: Provisional Central Government of Vietnam

text: of Vietnam could then be officially proclaimed on July 2. Provisional Central Government of Vietnam The Provisional Central Government of Vietnam was an entity proclaimed in Vietnam during the First Indochina War. It was created as a transitional government replacing the protectorates of Tonkin (North Vietnam) and Annam (Middle Vietnam), until Cochinchina (South Vietnam) could be reunited with the rest of the country. On June 5, 1948, the Halong Bay Agreements ("Accords de la baie d’Along") allowed the creation of a unified Vietnamese government replacing the Tonkin (North Vietnam), Annam (Middle Vietnam) associated to France within the French Union and

title: Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Republic of South Vietnam

text: Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Republic of South Vietnam The Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Republic of South Vietnam (PRG) was formed on June 8, 1969, as an underground government opposed to the government of the Republic of Vietnam under President Nguyễn Văn Thiệu. Delegates of the National Liberation Front, as well as several smaller groups, participated in its creation. The PRG was recognized as the government of South Vietnam by most communist states. It signed the 1973 Paris Peace Treaty as an independent entity, separate from both South Vietnam and North Vietnam. It became the provisional government of South

text: Provisional Central Government of Vietnam The Provisional Central Government of Vietnam was an entity proclaimed in Vietnam during the First Indochina War. It was created as a transitional government replacing the protectorates of Tonkin (North Vietnam) and Annam (Middle Vietnam), until Cochinchina (South Vietnam) could be reunited with the rest of the country. On June 5, 1948, the Halong Bay Agreements ("Accords de la baie d’Along") allowed the creation of a unified Vietnamese government replacing the Tonkin (North Vietnam), Annam (Middle Vietnam) associated to France within the French Union and the Indochinese Federation then including the neighboring Kingdom of Laos

text: and adopted at that time as the anthem of the National Front for the Liberation of Vietnam. Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Republic of South Vietnam The Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Republic of South Vietnam (PRG) was formed on June 8, 1969, as an underground government opposed to the government of the Republic of Vietnam under President Nguyễn Văn Thiệu. Delegates of the National Liberation Front, as well as several smaller groups, participated in its creation. The PRG was recognized as the government of South Vietnam by most communist states. It signed the 1973 Paris Peace Treaty as an

title: Constitution of Vietnam

text: Constitution of Vietnam The Constitution of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam () is the current constitution of Vietnam, adopted on November 28, 2013 by the Thirteenth National Assembly, and took effect on January 1, 2014. It is the fourth constitution adopted by the Vietnamese government since the political reunification of the country in 1976. The current constitution, known as the 2013 Constitution, contains a preamble and 11 chapters: The Democratic Republic of Vietnam had two constitutions: Upon political reunification of the country in 1976, the 1960 Constitution of the Democratic Republic became the constitution of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam.

title: Terminology of the Vietnam War

text: War. The Vietnam War translates directly as "Chiến tranh Việt Nam" in Vietnamese. For people in Vietnam the common phrase is Kháng chiến chống Mỹ (Resistance War against America). "Resistance War against the American Empire to Save the Nation" is the more formal term used by the Vietnam government; it is more of a saying than a name, and its meaning is self-evident. Terminology of the Vietnam War Various names have been applied what is known as the Vietnam War. These have shifted over time, although Vietnam War is the most commonly used title in English. It has been variously

text: Vietnam following the military defeat of the Army of the Republic of Vietnam on April 30, 1975. On July 2, 1976, the PRG and North Vietnam merged to form the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. The Provisional Revolutionary Government was preceded Alliance of National, Democratic, and Peace Forces made up of anti-government forces and headed by Trinh Dinh Thao. The Alliance was a collection of individuals who wanted a new South Vietnamese government but disagreed with the ever-present Northern Communist presence. There had been talk of setting up an Alliance as early as 1966, but this was halted when South Vietnamese

title: Politics of Vietnam

text: to the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam) and the 1945 August Revolution led by Hồ Chí Minh. The current constitution was adopted on 15 April 1992 by the National Assembly of Vietnam. There have been three other constitutions in Vietnamese history: the 1946, 1959 and 1980 constitutions. The current constitution has been amended once, during the 10th session of the National Assembly on 25 December 2001. The Communist Party of Vietnam, the leading non-State organ, operates in accordance with the laws. Government powers in Vietnam are divided into legislative, executive and judiciary powers. Vietnam's legal system is based upon

title: Constitution of Vietnam

text: the interests of the state and the people." Constitution of Vietnam The Constitution of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam () is the current constitution of Vietnam, adopted on November 28, 2013 by the Thirteenth National Assembly, and took effect on January 1, 2014. It is the fourth constitution adopted by the Vietnamese government since the political reunification of the country in 1976. The current constitution, known as the 2013 Constitution, contains a preamble and 11 chapters: The Democratic Republic of Vietnam had two constitutions: Upon political reunification of the country in 1976, the 1960 Constitution of the Democratic Republic became

title: State of Vietnam

text: with its departure from the French Union, the State of Vietnam became territorially confined to those lands of Vietnam south of the 17th parallel, and as such became commonly known as Republic of Vietnam. The massive voluntary migration of anti-communist north Vietnamese, essentially Roman Catholic people, proceeded during the French-American Operation Passage to Freedom in summer 1954. On May 27, 1948, Nguyễn Văn Xuân, then President of the Republic of Cochin China, became President of the Provisional Central Government of Vietnam ("Thủ tướng lâm thời") following the merging of the government of Cochin China and Vietnam in what is sometimes

text: started a process of Vietnamization to allow the American Armed Forces to withdraw from Vietnam. One of the tenets of Vietnamization was responsible government in South Vietnam. To prevent the Americans from installing their own government, a conference was held on June 6–8, 1969, off Route 22 in Cambodia's Fishhook region. The Alliance as well as other groups met and formed the Provisional Revolutionary Government on June 8, 1969. According to Justice Minister Trương Như Tảng, the new group's main purpose was to help the Vietcong "acquire a new international stature." There were delegates from the NLF, the Alliance of

text: - being, unlike the government of Cochinchina, unable to collect taxes - no financial resources. As the Indochina war raged on, the Provisional Central Government was regarded as near-impotent. Also, the French administration was still in place in Tonkin and Annam and was often reluctant to relinquinsh power to the new Vietnamese administration. Moreover, the reunification of Vietnam was still hampered by the status of Cochinchina : the French colonists - who remained influential in the Cochinchinese consultative council - insisted, with the support of Southern Vietnamese autonomist politicians, that Cochinchina (then known as the "Provisional Government of South Vietnam")

