query: who was governor of texas in 2003?

title: Governor of Texas

text: 20th centuries ever served more than seven and a half consecutive years in office (Allan Shivers) or eight years total service (Bill Clements, in two non-consecutive four-year terms). Former Governor Rick Perry, who served from 2000 to 2015, has now surpassed both these records, becoming the first Texas governor to serve three consecutive terms. When Perry won the general election on November 2, 2010, he joined Shivers, Price Daniel, and John Connally as the only Texas governors elected to three terms (the terms served by Governors Shivers, Daniel, and Connally were 2 year terms). In case of a vacancy in

title: 2003 Texas redistricting

text: during the 2000 national elections. Simultaneously, as has been well documented in the media, DeLay played a key role in the ongoing Texas redistricting effort. In 2002, after winning a majority of seats in the State House of Representatives, Republicans gained complete control of the legislature. With the urging of Governor Rick Perry and Tom Delay, who had assumed the position of US House Majority Leader in January 2003, the Republican majority introduced legislation to redraw the court-drawn districts from 2001. Lacking sufficient votes to stop the new plan, 52 Democratic members fled the state to prevent a quorum in

title: 2003 Texas redistricting

text: the Texas House, effectively preventing a vote from taking place during the regular session. The 52 Democrats, known as the "Killer Ds", returned to the state when time had expired for the bill. But in the summer of 2003, Governor Rick Perry called a series of special legislative sessions in order to continue the redistricting effort. With control of more than one-third of the seats in the State Senate, the Democrats invoked a two-thirds rule, preventing a vote on the redistricting plan during the first special session. Half an hour after ending the first special session, Governor Perry called a

title: 2003 Texas redistricting

text: Republicans had recaptured the state executive branch, having elected Governor George W. Bush and Lt. Governor Rick Perry, as well as control of the Texas Senate. Democrats maintained their majority in the Texas House of Representatives. In 2001, Democrats and Republicans were unable to agree on new district maps to respond to the latest census. The Republican minority recommended the issue be submitted to a panel of judges, per state law. The judges, being "hesitant to undo the work of one political party for the benefit of another", drew a new map which left many of the 1991 districts intact.

title: Defense of Marriage Act (Texas)

text: Defense of Marriage Act (Texas) The Texas Defence of Marriage Act is an act that specifies that US State of Texas does not recognise same-sex marriage or civil union. The statute was enacted in 2003, it made void in Texas any same-sex marriage or civil union. This statute also prohibits the state or any agency or political subdivision of the state from giving effect to same-sex marriages or civil unions performed in other jurisdictions. The act was signed by Governor Rick Perry in 2003. Subsequently Texas Proposition 2 (2005) wrote similar restrictions into the state constitution. Early appeals based on

title: LGBT history in Texas

text: Georgia federal case which criminalized sodomy as a non-private act, and SCOTUS refused to hear appeal regarding "Baker v Wade". In 1997, the Texas legislature prohibited the issuance of marriage licenses to same-sex couples. The 1999 state Supreme Court case "Littleton v. Prange" annulled transsexual marriages in the state. In 2001, Governor Rick Perry signed the James Byrd Jr. Hate Crimes Act, which criminalized violent or coercive action against other Texas residents on various immutable traits, including sexual orientation. Gender identity was not included in this legislation. The 2003 landmark decision by the Supreme Court of the United States in

title: Lieutenant Governor of Texas

text: separately from the Governor, rather than on the same ticket; it is therefore possible for the Governor and Lieutenant Governor to be from different political parties (which was the case during Governor George W. Bush's first term and also during Bill Clements's two non-consecutive terms). The Lieutenant Governor becomes Governor if the elected Governor resigns, dies or is removed from office via impeachment and conviction. Former Governor Rick Perry took office upon George W. Bush's resignation on December 21, 2000. Bush became US President on January 20, 2001. When Perry became lieutenant governor on 19 January 1999, he became the

title: Texas Legislature

text: Only the governor may call the Legislature into special sessions, unlike other states where the legislature may call itself into session. The governor may call as many sessions as he or she desires. For example, Governor Rick Perry called three consecutive sessions to address the 2003 Texas congressional redistricting. The Texas Constitution limits the duration of each special session to 30 days; lawmakers may consider only those issues designated by the governor in his "call," or proclamation convening the special session (though other issues may be added by the Governor during a session). Any bill passed by the Legislature takes

title: 2002 Texas gubernatorial election

text: His second inauguration for a first full four-year term began on January 21, 2003 on the Texas State Capitol South Grounds. Incumbent Rick Perry ascended to the governorship of Texas on December 21, 2000 following the resignation of then-Gov. George W. Bush, who had been elected President of the United States. Perry had been elected Lieutenant Governor of Texas in 1998 and previously elected Texas Commissioner of Agriculture in 1990 and 1994 including three terms in the Texas House of Representatives in 1984, 1986 and 1988. He successfully ran for a full four-year term in 2002. Perry had an ongoing

title: Days of Prayer for Rain in the State of Texas

text: Days of Prayer for Rain in the State of Texas The Days of Prayer for Rain in the State of Texas was a designated period from Friday, April 22, 2011, to Sunday, April 24, 2011, during which Texas governor Rick Perry asked that Texans pray for "the healing of our land [Texas]" and for an end to the drought. The governor noted that in the past, Texans "have been strengthened, assured and lifted up through prayer", and that he thus believed prayer to be an appropriate measure to address the drought. Perry designated the Days of Prayer in a gubernatorial

title: Effects of Hurricane Ike in Texas

text: 4.5 million customers) for weeks or months. Some people survived by punching holes in attics, climbing to rooftops or trees, using nearby boats, or floating on debris until reaching solid ground. Afterward, an estimated 100,000 homes had been flooded in Texas, and numerous boats washed ashore. Galveston was declared uninhabitable, and Houston imposed a week-long nighttime curfew due to limited electric power. On September 8, Texas State Governor Rick Perry declared 88 Texas state counties a disaster area in preparation for Hurricane Ike, expected to hit the Texas coast as early as Saturday morning, which included placing 7,500 Texas Military

title: 2014 Texas gubernatorial election

text: 2014 Texas gubernatorial election The 2014 Texas gubernatorial election was held on November 4, 2014 to elect the Governor of Texas. Incumbent Republican Governor Rick Perry, who had served since the resignation of then-Governor George W. Bush on December 21, 2000, declined to run for an unprecedented fourth full term, making this the first open election for governor since 1990. The election took place between nominees who were selected on March 4, 2014: Republican State Attorney General Greg Abbott and Democratic State Senator Wendy Davis. Also on the ballot were Libertarian Party candidate Kathie Glass and Green Party candidate Brandon

title: Paint Creek, Texas

text: Paint Creek, Texas Paint Creek is an unincorporated community in southeast Haskell County, Texas, United States, in north central Texas. Paint Creek is named after the nearby stream, which Stamford Dam impounds 8 miles to the east of the community to form Lake Stamford. In 2011, press reports indicated Haskell County had a population of 5,899, down from about 14,000 in 1950. It is the hometown of 14th United States Secretary of Energy, former Governor of Texas and two time U.S. Presidential candidate Rick Perry, who served as Texas' 47th governor and the longest-serving governor in Texas history. The Paint

