query: what type of government does australia use?

title: Government of Australia

text: the Manager of Opposition Business in the House, appointed by the Leader of the Opposition in the Commonwealth parliament, currently Bill Shorten. The Australian Constitution dates from 1901, when the Dominions of the British Empire were not sovereign states, and does not use the term "head of state". As Australia is a constitutional monarchy, government and academic sources describe the Queen as head of state. In practice, the role of head of state of Australia is divided between two people, the Queen of Australia and the Governor-General of Australia, who is appointed by the Queen on the advice of the

title: Government of Australia

text: first state to exercise this both symbolic and real independence was the Irish Free State. Australia and other dominions soon followed. Government of Australia The Government of the Commonwealth of Australia (also referred to as the Australian Government, the Commonwealth Government, the Federal Government, and formally Her Majesty's Government) is the government of the Commonwealth of Australia, a federal parliamentary constitutional monarchy. The Commonwealth of Australia was formed in 1901 as a result of an agreement among six self-governing British colonies, which became the six states. The terms of this contract are embodied in the Australian Constitution, which was drawn

title: Government of Australia

text: Government of Australia The Government of the Commonwealth of Australia (also referred to as the Australian Government, the Commonwealth Government, the Federal Government, and formally Her Majesty's Government) is the government of the Commonwealth of Australia, a federal parliamentary constitutional monarchy. The Commonwealth of Australia was formed in 1901 as a result of an agreement among six self-governing British colonies, which became the six states. The terms of this contract are embodied in the Australian Constitution, which was drawn up at a Constitutional Convention and ratified by the people of the colonies at referendums. The Australian head of state is

title: Government of Western Australia

text: Government of Western Australia The Government of Western Australia, also referred to formally as Her Majesty's Government of Western Australia, or as the Western Australian Government or the West Australian Government, is the Australian state democratic administrative authority of Western Australia. The Government of Western Australia, a parliamentary constitutional monarchy, was formed in 1890 as prescribed in its Constitution, as amended from time to time. Since the Federation of Australia in 1901, Western Australia has been a state of the Commonwealth of Australia, and the Constitution of Australia regulates its relationship with the Commonwealth. Under the Australian Constitution, Western Australia

title: Government of South Australia

text: Government of South Australia The Government of South Australia, also referred to as the South Australian Government, is the Australian state democratic administrative authority of South Australia. The Government of South Australia, a parliamentary constitutional monarchy, was formed in 1856 as prescribed in its Constitution, as amended from time to time. Since the Federation of Australia in 1901, South Australia has been a state of the Commonwealth of Australia, and the Constitution of Australia regulates its relationship with the Commonwealth. Under the Australian Constitution, South Australia ceded legislative and judicial supremacy to the Commonwealth, but retained powers in all matters

title: Government of South Australia

text: and regulations, including legal interpretation, by a number of agencies grouped under areas of portfolio responsibility. Each portfolio is led by a government minister who is a member of the Parliament. there were twenty one (21) lead agencies, called government departments, that consist of: A range of other agencies support the functions of these departments. Government of South Australia The Government of South Australia, also referred to as the South Australian Government, is the Australian state democratic administrative authority of South Australia. The Government of South Australia, a parliamentary constitutional monarchy, was formed in 1856 as prescribed in its Constitution,

title: What Kate Does

text: week." VanDerWerff of the "LA Times", Ryan of the "Chicago Tribune", Sepinwall of "The Star-Ledger", Jensen of "Entertainment Weekly" and Mark Medley of the "National Post" also found the episode to contain humorous lines. This episode was watched by 11 million American viewers and 1.57 million Canadian viewers. What Kate Does "What Kate Does" is the 106th television episode of the American Broadcasting Company's "Lost" and third episode of the sixth season. It was written by executive producers Edward Kitsis and Adam Horowitz and directed in September 2009 by Paul Edwards. "What Kate Does" was first aired February 9, 2010,

title: What Kate Does

text: What Kate Does "What Kate Does" is the 106th television episode of the American Broadcasting Company's "Lost" and third episode of the sixth season. It was written by executive producers Edward Kitsis and Adam Horowitz and directed in September 2009 by Paul Edwards. "What Kate Does" was first aired February 9, 2010, on ABC in the United States and on CTV in Canada. Kate Austen is the character on whom the episode is centered. In December 2007, Kate Austen chases after James "Sawyer" Ford (Josh Holloway), who escapes from the Others' captivity in the island's temple and is grieving over

title: What She Does Best

text: What She Does Best What She Does Best is a studio album by country singer Lynn Anderson, released in 1988. It was her only album with Mercury records. Notable due to featuring her last charting single, "What She Does Best" did not chart and was commercially unsuccessful. It would be her last album for four years, as Anderson went into a brief retirement and officially retired from releasing singles. The singles from this disc were "Under the Boardwalk" (a cover version of The Drifters' hit), "What He Does Best", and "How Many Hearts". "Under the Boardwalk" reached No. 24; the

title: Illicit drug use in Australia

text: prisoners in Australia. From 2013-2017, the amount of people imprisoned for illicit drug crimes increased faster than people imprisoned for any other type of crime. In 1990, 1347 people were in prison with the most serious offence being an illicit drug offence. This was 10% of all prisoners in Australia. Between 2015 and 2016, in Australia there were a total of 154,538 recorded arrests relating to illicit drugs. Illicit drug use in Australia Illicit drug use in Australia is the recreational use of prohibited drugs in Australia. Illicit drugs include illegal drugs (such as cannabis, opiates, and certain types of

title: What Kate Does

text: reviews"; however, this was down significantly from the previous episode's 89 and Bonnie Covel of About.com noted that " 'What Kate Does' brought us a bit of negativity. In general, fans just didn't like the episode". "What Kate Does" was largely considered to be a step down from the season premiere in pacing, revelations and writing; Mike Hale of "The New York Times" described the episode as "contemplative", "anticlimactic" and "subdued" and the flash sideways as "kind of boring and seemingly pointless." Chris Carabott of IGN, who gave the episode a score of 7.3 summed up that " 'What Kate

title: What She Does Best

text: other singles charted far outside the Top 40. "How Many Hearts" was the last single Anderson released, and it peaked at No. 69 on the country charts in 1989. The album's cover shows Anderson leaning on a fancy sports car, wearing a classic 1980s outfit. What She Does Best What She Does Best is a studio album by country singer Lynn Anderson, released in 1988. It was her only album with Mercury records. Notable due to featuring her last charting single, "What She Does Best" did not chart and was commercially unsuccessful. It would be her last album for four

