query: who is president of france?

title: President of France

text: to. He was succeeded by Nicolas Sarkozy on 16 May 2007. Following a further change, the constitutional law on the modernisation of the institutions of the Fifth Republic, 2008, a President cannot serve more than two consecutive terms. François Mitterrand and Jacques Chirac are the only Presidents to date who have served a full two terms (14 years for the former, 12 years for the latter). In order to be admitted as an official candidate, potential candidates must receive signed nominations (informally known as "parrainages", for "sponsors") from more than 500 elected officials, mostly mayors. These officials must be from

title: President of France

text: proto-canon of the Basilica of St. John Lateran in Rome. The current President of France is Emmanuel Macron, who succeeded François Hollande on 14 May 2017. The presidency of France was first publicly proposed during the July Revolution of 1830, when it was offered to the Marquis de Lafayette, who demurred in favor of Prince Louis Phillipe. 18 years later, during the opening phases of the 2nd Republic, the title was created for a popularly elected Head of state, the first of whom was Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte, nephew of the Emperor. Bonaparte served until he staged an auto coup against the

title: President of France

text: receive a car with chauffeur, and the personnel in their living space were cut as well. Additionally, the number of assistants available for their use has been reduced, but a state flat or house remains available for former Presidents. Train tickets are also available if the trip is justified by the office of the former President. The security personnel around former Presidents remained unchanged. The most recent president to die was François Mitterrand (served 1981–1995) on 8 January 1996, aged 79. President of France The President of the French Republic (, ) is the executive head of state of France

title: President of France

text: quite powerful. Although it is the Prime Minister of France, the Government as well as the Parliament that oversee much of the nation's actual day-to-day affairs, especially in domestic issues, the French President wields significant influence and authority, especially in the fields of national security and foreign policy. The President's greatest power is his/her ability to choose the Prime Minister. However, since the French National Assembly has the sole power to dismiss the Prime Minister's government, the President is forced to name a Prime Minister who can command the support of a majority in the assembly. He or she has

title: President of France

text: President of France The President of the French Republic (, ) is the executive head of state of France in the French Fifth Republic. In French terms, the presidency is the supreme magistracy of the country. The powers, functions and duties of prior presidential offices, and their relation with the Prime Minister and Cabinet, have over time differed with the various French constitutions since 1848 (the final end of the French Monarchy). The President of the French Republic is also the "ex officio" Co-Prince of Andorra, Grand Master of the Légion d'honneur and the National Order of Merit, and honorary

title: President of France

text: also the duty of abritrating the well-functioning of governmental authorities for efficient service, as the Head of State of France. Since 2002, the mandate of the President and the Assembly are both five years, and the two elections are close to each other. Therefore, the likelihood of a "cohabitation" is lower. Among the powers of the government: All decisions of the President must be countersigned by the Prime Minister, except dissolving the French National Assembly, choice of Prime Minister, dispositions of Article 19. The constitutional attributions of the president are defined in Title II of the Constitution of France. Article

title: President of France

text: time in 1974 after Georges Pompidou's death. In this situation, the President of the Senate becomes Acting President of the Republic; he or she does not become the new President of the Republic as elected and therefore does not have to resign from his or her position as President of the Senate. In spite of his title as Acting President of the Republic, Poher is regarded in France as a former President and is listed in the presidents' gallery on the official presidential website. This is in contrast to acting presidents from the Third Republic. The first round of a

title: President of France

text: resulted in legal controversies. The President of the Republic enjoys immunity during his term: he cannot be requested to testify before any jurisdiction, he cannot be prosecuted, etc. However, the statute of limitation is suspended during his term, and enquiries and prosecutions can be restarted, at the latest one month after he leaves office. The President is not deemed personally responsible for his actions in his official capacity, except where his actions are indicted before the International Criminal Court (France is a member of the ICC and the President is a French citizen as another following the Court's rules) or

title: President of France

text: 17 The President of the Republic has the right to grant pardon. Article 18 The President of the Republic shall communicate with the two assemblies of Parliament by means of messages, which he shall cause to be read and which shall not be the occasion for any debate. He can also give an address in front of the Congress of France in Versailles. Outside sessions, Parliament shall be convened especially for this purpose. Article 19 Acts of the President of the Republic, other than those provided for under articles 8 (first paragraph), 11, 12, 16, 18, 54, 56 and 61,

title: Jacques Chirac's second term as President of France

text: various fraudulent schemes he has been named in. While he is currently immune from prosecution as a president, prescription (i.e. the statute of limitations) does not apply. His authority was seriously weakened by the October–November 2005 Paris suburb riots in which hundreds of cars and numerous warehouses were set alight throughout France by thousands of alienated North African immigrants who complain of widespread discrimination and unemployment. The riots were triggered by the accidental deaths of two North African immigrants in a poor Paris suburb named Clichy-sous-Bois who were rumoured to be fleeing from police. Chirac later acknowledged that France had

title: President of France

text: of so-called "presidential amnesties", which are something of a misnomer: after the election of a president, and of a National Assembly of the same party, parliament traditionally votes a law granting amnesty for some petty crimes. This practice has been increasingly criticized, particularly because it is believed to incite people to commit traffic offences in the months preceding the election. Such an amnesty law may also authorize the president to designate individuals who have committed certain categories of crimes to be offered amnesty, if certain conditions are met. Such individual measures have been criticized for the political patronage that they

title: President of France

text: president of the republic are exercised by the "Gouvernement", meaning the Cabinet. This has been interpreted by some constitutional academics as meaning first the Prime Minister and, if he is himself not able to act, the members of the cabinet in the order of the list of the decree that nominated them. This is in fact unlikely to happen, because if the president of the Senate is not able to act, the Senate will normally name a new president of the Senate, that will act as President of the Republic. During the Third French Republic the President of the Council

title: Who's Who in France

text: Who's Who in France Who's Who in France is a biographical dictionary published in France and written in French. In France it is simply "le "Who's Who"". The first edition of "Who's Who in France" was published in 1953 by Jacques Lafitte. In 1974, Marie-Thérèse Lafitte succeeded her husband after his death. In 1984 the company was bought by Antoine Hébrard. At the beginning of the new millennium, a special book was written by Béatrice and Michel Wattel about the deceased people who were in "Who's Who in France" during their lifetime. The second edition (2005, printed in 2004) is