title: Supreme People's Court of Vietnam

text: Supreme People's Court of Vietnam The Supreme People's Court of Vietnam () is the highest court of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. The Supreme People's Court is one of the two institutions at the apex of the judicial system of Vietnam, with the other body being the Supreme People's Procuracy of Vietnam. Both are accountable to the President of Vietnam, the highest institution of government power in the country. The head of the Supreme People's Court of Vietnam is the Chief Justice. The current Chief Justice of Vietnam is Nguyen Hoa Binh. The Supreme People's Court is responsible for providing

title: Politics of Vietnam

text: of the executive. The parliament adopted the current Constitution of Vietnam; its fifth, on 28 November 2013. The President () is elected by National Assembly for a five-year term and acts as the commander-in-chief of the Vietnam People's Armed Forces and Chairman of the Council for Defence and Security. Moreover, the president has the right to decide on executive brands. The government (), the main executive state power of Vietnam, is headed by the Prime Minister, who has several Deputy Prime Ministers and several ministers in charge of particular activities. The executive branch is responsible for the implementation of political,

text: and Kingdom of Cambodia. However, while the participants had agreed on the reunification of Cochinchina (South Vietnam) with Tonkin and Annam, it had a different status from the other two territories and retained a separate administration. Former Emperor Bảo Đại, whom the French wanted to bring back to power as a political alternative to Ho Chi Minh, insisted that all Vietnam should be reunited before he took office as "chief of State". General Nguyễn Văn Xuân, until then head of the Cochinchinese government, signed the agreements on Bảo Đại's behalf and became head of the newly formed Provisional Central Government

text: ; he was replaced by Trần Văn Hữu as president of the Cochinchinese administration. Although Vietnam was not yet reunited, and far from being autonomous, the French had agreed for the first time to include the word "independence" in the agreements. During the only year of its existence, the Provisional Central Government had very limited means, and was denounced by the communist Viet Minh as a puppet state. The Xuân government was able to create several administrative units in North and Middle Vietnam, but it was entirely dependent on the French as it had no army, no police forces and

title: General Staff of the Vietnam People's Army

text: Ministry of Defence and the Government of Vietnam. The current Chief of the General Staff is Senior Lieutenant General (AKA Colonel General) Phan Văn Giang who also holds the position of Deputy Minister of Defence. Right after the August Revolution and the foundation of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam on 2 September 1945, the General Staff was established on 7 September 1945. The first Chief of the General Staff was Major General Hoàng Văn Thái who held the position from 1945 to 1953. During the existence of the General Headquarters of the Vietnam People's Army ("Bộ Tổng tư lệnh Quân

title: 1959 in the Vietnam War

text: 1959 in the Vietnam War 1959 saw Vietnam still divided into South (ruled by President Ngô Đình Diệm) and North (lead by communist Ho Chi Minh). North Vietnam authorized the Viet Cong to undertake limited military action as well as political action to subvert the Diệm government. North Vietnam also authorized the construction of what would become known as the Ho Chi Minh Trail to supply the Viet Cong in South Vietnam. Armed encounters between the Viet Cong and the government of South Vietnam became more frequent and with larger numbers involved. In September, 360 soldiers of the South Vietnamese

title: South Vietnam

text: surrender of Saigon to North Vietnamese and Viet Cong forces on 30 April 1975, the Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Republic of South Vietnam officially became the government of South Vietnam. Democratic Republic of Vietnam and Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Republic of South Vietnam were merged to become the current Socialist Republic of Vietnam through the 1976 election, which was held on 25 April 1976. On 26 October 1956, the military was reorganised by the administration of President Ngô Đình Diệm who established the Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN, pronounced "arvin"). Early on, the focus of the

title: Persecution of Degar Peoples in Vietnam

text: Persecution of Degar Peoples in Vietnam The native inhabitants of the Central Highlands are the Degar (Montagnard) peoples. The Vietnamese conquered the Central Highlands during their "march to the south" (Nam tiến). Ethnic Vietnamese (Kinh) people now outnumber the indigenous Degars (considered derogatory term) after state-sponsored colonization directed by both the government of South Vietnam and the current Communist government of unified Vietnam. The Montagnards have engaged in conflicts with the Vietnamese, from the anti-Communist South Vietnamese government, the Viet Cong, to the Communist government of unified Vietnam. There are contrasting views on this issue, as the constitution of the

title: Persecution of Degar Peoples in Vietnam

text: to human rights organizations and reporters. Persecution of Degar Peoples in Vietnam The native inhabitants of the Central Highlands are the Degar (Montagnard) peoples. The Vietnamese conquered the Central Highlands during their "march to the south" (Nam tiến). Ethnic Vietnamese (Kinh) people now outnumber the indigenous Degars (considered derogatory term) after state-sponsored colonization directed by both the government of South Vietnam and the current Communist government of unified Vietnam. The Montagnards have engaged in conflicts with the Vietnamese, from the anti-Communist South Vietnamese government, the Viet Cong, to the Communist government of unified Vietnam. There are contrasting views on this

title: Communist Party of Vietnam

text: Communist Party of Vietnam The Communist Party of Vietnam (CPV) is the founding and ruling communist party of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. Since 1988, it is the only legal party in the country. Although it nominally exists alongside the Vietnamese Fatherland Front, it maintains a unitary government and has centralised control over the state, military and media. The supremacy of the Communist Party is guaranteed by Article 4 of the national constitution. The current party's leader is Nguyễn Phú Trọng, who holds the titles of General Secretary of the Central Committee and Secretary of the Central Military Commission. The

title: Flag of South Vietnam

text: has been adopted by many in the Vietnamese diaspora to symbolically distance themselves from the Communist government and continues to be used either as an alternative symbol for ethnic unity or as a protest tool against the current government. The flag of the former South Vietnam (also used under Emperor Thành Thái) remains highly controversial, particularly in the case of Vietnamese Americans, Vietnamese Australians, and other Vietnamese around the world who fled Vietnam after the war, who call it the "Vietnamese Heritage and Freedom Flag." Displaying this flag in public in Vietnam have resulted in prosecutions for propaganda against the

