query: what are the countries in the united kingdom?

title: Countries of the United Kingdom

text: Countries of the United Kingdom The United Kingdom (UK) comprises four countries: England, Scotland and Wales (which collectively make up Great Britain) and Northern Ireland (which is variously described as a country, province or region). Within the United Kingdom, a unitary sovereign state, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales have gained a degree of autonomy through the process of devolution. The UK Parliament and British Government deal with all "reserved matters" for Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales, but not in general matters that have been devolved to the Northern Ireland Assembly, Scottish Parliament and National Assembly for Wales. Additionally, devolution in

title: Countries of the United Kingdom

text: of Ireland's Olympic team. In addition to Northern Ireland having its own national governing bodies for some sports such as Association football and Netball, for others, such as rugby union and cricket, Northern Ireland participates with the Republic of Ireland in a joint All-Ireland team. England and Wales field a joint cricket team. The United Kingdom participates in the Eurovision Song Contest as a single entity, though there have been calls for separate and Scottish and Welsh entrants. In 2018, Wales participated alone in the spin-off "Choir of the Year", placing second. Countries of the United Kingdom The United Kingdom

title: Countries of the United Kingdom

text: Northern Ireland is conditional on co-operation between the Northern Ireland Executive and the Government of Ireland (see North/South Ministerial Council) and the British Government consults with the Government of Ireland to reach agreement on some non-devolved matters for Northern Ireland (see British–Irish Intergovernmental Conference). England, comprising the majority of the population and area of the United Kingdom, remains fully the responsibility of the UK Parliament centralised in London. England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales are not themselves listed in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) list of countries. However the ISO list of the subdivisions of the UK, compiled by

title: Human trafficking in the United Kingdom

text: victims nationalities are unknown in Scotland, but those that are known are generally from Asian and African countries. Human trafficking in the United Kingdom The United Kingdom (UK) is a destination country for men, women, and children primarily from Africa, Asia, and Eastern Europe who are subjected to human trafficking for the purposes of sexual slavery and forced labour, including domestic servitude. It is ranked as a "Tier 1" country by the US Department of State which issues an annual report on human trafficking. "Tier 1" countries are those "Countries whose governments fully comply with The Trafficking Victims Protection Act's

title: Egyptians in the United Kingdom

text: Egyptians in the United Kingdom Egyptians in the United Kingdom are people of Egyptian ancestry who are citizens or residents of the United Kingdom. In Irish mythology, Scottish mythology, and pseudo history, an Egyptian princess named Scota is mentioned as having arrived in today's Scotland (and/or in Ireland) in a very early period of these countries' history. The historical veracity of the story is greatly doubted, however. And under the Roman Empire, Britannia and Egypt were two provinces of a single empire which had considerable trade and interaction between its constituent parts. However, if any Egyptians settled in Roman Britain,

title: Education in the United Kingdom

text: Education in the United Kingdom Education in the United Kingdom is a devolved matter with each of the countries of the United Kingdom having separate systems under separate governments: the UK Government is responsible for England; whilst the Scottish Government, the Welsh Government and the Northern Ireland Executive are responsible for Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland, respectively. For details of education in each region, see: In each country there are five stages of education: early years, primary, secondary, further education (FE) and higher education (HE).. The law states that full time education is compulsory for all children between the ages

title: Education in the United Kingdom

text: that will leave a lifetime of damage … We are failing an entire generation of young people." There were calls for a change in school culture with a switch of focus from exams to wellbeing. Education in the United Kingdom Education in the United Kingdom is a devolved matter with each of the countries of the United Kingdom having separate systems under separate governments: the UK Government is responsible for England; whilst the Scottish Government, the Welsh Government and the Northern Ireland Executive are responsible for Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland, respectively. For details of education in each region, see:

title: Countries of the United Kingdom

text: the terms "England", "Wales" and the "United Kingdom", but neither that Act nor any other current statute defines "Scotland" or "Northern Ireland". Use of the first three terms in other legislation is interpreted following the definitions in the 1978 Act. The definitions in the 1978 Act are listed below: In the Scotland Act 1998 there is no delineation of Scotland, with the definition in section 126 simply providing that Scotland includes "so much of the internal waters and territorial sea of the United Kingdom as are adjacent to Scotland". The Parliamentary Voting System and Constituencies Act 2011 refers to England,

title: Religion in the United Kingdom

text: Europe with 82.3% of the population claiming Christian affiliation, with a decline of only 3.5% by the 2011 census, while "other religions" have increased in membership. Religion has been seen as both a product and a cause of political divisions in Northern Ireland. Christian Jewish Islamic Other Religion in the United Kingdom Religion in the United Kingdom, and in the countries that preceded it, has been dominated for over 1,400 years by various forms of Christianity. Religious affiliations of United Kingdom citizens are recorded by regular surveys, the four major ones being the national decennial census, the Labour Force Survey,

title: Countries of the United Kingdom

text: Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland as ""parts"" of the United Kingdom in the following clause: "Each constituency shall be wholly in one of the four parts of the United Kingdom (England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland)." The Royal Fine Art Commission's 1847 report on decorating the Palace of Westminster referred to "the nationality of the component parts of the United Kingdom" being represented by their four respective patron saints. "Regions": For purposes of NUTS 1 collection of statistical data in a format that is compatible with similar data that is collected elsewhere in the European Union, the United Kingdom has

title: Countries of the United Kingdom

text: Cornish people are a recognised national minority, included under the terms of the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities in 2014. Each of England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales has separate national governing bodies for sports and competes separately in many international sporting competitions. Each country of the United Kingdom has a national football team, and competes as a separate national team in the various disciplines in the Commonwealth Games. At the Olympic Games, the United Kingdom is represented by the Great Britain and Northern Ireland team, although athletes from Northern Ireland can choose to join the Republic

title: Public holidays in the United Kingdom

text: areas in Scotland did not have Monday 4 June as a holiday. Public holidays in the United Kingdom In the United Kingdom, public holidays are days on which most businesses and non-essential services are closed, although an increasing number of retail businesses (especially the larger ones) do open on some of the public holidays. There are restrictions on trading on Sundays and Christmas Day in England and Wales and on New Year's Day and Christmas Day in Scotland. Legally defined holidays, analogous to "public holidays" in many other countries, are usually called bank holidays in the United Kingdom, but can

title: Public holidays in the United Kingdom

text: Public holidays in the United Kingdom In the United Kingdom, public holidays are days on which most businesses and non-essential services are closed, although an increasing number of retail businesses (especially the larger ones) do open on some of the public holidays. There are restrictions on trading on Sundays and Christmas Day in England and Wales and on New Year's Day and Christmas Day in Scotland. Legally defined holidays, analogous to "public holidays" in many other countries, are usually called bank holidays in the United Kingdom, but can also be referred to as "public holidays"; strictly, however, "public holidays" refer

