query: what did richard arkwright contribute to the industrial revolution?

title: Richard Arkwright

text: Richard Arkwright Sir Richard Arkwright (23 December 1732 – 3 August 1792) was an English inventor and a leading entrepreneur during the early Industrial Revolution. Although his patents were eventually overturned, he is credited with inventing the spinning frame, which following the transition to water power was renamed the water frame. He also patented a rotary carding engine that transformed raw cotton into cotton lap. Arkwright's achievement was to combine power, machinery, semi-skilled labour and the new raw material of cotton to create mass-produced yarn. His skills of organization made him, more than anyone else, the creator of the modern

title: Richard Arkwright

text: shifts per day including an overlap. Bells rang at 5 am and 5 pm and the gates were shut precisely at 6 am and 6 pm. Anyone who was late not only could not work that day but lost an extra day's pay. Richard Arkwright Sir Richard Arkwright (23 December 1732 – 3 August 1792) was an English inventor and a leading entrepreneur during the early Industrial Revolution. Although his patents were eventually overturned, he is credited with inventing the spinning frame, which following the transition to water power was renamed the water frame. He also patented a rotary carding

title: Richard Arkwright (1781–1832)

text: Richard Arkwright (1781–1832) Richard Arkwright (30 September 1781 – 28 March 1832) was an English politician. He was the oldest son of Richard Arkwright (died 1843) of Willersley Castle, Derbyshire, and grandson of the entrepreneur Sir Richard Arkwright (1732–1792), whose invention of the spinning frame and other industrial innovations made him very wealthy. Young Richard was educated at Eton and at Trinity College, Cambridge. He and his five brothers were endowed as landed gentry by their father, who gave Richard £30,000 on his marriage in 1803 (equivalent to £ in 2019). He managed his father's estates at Normanton Turville (near

title: Richard Arkwright (1781–1832)

text: Thurlaston, Leicestershire) and Sutton Scarsdale in Derbyshire. Living at Normanton Turville, he served as an officer in the yeomanry, and as Member of Parliament for Rye from 1813 to 1818, and from 1826 to 1830. Richard Arkwright (1781–1832) Richard Arkwright (30 September 1781 – 28 March 1832) was an English politician. He was the oldest son of Richard Arkwright (died 1843) of Willersley Castle, Derbyshire, and grandson of the entrepreneur Sir Richard Arkwright (1732–1792), whose invention of the spinning frame and other industrial innovations made him very wealthy. Young Richard was educated at Eton and at Trinity College, Cambridge. He

title: Textile manufacture during the British Industrial Revolution

text: credit the original invention to Thomas Highs. Industrial unrest forced Hargreaves to leave Blackburn, but more importantly for him, his unpatented idea was exploited by others. He finally patented it in 1770. As a result, there were over 20,000 spinning jennies in use (mainly unlicensed) by the time of his death. Richard Arkwright first spinning mill, Cromford Mill, Derbyshire, was built in 1771. It contained his invention the water frame. The water frame was developed from the spinning frame that Arkwright had developed with (a different) John Kay, from Warrington. The original design was again claimed by Thomas Highs: which

title: Richard Arkwright

text: 30,000 people were employed in 1785 in factories using Arkwright's patents. He died at Rock House, Cromford, on 3 August 1792, aged 59, leaving a fortune of £500,000. He was buried at St Giles' Church, Matlock. His remains were later moved to St Mary's Church, Cromford. The Arkwright Society, set up after the bicentenary of Cromford Mill, now owns the site and works to preserve the industrial heritage of the area. Arkwright had previously assisted Thomas Highs, who invented the spinning frame. Highs had been unable to patent or develop the idea due to lack of finance. Highswho was also

title: William Newton (poet)

text: thy lonely vale. Seward's poem is also an evocation of the wild moorland scarred by quarries and smoking lime kilns, among which he works unregarded like a second Chatterton. Newton was soon to contribute to the industrialisation of the area himself, for he went on to become the agent of Richard Arkwright, often called "father of the industrial revolution" for his invention of the spinning frame, at nearby Cressbrook Mill. He was dismissed by Arkwright in 1790 and Anna Seward came to his rescue with a financial loan, enabling him to invest in a new mill around this time. Later

title: Industrial Revolution

text: spinners. The jenny produced a lightly twisted yarn only suitable for weft, not warp. The spinning frame or water frame was developed by Richard Arkwright who, along with two partners, patented it in 1769. The design was partly based on a spinning machine built for Thomas High by clockmaker John Kay, who was hired by Arkwright. For each spindle the water frame used a series of four pairs of rollers, each operating at a successively higher rotating speed, to draw out the fibre, which was then twisted by the spindle. The roller spacing was slightly longer than the fibre length.

title: Richard Arkwright

text: causes. Arkwright later married Margaret Biggins in 1761 at the age of 29 years. They had three children, of whom only Susannah survived to adulthood. It was only after the death of his first wife that he became an entrepreneur. He became interested in spinning and carding machinery that turned raw cotton into thread. In 1768, he and John Kay, a clockmaker, briefly returned to Preston renting rooms in a house on Stoneygate, now known as Arkwright House, where they worked on a spinning machine. In 1769 Arkwright patented the spinning frame, which became known as the water-frame, a machine

title: Industrial Revolution

text: Lewis's invention was later developed and improved by Richard Arkwright in his water frame and Samuel Crompton in his spinning mule. In 1764 in the village of Stanhill, Lancashire, James Hargreaves invented the spinning jenny, which he patented in 1770. It was the first practical spinning frame with multiple spindles. The jenny worked in a similar manner to the spinning wheel, by first clamping down on the fibres, then by drawing them out, followed by twisting. It was a simple, wooden framed machine that only cost about £6 for a 40-spindle model in 1792, and was used mainly by home

title: What the Industrial Revolution Did for Us

text: idea and inventions of the Industrial Revolution that created the features of modern transportation. Cruickshank travels around Britain to introduce the idea and inventions of the Industrial Revolution that created the features of modern medicine. Cruickshank travels around Britain to introduce the idea and inventions of the Industrial Revolution that created the features of modern warfare. Cruickshank travels around Britain to introduce the idea and inventions of the Industrial Revolution that created the features of modern city life. What the Industrial Revolution Did for Us What the Industrial Revolution Did for Us is a BBC documentary series produced in conjunction

text: What the Industrial Revolution Did for Us What the Industrial Revolution Did for Us is a BBC documentary series produced in conjunction with the Open University that examines the impact of the Industrial Revolution on modern society. It was originally broadcast on BBC Two from 7 October to 11 November 2003. Cruickshank travels around Britain to introduce the idea and inventions of the Industrial Revolution that created the modern material world. Cruickshank travels around Britain to introduce the idea and inventions of the Industrial Revolution that created the features of modern working life. Cruickshank travels around Britain to introduce the