title: What Is Truth

text: What Is Truth "What Is Truth" is a single by American country music artist Johnny Cash released in February 1970. Generally viewed as a protest song, a rarity in country music at the time, the simple criticism of the Vietnam War, and war in general, as well as the stereotypical view of many politically liberal hippies made the song a major crossover hit. The song peaked at number 3 on the "Billboard" Hot Country Singles. It also became Cash's 12th Top 40 single on the Hot 100 chart, peaking at number 19, and his 2nd Top 10 single on the

title: What Is Truth

text: Adult Contemporary chart, peaking at Number 4. It also reached number 1 on the "RPM" Country Tracks chart in Canada. What Is Truth "What Is Truth" is a single by American country music artist Johnny Cash released in February 1970. Generally viewed as a protest song, a rarity in country music at the time, the simple criticism of the Vietnam War, and war in general, as well as the stereotypical view of many politically liberal hippies made the song a major crossover hit. The song peaked at number 3 on the "Billboard" Hot Country Singles. It also became Cash's 12th

text: Bảo Đại refused to return to Vietnam and take office as head of state until the country was fully reunited. Finally, the French National Assembly voted a law set to create a Cochinchinese territorial assembly which would replace the former council. The new assembly was elected on 10 April 1949, and the Vietnamese became a majority. On 23 April, the Cochinchinese assembly approved the merger with the Provisional Government, and its decision was in turn approved by the French National Assembly on May 20. On June 4, Cochinchina and the "associated State of Vietnam" were formally merged, and the State

title: 1963 in the Vietnam War

text: the former Diệm government of South Vietnam claimed 18 strategic hamlets were located; he discovered than none of the 18 existed. McNamara had gone from being optimistic about the progress of the war in October to pessimistic in December. John McCone Director of the CIA said, "It is abundantly clear that statistics received over the last year or more from the GVN [Government of Vietnam] officials and reported by the US mission on which we gauged the trend of the war were grossly in error. Secretary of Defense McNamara said in a report to the President that, "Current trends [in

title: What Is History?

text: of things in the world, in a 1970 article entitled "Marxism and History", Carr argued that with the exception of the Mexican Revolution, every revolution in the last sixty-odd years had been led by Marxists. The other revolutions Carr counted were the revolutions in Cuba, China, Russia, and a half-revolution in Vietnam (presumably a reference to the then on-going Vietnam War). This together with what Carr saw as the miserable condition of the Third World, which comprised most of the world led Carr to argue that Marxism had the greatest appeal in the Third World, and was the most likely

title: Terminology of the Vietnam War

text: Terminology of the Vietnam War Various names have been applied what is known as the Vietnam War. These have shifted over time, although Vietnam War is the most commonly used title in English. It has been variously called the Second Indochina War, the Vietnam Conflict ,the Vietnam War, and Nam. In Vietnam it is commonly known as Kháng chiến chống Mỹ (Resistance War against America). The name "Second Indochina War" places the conflict into context with other distinct, but related, and contiguous conflicts in Southeast Asia. Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia are seen as the battlegrounds of a larger Indochinese conflict

title: Vietnam

text: such as the 11th-century patriotic poem ""Nam quốc sơn hà"" and the 1428 proclamation of independence ""Bình Ngô đại cáo"". Though China and Vietnam are now formally at peace, significant territorial tensions in the South China Sea remain between the two countries. Vietnam holds membership of 63 international organisations, including the United Nations (UN), Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), Non-Aligned Movement (NAM), International Organisation of the Francophonie (La Francophonie) and World Trade Organization (WTO). It also maintains relations with over 650 non-government organisations. Until 2010, Vietnam had established diplomatic relations with 178 countries. Vietnam current foreign policy is to

title: Vietnam

text: "Viet Nam" instead. Between 1804 and 1813, the name Vietnam was used officially by Emperor Gia Long. It was revived in the early 20th century by Phan Bội Châu's "History of the Loss of Vietnam", and later by the Vietnamese Nationalist Party (VNQDĐ). The country was usually called Annam until 1945, when both the imperial government in Huế and the Việt Minh government in Hanoi adopted . Archaeological excavations have revealed the existence of humans in what is now Vietnam as early as the Paleolithic age. "Homo erectus" fossils dating to around 500,000 BC have been found in caves in

title: Human rights in Vietnam

text: Human rights in Vietnam Human rights in Vietnam () have long been a matter of much controversy between the Government of Vietnam and some international human rights organizations and Western governments, particularly that of the United States. Under the current constitution, the Communist Party of Vietnam is the only one allowed to rule, the operation of all other political parties being outlawed. Other human rights issues concern freedom of association, freedom of speech, and freedom of the press. Since 1994, "Vietnam Human Rights Day" is celebrated each year on 11 May. A report drafted by the Vietnamese government on 18

title: What Is the What

text: What Is the What What Is the What: The Autobiography of Valentino Achak Deng is a 2006 novel written by Dave Eggers. It is based on the life of Valentino Achak Deng, a Sudanese child refugee who immigrated to the United States under the Lost Boys of Sudan program. It was a finalist for the National Book Award. As a boy, Achak is separated from his family during the Second Sudanese Civil War when the Arab militia, referred to as "murahaleen" (which is Arabic for the deported), wipes out his Dinka village, Marial Bai. During the assault, he loses sight

title: What Is the What

text: That Happens Will Happen Today". Tom Tykwer plans to adapt the novel into a film. In 2009, the novel received the Prix Médicis étranger in France. What Is the What What Is the What: The Autobiography of Valentino Achak Deng is a 2006 novel written by Dave Eggers. It is based on the life of Valentino Achak Deng, a Sudanese child refugee who immigrated to the United States under the Lost Boys of Sudan program. It was a finalist for the National Book Award. As a boy, Achak is separated from his family during the Second Sudanese Civil War when

text: and Cambodian government forced the PRG to flee deep into Cambodia. The stressful escape caused many of the PRG officials (such as Trương Như Tạng) to need extensive medical furloughs. After Trương Như Tạng returned, he noticed that new cadres from the north were causing problems for the non-communist members of the PRG. One member in particular, Ba Cap, harshly denounced most of the PRG as bourgeois. Tạng complained to the higher members of the North Vietnamese government, but was rebuffed. Tạng later saw this as the point when the PRG turned from being an independent South Vietnam-based alternative government