title: Administration (government)

text: also true of the non-European members of the Commonwealth of Nations. An older, chiefly Commonwealth usage, is the term "ministry", as in "Churchill Ministry", which is still in official and academic use in Britain, Australia and Canada to refer the terms of prime ministers. Depending on the type of government, the word coalition may be used for a specific government. In the Netherlands, cabinet is the most-used term (as in "the fourth Balkenende cabinet"), although "coalition" or "government" are also used when one does not refer to a specific coalition (note that the two terms have slightly different meanings). Administration

title: Fair use

text: in place, although this does vary. Fair dealing is established in legislation in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, Singapore, India, South Africa and the United Kingdom, among others. While Australian copyright exceptions are based on the Fair Dealing system, since 1998 a series of Australian government inquiries have examined, and in most cases recommended, the introduction of a "flexible and open" Fair Use system into Australian copyright law. From 1998 to 2017 there have been eight Australian government inquiries which have considered the question of whether fair use should be adopted in Australia. Six reviews have recommended Australia adopt a "Fair

title: History of fair use proposals in Australia

text: use include: History of fair use proposals in Australia The history of fair-use proposals in Australia is a series of Australian government enquiries into the introduction of a "flexible and open" "fair use" system into Australian copyright law. Between 1998 and 2016, eight enquiries examined, and in most cases recommended, the introduction of fair use in place of the current "fair dealing" system which allows copyrighted material to be used only if it meets one of four specific purposes as set out in the Act. A change to a fair-use system would allow copyright material to be used "without" the

text: History of fair use proposals in Australia The history of fair-use proposals in Australia is a series of Australian government enquiries into the introduction of a "flexible and open" "fair use" system into Australian copyright law. Between 1998 and 2016, eight enquiries examined, and in most cases recommended, the introduction of fair use in place of the current "fair dealing" system which allows copyrighted material to be used only if it meets one of four specific purposes as set out in the Act. A change to a fair-use system would allow copyright material to be used "without" the copyright owner's

title: P.S.K. What Does It Mean?

text: P.S.K. What Does It Mean? "P.S.K. What Does It Mean?" (also written as "P.S.K. (What Does It Mean?)") is a song released in 1985 by Philadelphia rapper Schoolly D on his independent label Schoolly D Records. P.S.K. is the abbreviation for Park Side Killas, a street gang with which Schoolly D was affiliated. The highly influential song is considered the first hardcore rap song and features incidents of graphic sex, gunplay, drug references and one of the first uses of the word "nigga" in a rap song (earlier uses include "Scoopy Rap" and "Family Rap" in 1979, and "New York

title: Illicit drug use in Australia

text: Illicit drug use in Australia Illicit drug use in Australia is the recreational use of prohibited drugs in Australia. Illicit drugs include illegal drugs (such as cannabis, opiates, and certain types of stimulants), pharmaceutical drugs (such as pain-killers and tranquillisers) when used for non-medical purposes, and other substances used inappropriately (such as inhalants). According to government and community organisations, the use and abuse, and the illegality, of illicit drugs is a social, health and legal issue that creates an annual illegal market estimated to be worth 6.7 billion. Prior to Australian Federation, there was little policy response to the use

title: What Difference Does It Make?

text: What Difference Does It Make? "What Difference Does It Make?" is a song by the English rock band the Smiths, written by singer Morrissey and guitarist Johnny Marr. It was the band's third single and is featured on their debut album, "The Smiths". A different version, recorded for the John Peel Show on BBC Radio 1, is included in the compilation album "Hatful of Hollow". The song was one of the band's first significant chart hits, peaking at No. 12 in the UK Singles Chart. However, Morrissey has said "What Difference Does It Make?" is among his least favourite songs

title: Methamphetamine use in Australia

text: scene in Australia, it has developed and stronger forms of methamphetamine such as Crystal Methamphetamine has in turn increased in the usages over the past decade. In studies conducted by the Australian Government, between 1998 and 2010 there has been a slight decrease in the methamphetamine drug use in Australia; furthermore, between 2007 and 2010 methamphetamine use in males decreased from 9.8% to 6.8%. Since 2007, the trend has decreased in association to drug use with methamphetamine; however, after 2010 the trend according to the Australian Bureau of Statistics indicate an increase in drug use and drug offenses occurring in

title: What Does Anything Mean? Basically

text: of its icy church keyboards and delay-ridden guitars". Chris Jenkins, in the book "The Rough Guide to Rock", however, called it "as half-baked as its title". What Does Anything Mean? Basically What Does Anything Mean? Basically is the second studio album by English post-punk band the Chameleons. It was recorded in January 1985 and released 1 October 1985 by record label Statik. One single was released from the album: "Singing Rule Britannia (While the Walls Close In)". "What Does Anything Mean? Basically" was recorded in January 1985 at Highland Studios in Inverness, Scotland. The album's sole single, "Singing Rule Britannia

title: What Does Anything Mean? Basically

text: What Does Anything Mean? Basically What Does Anything Mean? Basically is the second studio album by English post-punk band the Chameleons. It was recorded in January 1985 and released 1 October 1985 by record label Statik. One single was released from the album: "Singing Rule Britannia (While the Walls Close In)". "What Does Anything Mean? Basically" was recorded in January 1985 at Highland Studios in Inverness, Scotland. The album's sole single, "Singing Rule Britannia (While the Walls Close In)", was released on 1 August 1985. This song used uncredited Lennon-McCartney lyrics, with the final passage of the song quoting key

title: What Difference Does It Make?

text: and the covers featuring Morrissey are now very rare and collectible. "What Difference Does It Make?" was released without an accompanying music video. Speaking to Tony Fletcher on "The Tube" in 1984, Morrissey remarked that he felt that the video market was something that was going to "die very quickly", and that he wanted to "herald the death" of it. What Difference Does It Make? "What Difference Does It Make?" is a song by the English rock band the Smiths, written by singer Morrissey and guitarist Johnny Marr. It was the band's third single and is featured on their debut

title: P.S.K. What Does It Mean?