title: Richard Arkwright

text: the lease of the Birkacre mill at Chorley, a catalyst for the town's growth into one of the most important industrialised towns of the Industrial Revolution. In 1777 he leased the Haarlem Mill in Wirksworth, Derbyshire, where he installed the first steam engine to be used in a cotton mill, though this was used to replenish the millpond that drove the mill's waterwheel rather than to drive the machinery directly. Arkwright also created another factory, Masson Mill. It was made from red brick, which was expensive at the time. In the mid-1780s, Arkwright lost many of his patents when courts

title: Richard Arkwright

text: factory system, especially in his mill at Cromford, Derbyshire, now preserved as part of the Derwent Valley Mills World Heritage Site. Later in his life Arkwright was known as the "father of the modern industrial factory system." Richard Arkwright, the youngest of seven surviving children, was born in Preston, Lancashire, England on 23 December 1732. His father, Thomas, was a tailor and a Preston Guild burgess. The family is recorded in the Preston Guild Rolls now held by Lancashire Record Office. Richard's parents, Sarah and Thomas, could not afford to send him to school and instead arranged for him to

title: Richard Arkwright (barrister)

text: Richard Arkwright (barrister) Richard Arkwright (1835 – 14 November 1918) was an English barrister and Conservative Party politician. Arkwright was the second son of John Arkwright, of Hampton Court, Herefordshire, and the great-grandson of the cotton-spinning industrialist Sir Richard Arkwright. His brother, John Hungerford Arkwright, was Lord Lieutenant of Herefordshire, whose son John Stanhope Arkwright was also an MP. He was educated at Harrow and Trinity College, Cambridge, graduating in 1857. He was called to the bar from Lincoln's Inn in 1859 and in 1862 married Lady Mary Caroline Byng, a daughter of the Earl of Strafford. Arkwright was elected

title: Richard Arkwright junior

text: Richard Arkwright junior Richard Arkwright junior (19 December 1755 – 23 April 1843), the son of Sir Richard Arkwright of Cromford, Derbyshire, was the financier (creditor) of Samuel Oldknow of Marple and Mellor and a personal friend. His son Captain Arkwright married Francis Kemble, daughter of the theatre manager Stephen Kemble. Richard Arkwright junior was born in Bolton. His mother, Patience Holt, died when he was only a few months old, and his father, Sir Richard Arkwright, raised him on his own until he was six, then married Margaret Biggensin, with whom he had a daughter, Susan. The couple divorced

title: Richard Arkwright (barrister)

text: a mystery story with supernatural elements. In 1889, he published a second novel, "The Queen Anne’s Gate Mystery". This is a detective story with an aristocratic female detective Lady Geraldine accompanied by her husband, who is also the narrator. Richard Arkwright (barrister) Richard Arkwright (1835 – 14 November 1918) was an English barrister and Conservative Party politician. Arkwright was the second son of John Arkwright, of Hampton Court, Herefordshire, and the great-grandson of the cotton-spinning industrialist Sir Richard Arkwright. His brother, John Hungerford Arkwright, was Lord Lieutenant of Herefordshire, whose son John Stanhope Arkwright was also an MP. He was

title: Arkwright Society

text: There is also a Nottingham Arkwright Society based in the Nottingham Industrial Museum in the grounds of Wollaton Park. Arkwright Society The Arkwright Society is a registered charity engaged in the conservation of industrial monuments in Derbyshire, focusing on the water mills of Lumsdale, Ashford, Cromford and Slinter Wood. It is named after Richard Arkwright who founded the world's first successful water powered cotton spinning mill in Cromford in 1771. The society was founded after a festival in 1971 to commemorate the 200th anniversary of this feat. The society bought the site of Sir Richard Arkwright’s Cromford Mill in 1979

title: Richard Arkwright junior

text: a few years later, but Richard Arkwright senior tried to follow the education of his children. Sir Richard had earlier patented the water frame, a roller-spinning machine powered by water, that turned textile spinning into a factory industry and in so doing founded the factory system of manufacture. Richard Arkwright junior followed in his father's footsteps, and he developed the factory system even further. He was an outstanding organiser of labour and machinery processing, ambitious, forceful and persevering. The wealth of Arkwright, much greater than that of his father, was not only due to the textile industry. After his father

title: What Richard Did

text: What Richard Did What Richard Did is a 2012 Irish film directed by Lenny Abrahamson and written by Malcolm Campbell. The film is loosely based on Kevin Power's "Bad Day in Blackrock", a fictionalised novel inspired by the real-life death of Brian Murphy in 2000. It won the best Irish film of the year award at the 10th Irish Film & Television Awards and was the most commercially successful Irish film of 2012. It has screened at the 2012 Toronto International Film Festival and the BFI London Film Festival and was selected to screen at the Tribeca Film Festival in

title: Richard Arkwright

text: that produced a strong twist for warps, substituting wooden and metal cylinders for human fingers. This made possible inexpensive cotton-spinning. Lewis Paul had invented a machine for carding in 1748. Richard Arkwright made improvements to this machine and in 1775 took out a patent for a new carding engine, which converted raw cotton buds into a continuous skein of cotton fibres which could then be spun into yarn. Arkwright and John Smalley set up a small horse-driven factory at Nottingham. Needing more capital to expand, Arkwright partnered with Jedediah Strutt and Samuel Need, wealthy hosiery manufacturers, who were nonconformists. In

title: Arkwright Society

text: Arkwright Society The Arkwright Society is a registered charity engaged in the conservation of industrial monuments in Derbyshire, focusing on the water mills of Lumsdale, Ashford, Cromford and Slinter Wood. It is named after Richard Arkwright who founded the world's first successful water powered cotton spinning mill in Cromford in 1771. The society was founded after a festival in 1971 to commemorate the 200th anniversary of this feat. The society bought the site of Sir Richard Arkwright’s Cromford Mill in 1979 and have since restored its Grade 1 listed buildings. The work has cost four million pounds to date and

title: Richard Arkwright

text: be taught to read and write by his cousin Ellen. Richard was apprenticed to a Mr Nicholson, a barber at nearby Kirkham, and began his working life as a barber and wig-maker, setting up a shop at Churchgate in Bolton in the early 1750s. It was here that he invented a waterproof dye for use on the fashionable periwigs of the time, the income from which later funded his prototype cotton machinery. Arkwright married his first wife, Patience Holt, in 1755. They had a son, Richard Arkwright Junior, who was born the same year. In 1756, Patience died of unspecified

title: What Richard Did

text: Festival in Turkey. The film was released on DVD in Ireland on 8 February 2013. What Richard Did What Richard Did is a 2012 Irish film directed by Lenny Abrahamson and written by Malcolm Campbell. The film is loosely based on Kevin Power's "Bad Day in Blackrock", a fictionalised novel inspired by the real-life death of Brian Murphy in 2000. It won the best Irish film of the year award at the 10th Irish Film & Television Awards and was the most commercially successful Irish film of 2012. It has screened at the 2012 Toronto International Film Festival and the

