query: what are west african countries?

title: West African crocodile

text: 2011–2015. Despite the long history of confusion, genetic testing has revealed that the two are not particularly close. The closest relatives of the Nile crocodile are the "Crocodylus" species from the Americas, while the West African crocodile is basal to the clade of Nile and American crocodiles. The West African crocodile inhabits much of West and Central Africa, ranging east to South Sudan and Uganda, and south to Democratic Republic of the Congo (in all three countries it may come into contact with Nile crocodiles). Other countries where found include Mauritania, Benin, Liberia, Nigeria, Niger, Cameroon, Chad, Central African Republic,

title: Portuguese-speaking African countries

text: Portuguese-speaking African countries The Portuguese-speaking African countries (also referred to as Lusophone Africa) consist of six African countries in which the Portuguese language is an official language: Angola, Cape Verde, Guinea-Bissau, Mozambique, São Tomé and Príncipe and, since 2011, Equatorial Guinea. The six countries are former colonies of the Portuguese Empire. From 1778 until independence, Equatorial Guinea was also a colony of the Spanish Empire. In 1992, the five Lusophone African countries formed an interstate organisation called PALOP, a colloquial acronym that translates to African Countries of Portuguese Official Language (). The PALOP countries have signed official agreements with Portugal,

title: Portuguese-speaking African countries

text: postcolonial discourse that attempts to explain the development of the modern nation-state in Lusophone Africa and shed light on its failures. Portuguese-speaking African countries The Portuguese-speaking African countries (also referred to as Lusophone Africa) consist of six African countries in which the Portuguese language is an official language: Angola, Cape Verde, Guinea-Bissau, Mozambique, São Tomé and Príncipe and, since 2011, Equatorial Guinea. The six countries are former colonies of the Portuguese Empire. From 1778 until independence, Equatorial Guinea was also a colony of the Spanish Empire. In 1992, the five Lusophone African countries formed an interstate organisation called PALOP, a

title: Trans–West African Coastal Highway

text: Highway is another ECOWAS project running parallel to the coastal highway linking the Sahelian countries of West Africa from Dakar to Ndjamena, Chad. Two other transnational roads are also under development from Lagos to link to the Trans–West African Coastal Highway: Trans–West African Coastal Highway The Trans–West African Coastal Highway is a transnational highway project to link 12 West African coastal nations, from Mauritania in the north-west of the region to Nigeria in the east, with feeder roads already existing to two landlocked countries, Mali and Burkina Faso. The eastern end of the highway terminates at Lagos, Nigeria. Some organizations

title: West African Examinations Council

text: West African Examinations Council The West African Examinations Council (WAEC) is an examination board that conducts the West African Senior School Certificate Examination, for University and Jamb entry examination in West African countries. Established in 1952, the council has contributed to education in Anglophonic countries of West Africa (Ghana, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Liberia, and the Gambia), with the number of examinations they have coordinated, and certificates they have issued. They also formed an endowment fund, to contribute to the education in West Africa, through lectures, and aid to those who cannot afford education. Dr. Adeyegbe, former HNO of WAEC Nigeria

title: West African cuisine

text: of what they commonly use for their dishes. For an overall view of West Africa, according to Fran Osseo-Asare, the common ingredients for the West African region are the leaves from a baobab tree, cereal grains: sorghum, millet, and fonio, Cola nuts, egusi seeds, guinea fowl, melegueta pepper, oil palm, okra, and rice. Other ingredients used are okra (thickener)basis for soups stew, black-eyed peas, and sesame according to Harris in "High on the Hog". Spices play a relatively less prominent role in West African cooking compared to say, North African cuisine. Cooks use spices and herbs like ginger, coriander, and

title: Portuguese-speaking African countries

text: into the CPLP despite its limited historical and cultural commonalities with the other countries. Equatorial Guinea was traditionally not considered part of the PALOP and it was not a founding member of FORPALOP in June 2014, the recently created institution that includes the PALOP, a forum for political-diplomatic cooperation to deepen historical friendship ties and solidarity between these African states. It should however be noted that Portuguese is sparsely used throughout the country. It was admitted into the CPLP in 2014 and, subsequently, it became FORPALOP's sixth member. These five African countries are former colonies of the Portuguese Empire, which

title: West African mud turtle

text: being acquired by the Zoological Museum Hamburg in 1901, or else mislabeled there. The West African mud turtle is found in the following countries of West and Central Africa: Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Mali, Príncipe, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo. Additionally, it has been introduced to Guadeloupe. The West African mud turtle is carnivorous and feeds on aquatic prey. There are five phases to feeding; preliminary head fixation on the prey, fine-tuning the head fixation, final approach by the head,

title: West African Examinations Council

text: and they agreed on establishing a West African Examination Council, fully adopting Jeffery's recommendations. The legislative assemblies of Nigeria, Ghana, Sierra Leone, and the Gambia passed an ordinance (West African Examinations Council Ordinance NO. 40) approving the West African Examination Council in Dec 1951. The Ordinance agreed to the coordination of exams, and issuing of certificates to students in individual countries by the West African Examination Council. Liberia later issued their ordinance in 1974, at the annual meeting held in Lagos, Nigeria. After the success of forming an examination council, the council called a first meeting in Accra, Ghana on

title: West African CFA franc

text: West African CFA franc The West African CFA franc (; or simply "franc", ISO 4217 code: XOF) is the currency of eight independent states in West Africa: Benin, Burkina Faso, Guinea-Bissau, Ivory Coast, Mali, Niger, Senegal and Togo. These eight countries had a combined population of 105.7 million people in 2014, and a combined GDP of US$78.4 billion (as of 2012). The acronym CFA stands for ' ("Financial Community of Africa") or ' ("African Financial Community"). The currency is issued by the BCEAO ("Banque Centrale des États de l'Afrique de l'Ouest", "Central Bank of the West African States"), located in

title: West African Examinations Council

text: At the meeting, they appointed Dr. George Barker Jeffery (Director of the University Of London Institute Of Education) to visit some West African countries, so as to see the general education level and requirements in West Africa. At the end of Jeffery's three-month visit (December 1949 – March 1950) to Ghana, the Gambia, Sierra Leone, and Nigeria, he tendered a report (since known as Jeffery report) strongly supporting the need for a West African Examination Council, and making detailed recommendations on the composition and duties of the Council. Following this report, the groups met with the governments of these countries,

title: Economic Community of West African States

text: the French Treasury. The eventual goal is for the CFA franc and Eco to merge, giving all of West and Central Africa a single, stable currency. The launch of the new currency is being developed by the West African Monetary Institute based in Accra, Ghana. A Trans-ECOWAS project, established in 2007, plans to upgrade railways in this zone. Economic Community of West African States The Economic Community of West African States, also known as ECOWAS, is a regional economic union of fifteen countries located in West Africa. Collectively, these countries comprise an area of , and in 2015 had an