title: Racism in Vietnam

text: substandard, lacking clean water, electricity and living in houses made out of mud. The native inhabitants of the Central Highlands are the Degar (Montagnard) peoples. Vietnam conquered and invaded the area during its "march to the south" (Nam tiến). Ethnic Vietnamese (Kinh) people now outnumber the indigenous Degars after state sponsored colonization directed by both the government of South Vietnam and the current Communist government of unified Vietnam. The Montagnards have fought against and resisted all Vietnamese invaders, from the anti-Communist South Vietnamese government, the Vietcong, to the Communist government of unified Vietnam. The French, the Communist North Vietnamese, and

title: 1961 in the Vietnam War

text: government throughout the Vietnam War, but had only a limited influence on the Kennedy and Johnson Administrations. The report of a high-level study group headed by Undersecretary of Defense Roswell Gilpatric said that "South Vietnam is nearing the decisive phase of its battle for survival" and that the situation is "critical but not hopeless." It recommended that the United States show "our friends, the Vietnamese, and our foes, the Viet Cong, that come what may, the US intends to win this battle." A cease fire was declared in Laos between communist rebels (the Pathet Lao) and government troops. President Kennedy

title: 1965 in the Vietnam War

text: United States and its allies, which, will, in conjunction with current actions, lead in due time to successful accomplishment of US aims and objectives." What came to be called "A Program for the Pacification and Long-Term Development of South Vietnam" (PROVN) would be completed on 1 March 1966. President Johnson requested an additional appropriation of $700 million for the Vietnam War during the remainder of the fiscal year. The request was approved by Congress 2 days later. Johnson indicated that he might have to request additional funds. Soldiers from the 173rd Airborne Brigade arrived in Vietnam. The brigade would be

title: Politics of Vietnam

text: Politics of Vietnam The politics of Vietnam are defined by a single-party socialist republic framework, where the General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam is the Party leader and head of the Politburo, holding the highest position in the one-party system. The President of Vietnam is the head of state, and the Prime Minister of Vietnam is the head of government in a one-party system led by the Communist Party of Vietnam. Executive power is exercised by the government and the President of Vietnam. Legislative power is vested in the National Assembly of Vietnam (). The Judiciary is independent

title: Flag of South Vietnam

text: ("Viet Kieu"), particularly former South Vietnamese citizens who fled Vietnam in the late 1970s and 1980s as Boat People, consider the current Vietnamese flag offensive as they see it as being representative of the socialist regime they opposed and fled. From June 2002 onward, in the United States, at least 13 U.S. state governments, seven counties and 85 cities in 20 states have adopted resolutions recognizing the yellow flag as the Vietnamese Heritage and Freedom Flag. In contemporary Vietnam, attempts to display this flag had resulted in prosecutions for "propaganda against the Government of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam". During

title: Central Highlands, Vietnam

text: the indigenous Degars after state sponsored colonization directed by both the government of South Vietnam and the current Communist government of unified Vietnam. The Montagnards have fought against and resisted all Vietnamese invaders, from the anti-Communist South Vietnamese government, the Vietcong, to the Communist government of unified Vietnam. The Champa state and Chams in the lowlands were traditional suzerains whom the Montagnards in the highlands acknowledged as their lords, while autonomy was held by the Montagnards. After World War II concept of "Nam tiến" and the southward conquest was celebrated by Vietnamese scholars. The Pays Montagnard du Sud-Indochinois was the

title: 1960 in the Vietnam War

text: Kennedy won on November 8, 1960. For the first time South Vietnam charged North Vietnam with aggression. A few days earlier the Viet Cong had captured several ARVN and Civil Guard posts near Kontum in the central highlands. The Diem government claimed that the attack had been mounted by soldiers from North Vietnam who had infiltrated South Vietnam through Laos utilizing the network of trails and roads later called the Ho Chi Minh trail. The ARVN recaptured the lost posts. Five paratroop battalions encircled the Presidential Palace in Saigon in what would be a failed coup attempt against President Diem.

title: Terminology of the Vietnam War

text: that began at the end of World War II and lasted until communist victory in 1975. This conflict can be viewed in terms of the demise of colonialism and its after-effects during the Cold War. The term "Vietnam Conflict" is largely a U.S. designation, it acknowledges that the United States Congress never declared war on North Vietnam. Legally, the President used his constitutional discretion—supplemented by supportive resolutions in Congress—to conduct what was said to be a "police action". "Vietnam War" is the most commonly used designation in English. Most Vietnamese who interact with foreigners are familiar with the term Vietnam

title: Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam

text: Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam The Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam (Vietnamese: "Ban Chấp hành Trung ương Đảng Cộng sản Việt Nam") established 1930, is the highest authority within the Communist Party of Vietnam elected by the Party National Congresses. The current Central Committee has about 175 full members and 25 alternate members and nominally appoints the Politburo of the Communist Party of Vietnam. The Hong Kong conference (held in Kowloon City, chaired by Nguyễn Ái Quốc) in February 1930 founding the Communist Party of Vietnam elected a nine-member Provisional Central Committee, consisting of

title: Human rights in Vietnam

text: briefed foreign diplomats about restrictions on freedom of religion and other human rights violations. Human rights in Vietnam Human rights in Vietnam () have long been a matter of much controversy between the Government of Vietnam and some international human rights organizations and Western governments, particularly that of the United States. Under the current constitution, the Communist Party of Vietnam is the only one allowed to rule, the operation of all other political parties being outlawed. Other human rights issues concern freedom of association, freedom of speech, and freedom of the press. Since 1994, "Vietnam Human Rights Day" is celebrated

title: Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of Vietnam

text: Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of Vietnam The Central Military Commission (CMC), is the highest party organ in Vietnam on military policy. Its membership includes some members of the Politburo and military leaders. The CMC is headed by the current General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam, Nguyễn Phú Trọng. The Statute of the Communist Party of Vietnam says that the Vietnam People's Army (VPA) is "under the party's absolute, direct, comprehensive leadership". The membership of the CMC is appointed by the Central Committee. The CMC is responsible to the Party's Politburo and the Secretariat. Its main

title: United States news media and the Vietnam War

text: fewer than 50 percent agreed that it was "inhuman and immoral for the U.S. to have bombed Hanoi's civilian center" and an impressive 71 percent believed "what we did in bombing Hanoi was no worse than what the communists have done in the Vietnam War." Following the campaign, Hanoi returned to the negotiating table and (after some wrangling with the Saigon government) the Paris Peace Accords were signed on 27 January 1973. For the United States, the Vietnam War was over. United States news media and the Vietnam War The role of the media in the perception of the Vietnam