text: was first used on the song "Rock 'N' Roll" which later became "You'll Be Under My Wheels". The second time they used it is from a song called "Lyrical Terrorist" which later became "Serial Thrilla", but it was soon used on the album "The Day Is My Enemy". P.S.K. What Does It Mean? "P.S.K. What Does It Mean?" (also written as "P.S.K. (What Does It Mean?)") is a song released in 1985 by Philadelphia rapper Schoolly D on his independent label Schoolly D Records. P.S.K. is the abbreviation for Park Side Killas, a street gang with which Schoolly D was

text: listed in the Australian Copyright Act. The primary purpose-based exceptions are the fair dealing exceptions for: A number of specific exceptions cover uses such as: Other than in Australia, in 2017 "Fair Dealing" is used in countries including the UK, New Zealand and Canada. From 1998 to 2017 there have been eight Australian government inquiries which have considered the question of whether fair use should be adopted in Australia. Six reviews have recommended Australia adopt a "fair use" model of copyright exceptions: two inquiries specifically into the Copyright Act (1998, 2014); and four broader reviews (both 2004, 2013, 2016). One

title: Local government in Australia

text: centres in Queensland and Western Australia simply use the term "Town". New South Wales and Queensland have introduced a new term, "Region", for LGAs formed by the amalgamation of smaller shires and rural cities. Historically, the word "Borough" was common for small towns and metropolitan areas in Victoria, but only the Borough of Queenscliffe remains. In New South Wales, where the "Local Government Act" does not require a designation, some local governments are legally known simply as "Councils", such as Port Macquarie-Hastings Council, Inner West Council, or Federation Council. All the LGAs in Tasmania that were previously 'Municipalities' have been

title: What Kate Does

text: the death of his love Juliet Burke (Elizabeth Mitchell) just hours earlier. In flash sideways to September 22, 2004, Kate assists a pregnant Claire Littleton (Emilie de Ravin) while on the run as a fugitive. The title alludes to the second season episode "What Kate Did". "What Kate Does" was watched by eleven million Americans and received mixed reviews by audiences and critics alike. In flash sideways, Kate Austen (Evangeline Lilly) flees LAX in a taxicab she has hijacked, in which a pregnant Claire Littleton (Emilie de Ravin) is a passenger. The cab driver (David H. Lawrence XVII) bails and

title: Government of Western Australia

text: the ambit of the Australian Constitution. Ministries as at 17 March 2017: The following individuals serve as government ministers, at the pleasure of the Queen, represented by the Governor of Western Australia. The government cabinet and ministers are listed, while the shadow minister are listed against their opposing portfolio, to the best possible match. All ministers and shadow ministers are members of the Parliament of Western Australia. Government of Western Australia The Government of Western Australia, also referred to formally as Her Majesty's Government of Western Australia, or as the Western Australian Government or the West Australian Government, is the

title: Government of Australia

text: the Queen of Australia who is represented by the Governor-General of Australia, with executive powers delegated by constitutional convention to the Australian head of government, the Prime Minister of Australia. The Government of the Commonwealth of Australia is divided into the executive branch, composed of the Federal Executive Council presided by the Governor-General, which delegates powers to the Cabinet of Australia led by the Prime Minister, the legislative branch composed of the Parliament of Australia's House of Representatives and Senate, and the judicial branch composed of the High Court of Australia and federal courts. Separation of powers is implied by

title: Illicit drug use in Australia

text: The 2012 United Nations World Drug Report published data that indicated that Australia has one of the highest global prevalence of cannabis use. The report also stated that cocaine use had increased over the four years leading up to 2012. The use of 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-methylamphetamine (MDMA), more commonly known as "Ecstasy", declined from 3.7 per cent to 3.0 percent between 2007 and 2010; however, the highest number of manufacturing laboratory interceptions occurred in Australia during this period. The Australian government enacted numerous policies in response to illicit drug use. During the 1980s, it was one of the first countries to enact

title: What Does the K Stand For?

text: What Does the K Stand For? What Does the K Stand For? is a BBC Radio Four sitcom series based on the experiences of comedian Stephen K. Amos growing up as a teenager in south London in the 1980s. The broadcast of the first series began in November 2013; the third series commenced in January 2017. Reviewing Series 1, Episode 1 for "Radio Times", Tristram Fane Saunders found the show suited Amos "down to the ground; there's a touch of "Seinfeld" about "What Does the K Stand for?" in the way it flows from stand up into a deliciously awkward

title: Data type

text: built from primitive types. A type system associates types with computed values. By examining the flow of these values, a type system attempts to prove that no "type errors" can occur. The type system in question determines what constitutes a type error, but a type system generally seeks to guarantee that operations expecting a certain kind of value are not used with values for which that operation does not make sense. A compiler may use the static type of a value to optimize the storage it needs and the choice of algorithms for operations on the value. In many C

title: Australia and New Zealand School of Government

text: Australia and New Zealand School of Government The Australia and New Zealand School of Government (ANZSOG) is an educational institution that teaches strategic management and high-level policy to public sector leaders. Formed in 2002 by a consortium of governments, universities and business schools from Australia and New Zealand, the School is home to a substantial research program that aims to deepen government, community and academic understanding of public administration, policy and management. ANZSOG also administers an internationally recognised case teaching program with outstanding teachers and a library of case studies, developed specifically for the use of ANZSOG and its affiliates,

title: What Does Anything Mean? Basically

text: lyrics of the Beatles song "She Said, She Said". "What Does Anything Mean? Basically" was released 1 October 1985 on record label Statik. "What Does Anything Mean? Basically" has been generally well received by critics. In his retrospective review, Ned Raggett of AllMusic called it "[a] rarity of sophomore albums, something that at once made the band all the more unique in its sound while avoiding a repetition of earlier work. [...] an astounding record." "Trouser Press" called it "even better" than "Script of the Bridge", "with much stronger production underscoring both the band's direct power and the ghostly atmospherics

title: The purpose of a system is what it does

text: The purpose of a system is what it does The purpose of a system is what it does (POSIWID) is a systems thinking heuristic coined by Stafford Beer. Stafford Beer coined the term POSIWID and used it many times in public addresses. In his address to the University of Valladolid, Spain, in October 2001, he said "According to the cybernetician, the purpose of a system is what it does. This is a basic dictum. It stands for bald fact, which makes a better starting point in seeking understanding than the familiar attributions of good intention, prejudices about expectations, moral judgment,

title: What Does the Bee Do?

text: the bomb that Slater set explodes, badly burning one of them. "What Does The Bee Do?" is a children's poem from the late 1800s by Christina Rossetti. Margaret Schroeder's daughter recites it in the episode. "IGN" gave the episode a score of 8.5 out of 10, saying that it "effortlessly hits that sweet spot between advancing the plot while developing characters, much in the same way that the Season 2 premiere did." "The A.V. Club" rated the episode an "A-". The episode was watched by 2.546 million viewers. It fell two tenths, to 1.0 million adults 18-49 rating. What Does

title: The purpose of a system is what it does

text: be balanced by a more straightforwardly descriptive view. The term is used in many fields including biology and management. The purpose of a system is what it does The purpose of a system is what it does (POSIWID) is a systems thinking heuristic coined by Stafford Beer. Stafford Beer coined the term POSIWID and used it many times in public addresses. In his address to the University of Valladolid, Spain, in October 2001, he said "According to the cybernetician, the purpose of a system is what it does. This is a basic dictum. It stands for bald fact, which makes

title: What Does the Bee Do?