title: West African CFA franc

text: from blue to green. On November 30, 2012, the Banque Centrale des États de l'Afrique de l'Ouest (Central Bank of the West African States) issued a 500-franc banknote. General: West African CFA franc The West African CFA franc (; or simply "franc", ISO 4217 code: XOF) is the currency of eight independent states in West Africa: Benin, Burkina Faso, Guinea-Bissau, Ivory Coast, Mali, Niger, Senegal and Togo. These eight countries had a combined population of 105.7 million people in 2014, and a combined GDP of US$78.4 billion (as of 2012). The acronym CFA stands for ' ("Financial Community of Africa")

title: Trans–West African Coastal Highway

text: Trans–West African Coastal Highway The Trans–West African Coastal Highway is a transnational highway project to link 12 West African coastal nations, from Mauritania in the north-west of the region to Nigeria in the east, with feeder roads already existing to two landlocked countries, Mali and Burkina Faso. The eastern end of the highway terminates at Lagos, Nigeria. Some organizations such as the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) consider its western end to be Nouakchott, Mauritania, and others such as the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa consider it to be Dakar, Senegal, giving rise to these alternative names

title: West African Gas Pipeline

text: August 27, 2012, the West African Gas Pipeline was damaged when pirates who had tried to board an oil tanker in an attempt to get away from the pursuing Togolese Navy, severely damaged the pipeline with their anchor. For nearly a year, the supply of gas to Ghana, Togo and Benin ceased, causing major power supply problems to the affected countries. West African Gas Pipeline The West African Gas Pipeline (WAGP) is a natural gas pipeline to supply gas from Nigeria's Escravos region of Niger Delta area to Benin, Togo and Ghana. It is the first regional natural gas transmission

title: West African Airways Corporation

text: West African Airways Corporation West African Airways Corporation, or WAAC for short, was an airline that operated from 1946 to 1958, jointly owned by the governments of Britain's four west African colonies, namely The Gambia, the Gold Coast (now Ghana), Nigeria, and Sierra Leone. The carrier was headquartered at the "Airways House" in Ikeja, Nigeria, and operated from its hub in Lagos Airport. It was dissolved on , after all the shareholder countries but Nigeria set up their own national airlines following their independence. As the sole remaining major stockholder of the airline, the government of Nigeria continued to operate

title: Responses to the West African Ebola virus epidemic

text: on behalf of the Motsepe Foundation and African Rainbow Minerals (ARM) to Guinea to help fight the disease. Saudi King Abdullah has donated $35 million to the Islamic Development Bank to support its Ebola fighting programme, funding equipment and treatment centres in four West African countries. Responses to the West African Ebola virus epidemic Organizations from around the world responded to the West African Ebola virus epidemic. In July 2014, the World Health Organization (WHO) convened an emergency meeting with health ministers from eleven countries and announced collaboration on a strategy to co-ordinate technical support to combat the epidemic. In

title: West African Union of Tax Institutes

text: of developing and harmonizing tax policies in West Africa. Gbeho noted that the ECOWAS countries had agreed on a minimum 20% ratio of revenue to Gross Domestic Product (GDP), which was required if ECOWAS was to established a monetary union, as had been discussed. However, only Cape Verde and Ghana had met this criterion. The other 13 countries fell below the 20% target. West African Union of Tax Institutes The West African Union of Tax Institutes (WAUTI) is an association formed by the Chartered Institute of Taxation of Nigeria (CITN) and the Chartered Institute of Taxation of Ghana (CITG) with

title: West African Bankers' Association

text: of each participating countries financed the association. The WABA serves as an intermediary between banks and the sub-regional committee of the central banks. The association is located in Freetown, Sierra Leone. West African Bankers' Association The West African Bankers' Association (WABA; ) is a professional association of banking and financial services and institutions in West Africa. It has its headquarters and offices in Benin, Burkina Faso, Cape Verde, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, and Togo. The WABA was created in August 10, 1981 with the main purpose of supporting and developing the

title: West African Vodun

text: West African Vodun Vodun (meaning "spirit" in the Fon and Ewe languages, with a nasal high-tone "u"; also spelled Vodon, Vodoun, Vodou, Voudou, Voodoo, etc.) is practiced by the Fon people of Benin, and southern and central Togo; as well in Ghana, and Nigeria. It is distinct from the various traditional African religions in the interiors of these countries and is the main source of religions with similar names found among the African diaspora in the Americas, such as Haitian "Vodou"; Dominican "Vudú"; Cuban "Vodú"; Brazilian "Vodum" (candomblé jeje and tambor de mina); Puerto Rican Vudú (Sanse); and Louisiana "Voodoo".

text: African countries. On October 28 it was announced that they had received substantial pledges; among others, the East African Community has promised 600 personnel, Ethiopia 210, and Congo 200. In total it is hoped that Africa’s contribution will reach 2,000 personnel, of whom one-sixth are currently ready for deployment. In March, the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) disbursed US$250,000 to deal with the outbreak. In response to the ECOWAS Special Fund for the Fight Against Ebola, in July the Nigerian government donated us$3.5 million to Liberia, Guinea, Sierra Leone, the West African Health Organization, and the ECOWAS Pool

title: West African catshark

text: extends from Mauritania in West Africa to Angola. It is a bottom-dwelling species inhabiting the continental shelf on muddy and rocky seabeds. The West African catshark feeds on fish. This shark has been little studied but is thought to be an egg-laying species as egg cases measuring about have been found that are believed to belong to it. The IUCN in its Red List of Threatened Species lists it as being "Data Deficient" as its population trend is unknown, but considers it likely that some individuals are caught as bycatch by trawlers. West African catshark The West African catshark ("Scyliorhinus

title: African immigration to the United States

text: entering the United States. It is estimated that the current population of African immigrants to the United States is about 2.1 million. According to the Migration Policy Institute, as of 2009 two-thirds of the African immigrants were from either East or West Africa. Countries with the most immigrants to the U.S. are Nigeria, Egypt, Ethiopia, Ghana, South Africa, Somalia, Eritrea, and Kenya. Seventy five percent (75%) of the African immigrants to the U.S. come from 12 of the 55 countries, namely Nigeria, Egypt, Ghana, Ethiopia, South Africa, Kenya, Liberia, Somalia, Morocco, Cape Verde, Sierra Leone and Sudan (including what is

title: West African Pidgin English

text: eat rice "Dey di go for go chop rice" -- They are going there to eat rice "Dem duh gwine fuh eat rice" -- They are going there to eat rice West African Pidgin English West African Pidgin English also known as Guinea Coast Creole English is a West African creole language lexified by pidgin English and local African languages. It originated as a language of commerce between British and African slave traders during the period of the Atlantic slave trade. As of 2017, about 75 million people in Nigeria, Cameroon, Ghana and Equatorial Guinea use the language. Because it

