query: who was charlemagne's wife?

title: Corton-Charlemagne

text: sections of the slope where the snow melted first and ordered that grapevines be planted on that slope. His orders were followed and the hill of Corton was planted first entirely with red grape varieties. A couple decades later, Charlemagne's fourth wife Luitgard was said to be displeased with red wine drippings on the white beard of the king and ordered that a section of the hill be pulled up and replanted with white grape varieties—a section that is today known as Corton-Charlemagne. Though written records have noted acclaim for the white wine from the region as early as the

title: Bertha, daughter of Charlemagne

text: their inheritance by their father. Bertha, daughter of Charlemagne Bertha (c. 780 – after 11 March 824) was the seventh child and third daughter of Charlemagne, King of the Franks, by his second wife, Hildegard of the Vinzgau. Bertha was raised with her brothers and sisters in the royal household of Charlemagne, who had all of his children educated by tutors. An offer by Offa of Mercia to arrange a marriage between Bertha and his son, Ecgfrith, led to Charlemagne breaking off diplomatic relations with Mercia in 790, and banning English ships from his ports. Like her sisters, Bertha never

title: Bertha, daughter of Charlemagne

text: Bertha, daughter of Charlemagne Bertha (c. 780 – after 11 March 824) was the seventh child and third daughter of Charlemagne, King of the Franks, by his second wife, Hildegard of the Vinzgau. Bertha was raised with her brothers and sisters in the royal household of Charlemagne, who had all of his children educated by tutors. An offer by Offa of Mercia to arrange a marriage between Bertha and his son, Ecgfrith, led to Charlemagne breaking off diplomatic relations with Mercia in 790, and banning English ships from his ports. Like her sisters, Bertha never formally married; it has been

title: Charlemagne

text: Charlemagne upheld the pope's side. Charlemagne demanded what the pope had requested, but Desiderius swore never to comply. Charlemagne and his uncle Bernard crossed the Alps in 773 and chased the Lombards back to Pavia, which they then besieged. Charlemagne temporarily left the siege to deal with Adelchis, son of Desiderius, who was raising an army at Verona. The young prince was chased to the Adriatic littoral and fled to Constantinople to plead for assistance from Constantine V, who was waging war with Bulgaria. The siege lasted until the spring of 774 when Charlemagne visited the pope in Rome. There

title: Le Pèlerinage de Charlemagne

text: Le Pèlerinage de Charlemagne Le Pèlerinage de Charlemagne or Voyage de Charlemagne à Jérusalem et à Constantinople ("Pilgrimage of Charlemagne" or "Charlemagne's Voyage to Jerusalem and Constantinople") is an Old French "chanson de geste" (epic poem) dealing with a fictional expedition by Charlemagne and his knights. The oldest known written version was probably composed around 1140. Two 15th-century reworkings of the story are also known. In the story, Charlemagne asks his wife if she thinks he is the most handsome king in the world. To Charlemagne's outrage, she answers that the (fictional) Byzantine Emperor Hugo is better looking. Under the

title: Charlemagne

text: Chanson de Roland"). The conquest of Italy brought Charlemagne in contact with the Saracens who, at the time, controlled the Mediterranean. Charlemagne's eldest son, Pepin the Hunchback, was much occupied with Saracens in Italy. Charlemagne conquered Corsica and Sardinia at an unknown date and in 799 the Balearic Islands. The islands were often attacked by Saracen pirates, but the counts of Genoa and Tuscany (Boniface) controlled them with large fleets until the end of Charlemagne's reign. Charlemagne even had contact with the caliphal court in Baghdad. In 797 (or possibly 801), the caliph of Baghdad, Harun al-Rashid, presented Charlemagne with

title: Diane Charlemagne

text: Diane Charlemagne Diane Charlemagne (22 February 1964 – 28 October 2015) was a British jazz, soul, funk and electronic dance music singer. Charlemagne was lead singer with 1980s funk band, 52nd Street, having replaced previous lead vocalist Beverley McDonald in 1984. In 1990, 52nd Street re-emerged as Cool Down Zone, with Charlemagne providing vocals as well as having writing credits on all 10 songs on their album "New Direction". Later she was lead singer with Urban Cookie Collective, who had two UK Top 10 hits in the 1990s. Charlemagne provided the vocal for Goldie's "Inner City Life", and performed vocals

title: Corton-Charlemagne

text: Corton-Charlemagne Corton-Charlemagne is an "Appellation d'origine contrôlée" (AOC) and Grand Cru vineyard for white wine in Côte de Beaune subregion of Burgundy. It is located in the communes of Aloxe-Corton, Pernand-Vergelesses and Ladoix-Serrigny with Chardonnay being the only permitted grape variety. Around 300,000 bottles of white wine are produced each year in the appellation. Corton-Charlemagne is named after the Holy Roman Emperor Charlemagne, who once owned the hill of Corton on which the vineyards now rest. The first mention of a "Clos de Charlemagne" dates to 1375, in a lease of the 'Clos le Charlemagne' by the Chapitre de Saint-Androche-de-

title: Charlemagne

text: earthenwork rampart. The Danevirke protected Danish land and gave Godfred the opportunity to harass Frisia and Flanders with pirate raids. He also subdued the Frank-allied Veleti and fought the Abotrites. Godfred invaded Frisia, joked of visiting Aachen, but was murdered before he could do any more, either by a Frankish assassin or by one of his own men. Godfred was succeeded by his nephew Hemming, who concluded the Treaty of Heiligen with Charlemagne in late 811. In 813, Charlemagne called Louis the Pious, king of Aquitaine, his only surviving legitimate son, to his court. There Charlemagne crowned his son as

title: Order of Charlemagne

text: Order of Charlemagne The Order of Charlemagne () is the only order and civil decoration issued by the Principality of Andorra. The Order of Charlemagne was created 7 December 2007 by the Minister of Culture Juli Minoves Triquell with the purpose to "reward the merits of those who have excelled in their field of work and who have made outstanding services to the Andorran State". The name of the order was given to honour the figure of the founder of the Principality of Andorra, Emperor Charlemagne of the Franks, who granted sovereignty to the people of the "Valleys of Andorra"

title: Charlemagne

text: in battle and Charlemagne avenged him by harrying the Eastphalians on the Elbe. Thrasuco, his successor, led his men to conquest over the Nordalbingians and handed their leaders over to Charlemagne, who honoured him. The Abotrites remained loyal until Charles' death and fought later against the Danes. When Charlemagne incorporated much of Central Europe, he brought the Frankish state face to face with the Avars and Slavs in the southeast. The most southeast Frankish neighbours were Croats, who settled in Pannonian Croatia and Dalmatian Croatia. While fighting the Avars, the Franks had called for their support. During the 790s, he

title: USS Charlemagne

text: USS Charlemagne USS "Charlemagne" is a fictional brig of war from the "Revolution at Sea" novel series by James L. Nelson. A Continental Navy warship, she is known as the first Continental command of Captain Isaac Biddlecomb in James L. Nelsons "Revolution at Sea" series. She was originally built as a privateer but was taken into the Rhode Island State Navy to stop in her attempt to stop all smuggling in that colony. There she accompanied "Katy" in capturing "Rose"s tender, "Diana". She was then purchased by the Continental Army for a mission to liberate gunpowder on Bermuda. On the