text: What Does the Bee Do? "What Does the Bee Do?" is the fourth episode of the second season of the HBO television series "Boardwalk Empire", and 16th episode overall. First aired on October 16, 2011, it was written by executive story editor Steve Kornacki and directed by Ed Bianchi. Nucky looks to Rothstein for a port to receive alcohol, since the Coast Guard is blockading Atlantic City. Rothstein instructs Lansky and Luciano to oversee the Philadelphia delivery. Nucky also sends Owen Sleater to bomb Doyle's still. Margaret asks for 'money for the children' from Nucky, which she proceeds to hide

title: What Kate Does

text: doesn't quite know how to write a woman of action who's also in love … many of the show's Kate flashbacks are just plain silly … there have been a lot of pretty dire Kate episodes." Whitney Matheson of "USA Today" said that she "wanted to stab Kate with a hot poker" after watching "What Kate Does". Josh Holloway's supporting performance as a grieving Sawyer was commended by Carabott of IGN, who said that his acting on the dock as he cried and revealed to Kate that he was going to ask Juliet to marry him was "one of Josh

title: What Kate Does

text: that it by no means compared to "LA X", but stated that it "contain[ed] scenes of incredible beauty, based on character work and stakes earned over five seasons [that] made it a fine, if imperfect, hour." McGee also commented that the scene in which Claire arrives at the hospital and is helped by Ethan as "freakin' outstanding" and called "What Kate Does" "one of the funniest in the show's history. Aldo, Hurley, and Miles all got off plenty of zingers, which will be necessary in a season in which both mythological and dramatic stakes are raising higher and higher each

title: What Kate Does

text: had hidden and later talks with Kate at Dharma's dock. He explains that he planned to propose to Juliet and that he blames himself for her death, saying that he convinced her to stay on the island with him because he was lonely. Meanwhile, Jin is caught by the Others, who want to kill him instead of taking him back. Suddenly, someone shoots them and Jin is shocked to see that the shooter is Claire. The episode has received mixed reviews. Critical review aggregate website Metacritic awarded "What Kate Does" a score of 64 out of 100, indicating "generally favorable

title: What Does the K Stand For?

text: feel less like real people than excuses to weave in a few good dad jokes". Overall, Elan found, "What lifts the show are the elements of diaspora life weaved throughout, as when Aunty Princess visits from Nigeria and accuses Virginia [Stephen's mother] of cultural betrayal ('You have adopted too many fine and fancy British ways'). Stephen defends the family by suggesting she should 'go back home', prompting him to reflect that he has turned into his own racist enemy. It's unexpectedly thoughtful stuff, suggesting the third series may be even better." What Does the K Stand For? What Does the

title: Does exactly what it says on the tin

text: began a similar copycat advertising campaign in Ireland stating that its product "does exactly what it says on the tube". The phrase is a registered trademark of the Sherwin-Williams Company, the owner of Ronseal, across the European Community for products including paints, varnishes, and wood preservatives (E3085826). In 2007, a song titled "What It Says on the Tin" was released by the British singer Katie Melua. Although the song is about relationships, the phrase has a similar meaning. Does exactly what it says on the tin "It does exactly what it says on the tin" was originally an advertising slogan

text: the Productivity Commission (PC) was tasked by the then Treasurer, Joe Hockey, with investigating whether the "current [Australian Intellectual Property] arrangements provide an appropriate balance between access to ideas and products, and encouraging innovation, investment and the production of creative works". Its conclusions, published in December 2016, "reignited the copyright wars" in Australia by recommending, among other things, the introduction of fair use and the removal of parallel import restrictions (PIRs), also referred to as "territorial copyright", on books. A formal response from the government to the report is expected in mid-2017. In the public debate, the PC's fair use

text: federal government proposes to do something neither the Brits nor Americans propose to do [to] their writers: to slice Australian authors’ copyright to 15–25 years after publication." This prompted the relevant Minister, Mitch Fifield, to reject these claims stating that a reduction of the copyright term "is not something the Government has considered, proposed or intends to do", and moreover that due to its involvement in a range of free trade agreements, Australia "...has no unilateral capacity to alter copyright terms." The PC's fair use recommendation has, however, also been strongly objected to in its own rights. One major criticism

title: Government of Australia

text: the structure of the Constitution, the three branches of government being set out in separate chapters (chapters I to III). The Australian system of government combines elements of the Westminster and Washington systems with unique Australian characteristics, and has been characterised as a "Washminster mutation". Section 1 of the Australian Constitution creates a democratic legislature, the bicameral Parliament of Australia which consists of the Queen of Australia, and two houses of parliament, the Senate and the House of Representatives. Section 51 of the Constitution provides for the Commonwealth Government's legislative powers and allocates certain powers and responsibilities (known as "heads

title: Illicit drug use in Australia

text: country to prevent the tragedy from re-occurring. However, despite state and federal governments investing millions of dollars in anti-drug campaigns, ecstasy use has increased amongst Australians, including young people. During the 1990s, Australia experienced a heroin "epidemic", in which high quality, low priced heroin, imported from South East Asia, was readily available in many metropolitan, suburban and rural areas. However, since 2001, Australia has been experiencing what is being referred to as a "heroin drought", with high grade heroin being much more difficult to access. As a result of this, many other illicit drugs have risen and fallen in popularity

title: Caretaker government of Australia

text: Caretaker government of Australia In Australian political and constitutional terminology, a caretaker government is a government of Australia from when the House of Representatives (usually but not necessarily concurrently with the Senate) is dissolved by the Governor-General prior to a general election to a period after the election, until the next ministry is appointed. A caretaker government is expected to conduct itself in accordance with a series of well-defined conventions administered by the Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet, but there is no law compelling the caretaker government to do so. Under normal circumstances, there is no separate appointment

title: The Fox (What Does the Fox Say?)

