query: who is president of pakistan 2012?

title: Parliament of Pakistan

text: the assent of President Asif Ali Zardari on 1 January 2011. 20th Amendment was passed unanimously by National Assembly and Senate on 20 February 2012. At the national level, Pakistan elects a bicameral legislature, the Parliament of Pakistan, which consists of a directly elected National Assembly of Pakistan and a Senate, whose members are chosen by elected provincial legislators. The Prime Minister of Pakistan is elected by the National Assembly. The president is elected by the Electoral college, which consists of both houses of Parliament together with the provincial assemblies. In addition to the national parliament and the provincial assemblies,

title: Energy policy of Pakistan

text: last four-year which accounts for 2.5 percent of the total volume of economy. During June 2012, President Asif Ali Zardari had said that the government realised the enormity of the challenge of energy shortage and was determined to overcome it in the shortest possible time. Pakistan is already importing small quantity of electricity from Iran to supply power to Gwadar town. Pakistan is also actively considering to import electricity from India and Tajikistan. World Bank offered to finance for conducting the feasibility study to import 1200 MW power from India. Pakistan is also exploring to import PNG via pipe line

title: First Families of Pakistan

text: Party (PPP) for most of Pakistan's history since independence. Zulfikar Ali Bhutto was the founder of PPP and served as the ninth Prime Minister of Pakistan from 1973 to 1977, and prior to that as the fourth President of Pakistan from 1971 to 1973. His daughter, Benazir Bhutto, also served as the 11th Prime Minister of Pakistan in two non-consecutive terms from 1988 until 1990 and 1993 until 1996. She was married to Asif Ali Zardari, the who became President of Pakistan after her death. Her daughters alternately served as the First Lady of Pakistan. Notable members of Bhutto family

title: Pakistan–Sri Lanka relations

text: On February 12, 2012, A credit line for US$200 million was one of three Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) signed between Pakistan and Sri Lanka. The MoUs were signed during President Mahinda Rajapksa’s official visit to Pakistan, on the invitation of President Asif Ali Zardari. Recently, the Sri Lankan Airlines has expressed an interest in expanding its operations in multiple cities in Pakistan and has also invited the Pakistan International Airlines to operate more flights to Sri Lanka. Sri Lankan Airlines chief marketing officer GT Jeyaseelan remarked that "Sri Lanka and Pakistan are two close, friendly neighbours," and that he looked

title: President of Pakistan

text: Musharraf's rule was found dubious. A populist constitutional movement eventually resulted in Musharraf's departure. On 22 August 2008, the electoral commission called for presidential nominations to be delivered by 26 August 2008 and for elections to be held on 6 September 2008. After the presidential election held in 2008, Asif Ali Zardari lobbied for constitutional amendment to restore the Constitution as it was in 1973. In 2010, the Parliament unanimously and with a large majority, passed the eighteenth amendment of the constitution. It revoked the presidential powers and changed Pakistan from a semi-presidential system of government to a parliamentary republic,

title: President of Pakistan

text: with great hopes of governmental stability in the future. President of Pakistan The President of Pakistan ( — , ), is the head of state of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan and the civilian Commander-in-Chief of the Pakistan Armed Forces, per the Constitution of Pakistan. The office-holder represents the "unity of the Republic". The current President of Pakistan is Arif Alvi. The President is kept informed by the Prime Minister of Pakistan on all matters of internal and foreign policy, as well as all legislative proposals. The Constitution vests the President with the powers of granting pardons, reprieves, and the

title: President of Pakistan

text: President of Pakistan The President of Pakistan ( — , ), is the head of state of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan and the civilian Commander-in-Chief of the Pakistan Armed Forces, per the Constitution of Pakistan. The office-holder represents the "unity of the Republic". The current President of Pakistan is Arif Alvi. The President is kept informed by the Prime Minister of Pakistan on all matters of internal and foreign policy, as well as all legislative proposals. The Constitution vests the President with the powers of granting pardons, reprieves, and the control of the military; however, all appointments at higher

title: President of Pakistan

text: violating the Constitution or of gross misconduct, then the President shall cease to hold office immediately on the passing of the resolution. No president has faced impeachment proceedings. However, the proceedings have been used in 2008 in an attempt to impeach former president Pervez Musharraf who tendered the resignation after the proceedings above were used. From 1947 until 1956, the Governor-General of Pakistan acted for the head of state: King George VI (until 1952) and Queen Elizabeth II (from 1952). With the promulgation of the first Constitution, Pakistan became an Islamic republic in 1956, and the Governor-General was replaced with

title: Acting President of Pakistan

text: Acting President of Pakistan The Acting President of Pakistan () is a temporary post provided for by the Constitution of Pakistan. In the case where a president's term of office is terminated early or during the absence of the president, the Chairman of the Senate assumes the office, as per the line of succession to the President of Pakistan. The Speaker of the National Assembly is second in the line of succession. Fazlul Qadir Chaudhry acted as president periodically during his tenure as Speaker of the National Assembly, whenever Ayub Khan was out of the country. In addition, two acting

title: Acting President of Pakistan

text: presidents have been in office in recent history for short periods of time: Wasim Sajjad and Muhammad Mian Soomro. Sajjad served as acting president on two non-consecutive occasions in 1993 and 1997–98 respectively. Acting President of Pakistan The Acting President of Pakistan () is a temporary post provided for by the Constitution of Pakistan. In the case where a president's term of office is terminated early or during the absence of the president, the Chairman of the Senate assumes the office, as per the line of succession to the President of Pakistan. The Speaker of the National Assembly is second

title: President of Pakistan

text: the Awami League gaining a majority in East Pakistan (current day Bangladesh). After he was unable to reach a compromise between the PPP and the Awami League, President Yahya Khan invited Nurul Amin of the Pakistan Muslim League to become the Prime Minister, and also appointed him as the first Vice President. The growing instigated violence against Pakistanis in East Pakistan forced President Yahya Khan to use force in order to maintain order there, which further escalated Bengali resistance (1970). Preemptive strikes against India led to another war in 1971, which freed East Pakistan and created Bangladesh. Taking personal responsibility

title: President of Pakistan

text: for the political isolation and devastation of Pakistan after the fall of East Pakistan, President Yahya Khan stepped down and ceded power to Zulfikar Ali Bhutto. President Bhutto created the current Constitution of Pakistan in 1973, transforming Pakistan into a parliamentary democracy, and reducing presidential powers to that of a ceremonial figurehead. The general elections held in 1977 resulted in an atmosphere of civil unrest instigated by the right-wing alliance, the Pakistan National Alliance. The events leading to it resulted in military intervention by chief of army staff General Zia-ul-Haq and Chairman Joint Chiefs Admiral Mohammad Shariff. Suspending the Constitution

