query: where is portuguese language spoken?

title: Portuguese language

text: is a descendant of the Galician-Portuguese group, such as La Alamedilla, Cedillo ("Cedilho"), Herrera de Alcántara ("Ferreira d'Alcântara") and Olivenza ("Olivença"), but in these municipalities, what is spoken is actually Portuguese, not disputed as such in the mainstream. It should be noticed that the diversity of dialects of the Portuguese language is known since the time of medieval Portuguese-Galician language when it coexisted with the Lusitanian-Mozarabic dialect, spoken in the south of Portugal. The dialectal diversity becomes more evident in the work of Fernão d'Oliveira, in the Grammatica da Lingoagem Portuguesa, (1536), where he remarks that the people of Portuguese

title: Portuguese language

text: and the ABC islands in the Caribbean where Papiamento is spoken, while Cape Verdean Creole is the most widely spoken Portuguese-based Creole. A Portuguese-speaking person or nation may be referred to as "Lusophone" in both English and Portuguese. Portuguese is part of the Ibero-Romance group that evolved from several dialects of Vulgar Latin in the medieval Kingdom of Galicia and the County of Portugal, and has kept some Celtic phonology and lexicon. With approximately 215 to 220 million native speakers and 250 million total speakers, Portuguese is usually listed as the sixth most natively spoken language in the world, the

title: Portuguese language in Asia

text: joined the CPLP shortly after its independence at the turn of the 21st century. Indonesia has also expressed interest in joining the CPLP. The Instituto Camões maintains language centres in Macau, Goa, Busan and Dili. In Asia, Standard European Portuguese (português-padrão) forms the basis for the written and spoken norm, exclusively to East Timor and Macau. Portuguese language in Asia The Portuguese language is spoken in Asia by small communities either in regions which formerly served as colonies to Portugal, notably Macau and East Timor where the language is official albeit not widely spoken, or of Lusophone immigrants, notably the

title: Portuguese language in Asia

text: Portuguese language in Asia The Portuguese language is spoken in Asia by small communities either in regions which formerly served as colonies to Portugal, notably Macau and East Timor where the language is official albeit not widely spoken, or of Lusophone immigrants, notably the Brazilians in Japan. Various regions in Asia have expressed interest in participating in the Community of Portuguese-speaking Countries (the CPLP). The Malaysian state of Malacca, Macau, and the Indian state of Goa have all applied for observer or associate member status and are awaiting the permission of the Malaysian, Chinese, and Indian governments, respectively. East Timor

title: Portuguese language

text: as Indonesian, Manado Malay, Malayalam, Sri Lankan Tamil and Sinhalese, Malay, Bengali, English, Hindi, Swahili, Afrikaans, Konkani, Marathi, Tetum, Xitsonga, Japanese, Lanc-Patuá (spoken in northern Brazil), Esan and Sranan Tongo (spoken in Suriname). It left a strong influence on the "língua brasílica", a Tupi–Guarani language, which was the most widely spoken in Brazil until the 18th century, and on the language spoken around Sikka in Flores Island, Indonesia. In nearby Larantuka, Portuguese is used for prayers in Holy Week rituals. The Japanese–Portuguese dictionary "Nippo Jisho" (1603) was the first dictionary of Japanese in a European language, a product of Jesuit

title: Portuguese language

text: Republic of the Congo, Senegal, Namibia, Swaziland, and South Africa. In all of the listed countries Portuguese is spoken either as native language by minorities due to the Portuguese colonial past or as a "lingua franca" in bordering and multilingual regions, such as on the border between Brazil and Uruguay and Angola and Namibia. According to estimates by UNESCO, Portuguese is the fastest-growing European language after English and the language has, according to the newspaper "The Portugal News" publishing data given from UNESCO, the highest potential for growth as an international language in southern Africa and South America. Portuguese is

title: Portuguese language in Goa

text: the centuries in most cases—it is debatable whether the Goan territory have formed an [[Indo-Portuguese]] [[Creole language|Creole]]. Some authors such as Theban (1985) and Thomas (1995) consider, unlike Holm (1989) and Clemens (1996, 2000), that the very strong pressure from the Portuguese, in the official language and education, would have prevented the formation of a creole Portuguese in Goa. However, according to Rita Marquilhas (1998), in places where it has remained under the administration of [[Portugal]] until the mid-twentieth century—such as Goa—there was a "de-[[Creolisation]]" since various language structures were approaching the Portuguese spoken in Portugal and only traces remained

title: Portuguese language

text: spoken on the borders of Brazil with Uruguay () and Paraguay (), and of Portugal with Spain (), that are Portuguese dialects spoken natively by thousands of people, which have been heavily influenced by Spanish. Portuguese and Spanish are the only Ibero-Romance languages, and perhaps the only Romance languages with such thriving inter-language forms, in which visible and lively bilingual contact dialects and code-switching have formed, in which functional bilingual communication is achieved through attempting an approximation to the target foreign language (known as 'Portunhol') without a learned acquisition process, but nevertheless facilitates communication. There is an emerging literature focused

title: Portuguese language in Africa

text: the various Portuguese creoles that have developed there. These creole languages co-exist with Portuguese and, in the countries where they are spoken, form a continuum with the lexifying language. In Cape Verde, refers to a variety of Cape Verdean Creole which takes on various features of Portuguese and is a result of processes of decreolization in the archipelago. In São Tome e Principe, Santomense Portuguese is a variety of Portuguese strongly influenced by Forro in syntax and vocabulary. Since the lexicons of those languages are derived from Portuguese, even creole-speakers who do not speak Portuguese have a passive knowledge of

title: Portuguese language

text: Namibia (about 4–5% of the population, mainly refugees from Angola in the north of the country), Paraguay (10.7% or 636,000 people), Macau (0.6% or 12,000 people), Switzerland (196,000 nationals in 2008), Venezuela (554,000). and the United States (0.35% of the population or 1,228,126 speakers according to the 2007 American Community Survey). In some parts of former Portuguese India, namely Goa and Daman and Diu, the language is still spoken by about 10,000 people. In 2014, an estimated 1,500 students were learning Portuguese in Goa. The Community of Portuguese Language Countries (in Portuguese "Comunidade dos Países de Língua Portuguesa", with the

title: Macanese Portuguese

text: Macanese Portuguese Macanese Portuguese () is a Portuguese dialect spoken in Macau, where Portuguese is co-official with Cantonese. Macanese Portuguese is spoken, to some degree either natively or as a second language, by roughly 1% of the population of Macau. It should not be confused with Macanese language (or ), a distinct Portuguese creole that developed in Macau during the Portuguese rule. Macau had its first contact with the Portuguese language in 1557 when the territory was established as a trade center of Portugal to other parts of Asia. The language largely entered Macau in the 19th century when China

title: Portuguese language

text: Portuguese-speaking countries (Brazil, Angola, Mozambique, etc.) in the world. , a pronoun meaning "you", is used for educated, formal, and colloquial respectful speech in most Portuguese-speaking regions. In the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul, is virtually absent from the spoken language. Riograndense and European Portuguese normally distinguishes formal from informal speech by verbal conjugation. Informal speech employs "tu" followed by second person verbs, formal language retains the formal , followed by the third person conjugation. Conjugation of has three different forms in Brazil (verb "to see": , in the traditional second person, , in the third person, and