title: West African Ebola virus epidemic

text: adequate reforms and leadership. West African Ebola virus epidemic The West African Ebola virus epidemic (2013–2016) was the most widespread outbreak of Ebola virus disease (EVD) in history—causing major loss of life and socioeconomic disruption in the region, mainly in the countries of Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone. The first cases were recorded in Guinea in December 2013; later, the disease spread to neighboring Liberia and Sierra Leone, with minor outbreaks occurring elsewhere. It caused significant mortality, with the case fatality rate reported at slightly above 70%, while the rate among hospitalized patients was 57–59%. Small outbreaks occurred in Nigeria

title: West African Ebola virus epidemic

text: West African Ebola virus epidemic The West African Ebola virus epidemic (2013–2016) was the most widespread outbreak of Ebola virus disease (EVD) in history—causing major loss of life and socioeconomic disruption in the region, mainly in the countries of Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone. The first cases were recorded in Guinea in December 2013; later, the disease spread to neighboring Liberia and Sierra Leone, with minor outbreaks occurring elsewhere. It caused significant mortality, with the case fatality rate reported at slightly above 70%, while the rate among hospitalized patients was 57–59%. Small outbreaks occurred in Nigeria and Mali, and isolated

title: Portuguese-speaking African countries

text: the European Union and the United Nations, and they work together to promote the development of culture and education and the preservation of the Portuguese language. Together with Portugal and Brazil in 1996, the Portuguese-speaking African countries established the Community of Portuguese Language Countries (, abbreviated to CPLP), which East Timor later joined in 2002 and Equatorial Guinea in 2014. Equatorial Guinea adopted Portuguese as its third official language in October 2011. Originally a Portuguese colony before it was claimed by Spain in 1778, Equatorial Guinea has adopted Portuguese as the country's third official language in order to be allowed

title: West African shaggy rat

text: grass tussock. It feeds on grasses, leaves and other plant material. Its breeding habits are unknown. West African shaggy rat The West African shaggy rat ("Dasymys rufulus") is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is found in Benin, Cameroon, Ivory Coast, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Mali, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, and Togo. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical seasonally wet or flooded lowland grassland and swamps. It is a common species and the International Union for Conservation of Nature has rated its conservation status as being of "least concern". The West African shaggy rat is

title: West African shaggy rat

text: West African shaggy rat The West African shaggy rat ("Dasymys rufulus") is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is found in Benin, Cameroon, Ivory Coast, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Mali, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, and Togo. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical seasonally wet or flooded lowland grassland and swamps. It is a common species and the International Union for Conservation of Nature has rated its conservation status as being of "least concern". The West African shaggy rat is a stocky, medium-sized rat with soft, dense, shaggy fur. The eyes are small and dark and

title: West African Development Bank

text: West African Development Bank The West African Development Bank - WADB (fr. Banque Ouest Africaine de Développement - BOAD / pt. Banco de Desenvolvimento do Oeste Africano - BDOA) is an international Multilateral Development Bank established in 1973 to serve the nations of Francophone and Lusophone West Africa. The BOAD is organised by the Central Bank of West African States and its eight member governments: Benin, Burkina-Faso, Côte d'Ivoire, Guinea Bissau, Mali, Niger, Senegal and Togo. It is funded by member states, foreign governments and international agencies. Its headquarters are in Lomé, Togo. The BOAD was created 14 November 1973

text: Justice, it has jurisdiction to rule on fundamental human rights breaches. ECOWAS nations organize a broad array of cultural and sports event under the auspices of the body, including the CEDEAO Cup in football, the 2012 ECOWAS Games and the Miss CEDEAO beauty pageant. The West African Economic and Monetary Union (also known as UEMOA from its name in French, "Union économique et monétaire ouest-africaine") is an organization of eight, mainly francophone West African states within the ECOWAS, that was dominated otherwise by anglophone heavyweights like Nigeria and Ghana. It was established to promote economic integration among countries that share

title: West African Pidgin English

text: "berin" ("funeral"). Words from specialized ship vocabulary include "kohtlas" ("machete"), "flog" ("beat", "punish"), "eys" [from "hoist"] ("to lift"), and "dek" ("floor"). The various pidgin and creole languages still spoken in West Africa today – the Aku language in The Gambia, Sierra Leone Krio, Nigerian Pidgin English, Ghanaian Pidgin English, Cameroonian Pidgin English, Fernando Poo Creole English, etc. – are all derived from the early West African Pidgin English. These contemporary English-based pidgin and creole languages are so similar that they are increasingly grouped together under the name "West African Pidgin English", although the term originally designated only the original trade

title: British West African pound

text: produced in 1962. British West African pound The British West African Pound was the currency of British West Africa, a group of British colonies, protectorates and mandate territories. It was equal to the pound sterling and was similarly subdivided into 20 shillings, each of 12 pence. In the 19th century, the pound sterling became the currency of the British West African territories and standard issue United Kingdom coinage circulated. The West African territories in question were Nigeria, the Gold Coast (now Ghana), Sierra Leone and The Gambia. In 1912, the authorities in London set up the "West African Currency Board"

title: British West African pound

text: British West African pound The British West African Pound was the currency of British West Africa, a group of British colonies, protectorates and mandate territories. It was equal to the pound sterling and was similarly subdivided into 20 shillings, each of 12 pence. In the 19th century, the pound sterling became the currency of the British West African territories and standard issue United Kingdom coinage circulated. The West African territories in question were Nigeria, the Gold Coast (now Ghana), Sierra Leone and The Gambia. In 1912, the authorities in London set up the "West African Currency Board" and issued a

title: West African oyan

text: Its body is long, with a long tail. The West African oyan inhabits the canopy of tropical forests in West Africa. Two known records in the Ivory Coast date to the 1960s and 1970s. In Liberia, it was recorded in ten localities between the 1960s and late 1980s. Its presence in Sierra Leone and Guinea is uncertain. The West African oyan is probably affected by habitat loss due to logging of tropical forests, and by hunting for bushmeat. The West African oyan was first described in 1907 by Reginald Innes Pocock based on a zoological specimen collected in Liberia. Pocock

title: West African Football Academy

text: Gomoa Fetteh to this new location in the Volta Region. The following clubs are affiliated with Feyenoord Gomoa Fetteh: West African Football Academy West African Football Academy (WAFA) SC. is a Ghanaian football club based near Sogakope in the Volta Region that was founded by Feyenoord from Rotterdam. They are competing in the Ghana Premier League. The 2017 season was successful as the side finished second in the Premier League, beating Hearts of Oak 5-0 along the way. Feyenoord's chairman Jorien van den Herik was given permission for the opening of Feyenoord's own football academy in the Ghanaian settlement of

