query: which part of korea is communist?

title: Communist Party of Korea

text: become its chairman from the onset of the Bureau. Moreover, official North Korean sources claim that the meeting was held on October 10. October 10 is regarded as the 'Party Foundation Day' in North Korea, on which Kim Il-sung formed the first genuine Marxist–Leninist party in the country. Official North Korean historians seek to downplay the role of early communist leaders like Pak Hon-yong. Official North Korean sources claim that the name of the Bureau was changed to 'Organizational Committee of the Communist Party of North Korea' (often simply referred to as the 'Communist Party of North Korea'). On July

title: Communist Party of Korea

text: On October 13, 1945 the "North Korea Bureau of the Communist Party of Korea" was established. Though technically under the control of the Seoul-based party leadership, the North Korean Bureau had little contact with Seoul and worked closely with the "Soviet Civilian Authority". The first chairman of the Bureau was Kim Yong-bom who had been sent to Korea by the Comintern in the 1930s to conduct underground activity. Kim Il-sung was a member of the Bureau at its founding and replaced Kim Yong-bom as chairman in December, 1945. Official North Korean historians later disputed this, claiming that Kim Il-sung had

title: Socialist Women's Union of Korea

text: Previous chairpersons include Kim Sung-ae, the wife of the country's former leader Kim Il-sung. The current chair, Pak Sun-hui, is the daughter of Pak Chong-ae, the league's first chairperson. The Union runs a publishing house that publishes a monthly magazine called "". The North Korean branch of the Union, the North Korea Democratic Women's League, was established on 18 November 1945 as part of an effort by the North Korea Bureau of the Communist Party of Korea to enroll as many people as possible as members of communist-controlled mass organizations in the northern part of the Korean Peninsula. It was

title: History of the Workers' Party of Korea

text: History of the Workers' Party of Korea The History of the Workers' Party of Korea (WPK) encompasses the period from 1949 onwards. According to North Korean sources, the origins of the Workers' Party of Korea can be traced to the Down-With-Imperialism Union, which was supposedly founded on October 17, 1926 and led by Kim Il-sung, then 14 years old. It is described in these sources as "the first genuine revolutionary communist organization in Korea." The Workers' Party of North Korea was formed on 29 August 1946 from a merger between the Communist Party of North Korea and the New Democratic

title: 5th Division (North Korea)

text: 5th Division (North Korea) The 5th Infantry Division was a military formation of the Korean People's Army during the 20th century. It was activated at Nanam, North Korea, during the early part of August 1949, composed of Korean veterans of the Chinese Communist 8th Route Army's 164th Division, which had been stationed in Changchun, China until July 1949. All non-Korean troops of the 164th CCF Division were transferred to other Chinese Communist organizations in July 1949 and in their place, the division began to receive Korean soldiers from various other units of the Chinese Communist Forces. During the latter part

title: Communist Party of Korea

text: Korea at the end of World War II as well as ethnic Koreans who were part of the large Korean community in the USSR and therefore Soviet citizens. Kim Il-sung became a prominent figure of the party in the northern areas. After his years as a guerilla leader, Kim Il-sung had moved to the Soviet Union (where historians believe his son Kim Jong-il was born in 1941) and had become a Captain in the Red Army. His battalion arrived in Pyongyang just as the Soviets were looking for a suitable person who could assume a leading role in North Korea.

title: Communism in Korea

text: was held on October 10. October 10 is regarded as the 'Party Foundation Day' in North Korea, on which Kim Il-sung formed the first genuine communist party in the country. Official North Korean historians tend to seek to downplay the role of early communist leaders like Pak Hon-yong. Official North Korean sources claim that the name of the Bureau was changed to 'Organizational Committee of the Communist Party of North Korea' (often simply referred to as the 'Communist Party of North Korea'). On July 22, 1946, the North Korea Bureau joined with the New People's Party, the Democratic Party and

title: Workers' Party of Korea

text: Committee (headquartered in Seoul and headed by Pak Hon-yong). Two months later, at the 3rd Plenum of the NKB, Kim Yong-bom was replaced by Kim Il-sung (an event probably orchestrated by the Soviet Union). In spring 1946 the North Korean Bureau became the Communist Party of North Korea, with Kim Il-sung its elected chairman. On 22 July 1946 Soviet authorities in North Korea established the United Democratic National Front, a popular front led by the Communist Party of North Korea. The Communist Party of North Korea soon merged with the New People's Party of Korea, a party primarily composed of

title: Workers' Party of North Korea

text: Workers' Party of North Korea The Workers' Party of North Korea () was a communist party in North Korea from 1946 to 1949 and was a predecessor of the current Workers' Party of Korea. It was founded at a congress on 28–30 August 1946, by the merger of the North Korean Branch Bureau of the Communist Party of Korea and the New People's Party of Korea. Kim Tu-bong, the leader of the New People's Party, was elected Chairman of the party. Vice Chairmen of the party were Chu Yong-ha and Kim Il-sung. At the time of establishment, the party is

title: Politics of North Korea

text: to see itself as part of a worldwide leftist movement. The Workers' Party maintains a relationship with other leftist parties, sending a delegation to the International Meeting of Communist and Workers' Parties. North Korea has a strong relationship with Cuba; in 2016, the North Korean government declared three days of mourning period for Fidel Castro's death. For much of its history, North Korean politics have been dominated by its adversarial relationship with South Korea. During the Cold War, North Korea aligned with the Soviet Union and the People's Republic of China. The North Korean government invested heavily in its military,

title: Workers' Party of Korea

text: its 2nd Congress. While Kim Tu-bong was still the party's formal head, Kim Il-sung presented the main report to the congress. In it he claimed that North Korea was "a base of democracy", in contrast to South Korea (which was, he believed, dictatorial). On 28 April 1948 a special session of the Supreme People's Assembly approved the constitution (proposed and written by WPNK cadres), which led to the official establishment of an independent North Korea. It did not call for the establishment of an independent North Korea, but for a unified (communist) Korea; the capital of the Democratic People's Republic

title: Communist Party of Korea

text: 22, 1946, the North Korea Bureau joined with the New People's Party of Korea, the Democratic Party and the Chondoist Chongu Party (supporters of an influential religious movement) to form the North Korean Fatherland United Democratic Front. On July 29, 1946 the New People's Party and the North Korea Bureau held a joint plenum of the Central Committees of both parties and agreed to merge into a single entity. A founding conference of the Workers' Party of North Korea was held on August 28–30. The remainder of the party, still functioning in the southern areas, worked under the name of