title: Industrial Age

text: single spinning wheel, and Richard Arkwright made it driven by water. Later Arkwright opened a spinning mill which marked the beginning of the factory system. In 1785 Edmund Cartwright invented a loom which was powered by water. In 1712 Thomas Newcomen produced the first successful steam engine, and in 1769 James Watt patented the modern steam engine. As a result, steam replaced water as industry's major power source. The steam engine allowed for steamboats and the locomotives, which made transportation much faster. By the mid-19th century the Industrial Revolution had spread to Continental Europe and North America, and since then

text: he purposed he had patented in 1769. Arkwright used waterwheels to power the textile machinery. His initial attempts at driving the frame had used horse power, but a mill needed far more power. Using a waterwheel demanded a location with a ready supply of water, hence the mill at Cromford. This mill is preserved as part of the Derwent Valley Mills Arkwright generated jobs and constructed accommodation for his workers which he moved into the area. This led to a sizeable industrial community. Arkwright protected his investment from industrial rivals and potentially disruptive workers. This model worked and he expanded

title: Arkwright House, Preston

text: the Industrial Revolution. The house was extended in the 19th century. A photograph taken in 1946 shows it with an inscription reading "ARKWRIGHT ARMS HOSTEL". The house was altered and renovated in about 1979.The current owners are Age Concern Central Lancashire who support and deliver services to older people in and around Lancashire. Arkwright House is built in brick, and has a partly stuccoed façade and a slate roof. It is in early Georgian style, and has an L-shaped plan consisting of a front range, a rear wing, and the 19th-century extension to the right. The house is in three

title: Arkwright Mill, Rochdale

text: service was provided by Manchester and Leeds Railway from 1839. It was amalgamated into the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway in 1847, and lines ran to Bury, Burnley, Oldham, Manchester and Leeds. Arkwright Mill was built in Wardleworth on flat land adjacent to Dale Mill and the River Roch, northeast of the town head. Rochdale rose to prominence during the 19th century as a major mill town and centre for textile manufacture during the Industrial Revolution. It was a boomtown of the Industrial Revolution, and amongst the first ever industrialised towns. The Rochdale Canal—one of the major navigable broad canals of

title: What Richard Did

text: Unlike Abrahamson's previous two films, the screenplay for "What Richard Did" was not written by Mark O'Halloran but by Malcolm Campbell. The details of the plot deviate significantly from the source novel. The director worked with the cast for a full year in advance of production while script development was ongoing, holding a series of workshops in an effort to make successive drafts more reflective of contemporary Irish youth culture. Shot on location in Dublin and Wicklow, the film was financed by the Irish Film Board and Screen Scene, and was produced by Element Pictures. At the request of Kevin

title: What Richard Did

text: Power, author of the book that was the source material for the movie, the university scenes at the end of the film were shot at University College Dublin. Reviews for "What Richard Did" were overwhelmingly positive. The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reported a 93% approval rating with an average rating of 7.6/10 based on 30 reviews. On the review aggregator Metacritic, the film has a score of 80 out of 100, based on 13 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews". Peter Bradshaw, writing in "The Guardian", called the film slow-burning and disturbing. "Abrahamson shows that whatever the failings and weaknesses

title: What Richard Did

text: of the young, it is their elders who insist on wriggling away from blame. "What Richard Did" is an engrossing and intelligent drama that throbs in the mind for hours after the final credits". In February 2013, the film picked up five awards at the 10th Irish Film & Television Awards including the award for Best Film. Jack Reynor won for Actor Lead Film whilst Lenny Abrahamson and Malcolm Campbell picked up awards for Best Director and Script with Nathan Nugent winning for Editing Film. In May 2013, It won the Golden Tulip (best movie) at The Istanbul International Film

title: Industrial Revolution

text: Revolution, living standards for the majority of the population did not grow meaningfully until the late 19th and 20th centuries, and that in many ways workers' living standards declined under early capitalism: for instance, studies have shown that real wages in Britain only increased 15% between the 1780s and 1850s, and that life expectancy in Britain did not begin to dramatically increase until the 1870s. Similarly, the average height of the population declined during the Industrial Revolution, implying that their nutritional status was also decreasing. Real wages were not keeping up with the price of food. During the Industrial Revolution,

title: Richard Arkwright junior

text: two works illustrate the difference in wealth between the two generations. The father is sitting on an ordinary chair, behind his invention, the source of his new social status, whereas the other painting represents Richard junior, with his wife Mary and daughter Anne, all dressed in expensive clothes to the latest fashion with a view of the park of the family estate. The painting of Richard junior and his family, painted in 1790, was intended as a pendant to Wright's portrait of Sir Richard, and was thought the best of the four paintings which hung in the Arkwright family estate

title: What Richard Did

text: three agree to keep the incident a secret, no-one else (apart from Lara) being directly aware of their involvement. Lara reassures Richard that she lied to Garda investigators to protect Richard, telling them that she had left the party with Richard before the brawl broke out. Richard attends a Garda station and gives a false statement to this effect. He tells the truth to his father, Peter (Lars Mikkelsen), who is distraught and tells him to stay alone at the family's beach house; while there, Richard breaks down in panic over what has happened. A few days later, Peter has

title: Industrial Revolution

text: a woman two months to process. These advances were capitalised on by entrepreneurs, of whom the best known is Richard Arkwright. He is credited with a list of inventions, but these were actually developed by such people as Thomas Highs and John Kay; Arkwright nurtured the inventors, patented the ideas, financed the initiatives, and protected the machines. He created the cotton mill which brought the production processes together in a factory, and he developed the use of power – first horse power and then water powerwhich made cotton manufacture a mechanised industry. Other inventors increased the efficiency of the individual

title: Industrial Revolution

text: In particular, average income and population began to exhibit unprecedented sustained growth. Some economists say that the major impact of the Industrial Revolution was that the standard of living for the general population began to increase consistently for the first time in history, although others have said that it did not begin to meaningfully improve until the late 19th and 20th centuries. GDP per capita was broadly stable before the Industrial Revolution and the emergence of the modern capitalist economy, while the Industrial Revolution began an era of per-capita economic growth in capitalist economies. Economic historians are in agreement that

title: John Arkwright (politician)

text: Gerald Balfour, President of the Board of Trade. He was the author of the hymn 'O Valiant Hearts' written to honour the war dead of World War I. In 1934 he was knighted and made an Honorary Freeman of the City of Hereford. John Arkwright (politician) Sir John Stanhope Arkwright (10 July 1872 – 19 September 1954) was a British Conservative Party politician. Born in London, he was the great-great grandson of the cotton-spinning industrialist Sir Richard Arkwright and the son of John Hungerford Arkwright. His uncle, Richard Arkwright, was Member of Parliament (MP) for Leominster. In 1910, he sold