title: Governor of Texas

text: the office of governor, the lieutenant governor becomes governor. This rule was added only in a 1999 amendment, prior to which the lieutenant governor only acted as governor, except during the time of the 1861 constitution, which said that the lieutenant governor would be styled "Governor of the State of Texas" in case of vacancy. Governor of Texas The Governor of Texas is the head of the executive branch of Texas's government and the commander-in-chief of the state's military forces. The governor has the power to either approve or veto bills passed by the Texas Legislature, and to convene the

title: Governor of Texas

text: Governor of Texas The Governor of Texas is the head of the executive branch of Texas's government and the commander-in-chief of the state's military forces. The governor has the power to either approve or veto bills passed by the Texas Legislature, and to convene the legislature. The governor may grant pardons in cases other than impeachment (but only when recommended by the Board of Pardons and Paroles) or in the case of treason, with permission by the legislature. The current Governor is Greg Abbott. The state's first constitution in 1845 established the office of governor, to serve for two years,

title: Lieutenant Governor of Texas

text: Lieutenant Governor of Texas The Lieutenant Governor of Texas is the second-highest executive office in the government of Texas, a state in the U.S. It is the second most powerful post in Texas government because its occupant controls the work of the Texas Senate and controls the budgeting process as a leader of the Legislative Budget Board. Under the provisions of the Texas Constitution, the Lieutenant Governor is President of the Texas Senate. Unlike with most other states' senates and the U.S. Senate, the Lieutenant Governor regularly exercises this function rather than delegating it to the president pro tempore or

title: Lieutenant Governor of Texas

text: first Republican since Albert Jennings Fountain in 1873 to serve as lieutenant governor, and the first Republican to be elected as Lieutenant Governor since James W. Flanagan in 1869. Texas is one of the few states that vests significant power in the office of lieutenant governor, making it among the most influential. By contrast, the lieutenant governor position in other states has few (if any) legislative responsibilities, akin to the Vice President of the United States. The consequence is that the Governor of Texas is weaker than other states' governors. Lieutenant Governor of Texas The Lieutenant Governor of Texas is

title: Lieutenant Governor of Texas

text: in this way retains his district seat and the voting privileges entailed with his Senate election. The Lieutenant Governor is sworn-in on the third Tuesday every four years, the same as the Governor. Dan Patrick has been the Lieutenant Governor of Texas since January 20, 2015. The term of office was two years from 1846 to 1972. Voters then increased it to four years, effective for the 1974 election. The Lieutenant Governor assumes the powers of the Governor of Texas when the governor is out of the state or otherwise unable to discharge the office. The Lieutenant Governor is elected

title: Governor of Texas

text: states with no gubernatorial term limit. The present constitution of 1876 shortened terms back to two years, but a 1972 amendment increased it again to four years. The gubernatorial election is held every four years on the first Tuesday after the first Monday in November and does not coincide with the presidential elections. The governor is sworn in on the third Tuesday of January every four years along with the lieutenant governor, so Abbott and current Lieutenant Governor Dan Patrick both took office on January 20, 2015. Despite the lack of term limits, no Texas governor in the 19th or

title: Manuel Muñoz (Governor of Spanish Texas)

text: that moment, Bustamante was commanding a war against the Apaches and he could not attend to his duties as governor, so Munoz continued governing Texas "until further notice". In March of that year, Cordero sent a letter saying that he had been appointed lieutenant governor of Nuevo Santander, and that therefore he could not govern Texas. Finally, a year and a half later, in June 1798 José Irigoyen was appointed interim governor, but also did not serve. Elguézabal finally took the position. Muñoz died on July 27, 1798, in San Antonio. Manuel Muñoz (Governor of Spanish Texas) Manuel Muñoz (1730–

title: Preston Smith (governor)

text: Preston Smith (governor) Preston Earnest Smith (March 7, 1912 October 18, 2003) was the 40th Governor of Texas from 1969 to 1973, who previously served as the lieutenant governor from 1963 to 1969. Smith was born into a tenant farming family of thirteen children in Williamson County near the capital city of Austin. The family later moved to Lamesa in Dawson County on the Texas South Plains, where Smith graduated in 1928 from Lamesa High School. He thereafter graduated from Texas Technological College (now Texas Tech University) in Lubbock and built a movie theater business by the middle 1940s. Smith

title: Lieutenant Governor of Texas

text: The Lieutenant Governor is also a member of the Legislative Redistricting Board (together with the Speaker of the House, Attorney General, Comptroller, and Land Commissioner), which is charged with adopting a redistricting plan for the Texas House of Representatives, Texas Senate, or U.S. House of Representatives after the decennial census if the Legislature fails to do so. In the case of a vacancy in the Lieutenant Governor's office, the Senate elects one of its members to act as "President of the Senate" until the next statewide office election, in effect becoming the Lieutenant Governor. A Senator elected as presiding officer

text: Manuel Muñoz (Governor of Spanish Texas) Manuel Muñoz (1730– July 27, 1798) was a soldier, colonel and governor of Texas between 1790 and 1798. Muñoz was born in 1730, probably in Matamoros, a city of Castile-La Mancha, Spain. He joined the Royal Spanish Army in his youth where he ascended the ranks, serving as Captain in the Spanish Army. In 1759, Manuel temporarily settled in Texas as the first commander of the newly formed "Presidio del Norte". The following year, when the Presidio was attacked by Apache Native Americans, Muñoz aided in the repelling of the attack. Later, in 1775,

title: 2003 Governor General's Awards

text: 2003 Governor General's Awards The 2003 Governor General's Awards for Literary Merit: Finalists in 14 categories (70 books) were announced October 20, the four children's literature winners announced and presented November 10, other winners announced and presented November 12. Each winner received a cheque for $15,000. The separate announcement and presentation of children's literature awards – four, recognizing text and illustration in English- and French-language books – was a novelty in 2003 (continued for at least a few years). The event at Rideau Hall, the Governor General's residence in Ottawa, was scheduled to begin at 10:00 on a Monday morning.