title: President of France

text: of Ministers acted as President whenever office was vacant. According to article 7 of the Constitution, if the presidency becomes vacant for any reason, or if the president becomes incapacitated, upon the request of the "gouvernement", the Constitutional Council may rule, by a majority vote, that the presidency is to be temporarily assumed by the President of the Senate. If the Council rules that the incapacity is permanent, the same procedure as for the resignation is applied, as described above. If the President cannot attend meetings, including meetings of the Council of Ministers, he can ask the Prime Minister to

title: President of France

text: where impeachment is moved against him. Impeachment can be pronounced by the Republican High Court, a special court convened from both houses of Parliament on the proposal of either House, should the president have failed to discharge his duties in a way that evidently precludes the continuation of his term. Upon the death, removal, or resignation of the President, the President of the Senate takes over as acting president. Alain Poher is the only person to have served in this temporary position, and has done so twice: the first time in 1969 after Charles de Gaulle's resignation and a second

title: President of France

text: is forbidden, but official time is given to candidates on public TV. An independent agency regulates election and party financing. French presidential elections are conducted via run-off voting, which ensures that the elected president always obtains a majority: if no candidate receives a majority of votes in the first round of voting, the two highest-scoring candidates arrive at a run-off. After the president is elected, he or she goes through a solemn investiture ceremony called a ""passation des pouvoirs"" ("handing over of powers"). The French Fifth Republic is a semi-presidential system. Unlike many other European presidents, the French President is

title: Who's Who in France

text: published with the title "Qui était qui, XXe siècle" ("Who was Who, XXth Century"). The first photographs (in black and white) appeared (after about 50 years) on paper in the 36th edition for 2005, printed in 2004. In 2011, Charles de Saint Sauveur revealed in "Le Parisien" a problem for "Who's Who in France" about the "exact" year of birth of the actress Arielle Dombasle. In April 2013, it was noticed that "Who's Who in France" wrote falsely that Gilles Bernheim (Chief Rabbi of France) was an ""agrégé de philosophie"". Who's Who in France Who's Who in France is a

title: President of France

text: 5 The President of the Republic shall see that the Constitution is observed. He shall ensure, by his arbitration, the proper functioning of the public authorities and the continuity of the State. He shall be the guarantor of national independence, territorial integrity and observance of treaties. Article 8 The President of the Republic shall appoint the Prime Minister. He shall terminate the appointment of the Prime Minister when the latter tenders the resignation of the Government. On the proposal of the Prime Minister, he shall appoint the other members of the Government and terminate their appointments. Article 9 The President

title: President of France

text: new presidential election must be organized no sooner than twenty days and no later than thirty-five days following the vacancy of the presidency. Because fifteen days can separate the first and second rounds of a presidential election, this means that the President of the Senate can only act as President of the Republic for a maximum period of fifty days. During this interim period, acting presidents are not allowed to dismiss the national assembly nor are they allowed to call for a referendum or initiate any constitutional changes. If there is no president of the senate, the powers of the

title: Protestant Federation of France

text: Protestant Federation of France The Protestant Federation of France ("Fédération protestante de France") is a religious organisation created on 25 October 1905, which united the principal Protestant Christian groupings in France. The current president is François Clavairoly, who took over from previous president Claude Baty in 2013. The Protestant Federation of France may be further divided as follows: Exhaustive list (2007) of Churches or unions of Churches which are members of the PFF: In addition the Assemblies of God of France (Assemblées de Dieu de France) are currently in dialogue with the PFF with the eventual aim of becoming full

title: President of France

text: of the Republic shall preside over the Council of Ministers. Article 10 The President of the Republic shall promulgate Acts of Parliament within fifteen days following the final adoption of an Act and its transmission to the Government. He may, before the expiry of this time limit, ask Parliament to reconsider the Act or sections of the Act. Reconsideration shall not be refused. "While the president has to sign all acts adopted by parliament into law, he cannot refuse to do so and exercise a kind of right of veto; his only power in that matter is to ask for

title: President of France

text: a single reconsideration of the law by parliament and this power is subject to countersigning by the Prime minister." Article 11 The President could submit laws to the people in a referendum with advice and consent of the cabinet. Article 12 The President of the Republic may, after consulting the Prime Minister and the Presidents of the assemblies, declare the National Assembly dissolved. A general election shall take place not less than twenty days and not more than forty days after the dissolution. The National Assembly shall convene as of right on the second Thursday following its election. Should it

title: President of France

text: attend in his stead (Constitution, article 21). This clause has been applied by presidents travelling abroad, ill, or undergoing surgery. During the Second French Republic, there was a Vice President. The only person to ever hold the position was Henri Georges Boulay de la Meurthe. Four French presidents have died in office: The President of the Republic is paid a salary according to a pay grade defined in comparison to the pay grades of the most senior members of the French Civil Service ("out of scale", "hors échelle", those whose pay grades are known as letters and not as numeric

title: President of France

text: shall be countersigned by the Prime Minister and, where required, by the appropriate ministers. Article 49 Para 3 allows the President to adopt a law on his authority. To this end, the Prime Minister goes before the Lower and Upper houses, reads out the bill to the legislators and closes with "the administration engages its responsibility" on the foregoing. Deprived of Gaullist party support halfway into his seven-year term spanning 1974 to 1981, president Valéry Giscard d'Estaing relied heavily on this provision to stalemate Paris mayor Jacques Chirac's attempt to bring him back under Gaullist control. There is a tradition

title: President of France

text: so convene outside the period prescribed for the ordinary session, a session shall be called by right for a fifteen-day period. No further dissolution shall take place within a year following this election. Article 13 The President of the Republic shall sign the ordinances and decrees deliberated upon in the Council of Ministers. He shall make appointments to the civil and military posts of the State. [...] Article 14 The President of the Republic shall accredit ambassadors and envoys extraordinary to foreign powers ; foreign ambassadors and envoys extraordinary shall be accredited to him. Article 15 The President of the

title: President of France

text: republic, proclaiming himself Emperor Napoleon III. Under the Third and Fourth Republic, which were parliamentary systems, the office of President of the Republic was a largely ceremonial and powerless one. The Constitution of the Fifth Republic greatly increased the President's powers. A 1962 referendum changed the constitution, so that the President would be directly elected by universal suffrage and not by the Parliament. In 2000, a referendum shortened the presidential term from seven years to five years. A maximum of two consecutive terms was imposed after the 2008 constitutional reform. Since the referendum on the direct election of the President