title: Charlemagne

text: Charlemagne had a sustained impact on European culture. The author of the "Visio Karoli Magni" written around 865 uses facts gathered apparently from Einhard and his own observations on the decline of Charlemagne's family after the dissensions war (840–43) as the basis for a visionary tale of Charles' meeting with a prophetic spectre in a dream. Charlemagne was a model knight as one of the Nine Worthies who enjoyed an important legacy in European culture. One of the great medieval literary cycles, the Charlemagne cycle or the "Matter of France", centres on his deeds—the Emperor with the Flowing Beard of

title: Charlemagne Prize

text: Charlemagne Prize The Charlemagne Prize (; full name originally "Internationaler Karlspreis der Stadt Aachen", International Charlemagne Prize of the City of Aachen, since 1988 "Internationaler Karlspreis zu Aachen", International Charlemagne Prize of Aachen) is a prize awarded for work done in the service of European unification. It has been awarded annually since 1950 by the German city of Aachen. It commemorates Charlemagne, ruler of the Frankish Empire and founder of what became the Holy Roman Empire, who resided and is buried at Aachen. Traditionally the award is given to the recipient on Ascension Day in a ceremony in the town

title: Cours Charlemagne

text: Cours Charlemagne The Cours Charlemagne is a large central street located in the Perrache quarter, in the 2nd arrondissement of Lyon. This street is dedicated to Charlemagne, who came several times to Lyon. In addition, the bishop Leidrade represented the emperor in the city and by his great work of reconstruction. The Cours Charlemagne begins Place des Archives, just at the south of the vaults of the interchange of Perrache. It ends on the Quai Perrache, which overlooks the Pont Pasteur. The layout of the street was decided in 1806 (and published in 1826) to establish an imperial palace at

title: Charlemagne

text: hall and the Aachen cathedral, displaying 500 Charlemagne statues. The expansion pack "Age of Charlemagne" for the 2015 strategy game "" features Charlemagne as the faction leader for his half of the Carolingian Empire. Charlemagne was a lover of books, sometimes having them read to him during meals. He was thought to enjoy the works of St. Augustine. His court played a key role in producing books that taught elementary Latin and different aspects of the church. It also played a part in creating a royal library that contained in-depth works on language and Christian faith. Charlemagne encouraged clerics to

title: Manno Charlemagne

text: October, a truckload of troops pulled up to his home, roughed him up in front of his family, and hauled him off to jail. His wife, Chantel, went into hiding with the couple's baby son, Ti-Manno, and later fled to the island of Guadeloupe. Charlemagne took up guitar and singing at the age of 16. By 1968, he had formed a band named "Les Remarquables." He later started a twoubadou band named "Les Trouvères" with Marco Jeanty. Charlemagne died in Miami Beach, Florida on December 10, 2017, aged 69, after a struggle of several months with lung cancer which had

title: Charlemagne

text: de Landen and Pépin le Bref). The city of Aachen has, since 1949, awarded an international prize (called the "Karlspreis der Stadt Aachen") in honour of Charlemagne. It is awarded annually to "personages of merit who have promoted the idea of western unity by their political, economic and literary endeavours." Winners of the prize include Richard von Coudenhove-Kalergi, the founder of the pan-European movement, Alcide De Gasperi, and Winston Churchill. In its national anthem, "El Gran Carlemany", the nation of Andorra credits Charlemagne with its independence. In 1964, young French singer France Gall released the hit song "Sacré Charlemagne" in

title: Cours Charlemagne

text: club, several banks, etc. The street is currently bordered by a double row of plane trees. Cours Charlemagne The Cours Charlemagne is a large central street located in the Perrache quarter, in the 2nd arrondissement of Lyon. This street is dedicated to Charlemagne, who came several times to Lyon. In addition, the bishop Leidrade represented the emperor in the city and by his great work of reconstruction. The Cours Charlemagne begins Place des Archives, just at the south of the vaults of the interchange of Perrache. It ends on the Quai Perrache, which overlooks the Pont Pasteur. The layout of

title: Le Pèlerinage de Charlemagne

text: saying he will help Charlemagne. Charlemagne returns to Hugo and claims that he is indeed capable of all the things he and his companions boasted about. Hugo doesn't believe it, but with the help of God, the Peers can perform their tasks. Hugo is very impressed and takes a vow to become Charlemagne's vassal. Once back home he forgives his wife and becomes a more pious king. Whether "Le Pèlerinage de Charlemagne" is a satire on the genre of the "chanson de geste" or not is debated. Also, date and location of composition of the poem is unknown. The text

title: Manno Charlemagne

text: Manno Charlemagne Joseph Emmanuel "Manno" Charlemagne (April 14, 1948 – December 10, 2017) was a Haitian political folk singer, songwriter and acoustic guitarist, political activist and politician. He recorded his political chansons in both French and in Creole. He lived abroad in exile twice, both during the 1980s and again during the years 1991–1994, when the country was ruled by a military "junta" led by Raoul Cédras. Charlemagne grew up in Carrefour, to the south of the capital of Port-au-Prince, where he was influenced as much by the songs of the peasants who moved into the area in search of

title: Charlemagne, Quebec

text: Charlemagne, Quebec Charlemagne () is an off-island suburb of Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It is located on the north shore of the Rivière des Prairies, northeast of Montreal's downtown core. As of 2011, the population was 5,853. It is the birthplace of recording artist Céline Dion, who was the winner of the 1988 Eurovision Song Contest in Dublin, Ireland, representing Switzerland with her song, "Ne partez pas sans moi". The town council named one of its main streets after her without the recognition of a Quebec commission. Additionally, the town erected a sculpture on Dion's behalf. Charlemagne is also the birthplace

title: Charlemagne

text: Charlemagne Charlemagne () or Charles the Great (, ; 2 April 742 – 28 January 814), numbered Charles I, was King of the Franks from 768, King of the Lombards from 774, and Holy Roman Emperor from 800. He united much of western and central Europe during the Early Middle Ages. He was the first recognised emperor to rule from western Europe since the fall of the Western Roman Empire three centuries earlier. The expanded Frankish state that Charlemagne founded is called the Carolingian Empire. He was later canonized by Antipope Paschal III. Charlemagne was the eldest son of Pepin

title: Charlemagne (comics)

text: then defeat it physically. In the next issue, Michael fights with War Dancer, the star of another Defiant series. The series ends with Charles revisiting his family 20 years after he had left home. Charlemagne (comics) Charlemagne is an American extinct comic book series, published by Defiant Comics from February 1994 until July 1994. The series lasted for 5 issues before Defiant ceased publication. A free teaser issue, #0, was published inside "Hero Illustrated" #9, and not available separately. "Charlemagne" revolves around Charles Smith. When the series begins in 1973, Charles is a 12-year-old boy who runs away from home

title: Charlemagne (comics)

text: Charlemagne (comics) Charlemagne is an American extinct comic book series, published by Defiant Comics from February 1994 until July 1994. The series lasted for 5 issues before Defiant ceased publication. A free teaser issue, #0, was published inside "Hero Illustrated" #9, and not available separately. "Charlemagne" revolves around Charles Smith. When the series begins in 1973, Charles is a 12-year-old boy who runs away from home after his brother Pete is reported missing in Vietnam. Charles manages to get to Vietnam, and spends months trying to locate Pete. His search takes him to a small village where Charles sees his