title: Henry Smith (Texas governor)

text: Henry Smith (Texas governor) Henry Smith (May 20, 1788 – March 4, 1851) was the first American-born Governor of the Mexican territory of Texas and briefly presided over the revolution there, serving during the Battle of the Alamo, Battle of Goliad, and Battle of San Jacinto. He is one of 4 governors (three governors of Kentucky, one governor of Texas) from Garrard County, Kentucky, a historically Whig and Republican county located in Kentucky's Bluegrass region. Smith was born the tenth and last child of James and Magdalen (Woods) Smith of Bryantsville, Garrard County. At the age of 21, he became

title: Preston Smith (governor)

text: Mark White in the gubernatorial race, Smith cast his ballot for Ronald Reagan and Bill Clements, respectively. Smith died in Lubbock. He is interred with his wife, the former Ima Mae Smith (1911-1998), at the Texas State Cemetery in Austin. Preston Smith (governor) Preston Earnest Smith (March 7, 1912 October 18, 2003) was the 40th Governor of Texas from 1969 to 1973, who previously served as the lieutenant governor from 1963 to 1969. Smith was born into a tenant farming family of thirteen children in Williamson County near the capital city of Austin. The family later moved to Lamesa in

title: Henry Smith (Texas governor)

text: Harriet died in 1820. In 1822, Smith married Harriet's sister, Elizabeth; they had five daughters: Harriet G., Jane, Sarah, Emily and Sophronia. They moved to Texas in 1827, where Elizabeth died of cholera in 1833. In 1839, Smith married Elizabeth's twin Sarah. They had one daughter Elizabeth. Sarah died in Liberty, Texas in 1863. Henry Smith (Texas governor) Henry Smith (May 20, 1788 – March 4, 1851) was the first American-born Governor of the Mexican territory of Texas and briefly presided over the revolution there, serving during the Battle of the Alamo, Battle of Goliad, and Battle of San Jacinto.

title: 2003 Governor General's Awards

text: "Children from across the National Capital Region will be invited to attend the event, which will also include readings and workshops related to children's literature." 2003 Governor General's Awards The 2003 Governor General's Awards for Literary Merit: Finalists in 14 categories (70 books) were announced October 20, the four children's literature winners announced and presented November 10, other winners announced and presented November 12. Each winner received a cheque for $15,000. The separate announcement and presentation of children's literature awards – four, recognizing text and illustration in English- and French-language books – was a novelty in 2003 (continued for at

text: ordered him to avoid the entrance of people from the then United States (East of the modern United States) to Texas. They believed the government of United States wanted to send people to Texas to promote a rebellion against the government. However, in 1796, Muñoz fell ill and asked King Philip IV for permission to resign as governor. While Muñoz awaited the king's decision, Juan Bautista Elguézabal was selected to help Muñoz. In January 1797, Muñoz received news that the governor of Coahuila, (Mexico), Manuel Antonio Cordero y Bustamante, had been chosen by the king as his successor. However, at

title: 2003 Texas A&M Aggies football team

text: 2003 Texas A&M Aggies football team The 2003 Texas A&M Aggies football team represented Texas A&M University in the college football season of 2003. The team's head football coach was Dennis Franchione. 2003 was the first year for Franchione who resigned from Alabama in late 2002. Franchione, known for his history of turning struggling football programs around, replaced R. C. Slocum who was fired after a mediocre 6–6 season in 2002. Franchione brought the majority of his coaching staff with him to College Station. Strength and conditioning coach Ben Pollard declined an offer to go to College Station and elected

title: 2003 Texas A&M Aggies football team

text: to remain at Alabama. Franchione signed a contract that was set to pay him a yearly salary of US$1.7 million through 2010. The Aggies finished the 2003 season with a 4–8 record, including a nationally televised 77–0 loss to Oklahoma, the worst loss in A&M's history. The season also marked the first losing season for the Aggies in 21 years. 2003 Texas A&M Aggies football team The 2003 Texas A&M Aggies football team represented Texas A&M University in the college football season of 2003. The team's head football coach was Dennis Franchione. 2003 was the first year for Franchione who

title: 2003 Texas redistricting

text: of negotiating sessions, DeLay personally shuttled proposed maps among House and Senate offices in Austin." "Texas Monthly" editor Paul Burka, writing in the magazine's May 2006 issue, characterized the measure as "DeLay's midcensus congressional redistricting plan" and said, "[I]n order to increase his Republican majority in Congress, he [DeLay] resorted to a midcensus redistricting plan." At the time of the 2003 redistricting, Texas was under the pre-clearance requirements of Section 5 of the Voting Rights Act of 1965. The State of Texas obtained pre-clearance from the US Department of Justice for its 2003 Congressional redistricting plan. But in December 2005,

title: 2003 Texas redistricting

text: 2003 Texas redistricting The 2003 Texas redistricting refers to a controversial mid-decade state plan that defined new Congressional districts. In the 2004 elections, this redistricting resulted in the Republicans taking a majority of Texas's House seats for the first time since Reconstruction. Opponents challenged the plan in three suits, combined when the case went to the United States Supreme Court in "League of United Latin American Citizens v. Perry" (2006). On June 28, 2006, the Supreme Court upheld the statewide redistricting as constitutional, with the exception of Texas' 23rd congressional district, which it held was racially gerrymandered in violation of

title: 2003 Texas redistricting

title: The Texas Chainsaw Massacre (2003 film)

text: The Texas Chainsaw Massacre (2003 film) The Texas Chainsaw Massacre is a 2003 American slasher film directed by Marcus Nispel, written by Scott Kosar, and starring Jessica Biel, Jonathan Tucker, Erica Leerhsen, R. Lee Ermey, Mike Vogel, and Eric Balfour. Its plot follows a group of young adults traveling through rural Texas who encounter Leatherface and his murderous family. It is a remake of Tobe Hooper's 1974 film of the same name, and the fifth installment in "The Texas Chainsaw Massacre" franchise. Several crew members of the original film were involved with the project: Hooper and writer Kim Henkel served

title: 2003 Texas's 19th congressional district special election

text: Conaway, the Chairman of the Texas Board of Public Accountancy, despite the latter's connections to then-President and former Governor of Texas George W. Bush. 2003 Texas's 19th congressional district special election The 2003 United States House of Representatives special election in Texas's 19th congressional district was held on June 3, 2003 to select the successor to Larry Combest (R) who resigned to spend more time with his family. In accordance with Texas law, the special election was officially nonpartisan. On May 3, seventeen candidates, including eleven Republicans, competed on the same ballot. However, as no candidate was able to achieve

title: Texas Department of Criminal Justice

text: were donated to the Wayne Scott Unit in Brazoria County, Texas and it was discovered the boxes contained 540 packages of cocaine, which at the time held a street value of $17,820,000 USD. The Texas Board of Criminal Justice oversees the TDCJ. The board selects the executive director, who manages the TDCJ. The members of the board are appointed by the Governor of Texas. The department encompasses the following major divisions: The Correctional Institutions Division, which operates secure correctional facilities for adults, has its headquarters in the BOT Complex in Huntsville. TDCJ-CID, formed in 2003, was a merger of the

text: he participated in the war between the troops of Colonel Hugo Oconór and the American Indians, commanding the troops of Nueva Vizcaya. Due to his leadership during the war, Muñoz was appointed Lieutenant Colonel in 1777 and Colonel in 1780. In the 1770s and 1780s, Muñoz won several stalls along the Rio Grande and did businesses with the Mescalero Apaches and carried out several campaigns against the renegades of the border. In 1790, Muñoz became governor of Texas. In 1792, at the same time that the Count of Sierra investigated his management, Muñoz served as Acting governor. The following year,