title: History of the Workers' Party of Korea

text: Party of Korea. On June 30, 1949, the Workers Party of North Korea and the Workers' Party of South Korea merged, forming the Workers' Party of Korea, at a congress in Pyongyang. Both parties traced their origins to the Communist Party of Korea. Kim Il-sung of the Workers Party of North Korea became the party Chairman and Pak Hon-yong, who had been leader of the Workers Party of South Korea as well as the earlier Communist Party of Korea, and Alexei Ivanovich Hegay becoming deputy chairmen. There were a total of ten members of the first DPRK Politiburo. The other

title: New People's Party of Korea

text: Korea. The new party had a membership of more than 170,000 with 134,000 coming from the Communist Party and 35,000 from the New People's Party. Similarly, on 23 November 1946, the southern members of the New People's Party, the remaining southern portion of the Communist Party and a fraction of the People's Party of Korea (the so-called 'forty-eighters') merged to form the Workers' Party of South Korea led by Pak Hon-yong. On 30 June 1949 the Workers' Party of North Korea and Workers' Party of South Korea merged to form the Workers' Party of Korea. New People's Party of Korea

title: History of Korea

text: 1954 Geneva conference failed to adopt a solution for a unified Korea. Beginning with Syngman Rhee, a series of autocratic governments took power in South Korea with American support and influence. The country eventually transitioned to become a market-oriented democracy in 1987 largely due to popular demand for reform, and its economy rapidly grew and became a developed economy by the 2000s. Due to Soviet Influence, North Korea established a communist government with a hereditary succession of leadership, with ties to China and the Soviet Union. Kim Il-sung became the supreme leader until his death in 1994, after which his

title: North Korea

text: the two from a flood. As a result of its isolation, North Korea is sometimes known as the "hermit kingdom", a term that originally referred to the isolationism in the latter part of the Joseon Dynasty. Initially, North Korea had diplomatic ties with only other communist countries, and even today, most of the foreign embassies accredited to North Korea are located in Beijing rather than in Pyongyang. In the 1960s and 1970s, it pursued an independent foreign policy, established relations with many developing countries, and joined the Non-Aligned Movement. In the late 1980s and the 1990s its foreign policy was

title: Communism in Korea

text: Communism in Korea The Communist movement in Korea emerged as a political movement in the early 20th century. Although the movement had a minor role in pre-war politics, the division between the communist North Korea and the anti-communist South Korea came to dominate Korean political life in the post-World War II era. North Korea, officially the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, continues to be a Juche "socialist" state under the rule of the Workers' Party of Korea. In South Korea, communism remains illegal through the National Security Law. Due to end of economic aid from Soviet Union after its dissolution

title: Communist Party of China

text: considers the WPK and North Korea to be negative examples of a communist ruling party and socialist state. There is a considerable degree of interest in Cuba within the CPC. Fidel Castro, the former First Secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba (PCC), is greatly admired, and books have been written focusing on the successes of the Cuban Revolution. Communication between the CPC and the PCC has increased considerably since the 1990s, hardly a month going by without a diplomatic exchange. At the 4th Plenary Session of the 16th Central Committee, which discussed the possibility of the CPC learning from

title: Workers' Party of Korea

text: the state would still exist if the Soviet Union reached the communist mode of production if the socialist world was encircled by capitalist forces. Kim Il-sung took this position to its logical conclusion, arguing that the state would exist after North Korea reached the communist mode of production until a future world revolution. As long as capitalism survived, even if the socialist world predominated, North Korea could still be threatened by the restoration of capitalism. The revival of the term "state" in the Soviet Union under Stalin led to the revival of "nation" in North Korea under Kim Il-sung. Despite

title: Communist Party of the Russian Federation

text: a member of it. The party also has friendly relations with the Communist Party of China. On 24 March 2017, the party sent a delegation to North Korea and signed a "protocol on cooperation" with the Workers' Party of Korea. During the visit, a stone was placed in the Juche Tower. In October 2017 the party hosted the 19th International Meeting of Communist and Workers Parties in the city of Saint Petersburg, marking the centenary of the October Revolution, with an attendance of over 100 parties from around the globe. "Pravda" is the newspaper of the Communist Party, it has

title: National symbols of North Korea

text: of Kim Jong-il. Tangun, who is considered the founder-king of the Korean nation, is also said to be born at Mount Paektu and is celebrated in North Korea especially. In 1993 North Korean archaeologists located and dated remains in a tomb that they declared Tangun's grave. National symbols of North Korea Upon its liberation in 1945 and subsequent foundation in 1948, North Korea adopted national symbols distinct from the national symbols of South Korea. The traditional flag of Korea, the Taegukgi, and the symbol Taeguk, were swapped for communist symbols. Some of the symbols of North Korea – the national

title: Flag of North Korea

text: Demilitarized Zone. The flag-pole is tall. There are several other known flags to be in use in North Korea by its regime. There are flags for the Korean People's Army (KPA), and its two subdivisions the Korean People's Air Force and Korean People's Navy, which follow a common design but with different colors (blue and white for the North Korean navy and dark blue and light blue for the North Korean air force). There is also a flag of the ruling Workers' Party of Korea, modelled after similar communist party flags, and a flag for the Supreme Commander of the

title: North Korea–Russia relations

text: North Korea–Russia relations Diplomatic relations between North Korea (Democratic People's Republic of Korea, DPRK) and the Soviet Union (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, USSR, the predecessor state to the Russian Federation) were first established on October 12, 1948 shortly after the Democratic People's Republic of Korea was proclaimed. During the Korean War, the Korean People's Army was supported by the Soviet military forces. North Korea was founded as part of the Communist bloc, and received major Russian support. China and the Soviet Union competed for influence in North Korea during the Sino-Soviet split in the 1960s, as the North Korea

title: Communist state

text: Soviet Army occupied much of Eastern Europe and thus helped establish Communist states in these countries. Most Communist states in Eastern Europe were allied with the Soviet Union, except for Yugoslavia which declared itself non-aligned. In 1949, after a war against Japanese occupation and a civil war resulting in a Communist victory, the People's Republic of China (PRC) was established. Communist states were also established in Cambodia, Cuba, Laos and Vietnam. A Communist state was established in North Korea, although it later adopted its own ideology called Juche. In 1989, the Communist states in Eastern Europe collapsed under public pressure

title: New Communist Party of Yugoslavia

text: New Communist Party of Yugoslavia The New Communist Party of Yugoslavia () is a communist party in Serbia The NKPJ was formed in 1990. Its General Secretary is , a writer and a translator. The party has a youth section, the League of Yugoslav Communist Youth (SKOJ) formed in 1992. The NKPJ follows the theories of Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels, Vladimir Lenin and Joseph Stalin and considers Cuba and North Korea to be socialist states while considering Laos, China, and Vietnam to have socialist leanings. The NKPJ is strongly against Titoism but is of the opinion that Tito's Yugoslavia was