title: Portuguese language

text: on such phenomena (including informal attempts of standardization of the linguistic continua and their usage). The closest relative of Portuguese is Galician, which is spoken in the autonomous community (region) and historical nationality of Galicia (northwestern Spain). The two were at one time a single language, known today as Galician-Portuguese, but they have diverged especially in pronunciation and vocabulary due to the political separation of Portugal from Galicia. There is, however, still a linguistic continuity consisting of the variant of Galician referred to as "galego-português baixo-limiao", which is spoken in several Galician villages between the municipalities of Entrimo and Lobios

title: Portuguese language

text: a globalized language spoken officially on five continents, and as a second language by millions worldwide. Since 1991, when Brazil signed into the economic community of Mercosul with other South American nations, namely Argentina, Uruguay and Paraguay, Portuguese is either mandatory, or taught, in the schools of those South American countries. Although early in the 21st century, after Macau was ceded to China and Brazilian immigration to Japan slowed down, the use of Portuguese was in decline in Asia, it is once again becoming a language of opportunity there, mostly because of increased diplomatic and financial ties with economically powerful

title: Portuguese language in Africa

text: it. In addition, Portuguese creoles have often been (and often continue to be) written using Portuguese orthography. An important issue in discussions of standardization of creoles is whether it is better to devise a truly phonetic orthography or to choose an etymological one based on Portuguese. Portuguese language in Africa Portuguese is spoken in a number of African countries and is the official language in six African states: Angola, Mozambique, Guinea-Bissau, Cape Verde, São Tomé and Príncipe and Equatorial Guinea. There are Portuguese-speaking communities in most countries of Southern Africa, a mixture of Portuguese settlers and Angolans and Mozambicans who

title: Guinean Portuguese

text: Guinean Portuguese Guinean Portuguese () is the variety of Portuguese spoken in Guinea-Bissau, where it is the official language. Guinea-Bissau is unique among the African member states of the CPLP in that it is both highly diverse linguistically, like Angola and Mozambique, and it is also a creole society, like Cape Verde and São Tomé e Príncipe. Rather than Portuguese, it is Guinea-Bissau Creole which serves as the lingua franca and the vehicle of national identity spoken as both a first and second language. Thus Portuguese, for those who speak it, is often a third language. The native Portuguese speakers

title: Portuguese language in Africa

text: Portuguese language in Africa Portuguese is spoken in a number of African countries and is the official language in six African states: Angola, Mozambique, Guinea-Bissau, Cape Verde, São Tomé and Príncipe and Equatorial Guinea. There are Portuguese-speaking communities in most countries of Southern Africa, a mixture of Portuguese settlers and Angolans and Mozambicans who left their countries during the civil wars. A rough estimate has it that there are about 14 million people who use Portuguese as their sole mother tongue across Africa, but depending on the criteria applied, the number might be considerably higher, since many Africans speak Portuguese

title: Portuguese language

text: speakers. The Fala language, known by its speakers as "xalimés", "mañegu", "a fala de Xálima" and "chapurráu" and in Portuguese as "a fala de Xálima", "a fala da Estremadura", "o galego da Estremadura", "valego" ou "galaico-estremenho", is another descendant of Galician-Portuguese, spoken by a small number of people in the Spanish towns of Valverde del Fresno ("Valverdi du Fresnu"), Eljas ("As Ellas") and San Martín de Trevejo ("Sa Martín de Trevellu") in the autonomous community of Extremadura, near the border with Portugal. There are a number of other places in Spain in which the native language of the common people

title: Macanese Portuguese

text: ceded Macau to Portugal and Macau was declared a formal Portuguese province. At that time, it was made an official language along with Cantonese. Despite being a Portuguese colony for over four centuries, the Portuguese language was never widely spoken in Macau and remained limited to administration and higher education and was spoken primarily by the Portuguese colonists, Macanese people of mixed ancestry, and elites and middle-class people of pure Chinese blood. Currently, there is only one school in Macau where Portuguese is the medium of instruction, the Macau Portuguese School. Many Macanese people of mixed ancestry since Portuguese time

title: Portuguese language in Goa

text: Goa) and the [[English language|English]] (one of the two official languages of the federal administration of [[India]]). Currently, the Portuguese language is spoken by a small community in Goa, although it is not possible to know the exact number of people in Goa who can speak this language. Recently, attempts are now made to revive the language in Goa, including project-tests in secondary schools and artistic entities, or those of a tourist nature. Currently the Portuguese language is learned in official and private education. After 1961, Portugal did not know how to do this in Goa. In the decades after

title: Portuguese language

text: of Portuguese emigrant citizens in the PALOP and Brazil. The Portuguese language therefore serves more than 250 million people daily, who have direct or indirect legal, juridical and social contact with it, varying from the only language used in any contact, to only education, contact with local or international administration, commerce and services or the simple sight of road signs, public information and advertising in Portuguese. Portuguese is a mandatory subject in the school curriculum in Uruguay. Other countries where Portuguese is commonly taught in schools or where it is being introduced as an option now include Venezuela, Zambia, the

title: American Portuguese

text: American Portuguese Portuguese is the largest language of South America. It is the sole official language of Brazil and is a co-official language of several regional organizations, notably Mercosul, UNASUL, ACTO, CELAC, the Rio Group, and ALADI. The main varieties of Portuguese spoken in South America are Brazilian Portuguese (spoken by the vast majority), Uruguayan Portuguese and a mixed variety known as Portunhol. Brazil is the largest country in which Portuguese is spoken in all of the Americas, with a population of approximately 200 million people, almost all of whom are native speakers of Portuguese. The size of this population

title: Brazilian Portuguese

text: in Portuguese). codice_1 is a language code for "Portuguese", defined by ISO standards (see ISO 639-1 and ISO 3166-1 alpha-2). There is no ISO code for spoken or written Brazilian Portuguese. codice_2 is a language code for the "Brazilian Sign Language", defined by ISO standards (see ISO 639-3). codice_3 is a language code for the "Brazilian Portuguese", defined by Internet standards (see IETF language tag). Brazilian Portuguese Brazilian Portuguese (' or ' ) is a set of dialects of the Portuguese language used mostly in Brazil. It is spoken by virtually all of the 200 million inhabitants of Brazil and

title: European Portuguese

text: European Portuguese European Portuguese (, ), also known as Lusitanian Portuguese (') and Portuguese of Portugal (') in Brazil, or even “Portuguese Portuguese” refers to the Portuguese language spoken in Portugal. Standard Portuguese pronunciation, the prestige norm based on European Portuguese, is the reference for Portugal, the Portuguese-speaking African countries, East Timor and Macau. The word “European” was chosen to avoid the clash of “Portuguese Portuguese” (“""”) as opposed to Brazilian Portuguese. The language is the same with different accents in many countries. It is a Latin based language, with Gaelic, Germanic, Greek and Arabic influence. It was spoken in