text: neighborhood in Edwards Landing, Leesburg, Virginia, who every Halloween creates an LED light show with a hit song. This song appears in "Just Dance 2015". This song for Leicester City title song parody "What do the Foxes Say?" in 442oons video. !scope="col" colspan="3"| Streaming Note: The Fox (What Does the Fox Say?) "The Fox (What Does the Fox Say?)" is an electronic dance novelty song and viral video by Norwegian comedy duo Ylvis. The top trending video of 2013 on YouTube, "The Fox" was posted on the video-sharing website on 3 September 2013, and has received over 800 million views

title: Caretaker government of Australia

text: relaxed because of the state of war, with the support of all major parties. Caretaker government of Australia In Australian political and constitutional terminology, a caretaker government is a government of Australia from when the House of Representatives (usually but not necessarily concurrently with the Senate) is dissolved by the Governor-General prior to a general election to a period after the election, until the next ministry is appointed. A caretaker government is expected to conduct itself in accordance with a series of well-defined conventions administered by the Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet, but there is no law compelling

title: What Does It Take (To Win Your Love)

text: G (with Ellis Hall on vocals) covered this tune on his 1986 album "Duotones". What Does It Take (To Win Your Love) "What Does It Take (To Win Your Love)" is a 1968 song that was a 1969 hit single by Jr. Walker & The All Stars. The single was one of Jr. Walker's most successful releases, becoming a hit on both the R&B and pop singles charts. "What Does It Take (To Win Your Love)," written by Johnny Bristol, Harvey Fuqua, and Vernon Bullock, made it into the top five on the Hot 100, and became Jr. Walker's second

title: What Does It Take (To Win Your Love)

text: What Does It Take (To Win Your Love) "What Does It Take (To Win Your Love)" is a 1968 song that was a 1969 hit single by Jr. Walker & The All Stars. The single was one of Jr. Walker's most successful releases, becoming a hit on both the R&B and pop singles charts. "What Does It Take (To Win Your Love)," written by Johnny Bristol, Harvey Fuqua, and Vernon Bullock, made it into the top five on the Hot 100, and became Jr. Walker's second number one on the R&B charts. The song was also a hit in the

title: What Has Government Done to Our Money?

text: What Has Government Done to Our Money? What Has Government Done to Our Money? is a 1963 book by Murray N. Rothbard that details the history of money, from early barter systems, to the gold standard, to present day systems of paper money. Rothbard explains how money was originally developed, and why gold was chosen as the preferred commodity to use as money. The essay, "What Has Government Done to Our Money?" was written by Rothbard as an objective historical account with a provocative title. In contrast, "The Case for a 100 Percent Gold Dollar" was an essay with an

title: Government of South Australia

text: by the premier of South Australia and the cabinet, who are appointed by the governor, but who hold office by virtue of their ability to command the support of a majority of members of the House of Assembly. Judicial power is exercised by the Supreme Court of South Australia and a system of subordinate courts, but the High Court of Australia and other federal courts have overriding jurisdiction on matters which fall under the ambit of the Australian constitution. The current ministry of the South Australian Government comprises the following Liberal members: The South Australian Government delivers services, determines policy

title: Caretaker government of Australia

text: exception came in 1972, when Gough Whitlam had himself and his deputy, Lance Barnard, sworn in as a two-man government on 5 December, only three days after the election, as soon as Labor's victory over the Coalition was beyond doubt. That lasted until Whitlam's full ministry was sworn in on 19 December. The first Australian federal government, headed by Prime Minister Edmund Barton, was sworn in on 1 January 1901, the day on which the Federation of Australia took effect, whereby the six colonies of New South Wales, Victoria, Queensland, South Australia, Western Australia and Tasmania became States of the

title: Caretaker government of Australia

text: Commonwealth of Australia. The first election for the new Parliament of Australia was not held until 29 and 30 March 1901. In the meantime, Barton's government operated in a caretaker capacity but, due to the need to quickly establish administrative processes and make important appointments, they were not as inhibited by the caretaker conventions as later governments were. In June 1914, a double dissolution election was called for 5 September, with the incumbent government duly going into caretaker mode. However, Britain declared war against Germany in August, and Australia went onto a war footing. The caretaker conventions had to be

title: Government of Australia

text: the final court of appeal in Australia and has the jurisdiction to hear appeals on matters of both federal and state law. It has both original and appellate jurisdiction, the power of judicial review over laws passed by federal and State parliaments, and has jurisdiction to interpret the Constitution of Australia. Unlike in the United States, there is only one common law of Australia, rather than separate common laws for each State. The following corporations are prescribed by Acts of Parliament: The following corporate Commonwealth entities are prescribed as Government Business Enterprises (GBEs) by section 5(1) of the Public Governance,

title: The Fox (What Does the Fox Say?)

text: The Fox (What Does the Fox Say?) "The Fox (What Does the Fox Say?)" is an electronic dance novelty song and viral video by Norwegian comedy duo Ylvis. The top trending video of 2013 on YouTube, "The Fox" was posted on the video-sharing website on 3 September 2013, and has received over 800 million views as of November 2018. "The Fox" peaked at the top of the Norwegian Singles Chart and was hugely successful in the United States, where it peaked at number six on the "Billboard" Hot 100 for three consecutive weeks, and was, before the US release of

title: Northern Territory of Australia Government Gazette

text: to be published locally and was instead included in the Commonwealth of Australia Gazette. Since 1978, the Territory has been allowed responsible government, with a First Minister and a Legislative Assembly, within which the "Gazette" has evolved into its current form. Gazettes are now published in the following separate series: Northern Territory of Australia Government Gazette The Northern Territory of Australia Government Gazette (1869; 1873-present) is the current name for the government gazette of the Northern Territory. During the period from 1863 until 1 January 1911, the Northern Territory was annexed and then administered by the Government of South Australia,

title: What Does It Take (Dave Days song)

text: What Does It Take (Dave Days song) "What Does It Take" is a song by American singer Dave Days. It served as the third and final single from his 2010 EP "Dinner and a Movie". It is one of Dave's most recognizable songs, and was also played on Disney Channel's So Random!. The song's music video is set in a high school, where Dave realizes he has gotten the lead part in the school play. Amanda Lynn (Days' interest in the video) sees she has gotten the second lead, and runs to her boyfriend, who ignores her. Days and Lynn

title: Center of government

text: Center of government The center of government (CoG) is the institution or group of institutions that provide direct support to the chief executive (president or prime minister) in leading the management of government. Unlike line ministries and other government agencies, the CoG does not deliver services directly to the citizens, and it does not focus on a specific policy area. On the contrary, the CoG performs cross-government functions. A similar concept is "Core Executive". Two types of CoG definition exist: by structure or by function. In the first type, the defining criterion is the position in the structure of the