title: History of South Korea

text: proclaimed the Republic of Korea (South Korea) on August 15, 1948. On August 15, 1948, the Republic of Korea was formally established, with Rhee Syngman as the first president. With the establishment of Rhee's government, de jure sovereignty also passed into the new government. On September 9, 1948, a communist regime, the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea), was proclaimed under Kim Il-sung. However, on December 12, 1948, by its resolution 195 in the Third General Assembly, the United Nations recognized the Republic of Korea as the sole legal government of Korea. In 1946, the North implemented land reforms

title: National symbols of North Korea

text: National symbols of North Korea Upon its liberation in 1945 and subsequent foundation in 1948, North Korea adopted national symbols distinct from the national symbols of South Korea. The traditional flag of Korea, the Taegukgi, and the symbol Taeguk, were swapped for communist symbols. Some of the symbols of North Korea – the national emblem, flag, anthem and capital – are defined in the constitution of North Korea, while others such, as the national sport "Ssirŭm" or the national dish kimchi, are traditional. Some traditional symbols are shared with the South but with different connotations. Mount Paektu, for instance, is

title: New Communist Party of Yugoslavia

text: parties urging for boycott of the elections and claiming they were illegal. New Communist Party of Yugoslavia The New Communist Party of Yugoslavia () is a communist party in Serbia The NKPJ was formed in 1990. Its General Secretary is , a writer and a translator. The party has a youth section, the League of Yugoslav Communist Youth (SKOJ) formed in 1992. The NKPJ follows the theories of Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels, Vladimir Lenin and Joseph Stalin and considers Cuba and North Korea to be socialist states while considering Laos, China, and Vietnam to have socialist leanings. The NKPJ is

title: Geography of North Korea

text: the extreme northeastern part of the peninsula, has many high peaks, including Kwanmobong at approximately . Other major ranges include the Rangrim Mountains, which are located in the north-central part of North Korea and run in a north-south direction, making communication between the eastern and western parts of the country rather difficult; and the Kangnam Range, which runs along the North Korea–China border. Geumgangsan, often written Mt Kumgang, or Diamond Mountain, (approximately ) in the Taebaek Range, which extends into South Korea, is famous for its scenic beauty. For the most part, the plains are small. The most extensive are

title: History of Korea

text: northern area (protected by the Soviets) and a southern area protected (primarily by the United States). In 1948, when the powers failed to agree on the formation of a single government, this partition became the modern states of North and South Korea. The peninsula was divided at the 38th Parallel: the "Republic of Korea" was created in the south, with the backing of the US and Western Europe, and the "Democratic People's Republic of Korea" in the north, with the backing of the Soviets and the communist People's Republic of China. The new premier of North Korea, Kim il-Sung, launched

title: Communist Party of Australia

text: CPA should immediately contest for leadership of the working class with the Australian Labor Party, the CPA launched an industrial offensive in 1947, culminating in a prolonged strike in the coalmines in 1949. The Chifley Labor government saw this as a communist challenge to its position in the labour movement, and used the army and strikebreakers to break the strike. The Communist Party never again held such a strong position in the union movement. In 1949 the USSR detonated its first atomic bomb and Mao Zedong won power in China. A year later North Korea invaded South Korea and in

title: North Korea International Documentation Project

text: North Korea International Documentation Project The North Korea International Documentation Project (NKIDP) is part of the History and Public Policy Program at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars. It seeks to serve as an informational clearinghouse on North Korea for both the scholarly and policy making communities by widely disseminating newly declassified documents on the DPRK from its former communist allies as well as other resources that provide valuable insight into the actions and nature of the North Korean state. The NKIDP has obtained and published documents on the history of North Korea from archives in the former Soviet

title: History of North Korea

text: History of North Korea The history of North Korea began with the partition of Korea at the end of World War II in September 1945. The surrender of Japan led to the division of Korea into two occupation zones, with the United States administering the southern half of the peninsula and the Soviet Union administering the area north of the 38th parallel. The Soviets and Americans were unable to agree on the implementation of a joint government over Korea. This led, in 1948, to the establishment of two separate governments – the Communist-aligned Democratic People's Republic of Korea and the

title: History of North Korea

title: Catholic Church in North Korea

text: book in 1991. Catholic Church in North Korea The Catholic Church in North Korea is not officially part of the worldwide Catholic Church or under the spiritual leadership of the Pope in Rome. It allegedly does not belong to the Roman Rite of the Catholic Church. The church is administered by the Korean Catholic Association (KCA), created by the Communist government in June 1988 as a means of control over Catholic life. The remaining Catholic churches are inactive. According to reports from within North Korea, courtesy of the KCA, there are approximately 3000 Catholics in the country. However, experts from

title: Catholic Church in North Korea

text: Catholic Church in North Korea The Catholic Church in North Korea is not officially part of the worldwide Catholic Church or under the spiritual leadership of the Pope in Rome. It allegedly does not belong to the Roman Rite of the Catholic Church. The church is administered by the Korean Catholic Association (KCA), created by the Communist government in June 1988 as a means of control over Catholic life. The remaining Catholic churches are inactive. According to reports from within North Korea, courtesy of the KCA, there are approximately 3000 Catholics in the country. However, experts from other countries place

title: Tanks of South Korea

text: each with its own ideology, leading to Korea's division into two political entities in 1948: North Korea and South Korea. In the North, a former anti-Japanese guerrilla and communist activist, Kim Il-sung gained power through Soviet support. In the South, elections supervised by the United Nations were held, a Republic of Korea was declared, and Syngman Rhee inaugurated as its first president. In December, the UN General Assembly declared this "a lawful government" and "the only such government in Korea." The United States engaged in the decolonization of Korea (mainly in the South, with the Soviet Union engaged in North

title: Communism in Korea

text: end of World War II as well as ethnic Koreans who were part of the large Korean community in the USSR. Kim Il-sung became a prominent figure of the party in the northern areas. After his years as a guerrilla leader, Kim Il-sung had moved to the Soviet Union and had become a Captain in the Red Army. His battalion arrived in Pyongyang just as the Soviets were looking for a suitable person who could assume a leading role in North Korea. On October 13, 1945, the "North Korea Bureau of the Communist Party of Korea" was established. Though technically

title: North Korea

text: involved. A heavily guarded demilitarized zone (DMZ) still divides the peninsula, and an anti-communist and anti-North Korea sentiment remains in South Korea. Since the war, the United States has maintained a strong military presence in the South which is depicted by the North Korean government as an imperialist occupation force. It claims that the Korean War was caused by the United States and South Korea. The relative peace between the South and the North following the armistice was interrupted by border skirmishes, celebrity abductions, and assassination attempts. The North failed in several assassination attempts on South Korean leaders, such as