title: President of Pakistan

text: of the National Security Council who had authority and control over the nuclear and strategic arsenals; however, the chairmanship and the powers transferred back to Prime Minister. Furthermore, the presidential powers have significantly declined with Pakistan's government reversed to a parliamentary democratic republic. The Constitution of Pakistan sets the principle qualifications that the candidate must meet to be eligible to the office of the President. A President has to be: Whenever the "Aiwan-e-Sadr" becomes vacant, the selection of president is done by the electoral college, which consists of both houses of Parliament (the Senate and National Assembly) and the four

title: Ayub Khan (President of Pakistan)

text: documents to the Election Commission. Ayub Khan (President of Pakistan) Mohammad Ayub Khan (; 14 May 1907 – 19 April 1974), , was a Pakistani military dictator and the second President of Pakistan who forcibly assumed the presidency from the first President Iskander Mirza through coup in 1958, the first successful coup d'état of the country. The popular demonstrations and labour strikes which were supported by the protests in East Pakistan ultimately led to his forced resignation in 1969. Trained at the British Royal Military College, Ayub Khan fought in the World War II as a Colonel in the British

title: Ayub Khan (President of Pakistan)

text: Ayub Khan (President of Pakistan) Mohammad Ayub Khan (; 14 May 1907 – 19 April 1974), , was a Pakistani military dictator and the second President of Pakistan who forcibly assumed the presidency from the first President Iskander Mirza through coup in 1958, the first successful coup d'état of the country. The popular demonstrations and labour strikes which were supported by the protests in East Pakistan ultimately led to his forced resignation in 1969. Trained at the British Royal Military College, Ayub Khan fought in the World War II as a Colonel in the British Indian Army before deciding to

title: Line of succession to the President of Pakistan

text: is not available, the speaker of the National Assembly performs the duties of the president of Pakistan. The Electoral College of Pakistan is responsible for electing a new president. The Amendment XVIII, Article 49 of the Constitution of Pakistan covers this matter. Chairman or Speaker to act as, or perform functions of, President In this article, the Chairman refers to the Chairman of the Senate of Pakistan. Line of succession to the President of Pakistan Line of succession to the President of Pakistan: Pakistan, by law, has a parliamentary democratic system of government that has been modified several times since

text: Line of succession to the President of Pakistan Line of succession to the President of Pakistan: Pakistan, by law, has a parliamentary democratic system of government that has been modified several times since its inception. The prime minister of Pakistan is the head of the government, while the president of Pakistan, by law and by statute, is a constitutional figurehead. The constitution does not allow a vice president, but the chairman of the Senate of Pakistan officiates in the absence of the President and takes over on the President's death or removal from office. If the chairman of the Senate

title: President of Pakistan

text: commands of the military must be made by the President on a "required and necessary" basis, upon consultation and approval from the Prime Minister. In addition, the Constitution prohibits the President from exercising the authority of running the government. The president is indirectly elected by the Parliament of Pakistan through the Electoral College for a five-year term. The Constitution requires the President to be a "Muslim of not less than forty five (45) years of age". The President resides in an estate in Islamabad known as Aiwan-e-Sadar (Presidential Palace). There have been a total of 13 Presidents. In the absence

title: Principal Secretary to the President of Pakistan

text: Principal Secretary to the President of Pakistan The Principal Secretary to the President of Pakistan is the senior most bureaucratic aide to the President of Pakistan. The position holder is a BPS-22 grade officer, usually belonging to the Pakistan Administrative Service. The Principal Secretary is the administrative head as well as the highest-ranking official of Aiwan-e-Sadr. The Principal Secretary advises and assists the President on all the official business routed through the Aiwan-e-Sadr, and because of this the PS to President is generally regarded as the most crucial aide to the President. The duties of the Principal Secretary includes, but

title: Ayub Khan (President of Pakistan)

text: Peshawar in 1950s, the Central Intelligence Agency's spy activities grew immensely during his presidency but such activities were exposed in 1960 when the Soviet Union's air defence intercept and shot down the U-2 plane by the S-75 missile, and captured its pilot. This incident severely compromised the national security of Pakistan that brought the Soviet ire on Pakistan but President Ayub had all knowledge of the operation and full aware of what happened in the Soviet Union. While in United Kingdom to pay state visit, the CIA station chief told President Ayub who shrugged his shoulders and said that he

text: are not limited to; dealing with official paperwork in the Aiwan-e-Sadr, placing before the President critical files of importance for approval, coordinating activities in the Aiwan-e-Sadr, and preparing notes on issues to be discussed by the President with senior politicians, bureaucrats and other dignitaries. Principal Secretary to the President of Pakistan The Principal Secretary to the President of Pakistan is the senior most bureaucratic aide to the President of Pakistan. The position holder is a BPS-22 grade officer, usually belonging to the Pakistan Administrative Service. The Principal Secretary is the administrative head as well as the highest-ranking official of Aiwan-e-Sadr.

title: President of Pakistan

text: preserve and defend the Constitution as follows: The Constitution discusses the possibility of an acting president. Certain office-holders, however, are permitted to stand as presidential candidates in case of vacancy as the constitution does not allow for a vice president: The President may be removed before the expiry of the term through impeachment. The President can be removed for violation of the Constitution of Pakistan. The impeachment process may start in either of the two houses of the Parliament. The house initiates the process by leveling the charges against the President. The charges are contained in a notice that has

title: Ayub Khan (President of Pakistan)

text: elections to be held. The conservative Pakistan Muslim League, led under its President A.Q. Khan, was also gaining momentum in West Pakistan and threatened for the "Dharna" movement. These events were against President Mirza hence he was willing to dissolve even Pakistan's One Unit for his advantage. On the midnight of 7 and 8 October 1958, President Mirza ordered a mass mobilization of Pakistan Armed Forces and abrogated the Constitution after sending a letter to Prime Minister Feroze and the Constituent Assembly about the coup d'état. Most of the politicians became only aware of coup the next morning; only the

title: Ayub Khan (President of Pakistan)

text: Bhutto convinced the President and the Finance Minister Muhammad Shoaib that India would not attack Pakistan due to Kashmir being a disputed territory, and per Bhutto's remarks: "Pakistan’s incursion into Indian-occupied Kashmir, at [A]khnoor, would not provide [India] with the justification for attacking Pakistan across the international boundary because Kashmir was a disputed territory". This theory proved wrong when India launched a full-scale war against West-Pakistan in 1965. His army chief General Musa Khan did not order the Pakistan Army without the confirmation by President Ayub Khan despite Foreign Minister Bhutto's urging However, after the Indian Army advanced towards the

title: Ayub Khan (President of Pakistan)

text: led him to announce the presidential elections in 1965. He earned the nomination from Pakistan Muslim League (PML) and was shocked to see when Fatima Jinnah earned the nomination from the Combined Opposition Parties. Fatima Jinnah had gained a lot of support from Karachi, Lahore, and various parts in West Pakistan and East Pakistan as opposed to President Ayub Khan. Jinnah targeted the Indus Waters Treaty and his over-reliance on the United States and troubled relations with the Soviet Union. During the elections, President Ayub earned notoriety when his son, Gohar Ayub Khan, was named in media for his involvement