title: West African Gas Pipeline

text: West African Gas Pipeline The West African Gas Pipeline (WAGP) is a natural gas pipeline to supply gas from Nigeria's Escravos region of Niger Delta area to Benin, Togo and Ghana. It is the first regional natural gas transmission system in sub-Saharan Africa. The project began in 1982, when the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) proposed the development of a natural gas pipeline throughout West Africa. In 1991 a feasibility report conducted by the World Bank on supplying Nigerian gas on West African markets deemed that a project was commercially viable. In September 1995, the governments of four

title: West African Pidgin English

text: – Pidgin nonetheless remains in widespread use. In Nigeria in 2016 there was an estimated five million individuals who use Pidgin as a primary language for everyday use. As of 2017, about 75 million people in Nigeria, Cameroon, Ghana and Equatorial Guinea use the language. During decolonization, it became a "language of resistance and anti-colonialism", and political activists still use it to criticize their post-colonial political leaders. Over the last hundred years the amount of English-lexifer based creoles in West African countries currently being used as primary and secondary language has increased greatly, with speakers currently exceeding one hundred million.

title: West African Craton

text: regions north and south of each other; the Reguibat shield and the Man shield respectively. Both of these regions are mainly made of rocks that are either Archean or Paleoproterozoic in age, with western Archean nuclei, and rock types are separated by major shear zones. The fold belts surrounding the WAC were folded and metamorphosed during the Pan-African and/or the Variscan orogenies. The WAC underlies the modern countries of Morocco, Algeria, Mauritania, Senegal, The Gambia, Guinea Bissau, Guinea, Mali, Burkina Faso, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo and Benin. The metamorphic record of the craton is characteristic of Paleoproterozoic

title: West African seahorse

text: West African seahorse The West African seahorse ("Hippocampus algiricus") is a species of fish in the family Syngnathidae (Seahorses and pipefish). It is found in the eastern central Atlantic Ocean off Angola, Benin, Ivory Coast, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Liberia, Nigeria, São Tomé and Príncipe, Senegal, and Sierra Leone, as well as the Canary Islands. Although there have been no records from Algeria since Guichenot said that the type was collected at Béjaïa in the 1850s, but the location given may be an error. There is scarce information despite conservation efforts for this species. The first records of the West African

title: West African Craton

text: West African Craton The West African Craton (WAC) is one of the five cratons of the Precambrian basement rock of Africa that make up the African Plate, the others being the Kalahari craton, Congo craton, Saharan Metacraton and Tanzania Craton. Cratons themselves are tectonically inactive, but can occur near active margins, with the WAC extending across 14 countries in Western African, coming together in the late Precambrian and early Palaeozoic eras to form the African continent. It consists of two Archean centers juxtaposed against multiple Paleoproterozoic domains made of greenstone belts, sedimentary basins, regional granitoid-tonalite-trondhjemite-granodiorite (TTG) plutons, and large shear

title: West African cuisine

text: refer to the articles on each national or regional cuisines: West African cuisine West African cuisine encompasses a diverse range of foods that are split between its 16 countries. In West Africa, many families grow and raise their own food, and within each there is a division of labor. Indigenous foods consist of a number of plant species and animals, and are important to those whose lifestyle depends on farming and hunting. The history of West Africa also plays a large role in their cuisine and recipes, as interactions with different cultures (particularly the Arab world and later Europeans) over

title: West African cuisine

text: West African cuisine West African cuisine encompasses a diverse range of foods that are split between its 16 countries. In West Africa, many families grow and raise their own food, and within each there is a division of labor. Indigenous foods consist of a number of plant species and animals, and are important to those whose lifestyle depends on farming and hunting. The history of West Africa also plays a large role in their cuisine and recipes, as interactions with different cultures (particularly the Arab world and later Europeans) over the centuries have introduced many ingredients that would go on

title: West African Craton

text: 15% of its population, producing a significant amount of material to qualify as a resource-rich country. The mining of the WAC can establish a strong economy and government development support, helping the alleviation of poverty. West African Craton The West African Craton (WAC) is one of the five cratons of the Precambrian basement rock of Africa that make up the African Plate, the others being the Kalahari craton, Congo craton, Saharan Metacraton and Tanzania Craton. Cratons themselves are tectonically inactive, but can occur near active margins, with the WAC extending across 14 countries in Western African, coming together in the

title: West African Senior School Certificate Examination

text: West African Senior School Certificate Examination The West African Senior School Certificate Examination (WASSCE) is a type of standardized test in West Africa. It is administered by the West African Examinations Council. It is only offered to candidates residing in Anglophone West African countries. The academic school-leaving qualification awarded upon successful completion of the exams is the West African Senior School Certificate (WASSCE). There are two different types of the examination: Candidates are advised that they will be required to satisfy not only the university's general entrance requirements but also the requirements of the particular faculty which they wish to

title: Institute of Asian and African Countries

text: of Asian and African languages are taught in the Institute: Chinese, Japanese, Korean, Vietnamese, Thai, Mongolian, Arabic, Sinhalese, Turkish, Hebrew, Urdu, Sanskrit and Swahili, Hausa, Amharic, Afrikaans, Fula and Zulu. The graduates of the Institute get a diploma in "Oriental and African Studies" with a specialization in philology, political science, history and economics. The staff of the Institute has worked out the syllabus and text books on History of Asian and African countries and on Oriental Literature as well as special books on languages, history, ethnology, geography and economics of the certain regions. More than 40 oriental and West-European languages

title: Idols (West African TV series)

text: Idols (West African TV series) Idols West Africa is the West African version of the Idol series franchise. Based in Nigeria, it is a talent contest to find a recording artiste, and aired on M-Net in 2007. Like the Pan-Arab entry to the series, the show incorporated countries throughout the West African region. The show is presented in English, hosted by Mike Majic. The three judges are: Nigerian Dede Mabiaku, Ghanaian Abrewa Nana and American Dan Foster. April 2: My Idol April 9: Old School April 16: Current Hits April 23: 80s & 90s April 30: African Songs May 7:

title: Central Bank of West African States

text: currency as the common central bank for the then seven member countries: Central Bank of West African States The Central Bank of West African States (, BCEAO) is a central bank serving the eight west African countries which share the common West African CFA franc currency and comprise the West African Economic and Monetary Union (UEMOA): The Bank is active in developing financial inclusion policy and is a member of the Alliance for Financial Inclusion. Its predecessor, the , was created in 1955 and was transformed into BCEAO in 1959. The treaty establishing the West African Monetary Union (UMOA), signed