title: 6th Congress of the Workers' Party of Korea

text: divine right. While North Korea had already begun to move from a foreign policy based upon proletarian internationalism at the Conference of Party Representatives in 1966, the WPK leadership had never explicitly broken with proletarian internationalism as it did at the 6th Congress. In theory, a communist party supports policy contributing to the world revolution. Communist regimes rarely lived up to this ideal; by the 1950s, ideological schisms within the world communist movement made it all but impossible. From 1966 onwards, North Korea strengthened relations with neutral countries in the global Cold War. Proletarian internationalism was replaced with a national,

title: Emblem of North Korea

text: carries positive connotations. In the late 1940s, the North produced most of the electricity in the country. The dam symbolizes self-sufficiency in electricity: in the spring of 1948 shortly before the hydroelectric plant was added to the emblem, North Korea cut off her power network from the South. The emblem, and all of its predecessors, follows the basic socialist heraldic design that was adopted in many other countries including, which clearly indicates the relations between the communist ideology and the foundation of the country at the onset of the Cold War. Emblem of North Korea The National Emblem of the

title: History of North Korea

text: People's Republic of Korea (DPRK) was proclaimed on September 9, with Kim as Premier. On December 12, 1948, the United Nations General Assembly accepted the report of UNTCOK and declared the Republic of Korea to be the "only lawful government in Korea". By 1949, North Korea was a full-fledged Communist state. All parties and mass organizations joined the Democratic Front for the Reunification of the Fatherland, ostensibly a popular front but in reality dominated by the Communists. The government moved rapidly to establish a political system that was partly styled on the Soviet system, with political power monopolised by the

title: Geography of South Korea

text: Han River, which flows through Seoul, is 514 kilometers long, and the Geum River is 401 kilometers long. Other major rivers include the Imjin, which flows through both North Korea and South Korea and forms an estuary with the Han River; the Bukhan, a tributary of the Han that also flows out of North Korea; and the Somjin. The major rivers flow north to south or east to west and empty into the Yellow Sea or the Korea Strait. They tend to be broad and shallow and to have wide seasonal variations in water flow. In the early part of

title: 1st Congress of the Workers' Party of North Korea

text: Song-su, a member of the Soviet-Korean faction, proposed the merger of "Chongno" ("Correct Path") and "Chonjin" ("Forward"), the newspapers of the Communist Party of North Korea and the New People's Party respectively, and the creation of "Rodong Sinmun" ("Workers' Daily"), as the WPNK's main newspaper. The proposal was approved by the congress. The last speech was given by Choe Chang-ik from the Workers' Party of South Korea (WPSK). He talked about the situation for the South Korean communist movement, the establishment of the WPSK, and the WPSK's decision to expel six dissident elements who had opposed the Communist Party of

title: Communist state

text: numerous state-sponsored social organizations (trade unions, youth organizations, women's organizations, associations of teachers, writers, journalists and other professionals, consumer cooperatives, sports clubs and so on) which are integrated into the political system. In Communist states, the social organizations are expected to promote social unity and cohesion, to serve as a link between the government and society and to provide a forum for recruitment of new Communist party members. Historically, the political organization of many socialist states has been dominated by a one-party monopoly. Some Communist governments, such as North Korea, East Germany or Czechoslovakia, have or had more than one

title: Hwanghae Province (Republic of Korea)

text: Hwanghae Province (Republic of Korea) "Hwanghae Province" or "Hwanghae-do" () is, according to South Korean law, a province of the Republic of Korea, as the South Korean government formally claims to be the legitimate government of whole of Korea. The area constituting the province is under the "de facto" jurisdiction of North Korea. As South Korea does not recognize changes in administrative divisions made by North Korea, official maps of the South Korean government shows Hwanghae Province in its pre-1945 borders. The area corresponds to North Korea's North Hwanghae Province (except Kaesong which is claimed to be part of Gyeonggi

title: Workers' Party of Korea

text: agricultural cooperatives decreased. The WPK maintains a leftist image and normally sends a delegation to the International Meeting of Communist and Workers' Parties, where it some support; its 2011 resolution, "Let us jointly commemorate the Birth Centenary of the Great Leader comrade President Kim Il Sung as a Grand Political Festival of the World’s Humankind", was signed by 30 of the 79 attending parties. The WPK also sees itself as part of the worldwide leftist and socialist movement; during the Cold War, the WPK and North Korea had a policy of "exporting revolution", aiding leftist guerrillas worldwide. However, others argue

title: Workers' Party of Korea

text: familial succession and the appointment of family members to high office, the Kim family has been called a dynasty and a royal family. Suh Dae-sook, the author of "Kim Il Sung: The North Korean Leader", notes that "What he [Kim Il-sung] has built in the North however, resembles more a political system to accommodate his personal rule than a communist or socialist state in Korea. It is not the political system he built that will survive him; it is his son [Kim Jong-il], whom he has designated heir, who will succeed his reign." The ruling Kim family in North Korea

title: Women in North Korea

text: later influence and encourage North Korean communist activities. It aided in the spread of communist ideals and made it easier to educate and rally the people around communism. Women were also more involved in the public sphere – a continuation of the changes made during the colonial period. The social status and roles of women were radically changed after 1945. Before the Korean War of 1950–1953, the communist regime in North Korea began reordering traditional Korean society to reflect the ideal communist society. The communist regime in North Korea granted women positions of importance and agency in their communities in

title: Criticism of communist party rule

text: In the case of North Korea, the personality cult of Kim Il-sung was associated with inherited leadership, with the succession of Kim's son Kim Jong-il in 1994 and grandson Kim Jong-un in 2011. Cuban communists have also been criticized for planning an inherited leadership, with the succession of Raúl Castro following his brother's illness in mid-2006. In the literature on communist rule, many anticommunists have asserted that communist regimes tend to impose harsh restrictions on the freedom of movement. These restrictions, they argue, are meant to stem the possibility of mass emigration, which threatens to offer evidence pointing to widespread

title: New People's Party of Korea

text: Party and the Party of Young Friends of the Celestial Way (supporters of an influential religious sect) to form the United Democratic National Front which put all of North Korea's parties under the "leading role" of the Communists. Then, on 29 July 1946, the northern members of the New People's Party and the North Korea Bureau of the Communist Party of Korea held a joint plenum of the Central Committees of both parties and agreed to merge into a single entity. A founding conference was held on 28–30 August, where the united party adopted the name Workers' Party of North