title: Governor of Tennessee

text: toward the two-term limit. Governor William Blount served from 1790 to 1796, when Tennessee was known as the Southwest Territory. He was replaced by John Sevier, the state's first governor. Other notable governors include Willie Blount (William's half-brother), Sam Houston (better known for his role as the President of the Republic of Texas), and future U.S Presidents James K. Polk and Andrew Johnson. Governor of Tennessee The Governor of Tennessee is the head of government of the U.S. state of Tennessee. The governor is the only official in Tennessee state government who is directly elected by the voters of the

title: History of slavery in Texas

text: slave who crossed the Sabine River into Texas would be automatically freed. For a time, many slaves ran away to Texas. Free blacks also emigrated to Texas. Most escaped slaves joined friendly American Indian tribes, but others settled in the East Texas forests. When some French and Spanish slaveholders moved to Texas, they were allowed to retain their slaves. In 1809, the Commandant General of the Interior Provinces, Nemesio Salcedo, ordered the Texas-Louisiana border to be closed to everyone, regardless of ethnic background. His nephew, governor of Texas Manuel María de Salcedo, interpreted the order as allowing slaveholders from the

title: Lieutenant Governor of Pennsylvania

text: Gap) for its lieutenant governor. Constructed in 1940 and previously the governor's "summer residence", it became available for Pennsylvania's lieutenant governor in 1968 when the current governor's residence was completed in Harrisburg. , six former U.S. Lieutenant Governors of Pennsylvania were alive, the oldest being Robert C. Jubelirer (served 2001–2003, born 1937). The most recent death of a former U.S. lieutenant governor of Pennsylvania was that of Ernest P. Kline (served 1971–1979, born 1929), on May 13, 2009. The most recently serving lieutenant governor to die was Catherine Baker Knoll (2003-2008), who died in office on November 12, 2008. From

title: Lieutenant Governor of California

text: help the Governor – who is subject to a greater degree of voter scrutiny – to implement his or her policies, but that is unlikely. In 2003, although Lt. Governor Cruz Bustamante and Governor Gray Davis were both Democrats, they reportedly had an icy relationship and had not spoken in months before the 2003 California recall election approached. Bustamante's decision to run in the recall election was controversial, as many supporters of Governor Davis had urged prominent Democrats not to run, in an attempt to undermine the legitimacy of the event. Despite being the second highest-ranking office in California, the

title: Víctor Blanco (governor)

text: He later fought in the Mexican–American War (1846–48). The time and place of his death are unknown. Víctor Blanco (governor) Víctor Blanco was a Mexican official and politician who served as Governor of Coahuila y Tejas (Coahuila and Texas) from 1826-1827. He also served as alternate deputy of Coahuila (1823), Vice Governor of Texas (1827) and Senator in the Mexican Congress (1833-1835). He also fought in the Mexican–American War (1846–1848). Victor Blanco was a citizen of Monclova, Coahuila, Mexico and was brother-in-law of Ramón Músquiz, a governor of Mexican Texas. On September 8, 1823, he became the alternate deputy of

title: Víctor Blanco (governor)

text: Víctor Blanco (governor) Víctor Blanco was a Mexican official and politician who served as Governor of Coahuila y Tejas (Coahuila and Texas) from 1826-1827. He also served as alternate deputy of Coahuila (1823), Vice Governor of Texas (1827) and Senator in the Mexican Congress (1833-1835). He also fought in the Mexican–American War (1846–1848). Victor Blanco was a citizen of Monclova, Coahuila, Mexico and was brother-in-law of Ramón Músquiz, a governor of Mexican Texas. On September 8, 1823, he became the alternate deputy of the provincial deputation of Coahuila. He appointed Samuel May Williams as an agent to help him select

title: Governor of Maryland

text: the famous novel by George Orwell, "Nineteen Eighty-Four". As of 2015, Maryland has yet to have been served by a female Governor. However, women were the runners-up in four gubernatorial elections (in 1974, 1994, 1998, and 2002), three Republicans and one Democrat. In addition, one woman has served as the Lieutenant Governor, Kathleen Kennedy Townsend, under Democratic Gov. Parris Glendening from 1995 to 2003. Another woman, Kristen Cox, who was the Secretary of Disabilities, unsuccessfully ran for Lieutenant Governor as the running mate of then incumbent Republican Governor Robert Ehrlich, when the Lieutenant Governor at that time, Michael Steele, left

title: Texas House Bill 588

text: Texas House Bill 588 Texas House Bill 588, commonly referred to as the "Top 10% Rule", is a Texas law passed in 1997. It was signed into law by then governor George W. Bush on May 20, 1997. The law guarantees Texas students who graduated in the top ten percent of their high school class automatic admission to all state-funded universities. The bill was created as a means to avoid the stipulations from the "Hopwood v. Texas" appeals court case banning the use of affirmative action. The Supreme Court ruled in Grutter v. Bollinger (2003) that affirmative action in college

title: 2003 Texas redistricting

text: It yielded a 17 to 15 Democratic majority in Texas's US House delegation after the 2002 elections. For Texas House and Senate redistricting, the Texas Constitution provides that the Legislative Redistricting Board (LRB) convenes when the state legislature is unable to approve, for either body, a redistricting plan in the first legislative session following the National Census. In June 2001, the task of redistricting passed to the LRB after the state legislature failed to pass a redistricting plan for either the House or Senate. The LRB consists of five statewide officials, the Lieutenant Governor, the Speaker of the House, the

title: History of Texas

text: Caddo threatened the remaining Spaniards, who soon abandoned the fledgling missions and returned to Coahuila. For the next 20 years, Spain again ignored Texas. After a failed attempt to convince Spanish authorities to reestablish missions in Texas, in 1711 Franciscan missionary Francisco Hidalgo approached the French governor of Louisiana for help. The French governor sent representatives to meet with Hidalgo. This concerned Spanish authorities, who ordered the reoccupation of Texas as a buffer between New Spain and French settlements in Louisiana. In 1716, four missions and a presidio were established in East Texas. Accompanying the soldiers were the first recorded

title: 2003 Texas Tech Red Raiders football team

text: 2003 Texas Tech Red Raiders football team The 2003 Texas Tech Red Raiders football team represented Texas Tech University in the Big 12 Conference (Big 12) during the 2003 NCAA Division I-A football season. In their fourth season under head coach Mike Leach, the Red Raiders compiled an 8–5 record (4–4 against Big 12 opponents), finished in fourth place in Southern Division of the Big 12, defeated Navy in the 2003 Houston Bowl, and outscored opponents by a combined total of 552 to 442. The team played its home games at Jones SBC Stadium in Lubbock, Texas. Quarterback B. J.