title: Gerberga, wife of Carloman I

text: Gerberga, wife of Carloman I Gerberga (8th century) was the wife of Carloman I, King of the Franks, and sister-in-law of Charlemagne. Her flight to the Lombard kingdom of Desiderius following Carloman's death precipitated the last Franco-Lombard war, and the end of the independent kingdom of the Lombards in 774. Very little is known of Gerberga. Her family and background are otherwise unknown: references to her being a daughter of Desiderius appear to be based upon confusion between herself and her sister-in-law, the Lombard princess Desiderata, who had married Carloman's brother, Charlemagne, as part of a pact between the Franks

title: Charlemagne

text: relatively primitive. Therefore, storytellers in England adapted legends of Charlemagne and his 12 Peers to the Arthurian tales. In the "Divine Comedy", the spirit of Charlemagne appears to Dante in the , among the other "warriors of the faith". Charlemagne appears in "Adelchi", the second tragedy by Italian writer Alessandro Manzoni, first published in 1822. In 1867, an equestrian statue of Charlemagne was made by Louis Jehotte and was inaugurated in 1868 on the Boulevard d'Avroy in Liège. In the niches of the neo-roman pedestal are six statues of Charlemagne's ancestors (Sainte Begge, Pépin de Herstal, Charles Martel, Bertrude, Pépin

title: Charlemagne

text: Louis. In addition, he had a grandson (Bernard of Italy, the only son of his third son, Pippin of Italy), who was illegitimate but included in the line of inheritance. Among his descendants are several royal dynasties, including the Habsburg, Capetian and Plantagenet dynasties. By consequence, most if not all established European noble families ever since can genealogically trace their background to Charlemagne. He was named "Charles" in French and English, "Carolus" in Latin, after his grandfather, Charles Martel. Later Old French historians dubbed him "Charles le Magne" (Charles the Great), becoming Charlemagne in English after the Norman conquest of

title: French ship Charlemagne (1809)

text: on 30 August 1814, "Charlemagne" was transferred to the Dutch Navy, as per the Treaty of Paris. The Dutch brought her into service as "Naussau". French ship Charlemagne (1809) Charlemagne was a 74-gun ship of the line of the French Navy, part of the shorter "Borée" subtype. "Charlemagne" was the first ship of the line to be built in Antwerp according to the wishes of Napoléon, who wanted to expand the French Navy by exploiting shipyards in Belgium, the Netherlands and Italy. In 1807, she was stationned in Vlissingen under Commander Dupotet, in the squadron of Vice-Admiral Missiessy. She aided

title: Charlemagne

text: line, but in 800, the Bulgarians under Khan Krum attacked the remains of the Avar state. In 803, Charlemagne sent a Bavarian army into Pannonia, defeating and bringing an end to the Avar confederation. In November of the same year, Charlemagne went to Regensburg where the Avar leaders acknowledged him as their ruler. In 805, the Avar khagan, who had already been baptised, went to Aachen to ask permission to settle with his people south-eastward from Vienna. The Transdanubian territories became integral parts of the Frankish realm, which was abolished by the Magyars in 899–900. In 789, in recognition of

title: Charlemagne Palestine

text: is dedicated to preserving films that document disappearing traditional cultures. After moving to Europe in 1995, in addition to creating exhibitions, Palestine performs regularly, re-releasing older material and developing new videos and sonic projects. Charlemagne Palestine, who has long incorporated bears and plush toys into his performances, created the art installation Bear Mitzvah in Meshugahland at The Jewish Museum in New York City in 2017. Charlemagne Palestine Chaim Moshe Tzadik Palestine (born 1947), known professionally as Charlemagne Palestine, is an American musical performance artist. Born in Brooklyn, New York in 1947, Palestine began by singing sacred Jewish music and studying

title: Corton-Charlemagne

text: permitted to be called Corton-Charlemagne. The lieu-dits responsible for the majority of Corton-Charlemagne are "Le Charlemagne", "Les Pouget" and "Les Languettes". As part of the Burgundy wine region, the hill of Corton shares the same continental climate as the rest of the Côte-d'Or. The particularly mesoclimate of Corton-Charlemagne is fractionally cooler, by a few growing degrees than the lower slopes that produce red Corton AOC. The majority of Corton-Charlemagne grapes come from the westerly exposed lieu-dits of "Le Charlemagne" and "En Charlemagne". Being not as favorably exposed as the eastern facing lieu-dits of Corton, both the Chardonnay and few Pinot

title: Testament of Charlemagne

text: Testament of Charlemagne The Testament of Charlemagne was documented and witnessed in 811, the 43rd year of his reign. Charlemagne had intended to make a last will and testament in order to share his wealth with his daughters and the children of his concubines (his sons mostly inheriting parts of his kingdom). Unfortunately, it was begun too late and was not finished before his death in 814. Nevertheless, three years prior, he made a division of his possessions, ratified in the presence of the faithful who were called upon as witnesses. The text of this testament is quoted from Einhard

title: Charlemagne de Maupas

text: Charlemagne de Maupas Charlemagne Émile de Maupas (8 December 1818 – 19 June 1888) was a French lawyer and politician who was head of the Parisian Police during the critical period when Napoleon III seized power in the coup of 2 December 1851. Charlemagne Émile de Maupas was born in Bar-sur-Aube, Aube, on 8 December 1818. He studied law in Paris. He entered the prefectural career as a sub-prefect of Uzès in 1845, then of Beaune in 1847. He returned to private life after the February Revolution of 1848. He attached himself to the Bonapartist party, and soon gained the

title: Talisman of Charlemagne

text: Empire, Empress Eugenie entrusted it to Henri Conneau who hid it in a wall of his house and transmitted it to her in England. In 1919 it passed from to the Archbishop of Rheims, Cardinal Louis Luçon, who placed it in the church treasury of the Abbey of Saint-Remi. The exchange of the hair of Mary for a piece of the True Cross may have taken place in this period. Talisman of Charlemagne The Talisman of Charlemagne is a 9th-century Carolingian reliquary encolpion that may once have belonged to Charlemagne and is purported to contain a fragment of the True

title: Corton-Charlemagne

text: partially overlapping. Furthermore, there is a third Grand Cru appellation on the Corton hill, Charlemagne, that may be used for white wine produced from the "En Charlemagne" lieu-dit. However, as "En Charlemagne" is only 0.28 hectares in size, production is limited and usually blended with grapes from the other lieu-dits of Corton-Charlemagne. As of 2012, the Corton-Charlemagne AOC was producing an average of 2,280 hectoliters of wine a year (around 304,000 bottles of wine) representing more than 2 out of every 3 bottles of all the "Grand Cru" class white wine produced throughout the Côte de Nuits and Côte de

title: Charlemagne Prize

text: children's children". In April 2008, the organisers of the Charlemagne Prize and the European Parliament jointly created a new European Charlemagne Youth Prize, which recognises contributions by young people towards the process of European integration. (The popes are counted only for the Vatican City) Charlemagne Prize The Charlemagne Prize (; full name originally "Internationaler Karlspreis der Stadt Aachen", International Charlemagne Prize of the City of Aachen, since 1988 "Internationaler Karlspreis zu Aachen", International Charlemagne Prize of Aachen) is a prize awarded for work done in the service of European unification. It has been awarded annually since 1950 by the German

title: Charlemagne

text: Louis received Aquitaine, the Spanish March and Provence. The imperial title was not mentioned, which led to the suggestion that, at that particular time, Charlemagne regarded the title as an honorary achievement that held no hereditary significance. Pepin died in 810 and Charles in 811. Charlemagne then reconsidered the matter, and in 813, crowned his youngest son, Louis, co-emperor and co-King of the Franks, granting him a half-share of the empire and the rest upon Charlemagne's own death. The only part of the Empire that Louis was not promised was Italy, which Charlemagne specifically bestowed upon Pippin's illegitimate son Bernard.