text: are being taught at the Institute. Directors: Institute of Asian and African Countries The Institute of Asian and African Countries at Lomonosov Moscow State University was founded in 1956 as the Institute of Oriental Languages and was renamed to the Institute of Asian and African Countries in 1972. It is the leading Russian Centre for Oriental Studies. It employs more than 250 members including 28 professors and 70 assistant professors. Many of them are well known as authors of fundamental studies, text-books and dictionaries for their translations of Japanese, Chinese, Sanskrit, Arabic, Hindi, Persian, Malay, Swahili and other Oriental and

text: Institute of Asian and African Countries The Institute of Asian and African Countries at Lomonosov Moscow State University was founded in 1956 as the Institute of Oriental Languages and was renamed to the Institute of Asian and African Countries in 1972. It is the leading Russian Centre for Oriental Studies. It employs more than 250 members including 28 professors and 70 assistant professors. Many of them are well known as authors of fundamental studies, text-books and dictionaries for their translations of Japanese, Chinese, Sanskrit, Arabic, Hindi, Persian, Malay, Swahili and other Oriental and African texts of fiction. Nowadays a lot

title: West African Examinations Council

text: was "WAEC: 50 years of Excellence". All member countries joined in the celebration in their respective countries, apart from the general celebration in Abuja, Nigeria. During this anniversary the book, "The West African Examinations Council (1952-2002): Half a century of Commitment to Excellence and Regional Cooperation", was launched. The West African Examination Council is known to have a strong committee. The structure of the council is divided into three major parts: International committees, National Committees, and Subcommittees. The International Committee treat matters affecting all member countries and also harmonizes national views pertaining to policies of the council as a whole.

title: West African Examinations Council

text: exams taken in the five countries with the WAEC ordinance. It consists of: WASSCE (West African Senior School Certificate Examination): The National examinations are taken in individual countries. They include: The council also coordinates examinations in collaboration with some trustworthy examination bodies. These include: The council also conducts examination in West Africa on behalf of international examination bodies. These include: The council issues credible and reliable certificates to candidates that participate in the Examinations. And the standard of this certificates matches with that of the United Kingdom. This is because the WAEC Ordinance empowered the council to conduct Examinations and

title: West African Students' Union

text: West African Students' Union The West African Students' Union (WASU), founded in London in 1925 and active into the 1960s, was an association of students from various West African countries who were studying in the United Kingdom. WASU was founded on 7 August 1925 by twenty-one law students, led by Ladipo Solanke and Herbert Bankole-Bright. Solanke had founded the Nigerian Progress Union (NPU), for London-based students with a Nigerian background, the previous year. With the support of Amy Ashwood Garvey, it had begun to campaign for improved welfare for all African students in London, and for assorted measures for progress

title: West African College of Surgeons

text: January 1975, the organization became a constituent college of the newly created West African Postgraduate Medical College (WAPMC). Member countries of WACS are not limited to the West African region, Angola, Cameroun and Congo who are considered to be outside the region have been affiliated with the organization. The schedule towards the award of a fellowship in one the faculties usually took a period of 4–6 years depending on the availability of teachers and the choice of specialty. The program is split into Part I and Part II. The part I exam is conducted after two years of entry into

title: Central Bank of West African States

text: Central Bank of West African States The Central Bank of West African States (, BCEAO) is a central bank serving the eight west African countries which share the common West African CFA franc currency and comprise the West African Economic and Monetary Union (UEMOA): The Bank is active in developing financial inclusion policy and is a member of the Alliance for Financial Inclusion. Its predecessor, the , was created in 1955 and was transformed into BCEAO in 1959. The treaty establishing the West African Monetary Union (UMOA), signed on May 12, 1962, gave BCEAO the exclusive right to issue the

title: West African giraffe

text: giraffe" are now known to be the Kordofan giraffe ("G. c. antiquorum"). Older studies on giraffe subspecies have caused some researchers to question the separate status of "G. c. peralta" and the Kordofan giraffe ("G. c. antiquorum"). Genetic testing published in 2007 confirmed the distinctiveness of the West African giraffe. Most captive giraffes from northwestern Africa are in French zoological parks, a result of the history of French colonialism in what was French West Africa. Those giraffes were formerly treated as "G. c. peralta". However, since genetic analysis revealed that only giraffes to the west of Lake Chad belong to

title: West African Students' Union

text: rule and against all forms of racism during the 20th century, by presenting information, photos, and eventually a film about WASU. West African Students' Union The West African Students' Union (WASU), founded in London in 1925 and active into the 1960s, was an association of students from various West African countries who were studying in the United Kingdom. WASU was founded on 7 August 1925 by twenty-one law students, led by Ladipo Solanke and Herbert Bankole-Bright. Solanke had founded the Nigerian Progress Union (NPU), for London-based students with a Nigerian background, the previous year. With the support of Amy Ashwood

title: What Are Words (album)

text: What Are Words (album) What Are Words is the debut album of the American singer Chris Medina. The album was released by Sony Music contains 11 pop-rock songs, some of them sensitive ballads, others more energetic and rocking. Album included the title track "What Are Words", a touching track inspired by Chris Medina's fiancé who had a serious brain injury after a car accident in 2009. Although "What Are Words" was only a minor hit in the United States, it was a big hit in Scandinavian countries topping both Norwegian "VG-lista" Singles Chart and the Swedish "Sverigetopplistan" Singles Chart. It

title: West African Examinations Council

text: (2004) said "the council has developed a team of well-trained and highly motivated staff, and has administered Examinations that are valid and relevant to the educational aspirations of member countries". In a year, over three million candidates registered for the exams coordinated by WAEC. The council also helps other examination bodies (both local and international) in coordinating Examinations. The University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate, University of London School Examinations Matriculation Council and West African Departments of Education met in 1948, concerning education in West Africa. The meeting was called to discuss the future policy of education in West Africa.

title: West African College of Surgeons

text: West African College of Surgeons The West African College of Surgeons is a professional organization that promotes education, training, examinations and research in surgery in Africa. The college is the first organization to organize surgical subspecialty training in the region. It awards diploma of fellowship in surgery and is one of out of two bodies that accredits institutions to train surgical residents in member countries. The Association of Surgeons of West Africa (ASWA) was established so that West African surgeons could discuss the unique challenges that they faced and foster cooperation among the region's first crop of foreign trained surgeons.