title: Titus County, Texas

text: median income for a family was $37,390. Males had a median income of $26,466 versus $18,238 for females. The per capita income for the county was $15,501. About 14.90% of families and 18.50% of the population were below the poverty line, including 25.10% of those under age 18 and 14.10% of those age 65 or over. Titus County was formerly represented in the Texas State Senate by Bill Ratliff, a Republican politician who served from 2001-2003 as Lieutenant Governor of Texas. The following school districts serve Titus County: In addition, Northeast Texas Community College serves Titus County, as well as

title: Lieutenant Governor of Indiana

text: that of Robert L. Rock (served 1965–1969, born 1927), on January 9, 2013. The most recently serving lieutenant governor to die was Frank O'Bannon (served 1989–1997) on September 13, 2003. Lieutenant Governor of Indiana The Lieutenant Governor of Indiana is a constitutional office in the US State of Indiana. Republican Suzanne Crouch, who assumed office 9 January 2017, is the incumbent. The office holder's constitutional roles are to serve as President of the Indiana Senate, become acting governor during the incapacity of the governor, and become governor should the incumbent governor resign, die in office, or be impeached and removed

title: Governor (United States)

text: and Reynolds are Republicans, while Brown and Raimondo are Democrats. All five territorial governors are male; the mayor of Washington, D.C. is female. Thirty-eight women have been or are currently serving as the governor, including two in an acting capacity. The first female governor was Nellie Tayloe Ross of Wyoming (widow of the late Wyoming Governor William B. Ross) who was elected on November 4, 1924 and sworn in on January 5, 1925 succeeding Frank Lucas. Also elected on November 4, 1924 was Miriam A. Ferguson of Texas (wife of former Texas Governor James E. Ferguson), succeeding Pat Morris Neff

title: The Texas Chainsaw Massacre (2003 film)

text: soundtrack albums released by Bulletproof Records/La-La Land Records for the film; the first was meant for regular audiences featuring popular metal music and was released on November 4, 2003. The second was the film's original score as composed by Steve Jablonsky. This was released on October 21, 2003 and has a run time of 50:25. Trailers and TV spots used a version of This Mortal Coil's cover of "Song to the Siren", which was just recorded for the trailer and was sung by the singer Renee of the band Moneypenny. The Texas Chainsaw Massacre (2003 film) The Texas Chainsaw Massacre

text: Symons totaled 5,833 passing yards and received the Sammy Baugh Trophy, and Wes Welker totaled 1,099 receiving yards and received the Mosi Tatupu Award. Source: 2003 Texas Tech Red Raiders football team The 2003 Texas Tech Red Raiders football team represented Texas Tech University in the Big 12 Conference (Big 12) during the 2003 NCAA Division I-A football season. In their fourth season under head coach Mike Leach, the Red Raiders compiled an 8–5 record (4–4 against Big 12 opponents), finished in fourth place in Southern Division of the Big 12, defeated Navy in the 2003 Houston Bowl, and outscored

title: Yellow Rose of Texas Award

text: highest award bestowed on women by the Texas Governor. The award name, "Yellow Rose of Texas," was chosen by Governor Shivers to honor the woman known by that name, Emily Morgan, who as a 20-year-old slave, according to legend, was instrumental in the victory of the Battle of San Jacinto, which, reportedly lasted 18 minutes, which, in turn, sealed the fate for Texas independence. The Texas Rose Festival in Tyler has named a Rose Queen since its inception in 1933, and historically, the title was "Miss Yellow Rose of Texas." In 1955, band leader Mitch Miller and His Orchestra recorded

title: Henry Smith (Texas governor)

text: a merchant in Nashville, Tennessee, and married. Moving from place to place, he was ultimately attracted by land grants offered by the Mexican government and took his family to Brazoria County, Texas in 1827 where he worked his lands, taught school, and did some land surveying. He became involved.in politics and was wounded in the 1832 Battle of Velasco. Elected alcalde of Brazoria in 1833, he was soon chosen a delegate to the Convention of 1833. In 1834, he was appointed by the Mexican governor as political chief of the department of the Brazos. Around 1835, Smith became a leader

title: Lufkin, Texas

text: that also had her sister Gay Porter marry T.H. Holloway. The minister who presided over the ceremony was Rev. Ira Bryce, serving at the time at Lufkin's First Methodist Church. In 1907, Allan Shivers, the 37th Governor of Texas, was born in Lufkin. He served as governor from 1949 to 1957. Debris from the Space Shuttle Columbia disaster fell over the Lufkin area on February 1, 2003. Lufkin celebrated its 125th anniversary in October 2007. A little league team from Lufkin won the U.S. Championship at the 2017 Little League World Series in Williamsport, Pennsylvania. The team finished as runners-up

title: Henry Smith (Texas governor)

text: of party favoring independence for Texas, called the War, or Independence Party. This party met with the Peace Party at a convention in 1836 called the Consultation. There, these two parties debated whether to declare immediate independence from Mexico, or not. While urging an immediate declaration of independence, he helped prepare the organic law that served as the constitution of a provisional government. Smith was named governor of the provisional government but soon was locked in struggles with rivals both political and personal. He dissolved the provisional government's council which retaliated by impeaching him. Smith refused to relinquish the governorship

title: Texas Legislative Medal of Honor

text: direct the medal to be awarded only during a regular session "(effective June 20, 2003)" and may not direct the medal to be awarded to more than one person during a regular session." In 2013, HB 1589 was signed into law by Governor Perry amending the statute for the bestowal of two Texas Legislative Medals of Honor each legislative session, one for service pre-1956 and one for service post-1957. The Texas Legislative Medal of Honor recipients: Logan, Benavidez, Knight (KIA), Gonzalez (KIA), and Murphy were also prior recipients of the Medal of Honor (any Texas MOH recipient eligible effective Sept.

title: Governor (United States)

text: Spain), and Scott Walker of Wisconsin (born in Colorado). State constitutions have varying requirements for the length of citizenship and residency of the governor but unlike the President, state governors do not need to be natural-born citizens. There is some ambiguity in some state constitutions if a governor must be a citizen or just a resident. Two legally blind governors have served: Bob C. Riley, who was acting governor of Arkansas for eleven days in January 1975, and David Paterson, who was governor of New York from 2008 until 2010. The current governor of Texas, Greg Abbott, has been paraplegic

title: Hispanics and Latinos in Texas

text: Hispanics and Latinos in Texas Hispanic and Latino Texans are residents of the state of Texas who are of Hispanic or Latino ancestry. As of the 2010 U.S. Census, Hispanics and Latinos of any race were 38.2% of the state's population. 39.6% of Texans are of Mexican descent, accounting for 88% of Hispanics in Texas. "Tejano" or "Texano" (Spanish for "Texan") is a term used to identify a Texan of Criollo Spanish or Mexican heritage. The first European to see Texas was Alonso Álvarez de Pineda, who led an expedition for the governor of Jamaica, Francisco de Garay, in 1520.