title: Religion in the United Kingdom

text: Methodists and Baptists. This, and the relatively large number of individuals with nominal or no religious affiliations, has led commentators to variously describe the United Kingdom as a multi-faith and secularised society. The United Kingdom was formed by the union of previously independent countries in 1707, and consequently most of the largest religious groups do not have UK-wide organisational structures. While some groups have separate structures for the individual countries of the United Kingdom, others have a single structure covering England and Wales or Great Britain. Similarly, due to the relatively recent creation of Northern Ireland in 1921, most major

title: Listed buildings in the United Kingdom

text: used in different parts of the United Kingdom: The lists for the countries of the UK are at: Listed buildings in the United Kingdom This is a list of Listed buildings in the United Kingdom. The organization of the lists in this series is on the same basis as the statutory registers, which generally rely on counties. For England and Wales, the county names are broadly those of the ceremonial counties of England and Wales and do not always match the current administrative areas, whereas in most cases they parallel the current subdivisions of Scotland. In Northern Ireland the province's

title: Italians in the United Kingdom

text: figure amongst EU countries and ninth globally. Italians and British-born people of Italian descent reside across the entire UK. Also unlike many ethnic groups in the country, there are substantial numbers of Italians outside England. Locations with significant Italian populations include London, where the 2011 Census recorded 62,050 Italian-born residents, Manchester with an estimated 25,000 people of Italian ethnicity, Bedford with an estimated 20,000 ethnic Italians, and Glasgow, which is home to a large percentage of the estimated 35,000+ Italian Scots. Italians in the United Kingdom Italians in the United Kingdom, also known as British Italians or colloquially Britalians, are

title: Religion in the United Kingdom

text: religious groups in Northern Ireland are organised on an all-Ireland basis. While the United Kingdom as a whole has no official religion, the Church of England remains the state church of its largest constituent country, England. The Monarch of the United Kingdom is the Supreme Governor of the Church, and accordingly, only a Protestant may inherit the British throne. Pre-Roman forms of religion in Britain included various forms of ancestor worship and paganism. Little is known about the details of such religions (see British paganism). Forms of Christianity have dominated religious life in what is now the United Kingdom for

title: Caving in the United Kingdom

text: what. In about 2012 a central repository for survey data and drawn-up surveys was set up by the BCA and now contains a significant amount of UK (and some foreign, from expeditions) survey data. There are also projects which are attempting to assemble on-line maps and catalogues from repositories of surveys by overlaying them on satellite imagery: The most widely referenced guidebooks for caving the UK are: Caving in the United Kingdom The four major caving areas of the United Kingdom are in North Yorkshire, South Wales, Derbyshire, and Mendips. Minor areas include Devon, North Wales, and Grampian. One of

title: Separatism in the United Kingdom

text: a city-state separate from the United Kingdom. Separatism in the United Kingdom Separatism in the United Kingdom may refer to the separation of any of the countries (England, Scotland, Northern Ireland, Wales) or historical regions (such as Ulster, Cornwall, and Cumbria). On the political level, some English nationalists have advocated self-government for England. This could take the form either of a devolved English Parliament within the United Kingdom or the re-establishment of an independent sovereign state of England outside the UK. The separatist organizations include the English Independence Party, England First Party and English People's Liberation Army. Scottish independence is

title: Romania–United Kingdom relations

text: Romania–United Kingdom relations British–Romanian relations are bilateral foreign relations between United Kingdom and Romania. Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1880. Both countries are members of the European Union and NATO. The United Kingdom has an embassy in Bucharest and Romania has an embassy in London. In recent years relations between the United Kingdom and Romania have unfortunately soured due to what some hold to be xenophobic reports in the British press. Caused by economic decline in the United Kingdom, the European Union freedom of movement has also been criticised. Royal Bank of Scotland operated in Romania between 15 October

title: Poles in the United Kingdom

text: Poles in the United Kingdom The Polish community in the United Kingdom since the mid-20th century largely stems from the Polish presence in the British Isles during the Second World War, when Poles made a substantial contribution to the Allied war effort. Most of the Poles who came to the United Kingdom at that time comprised military units reconstituted outside Poland after the German and Soviet invasions of Poland. However, exchanges between the two countries date back to medieval times, when Britain and Poland were linked by trade and diplomacy. A notable 16th-century Polish immigrant to England was the Protestant

title: Separatism in the United Kingdom

text: Separatism in the United Kingdom Separatism in the United Kingdom may refer to the separation of any of the countries (England, Scotland, Northern Ireland, Wales) or historical regions (such as Ulster, Cornwall, and Cumbria). On the political level, some English nationalists have advocated self-government for England. This could take the form either of a devolved English Parliament within the United Kingdom or the re-establishment of an independent sovereign state of England outside the UK. The separatist organizations include the English Independence Party, England First Party and English People's Liberation Army. Scottish independence is supported most prominently by the Scottish National

title: Water supply and sanitation in the United Kingdom

text: Water supply and sanitation in the United Kingdom Public water supply and sanitation in the United Kingdom is characterised by universal access and generally good service quality. A salient feature of the sector in the United Kingdom compared to other developed countries is the diversity of institutional arrangements between the constituting parts of the UK (England and Wales; Scotland; and Northern Ireland), which are each described in separate articles, while this article is devoted to some common issues across the United Kingdom. Access to improved water supply and sanitation in the UK is universal. In 2015, 100% of the population

title: Rainwater harvesting in the United Kingdom

text: Rainwater harvesting in the United Kingdom Rainwater harvesting (RWH) is a practice of growing importance in the United Kingdom, particularly in the South East of England where there is less water available per person than in many Mediterranean countries. Rainwater harvesting in the UK is both a traditional and reviving technique for collecting water for domestic uses. This water is generally used for non-hygienic purposes like watering gardens, flushing toilets, and washing clothes. There is a growing demand for larger tank systems collecting between 1000-7500 litres of water. The two main uses for harvested rainwater are botanical uses, like gardening

title: Lithuanians in the United Kingdom

text: during this period. Around 15,000 Lithuanians also resided in Scotland temporarily, before migrating onwards to other countries—most notably the United States. According to the BBC, some travelled to Scotland because they could not afford travel to the US, whereas others were duped, thinking that they had arrived in the US. Lithuanians in the United Kingdom Lithuanians in the United Kingdom include individuals born in Lithuania who have migrated to the UK as well as their British-born descendants. The 2011 UK Census recorded 95,730 Lithuanian-born residents in England, 1,353 in Wales, 4,287 in Scotland, and 7,341 in Northern Ireland. The previous,