title: Persecution of Degar Peoples in Vietnam

text: people. Because of his desire to promote trade with Vietnam, John Kerry rejected showing any concern for Montagnard rights and voted against the 2001 Vietnam Human Rights Act in the Senate. Kerry said that "communism" was what the people wanted in Vietnam. The current 750,000 Montagnard have been halved from their original 1975 number of 1,500,000 while there was a three times growth in the Vietnamese population while killings, torture, and seizure of land from the Montagnards has taken place. Mass graves were created to be filled with the corpses of the Montagnards as kids, women and men were assaulted

title: Politics of Vietnam

text: the President of the Socialist Republic, the National Assembly and the People's Councils. Vietnam has a judicial system governed by the Constitution of Vietnam and national legislation enacted by National Assembly. The Supreme People's Court () is the highest court of appeal in Vietnam. There are other specialised courts in Vietnam, including the Central Military Court, the Criminal Court, the Civil Court and the Appeal Court. The Supreme People's Procuracy observes the implementation of state organs and makes sure that Vietnamese citizens follow the law. Vietnam is a one-party socialist republic. The current Vietnamese state traces its direct lineage back

title: Economy of the Republic of Vietnam

text: economy through economic and technical aid, and trade. Agriculture made up around 30% of economic output in South Vietnam, a share that did not vary significantly over the years. South Vietnam's agriculture had a total area of around 6 million ha, mostly in the southern regions (the Mekong River Delta and roughly what is now the Southeast region), while the Central Highlands had few cultivated areas (see map), Other significant agricultural areas were the lowlands along the coast in the north of South Vietnam (central Vietnam including the provinces of Thừa Thiên–Huế, Quảng Nam, Bình Định). The most important crops

title: Secretariat of the Communist Party of Vietnam

text: Secretariat of the Communist Party of Vietnam The Secretariat of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam (), replaced by the Politburo Standing Committee of the Central Committee in the period 1996 to 2001, is the highest implementation body of the Communist Party of Vietnam (CPV) between Central Committee meetings. According to Party rules, the Secretariat implements the decisions of the Politburo and the Central Committee. The members of the Politburo are elected (and given a ranking) by the Central Committee in the immediate aftermath of a National Party Congress. The current Secretariat, the 10th, was elected by

title: North–South express railway (Vietnam)

text: investment in Vietnam is very positive and it just keeps growing. With a large amount of money set aside from the Vietnamese government for redevelopment purposes, the projects underway are exciting and aim at putting Vietnam on the map for everybody. The approved amount that was announced recently by the Vietnamese government for the redevelopment is of $921 million. The amount will be distributed for different purposes that will all ultimately improve many different aspects of Vietnam’s current realty. The developments have been narrowed down to focus on 8 specific zones around Vietnam, all of which can be found on

title: FULRO insurgency against Vietnam

text: Vietnam and the current Communist government of unified Vietnam. The Montagnards have fought against and resisted all Vietnamese invaders, from the anti-communist South Vietnamese government to the Viet Cong to the communist government of unified Vietnam. The Champa state and Chams in the lowlands were traditional suzerains whom the Montagnards in the highlands acknowledged as their lords, while autonomy was held by the Montagnards. After World War II concept of "Nam tiến" and the southward conquest was celebrated by Vietnamese scholars. The Pays Montagnard du Sud-Indochinois was the name of the Central Highlands from 1946 under French Indochina. The French,

title: Racism in Vietnam

text: replacement by Vietnamese Kinh culture and exacerbated poverty due to control of the economy by the Vietnamese Kinh. Racism in Vietnam Racism in Vietnam has been mainly directed by the majority and dominant ethnic Vietnamese Kinh against ethnic minorities such as Degars (Montagnards), Chams, and the Khmer Krom. The Cham in Vietnam are only recognized as a minority, and not as an indigenous people by the Vietnamese government despite being indigenous to the region. Both Hindu and Muslim Chams have experienced religious and ethnic persecution and restrictions on their faith under the current Vietnamese government, with the Vietnamese state confisticating

title: What Is the What

text: writes: "Over the course of many years, Dave and I have collaborated to tell my story... I told [him] what I knew and what I could remember, and from that material he created this work of art." The book is typical of Eggers' style: blending non-fictional and fictional elements into a non-fiction novel or memoir. By classifying the book a novel, Eggers says, he freed himself to re-create conversations, streamline complex relationships, add relevant detail and manipulate time and space in helpful ways—all while maintaining the essential truthfulness of the storytelling. However, not all critics were impressed. Lee Siegel sees

title: Ministry of Industry and Trade (Vietnam)

text: Ministry of Industry and Trade (Vietnam) The Ministry of Industry and Trade (MOIT, ) is the government ministry in Vietnam responsible for the advancement, promotion, governance, regulation, management and growth of industry and trade. The former Ministry of Trade has its origins in 1945 with the formation of the modern National Unification Cabinet, and became a ministry in its own right in 1955. The Ministry of Trade merged with the Ministry of Industry in 2007 to form the Ministry of Industry and trade. The current Minister of Industry and Trade is Trần Tuấn Anh. Ministry main offices are located in

title: Escape of the Provisional Revolutionary Government

text: Escape of the Provisional Revolutionary Government The Escape of the Provisional Revolutionary Government was a series of military operations conducted in eastern Cambodia during mid-1970 by the Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam) during the Vietnam War. The objective was to search and destroy elements of the Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Republic of South Vietnam (PRG), Central Office for South Vietnam (COSVN), People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) and Viet Cong (VC). This incursion was the single closest time the entire leadership of the Viet Cong was close to being captured according to PRG leader Trương Như Tảng a task South

title: Racism in Vietnam

text: Racism in Vietnam Racism in Vietnam has been mainly directed by the majority and dominant ethnic Vietnamese Kinh against ethnic minorities such as Degars (Montagnards), Chams, and the Khmer Krom. The Cham in Vietnam are only recognized as a minority, and not as an indigenous people by the Vietnamese government despite being indigenous to the region. Both Hindu and Muslim Chams have experienced religious and ethnic persecution and restrictions on their faith under the current Vietnamese government, with the Vietnamese state confisticating Cham property and forbidding Cham from observing their religious beliefs. Hindu temples were turned into tourist sites against