title: John Arkwright (politician)

text: John Arkwright (politician) Sir John Stanhope Arkwright (10 July 1872 – 19 September 1954) was a British Conservative Party politician. Born in London, he was the great-great grandson of the cotton-spinning industrialist Sir Richard Arkwright and the son of John Hungerford Arkwright. His uncle, Richard Arkwright, was Member of Parliament (MP) for Leominster. In 1910, he sold his family home, Hampton Court, near Leominster and purchased Kinsham Court. At the 1900 general election he was elected as MP for Hereford, a position he served in until his resignation in 1912. In April 1902 he was appointed private secretary (unpaid) to

title: John Hungerford Arkwright

text: death, in 1858. Arkwright also served as a Justice of the Peace. He died on 25 May 1905. When the Leominster market hall, Grange Court, was dismantled and stored in the mid-1850s, Arkwright purchased it at auction, then offered the building to the council if they would re-erect it. When they refused, he moved the building himself and rebuilt it near the priory church in 1859. Subsequently acquired by compulsory purchase, the building remains in local government use. Arkwright was the great-grandson of the cotton-spinning industrialist Sir Richard Arkwright. His younger brother was Richard Arkwright, a barrister and Member of

title: Richard Arkwright

text: give him monopoly power over the fast-growing industry, but Lancashire opinion was bitterly hostile to exclusive patents; in 1781 Arkwright tried and failed to uphold his monopolistic 1775 patent. The case dragged on in court for years but was finally settled against him in 1785, on the grounds that his specifications were deficient and that he had borrowed his ideas from Leigh reed-maker Thomas Highs. The story is that clock-maker Kay, who had been commissioned by Highs to make a working metal model of Highs's invention, had given the design to Arkwright, who formed a partnership with him. Arkwright moved

title: Richard Arkwright

text: 1788 lands in Willersley, the vendor on both occasions being Peter Nightingale, the great-uncle of Florence Nightingale. Arkwright encouraged weavers with large families to move to Cromford. Whole families were employed, with large numbers of children from the age of seven, although this was increased to ten by the time Richard handed the business over to his son; However, towards the end of his tenure, nearly two-thirds of Arkwright's 1,150 employees were children. He allowed employees a week's holiday a year, but on condition that they could not leave the village. He returned to his home county and took up

text: machine. A coat of wire slips were placed around a card which was then wrapped around a cylinder. Lewis's invention was later developed and improved by Richard Arkwright and Samuel Crompton, although this came about under great suspicion after a fire at Daniel Bourn's factory in Leominster which specifically used Paul and Wyatt's spindles. Bourn produced a similar patent in the same year. 1758: Paul and Wyatt based in Birmingham improved their roller spinning machine and took out a second patent. Richard Arkwright later used this as the model for his water frame. The Duke of Bridgewater's canal connected Manchester

title: Steam power during the Industrial Revolution

text: Steam power during the Industrial Revolution Improvements to the steam engine were some of the most important technologies of the Industrial Revolution, although steam did not replace water power in importance in Britain until after the Industrial Revolution. From Englishman Thomas Newcomen's atmospheric engine, of 1712, through major developments by Scottish inventor and mechanical engineer James Watt, the steam engine began to be used in many industrial settings, not just in mining, where the first engines had been used to pump water from deep workings. Early mills had run successfully with water power, but by using a steam engine a

text: wagon. Railroad tracks, which were already in use in mines and various other situations, became the new means of transportation after the first locomotive was invented. Steam power during the Industrial Revolution Improvements to the steam engine were some of the most important technologies of the Industrial Revolution, although steam did not replace water power in importance in Britain until after the Industrial Revolution. From Englishman Thomas Newcomen's atmospheric engine, of 1712, through major developments by Scottish inventor and mechanical engineer James Watt, the steam engine began to be used in many industrial settings, not just in mining, where the

title: Henry Arkwright

text: Henry Arkwright Henry Arkwright (16 December 1837 – 13 October 1866) was an English amateur first-class cricketer. He made seventeen appearances between 1858 and 1866. He is one of only three cricketers to have taken 18 first-class wickets in a match. Henry Arkwright was born in Hampton Court Castle, Herefordshire, the fourth son of John Arkwright, and the great-grandson of Sir Richard Arkwright. He was educated at Harrow School, and played in the school cricket team for three years, from 1855 to 1857. He twice played in the annual match against Eton, claiming nine wickets in an innings victory in

title: Augustus Arkwright

text: Augustus Arkwright Augustus Peter Arkwright (6 March 1821 – 6 October 1887) was a Royal Navy officer and a Conservative Party politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1868 to 1880. Arkwright was the seventh son of Peter Arkwright J.P. of Hock Houses near Matlock, and his wife Mary Anne Hurt, daughter of Charles Hurt. He was the grandson of Richard Arkwright Junior. Between 1829 and 1832, he was educated at Seaforth near Liverpool and in 1833 at the age of 12 went to Portsmouth Naval College. He left there in June 1835 and joined HMS "Barham" at

title: Augustus Arkwright

text: Agra Bank Limited. He was elected at the 1868 general election as one of the two Members of Parliament (MPs) for North Derbyshire, and held the seat until his defeat at the 1880 general election. Augustus Arkwright Augustus Peter Arkwright (6 March 1821 – 6 October 1887) was a Royal Navy officer and a Conservative Party politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1868 to 1880. Arkwright was the seventh son of Peter Arkwright J.P. of Hock Houses near Matlock, and his wife Mary Anne Hurt, daughter of Charles Hurt. He was the grandson of Richard Arkwright Junior.

title: George Arkwright

text: a by-election in February 1842. George Arkwright George Arkwright (20 August 1807 – 5 February 1856, Piccadilly) was an English Conservative Party politician. He was a Member of Parliament (MP) for Leominster from 1842 until his death in 1856. Arkwright was born in Bakewell, Derbyshire, the great-grandson of Sir Richard Arkwright. He was educated at Eton and Trinity College, Cambridge, receiving his B.A. in 1830 and his M.A. in 1833. He was called to the bar from Lincoln's Inn in 1833. At the 1837 general election Arkwright stood unsuccessfully for a seat in Parliament from Northern Derbyshire, but he was

title: George Arkwright

text: George Arkwright George Arkwright (20 August 1807 – 5 February 1856, Piccadilly) was an English Conservative Party politician. He was a Member of Parliament (MP) for Leominster from 1842 until his death in 1856. Arkwright was born in Bakewell, Derbyshire, the great-grandson of Sir Richard Arkwright. He was educated at Eton and Trinity College, Cambridge, receiving his B.A. in 1830 and his M.A. in 1833. He was called to the bar from Lincoln's Inn in 1833. At the 1837 general election Arkwright stood unsuccessfully for a seat in Parliament from Northern Derbyshire, but he was elected unopposed in Leominster at

title: Arkwright, New York

text: Arkwright, New York Arkwright is a town in Chautauqua County, New York, in the United States. As of the 2010 census, the town population was 1,061. The town is named after Richard Arkwright, the inventor of a spinning device. Arkwright is in the northeast quadrant of Chautauqua County and is southeast of the city of Dunkirk. Settlement began around 1807. The town of Arkwright was established in 1829 from the towns of Villenova and Pomfret. Dairy farms and cheesemaking were important in the early economy. Arkwright was one of the first towns in New York to form a cheese cooperative.