title: West African Ebola virus epidemic

text: rapid in some sectors than in others. Also, if the massive decline in economic activity persisted, the authors suggested a focus on economic recovery in addition to support for the healthcare system. The World Bank had projected an estimated loss of $1.6 billion in productivity for all three affected West African countries combined for 2015. In Liberian counties that were less affected by the outbreak, the number of individuals employed fell by 24%. Montserrado saw a 47% decline in employment per firm in contrast to what was obtained prior to the Ebola outbreak. Another study showed that the economic effect

text: Economic Community of West African States The Economic Community of West African States, also known as ECOWAS, is a regional economic union of fifteen countries located in West Africa. Collectively, these countries comprise an area of , and in 2015 had an estimated population of over 349 million. The union was established on 28 May 1975, with the signing of the Treaty of Lagos, with its stated mission to promote economic integration across the region. A revised version of the treaty was agreed and signed on 24 July 1993 in Cotonou. Considered one of the pillar regional blocs of the

title: West African lungfish

text: West African lungfish The West African lungfish ("Protopterus annectens"), also known as the Tana lungfish or simply African lungfish, is a species of African lungfish. It is found in a wide range of freshwater habitats in West and Middle Africa, as well as the northern half of Southern Africa. "Protopterus annectens" has a prominent snout and small eyes. Its body is long and eel-like, some 9–15 times the length of the head. It has two pairs of long, filamentous fins. The pectoral fins have a basal fringe and are about three times the head length, while its pelvic fins are

title: West African oyan

text: West African oyan The West African oyan ("Poiana leightoni"), also known as the West African linsang, is a linsang species native to the Upper Guinean forests in West Africa. It is one of the least known small carnivores in Africa. The West African oyan’s body is slender and long, with an elongated head and a pointed muzzle. Its fur is yellowish to reddish brown with dark oval shaped spots on the neck, and small spots on the back and legs. Its throat, chest and belly are lighter in colour and without spots. Its tail has 10 to 12 dark rings.

title: West African Dwarf goat

text: African Dwarf goats are important in the rural village economy of West Africa. Nigerian West African Dwarf goats are trypanotolerant (they resist to infections by "Trypanosoma") and haemonchotolerant (they resist infections with the gastrointestinal parasite nematode "Haemonchus contortus" more effectively than other breeds of domestic goat). West African Dwarf goat The West African Dwarf goat breed from coastal West and Central Africa is the progenitor of the African Pygmy and Nigerian Dwarf breeds in the United States, as well as the Dutch Dwarf and Pygmy goat breeds in Great Britain. This breed likely evolved in response to conditions of the

title: West African slender-snouted crocodile

text: fish. They are relatively medium-sized. They prefer to live in dense, vegetated bodies of water. This species is relatively poorly known with few studies of the wild populations. Consequently, it was rated as Data Deficient by the IUCN in 1996. Following a review in 2014, it was moved to Critically Endangered, although this includes both the Central African and West African species. It appears to have been entirely extirpated from several countries where formerly present and declined elsewhere. In its native range, it is extremely rare and on the verge of disappearing. A study in 2015 that included 24 captive

title: West African crocodile

text: species, especially the Nile crocodile. In Europe, breeding pairs of West African crocodiles live in Copenhagen Zoo, Lyon Zoo and Vivarium de Lausanne, and offspring of the first pair are in Dublin Zoo and Kristiansand Zoo. A study in 2015 that included sixteen captive "Nile crocodiles" in six US zoos (almost 25% of the "Nile crocodiles" in AZA zoos) found that all but one were actually West African crocodiles. West African crocodile The West African crocodile or desert crocodile ("Crocodylus suchus") is a species of crocodile related to – and often confused with – the larger and more aggressive Nile

title: West African CFA franc

text: Dakar, Senegal, for the members of the UEMOA ("Union Économique et Monétaire Ouest Africaine", "West African Economic and Monetary Union"). The franc is nominally subdivided into 100 "centimes" but no centime denominations have been issued. The Central African CFA franc is of equal value to the West African CFA franc, and is in circulation in several central African states. They are both the CFA franc. The CFA franc was introduced to the French colonies in West Africa in 1945, replacing the French West African franc. The West African colonies and territories using the CFA franc were Ivory Coast, Dahomey, French

title: What Are We Doin' in Love

text: stage. What Are We Doin' in Love "What Are We Doin' in Love" is a song written by Randy Goodrum and recorded by American country music artist Dottie West with the uncredited vocals of Kenny Rogers. It was released in March 1981 as the second single from the album "Wild West". "What Are We Doin' in Love" was the duo's third and final number one on the country chart. Since 1978, West and Rogers had been together as a duet partnership. Rogers revived the career of Dottie West when their song "Every Time Fools Collide" became a hit in 1978.

title: What Are We Doin' in Love

text: What Are We Doin' in Love "What Are We Doin' in Love" is a song written by Randy Goodrum and recorded by American country music artist Dottie West with the uncredited vocals of Kenny Rogers. It was released in March 1981 as the second single from the album "Wild West". "What Are We Doin' in Love" was the duo's third and final number one on the country chart. Since 1978, West and Rogers had been together as a duet partnership. Rogers revived the career of Dottie West when their song "Every Time Fools Collide" became a hit in 1978. They

title: West African cuisine

text: a part of any West African meal. Some commonly eaten vegetables include black-eyed peas, eggplant, pumpkin and other squashes, okra, as well as a staggering variety of both farmed and foraged green leafy vegetables, little known or used outside of the African continent. Baobab leaves, pumpkin leaves, rosella leaves, sweet potato leaves, and cassava leaves (which contain cyanide in their raw state, and are always blanched with boiling water before use to remove the toxins) are just some of the greens that are commonplace in a West African kitchen. Black-eyed peas form the basis for a popular fried snack, the

title: West African Dwarf sheep

text: West African Dwarf sheep West African Dwarf (also Djallonke) is a domesticated breed of sheep and is the dominant breed from southwest to central Africa. This breed is primarily raised for meat. The West African Dwarf is generally white or piebald, the front half being black and the back half white. However, skewbald (tan on white) and the blackbelly pattern are found, and the Kirdi type are specially selected to be entirely black. Rams weigh approximately , have a well-developed throat ruff and are usually horned. The horns are wide at the base, curve backwards, outwards and then forwards again,

title: West African crocodile

text: African, slender-snouted and dwarf), it was found that the West African crocodile typically occupied larger, more open waterways consisting of river basins and mangrove swamps, and was the species most tolerant of brackish waters. In comparison, the slender-snouted crocodile typically occupies rivers within forest interiors, while dwarf crocodiles are distributed in smaller rivers (mainly tributaries), streams and brooks also within forested areas. Compared to the Nile crocodile, the West African crocodile is smaller: Adults are typically long, and maximum is perhaps . It is less aggressive than the Nile crocodile, but several attacks on humans have been recorded, including fatal.