title: Economy of North Korea

text: but only 31% of light industry, 37% of agriculture, and 18% of the peninsula's total commerce. North and South Korea both suffered from the massive destruction caused during the Korean War. Historian Charles K. Armstrong stated that "North Korea had been virtually destroyed as an industrial society". In the years immediately after the war, North Korea mobilized its labour force and natural resources in an effort to achieve rapid economic development. Large amounts of aid from other communist countries, notably the Soviet Union and the People's Republic of China, helped the country achieve a high growth-rate in the immediate postwar

title: Names of Korea

text: used. In Hokkien speaking areas of chinese communities in countries like Taiwan and around Southeast Asia, Korea is called "Hân-kok" ( "Hanguk") where North Korea is referred to as "Pak-hân" ( "North Han") and South Korea as "Lâm-hân" ( "South Han"). The above usage pattern does not apply for Korea-derived words. For example, Korean ginseng is commonly called "Gāolì shēn" (). In Japan, North Korea is called "Kita-Chōsen" (; "North Chosŏn") and South Korea "Kankoku" ( "Hanguk"). However, Japan-based North Koreans claim the name "Kita-Chōsen" is derogatory, as it only refers to the northern part of Korean Peninsula, whereas the

title: Human rights in South Korea

text: into power. The Burim Case in the 1981, saw innocent individuals, who were part of a book club, arbitrary arrested and severely tortured into making a false confession that they were reading "communist literature." Every citizen over the age of 19 has the right to vote. Official censorship is not in place. The National Security Law makes it a crime to express sympathies with North Korea, and though it is not consistently enforced, there are over 100 people imprisoned under it annually. A play about the Yodok political prison camp in North Korea has come under significant pressure from authorities

title: Workers' Party of North Korea

text: these organizations had preceded the foundation of the party in August 1946. The party also managed a Consumers' Cooperative Society. The party published "Rodong Sinmun" and "Kunroja". The decision to start these publications was taken at the first party congress. "Rodong Sinmun" was the mass newspaper of the party, whereas "Kunroja" was the theoretical magazine of the party. Both organs were later taken over by the Workers Party of Korea. Workers' Party of North Korea The Workers' Party of North Korea () was a communist party in North Korea from 1946 to 1949 and was a predecessor of the current

title: Communist Party of Great Britain (Marxist–Leninist)

text: by the SLP leader Arthur Scargill to accept support for North Korea and other states. As a result, Scargill chose to expel a number of members of the party's central committee and its entire Yorkshire region. Those expelled, along with others who resigned, formed the CPGB-ML. The party also has a small number of members from the early days of the British communist movement and the original Communist Party of Great Britain which was connected to the Third International. The CPGB-ML adheres to Marxism-Leninism, the same political theory adopted by the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. The CPGB-ML defends

title: Law of North Korea

text: civil laws do not bind the party. Law of North Korea The specific hierarchy of authority in North Korea is the words or personal directives of Kim Jong-un, followed by the Ten Principles for the Establishment of a Monolithic Ideological System, WPK directives —particularly the policy guidance of the WPK Secretariat’s Organization and Guidance Department, the WPK Charter and domestic civil laws, and finally the North Korean Constitution. The WPK, while maintaining the dominant political role within the North Korean party-state, came to serve the leader in primacy above all other political entities. As in other communist political systems, the

title: Law of North Korea

text: Law of North Korea The specific hierarchy of authority in North Korea is the words or personal directives of Kim Jong-un, followed by the Ten Principles for the Establishment of a Monolithic Ideological System, WPK directives —particularly the policy guidance of the WPK Secretariat’s Organization and Guidance Department, the WPK Charter and domestic civil laws, and finally the North Korean Constitution. The WPK, while maintaining the dominant political role within the North Korean party-state, came to serve the leader in primacy above all other political entities. As in other communist political systems, the state and society serve the party, and

title: Communist symbolism

text: Communist symbolism Communist symbolism represents a variety of themes, including revolution, the proletariat, peasantry, agriculture, or international solidarity. Communist states, parties and movements use these symbols to advance and create solidarity within their cause. These symbols often appear in yellow and red. The flag of the Soviet Union incorporated a yellow-outlined red star and a yellow hammer and sickle on red. The flags of Vietnam, China, North Korea, Angola and Mozambique would all incorporate similar symbolism under communist rule. The hammer and sickle have become the pan-communist symbol, appearing on the flags of most communist parties around the world. However,

title: Communist Party of Korea

text: Communist Party of South Korea. The party merged with the southern remainder of the New People's Party and a faction of the People's Party of Korea (the so-called "forty-eighters"), founding the Workers' Party of South Korea on November 23, 1946. Communist Party of Korea The Communist Party of Korea () was a communist party in Korea. It was founded during a secret meeting in Seoul in 1925. The Governor-General of Korea had banned communist parties under the Peace Preservation Law (see History of Korea), so the party had to operate in a clandestine manner. The leaders of the party were

title: Communist Party of Korea

text: Communist Party of Korea The Communist Party of Korea () was a communist party in Korea. It was founded during a secret meeting in Seoul in 1925. The Governor-General of Korea had banned communist parties under the Peace Preservation Law (see History of Korea), so the party had to operate in a clandestine manner. The leaders of the party were Kim Yong-bom and Pak Hon-yong. The party became the Korean section of the Communist International at the 6th congress of the international in August–September 1928. But after only a few months as the Korean Comintern section, the perpetual feuds between

title: Communist Party of Korea

text: different in the two zones. In the South, the party leader Pak Hon-yong, who had been a resistance fighter, and became active in Seoul upon his release in 1945. He reorganized a Central Committee, of which he became the Secretary. Being based in Seoul, he had limited contact with the Soviet occupation forces in the north. The Soviet Red Army liberated northern Korea in August 1945. Most members of the Communist Party of Korea were in southern Korea and there were very few Communist cadres in the north. The Soviets began to rely largely on exiled communists who returned to

title: Communist Party of Korea

text: rival factions that had plagued the party from its foundation led the Comintern to disband the Communist Party of Korea in December the same year. However, the party continued to exist through various party cells. Some communists, like Kim Il-sung went into exile in China, where they joined the Communist Party of China. In the early 1930s Korean and Chinese communists began guerrilla activity against the Japanese forces. After liberation in 1945, the situation for the Korean communists changed considerably. The country was divided into United States and Soviet occupation zones, and the working conditions for the party were very

title: South Korea

text: the North, however, a former anti-Japanese guerrilla and communist activist, Kim Il-sung was appointed premier of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea in September. In October the Soviet Union declared Kim Il-sung's government as sovereign over both parts. The UN declared Rhee's government as "a lawful government having effective control and jurisdiction over that part of Korea where the UN Temporary Commission on Korea was able to observe and consult" and the Government "based on elections which was observed by the Temporary Commission" in addition to a statement that "this is the only such government in Korea." Both leaders began