title: Scouting in Texas

text: Division Houston Scouts have an international relationship with Scouts in Chiba, Japan. The South Plains Council (#694) serves the area around Lubbock. The South Texas Council of Corpus Christi, Texas, was renamed from the "Gulf Coast Council" in 2003. The Texas Southwest Council serves Scouts in Southwest Central Texas through the jurisdiction of two districts and 26 Boy Scout troops. Wahinkto Lodge 199 2018 Lodge Chief-Kevin Franke The Texas Trails Council was formed in 2003 by the consolidation of the Chisholm Trail Council and the Comanche Trail Council. Yucca Council serves Scouts in Texas and New Mexico. There are 8

title: Governor of Maryland

text: office to run for the U.S. Senate. Cox was a unique person to run for that office, not only because she is a woman, but also because she is legally blind. In 1971, the office of Lieutenant Governor of Maryland, which had existed for only a few years in the 1860s, was re-instituted by an amendment to the Maryland Constitution. The Lieutenant Governor is a weak office compared to other counterparts (in other states including Texas, the Lieutenant Governor is the President of the State's Senate, while in California the Lieutenant Governor assumes all of the Governor's powers when the

title: Governor of Santa Fe Province

text: the socialist Antonio Bonfatti, who was elected on 24 July 2011. See for other governors. Former Formula One driver Carlos Reutemann was governor in two terms from 1991–1995 and also from 1999–2003. 1810–1815 Governor of Santa Fe Province The governor of the Argentine province of Santa Fe is the highest executive officeholder of the province. According to the provincial constitution (sanctioned in 1962), the governor is elected by the simple majority of the popular vote, along with a vice governor, for a four-year term, and cannot be reelected consecutively. He or she must be a native Argentine citizen or the

title: History of Texas

text: Ysleta Del Sur Pueblo of Texas. A remnant of the Choctaw tribe in East Texas still lives in the Mt. Tabor Community near Overton, Texas. The first European to see Texas was Alonso Álvarez de Pineda, who led an expedition for the governor of Jamaica, Francisco de Garay, in 1520. While searching for a passage between the Gulf of Mexico and Asia, Álvarez de Pineda created the first map of the northern Gulf Coast. This map is the earliest recorded document of Texas history. Between 1528 and 1535, four survivors of the Narváez expedition, including Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca

title: Education in Texas

text: or TAKS, in 2003. TAKS, as of spring 2013 is currently being replaced with the State of Texas Assessments of Academic Readiness (STAAR) test. Unlike TAKS, at the secondary level, STAAR tests are end of course exams. Texas's controversial alternative affirmative action plan, Texas House Bill 588, guarantees Texas students who graduated in the percent of their high school class automatic admission to state-funded universities. The bill encourages demographic diversity while avoiding problems stemming from the "Hopwood v. Texas" (1996) case. Thirty-five (35) separate and distinct public universities exist in Texas, of which 31 belong to one of the six

title: Governor of Victoria

text: Until Victoria obtained responsible government in 1855, the Governor-General of New South Wales appointed lieutenant-governors to Victoria. On Victoria obtaining responsible government in May 1855, the title of the then incumbent lieutenant-governor, Captain Sir Charles Hotham, became governor. , four former governors are alive, the oldest being John Landy (2001–06, born 1930). The most recent governor to die was Davis McCaughey (1986–92), on 25 March 2005. The most recently serving governor to die was Richard McGarvie (1992–1997), on 24 May 2003. There is also a lieutenant-governor and an administrator. The lieutenant-governor takes on the responsibilities of the governor when that

title: Governor of Michigan

text: to: The governor appoints the members of the governing boards of 10 of the state's 13 public universities and department commissions. Forty-eight people have been governor of the state. Prior to statehood, there were five governors of the Michigan Territory. Stevens T. Mason, Michigan's first governor, also served as a territorial governor. He was elected governor at age 23 as a member of the Democratic Party in 1835 and served until 1840. Mason was the youngest state governor in United States history. Jennifer Granholm became the first female Governor of Michigan on January 1, 2003, when she succeeded John Engler;

title: Manuel Pardo (governor)

text: Manuel Pardo (governor) Manuel Pardo (1774–?) was a Spanish soldier who was the Interim Governor of the Province of Texas in 1817 and of Coahuila between 1819 and 1820. He participated in the Texas Revolution as the assistant to the Centralist Troops led by Martín Perfecto de Cos on the Mexican side. Manuel Pardo was born in 1774, in Santander (Cantabria, Spain). He joined the Spanish Army in his youth and fought in the military campaigns of France (in 1795) and Portugal (1801). In 1802, he fought in the wars of Aranjuez and Madrid (both in the Community of Madrid).

title: Manuel Pardo (governor)

text: Pardo later traveled to New Spain where he joined the army. He was promoted to colonel. On March 20, 1817, Pardo was appointed Interim Governor of the Province of Texas. Pardo's successor, Antonio María Martínez, claimed the interim Governor had impoverished Texas and depleted military defenses. In 1819, Pardo was appointed Governor of Coahuila, replacing José Franco. He governed Coahuila until November 25, 1820. In 1822, Pardo became political chief of Monclova, Coahuila, and, in 1835, in the Texas Revolution, he was assistant of the centralist troops of Martín Perfecto de Cos in Monclova. Manuel Pardo (governor) Manuel Pardo (1774–?)

title: Texas Department of Family and Protective Services

text: Texas Comptroller Carole Keeton Strayhorn was very critical of the Texas foster care system. A follow-up statement with continued criticisms of the Texas foster care system was made in 2006 by the Comptroller and renewed a request to have the governor create a Family and Protective Services Crisis Management Team. The Comptroller stated that in fiscal 2003, 2004 and 2005, respectively 30, 38 and 48 foster children died in the state's care. The number of foster children in the state's care increased 24 percent to 32,474 in Fiscal 2005, while the number of deaths increased 60 percent. Compared to the

title: Secretary of State of Texas

text: the Attorney General, one of the six members of the Executive Department. Of these offices all are elected by the voters in statewide elections except the Secretary of State, who is nominated by the Governor and confirmed by the Senate. The Secretary of State administers the Texas Election Code, maintains public filings, and is the keeper of the State Seal of Texas. The Secretary of State also issues appointments for notaries public. The first Secretary of State of the Republic of Texas, Stephen F. Austin, was appointed by Texas President Sam Houston in 1836. Since then, Texas became a state

title: Preston Smith (governor)

text: was first elected to the Texas House of Representatives in 1944 and then to the Texas State Senate in 1956. He won the Senate seat by defeating in the primary the incumbent Kilmer B. Corbin, the father of actor Barry Corbin. In 1962, Smith won the lieutenant governor's race, securing majorities in all but 16 of the 254 counties to defeat the Republican O.W. "Bill" Hayes. In 1968, Smith was elected governor, a position he held for two two-year terms. He succeeded the popular Democratic Governor John B. Connally, Jr., who later switched to the Republican Party in 1973. To

title: The Meanest Man in Texas

text: near Cisco, Texas, Clyde is convicted of murder and sentenced to death. Just hours before execution by electric chair, the Governor spares him the death penalty, but he is shipped to the Texas Prison Farm to serve hard labor, where he gains the moniker "The Meanest Man in Texas." The story follows Clyde’s journey as his personal roller-coaster ride takes him on some life-changings highs and lows, but ultimately leads him to redemption. It also includes a handicapped woman on the outside who corresponds with this prisoner who has been given three life sentences. The Meanest Man in Texas The