title: 2012 Pakistan floods

text: 2012 Pakistan floods The 2012 Pakistan floods began in early September 2012, resulting from heavy monsoon rains in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Upper Sindh, Southern Punjab and Balochistan regions of Pakistan. Initially according to the met Office forecasts, Pakistan was to receive below normal rainfall in 2012 and most of these areas were bracing for a drought. But by 1 September the Pakistan Meteorological Department started to roll out emergency weather advisories stating that an extremely low pressure Monsoon system, developed over the Bay of Bengal will enter the country and cause widespread heavy rainfall across Southern Punjab, Southern Khyber Pukhtunkhwa, eastern

title: President of Pakistan

text: Controversy regarding the U-2 incident (1960), privatization (1963), and war with India (1965), fueled a fierce left-wing opposition movement led by Zulfikar Ali Bhutto of the PPP and Bengali nationalist Sheikh Mujibur Rahman who, with the support of demonstrators, aimed to further weaken the presidency. Suffering from paralysis and declining health, Ayub Khan handed over the presidency to army chief General Yahya Khan, who imposed martial law and announced that nationwide elections would be held in 1970. Eventually, general elections were held in 1970 which saw the PPP gaining a majority of seats in West Pakistan (current day Pakistan) and

title: 2012 in Pakistan

text: 2012 in Pakistan Events in the year 2012 in Pakistan. Daniyal Ali Azfar, the youngest digital photographer in the world held his first exhibition at the age of 1 year, 363 days on 5 May 2012 in an art gallery in Karachi. July 9: A Gunmen attacked a military camp near Wazirabad in Punjab, killing seven security personnel. The attack came at a time when Pakistan reopened NATO supply lines to Afghanistan, which had previously been closed for eight months to protest the 2011 NATO attack in Pakistan 6 November: US polls event organised in US embassy in Pakistan. 9

title: 2012 in Pakistan

text: November: Iqbal day celebrated with full zeal across the nation. Domestic International 2012 in Pakistan Events in the year 2012 in Pakistan. Daniyal Ali Azfar, the youngest digital photographer in the world held his first exhibition at the age of 1 year, 363 days on 5 May 2012 in an art gallery in Karachi. July 9: A Gunmen attacked a military camp near Wazirabad in Punjab, killing seven security personnel. The attack came at a time when Pakistan reopened NATO supply lines to Afghanistan, which had previously been closed for eight months to protest the 2011 NATO attack in Pakistan

title: Ayub Khan (President of Pakistan)

text: out with him was the future chief of army staff of the Indian Army, General J. N. Chaudhri who served as chief when Ayub was the President of Pakistan. After the standard probationary period of service in the British Army, he was appointed to the British Indian Army on 10 April 1929, joining the 1/14th Punjab Regiment "Sherdils", now known as 5th Punjab Regiment. He was promoted to Lieutenant on 2 May 1930 and to Captain on 2 February 1937. During World War II, he was promoted to the temporary rank of Lieutenant-Colonel in 1942 and was posted in Burma

title: 2012 Pakistan floods

text: received 96mm of rain, Shorkot 85mm, Bahawalnagar and Sahiwal 79mm, Noorpur Thal 66mm, Toba Tek Singh 65mm, Bahawalpur city 45mm, Jhang 35mm, Rahim Yar Khan 31mm, Multan 27mm, Faisalabad 25mm, Nawabshah 24mm, Chhor 23mm, Bhakkar 20mm, Chakwal and Dera Ismail Khan 17mm, Parachinar and Mandi Bahauddin 16mm, Thatta 15mm, Joharabad and Rawalakot 14mm and Kotli 12mm. Heavy rainfalls were recorded during the five-day wet spell from 5 September to 9 September 2012 in the provinces of Sindh and Punjab based on data from the Pakistan Meteorological Department. <nowiki>*</nowiki> Indicates new record in the month 2012 Pakistan floods The 2012 Pakistan

title: Ayub Khan (President of Pakistan)

text: transfer to join the Pakistan Army as an aftermath of partition of British India in 1947. His command assignment included his role as chief of staff of Eastern Command in East-Bengal and elevated as the first native Commander-in-Chief of the Pakistan Army in 1951 by then-Prime Minister Liaquat Ali Khan in a controversial promotion over several senior officers. From 1953–58, he served in the civilian government as Defence and Home Minister and supported President Iskander Mirza's decision to impose martial law against Prime Minister Feroze Khan's administration in 1958. Two weeks later, he took over the presidency from Mirza after

title: Trade Unions in Pakistan

text: alliances. Labour laws relating to trade unions or the Industrial Relations Act 2012 do not enable workers to form unions. There is also very little room for those who are already organized in trade unions to bargain for the collective rights of workers. Major confederation Pakistan Labour organization "'major federations" Major unions Trade Unions in Pakistan Trade unions in Pakistan are regulated under provincial industrial relations acts. Under the Constitution of Pakistan, labour is considered a shared responsibility of the federal and provincial governments. The latest Industrial Relation Act was promulgated on 12 March 2012 by President of Pakistan. National

title: 2012 Pakistan fake medicine crisis

text: the federal and provincial governments to establish a drug regulatory authority. Following the incident, Sri Lanka banned its import of medicines from Pakistan as a precautionary measure. Moreover, the World Health Organisation issued a global drug safety alert (no.125) calling for increased vigilance on the use of isotab manufactured by Efroze Chemicals. 2012 Pakistan fake medicine crisis During late January 2012, a fake medicine crisis at the Punjab Institute of Cardiology (PIC) hospital in the Lahore region of Punjab, Pakistan, claimed the lives of over 100 heart patients. According to various reports, the incident involved patients who had been receiving

title: Ayub Khan (President of Pakistan)

text: of the time and many saw the results with great suspicions. The controversial winning over Fatima Jinnah in presidential elections and the outcomes of war with India in 1965 brought devastating results for Ayub Khan's image and his presidency. Upon returning from Tashkent, Foreign Minister Bhutto went to the television media and criticized President Ayub for selling nation's honor and sacrifice which promoted President Ayub to deposed Bhutto. In Karachi, the public resentment towards Ayub had been rising since the 1965 elections and his policies were widely disapproved. In 1967, Zulfikar Ali Bhutto formed the socialist Pakistan Peoples Party and

title: Ayub Khan (President of Pakistan)

text: U.S. Ambassador James Langley was kept aware of the political development in the country. President Mirza appointed General Ayub as its chief martial law administrator (CMLA) to enforce the martial law in both exclave–West and East Pakistan. However, President Mirza soon realized his mistake by making Ayub as the CMLA and repented his actions in news media about the delicate position he had gotten himself into. He regretted his decision and said: "I did not mean to do it," while offering assurances that the martial law would be for the shortest possible duration. In an attempt to consolidate the powers