title: Sport in the United Kingdom

text: relative to other developed countries British facilities have made a relative improvement since the 1980s, and this is ongoing. Many of the best stadia in the United Kingdom were built for national teams: British football grounds are almost always football-only facilities in which the spectators are close to the action. Since the late 1980s there has been a dramatic spurt of reconstruction and replacement of league grounds, which is ongoing, and the Premier League's facilities are among the best of any sports league. As of early 2007 there are approximately 35 all-seater club grounds in England with a capacity of

title: Scouting and Guiding in the United Kingdom

text: War and the Cold War when refugees fled their countries and international communities in the UK wishing to maintain their home culture of Scouting rather than following the British Scouting Programme. Also International Scout and Guide units are active in the United Kingdom. Scouts et Guides de France operates one group in London. There also American Scout units, served by the Transatlantic Council, American Girl Scouts served by the USAGSO headquarters. and Israel Scouts tribes in London Catholic Guides of Ireland and Scouting Ireland are both also active in Northern Ireland. Scouting and Guiding in the United Kingdom Scouting and

title: Human trafficking in the United Kingdom

text: such as London City, Stansted, and Belfast International airport. They have also been discovered to have traveled to England, Scotland, and Northern Ireland airports. Before entering into the United Kingdom, victims of trafficking generally pass through transit countries. A transit country is a country that a trafficker will pass through on the way to their final destination. Countries that have very high volumes of traffickers being transited include Albania, Bulgaria, Hungary, Italy, Poland, and Thailand. Children from China have the highest proportion of victims according to studies, and travel on different routes before reaching the United Kingdom. Some of the

title: Law of the United Kingdom

text: Law of the United Kingdom The United Kingdom has three legal systems, each of which applies to a particular geographical area. English law (and Welsh law) applies in England and Wales, Northern Ireland law applies in Northern Ireland, and Scots law applies in Scotland. While these three systems diverge in the more detailed rules, there are also substantive fields of law which apply across the United Kingdom. The United Kingdom does not have a single legal system because it was created by the political union of previously independent countries. Article 19 of the Treaty of Union, put into effect by

title: Tuition fees in the United Kingdom

text: Tuition fees in the United Kingdom Tuition fees were first introduced across the entire United Kingdom in September 1998 under the Labour government as a means of funding tuition to undergraduate and postgraduate certificate students at universities, with students being required to pay up to £1,000 a year for tuition. However, as a result of the establishment of devolved national administrations for Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland, different arrangements now exist with regard to the charging of tuition fees in each of the countries of the United Kingdom. In May 1996, Gillian Shephard, Secretary of State for Education and Employment,

title: Homelessness in the United Kingdom

text: Homelessness in the United Kingdom Homelessness in the United Kingdom is measured and responded to in differing ways in England, in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland but affects people living in all areas of the countries. The UK homeless charity "Shelter" put the 2017 figure for the whole of the UK's homeless at 300,000. Recorded deaths among rough sleepers and those in temporary accommodation more than doubled in the five years to 2018. Homeless people die much younger than the general population, research by the Office for National Statistics shows. Homeless men die on average aged 44 while homeless women

title: Universities in the United Kingdom

text: education, University of Sussex for Development Studies and Loughborough University for Sports-related subjects. In England and Wales the majority of young full-time university students live away from home, which is not generally the case for universities in most European countries, such as Italy and Spain. Most universities in the United Kingdom provide (or at least help organise) rented accommodation for many of their students, particularly in the first year; some British universities provide accommodation for the full duration of their courses. As a result, the lifestyle of university students in the United Kingdom can be quite different from those of

title: Punjabi language in the United Kingdom

text: Punjabi language in the United Kingdom Over the twentieth century many communities have immigrated to the United Kingdom (UK), amongst them Punjabis from India and Pakistan. Many have brought their literary talents with them. Some have taken to writing in English, whilst others have expressed their works into their original language. These writers have absorbed what they have seen in England and reflected this in their Punjabi novels and poetry. Amongst these writers are Amarjit Chandan, Harjeet Atwal, Veena Verma (writer of "Mull Di Teeveen") and Shivcharan Gill. Others include Sathi Ludhianvi, K.C. Mohan, S.S. Santokh and Yash. In addition

title: Taxation in the United Kingdom

text: prevent double taxation the United Kingdom has agreements with many countries to allow offset against United Kingdom tax what is deemed paid abroad. These deemed amounts paid abroad are not necessarily as much as actually paid. Rental income on a property investment business (such as a buy to let property) is taxed as other savings income, after allowing deductions including mortgage interest. The mortgage does not need to be secured against the property receiving the rent, subject to a maximum of the purchase prices of the property investment business properties (or the market value at the time they transferred into

title: Football in the United Kingdom

text: Football in the United Kingdom Association football is organised on a separate basis in each of the four constituent countries that make up the United Kingdom (UK), with each having a national football association responsible for the overall management of football within their respective country. There is no United Kingdom national football team. Football has been the most popular sport in the UK since the 1860s. Rugby union, rugby league and cricket are other popular sports. For details about football in the four countries, see: This article provides some comparisons concerning football in the different countries. Each of the countries

title: Mortgage industry of the United Kingdom

text: prefer variable-rate mortgages to fixed-rate mortgages to reduce potential interest rate risks between what they charging in mortgage interest and what they are paying in interest for deposits and other funding sources. Prepayment penalties are still common, whilst the United States has discouraged their use. Like other European countries and the rest of the world but unlike most of the United States, mortgages loans are usually recourse debt: debtors are liable for any loan deficiencies after foreclosure. Mortgage industry of the United Kingdom The mortgage industry of the United Kingdom has traditionally been dominated by building societies, but since the

title: Hong Kong people in the United Kingdom

text: in 2001 was 7,068. The figure for 1991 was 5,910. Hong Kong people in the United Kingdom Hong Kong people in the United Kingdom are people from Hong Kong who are residing in the United Kingdom or British citizens of Hong Kong origin or descent. The United Kingdom has historically been a popular destination for Hong Kong immigrants due to the colonial relationship between the two countries. The UK's popularity among immigrants was also helped by the fact that the English language enjoys official status in both countries. While many Hong Kong-born residents of the UK are ethnically Chinese, others

title: Hong Kong people in the United Kingdom

text: Hong Kong people in the United Kingdom Hong Kong people in the United Kingdom are people from Hong Kong who are residing in the United Kingdom or British citizens of Hong Kong origin or descent. The United Kingdom has historically been a popular destination for Hong Kong immigrants due to the colonial relationship between the two countries. The UK's popularity among immigrants was also helped by the fact that the English language enjoys official status in both countries. While many Hong Kong-born residents of the UK are ethnically Chinese, others include the children of colonial parentage (British and/or other European