title: 2003 Texas redistricting

text: craft the proposal were aware it posed a high risk of being ruled discriminatory compared with other options". Texas legislators proceeded with the new plan "because it would maximize the number of Republican federal lawmakers in the state". The article noted that senior political appointees in the Justice Department had overridden the position and findings by the Civil Rights Division's career civil service staff lawyers and analysts, and approved the redistricting. Democrats criticized the 2003 redistricting plan, citing the lack of precedent for redistricting twice in a decade (a so-called "mid-decade" redistricting) and argued that it was conducted for purely

title: Governor of California

text: race will become governor. The 2003 California recall began with a petition drive that successfully forced sitting Democratic Governor Gray Davis into a special recall election. It marked the first time in the history of California that a governor faced a recall election. He was subsequently voted out of office, becoming the second governor in the history of the United States to be recalled after Lynn Frazier of North Dakota in 1921. He was replaced by Republican Arnold Schwarzenegger. The Lieutenant Governor of California is separately elected during the same election, not jointly as the running mate of the gubernatorial

title: Lieutenant Governor of Texas

text: a Majority Leader. By the rules of the Senate, the Lieutenant Governor establishes all special and standing committees, appoints all chairpersons and members, and assigns all Senate legislation to the committee of his choice. The Lieutenant Governor decides all questions of parliamentary procedure in the Senate. He or she also has broad discretion in following Senate procedural rules. The Lieutenant Governor is an "ex officio" member of several statutory bodies. These include the Legislative Budget Board, the Legislative Council, the Legislative Audit Committee, the Legislative Board and Legislative Council, which have considerable sway over state programs, the budget and policy.

title: History of Texas

text: including conservative Republican Greg Abbott as governor. History of Texas The recorded history of Texas begins with the arrival of the first Spanish conquistadors in the region of North America now known as Texas in 1519, who found the region populated by numerous Native American tribes. The Native Americans' ancestors had been there for more than 10,000 years as evidenced by the discovery of the remains of prehistoric Leanderthal Lady. During the period of recorded history from A.D. 1519 to 1848, all or parts of Texas were claimed by five countries: France, Spain, Mexico, the Republic of Texas, the United

title: The Texas Chainsaw Massacre (2003 film)

text: as co-producers; Daniel Pearl returned as cinematographer; and John Larroquette reprised his voice narration for the opening intertitles. The film was released in the United States on October 17, 2003, and grossed $107 million at the U.S. box office. It is considered one of the most commercially successful horror film remakes of the 21st century. A prequel was released in 2006, titled "". "The Texas Chainsaw Massacre" was the first film to be produced by Platinum Dunes, who would go on to produce remakes of several other 20th-century horror films. On August 18, 1973, five young adults – Erin, her

title: Lieutenant Governor of Oklahoma

text: tie-breaking vote, and serves as a chief aid to the governor. The lieutenant governor is elected directly by the people of Oklahoma every four years on the same day as the election of the governor. The governor and lieutenant governor are elected on separate ballots and are not running mates. This presents a chance that they may represent different political parties, as was the case from 2003 to 2007 when Democratic Governor Brad Henry and Republican Lieutenant Governor Mary Fallin were in office. The election of Democratic Lieutenant Governor Leo Winters and Republican Governor Henry Bellmon in the 1960s was

title: Governor (Russia)

text: returns the direct election of senior officials in the regions. In 2015, governors were restricted to a term of five years, with no more than two consecutive terms. As of October 2017 there are 77 members of United Russia, two Communists, one Liberal Democrat, one member of A Just Russia, and four independents serving as governors. For each term, governors serve five years in office. The longest-serving current governor is Aman Tuleyev of Kemerovo Oblast, who has served six consecutive terms since 1 July 1997. The first female governor was Valentina Matviyenko who was Governor of Saint Petersburg from 2003

title: Flag of Texas

text: been in use since the late 1960s or early 1970s. The design has never been formally adopted by executive order or legislation. Legislation was introduced to the Texas Legislature in 2007 and 2009 to adopt the 1839 pilot flag/civil ensign of the Republic of Texas as the official flag of the Governor of Texas. While the 2007 bill died in committee, the 2009 bill was passed by the House but died in a Senate committee. Amendments to the Texas Flag Code, signed into law in 1993, authorize the Governor to adopt a flag of his or her own choosing, but

title: Juan Valdez (governor)

text: not be done in Zacatecas (in modern Mexico) as it had been planned to establish a new mission. Juan Valdez (governor) Juan Valdez was Governor of Texas and Coahuila, and lieutenant general and alcalde (mayor) of the presidio and villa of Bexar in 1714 and 1716. Juan Valdez was elected governor of Texas and Coahuila twice: in 1714 and in 1716. He was mayor of the presidio of villa of Bexar (San Antonio, Texas) in 1720. During his mayoralty in Bexar, he established a mission in a place of San Jose and San Miguel de Aguayo, under orders of the

title: Juan Valdez (governor)

text: Juan Valdez (governor) Juan Valdez was Governor of Texas and Coahuila, and lieutenant general and alcalde (mayor) of the presidio and villa of Bexar in 1714 and 1716. Juan Valdez was elected governor of Texas and Coahuila twice: in 1714 and in 1716. He was mayor of the presidio of villa of Bexar (San Antonio, Texas) in 1720. During his mayoralty in Bexar, he established a mission in a place of San Jose and San Miguel de Aguayo, under orders of the viceroy of New Spain, even after that Father Antonio de Olivares filed a petition asking that the mission

title: Governor of Montserrat

text: Governor of Montserrat The Governor of Montserrat is the representative of the British monarch in the United Kingdom's overseas territory of Montserrat. The Governor is appointed by the monarch on the advice of the British government. The main role of the Governor is to appoint the Chief Minister. Andrew Pearce is the current Governor of Montserrat. The Governor has their own flag in Montserrat, the Union Flag defaced with the territory's coat of arms. The official residence of the Governor is Government House, located in Woodlands. In 2003, a petition signed by 200 people in Montserrat, called upon the British

title: Yellow Rose of Texas Award

text: Yellow Rose of Texas Award The Commission of the Yellow Rose of Texas is a -year-old honorary commission conferred by the Governors of Texas in recognition of exceptional Texas women who have served their communities in various ways, including volunteerism or charitable contributions or achievements related to the preservation of the history Texas and its communities or achievements towards improving the present and building the future. The award was conceived and inaugurated by Governor Allan Shivers before the end of his second term in 1957. The Yellow Rose of Texas Commission (sometimes called "Yellow Rose of Texas Award") is the

title: Capital punishment in Texas

text: them for years. That simply shouldn't be allowed." In addition to seeking judicial review of the sentence, a defendant may also appeal to the Texas Board of Pardons and Paroles, a separate agency from TDCJ, for commutation of the sentence to life in prison. The Board, after hearing testimony, decides whether or not to recommend commutation to the Governor of Texas. If the Board recommends commutation, the Governor can accept or reject the recommendation. However, if the board does not recommend commutation, the Governor has no power to override the Board's non-recommendation (the law was changed in 1936 due to