title: Division of Korea

text: Britain would take part in a trusteeship over Korea for up to five years in the lead-up to independence. Many Koreans demanded independence immediately; however, the Korean Communist Party, which was closely aligned with the Soviet Communist party, supported the trusteeship. According to journalist Fyodor Tertitskiy, documentation from 1945 suggests the Soviet government had no plans for a permanent division. A Soviet-US Joint Commission met in 1946 and 1947 to work towards a unified administration, but failed to make progress due to increasing Cold War antagonism and to Korean opposition to the trusteeship. In 1946, the Soviet Union proposed Lyuh

title: New People's Party of Korea

text: New People's Party of Korea The New People's Party of Korea (; 朝鮮新民黨) was a communist party in Korea. It was formed on 16 February 1946 by Korean Communists who had been exiled in China, later known as the Yan'an faction. The New People's Party had more moderate positions in some issues compared with the Communist Party of Korea, therefore it was rather popular with a wide range of Korean people. The leader of the party was Kim Tu-bong. On 22 July 1946 the northern section of the Communist Party of Korea joined with the New People's Party, the Democratic

title: Workers' Party of South Korea

text: the party. Workers' Party of South Korea The Workers' Party of South Korea () was a communist party in South Korea from 1946 to 1949. It was founded on November 23, 1946 through the merger of the South Korean Branch Bureau of the Communist Party of Korea, New People's Party of Korea and a faction of the People's Party of Korea (the so-called 'forty-eighters'). It was led by Pak Hon-yong. The party was outlawed by the U.S. occupation authorities due to the party being an aggravating opposition to South Korea and the US, but the party organized a network of

title: Workers' Party of South Korea

text: Workers' Party of South Korea The Workers' Party of South Korea () was a communist party in South Korea from 1946 to 1949. It was founded on November 23, 1946 through the merger of the South Korean Branch Bureau of the Communist Party of Korea, New People's Party of Korea and a faction of the People's Party of Korea (the so-called 'forty-eighters'). It was led by Pak Hon-yong. The party was outlawed by the U.S. occupation authorities due to the party being an aggravating opposition to South Korea and the US, but the party organized a network of clandestine cells

title: Communist Party of Vietnam

text: theoretical and practical issues regarding socialist construction, party building and current problems. The CPV is active in international communist and workers party gatherings, such as the International Meeting of Communist and Workers' Parties. The CPV currently maintains relations with over 100 communist and workers' parties. The party has emphasized the importance of relations with the Lao People's Revolutionary Party and the Cambodian People's Party. It also maintains good relations with the Communist Party of China, the Communist Party of Cuba, and the Workers' Party of Korea. The CPV sent delegations to the 8th Congress of the Communist Party of the

title: Executive Committee of the Communist International

text: of the Russian Communist Party Angelica Balabanova, Ian Berzin, Nikolai Bukharin, V.V. Vorovsky, Grigorii Zinoviev, and G. Klinger, a number of radicals from around the world had at various time taken part in ECCI's activities. Among this group were László Rudas of Hungary, Jacques Sadoul of France, John Reed of the Communist Labor Party of America, John Anderson (Kristap Beika) of the Communist Party of America, S.J. Rutgers of the Netherlands, in addition to others from Korea, China, Norway, Sweden, Yugoslavia, Poland, and Finland. During this interval the Comintern, through ECCI and the permanent staff of the organization, began to

title: Government of North Korea

text: The Workers' Party of Korea is organized according to the Monolithic Ideological System and the Great Leader, a system and theory conceived by Kim Yong-ju and Kim Jong-il. The highest body of the WPK is formally the Congress, which last convened as the 7th Congress of the Workers' Party of Korea in May 2016. Although the WPK is (in theory) organizationally similar to communist parties, in practice it is far less institutionalized and informal politics plays a larger role than usual. Institutions such as the Central Committee, the Secretariat, the Central Military Commission (CMC), the Politburo and the Presidium have

title: 2nd Conference of the Workers' Party of Korea

text: 2nd Conference of the Workers' Party of Korea The 2nd Conference of the Workers Party of Korea was held in Pyongyang in October 1966. At the time the domestic and international situation of the Korean Worker's Party was complicated by the Sino-Soviet split, which had caused a rift among communist countries and parties. Kim Il-sung delivered the report "The Present Situation and the Tasks of Our Party" which emphasized unity between socialist countries and within the international communist movement, as well as directing the main blow to United States imperialism, particularly with regards to the Vietnam War. He also emphasized

title: Panthers Over Korea

text: 1953 James A. Michener novel upon which the movie was based, the main character flew an F2H Banshee. After failing to strengthen their cause in the free elections held in South Korea during May 1950 and the refusal of South Korea to hold new elections per North Korean demands, the communist North Korean Army assaulted the South on June 25, 1950. The conflict was then expanded by the United States and the Soviet Union's involvement as part of the larger Cold War. The Korean War was the first armed confrontation of the Cold War and set the standard for many

title: Communist Party of Germany (1990)

text: as did his wife Margot Honecker. The party is supportive of the North Korean ruling party and government. Communist Party of Germany (1990) The Communist Party of Germany (, abbreviated KPD) is a minor political party in Germany. It is one of several parties which claim the KPD name. It was founded in Berlin in 1990. The party strongly supports Marxism-Leninism, and states that it "consistently fights revisionism, opportunism and its main form, anti-Stalinism." It also supports the Democratic People's Republic of Korea and has a strong Maoist influence. The party chairman was Werner Schleese. He resigned in April 2006.

title: Communist Party of Germany (1990)

text: Communist Party of Germany (1990) The Communist Party of Germany (, abbreviated KPD) is a minor political party in Germany. It is one of several parties which claim the KPD name. It was founded in Berlin in 1990. The party strongly supports Marxism-Leninism, and states that it "consistently fights revisionism, opportunism and its main form, anti-Stalinism." It also supports the Democratic People's Republic of Korea and has a strong Maoist influence. The party chairman was Werner Schleese. He resigned in April 2006. The current chairman is Torsten Schöwitz. The KPD publishes a monthly newspaper, "Die Rote Fahne" ("The Red Flag").