title: The President Is Missing (novel)

text: It is a code name for a cyber security operation that America is running after its systems were hacked. The president is boggled as to who may have leaked this information. The President invites Nina to the White House. He is determined to know the source of the leak. Nina tells the president that she only has half of the information the president needs. In order for the president to get the full story, he must meet her partner who will give him the remaining pieces of the puzzle. Nina asks the president to meet her partner (Augie) in a

title: President of the Senate

text: with Senators ("Senatoren") being the holders of ministerial portfolios. In Danzig the President of the Senate ("Präsident des Senats") was an office equivalent to that of prime minister in other countries. The Senate of France elects a president from among its own number. The President of the French Senate stands first in line of succession in case of death or resignation of the President of the Republic, becoming acting president until a presidential election can be held. This most recently occurred with Alain Poher, who was senate president from 1968 to 1992 and who served as interim president on two

title: The President Is Coming

text: The President Is Coming The President Is Coming is a 2009 Indian satirical mockumentary film directed by Kunaal Roy Kapur based on his play by the same title which premiered at the Royal Court/Rage Theatre Festival in Mumbai in January 2006. The film, written by Anuvab Pal, marks Kapur's debut as a director and features an ensemble cast including Konkona Sen Sharma as a Bengali writer and a social activist. The film explores a day in the life of six contestants who will stop at nothing as the US President is coming to town. Konkona plays Maya Roy, one of

title: President of France

text: of the French Republic in 1962, the officeholder has been directly elected by universal suffrage; he or she was previously elected by an electoral college. After the referendum on the reduction of the mandate of the President of the French Republic, 2000, the length of the term was reduced to five years from the previous seven; the first election to a shorter term was held in 2002. President Jacques Chirac was first elected in 1995 and again in 2002. At that time, there was no limit on the number of terms, so Chirac could have run again, but chose not

title: President of Tunisia

text: may in exceptional circumstances put certain draft laws to a referendum. Article 87 specifies that the president enjoys legal immunity while in office. Since the promulgation of a republican constitution in June 1959, three years after gaining independence from France, Tunisia has had just three directly elected presidents. The first president was Habib Bourguiba, who became the country's first president after the proclamation of a republic in 1957; he had been the country's de facto leader as prime minister since independence in 1956. He was formally elected to the post in 1959, and was proclaimed president for life in 1975.

title: President of France

text: allow. Still, it is argued that such amnesty laws help reduce prison overpopulation. An amnesty law was passed in 2002; none have yet been passed . The difference between an amnesty and a presidential pardon is that the former clears all subsequent effects of the sentencing, as though the crime had not been committed, while pardon simply relieves the sentenced individual from part or all of the remainder of the sentence. Articles 67 and 68 organize the regime of criminal responsibility of the President. They were reformed by a 2007 constitutional act, in order to clarify a situation that previously

title: President of France

text: Republic shall be commander-in-chief of the armed forces. He shall preside over the higher national defence councils and committees. Article 16 Where the institutions of the Republic, the independence of the Nation, the integrity of its territory or the fulfilment of its international commitments are under serious and immediate threat, and where the proper functioning of the constitutional public authorities is interrupted, the President of the Republic shall take the measures required by these circumstances, after formally consulting the Prime Minister, the Presidents of the assemblies and the Constitutional Council. He shall inform the Nation of these measures in a

title: President of France

text: of the Constitutional Council. They also get personnel, an apartment and/or office, and other amenities, though the legal basis for these is disputed. In 2008, according to an answer by the services of the Prime Minister to a question from member of the National Assembly René Dosière, these facilities comprised: a security detail, a car with a chauffeur, first class train tickets and an office or housing space, maintained by the State. Two people service this space. In addition, the State funds 7 permanent assistants. President Hollande announced a reform of the system in 2016. Former Presidents will no longer

title: President of France

text: fits the 19,000 € quoted to the press in early 2008. Using the pay grades starting from 1 July 2009, this amounts to a gross monthly pay of 21,131 €. The salary and the residence stipend are taxable for income tax. The official residence and office of the president is the Élysée Palace in Paris. Other presidential residences include: There are four living former French presidents: According to French law, Former Presidents have guaranteed lifetime pension defined according to the pay grade of the Councillors of State, a courtesy diplomatic passport, and, according to the French Constitution (Article 56), membership

title: My Girlfriend Is the President

text: Junichiro no Theme'. My Girlfriend Is the President Osananajimi wa Daitouryou: My Girlfriend Is the President (幼なじみは大統領: MY GIRLFRIEND IS THE PRESIDENT "Osananajimi wa Daitōryō: Mai Gārufurendo Izu za Purejidento") is a visual novel developed by Alcot and later released in English by JAST USA. The game centers on protagonist Junichiro Hondo who awakes one morning to discover his next-door-neighbor and lifelong friend Yukino Ohama has suddenly become president of the fictitious United States of Nippon (Japan). The player assumes the role of Junichiro Hondo, alike a typical visual novel, the amount of game play is minimal. Occasionally interactions in

title: My Girlfriend Is the President

text: My Girlfriend Is the President Osananajimi wa Daitouryou: My Girlfriend Is the President (幼なじみは大統領: MY GIRLFRIEND IS THE PRESIDENT "Osananajimi wa Daitōryō: Mai Gārufurendo Izu za Purejidento") is a visual novel developed by Alcot and later released in English by JAST USA. The game centers on protagonist Junichiro Hondo who awakes one morning to discover his next-door-neighbor and lifelong friend Yukino Ohama has suddenly become president of the fictitious United States of Nippon (Japan). The player assumes the role of Junichiro Hondo, alike a typical visual novel, the amount of game play is minimal. Occasionally interactions in the game are

title: The President Is Coming

text: "The Times of India" wrote, "Performance-wise, it's the uptight and complex-ridden Ms. Konkona who walks away with laurels and laughs even as the film takes a healthy snigger at the desi self." The President Is Coming The President Is Coming is a 2009 Indian satirical mockumentary film directed by Kunaal Roy Kapur based on his play by the same title which premiered at the Royal Court/Rage Theatre Festival in Mumbai in January 2006. The film, written by Anuvab Pal, marks Kapur's debut as a director and features an ensemble cast including Konkona Sen Sharma as a Bengali writer and a