title: Vietnam Directorate of Fisheries

text: Vietnam Directorate of Fisheries Vietnam Directorate of Fisheries () is a government agency under directorate of fisheries policy in Vietnam Hanoi. And its subordinate operational unit "Vietnam Fisheries Resources Surveillance" () was established on January 25, 2013 under Decree No. 102/2012/ND-CP of the Vietnamese Government. They will aim to better protect Vietnam's fisheries and sovereignty. Vietnam Directorate of Fisheries is a law enforcement agency of Vietnam in directorate of fisheries and belongs to the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development. It performs functions: patrol, check, control, detect and handle violations of the law and bar investigation of fishery on the

title: 1963 in the Vietnam War

text: Corps General Victor Krulak and Department of State official Joseph Mendenhall briefed President Kennedy on their recent visit to South Vietnam. Krulak said that the war could be won "if the current U.S. military and sociological programs are pursued." Mendenhall said the South Vietnamese government had broken down by the "pervasive atmosphere and fear and hate arising from the police reign of terror." Kennedy commented, "You two did visit the same country, didn't you?" At the same meeting Rufus Phillips, head of the USAID mission in Vietnam, said that the war in the Mekong Delta was going poorly. The strategic

title: Prime Minister of Vietnam

text: Prime Minister of Vietnam The Prime Minister of Vietnam (), officially styled Prime Minister of the Government of the Socialist Republic (), is the head of government of Vietnam who presides over the meetings of the Central Government (formerly the Council of Ministers). The prime minister directs the work of government members, and may propose deputy prime ministers to the National Assembly. The head of government is responsible to the National Assembly and serves as the Deputy Chairman of the Council for Defence and Security. Moreover, prime minister is also Chairman of the Council for National Education, Standing Member of

title: Prime Minister of Vietnam

text: government posts. Commission members are appointed by the Politburo, and the Commission itself is responsible to the Politburo and the Secretariat. The decision-making process within the Commission is based on the principles of collective leadership. Prime Minister of Vietnam The Prime Minister of Vietnam (), officially styled Prime Minister of the Government of the Socialist Republic (), is the head of government of Vietnam who presides over the meetings of the Central Government (formerly the Council of Ministers). The prime minister directs the work of government members, and may propose deputy prime ministers to the National Assembly. The head of

title: Vietnam Inland Waterways Administration

text: / Thái Bình Province area in the north, and the Mekong River system in the south. VIWA governs 77 ports in Vietnam, including 33 river ports. It manages five of them, all in the north: Hai Phong, Ninh Bình, Bắc Ninh, Việt Trì and Hòa Bình. VIWA currently maintains port authorities for four seaports: VIWA operates three vocational schools: Vietnam Inland Waterways Administration Vietnam Inland Waterways Administration ("VIWA", Vietnamese: "Cục Đường thuỷ nội địa Việt Nam") is the government agency of the Ministry of Transport that governs and maintains the ports, rivers, canals and navigable lakes of Vietnam. The current

title: Military history of Australia during the Vietnam War

text: the Australian government to grant them visas. Attendance at the subsequent marches was lower than that of May 1970, and as a result of several factors including confusion over the rules regarding what the protesters were allowed to do, aggressive police tactics, and agitation from protesters, the second march became violent. In Sydney, 173 people were arrested, while in Melbourne the police attempted to control the crowd with a baton-charge. Initially there was considerable support for Australia's involvement in Vietnam, and all Australian battalions returning from Vietnam participated in well attended welcome home parades through either Sydney, Adelaide, Brisbane or

text: was still legally a colony, since its status as an "autonomous Republic", proclaimed in 1946, had never been ratified by the French National Assembly, and that any process of reunification had therefore to be approved by the French Parliament. Xuân tried to reunite Cochinchina with his government through a by-law, but it was overruled by the colony's council. Trần Văn Hữu's administration therefore remained in existence and Vietnam found itself with two governments, each backed by the French, one claiming sovereignty over the whole country, and one administrating the South. The Vietnamese situation remained deadlocked for over a year, as

title: 12th Politburo of the Communist Party of Vietnam

text: 12th Politburo of the Communist Party of Vietnam The 12th Politburo of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam ("Bộ Chính trị Ban Chấp hành trung ương Đảng Cộng sản Việt Nam Khoá XII") is the current Politburo of the ruling Communist Party in Vietnam. It was selected by the Central Committee of the Party at the 12th National Congress of the CPV on January 27, 2016, and is expected to serve until the 13th National Congress, tentatively scheduled for early 2021. The 19-member committee comprises 12 newcomers and seven returning members. Within Vietnam's one-party political system, the

title: 12th National Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam

text: after resuming office, Trong stepped up his rhetoric on combatting corruption in the government….' During the reign of Nguyen Tan Dung, in spite of an economic reform by introducing foreign investment, Vietnam also faced serious economic problems and a series of financial corruption incidents, which led him to be criticized. Some even asked him to step down. For Trong’s faction, the anti-corruption drive and stamping out remaining elements within Dung’s patronage network are two sides of the same coin. Due to Vietnam's current economic situation, it does not rush to privatization reform, although privatization is conducive to the development of

title: Legality of the Vietnam War

text: that is not to maintain or restore international peace (Article 42) or undertaken in self-defense (Article 51). According to Richard Falk, "If the US Government had abided by international law, the dreadful experience of the Vietnam War would not have occurred." However, according to Benjamin B. Ferencz: In United States v. Sisson, a federal judge dismissed a challenge to the Vietnam War's constitutionality because it involved "just the sort of evidence, policy considerations, and constitutional principles which elude the normal processes of the judiciary and which are far more suitable for determination by coordinate branches of the government." In Sarnoff

title: Vietnam Inland Waterways Administration

text: Vietnam Inland Waterways Administration Vietnam Inland Waterways Administration ("VIWA", Vietnamese: "Cục Đường thuỷ nội địa Việt Nam") is the government agency of the Ministry of Transport that governs and maintains the ports, rivers, canals and navigable lakes of Vietnam. The current General Director is Assistant Professor D., People's Teacher Trần Đắc Sửu; VIWA is located in Ha Noi. As an organization, VIWA has: VIWA has jurisdiction of over 6,000 km of riverways, operating 15 stations and over 140 substations throughout the country. VIWA maintains over 14,000 navigation aids on Vietnam's rivers. Principal riverways under VIWA's purview include the Red River