title: Charlemagne

text: endorsed by the Franks. The Second Council of Nicaea reintroduced the veneration of icons under Empress Irene. The council was not recognised by Charlemagne since no Frankish emissaries had been invited, even though Charlemagne ruled more than three provinces of the classical Roman empire and was considered equal in rank to the Byzantine emperor. And while the Pope supported the reintroduction of the iconic veneration, he politically digressed from Byzantium. He certainly desired to increase the influence of the papacy, to honour his saviour Charlemagne, and to solve the constitutional issues then most troubling to European jurists in an era

title: Charlemagne

text: ignorant of the Pope's intent and did not want any such coronation: A number of modern scholars, however, suggest that Charlemagne was indeed aware of the coronation; certainly, he cannot have missed the bejewelled crown waiting on the altar when he came to pray; something even contemporary sources support. Historians have debated for centuries whether Charlemagne was aware before the coronation of the Pope's intention to crown him Emperor (Charlemagne declared that he would not have entered Saint Peter's had he known, according to chapter twenty-eight of Einhard's "Vita Karoli Magni"), but that debate obscured the more significant question of

title: Charlemagne

text: the Saxons. Pippin and Duke Eric of Friuli continued, however, to assault the Avars' ring-shaped strongholds. The great Ring of the Avars, their capital fortress, was taken twice. The booty was sent to Charlemagne at his capital, Aachen, and redistributed to his followers and to foreign rulers, including King Offa of Mercia. Soon the Avar tuduns had lost the will to fight and travelled to Aachen to become vassals to Charlemagne and to become Christians. Charlemagne accepted their surrender and sent one native chief, baptised Abraham, back to Avaria with the ancient title of khagan. Abraham kept his people in

title: Charlemagne

text: bound by a private contract or Friedelehe at the time of his birth, but did not marry until 744. Charlemagne's exact birthplace is unknown, although historians have suggested Aachen in modern-day Germany, and Liège (Herstal) in present-day Belgium as possible locations. Aachen and Liège are close to the region from whence the Merovingian and Carolingian families originated. Other cities have been suggested, including Düren, Gauting, Mürlenbach, Quierzy, and Prüm. No definitive evidence resolves the question. Charlemagne was the eldest child of Pepin the Short (714 – 24 September 768, reigned from 751) and his wife Bertrada of Laon (720 –

title: Charlemagne

text: to the Slavs to the west of the Avar khaganate: the Carantanians and Carniolans. These people were subdued by the Lombards and Bavarii and made tributaries, but were never fully incorporated into the Frankish state. In 799, Pope Leo III had been bullied by the Romans, who tried to put out his eyes and tear out his tongue. Leo escaped and fled to Charlemagne at Paderborn. Charlemagne, advised by scholar Alcuin, travelled to Rome, in November 800 and held a council on 1 December. On 23 December, Leo swore an oath of innocence. At Mass, on Christmas Day (25 December),

title: Sacré Charlemagne

text: Sacré Charlemagne "Sacré Charlemagne" is a song by France Gall. It was released in 1964 as a single, on an EP, and on an album, credited to "France Gall et ses petits amis". According to the charts U.S. "Billboard" published in its "Hits of the World" section, the song reached no. 1 in France. The song is about medieval emperor Charlemagne, traditionally seen as the "inventor of school", since education became mandatory for all children during his reign. Because of this the narrator of the song blames Charlemagne for having to go to school. The song was France Gall's first

title: Charlemagne Péralte

text: in Haiti and in the Dominican Republic. Name on birth certificate: François Borgia Charlemagne Peralte Date of birth on birth certificate: 10 October 1885 His father was General Remi Massena Peralte. Source for correction: "1885–1985, Un Centenaire; Charlemagne Peralte,", Georges Michel. Privately published in Port-au-Prince, 1989. Footnote, p. 19. Cites research of Roger Gaillard concerning birth and baptismal certificates in "Premiere Ecrasement du Cacoism", Port-au-Prince:Le Natal, 1981. Also appears in Douglas Henry Daniels's English translation of Michel's book,"Charlemagne Peralte and the First American Occupation." Dubuque, Iowa: Kendall/Hunt Publishing CO., 1996. An officer by career, Charlemagne Péralte was the military chief

title: Charlemagne Tower Jr.

text: in Overbrook, outside of Philadelphia. On February 9, 1923 he entered the Pennsylvania Hospital in Philadelphia. Charlemagne Tower Jr. died February 24, 1923. The cause of death was pneumonia. He was buried in Waterville Cemetery in Waterville, NY. "This article integrates text in the public domain taken from the following two sources:" Charlemagne Tower Jr. Charlemagne Tower Jr. (April 17, 1848February 24, 1923) was an American businessman, scholar, and diplomat. Charlemagne Tower was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on April 17, 1848 to Charlemagne Tower Sr. and Amelia Malvina (Bartle) Tower. He was the first of seven children and his sister,

title: Lycée Charlemagne

text: Lycée Charlemagne The Lycée Charlemagne is located in the Marais quarter of the 4th arrondissement of Paris, the capital city of France. Constructed many centuries before it became a lycée, the building originally served as the home of the Order of the Jesuits. The lycée itself was founded by Napoléon Bonaparte and celebrated its bicentennial in 2004. The lycée is directly connected to the Collège Charlemagne (formerly known as "le petit lycée") which is located directly across from it, on the Rue Charlemagne. Also the lycée offers two-year courses preparing students for entry to the Grandes écoles, divided into seven

title: Manno Charlemagne

text: a livelihood, as by his Catholic school choir. Raised by his aunt, he did not know who is father was until he was 37 years old. In 1986, after the fall of the Duvalier dictatorship, Charlemagne organized a youth group and choir in his old neighborhood, Carrefour. For a brief time following Bertrand Aristide's landslide victory on 16 December 1990, Charlemagne found himself in the role of a government booster. He served as an unofficial minister in the Aristide cabinet, an assignment that ended abruptly nine months later, when a military junta overthrew Haiti's first freely elected president. On 11

title: Charlemagne Péralte

text: Charlemagne Péralte Charlemagne Masséna Péralte (1886 - 1 November 1919) was a Haitian nationalist leader who opposed the US Invasion of his country in 1915. Leading guerrilla fighters called the Cacos, he posed such a challenge to the US forces in Haiti that the occupying forces had to upgrade their presence in the country. Péralte remains a highly praised hero in both Haiti and the Dominican Republic. Born in 1886 in the central city of Hinche, Péralte was born into , (Péralte is a French version of the Spanish name Peralta). Péralte is revered on both sides of the island,

title: Charlemagne, Quebec

text:
of politician Camille Laurin. Sir Wilfrid Laurier School Board operates Anglophone public schools:

 Charlemagne, Quebec Charlemagne () is an off-island suburb of Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It is located on the north shore of the Rivière des Prairies, northeast of Montreal's downtown core. As of 2011, the population was 5,853. It is the birthplace of recording artist Céline Dion, who was the winner of the 1988 Eurovision Song Contest in Dublin, Ireland, representing Switzerland with her song, "Ne partez pas sans moi". The town council named one of its main streets after her without the recognition of a Quebec

title: Corton-Charlemagne

text: 2008, only of the "En Charlemagne" vineyard surface was in production for Charlemagne AOC, producing a total of 7 hectoliters (essentially three barrels worth of wine). Similarly, white wines made from lieu-dits primarily used for Corton AOC (approximately of Chardonnay producing around 88 hectoliters of wine) can be labeled as Corton-Charlemagne or as Corton blanc. Master of Wine Clive Coates describes the Chardonnay of Corton-Charlemagne as being slower to mature than Montrachet with well-made examples from favorable vintages needing at least 10 years of aging before they are drinking at their peak. Coates note that the wines from the Pernand-Vergelesses

title: French ship Charlemagne (1809)

text: French ship Charlemagne (1809) Charlemagne was a 74-gun ship of the line of the French Navy, part of the shorter "Borée" subtype. "Charlemagne" was the first ship of the line to be built in Antwerp according to the wishes of Napoléon, who wanted to expand the French Navy by exploiting shipyards in Belgium, the Netherlands and Italy. In 1807, she was stationned in Vlissingen under Commander Dupotet, in the squadron of Vice-Admiral Missiessy. She aided in the defence of Antwerp against the amphibious raid led by Chatham, and again during the Siege of Antwerp of 1814. After the Bourbon Restoration,

title: Charlemagne, le prince à cheval

text: before dying on 7 September 2010 and based primarily on the contemporary biography of Charlemagne written by Einhard, who knew Charlemagne personally. Charlemagne, le prince à cheval Charlemagne, le prince à cheval is a 1993 television miniseries about the life of Charlemagne. It consists of five episodes and covers the period from the death of his father, Pepin the Short in AD 768 until Charlemagne's corronation as the first Holy Roman Emperor on Christmas Day, AD 800. However, there is a minor chronological anachronism: in an earlier episode, we see Widukind, the king of the Saxons surrender and convert to

title: Charlemagne Péralte

text: and ended his career as a Brigadier General. In his late days, he constantly declined to comment on his exploits in Haiti, notably to Haitian journalist asking for interviews on the 100th anniversary of Péralte's birth, in 1986. Charlemagne Péralte Charlemagne Masséna Péralte (1886 - 1 November 1919) was a Haitian nationalist leader who opposed the US Invasion of his country in 1915. Leading guerrilla fighters called the Cacos, he posed such a challenge to the US forces in Haiti that the occupying forces had to upgrade their presence in the country. Péralte remains a highly praised hero in both

title: Testament of Charlemagne

text: Of course, the division of the empire among his sons is well documented. Turner, Samuel Epes (Translator), "Einhard: The Life of Charlemagne", Harper & Brothers, New York, 1880, reprinted by the University of Michigan Press in 1960 with a copyrighted forward by Sidney Painter Thorpe, Lewis G. M., "Two Lives of Charlemagne", Penguin, 1969 Testament of Charlemagne The Testament of Charlemagne was documented and witnessed in 811, the 43rd year of his reign. Charlemagne had intended to make a last will and testament in order to share his wealth with his daughters and the children of his concubines (his sons

title: Charlemagne

text: which the lyrics blame the great king for imposing the burden of compulsory education on French children. Charlemagne is quoted by Dr Henry Jones, Sr. in "Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade". After using his umbrella to induce a flock of seagulls to smash through the glass cockpit of a pursuing German fighter plane, Henry Jones remarks, "I suddenly remembered my Charlemagne: 'Let my armies be the rocks and the trees and the birds in the sky. Despite the quote's popularity since the movie, there is no evidence that Charlemagne actually said this. "The Economist" features a weekly column entitled

title: Charlemagne

text: to the king of the Franks in return for military support. Seeing an opportunity to extend Christendom and his own power and believing the Saxons to be a fully conquered nation, Charlemagne agreed to go to Spain. In 778, he led the Neustrian army across the Western Pyrenees, while the Austrasians, Lombards, and Burgundians passed over the Eastern Pyrenees. The armies met at Saragossa and Charlemagne received the homage of the Muslim rulers, Sulayman al-Arabi and Kasmin ibn Yusuf, but the city did not fall for him. Indeed, Charlemagne faced the toughest battle of his career. The Muslims forced him

title: Corton-Charlemagne

text: level of 12% by volume. In 1998, the combined Corton-Charlemagne and Charlemagne grand cru contained that produced 2325 hectoliters of "Grand Cru" white wine. By 2008, those figured changed only slightly with of vineyard surface being in production within the AOC producing 2,237 hectoliter of wine, corresponding to just under 300,000 bottles. Out of the three Grand Cru AOCs that are make up the hill of Corton, the Charlemagne AOC is the least used of these, as the majority of growers have elected to use the Corton-Charlemagne AOC for white wines from vineyards that are entitled to both appellations. In

title: Charlemagne Tower Jr.

text: Charlemagne Tower Jr. Charlemagne Tower Jr. (April 17, 1848February 24, 1923) was an American businessman, scholar, and diplomat. Charlemagne Tower was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on April 17, 1848 to Charlemagne Tower Sr. and Amelia Malvina (Bartle) Tower. He was the first of seven children and his sister, Henrietta, was the last. He spent his childhood in Orwigsburg and Pottsville, Pennsylvania. In 1862 he entered a military academy in New Haven, Connecticut and transferred in 1865 to Phillips Exeter Academy in Exeter, New Hampshire. Tower entered Harvard University in 1868 and graduated in 1872. After graduating from Harvard, Tower returned

title: Adolf Charlemagne

text: Adolf Charlemagne Adolf Iosifovich Charlemagne, or Sharleman (Russian: Адольф Иосифович Шарлемань; 8 December 1826, Saint Petersburg - 31 January 1901, Saint Petersburg) was a Russian painter of historical, genre and battle scenes. He was also the creator of a popular design for playing cards known as the "Satin Deck". His father was the architect, . His grandfather, the sculptor and decorative artist, Jean-Baptiste Charlemagne-Baudet (1734-1789), was originally from Rouen and had come to Russia to work for Catherine the Great. His brother, Iosif, also became an artist and architect. He received his primary education at Saint Peter's School, then enrolled

title: Charlemagne Tower

text: to the Russian Empire. Charlemagne Tower Charlemagne Tower, (April 18, 1809 – July 25, 1889) was an American lawyer and businessman active in acquiring land in the Schuylkill Valley in Pennsylvania and serving as an officer for coal and railroad companies. He organized and led a company of Union soldiers from Pottsville in a 3-month enlistment during the American Civil War, when he was commissioned as captain. After the war, with sell-off of lands by the Northern Pacific Railroad, he acquired large tracts in the upper Midwest and Northwest. Charlemagne Tower was born on April 18, 1809 in Paris, Oneida

title: Charlemagne Tower

text: Charlemagne Tower Charlemagne Tower, (April 18, 1809 – July 25, 1889) was an American lawyer and businessman active in acquiring land in the Schuylkill Valley in Pennsylvania and serving as an officer for coal and railroad companies. He organized and led a company of Union soldiers from Pottsville in a 3-month enlistment during the American Civil War, when he was commissioned as captain. After the war, with sell-off of lands by the Northern Pacific Railroad, he acquired large tracts in the upper Midwest and Northwest. Charlemagne Tower was born on April 18, 1809 in Paris, Oneida County, New York, the