title: Regional reserves of South Australia

text: required. As of 30 June 2015, the seven regional reserves have been declared by the Government of South Australia covering an area of or 9.5% of the state’s land area. As of 2014, all of the following regional reserves have been classified as IUCN Category VI protected areas. Regional reserves of South Australia A Regional Reserve is a type of protected area used in South Australia that allows the use of natural resources in conjunction with the protected area’s conservation function. This class of protected area was first used in 1988 for the Innamincka Regional Reserve and as of 2015,

title: Center of government

text: East and North Africa region. Center of government The center of government (CoG) is the institution or group of institutions that provide direct support to the chief executive (president or prime minister) in leading the management of government. Unlike line ministries and other government agencies, the CoG does not deliver services directly to the citizens, and it does not focus on a specific policy area. On the contrary, the CoG performs cross-government functions. A similar concept is "Core Executive". Two types of CoG definition exist: by structure or by function. In the first type, the defining criterion is the position

title: Government of Australia

text: by the State or Territory in which they are located. Government at the Commonwealth level and the State/Territory level is undertaken by three inter-connected arms of government: The "Separation of powers" is the principle whereby the three arms of government undertake their activities largely separately from each other: Until the passage of the Australia Act 1986, and associated legislation in the Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, some Australian cases could be referred to the British Judicial Committee of the Privy Council for final appeal. With this act, Australian law was made unequivocally sovereign, and

title: Bram de Does

text: the H.N. Werkmanprize for the design. Ten years after Trinité, De Does designed his second serif typeface, Lexicon, for the Van Dale dictionary. This typeface was specifically designed for use at small pointsizes. Bram de Does Bram de Does (19 July, 1934 – 28 December, 2015) was a graphic and type designer.Born in Amsterdam, De Does studied at the Amsterdamse Grafische School in the 1950s. De Does came into contact with the printing trade at an early age, as his father had a printing office in the east of Amsterdam. From 1958 to 1988 he worked, with several intervals, at

title: Methamphetamine use in Australia

text: Methamphetamine use in Australia Methamphetamine is an illegal substance sought after by many in Australia to give oneself a ‘high’ or a ‘rush’ in their body. Methamphetamine has many names not only in Australia, but also around the world. These include Chalk, Crypto, Getgo, Tweak, and Cristy, although the two most common ones in Australia today are Speed and Ice. Users of this drug often feel senses of exhilaration and arousal as the brain is flooded with monoamines which kill receptors and leaves them wanting more as it is the only way they can have these sensations following use of

title: Government radio networks in Australia

text: in the UHF band. End user equipment is supplied by Motorola. Encryption is used by all network users. The South Australian Government Radio Network is a trunked radio network usually using Motorola APCO-P25. In essence this is a system of interconnected repeater sites, mobile (vehicle mounted), portable and static radio transceivers used within Australia for radio communications. The system is employed in South Australia by Country Fire Service, Metropolitan Fire Service, Ambulance Service, State Emergency Service, Department Of Fisheries, Volunteer Marine Rescue, Department Of Transport, St John Ambulance. It is in use in several other government agencies, as well as

title: Local government in Australia

text: which are either ski resorts or small islands: Western Australia has 3 unincorporated areas: Local government in Australia Local government in Australia is the third tier of government in Australia administered by the states and territories, which in turn are beneath the federal tier. Local government is not mentioned in the Constitution of Australia and two referenda in the 1970s and 1980s to alter the Constitution relating to local government were unsuccessful. Every state government recognises local government in their respective constitutions. Unlike Canada or the United States, there is only one level of local government in each state, with

title: Government of South Australia

text: not in conflict with the Commonwealth. South Australia is governed according to the principles of the Westminster system, a form of parliamentary government based on the model of the United Kingdom. Legislative power rests with the Parliament of South Australia, which consists of Elizabeth II, Queen of Australia, represented by the governor of South Australia, and the two Houses, the South Australian Legislative Council and the South Australian House of Assembly, with general elections held every four years. Executive power rests formally with the executive council, which consists of the governor and senior ministers. In practice, executive power is exercised

title: Government of Australia

text: of power") to the Commonwealth government. All remaining responsibilities are retained by the six States (previously separate colonies). Further, each State has its own constitution, so that Australia has seven sovereign Parliaments, none of which can encroach on the functions of any other. The High Court of Australia arbitrates on any disputes which arise between the Commonwealth and the States, or among the States, concerning their respective functions. The Commonwealth Parliament can propose changes to the Constitution. To become effective, the proposals must be put to a referendum of all Australians of voting age, and must receive a "double majority":

title: Local government areas of Western Australia

text: became towns. Local government areas of Western Australia The local government areas (LGAs) in the Australian state of Western Australia describes the 139 institutions and processes by which towns and districts can manage their own affairs to the extent permitted by the "Local Government Act 1995". The "Local Government Act 1995" also makes provision for regional local governments, established by two or more local governments for a particular purpose. There are three classifications of local government in Western Australia: The Shire of Christmas Island and the Shire of Cocos (Keeling) Islands are Federal external territories and covered by the "Indian

text: Local government areas of Western Australia The local government areas (LGAs) in the Australian state of Western Australia describes the 139 institutions and processes by which towns and districts can manage their own affairs to the extent permitted by the "Local Government Act 1995". The "Local Government Act 1995" also makes provision for regional local governments, established by two or more local governments for a particular purpose. There are three classifications of local government in Western Australia: The Shire of Christmas Island and the Shire of Cocos (Keeling) Islands are Federal external territories and covered by the "Indian Ocean Territories

title: Government of Australia

text: election and he chose the ministry, as he said he would. The cabinet meets not only in Canberra but also in state capitals, most frequently Sydney and Melbourne. Kevin Rudd was in favour of the Cabinet meeting in other places, such as major regional cities. There are Commonwealth Parliament Offices in each State Capital, with those in Sydney located in Phillip Street. There are 18 departments of the Australian Government. As a federation, in Australia judicial power is exercised by both federal and state courts. Federal judicial power is vested in the High Court of Australia and such other federal

title: Methamphetamine use in Australia

text: Welfare reported that males were more likely than females to use methamphetamine (8.2% to 5.9% respectively) and 20- to 29-year-olds were most likely to have used methamphetamine recently. The study also found, for people aged 14 years or older, the highest level of recent methamphetamine use was found among those who stated they were homosexual/bisexual (7.1%). Methamphetamine use was also high among unemployed people (4.8%), those who had never been married (3.8%) and single people without children (3.4%). Methamphetamine use in Australia Methamphetamine is an illegal substance sought after by many in Australia to give oneself a ‘high’ or a