title: Portuguese dialects

text: regulated. Unlike the written language, however, there is no spoken-Portuguese official standard, but the European Portuguese reference pronunciation is the educated speech of Lisbon. Portuguese dialects Portuguese dialects are mutually intelligible variations of the Portuguese language over Portuguese-speaking countries and other areas holding some degree of cultural bound with the language. Portuguese has two standard forms of writing and numerous regional spoken variations (with often large phonological and lexical differences). The standard written form of Portuguese used in Brazil is regulated by the Brazilian Academy of Letters and is sometimes called Brazilian Portuguese (although the term primarily means all dialects

title: Brazilian Portuguese

text: Brazilian Portuguese Brazilian Portuguese (' or ' ) is a set of dialects of the Portuguese language used mostly in Brazil. It is spoken by virtually all of the 200 million inhabitants of Brazil and spoken widely across the Brazilian diaspora, today consisting of about two million Brazilians who have emigrated to other countries. Brazilian Portuguese differs significantly, particularly in phonology and prosody, from dialects spoken in Portugal and Portuguese-speaking African countries. In these latter countries, the language tends to have a closer connection to contemporary European Portuguese, partly because Portuguese colonial rule ended much more recently in them than

title: Portuguese dialects

text: Portuguese dialects Portuguese dialects are mutually intelligible variations of the Portuguese language over Portuguese-speaking countries and other areas holding some degree of cultural bound with the language. Portuguese has two standard forms of writing and numerous regional spoken variations (with often large phonological and lexical differences). The standard written form of Portuguese used in Brazil is regulated by the Brazilian Academy of Letters and is sometimes called Brazilian Portuguese (although the term primarily means all dialects spoken in Brazil as a whole). In Portugal, the language is regulated by the Sciences Academy of Lisbon, Class of Letters and its national

title: Northern Portuguese

text: Northern Portuguese Northern Portuguese is the oldest dialect of the Portuguese language. It is spoken in coastal northern Portugal from Viana do Castelo to Porto and stretching inland as far as Braga. The region is considered the birthplace of the Portuguese language. It is popularly known as "Nortenho" (Northerner), but linguists traditionally call it Interâmnico or Interamense to differentiate it from other dialects spoken inland in northern Portugal. The dialects of Northern Portuguese constitute one of the major groupings of the Portuguese language. There are two subdialects: Porto-Póvoa and Braga-Viana, each of these sub-dialects is further divided into Porto, Póvoa,

title: American Portuguese

text: it football matches, telenovelas or variety shows allow lusophones outside of Brazil to access media and cultural content in Portuguese and stay informed and connected to events in Brazil. Rede Globo and RTPi are available throughout all of the Americas. American Portuguese Portuguese is the largest language of South America. It is the sole official language of Brazil and is a co-official language of several regional organizations, notably Mercosul, UNASUL, ACTO, CELAC, the Rio Group, and ALADI. The main varieties of Portuguese spoken in South America are Brazilian Portuguese (spoken by the vast majority), Uruguayan Portuguese and a mixed variety

title: Portuguese dialects

text: of the Portuguese-speaking world. Portunhol/Portuñol: In regions where Spanish and Portuguese coexist, various types of language contact have occurred, ranging from improvised code-switching between monolingual speakers of each language to more or less stable mixed languages. They are often designated by the common term "portunhol" ("portuñol"). "This section does not cover Galician, which is treated as a separate language from Portuguese by Galician official institutions, or Fala. For a discussion of the controversy regarding the status of Galician with respect to Portuguese, see Reintegrationism." Portunhol Riverense is spoken in the region between Uruguay and Brazil, particularly in the twin cities

title: Community of Portuguese Language Countries

text: Instituto Camões language center branches in main cities and rural towns), as Portuguese is becoming one of the main languages in Southern Africa, where it is also taught in Namibia and South Africa. In many developing Portuguese-speaking nations, Portuguese is the language of government and commerce which means that Portuguese-speaking people from African nations can work and communicate with others in different parts of the world, especially in Portugal and Brazil, where the economies are stronger. Many leaders of Portuguese-speaking nations in Africa are fearful that language standards do not meet the fluency required and are therefore making it compulsory

title: Portuguese language

text: the Portuguese Language, an interactive museum about the Portuguese language, was founded in São Paulo, Brazil, the city with the greatest number of Portuguese language speakers in the world. The museum is the first of its kind in the world. In 2015 the museum was destroyed in a fire, but there are plans to reconstruct it. Portuguese is the native language of the vast majority of people in Brazil and Portugal, and 99.8% of the population of São Tomé and Príncipe declared speaking Portuguese in the 1991 census. Perhaps 75% of the population of Angola speaks Portuguese natively, and 85%

title: Alentejan Portuguese

text: Alentejan Portuguese Alentejan Portuguese is a dialect of Portuguese spoken in the Portuguese region of Alentejo. It is also spoken, with its own subdialect, in the Spanish municipalities of Olivenza and Táliga which for several centuries (1297 to 1801) were part of Portugal; in this area the language is currently endangered. The 2005 report of the Council of Europe's expert group on the implementation in Spain of the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages, 2005 asked the Spanish government to furnish information about the situation of Oliventian Portuguese, and for measures for the protection and promotion of that language

title: Portuguese language in Africa

text: as a second language, in countries like Angola and Mozambique, where Portuguese is an official language, but also in countries like South Africa and Senegal, thanks to migrants coming from Portuguese speaking countries. Some statistics claim that there are over 30 million Portuguese speakers in the continent. Like French and English, Portuguese has become a post-colonial language in Africa and one of the working languages of the African Union (AU) and the Southern African Development Community (SADC). Portuguese co-exists in Guinea-Bissau, Cape Verde, and São Tomé and Principe with Portuguese-based creoles (Upper Guinea and Gulf of Guinea Creoles), and in

title: Mozambican Portuguese

text: Mozambican Portuguese Mozambican Portuguese () refers to the varieties of Portuguese spoken in Mozambique. Portuguese is the official language of the country. Several variables factor into the emergence of Mozambican Portuguese. Mozambique shares the linguistic norm used in the other Portuguese-speaking African countries and Portugal. Mozambican Portuguese also enriches the Portuguese language with new words and expressions. According to the 1997 census, 40% of the population of Mozambique spoke Portuguese. 9% spoke it at home, and 6.5% considered Portuguese to be their mother tongue. Portuguese is a post-colonial language. Imposed during the colonial era, Portuguese was selected as the official

title: Portuguese language

text: names in other languages, such as Anhangüera and mülleriano. Accented characters and digraphs are not counted as separate letters for collation purposes. Portuguese language Portuguese ( or, in full, ) is a Western Romance language originating in the Iberian Peninsula. It is the sole official language of Portugal, Brazil, Cape Verde, Guinea-Bissau, Mozambique, Angola, and São Tomé and Príncipe. It also has co-official language status in East Timor, Equatorial Guinea and Macau in China. As the result of expansion during colonial times, a cultural presence of Portuguese and Portuguese creole speakers are also found in Goa, Daman and Diu in

title: Portuguese language

text: Portuguese language Portuguese ( or, in full, ) is a Western Romance language originating in the Iberian Peninsula. It is the sole official language of Portugal, Brazil, Cape Verde, Guinea-Bissau, Mozambique, Angola, and São Tomé and Príncipe. It also has co-official language status in East Timor, Equatorial Guinea and Macau in China. As the result of expansion during colonial times, a cultural presence of Portuguese and Portuguese creole speakers are also found in Goa, Daman and Diu in India; in Batticaloa on the east coast of Sri Lanka; in the Indonesian island of Flores; in the Malacca state of Malaysia;