title: Industrial Revolution

text: known as the Antebellum Puzzle. Food supply in Great Britain was adversely affected by the Corn Laws (1815-1846). The Corn Laws, which imposed tariffs on imported grain, were enacted to keep prices high in order to benefit domestic producers. The Corn Laws were repealed in the early years of the Great Irish Famine. The initial technologies of the Industrial Revolution, such as mechanized textiles, iron and coal, did little, if anything, to lower food prices. In Britain and the Netherlands, food supply increased before the Industrial Revolution due to better agricultural practices; however, population grew too, as noted by Thomas

title: Industrial Revolution

text: Blake and poets William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, John Keats, Lord Byron and Percy Bysshe Shelley. The movement stressed the importance of "nature" in art and language, in contrast to "monstrous" machines and factories; the "Dark satanic mills" of Blake's poem "And did those feet in ancient time". Mary Shelley's novel "Frankenstein" reflected concerns that scientific progress might be two-edged. French Romanticism likewise was highly critical of industry. Industrial Revolution The Industrial Revolution was the transition to new manufacturing processes in the period from about 1760 to sometime between 1820 and 1840. This transition included going from hand production methods

title: Francis Arkwright (politician)

text: live in England in 1906 and Arkwright died in 1915 at Bournemouth. Arkwright owned several notable houses in both England and New Zealand. Of these, Overton in Marton is the most notable and is registered as Category I with the New Zealand Historic Places Trust. Arkwright was born in 1846 and baptised on 13 April of that year in Mayfield, East Sussex, England. His parents were The Reverend Godfrey Harry Arkwright (c. 1815–1866) and Frances Rafela Fitzherbert Arkwright (1823–1849). Richard Arkwright was his great-grandfather, and Sir William Fitzherbert, 1st Baronet was a maternal great-grandfather. His brother William Harry was born

title: Knowledge Revolution

text: that the movement is characterized by a dispersion of power and by managers who lead by empowering knowledge workers to contribute and make decisions. From a societal perspective, John Seely Brown asks a number of key questions, including who will control the keys to the digital domain? Who will be the trusted intermediary in the marketplace? How transparent will their mediation be? What standards will be used for accountability? Thomas A. Stewart points out that just as the industrial revolution did not end agriculture because people have to eat, this revolution will not end industry because we still need physical

title: Richard Arkwright junior

text: dining room at Willersley Castle. This painting was on loan and in the collection of Derby Museum and Art Gallery, where it was exhibited next to the one representing his father. The painting was sold at Sotheby's on 29 November 2001. In 2003, the painting was to be moved to the United States but the Derby Museum launched a petition to keep it in its home country. It is a cornerstone to the society. The Arkwright Society, also concerned about the loss of the painting, took an active part in this campaign and the picture eventually remained in England. Richard

title: Richard Arkwright junior

text: company and financed local lords, contractors and governmental plans: like his father, he financed important works in the public transportation sector and railways, including the Cromford Canal. At his death his fortune amounted to over three million pounds, which made him the richest British man from the bourgeoisie. Arkwright was the High Sheriff of Derbyshire in 1801. His son Richard (1781–1832) was a member of parliament (MP) for Rye from 1813 to 1818, and again from 1826 to 1830. Joseph Wright of Derby painted portraits of the father and son, the latter along with the rest of the family. These

title: Industrial Revolution

text: half of the Walloon population in this region. Nevertheless, industrialisation remained quite traditional in the sense that it did not lead to the growth of modern and large urban centres, but to a conurbation of industrial villages and towns developed around a coal-mine or a factory. Communication routes between these small centres only became populated later and created a much less dense urban morphology than, for instance, the area around Liège where the old town was there to direct migratory flows. The industrial revolution in France followed a particular course as it did not correspond to the main model followed

title: Richard Arkwright

text: very little training was required of his operatives, and it produced a strong yarn suitable for the warp of the cloth. Samuel Crompton was later to combine the two to form the spinning mule. In 1776 Arkwright built a second, larger mill at Cromford and, soon after, mills at Bakewell and Wirksworth. He was invited to Scotland where he helped David Dale establish the cotton mills at New Lanark. A large new mill at Birkacre, Lancashire, was destroyed, however, in the anti-machinery riots in 1779. Arkwright in 1775 obtained for a grand patent covering many processes that he hoped would

title: Anthony Arkwright

text: Anthony Arkwright Anthony Arkwright is a convicted British spree killer, who, over the course of 56 hours in August 1988, murdered three people in Wath-upon-Dearne, South Yorkshire. Arkwright is also suspected of murdering a fourth person during his killing spree, the charge of which Arkwright's trial judge ordered to be laid on his file. Arkwright was 21 years old at the time of the killings and was 22 when he was convicted. He is currently serving a whole life tariff. Anthony Arkwright was born in the mining community of Wath-upon-Dearne in what was the historic county of West Riding. He

title: Arkwright Scholarships

text: Trust is named after the famed 18th Century engineer Sir Richard Arkwright, inventor of the water frame and the 'father' of the modern factory system. The Trust was founded in 1991 and became a registered charity in England and Wales in 1993 under the name "Arkwright Scholarship Trust". It was re-registered as the "Arkwright Scholarships Trust" in 2002. It shares premises with The Smallpeice Trust in Leamington Spa, England. The Trust was led from 1991 to 2001 by Mr Tony Pickering, former Head Teacher of Pocklington School. From 2001 to 2011 the Trust was led by Mrs Linda Scott OBE

title: Industrial Revolution

text: Industrial Revolution The Industrial Revolution was the transition to new manufacturing processes in the period from about 1760 to sometime between 1820 and 1840. This transition included going from hand production methods to machines, new chemical manufacturing and iron production processes, the increasing use of steam power, the development of machine tools and the rise of the factory system. The Industrial Revolution also led to an unprecedented rise in the rate of population growth. Textiles were the dominant industry of the Industrial Revolution in terms of employment, value of output and capital invested. The textile industry was also the first