title: West African Examinations Council

text: by an official prior to the conduct of the exam. This led to the cancellation of results in some examination centers and some students were asked to take the exam with their juniors the following year. Also in 1977, there was a much wider examination of leakage and malpractice at examination centers which led to what was termed EXPO 77. By 1982, there were allegations that exams were sold and to combat these types of malpractices, examinations were cancelled at some centers affecting both innocent and guilty students. West African Examinations Council The West African Examinations Council (WAEC) is an

title: West African bichir

text: West African bichir The West African bichir or retropinnis bichir ("Polypterus retropinnis"), is a freshwater fish in the family Polypteridae, is found in the central Congo River basin and Ogooué River in Africa. It is a long, slender fish that grows to a maximum length of about . Bichirs are primitive fish which have a jaw structure that resembles that of tetrapods rather than bony fishes; they also have rudimentary lungs and two slit-like spiracles used for exhalation, and can breathe air when there is insufficient oxygen in the water. The West African bichir has an elongated cylindrical body with

title: West African National Secretariat

text: and aimed to include countries as distant as Kenya and Sudan. A major congress was planned, but never came to fruition. Within WANS, Nkrumah organised a secret socialist revolutionary group, known as "The Circle". This group worked closely with the Communist Party of Great Britain. During 1946, WANS published five issues of a monthly journal, "The New African", containing articles in English, French and Belgian, on West African issues, but also incorporating stories from the "Moscow New Times". In September, WANS held a joint conference with WASU, which Nkrumah convinced Léopold Sédar Senghor and Sourou Migan Apithy to attend. WANS

title: West African Ebola virus epidemic

text: (a reference to the massive plan to rebuild Europe after World War II) was needed so that countries could begin to financially assist those that had been worst hit by the virus. The call was repeated in April 2015 when the most-affected West African countries asked for an $8 billion "Marshall Plan" to rebuild their economies. Speaking at the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF), Liberian president Ellen Johnson Sirleaf said the amount was needed because "[o]ur health systems collapsed, investors left our countries, revenues declined and spending increased." The IMF has been criticised for its lack of

title: West African oyan

text: considered it a subspecies of the Central African oyan. Since 1974, it is regarded as a distinct species. West African oyan The West African oyan ("Poiana leightoni"), also known as the West African linsang, is a linsang species native to the Upper Guinean forests in West Africa. It is one of the least known small carnivores in Africa. The West African oyan’s body is slender and long, with an elongated head and a pointed muzzle. Its fur is yellowish to reddish brown with dark oval shaped spots on the neck, and small spots on the back and legs. Its throat,

title: West African catshark

text: with a square-cut end and a medium-sized lower lobe. The skin is rough due to a covering of large, erect dermal denticles. The West African catshark can grow to about . The background colour is greyish or brownish with distinct large black spots on the back and sides and eight or nine dark-coloured, saddle-shaped patches, the extremities of which often centre on the black spots. There are no white spots or patches as are sometimes found in the rather similar nursehound ("Scyliorhinus stellaris"). The West African catshark is found in the eastern Atlantic Ocean at depths between . Its range

title: West African giraffe

text: this subspecies, the populations in European zoos are in fact Kordofan giraffes ("G. c. antiquorum"). The West African giraffe is more closely related to the giraffes of East Africa than to those of Central Africa. Its ancestor may have migrated from East to North Africa during the Quaternary and then to West Africa with the development of the Sahara desert. At its largest, Lake Chad may have acted as a barrier between West African and Kordofan giraffes during the Holocene. The Nigerien giraffe population relies upon seasonal migration between the relatively drought-resistant lowlands of the Niger River valley and the

title: African immigration to Europe

text: Switzerland in 2017, in thousands. Source: Pew Research Center. African immigration to Europe African immigrants in Europe are either born in Africa or are of African descent but live in Europe. The Roman Emperor Septimius Severus was born in North Africa, in what is now modern day Libya. North Africans moved to Britain during Roman rule. Some white British men have a Y chromosome haplogroup originating from Sub-Saharan African males. Since the 1960s, the main source countries of migration from Africa to Europe have been Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia, resulting in large diasporas with origins in these countries by the

title: African immigration to Europe

text: African immigration to Europe African immigrants in Europe are either born in Africa or are of African descent but live in Europe. The Roman Emperor Septimius Severus was born in North Africa, in what is now modern day Libya. North Africans moved to Britain during Roman rule. Some white British men have a Y chromosome haplogroup originating from Sub-Saharan African males. Since the 1960s, the main source countries of migration from Africa to Europe have been Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia, resulting in large diasporas with origins in these countries by the end of the 20th century. In the period following

title: West African catshark

text: West African catshark The West African catshark ("Scyliorhinus cervigoni") is a catshark of the family Scyliorhinidae. It is found in the eastern Atlantic between latitudes 20° N and 17° S, at depths between 45 and 500 m. It can grow up to a length of . At one time, the West African catshark was considered to be a subspecies of the nursehound, "Scyliorhinus stellaris", but is now considered to be a separate species. The reproduction of this catshark is oviparous. The West African catshark has a stout body and a somewhat flattened head, the greatest width of which is at

title: Science and technology in Pacific Island countries

text: Energy and Energy Efficiency, 'a first for the Pacific'. The centre will become part of the United Nations Industrial Development Organization's network of regional Sustainable Energy for All Centres of Excellence, along with centres for the Caribbean Community, Economic Community of West African States, the Southern African Development Community and the East African Community. Efforts are under way to improve countries’ capacity to produce, conserve and use renewable energy. For example, the European Union has funded the Renewable Energy in Pacific Island Countries Developing Skills and Capacity programme (EPIC). Since its inception in 2013, EPIC has developed two master’s programmes

title: West African Pidgin English

text: Africa as a trading language. Their enslaved children born in the Americas would have adopted different versions of West African Pidgin English as their "native" languages, thus creating a series of New World English-based creoles. The similarities among the many English-based pidgin and creole languages spoken today on "both" sides of the Atlantic are due, at least in part, to their common derivation from the early West African Pidgin English. Note the following examples: "Dem dey go for go it res" -- They are going there to eat rice "Dem dey go chop rais" -- They are going there to

title: West African lungfish

text: to a year; however the West African lungfish generally only aestivates between wet seasons. The Tana lungfish has a diet not unlike other lungfish, consisting of various mollusks, crabs, prawn, and small fish within its distribution. It can also go for up to 3 1/2 years without any food intake whatsoever. During this time period it behaves much like an estivating fish in that it buries itself in the mud and does not move until more favorable conditions occur. West African lungfish The West African lungfish ("Protopterus annectens"), also known as the Tana lungfish or simply African lungfish, is a

title: South West African Jung

text: Otavi Railway's fast passenger service. Their coal bunkers were removed and they were equipped with tenders, supplied by Henschel and Son, which ran on four-wheeled bogies and had a capacity of coal and water. Similar tenders had been fitted to modified Class Ha locomotives. The locomotive numbers and Jung works numbers are listed in the table. South West African Jung The South West African Jung 0-6-2T of 1904 was a narrow gauge steam locomotive from the German South West Africa era. In 1904, the Otavi Mining and Railway Company in German South West Africa acquired fifteen 0-6-2 tank locomotives from

title: South West African Airways

text: South West African Airways South West African Airways (SWAA) was the first commercial air service in South West Africa (now Namibia). It operated from 1930 until 1935, when it was taken over by South African Airways. South African military forces occupied German South West Africa during World War I, and South Africa continued to administer the territory after the war, under a mandate from the League of Nations. In 1930, the administration invited tenders for an air mail and passenger carrier service. The successful tenderer was the Junkers aircraft company in Germany, which then formed South West African Airways. Naturally,

title: West African Students' Union

text: in Britain's African colonies. As early as 1923, Solanke had proposed that the Union of Students of African Descent (USAD), a Christian social organisation dominated by students from the West Indies (and which had grown out of the earlier West African and West Indian Christian Union, founded in 1917), should incorporate itself into the National Congress of British West Africa (NCBWA). In 1925, Bankole-Bright of the NCBWA called on USAD, the NPU, the African Progress Union and the Gold Coast Students Association to join together to form a single organisation for West African students, inspired by the Indian Students' Union.