title: Portuguese language

text: being most frequent among youngsters and a number of studies have also shown an increase in its use in a number of other Brazilian dialects. Modern Standard European Portuguese (' or ') is based on the Portuguese spoken in the area including and surrounding the cities of Coimbra and Lisbon, in central Portugal. Standard European Portuguese is also the preferred standard by the Portuguese-speaking African countries. As such, and despite the fact that its speakers are dispersed around the world, Portuguese has only two dialects used for learning: the European and the Brazilian. Some aspects and sounds found in many

title: Portuguese language

text: Portuguese acronym CPLP) consists of the eight independent countries that have Portuguese as an official language: Angola, Brazil, Cape Verde, East Timor, Equatorial Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Mozambique, Portugal and São Tomé and Príncipe. Equatorial Guinea made a formal application for full membership to the CPLP in June 2010, a status given only to states with Portuguese as an official language. In 2011, Portuguese became its third official language (besides Spanish and French) and, in July 2014, the country was accepted as a member of the CPLP. Portuguese is also one of the official languages of the Special Administrative Region of the

text: January, Andorra also formalized its candidacy for the same status. Italy shares a legacy of Ancient Rome and Italy is the non-lusuophone nation with the most number of university chairs in the Portuguese language. Because of immigration and close geographic proximity, Portuguese is one of the most spoken languages in Andorra. In the 2018 summit with all the heads of state present, with the exception of East Timor due to national policies issues, several observers joined the organization: Luxembourg, Andorra, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Argentina, Serbia, Chile, France, Italy and the Organization of Ibero-American States

title: Portuguese language

text: are more or less fluent. Just over 40% (and rapidly increasing) of the population of Mozambique are native speakers of Portuguese, and 60% are fluent, according to the 2007 census. Portuguese is also spoken natively by 30% of the population in Guinea-Bissau, and a Portuguese-based creole is understood by all. No data is available for Cape Verde, but almost all the population is bilingual, and the monolingual population speaks Cape Verdean Creole. There are also significant Portuguese-speaking immigrant communities in many countries including Andorra (15.4%), Bermuda, Canada (400,275 people in the 2006 census), France (900,000 people), Japan (400,000 people), Jersey,

title: Portuguese language in Africa

text: The nation-states with Portuguese as an official language in Africa are referred to by the acronym PALOP () and include the following: Angola, Cape Verde, Guinea-Bissau, Mozambique and São Tomé and Príncipe. Portuguese is a primarily urban language having a reduced presence in rural areas, except for in Angola and São Tomé and Príncipe, where the language is more widespread. South Africa also has approximately 300,000 speakers of Portuguese, primarily settlers from Madeira and white Angolans and Mozambicans who emigrated from 1975 onwards, following the independence of the former colonies. The civil wars in Angola and Mozambique also resulted in

title: Galician-Portuguese

text: Galician-Portuguese Galician-Portuguese ( or ', or '), also known as Old Portuguese or as Medieval Galician when referring to the history of each modern language, was a West Iberian Romance language spoken in the Middle Ages, in the northwest area of the Iberian Peninsula. Alternatively, it can be considered a historical period of the Galician and Portuguese languages. Galician-Portuguese was first spoken in the area bounded in the north and west by the Atlantic Ocean and by the Douro River in the south, comprising Galicia and northern Portugal, but it was later extended south of the Douro by the "Reconquista".

title: International Portuguese Language Institute

text: and São Tomé and Príncipe. International Portuguese Language Institute The International Portuguese Language Institute ("Instituto Internacional da Língua Portuguesa" in Portuguese) or IILP is the Community of Portuguese Language Countries's institute supporting the spread and popularity of the Portuguese language in the world. The Institute's headquarters is located in Praia, Cabo Verde. The institute is recent and its statutes are still not well regulated. However, its history starts in 1989 when the countries of Portuguese language gathered in São Luís do Maranhão in Brazil to create a base for a Portuguese language community. The Brazilian president, José Sarney gave the

text: International Portuguese Language Institute The International Portuguese Language Institute ("Instituto Internacional da Língua Portuguesa" in Portuguese) or IILP is the Community of Portuguese Language Countries's institute supporting the spread and popularity of the Portuguese language in the world. The Institute's headquarters is located in Praia, Cabo Verde. The institute is recent and its statutes are still not well regulated. However, its history starts in 1989 when the countries of Portuguese language gathered in São Luís do Maranhão in Brazil to create a base for a Portuguese language community. The Brazilian president, José Sarney gave the idea of an international institute

title: Portuguese language

text: local populations. After the Moorish invasion beginning in 711, Arabic became the administrative and common language in the conquered regions, but most of the remaining Christian population continued to speak a form of Romance commonly known as Mozarabic, which lasted three centuries longer in Spain. Portuguese evolved from the medieval language, known today by linguists as Galician-Portuguese, Old Portuguese or Old Galician, of the northwestern medieval Kingdom of Galicia and County of Portugal. It is in Latin administrative documents of the 9th century that written Galician-Portuguese words and phrases are first recorded. This phase is known as Proto-Portuguese, which lasted

title: Alentejan Portuguese

text: under the provisions of Article 7 of the Charter. However, in the report submitted by Spain in 2006, there are no references to Oliventian Portuguese. In the 2008 report the following paragraphs were listed: Alentejan Portuguese Alentejan Portuguese is a dialect of Portuguese spoken in the Portuguese region of Alentejo. It is also spoken, with its own subdialect, in the Spanish municipalities of Olivenza and Táliga which for several centuries (1297 to 1801) were part of Portugal; in this area the language is currently endangered. The 2005 report of the Council of Europe's expert group on the implementation in Spain

title: Macanese Portuguese

text: Portuguese Ceylon, that had been displaced by the Dutch expansion in the East Indies, and Japanese Christian refugees. These include "tim sam", dim sum; "goh lor", goh low and ; "shu tiu", si tiu. It reached to countries and regions where Portuguese is spoken, especially Portugal where it was brought by Portuguese returnees and some Chinese and Macanese (who are loyal to them) who brought Chinese and Macanese culture. Vocabulary even went to Brazil through leaving Portuguese settlers with some Macanese and Chinese settlers. Macanese Portuguese Macanese Portuguese () is a Portuguese dialect spoken in Macau, where Portuguese is co-official

title: Portuguese language in Goa

text: The long presence of the language in this [[Indian state]], plus a small number of speakers, left other legacies. For instance, street names, the name of the most populous [[Goan]] city -- [[Vasco da Gama]]—and family surnames like [[Mascarenhas (surname)|Mascarenhas]] and [[Sousa (surname)|Souza]], which is quite common in this territory. However, in [[Goa]], unlike other regions of [[India]]—as well as in [[Africa]], [[Ceylon]] (now [[Sri Lanka]]), [[Macau]] ([[China]]), [[Malacca]] ([[Malaysia]]), [[Indonesia]] and [[East Timor]]—where there were several locally based creole languages in [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] due to the permanent contact of this language with local language—though these are dying out over