title: Manno Charlemagne

text: spread to his brain. 1978, "Manno et Marco", Marc Records Manno Charlemagne Joseph Emmanuel "Manno" Charlemagne (April 14, 1948 – December 10, 2017) was a Haitian political folk singer, songwriter and acoustic guitarist, political activist and politician. He recorded his political chansons in both French and in Creole. He lived abroad in exile twice, both during the 1980s and again during the years 1991–1994, when the country was ruled by a military "junta" led by Raoul Cédras. Charlemagne grew up in Carrefour, to the south of the capital of Port-au-Prince, where he was influenced as much by the songs of

title: Corton-Charlemagne

text: single Corton-Charlemagne wine. Among the owners of a 16 hectare section of Corton-Charlemagne that falls within the boundaries of the Aloxe is Hospices de Beaune and Maison Louis Latour while Bonneau du Martray owns a large part of the 19 hectare section along the Pernand-Vergelesses section with Domaine Comte Senard also having significant holdings. Corton-Charlemagne Corton-Charlemagne is an "Appellation d'origine contrôlée" (AOC) and Grand Cru vineyard for white wine in Côte de Beaune subregion of Burgundy. It is located in the communes of Aloxe-Corton, Pernand-Vergelesses and Ladoix-Serrigny with Chardonnay being the only permitted grape variety. Around 300,000 bottles of white

title: Crown of Charlemagne

text: France, he also called his own imperial crown the "Crown of Charlemagne". Crown of Charlemagne The Crown of Charlemagne was a name given to the ancient coronation crown of Kings of the Franks, and later Kings of France after 1237. It was probably created as a simple circlet of four curved rectangular jewelled plates for Charles the Bald, the grandson of Charlemagne, but later, four large jewelled fleur-de-lis were added to these four original plates, probably by Philip Augustus around 1180 and surmounted by a cap decorated with precious stones. At this time a similar but open crown, the one

title: Throne of Charlemagne

text: Throne of Charlemagne The Throne of Charlemagne ( or "Aachener Königsthron", "Royal Throne of Aachen") is a throne erected in the 790s by Charlemagne, as one of the fittings of his palatine chapel in Aachen (today's Aachen Cathedral) and placed in the Octagon of the church. Until 1531, it served as the coronation throne of the Kings of Germany, being used at a total of thirty-one coronations. As a result, especially in the eleventh century, it was referred to as the "totius regni archisolum" ("Archstool of the Whole Realm"). Charlemagne himself was not crowned on this throne. The throne is

title: Charlemagne: The Omens of Death

text: "full on" heavy metal, after performing a more symphonic metal style on his prior releases. He was the oldest heavy metal performer in history. He was joined on the single by tenor Vincent Ricciardi, who also appeared on "Charlemagne: By the Sword and the Cross". Charlemagne: The Omens of Death Charlemagne: The Omens of Death is the fourth and final album by actor and heavy metal singer Christopher Lee. It was released on 27 May 2013. It is a sequel to his album "" (2010). The music was arranged by Judas Priest's Richie Faulkner, and features prominent Guatemalan guitar virtuoso

title: Lycée Charlemagne

text: The ratings are determined by three criteria: the level of success, the proportion of students who obtained a Bachelor’s Degree having spent their last two years of school at the establishment, and the added value (calculated from the social background of students, their age and their results at national certificate). It also hosts preparatory classes for schools , namely two classes of MPSI , a class of HPIC for the first year, an MP, and a PC for the second year. In 2015, L'Étudiant gave the following ranking for competitions in 2014: Lycée Charlemagne The Lycée Charlemagne is located in

title: Lycée Charlemagne

text: classes: The school is associated with Charlemagne Middle School that is located just opposite it, on Rue Charlemagne, and is alongside the walls of Philippe Auguste, of which only the exterior cladding still exists. In 1580, The Cardinal de Bourbon bought the Duchess of Montmorency's Hotel of Rochepot and Damville. He gave it to the Jesuits, who demolished the main building located along the Rue Saint Antoine and replaced it with a chapel dedicated to St. Louis, in 1582. Between 1627 and 1647, the Jesuits built a building destined to become their home on the grounds of Philippe-Auguste. This home

title: Charlemagne Prize

text: Italian Prime Minister Alcide de Gasperi in 1952, the International Charlemagne Prize of the City of Aachen has repeatedly sent messages going far beyond Germany and promoting the "unity of Europe". The award sponsors assert that the list of Charlemagne Prize winners reflects the history of the European process of unification. They continue that it has been awarded to the founding fathers of the United Europe such as de Gasperi, Schuman, Monnet and Adenauer, and to those who have embodied hope for integration such as Edward Heath, Konstantin Karamanlis, and His Majesty Juan Carlos I. The sponsors promote that the

title: Bust of Charlemagne

text: opposite the king at coronations, who was spiritually affirmed in this way as a legitimate successor of Charlemagne. The use of ancient intaglios and cameos on the reliquary indicates the special significance of Ancient Rome to the Medieval imperial ideology - both Charlemagne and Charles IV saw their rule as part of that tradition. Recent historical research holds that it is very probable that Charles IV was crowned with the same crown which is worn by the reliquary - since the Imperial Crown was then in the possession of Charles' rival Louis IV. It is probable that the hoop with

title: The Charlemagne Pursuit

text: The Charlemagne Pursuit The Charlemagne Pursuit is Steve Berry's seventh novel, and is the fourth adventure for former U.S. Justice Department Operative turned Antiquarian book dealer, Cotton Malone. It was released on December 9, 2008. The story follows Cotton Malone in his attempt to find details of his father's death. His father, Forrest Malone, was a US Navy Officer who disappeared while on a mission on an experimental submarine in 1971. Also investigating the submarine's fate are the German twins, Cristl Falk and Dorothea Lindauer, whose father was on the same submarine. The search is complicated by Admiral Langford Ramsey,

title: Order of Charlemagne

text: in gratitude for helping him fight the Saracens. Since then, Charlemagne has been a national symbol for the principality. The Grand Master of the order is the Prime Minister of the Principality of Andorra, currently Antoni Martí. Grand Chancellor is the Minister of Culture, currently Olga Gelabert. The order is divided into four classes: Order of Charlemagne The Order of Charlemagne () is the only order and civil decoration issued by the Principality of Andorra. The Order of Charlemagne was created 7 December 2007 by the Minister of Culture Juli Minoves Triquell with the purpose to "reward the merits of

title: Sacré Charlemagne

text: major success, selling over 2 million copies. In addition to reaching #1 on the French music charts, the song also enjoyed international success, becoming a hit in Japan. Its popularity endures as French schoolchild's song. Sacré Charlemagne "Sacré Charlemagne" is a song by France Gall. It was released in 1964 as a single, on an EP, and on an album, credited to "France Gall et ses petits amis". According to the charts U.S. "Billboard" published in its "Hits of the World" section, the song reached no. 1 in France. The song is about medieval emperor Charlemagne, traditionally seen as the

title: The Charlemagne Pursuit

text: who attempts to hide his involvement with a second submarine, one that was sent to find Forest Malone and his crew. Stephanie Nelle, Malone's ex-boss, and Edwin Davis, the (Deputy National Security Advisor), become involved while searching for Charlie Smith, a killer hired by Ramsey to eradicate any links to him. The Charlemagne Pursuit The Charlemagne Pursuit is Steve Berry's seventh novel, and is the fourth adventure for former U.S. Justice Department Operative turned Antiquarian book dealer, Cotton Malone. It was released on December 9, 2008. The story follows Cotton Malone in his attempt to find details of his father's