title: Local government in Australia

text: Local government in Australia Local government in Australia is the third tier of government in Australia administered by the states and territories, which in turn are beneath the federal tier. Local government is not mentioned in the Constitution of Australia and two referenda in the 1970s and 1980s to alter the Constitution relating to local government were unsuccessful. Every state government recognises local government in their respective constitutions. Unlike Canada or the United States, there is only one level of local government in each state, with no distinction such as cities and counties. The local governing body is generally referred

title: Aboriginal Provisional Government

text: choice is not limited to being subordinate to white policy makers for Aborigines are a people able to take their place among the nations of the world as equals, not as mere citizens of the invader. The APG acknowledges the range of choices of peoples includes assimilation and self-management through to US type domestic Indian nations, a 7th State of Australia or a completely independent Aboriginal government. As the international law constraint of territorial integrity does not apply to emerging nations, Aboriginals are free to be a partnership with Australia or politically independent of it. The APG encourages Aboriginal groups

text: Northern Territory of Australia Government Gazette The Northern Territory of Australia Government Gazette (1869; 1873-present) is the current name for the government gazette of the Northern Territory. During the period from 1863 until 1 January 1911, the Northern Territory was annexed and then administered by the Government of South Australia, and afterwards it was transferred to Commonwealth control. In the earliest days of colonisation, the "Gazette" was published in at least five different Northern Territory newspapers, which are still available online through Trove. They were: In the period during and immediately after World War 2 (i.e. 1942-1946), the "Gazette" ceased

title: Methamphetamine use in Australia

text: quantities, trafficable, large trafficable and commercial trafficable quantities as legislative policies. <nowiki>***</nowiki> Intent to sell and supply comes under trafficking laws in some states in Australia depending upon the amount of prohibited substance. Between 2009 and 2010 there were 41,087 illicit drug offenses in Australia. Between 2013 and 2014 this number increased by over 25 percent to 50,854 drug offenses; furthermore, drug use increased from 22,842 to 28,409 over the same period of time. This portrays an increasing trend in the amount of drug use in Australia and drug offenses. However, since methamphetamine has become more available in the drug

title: Type variable

text: type of the function codice_1 is formula_1, where formula_2 is a type variable. Type variable In type theory and programming languages, a type variable is a mathematical variable ranging over types. Even in programming languages that allow mutable variables, a type variable remains an abstraction, in the sense that it does not correspond to some memory locations. Programming languages that support parametric polymorphism make use of universally quantified type variables. Languages that support existential types make use of existentially quantified type variables. For example, the following OCaml code defines a polymorphic identity function that has a universally quantified type, which

title: Government of Australia

text: Constitution of Australia does not recognise the Cabinet as a legal entity; it exists solely by convention. Its decisions do not in and of themselves have legal force. However, it serves as the practical expression of the Federal Executive Council, which is Australia's highest formal governmental body. In practice, the Federal Executive Council meets solely to endorse and give legal force to decisions already made by the Cabinet. All members of the Cabinet are members of the Executive Council. While the Governor-General is nominal presiding officer, he almost never attends Executive Council meetings. A senior member of the Cabinet holds

title: Government of Western Australia

text: ceded legislative and judicial supremacy to the Commonwealth, but retained powers in all matters not in conflict with the Commonwealth. Western Australia is governed according to the principles of the Westminster system, a form of parliamentary government based on the model of the United Kingdom. Legislative power rests with the Parliament of Western Australia, which consists of The Queen, represented by the Governor of Western Australia, and the two Houses, the Western Australian Legislative Council (the upper house) and the Western Australian Legislative Assembly (the lower house). Executive power rests formally with the Executive Council, which consists of the Governor

title: Does exactly what it says on the tin

text: Does exactly what it says on the tin "It does exactly what it says on the tin" was originally an advertising slogan in the United Kingdom, which then became a common idiomatic phrase. It colloquially means that the name of something is an accurate description of its qualities. It is akin to the previously existing phrases "by name and by nature" and "it lives up to its name". It originated in a series of television advertisements by the woodstain and wood-dye manufacturer Ronseal, initiated in 1994 and still being broadcast . The slogan was created by Liz Whiston and Dave

title: Steroid use in Australia

text: Steroid use in Australia Anabolic/androgenic steroids are drugs that are obtained from the male hormone, testosterone. Anabolic steroids are used for muscle-building and strength gain for cosmetic reasons as well as for performance-enhancement in athletics and bodybuilding. Anabolic steroids work in many ways by increasing protein synthesis in the muscles and by eliminating the catabolic process (the process of breaking down skeletal muscle for energy). It is common for teens and adults to use steroids as they stimulate and encourage muscle growth much more rapidly than natural body building. In Australia, many people are encouraged to use steroids due to

title: What Difference Does It Make?

text: of the Smiths'. The character Ray Smith in the Jack Kerouac novel "The Dharma Bums" repeatedly says "What difference does it make?" as well as "Pretty girls make graves", the title of another track featured on "The Smiths". The single cover is a photograph of Terence Stamp, taken on the set of the film "The Collector". Originally Stamp denied permission for the still to be used, and some pressings featured Morrissey in a re-enacted scene. In the re-enactment, Morrissey is holding a glass of milk, as opposed to a chloroform pad in the original. However, Stamp later changed his mind,

title: Government patent use (United States)

text: Government patent use (United States) Government patent use law is a statute codified at 28 USC § 1498(a) that is a "form of government immunity from patent claims." Section 1498 gives the federal government of the United States the "right to use patented inventions without permission, while paying the patent holder 'reasonable and entire compensation' which is usually "set at ten percent of sales or less". This statute "allows federal agencies and thirdparty government contractors to manufacture and/or use any invention without authorization from the patent holder. The federal government's rights are without an obligation for prior negotiation." Although Congress

title: Type variable

text: Type variable In type theory and programming languages, a type variable is a mathematical variable ranging over types. Even in programming languages that allow mutable variables, a type variable remains an abstraction, in the sense that it does not correspond to some memory locations. Programming languages that support parametric polymorphism make use of universally quantified type variables. Languages that support existential types make use of existentially quantified type variables. For example, the following OCaml code defines a polymorphic identity function that has a universally quantified type, which is printed by the interpreter on the second line: In mathematical notation, the

title: Does Anybody Really Know What Time It Is?