title: Northern Portuguese

text: Braga, and Viana. Every accent in the region is derived from the accents in these four hubs. The Dialectal map of Leite de Vasconcelos, 1893-1897, proposed that the Northern Portuguese had three subdialects in a dialect, subdialect and variety organization: Northern Portuguese Northern Portuguese is the oldest dialect of the Portuguese language. It is spoken in coastal northern Portugal from Viana do Castelo to Porto and stretching inland as far as Braga. The region is considered the birthplace of the Portuguese language. It is popularly known as "Nortenho" (Northerner), but linguists traditionally call it Interâmnico or Interamense to differentiate it

title: Cape Verdean Portuguese

text: Cape Verdean Portuguese Cape Verdean Portuguese () is the variety of Portuguese spoken in Cape Verde. While Cape Verdean Creole is the mother tongue of nearly all the population in Cape Verde, Portuguese is the official language. Creole is, therefore, used colloquially, in everyday usage, while Portuguese is used in official situations, at schools, in the media, etc. Portuguese and Creole live in a state of diglossia, meaning that Portuguese is usually used in formal situations, in the media, business, education, judicial system and legislature, while Creole is preferred for informal situations as a vernacular language in day-to-day life and

title: Portuguese language

text: by Gerald of Braga, a monk from Moissac, who became bishop of Braga in Portugal in 1047, playing a major role in modernizing written Portuguese using classical Occitan norms.. Portugal became an independent kingdom in 1139, under King Afonso I of Portugal. In 1290, King Denis of Portugal created the first Portuguese university in Lisbon (the "Estudos Gerais", which later moved to Coimbra) and decreed for Portuguese, then simply called the "common language", to be known as the Portuguese language and used officially. In the second period of Old Portuguese, in the 15th and 16th centuries, with the Portuguese discoveries,

title: Portuguese language in Goa

text: diverse for a country that is already full of contrasts as is the case in India. Despite several centuries of domination exercised by [[Portugal]], unlike what happened in other [[Portuguese Empire|Portuguese colonies elsewhere]], the Portuguese language never spread among the vast majority of the population, remaining as the language of administration and a small literate elite. Today, the Portuguese situation in Goa is much more dramatic. Generation after generation, the number of speakers were decreased dramatically. Since the military conquest of the colony by India in 1961, the [[Portuguese language]] has been progressively replaced by [[Konkani]] (the official language of

title: Sinhalese language

text: to Dravidian influence are – "I know that it is new." "I do not know whether it is new." As a result of centuries of colonial rule, modern Sinhalese contains some Portuguese, Dutch and English loanwords. Macanese Patois or Macau Creole (known as "Patuá" to its speakers) is a creole language derived mainly from Malay, Sinhalese, Cantonese, and Portuguese, which was originally spoken by the Macanese people of the Portuguese colony of Macau. It is now spoken by a few families in Macau and in the Macanese diaspora. The language developed first mainly among the descendants of Portuguese settlers who

title: Brazilian Portuguese

text: in Brazil, despite the differences on spoken language. Modern Brazilian Portuguese has been highly influenced by other languages introduced by immigrants through the past century, specifically by German, Italian and Japanese immigrants. This high intake of immigrants not only caused the incorporation and/or adaptation of many words and expressions from their native language into local language, but also created specific dialects, such as the German "Hunsrückisch" dialect in the South of Brazil. This is also one of the main reasons why Brazilian Portuguese sounds so different from other Portuguese varieties. The written Brazilian standard differs from the European one to

title: Flag of the Community of Portuguese Language Countries

text: Flag of the Community of Portuguese Language Countries The flag of the Community of Portuguese Language Countries (or "flag of the CPLP") represents the intergovernmental organization for friendship among Lusophone (Portuguese-speaking) nations where Portuguese is an official language. The Portuguese language countries are home to more than 223 million people located across the globe. The CPLP nations cover a combined area of about . The CPLP was formed in 1996 with seven countries: Portugal, Brazil, a former colony in South America, and five former colonies in Africa—Angola, Cape Verde, Guinea-Bissau, Mozambique, and São Tomé and Príncipe. East Timor joined the

title: Portuguese language in Goa

text: 1961, bringing an end to [[Portuguese India|Portuguese rule]], there was a very complicated impasse halting use of [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]], which ceased to be the official language. "[[O Heraldo]]", the Portuguese language daily newspaper in Goa switched from Portuguese to English in 1983, becoming known as "The Herald". Only with the resumption of diplomatic relations between [[Portugal]] and [[India]] in 1974, including the installation of Portuguese institutions like the [[List of diplomatic missions of Portugal#Asia|Consulate-General]] in [[Panaji]] in 1992, followed by the [[Instituto Camões]] and the [[Fundação Oriente]] later on, was there a resumption for the demand for the [[Portuguese language]].

text: Government of Macau has not yet formalized this request. When the CPLP was formed, Equatorial Guinea asked for observer status. Equatorial Guinea () was a Portuguese colony from the 15th to 18th centuries and has some territories where Portuguese-based creole languages are spoken and cultural connections with São Tomé and Príncipe and Portugal are felt. Also, the country has recently cooperated with Portuguese-speaking African countries and Brazil at an educational level. At the CPLP summit of July 2004, in São Tomé and Príncipe, the member states agreed to change the statutes of the community to accept states as associate observers.

title: Portuguese-based creole languages

text: creoles were once spoken in Thailand (In Kudi Chin and Conception) and Bayingy in Burma. The Portuguese language was present in Portugal's colony Macau since the mid-16th century. A Portuguese creole, Patua, developed there, first by interaction with the local Cantonese people, and later modified by an influx of refugees from the Dutch takeover of Portuguese colonies in Indonesia. A few Portuguese-based creoles are found in South America: Papiamento (spoken on Aruba, Bonaire and Curaçao in the Caribbean) is closely related to the Upper Guinea Creoles: Guinea-Bissau Creole and especially with Cape Verdean Creole. Papiamento has a Portuguese basis, but

title: Portuguese language in Goa

text: language]] is a sign of prestige and social status: one who speaks Portuguese is considered to come from a good family. Currently, the Portuguese is spoken and learned as a second language for a small section of the Goans. [[Category:Culture of Goa]] [[Category:Portuguese dialects]] [[Category:Geographical distribution of the Portuguese language|Goa]] Portuguese language in Goa The Portuguese of Goa refers to the Portuguese language spoken in Goa, India. The history of the Portuguese dialect began in Goa due to Portuguese rule in the region that lasted for over 450 years. During the existence of the Portuguese State of India, Portuguese was

title: Portuguese language

text: mixture of Aravia or Gerigonça Judenga. While the term "língua vulgar" was used to name the language before D. Dinis decided to call it "Portuguese language", the erudite version used and known as Galician-Portuguese (the language of the Portuguese court) and all other Portuguese dialects were spoken at the same time. In a historical perspective the Portuguese language was never just one dialect. Just like today there is a standard Portuguese (actually two) among the several dialects of Portuguese, in the past there was Galician-Portuguese as the "standard", coexisting with other dialects. Portuguese has provided loanwords to many languages, such