text: international action to curb global warming and climate change concerns. He warned that "humanity is dancing on a volcano" and called for serious action by the world's leading industrialized nations. Jacques Chirac's second term as President of France At age 69, Jacques Chirac faced his fourth campaign for the French Presidency in 2002. He was the first choice of fewer than one voter in five in the first round of voting of the presidential elections of April 2002. It had been expected that he would face incumbent prime minister Lionel Jospin on the second round of elections; instead, Chirac faced

title: The President Is Missing (novel)

text: stadium where a baseball game is scheduled to take place later that week on a Friday. The president arrives at the stadium, incognito, and without the Secret Service's protection and meets Augie. Unknown to him, Suliman Cindoruk, running a cell called Sons of Jihad, had contracted mercenaries to assassinate Nina and Augie. As Augie and the president leave the stadium, the assassin aims her gun at Nina, who is waiting for the president and Augie. The president, sensing danger, takes into practice what he learned as a Ranger. He takes over Augie's gun and manages to shoot two members of

title: The President Is Missing (novel)

text: Unites States would view such an act as a declaration of war by the state sponsor of that action. The president then speaks with his inner circle to discuss threats, at which point it is revealed that a water treatment plant was contaminated, and the consensus view of the attendants is that this is the target of Dark Ages; this is overruled by the president, who predicts this is a ploy to move their expertise away from Washington. It is soon revealed that there are basically two different issues the president and his team have to handle: In the end

title: The President Is Missing (novel)

text: headed to and plants another ground team on a bridge linking DC to Virginia. An attack ensues and the president is saved by the heroic acts of the vehicle's driver, Davis, who takes the hit and dies as a result. The president is whisked into another car and drives off with Augie leaving the Secret Service team behind. He arrives at the Blue House (the code name for his Chief of Staff's residence) where he takes stock of the events of the evening. The White House is put under lockdown and the president must take control of the nation remotely

title: The President Is Missing (video game)

text: The audiotape that comes with the game contains news reports, recorded messages by the President of the United States and the President of France while in captivity, intercepted telephone calls, an interview with the First Lady, and intercepts of Morse code messages. The game includes tools to decipher Morse code messages and other coded clues. If the player learned where a hostage or hostages were being held, he could send a special strike team to a particular address. The strike team would then report its findings, which could include other clues. The computer terminal also has two secret files, one

title: The President Is Coming

text: the six contestants who will represent New India in front of the President. In 2006, George W. Bush, President of the United States, visits India. In addition to the many diplomatic and political things on the agenda is a rather unusual event — a meeting with the young faces responsible for shaping "The New India". The six contestants are Maya Roy, India's best young writer; Ajay Karlekar, India's best young social activist; Archana Kapoor, India's best young entrepreneur; Rohit Seth, call center accent trainer; Kapil Dev Dholakia, India's best young stock investor, and Ramesh S, software engineer. They have to

title: President of the Senate

text: President of the Senate The President of the Senate is a title often given to the presiding officer of a senate, and is the speaker of other assemblies. The senate president often ranks high in a jurisdiction's succession for its top executive office: for example, the President of the Senate of Nigeria is second in line for succession to the presidency, after only the Vice President of the Federal Republic, while in France, which has no vice president, the Senate President is first in line to succeed to the Presidential powers and duties. The Argentine Senate is presided over by

title: Government of France

text: Government of France The Government of the French Republic () exercises executive power in France. It is composed of the Prime Minister, who is the head of government, and both junior and senior ministers. Senior ministers are titled as Ministers (), whereas junior ministers are titled as Secretaries of State (). A smaller and more powerful executive body, called the Council of Ministers (), is composed only of the senior ministers, though some Secretaries of State may attend Council meetings. The Council of Ministers is chaired by the President of the Republic, unlike the government, but is still led by

title: President of France

text: message. The measures must stem from the desire to provide the constitutional public authorities, in the shortest possible time, with the means to carry out their duties. The Constitutional Council shall be consulted with regard to such measures. Parliament shall convene as of right. The National Assembly shall not be dissolved during the exercise of the emergency powers. "Article 16, allowing the President a limited form of rule by decree for a limited period of time in exceptional circumstance, has been used only once, by Charles de Gaulle during the Algerian War, from 23 April to 29 September 1961." Article

title: Who is a Jew?

text: proximity to the Crimean Tatars, to whom Berger views the Karaites as being related. Nazis still retained hostility towards the Karaites, on grounds of their religion; and there were a number of small scale massacres of Karaites. In German-occupied France an ordinance defined a Jew as an individual who belonged to the Jewish religion or who had more than two Jewish grandparents. The Vichy régime in southern France defined a Jew as an individual with three Jewish grandparents or two grandparents if his/her spouse was Jewish. Richard Weisberg points out that this was a potentially broader classification than the one

title: Vice President of Venezuela

text: Vice President of Venezuela The Vice President of Venezuela (), officially known as the Executive Vice President of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (), is the second highest political position in the government of Venezuela. The Vice President is the direct collaborator of the President of the Republic according to the Constitution. The office of Vice President appeared in the Constitution of 1830 until the Constitution of 1858, and once again in the Constitution of 1999. However, in its current (1999) incarnation, the office is more akin to a Prime Minister in systems as those of France and South Korea.

title: President of Algeria

text: President of Algeria The President of Algeria is the head of state and chief executive of Algeria, as well as the commander-in-chief of the Algerian People's National Armed Forces. The Tripoli Program, which served as Algeria's constitution when it won its war for independence from France in 1962, established the President as the head of state with a Prime Minister assisting in the operation of government. Internal political maneuvering resulted in a new constitution in 1963 that abolished the Prime Minister position and devolved all executive power upon the office of the President. For the first four decades of independence

title: The President Is Missing (novel)

text: in order to prevent an impending cyber attack on America. The questions that the president must answer are who sent the assassins, how to prevent the attack and how to find the White House insider who leaked the code "Dark Ages" to Nina and Augie. The president had previously arranged a covert meeting between himself, the Prime Minister of Israel, Chancellor of Germany, and The President of Russia, the first two are greeted warmly and explained the full extent of Dark Ages by Augie, an attack that destroys all of the internet connected devices within the United States of America,