title: Teenage pregnancy in the United Kingdom

text: age of the girl at conception, unlike pregnancy statistics in other countries. Using pregnancy statistics by age of girl at the outcome of her pregnancy allows more meaningful comparison with other countries. Teenage pregnancy in the United Kingdom The rate of teenage pregnancy in the United Kingdom is relatively high, when compared with other developed countries; the only other Western countries with higher teenage pregnancy rates are the United States and New Zealand. The rate of teenage pregnancy is higher in more economically deprived areas. A report in 2002 found that around half of all conceptions to under-18s were concentrated

title: Religion in the United Kingdom

text: Religion in the United Kingdom Religion in the United Kingdom, and in the countries that preceded it, has been dominated for over 1,400 years by various forms of Christianity. Religious affiliations of United Kingdom citizens are recorded by regular surveys, the four major ones being the national decennial census, the Labour Force Survey, the British Social Attitudes survey and the European Social Survey. According to the 2011 Census, Christianity is the majority religion, followed by Islam, Hinduism, Sikhism, Judaism and Buddhism in terms of number of adherents. Among Christians, Anglicans are the most common denomination, followed by the Catholics, Presbyterians,

title: Universities in the United Kingdom

text: Universities in the United Kingdom Universities in the United Kingdom have generally been instituted by Royal Charter, Papal Bull, Act of Parliament or an instrument of government under the Further and Higher Education Act 1992. Degree awarding powers and university title are protected by law, although the precise arrangements for gaining these vary between the constituent countries of the United Kingdom. Institutions that hold degree awarding powers are termed "recognised bodies", this list includes all universities, university colleges and colleges of the University of London, some higher education colleges, and the Archbishop of Canterbury. Degree courses may also be provided

title: Mexicans in the United Kingdom

text: Mexicans in the United Kingdom Mexicans in the United Kingdom or Mexican Britons include Mexican-born immigrants to the United Kingdom and their British-born descendants. Although a large percentage of Mexican-born people in the UK are international students, many are also permanently settled and work in the UK as the community expands into its second generation. According to the 2001 UK Census, 5,049 Mexican-born people were living in the UK. Mexico was the 102nd most common birthplace for British people; ahead of Lithuania but behind Chile (fifth out of all Latin American countries, again behind Chile but ahead of Peru). Mexicans

title: Germans in the United Kingdom

text: Germans in the United Kingdom Germans in the United Kingdom form one of the largest minority ethnic groups in the country. Today, there are many Germans living in the United Kingdom, and many Britons or "German British" () have German ancestry, including the British royal family. While those born in Germany constitute one of the UK's largest foreign-born groups, many are British nationals, rather than German nationals, who were born in Germany to British military personnel based there. Germans have resided in the United Kingdom throughout its history. The Anglo-Saxons were partly from what is now Northern Germany, and created

title: Human trafficking in the United Kingdom

text: Human trafficking in the United Kingdom The United Kingdom (UK) is a destination country for men, women, and children primarily from Africa, Asia, and Eastern Europe who are subjected to human trafficking for the purposes of sexual slavery and forced labour, including domestic servitude. It is ranked as a "Tier 1" country by the US Department of State which issues an annual report on human trafficking. "Tier 1" countries are those "Countries whose governments fully comply with The Trafficking Victims Protection Act's minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking. The TVPA is a federal statute of the United States. It

title: United Kingdom in the Eurovision Song Contest

text: United Kingdom in the Eurovision Song Contest The United Kingdom has participated in the Eurovision Song Contest 61 times and is one of the most successful countries to compete in the contest. They first participated in the second contest in 1957. The UK has entered every year since 1959, and along with Sweden, is one of only two countries with Eurovision victories in four different decades. The United Kingdom is one of the "Big 5", along with France, Germany, Italy and Spain who are automatically allowed to participate in the final as they are the five biggest financial contributors to

title: Ivorians in the United Kingdom

text: Ivorians in the United Kingdom Ivoirians in the United Kingdom or Ivorian British () are one of the country's smallest African immigrant groups, consisting of no more than 10,000 individuals. The group includes people born in Côte d'Ivoire who have migrated to the United Kingdom, as well as their British-born descendants. However typically speaking the group could also include British African-Caribbeans of Côte d'Ivoire origin as a result of the Atlantic slave trade. Ivoirians have been migrating to the UK since the late 20th century, albeit in smaller numbers than those who chose to start a new life in countries

title: Teenage pregnancy in the United Kingdom

text: Teenage pregnancy in the United Kingdom The rate of teenage pregnancy in the United Kingdom is relatively high, when compared with other developed countries; the only other Western countries with higher teenage pregnancy rates are the United States and New Zealand. The rate of teenage pregnancy is higher in more economically deprived areas. A report in 2002 found that around half of all conceptions to under-18s were concentrated among the 30% most deprived population, with only 14% occurring among the 30% least deprived. The number of resultant births is presently at the lowest rate since the mid-1950s. Also found was

title: Driving in the United Kingdom

text: Driving in the United Kingdom Driving in the United Kingdom is governed by various legal powers and in some cases is subject to the passing of a driving test. The government produces a Highway Code that details the requirements for all road users, including drivers. Unlike most countries in the world, UK traffic drives on the left. British roads are limited for most vehicles by the National Speed Limit. Road signs in the UK use imperial units, so speed limits are posted in miles per hour. Speed limits are the maximum speed at which certain drivers may legally drive on

title: Academic ranks in the United Kingdom

text: Academic ranks in the United Kingdom Academic ranks in the United Kingdom are the titles, relative importance and power of academic employees. In general the United Kingdom has three academic career pathways, a combined research and teaching career pathway, a research career pathway and a teaching career pathway. In the United Kingdom, like most Commonwealth countries (excluding Australia and Canada), as well as in Ireland, traditionally a professor held either an established chair or a personal chair. An established chair is established by the university to meet its needs for academic leadership and standing in a particular area or discipline

title: Mining in the United Kingdom

text: Kingdom has decreased over the past century. Although the United Kingdom has a large variety of important metal ores, little metal is currently being mined due to the effects of globalization: it is cheaper to extract in other countries. For example, although large reserves of iron and copper ores exist in the United Kingdom, these ores are now largely imported – copper ore from Chile and North America, and iron ore from China, Brazil and Australia yield higher grades of metals at lower costs. The metalliferous sector of the mining industry was worth £5 million in 2012, making up a