title: Spoken language

text: Spoken language A spoken language is a language produced by articulate sounds, as opposed to a written language. Many languages have no written form and so are only spoken. An oral language or vocal language is a language produced with the vocal tract, as opposed to a sign language, which is produced with the hands and face. The term "spoken language" is sometimes used to mean only vocal languages, especially by linguists, making all three terms synonyms by excluding sign languages. Others refer to sign language as "spoken", especially in contrast to written transcriptions of signs. In spoken language, much

title: Spoken language

text: of the meaning is determined by the context. That contrasts with written language in which more of the meaning is provided directly by the text. In spoken language, the truth of a proposition is determined by common-sense reference to experience, but in written language, a greater emphasis is placed on logical and coherent argument. Similarly, spoken language tends to convey subjective information, including the relationship between the speaker and the audience, whereas written language tends to convey objective information. The relationship between spoken language and written language is complex. Within the field of linguistics the current consensus is that speech

title: Galician Academy of the Portuguese Language

text: Galician Academy of the Portuguese Language The Galician Academy of the Portuguese Language (Portuguese: Academia Galega da Língua Portuguesa) is a learned institution dedicated to the advancement, study, and normalization of Galicia's language. The academy promotes Reintegrationism, the concept that the language spoken in Galicia (dubbed the Galician language by some) is in fact merely a dialect of the Portuguese language and should be standardized to the international Portuguese norms of language. The Academy’s goal is to promote the study of the country’s language and its integration into the Portuguese Language Orthographic Agreement of 1990. The Academy includes among its

title: Portuguese language in Goa

text: Portuguese language in Goa The Portuguese of Goa refers to the Portuguese language spoken in Goa, India. The history of the Portuguese dialect began in Goa due to Portuguese rule in the region that lasted for over 450 years. During the existence of the Portuguese State of India, Portuguese was used extensively, in government or in the education system. In addition to the official government media, it was also used by [[missionaries in their missions, although the [[Portuguese language]] coexisted with other languages. However, after the [[Operation Vijay (1961)|Indian invasion]] of Goa, Daman and Diu by the [[Indian Army]] in

title: Portuguese language

text: the personal infinitive, and the synthetic pluperfect. Mutual intelligibility (estimated at 90% by R. A. Hall, Jr., 1989) is excellent between Galicians and northern Portuguese. Many linguists consider Galician to be a co-dialect of the Portuguese language. Another member of the Galician-Portuguese group, most commonly thought of as a Galician dialect, is spoken in the Eonavian region in a western strip in Asturias and the westernmost parts of the provinces of León and Zamora, along the frontier with Galicia, between the Eo and Navia rivers (or more exactly Eo and Frexulfe rivers). It is called "eonaviego" or "gallego-asturiano" by its

title: Geographical distribution of Portuguese speakers

text: Geographical distribution of Portuguese speakers The article provides details and data regarding the geographical distribution of all Portuguese speakers, regardless of the legislative status of the countries where it's spoken. The Portuguese language is one of the most widely spoken languages of the world and it's an official language of countries in four continents. It is the most spoken language of Latin America. This table depicts the native speakers of the language, which means that the table includes people who have been exposed to the Portuguese language from birth and, thus, excludes people who use the language as a L2.

title: Spoken language

text: blocks are called phonemes. In both vocal and sign languages, words are grammatically and prosodically linked into phrases, clauses, and larger units of discourse. Hearing children acquire as their first language the language that is used around them, whether vocal, cued (if they are sighted) signed. Deaf children can do the same with Cued Speech or sign language if either visual communication system is used around them. Vocal language are traditionally taught to them in the same way that written language must be taught to hearing children. (See oralism.) Spoken language A spoken language is a language produced by articulate

title: Spoken language

text: is an innate human capability, and written language is a cultural invention. However some linguists, such as those of the Prague school, argue that written and spoken language possess distinct qualities which would argue against written language being dependent on spoken language for its existence. Both vocal and sign languages are composed of words. In vocal languages, words are made up from a limited set of vowels and consonants, and often tone. In sign languages, words are made up from a limited set of shapes, orientations, locations movements of the hands, and often facial expressions; in both cases, the building

title: Japanese: The Spoken Language

text: Japanese: The Spoken Language Japanese: The Spoken Language (JSL) is an introductory textbook series for learning Japanese. JSL was written by Eleanor Harz Jorden in collaboration with Mari Noda. "Part 1" was published in 1987 by Yale Language Press, "Part 2" in 1988, and "Part 3" in 1990. The series differs from most Japanese language textbooks in many ways, most basically in that it focuses exclusively on the spoken language and leaves discussion of any aspect of the written language to other textbooks, such as the parallel series "" (JWL). The textbook is controversial both among students of the language

title: Japanese: The Spoken Language

text: in instruction. Japanese: The Spoken Language Japanese: The Spoken Language (JSL) is an introductory textbook series for learning Japanese. JSL was written by Eleanor Harz Jorden in collaboration with Mari Noda. "Part 1" was published in 1987 by Yale Language Press, "Part 2" in 1988, and "Part 3" in 1990. The series differs from most Japanese language textbooks in many ways, most basically in that it focuses exclusively on the spoken language and leaves discussion of any aspect of the written language to other textbooks, such as the parallel series "" (JWL). The textbook is controversial both among students of

title: Portuguese language

text: third-most spoken European language in the world in terms of native speakers, and the most spoken language in the Southern Hemisphere. It is also the most spoken language in South America and the second-most spoken in Latin America after Spanish, one of the 10 most spoken languages in Africa and is an official language of the European Union, Mercosur, OAS, ECOWAS and the African Union. When the Romans arrived at the Iberian Peninsula in 216 B.C., they brought the Latin language with them, from which all Romance languages descend. The language was spread by Roman soldiers, settlers, and merchants, who

title: Tetum language

text: Tetum language Tetum (Portuguese), Tetun (Lian Tetun), is an Austronesian language spoken on the island of Timor. It is spoken in Belu Regency in Indonesian West Timor, and across the border in East Timor, where it is one of the two official languages. In East Timor Tetun Dili, or Tetun Prasa, is widely spoken fluently as a second language; without previous contact, the Tetum dialects and Tetun Dili are not immediately mutually intelligible, mainly because of the large number of Portuguese origin words used in Tetun Dili. Besides some grammatical simplification, Tetun Dili has been greatly influenced by the vocabulary

title: Language Spoken at Home

text: Language Spoken at Home Language Spoken at Home is a data set published by the United States Census Bureau on languages in the United States. It is based on a three-part language question asked about all household members who are five years old or older. The first part asks if the person speaks a language other than English at home. If the answer is 'yes,' the respondent is asked what that language is. The third part of the question asks how well the person speaks English ("Very well,' "Well," "not well," "Not at all"). The three-part question was first asked

title: Tetum language

text: by some Portuguese-educated Timorese, such as José Ramos-Horta and Carlos Filipe Ximenes Belo. Similar disagreements over nomenclature have emerged regarding the names of other languages, such as Swahili/Kiswahili and Punjabi/Panjabi. Tetum language Tetum (Portuguese), Tetun (Lian Tetun), is an Austronesian language spoken on the island of Timor. It is spoken in Belu Regency in Indonesian West Timor, and across the border in East Timor, where it is one of the two official languages. In East Timor Tetun Dili, or Tetun Prasa, is widely spoken fluently as a second language; without previous contact, the Tetum dialects and Tetun Dili are not