title: Industrial Revolution

text: the onset of the Industrial Revolution is the most important event in the history of humanity since the domestication of animals and plants. Although the structural change from agriculture to industry is widely associated with Industrial Revolution, in United Kingdom it was already almost complete by 1760. The precise start and end of the Industrial Revolution is still debated among historians, as is the pace of economic and social changes. Eric Hobsbawm held that the Industrial Revolution began in Britain in the 1780s and was not fully felt until the 1830s or 1840s, while T. S. Ashton held that it

title: Arkwright, New York

text: was $41,974, and the median income for a family was $45,294. Males had a median income of $33,313 versus $25,000 for females. The per capita income for the town was $18,802. About 6.7% of families and 8.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 13.9% of those under age 18 and 3.2% of those age 65 or over. Arkwright, New York Arkwright is a town in Chautauqua County, New York, in the United States. As of the 2010 census, the town population was 1,061. The town is named after Richard Arkwright, the inventor of a spinning device. Arkwright

title: Makers: The New Industrial Revolution

text: Makers: The New Industrial Revolution Makers: The New Industrial Revolution is the third book written by Chris Anderson, Editor in chief of "Wired" magazine. The book was published on October 2, 2012, by Crown Business. He is also the author of "The Long Tail", published in 2006. "Makers" focuses on a new industrial revolution as modern entrepreneurs, using open source design and 3-D printing, bring manufacturing to the desktop. The book is largely based on his 2010 article, "In the Next Industrial Revolution, Atoms Are the New Bits". The ideas he portrayed, such as crowdsourcing of ideas, utilization of available

title: The Third Industrial Revolution

text: Jeremy Rifkin. The Third Industrial Revolution The Third Industrial Revolution; How Lateral Power is Transforming Energy, the Economy, and the World is a book by Jeremy Rifkin published in 2011. The premise of the book is that fundamental economic change occurs when new communication technologies converge with new energy regimes, mainly, renewable electricity. The Sharing economy is also explored as a crucial element of the Third Industrial Revolution. The book has been on the "New York Times" Best Seller List and . Rifkin has been interviewed on NPR. In 2017 a documentary based on the book was released by Vice

title: The Third Industrial Revolution

text: The Third Industrial Revolution The Third Industrial Revolution; How Lateral Power is Transforming Energy, the Economy, and the World is a book by Jeremy Rifkin published in 2011. The premise of the book is that fundamental economic change occurs when new communication technologies converge with new energy regimes, mainly, renewable electricity. The Sharing economy is also explored as a crucial element of the Third Industrial Revolution. The book has been on the "New York Times" Best Seller List and . Rifkin has been interviewed on NPR. In 2017 a documentary based on the book was released by Vice Media starring

title: Industrial Revolution

text: common by the late 1830s, as in Jérôme-Adolphe Blanqui's description in 1837 of "la révolution industrielle". Friedrich Engels in "The Condition of the Working Class in England" in 1844 spoke of "an industrial revolution, a revolution which at the same time changed the whole of civil society". However, although Engels wrote in the 1840s, his book was not translated into English until the late 1800s, and his expression did not enter everyday language until then. Credit for popularising the term may be given to Arnold Toynbee, whose 1881 lectures gave a detailed account of the term. Some historians, such as

title: Arkwright House, Preston

text: 1768 Richard Arkwright was a lodger in the house. Arkwright was obsessed with the idea of creating a machine to spin yarn mechanically. During the time he was living in the house he worked with Thomas Highs and John Kay to develop a machine to do this. Their work was carried out in secrecy, the landlord thinking that they were working on a machine to measure the longitude. However it resulted in a machine known as the water frame, and this was patented in 1769. The historian David Hunt argues that this makes Arkwright House one of the birthplaces of

title: Industrial Revolution

text: believed by academic historians that technological innovation was the heart of the Industrial Revolution and the key enabling technology was the invention and improvement of the steam engine. However, recent research into the Marketing Era has challenged the traditional, supply-oriented interpretation of the Industrial Revolution. Lewis Mumford has proposed that the Industrial Revolution had its origins in the Early Middle Ages, much earlier than most estimates. He explains that the model for standardised mass production was the printing press and that "the archetypal model for the industrial era was the clock". He also cites the monastic emphasis on order and

title: Second Industrial Revolution

text: Second Industrial Revolution The Second Industrial Revolution, also known as the Technological Revolution, was a phase of rapid industrialization in the final third of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th. The First Industrial Revolution, which ended in the early to mid 1800s, was punctuated by a slowdown in macroinventions before the Second Industrial Revolution in 1870. Though a number of its characteristic events can be traced to earlier innovations in manufacturing, such as the establishment of a machine tool industry, the development of methods for manufacturing interchangeable parts and the invention of the Bessemer Process to produce

title: Second Industrial Revolution

text: majority of today's modern manufacturing processes obsolete, transforming all facets of the modern economy. Second Industrial Revolution The Second Industrial Revolution, also known as the Technological Revolution, was a phase of rapid industrialization in the final third of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th. The First Industrial Revolution, which ended in the early to mid 1800s, was punctuated by a slowdown in macroinventions before the Second Industrial Revolution in 1870. Though a number of its characteristic events can be traced to earlier innovations in manufacturing, such as the establishment of a machine tool industry, the development of

title: Arkwright House, Preston

text: Arkwright House, Preston Arkwright House is in Stoneygate, Preston, Lancashire, England. The house was built in 1728, and was later expanded and restored. It is notable as the place in which Richard Arkwright and colleagues worked in 1768 to develop the water frame, a machine for spinning yarn. The house is an example of Georgian architecture, and is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II* listed building. The house was built in 1728. It was the home of Revd Ellis Henry, who was the headmaster of the Free Grammar School in Stoneygate, and in

title: Fourth Industrial Revolution

text: human communication and conflict resolution. The phrase 'fourth industrial revolution' was first coined by Schwab in 2016, and introduced the same year at the World Economic Forum. Fourth Industrial Revolution The Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) is the fourth major industrial era since the initial Industrial Revolution of the 18th century. It is characterized by a fusion of technologies that is blurring the lines between the physical, digital, and biological spheres, collectively referred to as cyber-physical systems. It is marked by emerging technology breakthroughs in a number of fields, including robotics, artificial intelligence, nanotechnology, quantum computing, biotechnology, the Internet of Things,

title: Anthony Arkwright

text: to arrest him for burgling from Ford's flat, completely unaware that Ford lay dead next door. After being interviewed for three hours and then released on police bail for a court appearance the following week, Arkwright went out on another drinking session. Arkwright was amazed at being a murderer allowed to walk free from a police station and in the early morning of 28 August, he entered the specially adapted bungalow belonging to his other next-door neighbour, Marcus Law. Law, who was 25 at the time, was in a wheelchair after a motorcycling accident and, in what Arkwright would describe

title: Richard Arkwright (barrister)

text: as Member of Parliament (MP) for Leominster at an unopposed by-election in February 1866, and stated that his position was not to oppose every change, but that he was against any 'great organic changes being made in matters connected with Church or State'. He held the seat until he resigned from the House of Commons on 8 February 1876. At the resulting by-election, the Leominster seat was gained by a Liberal. After retiring from parliament, Arkwright was appointed a Deputy Lieutenant for Herefordshire. In 1886, Arkwright published "Driven Home: A Tale of Destiny" under the pseudonym Evelyn Owen. It is

title: Industrial Revolution

text: to use modern production methods. The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain, and many of the technological innovations were of British origin. By the mid-18th century Britain was the world's leading commercial nation, controlling a global trading empire with colonies in North America and the Caribbean, and with some political influence on the Indian subcontinent, through the activities of the East India Company. The development of trade and the rise of business were major causes of the Industrial Revolution. The Industrial Revolution marks a major turning point in history; almost every aspect of daily life was influenced in some way.