text: which also simulcasts in Maine as WJTO 730) plays the original vinyl "" edit. Does Anybody Really Know What Time It Is? "Does Anybody Really Know What Time It Is?" is a song by the rock band Chicago. It was included on their 1969 debut album "Chicago Transit Authority" and released as a single in 1970. The song was written and sung by Robert Lamm. The song was not released as a single until two tracks from the band's second album, "Make Me Smile" and "25 or 6 to 4", had become hits. It became the band's third straight Top

text: Does Anybody Really Know What Time It Is? "Does Anybody Really Know What Time It Is?" is a song by the rock band Chicago. It was included on their 1969 debut album "Chicago Transit Authority" and released as a single in 1970. The song was written and sung by Robert Lamm. The song was not released as a single until two tracks from the band's second album, "Make Me Smile" and "25 or 6 to 4", had become hits. It became the band's third straight Top 10 single, peaking at in the U.S. and No. 2 in Canada. Because the

text: CAL stated it would be used to "...run any legal cases that would arise as a result of changes in legislation, and cover operating costs while the law remained unsettled and where there had been a reduction in licence fees". Universities Australia argued it was "ironic" to fund a campaign against fair use with money obtained through orphan works: “This just goes to show that Australian authors wouldn’t be harmed if universities and schools could rely on a fair-use exception for copying orphan works...If Australia had a fair-use exception, this money would never have been collected in the first place.”

title: Government patent use (United States)

text: described Louisiana as Americas's "public-health-crisis cradle", was investigating the use of the "government patent use" as a strategy. to make Sofosbuvir, a highly effective treatment for hepatitis C which cost $84,000 for a treatment in 2016. Gilead's CEO John Martin has been questioned by Congress on the prohibitive pricing. Louisiana and other states were forced to ration Sofosbuvir by delaying treatment of Medicaid hepatitis patients until the liver presented more severe damage. Government patent use (United States) Government patent use law is a statute codified at 28 USC § 1498(a) that is a "form of government immunity from patent claims."

title: Local government in Australia

text: by local councils in Australia ranges from as small as for the Shire of Peppermint Grove in metropolitan Perth, to the Shire of East Pilbara in the Pilbara region of Western Australia, which covers , an area larger than Germany or Japan. Local government in Australia is subject to the exclusive jurisdiction of the states or territories. The functions and practices of local government councils are similar throughout Australia, but may vary to some degree between jurisdictions. The Australian Capital Territory is not divided into territory and local government. State departments oversee local government councils and may intervene in their

title: Illicit drug use in Australia

text: Conference and The Treaty of Versailles began to set international agreements on drug laws (Berridge, 1999). Britain signed the treaties on behalf of Australia, and from this point on, Australia's State and Territory governments have created their own laws and policies relating to illicit drug use. In the 1920s and 1930s, there was an increasingly internationalist approach to drug policy, overseen by the League of Nations, with Australia enacting a series of increasingly strict drug laws (Mandelson, 1987), despite the low incidence of illicit drug use in Australia during this period. Although Australia was initially influenced by the strict illicit

title: Illicit drug use in Australia

text: laws and policies which prohibited the import and use of opium, taxation income the government had previously been earning from opium imports was redundant. A customs report in 1908 noted that "it is very doubtful if such a prohibition has lessened to any great extent the amount bought into Australia." Desmond Manderson, an expert on the history of Australian drug policy, has asserted that from this time forward, Australia's drug policies have been more dictated by international relations and a political need for moral panic than any concern for health and welfare (Manderson, 1993). Following World War I, the Hague

title: Illicit drug use in Australia

text: Australia's illicit drug policy approach. Australia's first National Drug Strategy (1985), focused on demand reduction, supply reduction and harm reduction. However, studies have identified that this policy, which continues today, has failed as government funds are primarily focused on law enforcement, rather than prevention and treatment. The death of Sydney teenager Anna Wood from ecstasy in 1995 prompted strong media coverage and moral outrage over concerns relating to teenage drug use in Australia and attacks on rave dance parties, where Wood consumed the drug and later became ill. Wood's parents later vehemently campaigned the "Just Say No" policy across the

text: in the specialist teaching area of public policy and management, in the ANZSOG region – Australia, New Zealand and the Pacific. The current dean is Professor Ken Smith. Australia and New Zealand School of Government The Australia and New Zealand School of Government (ANZSOG) is an educational institution that teaches strategic management and high-level policy to public sector leaders. Formed in 2002 by a consortium of governments, universities and business schools from Australia and New Zealand, the School is home to a substantial research program that aims to deepen government, community and academic understanding of public administration, policy and management.

title: Type introspection

text: an object. For example: Also, the built-in functions codice_15 and codice_16 can be used to determine what an object "is" while codice_17 can determine what an object "does". For example: In Python 2 but not Python 3, declaring codice_18 instead of codice_19 will result in codice_15 returning the generic codice_21 type instead of the class. In ActionScript the function flash.utils.getQualifiedClassName can be used to retrieve the Class/Type name of an arbitrary Object. Or alternatively in actionscipt the operator is can be used to determine if an object is of a specific type This second function can be used to test

title: Women and government in Australia

text: Women and government in Australia From the turn of the 20th century, women have participated in government in Australia. Following federation, the government of the newly formed Commonwealth of Australia passed the "Commonwealth Franchise Act 1902" allowing most women to both vote and stand at the 1903 Federal election. South Australia and Western Australia granted women the vote before federation, and the states of New South Wales, Tasmania, Queensland and Victoria also passed legislation allowing women to participate in government at the state and local levels following federation. Indigenous Australian women did not achieve suffrage at all levels of government

title: Governor of South Australia

text: Governor of South Australia The Governor of South Australia is the representative in the Australian state of South Australia of Elizabeth II, Queen of Australia. The Governor performs the same constitutional and ceremonial functions at the state level as does the Governor-General of Australia at the national level. In accordance with the conventions of the Westminster system of parliamentary government, the Governor nearly always acts solely on the advice of the head of the elected government, the Premier of South Australia. Nevertheless, the Governor retains the reserve powers of the Crown, and has the right to dismiss the Premier. As

title: Governor of South Australia

title: Type system

text: only implement a data structure such as a list or an associative array once, rather than once for each type of element with which they plan to use it. For this reason computer scientists sometimes call the use of certain forms of polymorphism "generic programming". The type-theoretic foundations of polymorphism are closely related to those of abstraction, modularity and (in some cases) subtyping. In "duck typing", a statement calling a method codice_11 on an object does not rely on the declared type of the object; only that the object, of whatever type, must supply an implementation of the method called,