title: Division of Korea

text: it would intervene if American troops crossed the parallel. As it occupied the north, the Republic of Korea, in turn, attempted to unify the country under its regime, with the Korean National Police enforcing political indoctrination. As US-led forces pushed into the north, China unleashed a counter-attack which drove them back into the south. In 1951, the front line stabilized near the 38th parallel, and both sides began to consider an armistice. Rhee, however, demanded the war continue until Korea was unified under his leadership. The Communist side supported an armistice line being based on the 38th parallel, but the

title: Religion in South Korea

text: (1910–1945) the already formed link of Christianity with Korean nationalism was strengthened, as the Japanese tried to impose State Shinto, co-opting within it native Korean Sindo, and Christians refused to take part in Shinto rituals. At the same time, numerous religious movements that since the 19th century had been trying to reform the Korean indigenous religion, notably Cheondoism, flourished. With the division of Korea into two states in 1945, the communist north and the anti-communist south, the majority of the Korean Christian population that had been until then in the northern half of the peninsula, fled to South Korea. Christians

title: International Meeting of Communist and Workers Parties

text: people and the other people in Middle East". In December 2009, the communist and workers parties agreed to the creation of the "International Communist Review", which is published annually in English and Spanish and has a website. The participants of the meeting have created a working group to address all aspects of organizing the meetings. As of May 2018, the working group is composed by communist and worker's parties of Brazil, China, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Greece, Hungary, India (CPI and CPI(Marxist)), Iran, Kazakhstan, Korea (DPRK), Lebanon, Mexico, Pakistan, Palestine, Portugal, Russian Federation (CP of the Russian Federation and Russian

title: New Communist Party of Britain

text: down by the old Communist International. The party is politically closest to what it sees as anti-revisionist Communist Parties who would see the Soviet leadership from Nikita Khrushchev onwards as stepping away from socialism. Internationally it supports Cuba, China, Vietnam, Laos and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea. The NCP regularly attends the international conferences organised by the Communist Party of Greece (KKE), and May Day events organised by the Workers Party of Belgium (PTB/PvdA). In the UK, the NCP has very close relations with the Revolutionary Communist Party of Britain (Marxist-Leninist), despite having major programmatic differences on the question

title: History of South Korea

text: This division was meant to be temporary (as was in Germany) and was first intended to return a unified Korea back to its people after the United States, United Kingdom, Soviet Union, and Republic of China could arrange a single government for the peninsula. The two parties were unable to agree on the implementation of Joint Trusteeship over Korea. This led in 1948 to the establishment of two separate governments – the Communist-aligned Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK) and the West-aligned First Republic of Korea – each claiming to be the legitimate government of all of Korea. On June

title: Religion in North Korea

text: as the Japanese tried to impose State Shinto and Christians refused to take part in Shinto rituals. At the same time, numerous religious movements that since the 19th century had been trying to reform the Korean indigenous religion, notably Chondoism, flourished. Christianity became widespread especially in the north of the peninsula, as did Chondoism which aimed to counter Christian influence. The Korean peninsula was divided into two states in 1945, the communist north and the anti-communist south. Most of the Korean Christians, that had been until then in the northern half of the peninsula, fled to South Korea. By contrast,

title: Music of Korea

text: as a part of the Korean Wave. Music of Korea The music of Korea refers to music from the Korean peninsula ranging from prehistoric times to the division of Korea into South and North in 1945. It includes court music, folk music, poetic songs, and religious music used in shamanistic and Buddhist traditions. Together, traditional Korean music is referred to as "gugak" (Hangul: 국악), which literally means "national music." Not much is known about music from the Proto-Three Kingdoms of Korea period (before 57 BCE). It is believed that Korean people practiced shamanistic rituals involving music at agricultural festivals. Tomb

title: Cinema of Korea

text: Cinema of Korea The term "Cinema of Korea" (or "Korean cinema") encompasses the motion picture industries of North and South Korea. As with all aspects of Korean life during the past century, the film industry has often been at the mercy of political events, from the late Joseon dynasty to the Korean War to domestic governmental interference. While both countries have relatively robust film industries today, only South Korean films have achieved wide international acclaim. North Korean films tend to portray their communist or revolutionary themes. South Korean films enjoyed a "Golden age" during the late 1950s, and 1960s, but

title: The Crime of Korea

text: Communist rallies and parades, and the narrator speaks about the need to counter it to stop "other Koreas." The final segment of the film exerts the home front to keep up production and buy war bonds for the war effort. The Crime of Korea The Crime of Korea was a 1950 propaganda film produced by the US Army Signal Corps mainly concerning the war crimes committed by the North Koreans. "Crime of Korea" opens with the narrator reminiscing about what Korea was like when he first arrived in 1945 for the Japanese surrender. He notes how well the Allies were

title: People's Party of Korea

text: Labourer's Party (사회로동당). People's Party of Korea The People's Party of Korea (, ) was a moderate left-wing political party created on November 12, 1945 by Lyuh Woon-Hyung. The People's Party did not claim to exclusively represent a particular class; instead, it tried to represent the entire Korean people. As the Soviet-US Committee failed in 1946, a faction within the People's Party called "forty-eighters" left the party and formed the Workers Party of South Korea (남조선로동당), in a coalition with Communist Party of South Korea (조선공산당) and New People's Party (신민당). The People's Party dissolved soon thereafter, and Lyuh later

title: People's Party of Korea

text: People's Party of Korea The People's Party of Korea (, ) was a moderate left-wing political party created on November 12, 1945 by Lyuh Woon-Hyung. The People's Party did not claim to exclusively represent a particular class; instead, it tried to represent the entire Korean people. As the Soviet-US Committee failed in 1946, a faction within the People's Party called "forty-eighters" left the party and formed the Workers Party of South Korea (남조선로동당), in a coalition with Communist Party of South Korea (조선공산당) and New People's Party (신민당). The People's Party dissolved soon thereafter, and Lyuh later formed the Socialist

title: Foreign relations of South Korea

text: (PEFTOK) to help South Korea against the invasion of the communist North during the Korean War in the 1950s. After the war, the Philippines provided development assistance to South Korea and helped the country rebuild itself. Since then, the Philippines’s relations with South Korea have evolved with South Korea becoming one of the Philippines’s most important bilateral partners aside from the United States, China and Japan. The Philippine government seeks to cultivate strategic ties with South Korea given its increasing presence in the country. In the coming years, the Philippines anticipates to benefit from exploring unprecedented opportunities from South Korea

title: 1957 International Meeting of Communist and Workers Parties

text: In the debates at the meeting Mao argued for a centralized world communist movement whilst the Italian communist leader Palmiro Togliatti argued for decentralization of the world communist movement and autonomy of individual parties. For Mao, the talk of "peaceful road to socialism" meant a negotiation of revolutionary politics and a capitulation to electoral politics. The meeting had lasting impact on the world communist movement. With the Moscow meeting indicating an increased space for independent policy by national communist parties, the Workers Party of Korea organ "Rodong Sinmun" carried an editorial on the meeting which called for increasingly independent political