title: Catholic Church in Pakistan

text: to education. Sister John Berchmans Conway - On 15 February 2012, the President of Pakistan approved conferment of Sitara Quaid-e-Azam on Sister Berchmans for her services towards education and promoting interfaith harmony in Pakistan. Father Robert McCulloch - On 15 February 2012, the President of Pakistan approved conferment of Sitara Quaid-e-Azam on McCulloch for his services to Pakistan in health and education. Brother Emmanuel Nicholas - The President of Pakistan conferred the civil award of Tamgha-i-Pakistan (Medal of Pakistan) on Bro. Emmanuel Nicholas in recognition of his outstanding and meritorious services to the education sector in Pakistan. Norma Fernandes -

title: 2012 Pakistan fake medicine crisis

text: 2012 Pakistan fake medicine crisis During late January 2012, a fake medicine crisis at the Punjab Institute of Cardiology (PIC) hospital in the Lahore region of Punjab, Pakistan, claimed the lives of over 100 heart patients. According to various reports, the incident involved patients who had been receiving treatment at the hospital and had been prescribed with counterfeit antihypertensive medicines. The spurious medicine(s) triggered a serious adverse reaction by depositing itself in the bone marrow and ending the body's resistance. The generation of white blood cells stopped in the body. Among the symptoms of the disease were a severe chest

title: 2012–13 Pakistan Premier League

text: ground having various issues with the pitch condition., thus KPT Stadium will be used by three teams this season, other two being Karachi Port Trust and National Bank, both has used KPT Stadium as their home ground since the start of Pakistan Premier League. Player scored four goals 2012–13 Pakistan Premier League The 2012–13 Pakistan Premier League was the 9th season of the Pakistan Premier League, the Pakistani professional league for association football clubs, since its establishment in 2004. The season began on 5 September 2012 and ended on 15 January 2013. Khan Research Laboratories were the defending champions, having

title: 2012–13 Pakistan Premier League

text: 2012–13 Pakistan Premier League The 2012–13 Pakistan Premier League was the 9th season of the Pakistan Premier League, the Pakistani professional league for association football clubs, since its establishment in 2004. The season began on 5 September 2012 and ended on 15 January 2013. Khan Research Laboratories were the defending champions, having won their second Premier League title the previous season. This was their second top division league title. On 13 January 2013, Khan Research Laboratories won their third Premier League title and Pakistani titles after drawing 0–0 with Pakistan Airlines at KPT Stadium. Kaleemullah Khan became the first player

title: Government of Balochistan, Pakistan

text: Government of Balochistan, Pakistan The Government of Balochistan () is based in the largest province of Pakistan in Quetta. The head of the province is the Governor, who is nominated by the President of Pakistan. The chief executive of the Government of Balochistan is the Chief Minister who is elected by the Balochistan Assembly and the administrative boss of the province is the Chief Secretary of Balochistan who is appointed by the Prime Minister of Pakistan. The province of Balochistan in Pakistan contains most of historical Balochistan and is named after the Baloch. Neighbouring regions are Iranian Balochistan to the

title: 2012–13 Pakistan federal budget

text: in GDP in the outgoing fiscal year, compared to the previous year's target of 4.2%. 2012–13 Pakistan federal budget The Pakistan federal budget of Fiscal year of 2012–2013 was the federal budget of Pakistan for the fiscal year beginning from 1 July 2012 and ending on 30 June 2013. The budget was formally presented on 1 June 2012 by Finance Minister Dr. Abdul Hafeez Sheikh during a National Assembly session. The budget was a milestone in the context that this was the first time in the history of the country that a democratically elected government presented its fifth budget during

title: 2012–13 Pakistan federal budget

text: 2012–13 Pakistan federal budget The Pakistan federal budget of Fiscal year of 2012–2013 was the federal budget of Pakistan for the fiscal year beginning from 1 July 2012 and ending on 30 June 2013. The budget was formally presented on 1 June 2012 by Finance Minister Dr. Abdul Hafeez Sheikh during a National Assembly session. The budget was a milestone in the context that this was the first time in the history of the country that a democratically elected government presented its fifth budget during its tenure. Work on budget and recommendation on spending request was completed by Hafeez Sheikh

title: Foreign Secretary of Pakistan

text: as Foreign Secretary until 3 March 2012. He was then appointed as Pakistan's High Commisdioner to India. Jalil Abbas Jilani remained in the office from 3 March 2012 to December 2013 before he was appointed as Ambassador to the United States in December 2013. The current Foreign Secretary is Tehmina Janjua, who took the charge of this office in March 2017. Former Foreign Secretaries Government of Pakistan Foreign Secretary of Pakistan The Foreign Secretary of Pakistan is the Federal Secretary of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The Secretary, as in all other ministries of Government of Pakistan, is the bureaucratic

title: Ayub Khan (President of Pakistan)

text: Brigade in mountainous South Waziristan. When the United Kingdom announced the partition British India into India and Pakistan, he was one of the most senior serving officers in the British Indian Army who decided to opt for Pakistan in 1947. At the time of his joining, the Indian Army sent the military seniority list to Pakistan's Ministry of Defence (MoD) where he was the 10th ranking officer in terms of seniority with Service No. PA-010. In the early part of 1948, he was given the command of the 14th Infantry Division as its GOC, (still ranked Brigadier) stationed in Dacca,

title: Ayub Khan (President of Pakistan)

text: had expected this would happen at some point. Ayub Khan had to publicly offer his apologies to the Soviet Union after USSR Secretary General Nikita Khrushchev made a threat to bomb Peshawar. President Ayub directed initiatives to Foreign Office to reduce tensions with the Soviet Union by facilitating state visits of Soviet Premier Alexei Kosygin and Soviet Foreign minister Gromyko in Pakistan on a condition of downplaying relations with the United States. In 1960, he signed the historic frontier agreement with China despite the US urgings and was a significant event in history of Cold war where a non-communist country

title: Ayub Khan (President of Pakistan)

text: the meltdown of civil-military relations between the military and the civilian President. After appointing General Musa Khan as an army chief in 1958, the policy inclination towards the alliance with the United States was pursued that saw the allowance of American access to facilities inside Pakistan, most notably the airbase outside of Peshawar, from which spy missions over the Soviet Union were launched. Relations with neighboring China were strengthened but deteriorated with Soviet Union in 1962, and with India in 1965. His presidency saw the war with India in 1965 which ended with Soviet Union facilitating the Tashkent Declaration between

title: Ayub Khan (President of Pakistan)

text: American pressure and a lack of understanding of Foreign affairs Upon hearing this proposal, India's Prime Minister Nehru reportedly counter-ask "Defence Minister Ayub: Joint Defence on what?." India remained uninterested with such proposal and Prime Minister Nehru decided to push his country's role in the Non-Aligned Movement In 1960, President Ayub signed the water treaty with Prime Minister Nehru that was facilitated by the World Bank as its witness. In 1964, the Pakistan Army engaged with Indian Army in several skirmishes, and a secretive operations began to place around that time. The war with India in 1965 was a turning

title: Ayub Khan (President of Pakistan)