title: Industrial Revolution

text: technological development. However, monopolies bring with them their own inefficiencies which may counterbalance, or even overbalance, the beneficial effects of publicising ingenuity and rewarding inventors. Watt's monopoly prevented other inventors, such as Richard Trevithick, William Murdoch, or Jonathan Hornblower, whom Boulton and Watt sued, from introducing improved steam engines, thereby retarding the spread of steam power. One question of active interest to historians is why the Industrial Revolution occurred in Europe and not in other parts of the world in the 18th century, particularly China, India, and the Middle East (which pioneered in shipbuilding, textile production, water mills, and much

title: What Richard Did

text: jealous of Lara's ongoing platonic friendship with Conor and, when Richard is barred from re-entering the house while the two remain inside, tensions rise. Conor throws a punch at Richard, at which point two mutual friends, Cian (Fionn Walton) and Stephen (Gavin Drea), step in to defend Richard and deliver several blows to Conor, with Richard kicking him in the head. The group go home, leaving Conor to stagger back towards the party. The next morning, Richard is shocked to learn that Conor was later found dead outside the house. Horrified, he meets up with Cian and Stephen, and the

title: Makers: The New Industrial Revolution

text: lower-cost design and manufacturing tools, and reviewing options to outsource capital-intensive manufacturing were highlighted in the February 2010 "Harvard Business Review" article, "From Do It Yourself to Do It Together". Makers: The New Industrial Revolution Makers: The New Industrial Revolution is the third book written by Chris Anderson, Editor in chief of "Wired" magazine. The book was published on October 2, 2012, by Crown Business. He is also the author of "The Long Tail", published in 2006. "Makers" focuses on a new industrial revolution as modern entrepreneurs, using open source design and 3-D printing, bring manufacturing to the desktop. The

title: Fourth Industrial Revolution

text: and used electric power to create mass production. Major technological advances during this period included the telephone, light bulb, phonograph and the internal combustion engine. The Third Industrial Revolution, or the Digital Revolution, refers to the advancement of technology from analog electronic and mechanical devices to the digital technology available today. The era started during the 1980s and is ongoing. Advancements during the Third Industrial Revolution include the personal computer, the internet, and information and communications technology (ICT) The Fourth Industrial Revolution builds on the Digital Revolution, representing new ways in which technology becomes embedded within societies and even the

title: Industrial Revolution

text: Industrial Revolution, although "infant" mortality rates were reduced markedly. There was still limited opportunity for education and children were expected to work. Employers could pay a child less than an adult even though their productivity was comparable; there was no need for strength to operate an industrial machine, and since the industrial system was completely new, there were no experienced adult labourers. This made child labour the labour of choice for manufacturing in the early phases of the Industrial Revolution between the 18th and 19th centuries. In England and Scotland in 1788, two-thirds of the workers in 143 water-powered cotton

title: Fourth Industrial Revolution

text: Fourth Industrial Revolution The Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) is the fourth major industrial era since the initial Industrial Revolution of the 18th century. It is characterized by a fusion of technologies that is blurring the lines between the physical, digital, and biological spheres, collectively referred to as cyber-physical systems. It is marked by emerging technology breakthroughs in a number of fields, including robotics, artificial intelligence, nanotechnology, quantum computing, biotechnology, the Internet of Things, the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), fifth-generation wireless technologies (5G), additive manufacturing/3D printing and fully autonomous vehicles. Klaus Schwab, the executive chairman of the World Economic Forum,

title: Industrial Revolution in the United States

text: increasing trade efficiency and output, while allowing for an extensive transport base for the U.S. to grow from in the Second Industrial Revolution. Industrial Revolution in the United States The Industrial Revolution involved a shift in the United States from manual labor-based industry to more technical and machine-based manufacturing which greatly increased the overall production and economic growth of the United States, signifying a shift from an agrarian to an industrial economy widely accepted to have been a result of Samuel Slater's introduction of British Industrial methods in textile manufacturing to the United States, and necessitated by the War of

title: What Did I Do to Deserve This, My Lord?

text: the name was changed again to "What Did I Do To Deserve This, My Lord!?", to avoid infringing upon the Batman IP. A third game, "No Heroes Allowed!" was released in late 2010. With the exception of Japan, "Holy Invasion Of Privacy, Badman! What Did I Do To Deserve This?" received average reviews. ""Holy Invasion of Privacy, Badman!" is an extremely quirky, challenging title that has a few frustrating elements that keep it from being a stellar downloadable," IGN said about the game. Game Revolution gave the game a C-, stating, "A weird and unique freak of nature amongst the

title: Industrial Revolution

text: and cotton weft. Flax was used for the warp because wheel-spun cotton did not have sufficient strength, but the resulting blend was not as soft as 100% cotton and was more difficult to sew. On the eve of the Industrial Revolution, spinning and weaving were done in households, for domestic consumption and as a cottage industry under the putting-out system. Occasionally the work was done in the workshop of a master weaver. Under the putting-out system, home-based workers produced under contract to merchant sellers, who often supplied the raw materials. In the off season the women, typically farmers' wives, did

title: What Richard Did

text: New York in April 2013. Richard Karlsen (Jack Reynor) is the well-mannered, intelligent, and undisputed alpha-male of his privileged set of teenagers in Dublin's Southside, having been a schoolboy rugby player for the Raglan Hall Senior Cup team. Most of the group have just left secondary school, and they are enjoying their last summer before university. Richard becomes romantically interested in Lara Hogan (Róisín Murphy), a girl whose boyfriend is Conor Harris (Sam Keeley), one of Richard's teammates. Richard gradually woos her away, souring his relationship with Conor. Things come to a head during a late-night house party: Richard is

title: Fourth Industrial Revolution

text: to see the heavy implementation of several emerging technologies with a high potential of disruptive effects. The First Industrial Revolution took place from the 18th to 19th centuries in Europe and America. It was a period when mostly agrarian, rural societies became industrial and urban. The iron and textile industries, along with the development of the steam engine, played central roles in the Industrial Revolution. The Second Industrial Revolution took place between 1870 and 1914, just before World War I. It was a period of growth for pre-existing industries and expansion of new ones, such as steel, oil and electricity,