title: West African giraffe

text: West African giraffe The West African giraffe, Niger giraffe or Nigerien giraffe ("Giraffa camelopardalis peralta") is a subspecies of the giraffe distinguished by its light colored spots, which is found in the Sahel regions of West Africa. In the 19th century it ranged from Senegal to Lake Chad, yet in 2011 this subspecies only survives in a few isolated pockets containing about 400 individuals in total. Its last self-sustaining herd is in southwest Niger, supported by a series of refuges in Dosso Region, and the tourist center at Kouré, some 80 km southeast of Niamey. All captive so-called "West African

title: African Monetary Union

text: a single currency by 2023. There are two existing regional currency unions in Africa, using the West African CFA franc, and the Central African CFA franc, respectively. Additionally, the Common Monetary Area links several countries in southern Africa based on the South African rand. The African Union's plans for further integration encourage the development of more such regional unions as an intermediate step to full monetary union. One proposed union is the eco, a proposed currency for members of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS). In 2002, Mansour Ciss and Baruch Gottlieb created a "prototype" currency, called the

title: West African Research Center

text: West African Research Center The West African Research Center (WARC) is the overseas research center for the United States-based West African Research Association (WARA). It is located in Dakar, Senegal. WARC is a center for academic exchange between American and West African scholars that encourages research on the region of West Africa. The idea for the overseas center came about in May 1992 and was implemented in the fall of 1993. Since its inception, WARC has grown both in terms of staff and influence as it continues to connect researchers in the USA with researchers in the region of West

title: West African Pidgin English

text: book titled "A Voyage to the River Sierra-Leone on the Coast of Africa". Matthews refers to West African Pidgin English as a "jargon", and he warns Europeans coming to Africa that they will fail to understand the Africans unless they recognize that there are significant differences between English and the coastal pidgin: West African Pidgin English remained in use in West Africa after the slave trade and, later, European colonization ended. Many distinct regional variants of the language emerged. Looked down upon in colonial times as a bastardization of proper English – a stigma still attached to it by some

title: West African Pidgin English

text: language spoken on the West African coast two hundred years ago. Some scholars also argue that African slaves took West African Pidgin English to the New World where it helped give rise to the English-based creoles that developed there, including the Gullah language in coastal South Carolina and Georgia, Bahamian Dialect, Jamaican Creole, Belizean Kriol, Guyanese Creole, Sranan Tongo in Suriname, etc. Since the slaves taken to the Americas spoke many different African languages, they would have found West African Pidgin English as useful as a lingua franca on the plantations as they had found it back home in West

text: Responses to the West African Ebola virus epidemic Organizations from around the world responded to the West African Ebola virus epidemic. In July 2014, the World Health Organization (WHO) convened an emergency meeting with health ministers from eleven countries and announced collaboration on a strategy to co-ordinate technical support to combat the epidemic. In August, they declared the outbreak an international public health emergency and published a roadmap to guide and coordinate the international response to the outbreak, aiming to stop ongoing Ebola transmission worldwide within 6–9 months. In September, the United Nations Security Council declared the Ebola virus outbreak

title: West African Research Center

text: Africa interested in common issues. Currently, WARC is headed by Dr. Ousmane Sene. It is located in the Fann Residence neighborhood of Dakar. The center is a member of the Council of American Overseas Research Centers. WARC promotes scholarly research on West Africa and the Diaspora and works to foster cooperation between American and West African researchers, students and artists, and seeks active participation of both West African and American scholars, WARC specifically aims to: The West African Research Center has a conference, seminar and round-table room. The Center also makes available for the west African Research Association members and

title: West African Dwarf goat

text: West African Dwarf goat The West African Dwarf goat breed from coastal West and Central Africa is the progenitor of the African Pygmy and Nigerian Dwarf breeds in the United States, as well as the Dutch Dwarf and Pygmy goat breeds in Great Britain. This breed likely evolved in response to conditions of the humid forests of West and Central Africa. The West African Dwarf goat is markedly stunted and has a typical height of . Adult males weigh and females . Both sexes have horns, which curve outwards and backwards in males. Males also have beards and sometimes manes.

title: African elephant

text: a "human-elephant conflict" working group. They believe that different approaches are needed in different countries and regions, and so develop conservation strategies at national and regional levels. Under the auspices of the Convention on Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS), also known as the Bonn Convention, a Memorandum of Understanding concerning Conservation Measures for the West African Populations of the African Elephant came into effect on 22 November 2005. The MoU aims to protect the West African elephant population by providing an international framework for state governments, scientists and conservation groups to collaborate in the conservation of the species and

title: West African National Secretariat

text: West African National Secretariat The West African National Secretariat (WANS) was a Pan-Africanist movement founded by Kwame Nkrumah, based in Britain. Nkrumah founded WANS in December 1945, immediately following the Manchester Pan-African Congress, becoming the new organisation's Secretary-General. Other founder members included I. T. A. Wallace-Johnson (who was elected as Chairman), Bankole Akpata, Kojo Botsio and Bankole Awooner-Renner (the first President). Many of its initial members were also members of the West African Students' Union (WASU). WANS aimed to build a united movement throughout West Africa for independence, on a platform of anti-imperialism. Its view of West Africa was broad,

title: West African slender-snouted crocodile

text: West African slender-snouted crocodile The West African slender-snouted crocodile ("Mecistops cataphractus") is a critically endangered species of crocodile from Africa. It is one of five species of crocodile in Africa, the other five being the Central African slender-snouted, Nile, West African and dwarf crocodiles. The slender-snouted crocodile ("M. cataphractus") was thought to be distributed across west Africa and into central Africa but the central African species has been separated as the Central African slender-snouted crocodile ("M. leptorhynchus") based on studies in 2014 and 2018 that indicated that both were distinct species. The name "cataphractus" is retained for the West African