text: proposed document by a wide margin, which was interpreted by some as a rebuke to Chirac and his government. Two days later, Jean-Pierre Raffarin resigned and Chirac appointed Dominique de Villepin as Prime Minister of France. In an address to the nation, Chirac has declared that the new cabinet's top priority would be to curb the unemployment level, which consistently hovers above 10%, calling for a "national mobilization" to that effect. One of the main promises of Jean-Pierre Raffarin when he became Prime Minister had been to spur growth and that "the end of President Chirac's term would be marked

title: President of Portugal

text: affairs, the Portuguese President wields significant influence and authority, especially in the fields of national security and foreign policy (but less than other "strong" semi-presidential systems, such as France). The President is the Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces, holds the nation's most senior office, and outranks all other politicians. The President's greatest power is their ability to choose the Prime Minister. However, since the Assembly of the Republic has the sole power to dismiss the Prime Minister's government, the Prime Minister named by the President must have the confidence of the majority of the representatives in the assembly, otherwise

title: Politics of France

text: innocence; freedom of speech; freedom of opinion including freedom of religion; the guarantee of property against arbitrary seizure; the accountability of government agents to the citizenry. France has a semi-presidential system of government, with both a President and a Prime Minister, the latter of which is responsible to the French Parliament. A presidential candidate is required to obtain a nationwide majority of non-blank votes at either the first or second round of balloting, which implies that the President is somewhat supported by at least half of the voting population. As a consequence, the President of France is the pre-eminent figure

title: Departments of France

text: "chef-lieu d'arrondissement". Each department is administered by a departmental council ("conseil départemental"), an assembly elected for six years by universal suffrage, with the president of the council as executive of the department. Before 1982, the chief executive of the department was the prefect ("préfet"), who represents the French government in each department and is appointed by the president of France. The prefect is assisted by one or more sub-prefects ("sous-préfet") based in the subprefectures of the department. Since 1982, the prefect retains only the powers that are not delegated to the department councils. In practice, his role has been largely

text: Jacques Chirac's second term as President of France At age 69, Jacques Chirac faced his fourth campaign for the French Presidency in 2002. He was the first choice of fewer than one voter in five in the first round of voting of the presidential elections of April 2002. It had been expected that he would face incumbent prime minister Lionel Jospin on the second round of elections; instead, Chirac faced controversial far right politician Jean-Marie Le Pen of the law-and-order, anti-immigrant National Front, and won re-election by a landslide; most parties outside the National Front had called for opposing Le

title: Prime Minister of France

text: The 1958 Constitution includes several provisions intended to strengthen the prime minister's position, for instance by restricting the legislature's power to vote censure. The current prime minister is Édouard Philippe, who was appointed on 15 May 2017. Prime Minister of France The French Prime Minister () in the Fifth Republic is the head of government. During the Third and Fourth Republics, the head of government position was called President of the Council of Ministers (), generally shortened to President of the Council (). The Prime Minister proposes a list of ministers to the President of the Republic. Decrees and decisions

title: President of Lebanon

text: Michel Aoun as President. The constitution requires the president hold the same qualifications as a member of Parliament (also called the Chamber of Deputies), which are Lebanese citizenship and attainment of the age of twenty-one. Though not specifically stated in the constitution, an understanding known as the National Pact, agreed in 1943, customarily limits the office to members of the Maronite Christian faith. This is based on a gentlemen's agreement between Lebanon's Maronite Christian President Bechara El Khoury and his Sunni Muslim Prime Minister Riad Al Solh, which was reached in 1943, when Lebanon became independent of France, and described

title: Miss France

text: Miss France Miss France is a national beauty pageant in France held each year in December, and the winner is designated by the year that begins in the ensuing January. The trademark is owned by the company "Miss France SAS". Local and regional pageants that provide entrants for the Miss France contest are organized by the "Comité Miss France", whose emblematic president was Geneviève de Fontenay during 20 years. The current Miss France is Vaimalama Chaves of Tahiti who was crowned on 15 December 2018 in Lille, Nord-Pas-de-Calais. Her prizes included 100,000 euros in gifts, use of a Paris apartment

title: President

text: Thus, sometimes the president and prime minister can be allies, sometimes rivals; the latter situation is known in France as cohabitation. Variants of the French semi-presidential system, developed at the beginning of the Fifth Republic by Charles de Gaulle, are used in France, Portugal, Romania, Taiwan, Sri Lanka and several post-colonial countries which have emulated the French model. In Finland, although the 2000 constitution moved towards a ceremonial presidency, the system is still formally semi-presidential, with the President of Finland retaining e.g. foreign policy and appointment powers. The parliamentary republic, is a parliamentary system in which the presidency is largely

title: President

text: multiple judges is the foremost judge; he chairs the meeting of the court and directs the debates (and this thus addressed as "Mrs President", "Madame la Présidente", Mr President", or "Monsieur le Président". In general, a court comprises several chambers, each with its own president; thus the most senior of these is called the "first president" (as in: "the First President of the Court of Cassation is the most senior judge in France"). Similarly in English legal practice the most senior judge in each division uses this title (e.g. President of the Family Division, President of the Court of Appeal).

title: Who Is Ireland's Enemy?

text: Who Is Ireland's Enemy? Who Is Ireland's Enemy? is an Irish poem authored by Brian O'Higgins as part of the Irish nationalist response to the First World War and became popular during the conscription crisis of 1918. It first featured in "Irish Freedom" in September 1914, in an edition entitled "Germany Is Not Ireland's Enemy"; that year the journal was suppressed by the British authorities. O'Higgins was a member of Sinn Féin (later a president of the party) and was opposed to Irishmen fighting in the First World War. O'Higgins' poem was one of the more visceral of the anti-recruitment

title: Who Is Ireland's Enemy?