title: Consumer protection in the United Kingdom

text: Consumer protection in the United Kingdom Consumer protection in the United Kingdom is effected through a multiplicity of Acts of Parliament, statutory instruments, government agencies and departments and citizens' lobby groups and aims to ensure the market economy produces fairness and quality in goods and services people buy. The main areas of regulating consumer affairs include, Because the United Kingdom, through its membership of the European Union is part of the internal market, it works with other European countries and EU institutions to produce and enforce consumer protection laws transnationally. Consumer Protection issues are dealt with when complaints are made

title: Parliamentary sovereignty in the United Kingdom

text: European Communities Act 1972 and other provisions relating to Europe, and the position of the Human Rights Act 1998 and any attempts to make this or other legislation entrenched. These issues remain contested. Parliamentary sovereignty is a description of to what extent the Parliament of the United Kingdom does have absolute and unlimited power. It is framed in terms of the extent of authority that Parliament holds, and whether there are any sorts of law that it cannot pass. In other countries, a written constitution often binds the parliament to act in a certain way, but there is no such

title: Bulgarians in the United Kingdom

text: Bulgarians in the United Kingdom Bulgarians in the United Kingdom include citizens of the United Kingdom who trace their Bulgarian ancestry. The number of Bulgarian-born people resident in the UK has risen from 5,351 at the time of the 2001 Census to an estimated 69,000 in 2015. Since 1 January 2014, Bulgarians have freedom of movement and work in the United Kingdom as citizens of the European Union. A true Bulgarian community in the United Kingdom was formed relatively recently as compared to Bulgarian communities in other countries in Western Europe. Few Bulgarian students enrolled at British universities before World

title: Austrians in the United Kingdom

text: which is actually a drop of around 5% from 1991; despite this there are also large but unknown numbers of British-born people of Austrian descent, which is reflected in the list of famous Austrian British people below. The population spread of Austrian-born people can be seen below. Austrians in the United Kingdom Austrians in the United Kingdom include citizens or non-citizen immigrants of the United Kingdom who originate from Austria. Austrians have been present in what is now the UK for centuries as merchants, traders and diplomats, but it was only during the 1930s when Austrians came to the UK

title: Academic dress in the United Kingdom

text: Academic dress in the United Kingdom The academic dress of the United Kingdom and Ireland has a long history and has influenced the academic dress of America and beyond. The academic square cap was invented in the UK as well as the hood which developed from the lay dress of the medieval period. Irish academic dress is virtually the same as that in the United Kingdom given the common history and proximity of each other. Many other Commonwealth countries also follow British cuts and design of academic dress, most notably Australia and New Zealand though some are beginning to evolve

title: Roller derby in the United Kingdom

text: Roller derby in the United Kingdom By September 2011, there were more than 1,000 amateur roller derby leagues, covering every inhabited continent, with teams in countries such as Canada, Australia, the United Kingdom, New Zealand, Germany, Belgium, Finland, Sweden and Singapore In the UK, the sport is mostly played by women. Contemporary roller derby has a basic set of rules, with variations reflecting the interests of a governing body's member leagues. The Women's Flat Track Derby Association (WFTDA), which is used by the majority of leagues around the world. For example, members of the United Kingdom Roller Derby Association are

title: Green electricity in the United Kingdom

text: Green electricity in the United Kingdom Green electricity in the United Kingdom. There are a number of suppliers offering green electricity in the United Kingdom. In theory these types of tariffs help to lower carbon dioxide emissions by increasing consumer demand for green electricity and encouraging more renewable energy plant to be built. Since Ofgem's 2014 regulations there are now set criteria defining what can be classified as a green source product. As well as holding sufficient guarantee of origin certificates to cover the electricity sold to consumers, suppliers are also required to show additionality by contributing to wider environmental

title: Hinduism in the United Kingdom

text: origins, Hindus in the United Kingdom (27%) constituted the second largest group after South Asian Muslims (57%), and exceeded South Asian Sikhs (14%) in the 2011 census of the United Kingdom. There were 101 Hindu temples in the United Kingdom in 2001, compared to 614 Muslim mosques and 193 Sikh temples in 2001. The British Hindu population includes those who came directly from the Indian sub-continent, descendants of those Hindus who had originally migrated to other countries but later resettled in the United Kingdom, and those born and raised in the UK. It is not unusual to find third or

title: Feminism in the United Kingdom

text: not apply to selection of candidates for the Mayor of London elections. Only political parties registered under Part 2 of the Political Parties, Elections and Referendums Act 2000 are covered by the Act. The Act was originally scheduled to run until the end of 2015. On 6 March 2008, Minister for Women Harriet Harman announced that the exemption would be extended until 2030 under the Equality Act 2010. Feminism in the United Kingdom As in other countries, feminism in the United Kingdom seeks to establish political, social, and economic equality for women. The history of feminism in Britain dates to

title: Transport in the United Kingdom

text: withdrawn on 2 September 1962. Recent years have seen a revival the United Kingdom, as in other countries, of trams together with light rail systems. The road network in Great Britain, in 2006, consists of of trunk roads (including of motorway), of principal roads (including of motorway), of "B" and "C" roads, and of unclassified roads (mainly local streets and access roads) – totalling . Road is the most popular method of transport in the United Kingdom, carrying over 90% of motorised passenger travel and 65% of domestic freight. The major motorways and trunk roads, many of which are dual

title: Sham marriage in the United Kingdom

text: Sham marriage in the United Kingdom Sham marriage in the United Kingdom is a form of immigration fraud in the UK, primarily London, conducted systematically to gain British citizenship in exchange for short-term financial gain. The fraud is often committed by taking advantage of loopholes in EU immigration law to circumvent customary immigration procedures. The fraud is investigated mostly by the UK Border Force and previously by the UK Border Agency. The laws applying to British citizenship are the same across all four constituent countries, and are under European Union law; however, the laws of marriage are not the same

title: East Asians in the United Kingdom

text: of Chinese people in the United Kingdom dates from the early 19th century. In particular were port cities such as Liverpool and London; particularly the Limehouse area in East London, where the first Chinatown was established in the UK and Europe. Today, most of the British Chinese are people or are descended from people who were themselves overseas Chinese when they entered the United Kingdom. The majority are from former British colonies, such as Hong Kong, Malaysia, Burma, Singapore, Canada, Australia and New Zealand, and also other countries such as Vietnam. People from mainland China and Taiwan and their descendants

title: Pornography in the United Kingdom

text: Pornography in the United Kingdom Pornography in the United Kingdom has existed since the United Kingdom was formed by the Acts of Union 1800. Before that it was found in Great Britain which was formed by the Acts of Union 1707, and earlier still in the four countries of which the modern kingdom consists. The Victorian pornographic tradition included French photographs, erotic prints, and printed literature. As technology has advanced, pornography has taken diverse forms and become more widespread in society. In the twentieth century the production of pornographic magazines and films developed, and by the twenty-first century pornography was