title: Economic history of the United Kingdom

text: manufactured goods, particularly textiles. The invention of the flying shuttle by John Kay enabled wider cloth to be woven faster, but also created a demand for yarn that could not be fulfilled. Thus, the major technological advances associated with the industrial revolution were concerned with spinning. James Hargreaves created the Spinning Jenny, a device that could perform the work of a number of spinning wheels. However, while this invention could be operated by hand, the water frame, invented by Richard Arkwright, could be powered by a water wheel. Indeed, Arkwright is credited with the widespread introduction of the factory system

title: What the Rose did to the Cypress

text: lived happily with his four wives. What the Rose did to the Cypress What the Rose did to the Cypress is a Persian fairy tale. Andrew Lang included it in "The Brown Fairy Book" (1904), with the note "Translated from two Persian MSS. in the possession of the British Museum and the India Office, and adapted, with some reservations, by Annette S. Beveridge." A king had three sons. The oldest went hunting and chased a deer, giving orders that it should be captured rather than killed. It led him to a sandy waste where his horse died. He found a

title: What the Rose did to the Cypress

text: What the Rose did to the Cypress What the Rose did to the Cypress is a Persian fairy tale. Andrew Lang included it in "The Brown Fairy Book" (1904), with the note "Translated from two Persian MSS. in the possession of the British Museum and the India Office, and adapted, with some reservations, by Annette S. Beveridge." A king had three sons. The oldest went hunting and chased a deer, giving orders that it should be captured rather than killed. It led him to a sandy waste where his horse died. He found a tree with a spring beneath it

title: Industrial Revolution

text: earliest recorded use of the term "Industrial Revolution" seems to have been in a letter from 6 July 1799 written by French envoy Louis-Guillaume Otto, announcing that France had entered the race to industrialise. In his 1976 book "", Raymond Williams states in the entry for "Industry": "The idea of a new social order based on major industrial change was clear in Southey and Owen, between 1811 and 1818, and was implicit as early as Blake in the early 1790s and Wordsworth at the turn of the [19th] century." The term "Industrial Revolution" applied to technological change was becoming more

title: What the Rose did to the Cypress

text: and drank. A faqir asked him what he did there. He told him his story and asked the faqir's, repeating when the faqir put him off, until the faqir told him he had been a king, and his seven sons had all tried to win a princess whose hand could only be won by answering the riddle, "What did the rose do to the cypress?" and died for their failure. His grief sent him into the desert. This inspired the son with a love for the same princess. His attendants found him and brought him back, but he grew ill

title: Industrial Revolution

text: industrial advances were made that resulted in a huge increase in personal wealth and a consumer revolution. These advancements also greatly benefitted the British society as a whole. Countries around the world started to recognise the changes and advancements in Britain and use them as an example to begin their own Industrial Revolutions. The debate about the start of the Industrial Revolution also concerns the massive lead that Great Britain had over other countries. Some have stressed the importance of natural or financial resources that Britain received from its many overseas colonies or that profits from the British slave trade

title: Industrial Revolution

text: where the coal-mines, the blast furnaces, the iron and zinc factories, the wool industry, the glass industry, the weapons industry... were concentrated." Wallonia was also the birthplace of a strong Socialist party and strong trade-unions in a particular sociological landscape. At the left, the "Sillon industriel", which runs from Mons in the west, to Verviers in the east (except part of North Flanders, in another period of the industrial revolution, after 1920). Even if Belgium is the second industrial country after Britain, the effect of the industrial revolution there was very different. In 'Breaking stereotypes', Muriel Neven and Isabelle Devious

title: Industrial Revolution

text: was blister steel, made by the cementation process. The supply of cheaper iron and steel aided a number of industries, such as those making nails, hinges, wire and other hardware items. The development of machine tools allowed better working of iron, causing it to be increasingly used in the rapidly growing machinery and engine industries. The development of the stationary steam engine was an important element of the Industrial Revolution; however, during the early period of the Industrial Revolution, most industrial power was supplied by water and wind. In Britain by 1800 an estimated 10,000 horsepower was being supplied by

title: Second Industrial Revolution

text: first. "Second industrial revolution" has been used in the popular press and by technologists or industrialists to refer to the changes following the spread of new technology after World War I. Excitement and debate over the dangers and benefits of the Atomic Age were more intense and lasting than those over the Space age but both were predicted to lead to another industrial revolution. At the start of the 21st century the term "second industrial revolution" has been used to describe the anticipated effects of hypothetical molecular nanotechnology systems upon society. In this more recent scenario, they would render the

title: Fourth Industrial Revolution

text: and organizations and help regenerate the natural environment through better asset management. “Mastering the Fourth Industrial Revolution” was the theme of the World Economic Forum Annual Meeting 2016 in Davos-Klosters, Switzerland. On October 10, 2016, the Forum announced the opening of its new Centre for the Fourth Industrial Revolution in San Francisco. According to the Forum, the center will "serve as a platform for interaction, insight and impact on the scientific and technological changes that are changing the way we live, work and relate to one another." According to Arik Segal, the Fourth Industrial Revolution holds unique opportunities to improve

title: Industrial Revolution

text: weaving, slowed and their markets matured. Innovations developed late in the period, such as the increasing adoption of locomotives, steamboats and steamships, hot blast iron smelting and new technologies, such as the electrical telegraph, widely introduced in the 1840s and 1850s, were not powerful enough to drive high rates of growth. Rapid economic growth began to occur after 1870, springing from a new group of innovations in what has been called the Second Industrial Revolution. These new innovations included new steel making processes, the large-scale manufacture of machine tools and the use of increasingly advanced machinery in steam-powered factories. The

title: Arkwright Mill, Rochdale

text: the 1860s. In 1882, Rochdale the home of industrial co-operatives, embraced the joint stock limited company and new mills were financed and built. Its ownership model was slightly different from that of Oldham, and more shares remained in the hands of the operatives. The Rochdale Limiteds were some of the first to adopt ring spinning. Arkwright Mill was built in 1885 by the Arkwright Cotton Spinning Co and used both ring frames and spinning mules. The industry peaked in 1912 when it produced 8 billion yards of cloth. The Great War of 1914–1918 halted the supply of raw cotton, and

text: were important because they reduced the amount of research time and expense that each business had to spend working with its own resources. The technological advances of the Industrial Revolution happened more quickly because firms often shared information, which they then could use to create new techniques or products. From mines to mills, steam engines found many uses in a variety of industries. The introduction of steam engines improved productivity and technology, and allowed the creation of smaller and better engines. After Richard Trevithick's development of the high-pressure engine, transport-applications became possible, and steam engines found their way into boats,