title: Corton-Charlemagne

text: side tend to have a flinty note and be characterized by more austerity than those from the Aloxe-Corton side that can be slightly more firm and full-bodied. Wine writer Tom Stevenson describes Corton-Charlemagne as "the most sumptuous of all white Burgundies" with rich buttery and fruit flavors and notes of cinnamon, vanilla and honey. Like most Grand cru vineyards in Burgundy ownership of the vines on Corton-Charlemagne is spread out among several growers with some doing estate bottling while other selling their portion of the crop to "négociants" who combine it with the produce of other parcels to make a

title: Corton-Charlemagne

text: Saulieu. According to later legend, the vineyards are dedicated to white grape varieties because the emperor's wife preferred white wines as they did not stain his beard. The AOC was created in 1937. The vines are located on the higher ground of a hilltop that stretches between the Burgundian villages of Ladoix-Serrigny and Pernand-Vergelesses. The slopes planted with the most valuable vineyards face south-east on the hilltop, with the land gradually sloping downwards towards the major French highway Route 74. The red wine appellation of Corton covers the lower part of the hill with the areas for Corton and Corton-Charlemagne

title: Charlemagne

text: Arechis II of Benevento refused to submit and proclaimed independence. Charlemagne was then master of Italy as king of the Lombards. He left Italy with a garrison in Pavia and a few Frankish counts in place the same year. Instability continued in Italy. In 776, Dukes Hrodgaud of Friuli and Hildeprand of Spoleto rebelled. Charlemagne rushed back from Saxony and defeated the Duke of Friuli in battle; the Duke was slain. The Duke of Spoleto signed a treaty. Their co-conspirator, Arechis, was not subdued, and Adelchis, their candidate in Byzantium, never left that city. Northern Italy was now faithfully his.

title: Charlemagne

text: religion. Considered the greatest scholar of his day, he became the king's confidant and adviser. He brought his interest in libraries to the king's court. He was also a tutor to the king and his sons, teaching them liberal arts, theology and astrology. Charlemagne Charlemagne () or Charles the Great (, ; 2 April 742 – 28 January 814), numbered Charles I, was King of the Franks from 768, King of the Lombards from 774, and Holy Roman Emperor from 800. He united much of western and central Europe during the Early Middle Ages. He was the first recognised emperor

title: Charlemagne

text: won a major victory over them in 796. Pannonian Croat Duke Vojnomir of Pannonian Croatia aided Charlemagne, and the Franks made themselves overlords over the Croats of northern Dalmatia, Slavonia and Pannonia. The Frankish commander Eric of Friuli wanted to extend his dominion by conquering the Littoral Croat Duchy. During that time, Dalmatian Croatia was ruled by Duke Višeslav of Croatia. In the Battle of Trsat, the forces of Eric fled their positions and were routed by the forces of Višeslav. Eric was among those killed which was a great blow for the Carolingian Empire. Charlemagne also directed his attention

title: Charlemagne

text: the rights he had held. Bavaria was subdivided into Frankish counties, as had been done with Saxony. In 788, the Avars, an Asian nomadic group that had settled down in what is today Hungary (Einhard called them Huns), invaded Friuli and Bavaria. Charlemagne was preoccupied with other matters until 790 when he marched down the Danube and ravaged Avar territory to the Győr. A Lombard army under Pippin then marched into the Drava valley and ravaged Pannonia. The campaigns ended when the Saxons revolted again in 792. For the next two years, Charlemagne was occupied, along with the Slavs, against

title: Charlemagne

text: among the Slavic Serbs and Czechs. The remaining power confronting the Franks in the east were the Avars. However, Charlemagne acquired other Slavic areas, including Bohemia, Moravia, Austria and Croatia. In 789, Charlemagne turned to Bavaria. He claimed that Tassilo III, Duke of Bavaria was an unfit ruler, due to his oath-breaking. The charges were exaggerated, but Tassilo was deposed anyway and put in the monastery of Jumièges. In 794, Tassilo was made to renounce any claim to Bavaria for himself and his family (the Agilolfings) at the synod of Frankfurt; he formally handed over to the king all of

title: Charlemagne

text: In 787, Charlemagne directed his attention towards the Duchy of Benevento, where Arechis II was reigning independently with the self-given title of Princeps. Charlemagne's siege of Salerno forced Arechis into submission. However, after Arecchis II's death in 787, his son Grimoald III proclaimed the Duchy of Benevento newly independent. Grimoald was attacked many times by Charles' or his sons' armies, without achieving a definitive victory. Charlemagne lost interest and never again returned to Southern Italy where Grimoald was able to keep the Duchy free from Frankish suzerainty. During the first peace of any substantial length (780–782), Charles began to appoint

title: Charlemagne

text: the realm. Charlemagne instituted principles for accounting practice by means of the Capitulare de villis of 802, which laid down strict rules for the way in which incomes and expenses were to be recorded. Charlemagne applied this system to much of the European continent, and Offa's standard was voluntarily adopted by much of England. After Charlemagne's death, continental coinage degraded, and most of Europe resorted to using the continued high-quality English coin until about 1100. Early in Charlemagne's rule he tacitly allowed Jews to monopolise money lending. Then lending of money for interest was proscribed in 814 because it violated

title: Charlemagne

text: extensively by the Frankish military because they provided a quick, long-distance method of transporting troops, which was critical to building and maintaining the large empire. Charlemagne had an important role in determining Europe's immediate economic future. Pursuing his father's reforms, Charlemagne abolished the monetary system based on the gold . Instead, he and the Anglo-Saxon King Offa of Mercia took up Pippin's system for pragmatic reasons, notably a shortage of the metal. The gold shortage was a direct consequence of the conclusion of peace with Byzantium, which resulted in ceding Venice and Sicily to the East and losing their trade

title: Charlemagne

text: of Charlemagne, Christian Saxons and Slavs quickly crushed it. The last insurrection occurred in 804, more than thirty years after Charlemagne's first campaign against them, but also failed. According to Einhard: By 774, Charlemagne had invaded the Kingdom of Lombardy, and he later annexed the Lombardian territories and assumed its crown, placing the Papal States under Frankish protection. The Duchy of Spoleto south of Rome was acquired in 774, while in the central western parts of Europe, the Duchy of Bavaria was absorbed and the Bavarian policy continued of establishing tributary marches, (borders protected in return for tribute or taxes)

title: Charlemagne

text: Jutland peninsula, was Nordalbingia. In his first campaign, in 773, Charlemagne forced the Engrians to submit and cut down an Irminsul pillar near Paderborn. The campaign was cut short by his first expedition to Italy. He returned in 775, marching through Westphalia and conquering the Saxon fort at Sigiburg. He then crossed Engria, where he defeated the Saxons again. Finally, in Eastphalia, he defeated a Saxon force, and its leader Hessi converted to Christianity. Charlemagne returned through Westphalia, leaving encampments at Sigiburg and Eresburg, which had been important Saxon bastions. He then controlled Saxony with the exception of Nordalbingia, but