text: army had not shared the plans with other forces." Ayub Khan's main sponsor, the United States, did not welcome the move and the Kennedy administration placed an economic embargo that caused Pakistan to lose $500 million in aid and grants that had been received through consortium. Ayub Khan could not politically survive in the aftermath of 1965 war with India and fell from the presidency after surrendering the presidential power to Army Commander General Yahya in 1969. In 1964, President Ayub Khan had been confident in his apparent popularity and saw the deep divisions within the political opposition which ultimately

title: Prime Minister of Pakistan

text: vote of no confidence is passed by the National Assembly by not less than 20%, the Prime Minister ceases to retain the office. In the past, prime ministers (and their governments) have been dismissed by the President exercising the VIII Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan (1985), but this was repealed by the XVIII Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan (2010). In addition, the Prime Minister himself has absolute constitutional immunity from criminal and civil proceedings, and no proceedings can be initiated or continued against him during the term of his office. In 2012, the Supreme Court of Pakistan has

title: Pakistan at the 2012 Summer Olympics

text: has allocated two wild cards for Pakistan enabling an entry for the swimming event in London Summer Olympics. Pakistan at the 2012 Summer Olympics Pakistan competed at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, from 27 July to 12 August 2012. This was the nation's sixteenth appearance at the Olympics, except the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow, because of its partial support to the United States boycott. Pakistan Olympic Association sent a total of 21 athletes, 19 men and 2 women, to compete in 4 different sports. Four of their athletes were selected to the team under wild card entries, without

title: Pakistan at the 2012 Summer Olympics

text: Pakistan at the 2012 Summer Olympics Pakistan competed at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, from 27 July to 12 August 2012. This was the nation's sixteenth appearance at the Olympics, except the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow, because of its partial support to the United States boycott. Pakistan Olympic Association sent a total of 21 athletes, 19 men and 2 women, to compete in 4 different sports. Four of their athletes were selected to the team under wild card entries, without having qualified. Men's field hockey was the only team-sport in which Pakistan had its representation in these Olympic

title: Politics of Pakistan

text: Pakistan joined Non-Aligned Movement in 1979. Politics of Pakistan The politics of Pakistan takes place within the framework established by the constitution. The country is a federal parliamentary republic in which provincial governments enjoy a high degree of autonomy and residuary powers. Executive power is vested with the national cabinet which is headed by the prime minister, who works coherently along with the bicameral parliament and the judicature. Stipulations set by the constitution provide a delicate check and balance of sharing powers between executive, legislative, and judicial branches of the government. The head of state is the president who is

title: President of Pakistan

text: of the President, the Senate Chairman takes over as the Acting President until the President resumes office, or the election for the next President is held. The official residence and principal workplace of the president is Aiwan-e-Sadr— the presidential palace located in northeastern Islamabad. The presidency forms the vital institutional organ of state and is part of the bicameral Parliament. Powers to exercise the authority are limited to the ceremonial figurehead, and required to address the Parliament to give a direction for national policies before being informed of its key decisions. In addition, the President is also a civil commander-in-chief

title: Caretaker Prime Minister of Pakistan

text: President shall appoint a caretaker government. However, this must be done with the consultation of the Prime Minister and the Leader of the Opposition, who should reach a consensus on whom to choose as Caretaker PM. If this consensus is not reached, the President is free to choose a Caretaker Prime Minister of his choice, although this is usually done in consultation with the Election Commission of Pakistan. Caretaker Prime Minister of Pakistan The Caretaker Prime Minister of Pakistan () is the head of government in Pakistan following the dissolution of the National Assembly. The purpose of this post is

title: President of Pakistan

text: from the state voting in the electoral college. The constitution further states that election to the office of President will not be held earlier than sixty days and not later than thirty days before the expiration of the term of the President in office. The president is elected indirectly for a term of five years. The incumbent president is eligible for re-election to that office, but cannot hold that office for more than two consecutive terms. The president is required to make and subscribe in the presence of the Chief Justice—, an oath or affirmation that the president shall protect,

title: Presidential Standard of Pakistan

text: Presidential Standard of Pakistan The Presidential Standard of Pakistan is the official flag of the President of Pakistan. The Presidential Standard consists of the background of the Flag of Pakistan with the gold Presidential Crest replacing the white crescent and star found in the Flag of Pakistan. The Presidential Crest consists of a smaller crescent and star flanked by wheat branches with the words "Pakistan" written in Urdu underneath. The Presidential Standard is displayed only in the presence of the President of Pakistan, particularly in the office and official residence of the President of Pakistan. It is always displayed alongside

title: Chief of Air Staff (Pakistan)

text: Chief of Air Staff (Pakistan) The Chief of Air Staff () (reporting name: CAS), is a military appointment and a statutory office held by an Air Chief Marshal in the Pakistan Air Force, who is appointed by the Prime Minister of Pakistan and final confirmation by the President of Pakistan. The CAS is the highest-ranking officer of the Pakistan Air Force and only pilots are appointed in this post. The Chief of Air Staff is a senior most military appointment in the Pakistani military who is a senior member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee in a separate capacity,

title: Chief of Air Staff (Pakistan)

text: three-star rank air force general, who is responsible for flight safety, intelligence, procurement, public relations, and the Air War College. Chief of Air Staff (Pakistan) The Chief of Air Staff () (reporting name: CAS), is a military appointment and a statutory office held by an Air Chief Marshal in the Pakistan Air Force, who is appointed by the Prime Minister of Pakistan and final confirmation by the President of Pakistan. The CAS is the highest-ranking officer of the Pakistan Air Force and only pilots are appointed in this post. The Chief of Air Staff is a senior most military appointment

title: Ayub Khan (President of Pakistan)

text: his villa near Islamabad. His presidency was characterised by an increasing dependency on East Pakistan for export revenues, coupled with an exclusion of East Pakistan from political influence. This laid the foundation for breaking up of the nation's unity in 1971. Ayub Khan's presidency allied Pakistan with the American-led military alliance against the Soviet Union which helped Pakistan developed its strong economic background, long-term political and strategic relations with the United States. Major economic aid and trade from the United States and European Communities ultimately led Pakistan's industrial sector developed rapidly but the consequences of cartelization included increased inequality in

title: Chief of Naval Staff (Pakistan)

text: Chief of Naval Staff (Pakistan) The Chief of the Naval Staff (( (reporting name as CNS), is a military appointment and a Statutory office held by the four-star rank admiral in the Pakistan Navy, who is nominated and appointed by the Prime Minister of Pakistan and confirmed by the President of Pakistan. The Chief of Naval Staff is one of the senior-most appointments in the Pakistan military who is one of the senior members of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee in a separate capacity, providing senior consultation to the Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee to act as a

title: President of Pakistan

text: to be signed by either the Chairman or the Speaker National Assembly through a two-third majority. The notice is sent up to the President, and 14 days later it is taken up for consideration. A resolution to impeach the President has to be passed by the two-third majority. The Speaker National Assembly then summons the joint session not earlier than seven days. The President has the right to defend oneself. If the resolution is passed by the two-third majority at the joint session declaring that the President is unfit to hold the office due to incapacity or is guilty of