title: Pornography in the United Kingdom

text: of 2016. During its tenure as regulator ATVOD regularly instructed pornographic websites based in the UK to comply with its rules, and failure to do so often resulted in Ofcom issuing a fine or shutting down a website. Pornography in the United Kingdom Pornography in the United Kingdom has existed since the United Kingdom was formed by the Acts of Union 1800. Before that it was found in Great Britain which was formed by the Acts of Union 1707, and earlier still in the four countries of which the modern kingdom consists. The Victorian pornographic tradition included French photographs, erotic

title: Mental health in the United Kingdom

text: Mental health in the United Kingdom Mental health in the United Kingdom involves state, private and community sector intervention in mental health issues. One of the first countries to build asylums, the United Kingdom was also one of the first countries to turn away from them as the primary mode of treatment for the mentally ill. It was Enoch Powell in 1961, then Minister of Health, who led the shift towards Care in the Community, the British version of deinstitutionalisation. The majority of mental health care is now provided by the National Health Service, assisted by the private and the

title: Theatre of the United Kingdom

text: Theatre of the United Kingdom Theatre of United Kingdom plays an important part in British culture, and the countries that constitute the UK have had a vibrant tradition of theatre since the Renaissance with roots going back to the Roman occupation. Theatre was introduced from Europe to what is now the United Kingdom by the Romans and auditoriums were constructed across the country for this purpose (an example has been excavated at Verulamium). By the medieval period theatre had developed with the mummers' plays, a form of early street theatre associated with the Morris dance, concentrating on themes such as

title: Theatre of the United Kingdom

text: world as well as being turned into films. Lloyd Webber's musicals originally starred Elaine Paige, who with continued success has become known as the First Lady of British Musical Theatre. Theatre of the United Kingdom Theatre of United Kingdom plays an important part in British culture, and the countries that constitute the UK have had a vibrant tradition of theatre since the Renaissance with roots going back to the Roman occupation. Theatre was introduced from Europe to what is now the United Kingdom by the Romans and auditoriums were constructed across the country for this purpose (an example has been

title: Housing in the United Kingdom

text: and that the "vast majority" of overseas buyers intended to live in the property or rent it out. Housing in the United Kingdom Housing in the United Kingdom ranks in the top half of EU countries with regard to rooms per person, amenities, and quality of housing. However, the cost of housing as a proportion of income is higher than average among EU countries, and the increasing cost of housing in the UK may constitute a housing crisis for some, especially for those in low income brackets or in high-cost areas such as London. Most though still find the UK

title: Bolivians in the United Kingdom

text: "La Razón", and "Los Tiempos". Bolivians in the United Kingdom Bolivians in the United Kingdom () form a fairly small group, with 3,765 Bolivian-born people living in the UK according to the 2011 Census. However, recent estimates suggest that as many as 15,000-25,000 Bolivians now call the UK home. Bolivians have been migrating to London since the 1960s. Their emigration from Bolivia is driven by political and economic instability there. The United Kingdom traditionally has not been one of the more popular destinations for emigrant Bolivians; most instead headed for the United States or for other South American countries, especially

title: Bolivians in the United Kingdom

text: Bolivians in the United Kingdom Bolivians in the United Kingdom () form a fairly small group, with 3,765 Bolivian-born people living in the UK according to the 2011 Census. However, recent estimates suggest that as many as 15,000-25,000 Bolivians now call the UK home. Bolivians have been migrating to London since the 1960s. Their emigration from Bolivia is driven by political and economic instability there. The United Kingdom traditionally has not been one of the more popular destinations for emigrant Bolivians; most instead headed for the United States or for other South American countries, especially Argentina. However, since around 2002,

title: Articulated buses in the United Kingdom

text: on route 67 purchased eleven Scania OmniCitys branded for the route. The O405 vehicles were withdrawn from service in late 2011. The last of the Citaros were withdrawn in March 2018. The majority of articulated buses in the UK are Mercedes-Benz Citaros, with the remainder being standard Scania and Volvos, and the Wright StreetCar. The types in use are: Volvo have demonstrated a Hispano-bodied articulated bus in London, as have Scania with the OmniCity, but neither has secured any orders. Articulated buses in the United Kingdom Articulated buses were rarely used in the United Kingdom compared to other countries, until

title: Housing in the United Kingdom

text: Housing in the United Kingdom Housing in the United Kingdom ranks in the top half of EU countries with regard to rooms per person, amenities, and quality of housing. However, the cost of housing as a proportion of income is higher than average among EU countries, and the increasing cost of housing in the UK may constitute a housing crisis for some, especially for those in low income brackets or in high-cost areas such as London. Most though still find the UK a desirable place to live. London is resident to the highest number of ultra-high-net-worth individuals in the world.

title: East Asians in the United Kingdom

text: East Asians in the United Kingdom East Asians in the United Kingdom are East and Southeast Asian British citizens. They have been present in the country since the 17th century and primarily originate from countries and territories such as Hong Kong, Japan, South Korea, China, Taiwan, the Philippines, Malaysia, Indonesia, Burma, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam.. They are called "East Asian" or "Oriental", although – dependent upon the context – the use of the term "Oriental" might be considered by some to be derogatory or offensive. In the 2001 British census, the term Chinese or Other is used. The first settlement

title: Veterinary medicine in the United Kingdom

text: Veterinary medicine in the United Kingdom Veterinary medicine in the United Kingdom is the performance of veterinary medicine by licensed professionals, and strictly regulated by statute law, notably the Veterinary Surgeons Act of 1966. Veterinary medicine is led by veterinary physicians, termed 'veterinary surgeons' (with a different meaning to how it is used in some other anglophone countries, where it denotes a surgical specialist), normally referred to as 'vets'. Vets are often assisted by registered veterinary nurses, who are able to both assist the vet and to autonomously practice a range of skills of their own, including minor surgery under

title: History of the Constitution of the United Kingdom

text: History of the Constitution of the United Kingdom The Constitution of the United Kingdom has evolved over a long period of time beginning in the predecessor states to the United Kingdom and continuing to the present day. The relative stability of the British polity over centuries, progressing without a revolution or regime change that lasted, has obviated the need to write a constitution from first principles, in contrast to many other countries. What Britain has instead is an accumulation of various statutes, judicial precedents, convention, treaties and other sources which collectively can be referred to as the British Constitution. It