title: Charlemagne

text: "Charlemagne", focusing generally on European affairs and, more usually and specifically, on the European Union and its politics. Actor and singer Christopher Lee's symphonic metal concept album "" and its heavy metal follow-up "" feature the events of Charlemagne's life. A 2010 episode of "QI" discussed the mathematics completed by Mark Humphrys that calculated that all modern Europeans are highly likely to share Charlemagne as a common ancestor (see most recent common ancestor). In April 2014, on the occasion of the 1200th anniversary of Charlemagne's death, public art "Mein Karl" by Ottmar Hörl at Katschhof place was installed between city

title: Charlemagne

text: "Roland" fame—and his historical commander of the border with Brittany, Roland, and the 12 paladins. These are analogous to, and inspired the myth of, the Knights of the Round Table of King Arthur's court. Their tales constitute the first "chansons de geste". In the 12th century, Geoffrey of Monmouth based his stories of Arthur largely on stories of Charlemagne. During the Hundred Years War in the 14th century, there was considerable cultural conflict in England, where the Norman rulers were aware of their French roots and identified with Charlemagne, Anglo-Saxon natives felt more affinity for Arthur, whose own legends were

title: Charlemagne

text: like the common people. Charlemagne had residences across his kingdom, including numerous private estates that were governed in accordance with the Capitulare de villis. A 9th-century document detailing the inventory of an estate at Asnapium listed amounts of livestock, plants and vegetables and kitchenware including cauldrons, drinking cups, brass kettles and firewood. The manor contained seventeen houses built inside the courtyard for nobles and family members and was separated from its supporting villas. Charlemagne had eighteen children with eight of his ten known wives or concubines. Nonetheless, he had only four legitimate grandsons, the four sons of his fourth son,

title: Charlemagne

text: however, can be over-emphasised; efforts at taming Merovingian and Germanic influence had been underway before Alcuin arrived at Aachen. The new minuscule was disseminated first from Aachen and later from the influential scriptorium at Tours, where Alcuin retired as an abbot. Charlemagne engaged in many reforms of Frankish governance while continuing many traditional practices, such as the division of the kingdom among sons. In 806, Charlemagne first made provision for the traditional division of the empire on his death. For Charles the Younger he designated Austrasia and Neustria, Saxony, Burgundy and Thuringia. To Pippin, he gave Italy, Bavaria, and Swabia.

title: Charlemagne

text: Church law. Charlemagne introduced the "Capitulary for the Jews", a prohibition on Jews engaging in money-lending due to the religious convictions of the majority of his constituents, in essence banning it across the board, a reversal of his earlier recorded general policy. In addition to this broad change, Charlemagne also performed a significant number of microeconomic reforms, such as direct control of prices and levies on certain goods and commodities. His "Capitulary for the Jews", however, was not representative of his overall economic relationship or attitude towards the Frankish Jews, and certainly not his earlier relationship with them, which evolved

title: Charlemagne

text: when Charlemagne knelt at the altar to pray, the Pope crowned him "Imperator Romanorum" ("Emperor of the Romans") in Saint Peter's Basilica. In so doing, the Pope effectively nullified the legitimacy of Empress Irene of Constantinople:Charlemagne's coronation as Emperor, though intended to represent the continuation of the unbroken line of Emperors from Augustus to Constantine VI, had the effect of setting up two separate (and often opposing) Empires and two separate claims to imperial authority. For centuries to come, the Emperors of both West and East would make competing claims of sovereignty over the whole. Einhard says that Charlemagne was

title: Charlemagne

text: as did the French and German monarchies. However, the Eastern Orthodox Church views Charlemagne more controversially, labelling as heterodox his support of the filioque and the Pope's recognizing him as legitimate Roman Emperor rather than Irene of Athens of the Byzantine Empire. These and other machinations led to the eventual split of Rome and Constantinople in the Great Schism of 1054. Charlemagne died in 814, having ruled as emperor for almost 14 years. He was laid to rest in his imperial capital city of Aachen. He married at least four times and had three legitimate sons, but only his son

title: Talisman of Charlemagne

text: Talisman of Charlemagne The Talisman of Charlemagne is a 9th-century Carolingian reliquary encolpion that may once have belonged to Charlemagne and is purported to contain a fragment of the True Cross. It is the only surviving piece of goldwork which can be connected with Charlemagne himself with some degree of probability, but the connection has been seriously questioned. The talisman is now kept in Rheims in the Palace of Tau (inv.no. G 7). The 7.3 cm long medallion is one of the few surviving items of goldsmithery from the ninth century AD. It is not really a piece of religious

title: Sabre of Charlemagne

text: Sabre of Charlemagne The so-called Sabre of Charlemagne (German: "Säbel Karls des Großen") is an early sabre of Hungarian (Magyar) type (presumably made in the early 10th century) falsely reputed to have belonged to the ruler Charlemagne which has exceptionally been preserved (as opposed to recovered from the archaeological record) as part of the Aachen regalia of the Holy Roman Empire. Along with the rest of the imperial regalia from both Aachen and Nuremberg, it is now kept in the Hofburg Palace, Vienna. The Sabre of Charlemagne is not to be confused with a second weapon which is also ascribed

title: Bust of Charlemagne

text: Prize of Aachen Bust of Charlemagne The Bust of Charlemagne (de: "Karlsbüste") is a reliquary from around 1350 which is supposed to contain Charlemagne's skullcap. The reliquary is part of the treasure kept in the Aachen Cathedral Treasury. Made in the Mosan region, long a center of high-quality metalwork, the bust is a masterpiece both of late Gothic metalwork as well figural sculpture. The Bust of Charlemagne, as a masterpiece of Mosan goldwork, initiated a height of silver-gilt naturalistic reliquary busts. Created 500 years after the death of Charlemagne, the bust is an idealized representation, the facial structure, hair style

title: Diane Charlemagne

text: tracks "Dusty Fingers" and "Back To Basics" for the album "Back To Basics Chapter One" and then later on "Lost Orbit" and "Frozen" for the album "Back To Basics Chapter Two". She also worked with London Elektricity and S.P.Y on the track "I Am Somebody" for the Street Child World Cup. In 2015 she provided the backing vocals for Ricky Valance's single Welcome Home in aid to raise money for various RAF charities. After being diagnosed with kidney cancer the previous year, Charlemagne died of the disease on 28 October 2015, aged 51. Diane Charlemagne Diane Charlemagne (22 February 1964

title: Charlemagne

text: Lombard; Italians Peter of Pisa and Paulinus of Aquileia; and Franks Angilbert, Angilram, Einhard and Waldo of Reichenau. Charlemagne promoted the liberal arts at court, ordering that his children and grandchildren be well-educated, and even studying himself (in a time when even leaders who promoted education did not take time to learn themselves) under the tutelage of Peter of Pisa, from whom he learned grammar; Alcuin, with whom he studied rhetoric, dialectic (logic), and astronomy (he was particularly interested in the movements of the stars); and Einhard, who tutored him in arithmetic. His great scholarly failure, as Einhard relates, was

title: French battleship Charlemagne

text: d'Orient"). The ship remained there until she was ordered to Toulon in August 1917. "Charlemagne" was placed in reserve on 17 September and disarmed on 1 November. She was condemned on 21 June 1920 and later sold for scrap in 1923. French battleship Charlemagne Charlemagne was a pre-dreadnought battleship built for the French Navy in the mid-1890s, name ship of her class. She spent most of her career assigned to the Mediterranean Squadron ("escadre de la Méditerranée"). Twice she participated in the occupation of the port of Mytilene on the island of Lesbos, then owned by the Ottoman Empire, once