title: 2012 Pakistan factory fires

text: 2012 Pakistan factory fires Garment factories in the Pakistani cities of Karachi and Lahore caught fire on 11 September 2012. The fires occurred in a textile factory in the western part of Karachi and in a shoe making factory in Lahore. The fires are considered to be the most deadly and worst industrial factory fires in Pakistan's history, killing 289 people and seriously injuring more than 600. Pakistan has one of the largest labour and manpower resources in the world, due to its large population. According to data produced by the CIA World Factbook, the total number of Pakistan's labour

title: Minorities in Pakistan

text: climate of vigilante violence. Hindus have suffered from the climate of violence and hundreds have fled Pakistan for India." Farahnaz Ispahani who was the media advisor to the President of Pakistan from 2008 to 2012, has blamed the successive Pakistani governments of pursuing a "slow genocide" against minorities to shore up their political base, especially accusing Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq of creating a militant group to target them, the Sipah-e-Sahaba Pakistan whose sole job was to harass Shias. A BBC FAQ notes that "Beginning in 1980, a slew of clauses was added to the chapter of religious offences in the Pakistan Penal

title: 2012 Pakistan factory fires

text: fire fighting that factory was dangerous. 2012 Pakistan factory fires Garment factories in the Pakistani cities of Karachi and Lahore caught fire on 11 September 2012. The fires occurred in a textile factory in the western part of Karachi and in a shoe making factory in Lahore. The fires are considered to be the most deadly and worst industrial factory fires in Pakistan's history, killing 289 people and seriously injuring more than 600. Pakistan has one of the largest labour and manpower resources in the world, due to its large population. According to data produced by the CIA World Factbook,

title: National Assembly of Pakistan

text: include reference to a Prime Minister against whom a notice of a resolution for a note of no-confidence has been given in the National Assembly but has not been voted upon or against whom such a resolution has been passed or who is continuing in office after his resignation or after the dissolution of the National Assembly. There seat distribution in 14th assembly of Pakistan is as follows: National Assembly of Pakistan The National Assembly of Pakistan () is the lower house of the bicameral Majlis-e-Shura, which also comprises the President of Pakistan and Senate of Pakistan (upper house). The

title: Twentieth Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan

text: caretaker set-up and hold free and fair elections and matters related to the office of Chief Election Commissioner and Member of Election Commission. Twentieth Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan The Twentieth Amendment Bill to the Constitution of Pakistan (Urdu: آئین پاکستان میں بیسویں ترمیم) was passed by the National Assembly of Pakistan on February 14, 2012. It was then moved to upper house, Senate where it was passed on February 20, 2012 and signed by the President on February 28, 2012. The amendments were done in Article 48, Article 214, Article 215, Article 216, Article 218, Article 219, Article

text: Twentieth Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan The Twentieth Amendment Bill to the Constitution of Pakistan (Urdu: آئین پاکستان میں بیسویں ترمیم) was passed by the National Assembly of Pakistan on February 14, 2012. It was then moved to upper house, Senate where it was passed on February 20, 2012 and signed by the President on February 28, 2012. The amendments were done in Article 48, Article 214, Article 215, Article 216, Article 218, Article 219, Article 224, Article 224A, and to the Second & Third Schedule to the Constitution of Pakistan.It has set down a process to install a

title: Parliament of Pakistan

text: who were directly responsible to him. The electoral system was made indirect, and the `Basic Democrats', for both wings were declared Electoral College for the purpose of electing the assemblies and the president. Basic democrats were 80,000 in number (40,000 from each East and West Pakistan). The total membership of the National Assembly was 156, one half of whom were to be elected from East Pakistan and other half from West Pakistan, also three seats were reserved for women from each province. The term of this Assembly was three years. The norm was established that if the president was from

title: Pakistan–Palestine relations

text: 2012, Pakistan voted in favor of UN General Assembly Resolution 67/19 Palestine to non-member observer state status in the United Nations. Pakistan–Palestine relations Pakistan–Palestine relations are the bilateral relationship between Islamic Republic of Pakistan and the Palestinian Authority. Palestine has an embassy in Islamabad which was inaugurated on 31 January 2017. Pakistan fully supports the proposal of the creation of an independent Palestinian state. Due to Pakistan's pro-Palestinian stance, bilateral relations between Pakistan and Israel have continuously wavered over the last few years. Former President Musharraf stated that Pakistan will recognize Israel once a Palestinian state is internationally recognized. Pakistan

title: Chief of Army Staff (Pakistan)

text: Chief of Army Staff (Pakistan) The Chief of Army Staff () (reporting name: COAS), is a military appointment and statutory office held by the four-star rank army general in the Pakistan Army, who is appointed by the Prime Minister of Pakistan and final confirmation by the President of Pakistan. The Chief of Army Staff is a senior most appointment in the Pakistani military who is a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee in a separate capacity, usually consulting with the Chairman joint chiefs to act as a military adviser to the Prime Minister and its civilian government in

title: Prime Minister of Pakistan

text: affairs in which the President of Pakistan is the head of state who represents the "unity of the Republic." The system of government in Pakistan is based on codified constitution which sees the Prime Minister as "chief executive of the Republic." In addition, the Prime Minister is also the chairman of the Council of Common Interests as set by: As in most of the parliamentary democracies, a head of state's duties are mostly ceremonial. The Prime Minister of Pakistan is the head of government and has the responsibility for executive power. With Pakistan following a parliamentary system of government, the

title: Government of Balochistan, Pakistan

text: west, Afghanistan and Federally Administered Tribal Areas, Pakistan to the north and Punjab and Sindh to the east. To the south is the Arabian Sea. The principal languages in the province are Balochi, Pashto, Brahui, and Persian. Balochistan's provincial assembly consists of 65 members out of which 11 seats are reserved for women while 3 are reserved for minorities. Government of Balochistan, Pakistan The Government of Balochistan () is based in the largest province of Pakistan in Quetta. The head of the province is the Governor, who is nominated by the President of Pakistan. The chief executive of the Government

title: Ayub Khan (President of Pakistan)

text: in 1969 estimated Gohar Ayub's personal wealth at the time at $4 million, while his family's wealth was put in the range of $10–20 million. Ayub Khan is critiqued for the growth in income inequality 5 million people fell below the poverty line. He is also blamed for not doing enough to tackle the significant economic disparity between East and West Pakistan whilst he was aware of the acute grievances of East Pakistan he did try to address the situation. However, the Ayub Khan regime was so highly centralized that, in the absence of democratic institutions, densely populated and politicized

title: Prime Minister of Pakistan

text: Prime Minister who was also the Vice-President. Negotiations that fall apart between Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, Mujibur Rehman, and Yahya Khan that prompted to liberation movement in the East Pakistan. With India intervening in East Pakistan and Pakistan conceding defeat to end the war led to the collapse of the presidential system in 1971. As the comprehensive Constitution reinstated in 1973, the post was reestablished with more central powers as the constitution provided a parliamentary system with President of Pakistan as figurehead. Amid agitation instigated by the right-wing alliance invited the military intervention in 1977 which suspended the post. The general