title: Music of Vietnam

text: the Vietnam War. This genre has developed strongly in the South and has spread out over the North region after the rise of Bức Tường in the 90s. For the last 10 years, metal has become more mainstream in Vietnam. Unlimited, Ngũ Cung, Microwave, and the Black Infinity are the current top Vietnamese metal bands in the 21st century. Music of Vietnam Traditional Vietnamese music is highly diverse and syncretistic, combining native and foreign influences, and influences from Vietnam's ethnic minority groups. Throughout its history, Vietnam has been most heavily influenced by the Chinese musical tradition, as an integral part,

text: to his post. At the 11th session of the 13th National Assembly, a number of members of the new Politburo were confirmed as new leaders of state institutions. A "*" indicates that the position was confirmed at the 11th session of the 13th National Assembly, convened from late March 2016. 12th Politburo of the Communist Party of Vietnam The 12th Politburo of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam ("Bộ Chính trị Ban Chấp hành trung ương Đảng Cộng sản Việt Nam Khoá XII") is the current Politburo of the ruling Communist Party in Vietnam. It was selected

title: Answering the Question: What is Enlightenment?

text: He states that a monarch should allow his subjects to do or think whatever they find necessary for their salvation, and that such thoughts and deeds are “none of his business.” Religious ideas should not be subject to government oversight, and government should not support “spiritual despotism” against any of his subjects. It is insisted that the king favours freedom in the arts and sciences because there is “no danger to his legislation” from his subjects' making public use of their own reason and providing “forthright criticism of the current legislation." Throughout history we see that most monarchs do perceive

title: Economy of the Republic of Vietnam

text: Economy of the Republic of Vietnam The Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam) had an open market economy mostly based on services, agriculture, and aid from the United States. Though formally a free market economy, economic development was based largely on five-year economic plans or four-year economic plans. Its economy stayed stable in the 10 first years, then it faced difficulties due to the escalation of the Vietnam War, which led to unsteady economic growth, high state budget deficits, high inflation, and trade deficits. The South Vietnamese government conducted land reforms twice. The United States played an important role in this

title: Freedom of religion in Vietnam

text: in the Central Highlands were operating a self-styled "Dega Church", which reportedly mixes religious practice with political activism and calls for ethnic minority separatism. The Government also actively restricted the leadership of the unrecognized Unified Buddhist Church of Vietnam (UBCV) and maintained that it would not recognize this organization under its current leadership. The Government maintained a prominent role overseeing recognized religions. Religious groups encountered the greatest restrictions when they engaged in activities that the government perceived as political activism or a challenge to its rule. The Government continued to ban and actively discourage participation in one unrecognized faction of

title: Flag of Vietnam

text: September 5, 1945 adopting the flag as the flag of the North Vietnam. The DRV became the government of North Vietnam in 1954 following the Geneva Accords. The flag was modified on November 30, 1955 to make the edges of the star sharper. Until the end of the Vietnam War in 1975, South Vietnam used a yellow flag with three red stripes. The red flag of North Vietnam was later adopted as the flag of the unified Vietnam in 1976. According to the 1992 constitution: "The National Flag of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam is rectangular in shape, its width

title: Censorship in Vietnam

text: Politically, morally or religiously sensitive websites are blocked by the state. In order to operate a local website in Vietnam, a Vietnamese domain has to be registered, which requires the website to be hosted on Vietnamese computers within Vietnam – allowing for greater state control over what gets published on the website. All companies and organisations which operate websites containing material relating to “politics, economics, culture and society” or social networks are required by law to register with the government. These companies and organisations are also required to maintain a server within Vietnam to facilitate government requests for information. The

title: History of the Jews in Vietnam

text: War. The 1956 American Jewish Yearbook listed the Jewish population of French Indochina at 1,500, as noted above, but in its 1957 printing, there is no mention of a Jewish population in the region. In 1971, about 12 French Jews still remained in South Vietnam, all in Saigon. During the Vietnam War, temporary Jewish communities were organized throughout South Vietnam, consisting largely of United States military personnel. Approximately 30,000 Jewish-Americans served in the U.S. Armed Forces in Vietnam; amongst them, Colonel Jack H. Jacobs won the Medal of Honor for heroism for his service. Gradually, as the communist government began

title: History of Vietnam

text: language, and much of national identity. At certain periods during these 1,100 years, Vietnam was independently governed under the Triệus, Trưng Sisters, Early Lýs, Khúcs and Dương Đình Nghệ—although their triumphs and reigns were temporary. During the Chinese domination of northern Vietnam, several civilizations flourished in what is today central and south Vietnam, particularly the Funanese and Cham. The founders and rulers of these governments, however, were not native to Vietnam. From the 10th century onwards, the Vietnamese, emerging in their heartland of the Red River Delta, began to conquer these civilizations. When Ngô Quyền (King of Vietnam, 938–944) restored

title: Unified Buddhist Sangha of Vietnam

text: was established after the communists won the war in 1975. (Times) In 1981, six years after the communist victory, the new government consolidated all Buddhist organizations under the umbrella group Buddhist Sangha of Vietnam and placed it under government control. The Unified Buddhist Church of Vietnam and all other non-sanctioned organizations were banned within Vietnam. It continues to operate in exile outside Vietnam. Unified Buddhist Sangha of Vietnam The Unified Buddhist Sangha of Vietnam (UBCV) is a Buddhist organization in Vietnam. The Unified Buddhist Sangha of Vietnam was founded in 1964 in order to unify 11 of the 14 different

title: History of the Communist Party of Vietnam

text: force fighting the occupation, the Viet Minh gained popular recognition and legitimacy in what would develop into a political vacuum. Ho Chi Minh's personal fate was not an easy one. With his organization underarmed and its bases isolated, Ho traveled to China in August 1942 seeking Allied military aid. Ho was arrested by the Nationalist government and subjected to 14 months of brutal imprisonment, followed by another year of restricted movement. Ho was unable to return to Vietnam until September 1944. The Communist Party and its Viet Minh offshoot managed to prosper without him. Despite its position as the core

text: Party of Vietnam (Đảng lao động Việt Nam) at the 2nd Congress in Tuyên Quang in 1951. The Congress decided to split into three parties, one each for Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia. At the time the party had 766,349 members. The Third National Congress, held in Hanoi in 1960, formalized the tasks of constructing socialism in what was by then North Vietnam and committed the party to liberation in the South. The party had some 500,000 members (both north and south). At the 4th Congress in 1976, the Workers Party of North Vietnam merged with the People's Revolutionary Party of