text: glen and bay, And in your name, oh Holy Dead, Our sacred debt to pay! </poem> Who Is Ireland's Enemy? Who Is Ireland's Enemy? is an Irish poem authored by Brian O'Higgins as part of the Irish nationalist response to the First World War and became popular during the conscription crisis of 1918. It first featured in "Irish Freedom" in September 1914, in an edition entitled "Germany Is Not Ireland's Enemy"; that year the journal was suppressed by the British authorities. O'Higgins was a member of Sinn Féin (later a president of the party) and was opposed to Irishmen fighting

title: Vichy France

text: measures used by Pierre Laval have been denounced by those historians who hold that the vote did not, therefore, have Constitutional legality (See subsection: "Conditions of armistice and 10 July 1940 vote of full powers"). In later years, de Gaulle's position was reiterated by president Mitterrand. "I will not apologize in the name of France. The Republic had nothing to do with this. I do not believe France is responsible," he said in September 1994. The first President to accept responsibility for the arrest and deportation of Jews from France was Jacques Chirac, in a 16 July 1995 speech. He

title: Who Is Killing the Great Chefs of Europe?

text: Who Is Killing the Great Chefs of Europe? Who Is Killing the Great Chefs of Europe? is a 1978 comedy mystery film starring George Segal, Jacqueline Bisset and Robert Morley based on the novel "Someone is Killing the Great Chefs of Europe" by Nan and Ivan Lyons. It was released in the U.K. under the title Too Many Chefs. The chefs are each killed in a manner reflecting their most famous dishes (for example, the lobster chef is drowned). The film was co-produced by the U.S., Italy, France and West Germany. The film was originally distributed by Warner Bros. and

title: The President Is Missing (novel)

text: The President Is Missing (novel) The President Is Missing is a political thriller novel by former US President Bill Clinton and novelist James Patterson published in June 2018. It is Clinton's first novel. A television adaptation is being developed by Showtime. The disappearance of the U.S. President, Jonathan Lincoln Duncan, a former Army Ranger and a Gulf War veteran, comes as a cybercrime attack jeopardizing Secret Service protection. The book begins with the president rehearsing his appearance before Congress over impending impeachment proceedings. It has been discovered that the president made a phone call to Suliman Cindoruk, a cyber terrorist

title: China–France relations

text: the Olympic torch. Chinese President Hu Jintao subsequently sent a special envoy to France to help strengthen relations. However, relations again soured after President Sarkozy met the Dalai Lama in Poland in 2009. Chinese Prime Minister Wen Jiabao omitted France in his tour of Europe in response, his assistant foreign minister saying of the rift "The one who tied the knot should be the one who unties it." French Prime Minister Jean-Pierre Raffarin was quoted in "Le Monde" as saying that France had no intention of "encourag[ing] Tibetan separatism". China–France relations China–France relations, also known as Sino-French relations or Franco-Chinese

title: Politics of France

text: before a commission made of equal numbers of members of both houses, which tries to harmonize the text. If it does not manage to do so, the National Assembly can vote the text and have the final say on it (except for laws related to the organization of the Senate). The law is then sent to the President of France for signature. At this point, the President of France, the speaker of either house or a delegation of 60 deputies or 60 senators can ask for the text to undergo constitutional review before being put into force; it is then

title: Who Is Ireland's Enemy?

text: who died as they? Who robbed us of MacSwiney brave? Who murdered Mellows, too, Sent Barry to a felon's grave, And slaughtered Cathal Brugha? Not Germany nor Austria, Not Russia, France nor Spain That robbed and reaved this land of ours, And forged her heavy chains; But England of the wily words – A crafty, treacherous foe – 'Twas England scourged our Motherland, 'Twas England laid her low! Rise up, oh dead of Ireland! And rouse her living men, The chance will come to us at last To win our own again, To sweep the English enemy From hill and

title: Institute of Actuaries of France

text: Institute of Actuaries of France The Institute of Actuaries () is the association of actuaries in France. The Institute was created in 2001 by a merger of the Institute of Actuaries of France and the French Federation of Actuaries. The Institute is a full member of the International Actuarial Association and the Groupe Consultatif. As of 2012, it has about 3 000 full members. Current president of the Institute is Thomas Behar. In France the education of future actuaries will be facilitated by the national education system. The actuarial profession in France, in itself, has no such responsibility any more.

title: President

text: Trade" and "Lord President of the Council" in the United Kingdom, as well as "President of the Senate" in the United States (one of the roles constitutionally assigned to the vice president). The officiating priest at certain Anglican religious services, too, is sometimes called the "president" in this sense. However, the most common modern usage is as the title of a head of state in a republic. In pre-revolutionary France, the president of a "Parlement" evolved into a powerful magistrate, a member of the so-called "noblesse de robe" ("nobility of the gown"), with considerable judicial as well as administrative authority.

title: Languages of France

text: the additional function of observing and studying the languages of France and has had "et aux langues de France" added to its title. The category of "languages of France" (in French: "langues de France") is thus administratively recognised even if this does not go so far as to provide any official status. Following his election as President, François Hollande reasserted in 2012 his campaign platform to ratify the European Charter and ensure a clear legal framework for regional languages (within a programme of administrative decentralisation that would give competencies to the regions in language policy). The regional languages of France

title: History of France

text: Daguet. Terrorism grew worse. In 1994 Air France Flight 8969 was hijacked by Islamic terrorists; they were captured. Conservative Jacques Chirac assumed office as president on 17 May 1995, after a campaign focused on the need to combat France's stubbornly high unemployment rate. While France continues to revere its rich history and independence, French leaders increasingly tie the future of France to the continued development of the European Union. In 1992 France ratified the Maastricht Treaty establishing the European Union. In 1999, the Euro was introduced to replace the French franc. Beyond membership in the European Union, France is also

title: Who Is It (Björk song)

text: "Hidden Place", which reached number 21 in 2001. The song also obtained the same position in Italy, on the issue dated 2 December 2004, but fell to number 40 the next week, before falling off the chart. In France, "Who Is It" debuted at its peak of number 62, before spending two other weeks and falling off the chart. The accompanying music video for "Who Is It" was shot in early September 2004 in , Iceland and directed by Dawn Shadforth. It premiered at the grand opening of the "Islande de glace et de feu" event at the Palais de

title: Who Is Ireland's Enemy?