title: Sword of Honour (Pakistan)

text: place twice in an year at the parade grounds of the respective Academies. Usually, the President of Pakistan confers this honour. On 22 September 2006, aviation cadet Saira Amin was presented with the Sword of Honour at the Passing-Out Parade of the 117th GD Pilot Course. Sword of Honour (Pakistan) The Sword of Honour is an honorary sword awarded to that “Gentleman Cadet”, "Officer Cadet", "Aviation Cadet" or “Lady Cadet” who achieves an overall best performance during his or her entire training period at the Pakistan Military Academy at Kakul, the Pakistan Air Force Academy at Risalpur, or the Pakistan

title: Civil decorations of Pakistan

text: to the President for approval. After the President's approval, the announcements are made on Independence Day and investiture takes place on Pakistan Day. The President of Pakistan can confer awards to foreign nationals any time during the year. For such awards, proposals are made by Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and approved by the President prior to conferral. The Pakistan Civil Awards consist of the following five orders: Civil decorations of Pakistan The Pakistan Civil Awards were established on March 19, 1957, following the proclamation of Pakistan as an independent republic on March 23, 1956. The announcement of civil awards is

title: Ayub Khan (President of Pakistan)

text: medium and small-scale industries in Pakistan. This opened up avenues for new job opportunities and thus the economic graph of the country started rising. He oversaw the development and completion of mega projects such as hydroelectric dams, power stations, and barrages in all over the country. During 1960–66, the annual GDP growth was recorded at 6.8%. Several energy conservation programs were completed such as World's one of the largest dam, the Mangla Dam and several small dams and water reservoirs in West Pakistan while completing one dam in East Pakistan: Kaptai Dam. Plans toward harnessing energy from nuclear sources were

title: Ayub Khan (President of Pakistan)

text: Andrew Skeen; he did not complete his degree and departed for Great Britain. Ayub Khan was fluent in Urdu, English and his regional Hindko dialect as well as Pashto. According to some accounts, Ayub Khan's performance at the Sandhurst Military Academy in the United Kingdom was good, earning him awards and scholarships. He was commissioned as a 2nd Lt. on 2 February 1928 in the 1/14th Punjab Regiment (1st Battalion of the 14th Punjab Regiment) of the British Indian Army — it is now known as the 5th battalion of the Punjab Regiment of Pakistan Army. Amongst those who passed

title: Politics of Pakistan

text: Politics of Pakistan The politics of Pakistan takes place within the framework established by the constitution. The country is a federal parliamentary republic in which provincial governments enjoy a high degree of autonomy and residuary powers. Executive power is vested with the national cabinet which is headed by the prime minister, who works coherently along with the bicameral parliament and the judicature. Stipulations set by the constitution provide a delicate check and balance of sharing powers between executive, legislative, and judicial branches of the government. The head of state is the president who is elected by the electoral college for

title: Ayub Khan (President of Pakistan)

text: East-Pakistan. In 1949, he was appointed as army commander of Eastern Command and decorated with the Hilal-i-Jurat (HJ) by Prime Minister Liaquat Ali Khan for non-combatant service and called back to Army GHQ as an adjutant-general on November of same year. Lieutenant General Sir Douglas Gracey relinquished the command of the Pakistan Army on 23 January 1951, under pressure of calls for "nationalisation" of the army. The Pakistan government already called for appointing native commanders-in-chief of army, air force, navy and dismissed deputation appointments from the British military. The Army GHQ sent the nomination papers to Prime Minister's Secretariat for

title: National Assembly of Pakistan

text: National Assembly of Pakistan The National Assembly of Pakistan () is the lower house of the bicameral Majlis-e-Shura, which also comprises the President of Pakistan and Senate of Pakistan (upper house). The National Assembly and the Senate both convene at Parliament House in Islamabad. The National Assembly is a democratically elected body consisting of a total of 342 members who are referred to as Members of the National Assembly (MNAs), of which 272 are directly elected members and 70 reserved seats for women and religious minorities. A political party must secure 137 seats to obtain and preserve a majority. Members

title: Provincial Government of East Pakistan

text: Provincial Government of East Pakistan The Provincial Government of East Pakistan governed the East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) province and was centered in its provincial capital Dhaka. The head of the province was the Governor, who was nominated by the President of Pakistan. While the head of the province of East Pakistan was the Chief Minister who was elected by the East Pakistan Assembly. The East Pakistani government was dominated by the Awami League. It was succeeded by the Government of Bangladesh following the province's secession in 1971. After absorption into the Dominion of Pakistan, the province of East Pakistan (former

title: Politics of Pakistan

text: 2000s, several coups were staged that overthrew democratic regimes. However, after the resignation of President Pervez Musharraf in 2008, a sharp line has been drawn between the Military and politics and Pakistan is moving closer to becoming a Liberal Democracy. The Economist Intelligence Unit has rated Pakistan as "hybrid regime" in 2016. The president of Pakistan, in keeping with the constitutional provision that the state religion is Islam, must be a Muslim. Elected for a five-year term by an Electoral College consisting of members of the Senate and National Assembly and members of the provincial assemblies, the president is eligible

title: Chief of Army Staff (Pakistan)

text: senior position and its officer is a four-star rank army general. All persons mentioned below have served as the Vice Chief of the Army Staff with distinction of General Abdul Hamid Khan who acted as the 'Chief of Staff' (COS) of the army under General Yahya Khan who was the President of Pakistan and also the holder of the title 'C-in-C of the Army'. Chief of Army Staff (Pakistan) The Chief of Army Staff () (reporting name: COAS), is a military appointment and statutory office held by the four-star rank army general in the Pakistan Army, who is appointed by

title: Chairman of the Senate of Pakistan

text: less than two-thirds of the total membership of the Parliament in a joint sitting of the two Houses, convened for the purpose. In case the office of the president becomes vacant for any reason, the chairman, or if he is unable to perform the functions of the office of the president, the Speaker, acts as president till such time that a president is elected. Same is the case when the president by reason of absence from Pakistan or any other cause is unable to perform his functions. Chairman of the Senate of Pakistan The Chairman of the Senate of Pakistan

title: Finland–Pakistan relations

text: from the Embassy of Pakistan in Stockholm. The new Honorary Consul General for Finland, Mr. Wille Eerola was appointed in February 2016 by the President of Pakistan. The Finnish Embassy in Islamabad, Pakistan, was closed in August 2012 due to budgetary cuts by the government. Now the Finnish Roving Ambassador to South-Asia, Mr. Rauli Suikkanen, is in charge of the Pakistan-relations, with an emphasis on developing economic co-operation. His office is based in Helsinki at the Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland. Finland has maintained an Honorary Consulate General in Karachi, as well as two other Honorary Consulates in the

title: Provincial Government of East Pakistan

text: East Bengal) was administered by a ceremonial Governor and an indirectly elected Chief Minister. During the year from May 1954 to August 1955, executive powers were exercised by the Governor and there was no Chief Minister. Provincial Government of East Pakistan The Provincial Government of East Pakistan governed the East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) province and was centered in its provincial capital Dhaka. The head of the province was the Governor, who was nominated by the President of Pakistan. While the head of the province of East Pakistan was the Chief Minister who was elected by the East Pakistan Assembly. The