title: History of Vietnam

text: newly industrialized country, and also, a regional power in the future. Vietnam is one of Next Eleven countries. For the most part of its history, the geographical boundary of present-day Vietnam covered 3 ethnically distinct states: a Vietnamese state, a Cham state, and a part of the Khmer Empire. The Vietnamese nation originated in the Red River Delta in present-day Northern Vietnam and expanded over its history to the current boundary. It went through a lot of name changes, with Văn Lang being used the longest. Below is a summary of names: Except the Hồng Bàng and Tây Sơn dynasties,

title: History of Vietnam

text: policies were characterized by political and economic experimentation that was similar to simultaneous reform agenda undertaken in the Soviet Union. Reflecting the spirit of political compromise, Vietnam phased out its re-education effort. The communist government stopped promoting agricultural and industrial cooperatives. Farmers were permitted to till private plots alongside state-owned land, and in 1990 the communist government passed a law encouraging the establishment of private businesses. After President Bill Clinton visited Vietnam in 2000, it virtually marked the new era of Vietnam. Vietnam has become an increasingly attractive destination of economic development. Throughout that time, Vietnam has played more significant

title: South Korea in the Vietnam War

text: servicemen who had fought in South Vietnam on South Korea's Memorial Day in 2017. Nevertheless reconciliation efforts from the government of South Korea have been undertaken with apologetic statements from President Kim Dae-Jung and Moon Jae-in. The Korean government refused to provide additional compensation for their war veterans by establishing a "no duplicate reward" in the Constitution. Korean victims of Agent Orange have also not received compensation from the Korean government. Since the government had taken most of the monthly salary of the servicemen, the compensation given to individual veterans was quite minimal. Despite the current economic revival in Korea,

title: Politburo of the Communist Party of Vietnam

text: leading officials within the state (again blurring the roles of party and state). The Politburo has the unofficial power to appoint members of the central government through the National Assembly of Vietnam. Because the National Assembly is dominated by the party, party leadership has considerable leverage in appointing members of the central government. However, even if the Politburo decides the appointment of officials, party members can oppose the nominees; the appointment of Đỗ Mười was opposed by the Club of Resistance Veterans, a group of reformist communist cadres. Politburo of the Communist Party of Vietnam The Political Bureau (Politburo) of

title: 1973 in the Vietnam War

text: agreement whether or not Thieu agreed. South Vietnamese President Thieu notified the U.S. government that he would sign the Paris Peace Accords on behalf of South Vietnam. Knowing that the peace agreement called for a cease fire in place, Thieu ordered his armed forces to regain as much territory as possible prior to the ceasefire agreement. South Vietnamese forces established forward posts in communist-controlled areas to bolster their claim to the surrounding land. This was the beginning of what was called the "land grab." Former U.S. president Lyndon B. Johnson, whose presidency was marred by the Vietnam War, died. President

title: People's Action Party of Vietnam

text: were detained by the government without trial for more than two years. People's Action Party of Vietnam The People's Action Party of Vietnam (PAP), (), is a Vietnamese exile anti-communist organization that is based in the United States. The organization is led by Chairman Nguyen Si Binh and Vice Chairman Dr. Nguyen Xuan Ngai. Founded in 1991, PAP's goals are to unite the people of Vietnam with a democratic government and reform government programs in education, health care, economy, and human rights. They established offices in Cambodia, but their officials were arrested and transferred to Vietnam for prosecution. They have

title: Voice of Vietnam

text: Voice of Vietnam The Voice of Vietnam (also Radio the Voice of Vietnam, Vietnamese: "Đài Tiếng nói Việt Nam") is the Vietnam national radio broadcaster. The first Vietnamese-language radio transmission was made on 2 September 1945, when the President Ho Chi Minh read out the Declaration of Independence. As of 2004, it was estimated that VOV programs reached more than 90% of all households in Vietnam. Prior to 1945, the Vietnamese were banned from owning radio receivers, and broadcasting was under control of the French colonial government, which established the first radio station in Vietnam, Radio Saigon, in the late

text: title ("Qu'est-ce que les Lumières?"). Foucault's essay reflected on the contemporary status of the project of enlightenment, inverting much of Kant's reasoning but concluding that enlightenment "still entails work on our limits." Answering the Question: What is Enlightenment? "Answering the Question: What Is Enlightenment?" () is a 1784 essay by the philosopher Immanuel Kant. In the December 1784 publication of the "Berlinische Monatsschrift" ("Berlin Monthly"), edited by Friedrich Gedike and Johann Erich Biester, Kant replied to the question posed a year earlier by the Reverend Johann Friedrich Zöllner, who was also an official in the Prussian government. Zöllner's question was

title: Vietnam News Agency

text: trustworthy information centre of the party and state, contributing to national construction, development and defence. • The VNA is the government’s official mouthpiece about domestic and international issues. It is entitled to announce the state’s official stance on current events and correct the information not suitable to the national interest or misinformation. When necessary, it is allowed to release statements refuting distortions. (Decree 88/2013/ND-CP dated 1 August 2013 by the Government on the functions and tasks of the Vietnam News Agency). • “Domestic press and media outlets must use the Vietnam News Agency’s official information in accordance with existing regulations”.

text: Answering the Question: What is Enlightenment? "Answering the Question: What Is Enlightenment?" () is a 1784 essay by the philosopher Immanuel Kant. In the December 1784 publication of the "Berlinische Monatsschrift" ("Berlin Monthly"), edited by Friedrich Gedike and Johann Erich Biester, Kant replied to the question posed a year earlier by the Reverend Johann Friedrich Zöllner, who was also an official in the Prussian government. Zöllner's question was addressed to a broad intellectual public community, in reply to Biester's essay entitled: "Proposal, not to engage the clergy any longer when marriages are conducted" (April 1783) and a number of leading

title: Judicial system of Vietnam

text: Judicial system of Vietnam The judicial system of Vietnam is governed under the Constitution of Vietnam, the Law on the Organization of People's Courts (2014), and the Law on the Organization of People's Procuracies (2014). Since Vietnam is a one-party socialist republic, the judiciary falls under the leadership of the Communist Party of Vietnam, and judges and procurators are all members of the Party. The judiciary is nominally accountable to the National Assembly of Vietnam, which is the highest institution of government power in the country. The judicial system of Vietnam comprises the "people's courts," military tribunals, and people's procuracies.