text: literary response. Following the Easter Rising of 1916 and the Irish Civil War, the poem was extended to include figures from those conflicts. In later times, it became a popular Irish rebel music song and has been recorded by Declan Hunt. This version dated prior to 1923 and includes mention of the Easter Rising and Civil War dead. <poem> Oh, who is Ireland's enemy? Not Germany, nor Spain, Not Russia, France nor Austria; They forged for her no chains, Nor quenched her hearths, Nor razed her homes, Nor laid her altars low, Nor sent her sons to tramp the hills

title: President of Ecuador

text: the office to change presidents frequently throughout the history of the country. At least five times, the duties of the president have been charged to a provisional government or a military junta. Often, the office has been left to an interim or acting president, many of whom would go on to become president. The President who has served the most terms in office is José María Velasco Ibarra, who served five. Before president Rafael Correa, the last president to serve out his complete term in office was Sixto Durán Ballén, who served from 1992 to 1996. President of Ecuador The

title: President of Ghana

text: or she is already in office and is not waiting to become president. Likewise, if a Vice President succeeds to the Presidency by way of the President's death, resignation or removal (via impeachment) from office, that person never holds the title of President-elect, as they would become President immediately. The most recent President-elect is former Minister of Foreign Affairs Nana Akufo-Addo of the New Patriotic Party, who won the presidential election on 9 December 2016. The Vice President-elect of Ghana is the running mate of presidential candidate who wins an election. First established after the adoption of the 3rd Constitution

title: Foreign relations of France

text: French armed forces stopped an Islamist takeover of Bamako, the nation's capital city); and Operation Sangaris (to restore peace there as tensions between different religious communities had turned into a violent conflict). France was also the first European nation to join the United States in bombing the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant. Under President Hollande, France's stances on the civil war in Syria and Iran's nuclear program has been described as "hawkish". Sophie Meunier in 2017 ponders whether France is still relevant in world affairs: Polls indicate that American president Barack Obama was highly popular in France, but

title: Eric B. Is President

text: Eric B. Is President "Eric B. Is President" is the debut single released by hip-hop duo Eric B. & Rakim. The bassline is an interpolation of Fonda Rae's "Over Like a Fat Rat". Marley Marl is often credited with handling production duties for the song, but Eric B. has disputed this in recent interviews. Said Eric B.: As far as the production controversy, Eric B. told Allhiphop.com, "I took the records to Marley Marl’s house in Queensbridge and paid Marley Marl to be the engineer. Marley got paid. That’s why he’s not a producer, that’s why he is not getting

title: My Girlfriend Is the President

text: into Earth, destroying the headquarters of the government of Nippon. To avoid chaos, the extraterrestrials brainwash the populace into the belief that Junichiro's childhood friend Yukino Ohama is leader of the country of Nippon. For some reason, the brainwashing does not affect Junichiro himself. The majority of the game's events and scenarios occur in the United States of Nippon, which is being controlled by Yukino, who was brainwashed to believe she is the president. The Snow House is ostensibly Yukino's home, however it is actually the camouflaged body of Starship Ezekiel. The Flare House is similar to the Snow House

title: President of India

text: president who shall work at the pleasure of the president. Per , President is empowered to dismiss a governor who has violated the constitution in his acts. The president is responsible for making a wide variety of appointments. These include: All international treaties and agreements are negotiated and concluded on behalf of the president. However, in practice, such negotiations are usually carried out by the prime minister along with his Cabinet (especially the Foreign Minister). Also, such treaties are subject to the approval of the parliament. The president represents India in international forums and affairs where such a function is

title: Eric B. Is President

text: publishing. I brought the music. I just couldn’t work the equipment because that’s not what I did..." Eric B. Is President "Eric B. Is President" is the debut single released by hip-hop duo Eric B. & Rakim. The bassline is an interpolation of Fonda Rae's "Over Like a Fat Rat". Marley Marl is often credited with handling production duties for the song, but Eric B. has disputed this in recent interviews. Said Eric B.: As far as the production controversy, Eric B. told Allhiphop.com, "I took the records to Marley Marl’s house in Queensbridge and paid Marley Marl to be

title: My Girlfriend Is the President

text: which bothers Junichiro a great deal. She is associated with Guardian, making it her mission to kidnap the president of Nippon, Yukino Ohama. She has a habit of saying the phrase "mokyu" a lot. In the fan disc, she and Ku Little Little are date-able characters. A mysterious panda that wears spectacles and has a red bandana/scarf around his neck, he works in a shop called Shitaian. His actual name is Psion. Despite his appearance, Saionji is a colleague of Guardian. Though he takes the form of a panda, he is Ran's father. A strange-looking elderly man who is an

title: President

text: but unlike the parliamentary system, the president may have significant day-to-day power. For example, in France, when their party controls the majority of seats in the National Assembly, the president can operate closely with the parliament and prime minister, and work towards a common agenda. When the National Assembly is controlled by their opponents, however, the president can find themselves marginalized with the opposition party prime minister exercising most of the power. Though the prime minister remains an appointee of the president, the president must obey the rules of parliament, and select a leader from the house's majority holding party.

title: My Girlfriend Is the President

text: iconic character, is Junichirō's neighbor and childhood friend who was selected to be president of Nippon after the accidental destruction of the previous administration. She has a brainwashing device embedded in her body, turning the world into one where the left becomes right if she says it is. Her approval ratings climb rapidly due to her looks, personality and the brainwashing effects. She even has a fan club among the government officials. She is also known to love anime and manga making her supporters to call her ‘Your Excellency’. She is a daughter of doctors, good at sports, and has

title: Presidential elections in France

text: Presidential elections in France Presidential elections in France determine who will serve as the President of France for the next several years. Currently they are held once in five years (formerly seven). They are always held on Sundays. Since 1965 the president has been elected by direct popular vote. There was one presidential election in France during the government known as the Second Republic (1848—1851). It was held in 1848. The president was elected by direct popular vote. There were 15 presidential elections in France during the government known as the Third Republic (1870—1940). According to the Constitutional Laws of

title: My Wife is the Student Council President

text: My Wife is the Student Council President Hayato Izumi runs for student council president at his new high school, but loses to Ui Wakana, a perky and charismatic girl who pledges to liberate love on campus, and throws condoms into the audience during her election speech. He ends up becoming the vice-president on the student council. He soon learns that due to an arrangement by their parents, Ui is going to be his fiancée, and they have to live together. He tries to keep their cohabitation a secret from the school and its all-female student council leadership, while fending off

title: President of Georgia

text: accordance with the Constitution. The President is the representative of Georgia in foreign relations. The President of Georgia is elected on the basis of universal, equal and direct suffrage by secret ballot, for a period of five years. The President may not be elected for more than two consecutive terms. Any citizen of Georgia who has the right to vote and who has attained the age of 35 years, has lived in Georgia for at least five years and has been living in Georgia for the last three years before the election is eligible to be elected president. The President