title: Language Spoken at Home

text: Voting Rights Act and to allocate funds for to schools for programs for English Language Learners. Federal and local governments, as well as non-governmental and private interests also use these statistics. Language Spoken at Home Language Spoken at Home is a data set published by the United States Census Bureau on languages in the United States. It is based on a three-part language question asked about all household members who are five years old or older. The first part asks if the person speaks a language other than English at home. If the answer is 'yes,' the respondent is asked

title: Portuguese language

text: of Latin during that time), which greatly enriched the lexicon. Most literate Portuguese speakers were also literate in Latin; and thus they easily adopted Latin words into their writing—and eventually speech—in Portuguese. Spanish author Miguel de Cervantes once called Portuguese "the sweet and gracious language", while the Brazilian poet Olavo Bilac described it as ("the last flower of Latium, rustic and beautiful"). Portuguese is also termed "the language of Camões", after Luís Vaz de Camões, one of the greatest literary figures in the Portuguese language and author of the Portuguese epic poem "Os Lusíadas". In March 2006, the Museum of

text: Community of Portuguese Language Countries The Community of Portuguese Language Countries (Portuguese: Comunidade dos Países de Língua Portuguesa; abbreviated as CPLP), occasionally known in English as the Lusophone Commonwealth, is an intergovernmental organization of Lusophone nations across four continents, where Portuguese is an official language, mostly of former colonies of the Portuguese Empire. The CPLP operates as a privileged multilateral forum for the mutual cooperation of the governments of its members, on both executive and ministerial levels, non-governmental organizations, and the various branches of the CPLP itself. CPLP is a multilateral forum created to deepen mutual friendship and cooperation among

title: Portuguese language

text: with varying amounts of Portuguese influence. As each of these pidgins became the mother tongue of succeeding generations, they evolved into fully fledged creole languages, which remained in use in many parts of Asia, Africa and South America until the 18th century. Some Portuguese-based or Portuguese-influenced creoles are still spoken today, by over 3 million people worldwide, especially people of partial Portuguese ancestry. Portuguese phonology is similar to those of languages such as French (especially that of Quebec), the Gallo-Italic languages, Occitan, Catalan and Franco-Provençal, unlike that of Spanish, which is similar to those of Sardinian and the Southern Italian

title: Daman and Diu Portuguese creole

text: Daman and Diu Portuguese creole The Daman and Diu Portuguese or Daman and Diu Indo-Portuguese, known to its speakers as Língua da Casa (Portuguese for "Home language"), is a Portuguese-based creole spoken in Daman and Diu. Before the Indian annexation of the territory, the Daman creole went through a profound decreolization by Standard Portuguese of Goa, a phenomenon whereby the Indo-Portuguese creole reconverged with Standard Portuguese. The Daman creole is a descendant of the Norteiro creole, spoken originally by the "Norteiros" on the Coast from Chaul, Baçaim, Bombay, Daman and Diu. The superstrate language is Portuguese. The substrate of the

title: Sri Lankan Portuguese creole

text: Sri Lankan Portuguese creole Sri Lanka Indo-Portuguese, Ceylonese Portuguese Creole or Sri Lankan Portuguese Creole (SLPC) is a language spoken in Sri Lanka. While the predominant languages of the island are Sinhala and Tamil, the interaction of the Portuguese and the Sri Lankans led to the evolution of a new language, Sri Lanka Portuguese Creole (SLPC), which flourished as a "lingua franca" on the island for over 350 years (16th to mid-19th centuries). SLPC continues to be spoken by an unknown, extremely small population. All speakers of SLPC are members of the Burgher community: descendents of the Portuguese and Dutch

title: Daman and Diu Portuguese creole

text: Daman creole is likely to be Konkani. Gujarati has also been suggested as a possible substrate, but this is doubtful, since the Gujarati people moved into the region only "after" the Portuguese arrived. The Diu Indo-Portuguese or Diu Portuguese is spoken in Diu, India. It is a creole language based mainly on Portuguese and Gujarati. It is a member of the larger family of Indo-Portuguese creoles, particularly close to the variety of Daman. There is a considerably vital oral tradition in this language, with songs regularly performed in Diu, elsewhere in India and among Indo-Portuguese communities abroad. Widely spoken in

title: Sri Lankan Portuguese creole

text: [[Category:Dutch Ceylon]] [[nl:Ceylons-Nederlands]] Sri Lankan Portuguese creole Sri Lanka Indo-Portuguese, Ceylonese Portuguese Creole or Sri Lankan Portuguese Creole (SLPC) is a language spoken in Sri Lanka. While the predominant languages of the island are Sinhala and Tamil, the interaction of the Portuguese and the Sri Lankans led to the evolution of a new language, Sri Lanka Portuguese Creole (SLPC), which flourished as a "lingua franca" on the island for over 350 years (16th to mid-19th centuries). SLPC continues to be spoken by an unknown, extremely small population. All speakers of SLPC are members of the Burgher community: descendents of the

title: Daman and Diu Portuguese creole

text: the past, it was first documented in the 19th century by the initiative of Hugo Schuchardt. At present, the language is spoken natively by most of the local Catholics, numbering about 180, but is potentially endangered by the pressure of other languages such as Gujarati, English and standard Portuguese. The Portuguese heritage in Daman is more common and lively than in Goa and this helped to keep the language alive. The language is spoken by an estimated number of 2,000 Damanese. However, the Damanese Portuguese-Indian Association says that there are 10– 12,000 Portuguese speakers in the territory of 110,000 residents.

title: Portuguese language

text: and the transborder region of the natural park of Peneda-Gerês/Xurês. It is "considered a rarity, a living vestige of the medieval language that ranged from Cantabria to Mondego [...]". As reported by UNESCO, due to the pressure of the Spanish language on the standard official version of the Galician language, the Galician language was on the verge of disappearing. According to the Unesco philologist Tapani Salminen, the proximity to Portuguese protects Galician. Nevertheless, the core vocabulary and grammar of Galician are still noticeably closer to Portuguese than to those of Spanish. In particular, like Portuguese, it uses the future subjunctive,

title: Asturleonese language

text: Republic as a co-official language along with Portuguese for local matters, and it is taught in public schools in the areas where Mirandese is natively spoken. Initially thought to be a basilect of Portuguese, José Leite de Vasconcelos studied Mirandese and concluded it was a separate language from Portuguese. Given the low social and political acceptance of referring to the language in Asturias as Leonese, and the one in other parts of the domain (such as León or Zamora) as Asturian, (even though it is virtually the same language) a significant part of the authors and specialists prefer to refer

title: Portuguese language

text: Spanish is highly asymmetrically comprehensible to Portuguese speakers. Given that Portuguese has a larger phonemic inventory than Spanish, Portuguese is still considerably intelligible (if spoken slowly and without jargon) to most Spanish speakers, owing to their genealogical proximity and shared genealogical history as West Iberian (Ibero-Romance languages), historical contact between speakers and mutual influence, shared areal features as well as modern lexical, structural, and grammatical similarity (89%) between them. "Portunhol", a form of code-switching, has a more lively use and is more readily mentioned in popular culture in South America. Said code-switching is not to be confused with the "portunhol"