title: United Kingdom in the Eurovision Song Contest 2019

text: the "Big 5" (France, Germany, Italy, Spain and the United Kingdom) are required to qualify from one of two semi-finals in order to compete for the final; the top ten countries from each semi-final progress to the final. As a member of the "Big 5", the United Kingdom automatically qualifies to compete in the final. In addition to their participation in the final, the United Kingdom is also required to broadcast and vote in one of the two semi-finals. United Kingdom in the Eurovision Song Contest 2019 The United Kingdom will participate in the Eurovision Song Contest 2019. The British

title: Drought in the United Kingdom

text: if a drought has occurred. In the longer term, drought in the United Kingdom can also be defined as "a 50% deficit over three months, or a 15% shortfall over two years". Compared to other countries, the United Kingdom definition of a drought is much less severe. In Libya in the Sahel region, a drought is usually only recognized after two years without any measurable rainfall. If this were to happen in the United Kingdom, the consequences would be disastrous. A different type of drought is the hydrological or agricultural drought. In this case there is moisture in the soil,

title: Countries of the United Kingdom

text: broadly two interpretations of British identity, with ethnic and civic dimensions: Of the two perspectives of British identity, the civic definition has become the dominant idea and in this capacity, Britishness is sometimes considered an institutional or overarching state identity. This has been used to explain why first-, second- and third-generation immigrants are more likely to describe themselves as British, rather than English, Northern Irish, Scottish or Welsh, because it is an "institutional, inclusive" identity, that can be acquired through naturalisation and British nationality law; the vast majority of people in the United Kingdom who are from an ethnic minority

title: Television in the United Kingdom

text: the joint venture are Alibi, Drama, Dave, Eden, Gold, Good Food, Really, Home, W, Yesterday plus a number of timeshift and high-definition services. British television differs from other countries, such as the United States, in as much that programmes produced in the United Kingdom do not generally have a long 'season' run of around 20 weeks. Instead, they are produced in a series, a set of episodes varying in length, usually aired over a period of a few months. See List of British television series. 100 Greatest British Television Programmes was a list compiled in 2000 by the British Film

title: United Kingdom in the Eurovision Song Contest 1957

text: performance of "All", performing third that night following Luxembourg with "Amours mortes (tant de peine)" and preceding Italy with "Corde della mia chitarra". At the close of voting, the United Kingdom had received six points and finished seventh among the ten countries. However, the United Kingdom had received points from five of the nine other countries, which means more than half of them. It would take the United Kingdom until 1978 not to finish in the first half of the scoreboard again. United Kingdom in the Eurovision Song Contest 1957 The United Kingdom took part in the Eurovision Song Contest

title: Digital radio in the United Kingdom

text: is a major upgrade to DAB, widely used in other countries in Europe. It was first tested in the United Kingdom in 2013 before regular services were launched in 2016. DAB+ is not backwards compatible with DAB so older radios cannot receive DAB+ stations. There are no plans in the foreseeable future for the vast majority of BBC and commercial stations to transition from DAB to DAB+. Estimates given by multiplex operator Switch Digital suggests that a third of radio sets in 2016 were DAB+ compatible. The United Kingdom Government had previously ruled out any transition from DAB to DAB+

title: Welfare state in the United Kingdom

text: 4% annually on average due to an ageing population, leading to a reduction in provision. Charges for dentures, and spectacles were introduced in 1951 by the same Labour government that had founded the NHS three years earlier, and prescription charges by the successive Conservative Government were introduced in 1952. In 1988, free eye tests for all were abolished, although they are now free for the over-60s. Policies differ in different countries of the United Kingdom, but the provision of a welfare state is still a basic principle of government policy in the United Kingdom today. The principle of health care

title: Sham marriage in the United Kingdom

text: marriage was also referenced by Section 24 of the Immigration and Asylum Act 1999. Sham marriage in the United Kingdom Sham marriage in the United Kingdom is a form of immigration fraud in the UK, primarily London, conducted systematically to gain British citizenship in exchange for short-term financial gain. The fraud is often committed by taking advantage of loopholes in EU immigration law to circumvent customary immigration procedures. The fraud is investigated mostly by the UK Border Force and previously by the UK Border Agency. The laws applying to British citizenship are the same across all four constituent countries, and

title: Articulated buses in the United Kingdom

text: Articulated buses in the United Kingdom Articulated buses were rarely used in the United Kingdom compared to other countries, until the turn of the millennium. This was historically due to the UK preference for the double-decker bus for use on high capacity routes. As of June 2006, there were over 500 articulated buses in the UK, although they are still heavily outnumbered by double deckers. The majority of this fleet was used in London, although in August 2008 it was announced these buses would be withdrawn by end of 2011. Until 1980 articulated buses were illegal for British roads due

title: Call signs in the United Kingdom

text: with an M/ plus the additional country identifier when necessary (e.g. MM,MI, MW etc.). Holders of licences in countries signed up to CEPT TR 61-02 can operate for 3 months before needing a Great Britain call sign as issued by Ofcom. Call signs in the United Kingdom Call signs in United Kingdom include a three letter country code, and a series of letters and numbers. Call signs are regulated internationally by the ITU as well as nationally in the UK by the Office of Communications (Ofcom). It regulates amateur radio in the country as an independent regulator and competition authority

title: Roller derby in the United Kingdom

text: required to play by WFTDA rules, while members of the Canadian Women's Roller Derby Association are encouraged to join the WFTDA. Roller derby in the United Kingdom By September 2011, there were more than 1,000 amateur roller derby leagues, covering every inhabited continent, with teams in countries such as Canada, Australia, the United Kingdom, New Zealand, Germany, Belgium, Finland, Sweden and Singapore In the UK, the sport is mostly played by women. Contemporary roller derby has a basic set of rules, with variations reflecting the interests of a governing body's member leagues. The Women's Flat Track Derby Association (WFTDA), which

text: staff have usually undertaken some basic veterinary nurse training but are limited by law as to the procedures they may undertake on animals. They work alongside qualified vets and veterinary nurses to provide care and support to animal patients and their owners. Veterinary medicine in the United Kingdom Veterinary medicine in the United Kingdom is the performance of veterinary medicine by licensed professionals, and strictly regulated by statute law, notably the Veterinary Surgeons Act of 1966. Veterinary medicine is led by veterinary physicians, termed 'veterinary surgeons' (with a different meaning to how it is used in some other anglophone countries,

title: New towns in the United Kingdom

text: shopping and business services. These created a car dependency and are now not considered sustainable. Low density developments are expensive to maintain. Roads and sewers are in need of expensive upgrades. New towns in the United Kingdom The new towns in the United Kingdom were planned under the powers of the New Towns Act 1946 and later acts to relocate populations in poor or bombed-out housing following the Second World War. They were developed in three waves. Later developments included the expanded towns: existing towns which were substantially expanded to accommodate what was called the "overspill" population from densely populated