title: Lieutenant Governor of Maryland

text: present constitution, adopted in 1867, abolished the lieutenant governorship. However, the position was re-established by a constitutional amendment ratified on November 3, 1970. Under the 1970 amendment, the Lieutenant Governor "shall have only the duties delegated to him by the Governor." Maryland's lieutenant governorship is thus weaker than the office in several, but not all, other states that have one. For instance, in many states, including Texas, the lieutenant governor is the president of the state's Senate and in California the Lieutenant Governor assumes "all" of the Governor's powers when he or she is out of the state. In both

title: Republic of Texas

text: independent country of Mexico, Stephen F. Austin led a group of American settlers known as the Old Three Hundred, who negotiated the right to settle in Texas with the Spanish Royal governor of the territory. Since Mexican independence had been ratified by Spain shortly thereafter, Austin would later travel to Mexico City to secure the support of the new country for his right to settle. The establishment of Mexican Texas coincided with the Austin-led settlement, leading to animosity between Mexican authorities and ongoing American settlement of Texas. The First Mexican Empire was short lived, being replaced by a republican form

title: History of Texas

text: female settlers in Spanish Texas. The new missions were over from the nearest Spanish settlement, San Juan Bautista. Martín de Alarcón, who had been appointed governor of Texas in late 1716, wished to establish a way station between the settlements along the Rio Grande and the new missions in East Texas. Alarcón led a group of 72 people, including 10 families, into Texas in April 1718, where they settled along the San Antonio River. Within the next week, the settlers built mission San Antonio de Valero and a presidio, and chartered the municipality of San Antonio de Béxar, now San

title: Texas Board of Pardons and Paroles

text: with constitutional authority, and making the governor's clemency authority subject to board recommendation. The governor, the chief justice of the Texas Supreme Court and the presiding judge of the Texas Criminal Court of Appeals each appointed one member to the board. Members served overlapping six-year terms, one term expiring every two years. The board recommended parole and clemency to the governor, who had final approving authority. The legislature in 1947 authorized the board, with approval of the governor, to release prisoners for parole or probation, with the exception of those with a death sentence. A division of parole supervision was

title: History of slavery in Texas

text: what was confessed under torture appeared to be false. Many of the fires had coincided with a summer drought, and new matches were susceptible to spontaneous combustion. The supposed "poison" found in slave quarters was baby powder. There was a slave auction block next to the Menger Hotel and near the Alamo. Texas seceded from the United States in 1861, and joined the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War. Continuation of slavery was the primary reason for Texas to join the Confederacy. It replaced the pro-Union governor, Sam Houston, in the process. During the war, slavery in

title: Texas Advance Directives Act

text: by reforming the aspect of the statute which allowed healthcare providers to remove artificial nutrition and hydration against a patient's wishes. HB 3074 is the first reform effort to garner universal support from advocacy groups and boasted 4 joint authors and 81 co-authors in the House of Representatives. It was unopposed in the House and Senate and was signed into law by Governor Abbott. It is the first reform to the Texas Advance Directives Act since 2003. Texas Advance Directives Act The Texas Advance Directives Act (1999), also known as the Texas Futile Care Law, describes certain provisions that are

title: Governor of Tamaulipas

text: Governor of Tamaulipas This is a list of governors of Tamaulipas since it became a state of Mexico in 1822, it includes the list of governors of Nuevo Santander (New Santander) the name of the Spanish province in northeast New Spain before the Mexican War of Independence, which included present-day Tamaulipas and South Texas. The Governor is elected to a six-year term and may only hold the title once. This term begins on February 5 of the year before a presidential election and finishes on February 4 after a period of six years. To be a candidate for Governor, one

title: To the People of Texas & All Americans in the World

text: regular army and asked to raise a cavalry company. He participated in the Siege of Béxar, where he proved to be "an impulsive, occasionally insubordinate, officer". By the end of 1835, Texians had expelled all Mexican troops from Texas. Believing the war ended, many Texians resigned from the army and returned home. In January, the provisional government essentially collapsed; despite a lack of authority for any branch of government to interfere with other branches, the legislature impeached Governor Henry Smith, who in turn disbanded the legislature. No one in Texas was entirely sure who was in charge. Even as Texian

text: made at least four other reproductions of the letter, resulting in more than 500 additional copies. Their final printing included a message from Governor Henry Smith urging the colonists "to fly to the aid of your besieged countrymen and not permit them to be massacred by a mercenary foe. ... The call is upon ALL who are able to bear arms, to rally without one moment's delay, or in fifteen days the heart of Texas will be the seat of war." On March 2, the letter was printed in the "Texas Republican". It appeared in the other major Texas newspaper,

title: 1992 United States presidential election in Texas

text: 1992 United States presidential election in Texas The 1992 United States presidential election in Texas took place on November 3, 1992, as part of the 1992 United States presidential election. Voters chose thirty-two representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president. Texas was won by incumbent President George H.W. Bush (R-Texas) with 40.56% of the popular vote over Governor Bill Clinton (D-Arkansas) with 37.08%. Businessman Ross Perot (I-Texas) finished in third, with 22.01% of the popular vote. Clinton ultimately won the national vote, defeating incumbent President Bush. He was the first Democrat to win

title: Lieutenant Governor of Mississippi

text: two-term limit, with each term being four years long. The majority of Mississippi Lieutenant Governors have been Democrats, although the post has been held continuously by Republicans since 2002. Since the end of Reconstruction, there have been only four Republicans: Eddie Briggs, who served from 1992 to 1996; Amy Tuck, who served from 2000 to 2008 (who was originally elected as a Democrat before switching to the Republican Party in December 2002 and being re-elected as a Republican in 2003); Phil Bryant, who served from 2008 to 2012; and Tate Reeves, who assumed office on January 10, 2012. Lieutenant Governor

title: Yellow Rose of Texas Award

text: Longhorn Council BSA Executive Board, Council Training Chairperson, recognized for a lifetime of outstanding leadership and advancement of youth programs, and adult leadership training. Yellow Rose of Texas Award The Commission of the Yellow Rose of Texas is a -year-old honorary commission conferred by the Governors of Texas in recognition of exceptional Texas women who have served their communities in various ways, including volunteerism or charitable contributions or achievements related to the preservation of the history Texas and its communities or achievements towards improving the present and building the future. The award was conceived and inaugurated by Governor Allan Shivers

title: 2000 United States presidential election in Texas

text: 2000 United States presidential election in Texas The 2000 United States presidential election in Texas took place on November 7, 2000, and was part of the 2000 United States presidential election. Voters chose 32 representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president. Texas was won by the Republican Party candidate, the state's incumbent governor, George W. Bush, by a 21.32% margin of victory. The 2000 election in Texas was a very partisan election, with nearly 60% of voters voting for the Republican Party candidate. The third party vote shrunk to a total of 2.7%,