title: Tetum language

text: at that time the most powerful kingdom in the island. The Portuguese (present in Timor from c. 1556) made most of their settlements in the west, where Dawan was spoken, and it was not until 1769, when the capital was moved from Lifau (Oecussi) to Dili that they began to promote Tetum as an inter-regional language in their colony. Timor was one of the few Portuguese colonies where a local language, and not a form of Portuguese, became the lingua franca: this is because Portuguese rule was indirect rather than direct, the Europeans governing through local kings who embraced Catholicism

title: Korlai Portuguese creole

text: Korlai Portuguese creole Korlai Indo-Portuguese is a creole language based on Portuguese, spoken by some 1,000 Luso-Indian Christians in an isolated area around the village of Korlai in Raigad District of Maharashtra state, India. It is located between Goa and Daman. It has vigorous use and it is also known as Kristi ("Christian"), Korlai Creole Portuguese, Korlai Portuguese, or "Nou Ling" ("our language" in the language itself). The village of Korlai lies on the mouth of Kundalika River, across from the ruins of a large Portuguese fort, which is located in Revdanda. Until the 20th century, Korlai, its Christian inhabitants,

title: Galician-Portuguese

text: who argue that both are dialects of a common language rather than two separate ones. The Fala language, spoken in a small region of the Spanish autonomous community of Extremadura, underwent a similar development as Galician. Today Galician is the regional language of Galicia (sharing co-officiality with Spanish), and it is spoken by the majority of its but with a large decline of use and efficient knowledge among the younger generations, and the phonetics and lexicon of many occasional users is heavily influenced by Spanish. Portuguese continues to grow and, today, is the sixth most spoken language in the world.

title: European Portuguese

text: of Portuguese Language Countries (CPLP). There are also immigrant communities in France and Germany. The Galician language, spoken in the Autonomous Community of Galicia in Spain, is very closely related to Portuguese. There is, as yet, no consensus among writers and linguists on whether Galician and Portuguese are still the same language (in fact they were for many centuries, Galician-Portuguese having developed in the region of the former Roman province of Gallaecia, from the Vulgar Latin that had been introduced by Roman soldiers, colonists and magistrates during the time of the Roman Empire) or distinct yet closely related languages. Galicia

title: Bora language

text: facilitated more text books so that speakers can be taught to read and write in their own language, rescuing it from extinction due to the prevalence of Spanish and Portuguese in the regions where it is spoken. All vowels have long forms. Bora demonstrates contrastive vowel length. Bora language Bora is an indigenous language of South America spoken in the western region of Amazon rainforest. Bora is a tonal language which, other than the Ticuna language, is a unique trait in the region. The majority of its speakers reside in Peru and Colombia. Around 2,328 Bora speakers live in the

title: Korlai Portuguese creole

text: and its language were relatively isolated from the Marathi-speaking Hindus and Muslims surrounding them. Since 1986, there is a bridge across the Kundalika River, because of which industry has now moved into the area. What is known about the history and the grammar of "No Ling" can be found in the 1996 book "The Genesis of a Language: Formation and Development of Korlai Portuguese" written by J. Clancy Clements. Song of Korlai: Portuguese translation: English translation: Korlai Portuguese creole Korlai Indo-Portuguese is a creole language based on Portuguese, spoken by some 1,000 Luso-Indian Christians in an isolated area around the

title: Daman and Diu Portuguese creole

text: Sunday Mass is celebrated in Portuguese. Besides the "lingua da casa", Gujarati and Portuguese are also found in the territory. Daman and Diu Portuguese creole The Daman and Diu Portuguese or Daman and Diu Indo-Portuguese, known to its speakers as Língua da Casa (Portuguese for "Home language"), is a Portuguese-based creole spoken in Daman and Diu. Before the Indian annexation of the territory, the Daman creole went through a profound decreolization by Standard Portuguese of Goa, a phenomenon whereby the Indo-Portuguese creole reconverged with Standard Portuguese. The Daman creole is a descendant of the Norteiro creole, spoken originally by the

title: Tetum language

text: and to a small extent by the grammar of Portuguese, the other official language of East Timor. Tetum has four dialects: "Tetun-Belu" and "Tetun-Terik" are not spoken outside their home territories. "Tetun-Prasa" is the form of Tetum that is spoken throughout East Timor. Although Portuguese was the official language of Portuguese Timor until 1975, "Tetun-Prasa" has always been the predominant "lingua franca" in the eastern part of the island. In the fifteenth century, before the arrival of the Portuguese, Tetum had spread through central and eastern Timor as a contact language under the aegis of the Belunese-speaking Kingdom of Wehali,

title: Portuguese language in Africa

text: awareness of Portuguese as an African language. As a literary language, Portuguese has a strong role in the PALOP. Authors such as Luandino Vieira, Mia Couto, Pepetela, Lopito Feijóo, Luis Kandjimbo, Manuel Rui or Ondjaki have made valuable contributions to lusophone literature, prompting an African scent and ideas to the language and creating a place for the Portuguese language in the African imaginary. Portuguese is the language of journalism, which serves as a vehicle for the dissemination of the language. Literacy being an issue, radio serves as an important source of information for Lusophone Africans. BBC Para África, RFI and

title: Portuguese language

text: grammar of Portuguese is the verb. Morphologically, more verbal inflections from classical Latin have been preserved by Portuguese than by any other major Romance language. Portuguese and Spanish share very similar grammar. Portuguese also has some grammatical innovations not found in other Romance languages (except Galician and Fala): Portuguese is written with 26 letters of the Latin script, making use of five diacritics to denote stress, vowel height, contraction, nasalization, and etymological assibilation (acute accent, circumflex, grave accent, tilde, and cedilla). The trema was also formerly used in Brazilian Portuguese, and can still be encountered in words derived from proper

title: Portuguese language

text: missionary activity in Japan. Building on the work of earlier Portuguese missionaries, the "Dictionarium Anamiticum, Lusitanum et Latinum" (Annamite–Portuguese–Latin dictionary) of Alexandre de Rhodes (1651) introduced the modern orthography of Vietnamese, which is based on the orthography of 17th-century Portuguese. The Romanization of Chinese was also influenced by the Portuguese language (among others), particularly regarding Chinese surnames; one example is "Mei". During 1583–88 Italian Jesuits Michele Ruggieri and Matteo Ricci created a Portuguese–Chinese dictionary—the first ever European–Chinese dictionary. For instance, as Portuguese merchants were presumably the first to introduce the sweet orange in Europe, in several modern Indo-European languages the

title: Caló language

text: Caló language Caló (; ; ; ) is a language spoken by the Spanish and Portuguese Romani. It is a mixed language (referred to as a Para-Romani language in Romani linguistics) based on Romance grammar, with an adstratum of Romani lexical items through language shift by the Romani community. It is often used as an argot, a secret language for discreet communication amongst Iberian Romani. Catalan, Galician, Portuguese, and Spanish are closely related varieties that share a common root. Spanish caló, or Spanish Romani, was originally known as . Portuguese , or Portuguese Romani, also goes by the term ;