title: Administrative geography of the United Kingdom

text: variety of terms is used to refer to its constituent parts, which are sometimes called the four countries of the United Kingdom. The four are sometimes collectively referred to as the Home Nations, particularly in sporting contexts. Although the four countries are important for legal and governmental purposes, they are not comparable to administrative subdivisions of most other countries. Historically, the subnational divisions of the UK have been the county and the ecclesiastical parish, whilst following the emergence of a unified parliament of the United Kingdom, the ward and constituency have been pan-UK political subdivisions. More contemporary divisions include Lieutenancy

title: Sports broadcasting contracts in the United Kingdom

text: Sports broadcasting contracts in the United Kingdom This article refers to sports broadcasting rights in the United Kingdom. For a list of sports broadcasting rights in other countries, see List of sports television broadcast contracts. Certain sporting events are protected by the Ofcom Code on Sports and Other Listed and Designated Events and must be broadcast live and free-to-air on terrestrial television in the UK. Presently, free-to-air means a TV channel which is free and covers 95% of the population. Qualifying free-to-air channels are BBC One, BBC Two, ITV, Channel 4 and Channel 5. With Ofcom permission, certain events are

title: Hydraulic fracturing in the United Kingdom

text: Hydraulic fracturing in the United Kingdom Hydraulic fracturing in the United Kingdom started in the late 1970s with fracturing of the conventional oil and gas fields of the North Sea. It has been used in about 200 British onshore oil and gas wells since the early 1980s. The technique did not attract attention until licences use were awarded for onshore shale gas exploration in 2008. In the United Kingdom, as in other countries—and in particular the United States, where the industry is most advanced and widespread, hydraulic fracturing has generated a large amount of controversy. Although hydraulic fracturing is often

title: Landfills in the United Kingdom

text: the environment and sustainable development the Government has prepared a waste strategy. The waste strategy policy on landfill is to promote landfill practices which will achieve stabilisation of landfill sites within one generation. This policy is to be implemented through guidance set out in a revised series of waste management papers on landfill. In addition, the United Kingdom and many other countries are parties to the 1992 agreement on sustainable development at the Earth Summit. The United Kingdom's strategy for sustainable development was published in 1994. In the field of waste management, the strategy requires that the present generation should

title: Austrians in the United Kingdom

text: Austrians in the United Kingdom Austrians in the United Kingdom include citizens or non-citizen immigrants of the United Kingdom who originate from Austria. Austrians have been present in what is now the UK for centuries as merchants, traders and diplomats, but it was only during the 1930s when Austrians came to the UK in significant numbers. The vast majority of these were Austrian Jews who fled to the UK to escape the Nazi leadership during the period of the Third Reich or 'National Socialist Period' (1933–1945). According to the 2001 UK Census, 19,511 Austrian-born people were living in the UK,

title: Mining in the United Kingdom

text: in the United Kingdom from both deep mines and surface mines. In addition to the coal being mined on land, large reserves of oil and natural gas are being tapped in the North Sea. the United Kingdom was the tenth largest producer of natural gas in the world. Natural gas reserves are concentrated in three areas: The United Kingdom has an estimated 780 million tonnes of proved and probable oil reserves; most of these oil reserves are located on the United Kingdom Continental Shelf in the North Sea off the eastern coast of the United Kingdom. There are also sizable

title: Taxation in the United Kingdom

text: payers). With both versions up to 5 percent for each complete year of investment can be taken without an immediate tax liability (subject to a maximum total of 100 percent of the original investment). On this basis, investors can plan an income stream while deferring any chargeable withdrawals until they are on a lower rate of tax, are no longer a United Kingdom resident, or their death. Trusts can be offshore if all trustees are non-resident. Such trusts can own foreign-operated companies. Corporation tax rates can be lower in some countries and where we still have double taxation treaties. However,

title: United Kingdom in the Junior Eurovision Song Contest

text: Tom Morley with the song "My Song For The World", which finished in third place out of sixteen participating entries, achieving a score of one hundred and eighteen points. United Kingdom withdrew from competing in the Junior Eurovision Song Contest in 2006, and have yet to return to the contest. The United Kingdom are one of the sixteen countries to have made their debut at the inaugural Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2003, which took place on 15 November 2003 at the Forum in Copenhagen, Denmark. Child-singer, Tom Morley, was the first participant to represent the United Kingdom with the song

title: Feminism in the United Kingdom

text: Feminism in the United Kingdom As in other countries, feminism in the United Kingdom seeks to establish political, social, and economic equality for women. The history of feminism in Britain dates to the very beginnings of feminism itself, as many of the earliest feminist writers and activists—such as Mary Wollstonecraft, Barbara Bodichon, and Lydia Becker—were British. The advent of the reformist age during the 19th century meant that those invisible minorities or marginalised majorities were to find a catalyst and a microcosm in such new tendencies of reform. Robert Owen, while asking for "social reorganisation", was laying down the basis

title: Religion in the United Kingdom

text: religion; as it currently stands, the Jewish as ethnicity section is not documented on the census. The Bahá'í Faith in the United Kingdom has a historical connection with the earliest phases of the Bahá'í Faith starting in 1845 and has had a major effect on the development of communities of the religion in far flung nations around the world. It is estimated that between 1951 and 1993, Bahá'ís from the United Kingdom settled in 138 countries. The earliest Buddhist influence on Britain came through its imperial connections with Southeast Asia, and as a result the early connections were with the

title: Metrication in the United Kingdom

text: where all newly installed meters record usage in cubic metres, but many older installations will measure in cubic feet. A 1970s study by the United Kingdom chemical industry estimated costs at £6m over seven years, or 0.25% of expected capital investment over the change period. Other estimates ranged from 0.04% of a large company's turnover spread over seven years to 2% of a small company's turnover for a single year. Many companies reported recouping their costs within a year as a result of improved production. Some 90% of United Kingdom exports go to metric countries (as only Liberia, Myanmar and

title: Green electricity in the United Kingdom

text: Obviously, the criteria Ecotricity has chosen to measure itself against other companies has been selected to suit Ecotricity. We don’t think the ASA has considered what it calls “suitable comparative data” before reaching its conclusions." In the UK, wood counts as a renewable fuel and the Drax power station burns a large mass of it. Biofuelwatch has criticized this wood burning, saying "In return for trashing forests and digging up communities, Drax is receiving massive subsidies, when it should have been closed down years ago". Green electricity in the United Kingdom Green electricity in the United Kingdom. There are a