title: Parliament of Pakistan

text: 3 November 1996. Seats in the Senate of Pakistan Seats in the National Assembly of Pakistan Parliament of Pakistan The Parliament of Pakistan ( — ) is the federal and supreme legislative body of Pakistan. It is a bicameral federal legislature that consists of the Senate as the upper house and the National Assembly, as the lower house. According to the constitution of Islamic Republic of Pakistan, the President of Pakistan is also a component of the Parliament. The National Assembly is elected for a five-year term on the basis of adult franchise and one-man one-vote. The tenure of a

title: La Salle Brothers, Pakistan

text: Multan Alban Academy John Paul II Hostel for Boys, Rawalpindi Marie Adelaide Rehabilitation Centre, Sindh In 2011 the Brothers formed a new district under the Australia, New Zealand and Papua New Guinea alliance. Br. Ambrose Payne now heads the mission in Pakistan. On 23 March, 2012, the President of Pakistan conferred the civil award of Tamgha-e-Pakistan (Medal of Pakistan) on La Salle Brother Emmanuel Nicholas in recognition of his outstanding and meritorious services to the education sector in Pakistan. La Salle Brothers, Pakistan The Institute of the Brothers of the Christian Schools is a Roman Catholic religious order for men.

title: President of Yemen

text: President of Yemen The President of the Republic of Yemen is the head of state of Yemen. Under the Constitution of Yemen, the president is also the Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces and head of the executive branch of the Yemeni government. The first President of unified Yemen was Ali Abdullah Saleh and the second and current President of Yemen is Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi, who took office on 27 February 2012. The legality of his claim to presidency is in question, as he was the only candidate in the 2012 election and the end of his mandate was originally

title: History of Pakistan

text: 12 March 1949, the second Constituent Assembly of Pakistan passed the Objectives Resolution which proclaimed that sovereignty over the entire universe belongs to Allah alone. The promulgation of the Constitution in 1956 led to Pakistan declaring itself an Islamic republic (official name) with the adoption of a parliamentary democratic system of government. The constitution transformed the Governor-General of Pakistan into President of Pakistan (as head of state). Subsequently, Iskander Mirza became the first Bengali president in 1956, but the democratic system was stalled after President Mirza imposed a military coup d'état and appointed Ayub Khan as an enforcer of martial

title: Government of Pakistan

text: percent (50 members including the Prime Minister) of the total strength of the Parliament. Each Cabinet member must be a member of Parliament (MP). The Cabinet Ministers chair the Cabinet and are further assisted by the Cabinet Secretary of Pakistan, whose appointment comes from the Civil Services of Pakistan. Other Ministers are Ministers of State, junior members who report directly to one of the Cabinet Ministers, often overseeing a specific aspect of government. Once appointed by the Prime Minister, all Cabinet Ministers are officially confirmed to their appointment offices by the President in a special oath of ceremony. The President

title: President of Pakistan

text: of the military, with Chairman joint chiefs being its chief military adviser to maintain the control of the military. After a thorough confirmation comes from the Prime Minister, the President confirms the judicial appointments in the national court system. In addition, the Constitution allows the President to grant pardons, reprieves, and clemency in cases recommended to him by the executive and the judiciary. The President himself has absolute constitutional immunity from criminal and civil proceedings, and no proceedings can be initiated or continued against him during the term of his office. From 2000 until 2009, the President was the chairman

title: Ayub Khan (President of Pakistan)

text: spending on nuclear technology and was against of establishing a nuclear power plant in Karachi over on cost. It was Dr. Abdus Salam who had personally approved the project against the wishes of his own government. After the Sino-Indian war in 1962, the military appointments in civilian institutions grew further and defence spending on budget hiked. The physical size of the Pakistan Army's ground troops exponentially grew and the size of military budget grew from 5.79% (1960s) to 9.78% (1966) until being brought down to 6.1% (1967). The foreign relations with the United States and European Union were prioritized and

title: Government of Pakistan

text: subordinate to him as per the aforesaid Article 41-Article 47. The President is responsible for making a wide variety of appointments. These include: The President, as Head of State also receives the credentials of Ambassadors from other countries, whilst the Prime Minister, as Head of Government, receives credentials of High Commissioners from other members of the Commonwealth, in line with historical tradition. The President is the civilian Commander in Chief of the Pakistan Armed Forces. The President of Pakistan can grant a pardon to or reduce the sentence, reprieve and respite, and remit, suspend or commute any sentence passed by

title: President of Pakistan

text: Senate Ghulam Ishaq Khan to the presidency. Conflict between Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto and President Ghulam Ishaq Khan arose in two areas regarding the issues of appointments. President Ghulam Ishaq Khan repeatedly intervened in government matters and leveled charges against Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto; thus dismissing Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto in 1990. After holding general elections in 1990, Nawaz Sharif brought up an ideologically conservative government and President Ghulam Ishaq Khan unsuccessfully tried to dismiss Sharif. After a successful intervention by Supreme Court and Chairman Joint Chiefs General Shamim Allam, President Ghulam Ishaq Khan and Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif tendered

title: President of Pakistan

text: in 1977, General Zia-ul-Haq took over the presidency in 1978. Zia's presidency oversaw the modern growth of far-right ideas in the country. Succumbing to domestic pressure to restore the Constitution, President Zia-ul-Haq held a referendum (1984) and called for general elections in 1985. President Zia-ul-Haq appointed Mohammad Junejo as Prime Minister and assumed more powers through the constitutional amendment. After dismissing Prime Minister Junejo, President Zia-ul-Haq announced that new general elections would be held, but President Zia died in a place crash in 1988. The general elections held in 1988 witnessed the victory of PPP in 1988, and appointed Chairman

title: Parliament of Pakistan

text: Parliament of Pakistan The Parliament of Pakistan ( — ) is the federal and supreme legislative body of Pakistan. It is a bicameral federal legislature that consists of the Senate as the upper house and the National Assembly, as the lower house. According to the constitution of Islamic Republic of Pakistan, the President of Pakistan is also a component of the Parliament. The National Assembly is elected for a five-year term on the basis of adult franchise and one-man one-vote. The tenure of a Member of the National Assembly is for the duration of the house, or sooner, in case

title: History of Pakistan

text: 1972 the leftist Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP) led by Zulfikar Ali Bhutto came to power and in 1973 Pakistan's elected parliament promulgated the 1973 Constitution which proclaimed that no Pakistani law could contradict Islamic laws from the Quran and Sunnah. Bhutto faced vigorous opposition which united under the banner of Nizam e Mustafa (Rule of the Prophet) and demanded the establishment of an Islamic state. In 1977 Bhutto was deposed in a bloodless coup by General Zia-ul-Haq, who became the country's third military president. Zia-ul-Haq committed himself to the establishment of Sharia law in Pakistan. With the death of President