title: Wildlife of South Korea

text: are "Betula platyphylla", "Pinus koraiensis", "Acer komarovii", "Ligularia fischeri", "Rhododendron aureum", "Epimedium koreanum", rhubarb, "Viola mandshurica", "Lithospermum erythrorhizon" and others. In South Korea, boreal forest doesn't exist in the lowlands. However, subalpine coniferous forest is found in highland or mountainous district in South Korea. Part of Hallasan, part of Seoraksan, fir forest of Jirisan and Gotjawal Forest in Jejudo are the subalpine forests in South Korea. At an altitude of 1200 m–1500 m in Hallasan Mountain, there is a coniferous forest which consists of pine, juniper, a Korean fir. Fruticeta is formed in 1500 m–1700 m and the alpine zone

title: Communist Party of Italy

text: of PCd'I: Regional newspapers of PCd'I: Communist Party of Italy The Communist Party of Italy (, PCd'I) was a communist political party in Italy which existed from 1921 to 1926 when it was outlawed by Benito Mussolini's Fascist regime. In 1943, the party was refounded and the name was changed to the Italian Communist Party (, PCI) after the fall of Fascism. The forerunner of the party was the Communist Faction which began in 1912. The Communist Faction was part of the Communist International, commonly known as the Comintern. The Communist Party of Italy was founded in Livorno on 21

title: Communist Party of Italy

text: Communist Party of Italy The Communist Party of Italy (, PCd'I) was a communist political party in Italy which existed from 1921 to 1926 when it was outlawed by Benito Mussolini's Fascist regime. In 1943, the party was refounded and the name was changed to the Italian Communist Party (, PCI) after the fall of Fascism. The forerunner of the party was the Communist Faction which began in 1912. The Communist Faction was part of the Communist International, commonly known as the Comintern. The Communist Party of Italy was founded in Livorno on 21 January 1921 following a split in

title: Communism in Korea

text: After the liberation in 1945, the situation for the Korean communists changed considerably. In the South, the Communist Party leader Pak Hon-yong, who had been a resistance fighter, became active in Seoul upon his release in 1945. He reorganized a Central Committee, of which he became the Secretary. Being based in Seoul, his group had limited contact with the Soviets in the north. The Soviet Red Army liberated northern Korea in August 1945. At the time, there were very few Communist cadres in the North. The Soviets began to rely largely on exiled Communists who returned to Korea at the

title: Freedom of the press in South Korea

text: Freedom of the press in South Korea South Korea is considered to have freedom of the press, but it is subject to several pressures. It has improved since South Korea transitioned to democracy in the late 20th century, but declined slightly in the 2010s. Freedom House "Freedom of the Press" has classified South Korean press as free from 2002 to 2010, and as partly free since 2011. The Western concept of freedom of the press was introduced to Korea following World War II by the United States Army Military Government in Korea, though some communist press outlets were censored. The

text: self-reliance of the Workers Party of Korea. Following the 1957 meeting, the Romanian Workers Party took an increasingly independent political course. The 1957 meeting marked a turning point in Sino-Soviet relations, for the first time the contradictions between the Soviet and Chinese parties came into the forefront (which would later result in the Sino-Soviet split). Whilst the meeting marked increasing divergence between the Soviet and Chinese communist parties, although the Communist Party of China signed both the declaration and peace manifesto after some hesitation. The Chinese communist leader addressed the meeting on November 18, 1957, at which he publicly affirmed

title: Communist party

text: Communist parties are illegal in Estonia, Indonesia, Iran, Latvia, Lithuania, Myanmar, Poland, Romania, South Korea, Ukraine, Georgia, Hungary, and partyless countries. The Communist Party USA is also banned in the United States under the Communist Control Act, however the Act was never enforced and the Party still exists today. Some U.S. states also have their own laws banning the CPUSA; likewise none of those laws have ever been enforced. As the membership of a Communist party was to be limited to active cadres in Lenin's theory, there was a need for networks of separate organizations to mobilize mass support for

title: Republic of Korea Marine Corps

text: Republic of Korea Marine Corps The Republic of Korea Marine Corps (ROKMC; ; Hanja: 大韓民國海兵隊; Revised Romanization: "Daehanminguk Haebyeongdae"), also known as the ROK Marine Corps, or the ROK Marines, is the marine corps of South Korea. The ROKMC was founded as a suppression operations force against communist partisans in 1949, just prior to the start of the Korean War. The ROKMC also saw combat during the Vietnam War, while stationed in Da Nang, occasionally fighting alongside the U.S. Marines. The ROKMC was disbanded temporarily in 1973 but was reconstituted in 1987 and remains active to this day. On April

title: Foreign relations of North Korea

text: of China in 1992, which put a serious strain on relations between the DPRK and its traditional allies. Moreover, the demise of Communist states in Eastern Europe in 1989 and the disintegration of the Soviet Union in 1991 had resulted in a significant drop in communist aid to DPRK, resulting in largely decreased relations with Russia. Subsequently, South Korea developed the "sunshine policy" towards the DPRK, aiming for peaceful Korean reunification. This policy ended in 2009. In September 1991, the DPRK became a member of the United Nations. In July 2000, it began participating in the ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF),

title: History of the Jews in South Korea

text: History of the Jews in South Korea The first sizable Jewish presence in Korea was during the Korean War, when hundreds of Jewish soldiers participated in the American-led effort to repel a communist attempt to control the whole peninsula. Among the participants was Chaim Potok, who served as a chaplain. His experiences in Korea led to the book, "The Book of Lights and I am the Clay". Most of the Jewish community in South Korea resides in Seoul. The community is mostly U.S. military personnel and their families, business people, English-language journalists and teachers, and tourists. The Jewish population is

title: The Encyclopaedia of Korea

text: System, with some minor exceptions. Overall Statistics (ANU Open Research Library Statistic for "Encyclopaedia of Korea") available since the "Encyclopaedia" became part of the ANU's Open Access Digital Collection in 2011, there have been 4,918+ views and 12,002+ downloads of whole and part articles. The Encyclopaedia of Korea The Encyclopedia of Korea (영문 디지털 한국백과사전) – a part of the Open Research Library Digital Collections – is the first comprehensive English language encyclopedia of Korea that covers multifarious fields of information on Korea. Sixty Koreanists worldwide contributed some 1300 entries. Of these, Korean scholars contributed about 30 per cent and

title: Workers' Party of Korea

text: and on legitimizing the Kim family's dominance of the political system. Before the rise of "Juche" and later "Songun", the party was committed to Marxist–Leninist thought as well, with its importance becoming greatly diminished over time. The party's emblem is an adaptation of the communist hammer and sickle, with a traditional Korean calligraphy brush. Each symbol is to represent industrial workers (hammer), peasants (sickle) and intellectuals (ink brush). On 13 October 1945, the North Korean Bureau of the Communist Party of Korea (NKB–CPK) was established, with Kim Yong-bom its first chairman. However, the NKB–CPK remained subordinate to the CPK Central