title: President of Russia

text: pension based on the salary of the government. All former presidents, their spouses, and their children until age 16 are protected by the Federal Protective Service until the president's death. A spouse who remarries or divorced from president is no longer eligible for Federal Protective Service protection. As of , there is only one living former president (if Vladimir Putin, who was president from 2000 to 2008 and became president again in 2012, is excluded). The most recent death of a former president was that of Boris Yeltsin (1991–1999) on April 23, 2007, aged 76. In May 2008, the Federal

title: My Girlfriend Is the President

text: mildly. Sometimes she pretends to be a dog and plays around with Junichiro which leads to Irina lecturing them. She is a parody of Barack Obama. Irina Vladimirovna Putina is an active duty president who reigns over "Rusia" (Russia) with super charisma. She obtains information that a UFO crashed into Nippon, and visits to talk about laws dealing with import restrictions. On the day of her visit, Irina is seen assaulting a strange man and when she strikes back, Junichiro rescues her, which causes her to become dumbstruck. As it turns out, the man placed a bomb in the building

title: Miss France

text: Rinaldo as president, under the name "Comité Miss France – Miss Europe – Miss Universe." In these early days, however, the organizers of the global contests did not necessarily have entrants who had won what might be considered the corresponding national contest. The entrant for Miss Universe 1953 from France, for instance, was Christiane Martel, who had won the Miss Cinémonde contest, also organized by Rinaldo, and not Sylviane Carpentier, who had won the Miss France contest. Similarly, the entrant for Miss World 1953 was Denise Perrier. As a result, even though France won both the Miss World and Miss

title: President of Hungary

text: majority of 2/3 of all its members to decide the incapacity of the President of the Republic to exercise their responsibilities for more than 90 days. According to Article 14 (1), if the President of the Republic is temporarily incapable of exercising their functions and powers, these are exercised by the President of the National Assembly (who can not delegate them to their deputies and who is replaced in their duties by the Vice President of the National Assembly until the end of the President's incapacity. According to Article 14 (2), the temporary incapacity of the President of the Republic

title: President of Venezuela

text: security, and is headed by a general or flag officer. Since 1900, the official workplace of the President is the Palace of Miraflores in Caracas. The presidential residence has been the palace of La Casona since 1964, instituted by president Raúl Leoni. La Casona has not been used by incumbent President Maduro, who has decided not to inhabit it. The presidential designation encompasses only those persons who were sworn into office as President of Venezuela following Venezuela's declaration of independence from Spanish colonial rule, which took effect on July 5, 1811. The first president, taking office on July 5, 1811,

title: History of the Jews in France

text: the men of all sects are admitted to enjoy political rights in France. I demand that the motion for postponement be withdrawn, and a decree passed that the Jews in France enjoy the privileges of full citizens.This proposition was accepted amid loud applause. Rewbell endeavored, indeed, to oppose the motion, but he was interrupted by Regnault de Saint-Jean, president of the Assembly, who suggested "that every one who spoke against this motion should be called to order, because he would be opposing the constitution itself". Judaism in France thus became, as the Alsatian deputy Schwendt wrote to his constituents, "nothing

title: President of Ukraine

text: by acting president Oleksandr Turchynov, who then also served as Chairman of the Ukrainian Parliament, on 21 February 2014. Oleksandr Turchynov was the only acting president in Ukraine's modern history. Unlike in the US, where the vice president immediately receives all powers of the presidency upon assumption of the presidential office, in Ukraine the powers of an acting president are severely limited. On 18 June 2015, Yanukovych was officially deprived of the title of president of Ukraine. The current president is Petro Poroshenko who took the oath of office on 7 June 2014. The Government of Ukraine utilizes a Semi-presidential

title: Who Is, This Is?

text: Who Is, This Is? Who Is, This Is? is Voodoo Glow Skulls' first full-length album released on Dr. Strange Records on January 11, 1994. Its title is derived from a scene in "Cheech & Chong's Up In Smoke" where Cheech Marin mockingly replies to an inquiry of "Do you know who this is?" with "No, who is 'This is'?". The first track "Insubordination" features an audio sample from this scene. The original cover art features a Japanese anime motif with the character Krillin from the "Dragon Ball" series in the center of the artwork. In 2012, when the album was

title: Who Is, This Is?

text: re-released in digital format, the original artwork was censored to remove the face of the Dragon Ball character and to blur the genitals of a character in the background. Note: Track 1 "Insubordination" opens with the intro to "Crazy Train" by Ozzy Osbourne. Who Is, This Is? Who Is, This Is? is Voodoo Glow Skulls' first full-length album released on Dr. Strange Records on January 11, 1994. Its title is derived from a scene in "Cheech & Chong's Up In Smoke" where Cheech Marin mockingly replies to an inquiry of "Do you know who this is?" with "No, who is

title: The President Is Missing (novel)

text: that the book sold nearly 384,000 copies by the end of June and was the top selling new novel for the entire first half of 2018. The book would also top the Best Seller list for the July 22 edition. It then topped the Best Seller list for the July 29 edition. On August 8, Knopf announced that the book sold one million copies in North America alone. The President Is Missing (novel) The President Is Missing is a political thriller novel by former US President Bill Clinton and novelist James Patterson published in June 2018. It is Clinton's first

title: President of Montenegro

text: President of Montenegro The President of Montenegro (Montenegrin: ', ', ) is the head of state of Montenegro. The current president is Milo Đukanović, who was elected in the first round of the 2018 presidential election with 53.90% of the vote. The official residence of the President is the Blue Palace located in the former royal capital Cetinje. "This section is according to the Constitution of Montenegro, Article 86" Each president has a term of 5 years in office. Each president can have two terms in office. The President is elected through direct and secret ballots. In the event of

title: President of Haiti

text: President of Haiti The President of Haiti (, ), officially called the President of the Republic of Haiti (, ) is the head of state of Haiti. Executive power in Haiti is divided between the president and the government headed by the Prime Minister of Haiti. The current president is Jovenel Moïse, who took office on February 7, 2017. The qualifications for the presidency are specified by Chapter III Section A (Articles 134 and 135) of the 1987 Constitution of Haiti. The president is elected to a five-year term by popular vote. The president is not to be elected twice