query: what countries was the vietnam war between?

title: 1961 in the Vietnam War

text: covertly to train ARVN; approved covert and intelligence operations in both North and South Vietnam; and proposed actions to improve relations between President Diem and the U.S. The International Conference on the Settlement of the Laotian Question convened in Geneva, Switzerland at the behest of Cambodia leader Prince Norodom Sihanouk. The objective of the meeting was to create a neutralist Laos free from superpower rivalries and to reach an amicable end to a civil war. North Vietnam, South Vietnam, the Soviet Union, and the United States were among the countries participating in the conference. North Vietnam supported the concept of

title: Canada and the Vietnam War

text: on the side of the Americans. One representative (Blair Seaborn, younger brother of Robert Seaborn) was even involved in secretly exchanging messages between the U.S. and North Vietnam on behalf of the Americans, with the approval of the Canadian government. Canada also sent foreign aid to South Vietnam, which, while humanitarian, was directed by the Americans. Canada tried to mediate between the warring countries, aiming for a conclusion that could allow the U.S. to leave the conflict honorably, but also publicly (if mildly) criticized American war methods. Meanwhile, Canadian industry exported military supplies and raw materials useful in their manufacture,

text: of the People's Army of Vietnam as the North Vietnamese Army, or NVA. In a key televised debate from 15 May 1965, Eric Sevareid reporting for CBS conducted a debate between McGeorge Bundy and Hans Morgenthau dealing with an acute summary of the main war concerns of the U.S. as seen at that time stating them as: "(1) What are the justifications for the American presence in Vietnam – why are we there? (2) What is the fundamental nature of this war? Is it aggression from North Vietnam or is it basically, a civil war between the peoples of South

title: 1959 in the Vietnam War

text: 1959 in the Vietnam War 1959 saw Vietnam still divided into South (ruled by President Ngô Đình Diệm) and North (lead by communist Ho Chi Minh). North Vietnam authorized the Viet Cong to undertake limited military action as well as political action to subvert the Diệm government. North Vietnam also authorized the construction of what would become known as the Ho Chi Minh Trail to supply the Viet Cong in South Vietnam. Armed encounters between the Viet Cong and the government of South Vietnam became more frequent and with larger numbers involved. In September, 360 soldiers of the South Vietnamese

title: Terminology of the Vietnam War

text: that began at the end of World War II and lasted until communist victory in 1975. This conflict can be viewed in terms of the demise of colonialism and its after-effects during the Cold War. The term "Vietnam Conflict" is largely a U.S. designation, it acknowledges that the United States Congress never declared war on North Vietnam. Legally, the President used his constitutional discretion—supplemented by supportive resolutions in Congress—to conduct what was said to be a "police action". "Vietnam War" is the most commonly used designation in English. Most Vietnamese who interact with foreigners are familiar with the term Vietnam

title: Vietnam War

text: and the belief that they were responsible for the disappearance of 500 Vietnamese natives on Tho Chu, Vietnam launched a counterattack to take back these islands. After several failed attempts to negotiate by both sides, Vietnam invaded Democratic Kampuchea (Cambodia) in 1978 and ousted the Khmer Rouge, who were being supported by China, in the Cambodian–Vietnamese War. In response, China invaded Vietnam in 1979. The two countries fought a brief border war, known as the Sino-Vietnamese War. From 1978 to 1979, some 450,000 ethnic Chinese left Vietnam by boat as refugees or were expelled. The Pathet Lao overthrew the monarchy

title: Vietnam War

text: Vietnam War The Vietnam War (), also known as the Second Indochina War, and in Vietnam as the Resistance War Against America () or simply the American War, was a conflict that occurred in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from 1 November 1955 to the fall of Saigon on 30 April 1975. It was the second of the Indochina Wars and was officially fought between North Vietnam and the government of South Vietnam. The North Vietnamese army was supported by the Soviet Union, China, and other communist allies; the South Vietnamese army was supported by the United States, South Korea, the

title: Vietnam War

text: Obama issued a proclamation of the . On November 10, 2017, President Donald Trump issued an additional . General: Vietnam War The Vietnam War (), also known as the Second Indochina War, and in Vietnam as the Resistance War Against America () or simply the American War, was a conflict that occurred in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from 1 November 1955 to the fall of Saigon on 30 April 1975. It was the second of the Indochina Wars and was officially fought between North Vietnam and the government of South Vietnam. The North Vietnamese army was supported by the Soviet

title: 1961 in the Vietnam War

text: government throughout the Vietnam War, but had only a limited influence on the Kennedy and Johnson Administrations. The report of a high-level study group headed by Undersecretary of Defense Roswell Gilpatric said that "South Vietnam is nearing the decisive phase of its battle for survival" and that the situation is "critical but not hopeless." It recommended that the United States show "our friends, the Vietnamese, and our foes, the Viet Cong, that come what may, the US intends to win this battle." A cease fire was declared in Laos between communist rebels (the Pathet Lao) and government troops. President Kennedy

title: Vietnam War casualties

text: m3 of soil by late 2016. Cambodian Civil War Laotian Civil War South Korea Australia Thailand New Zealand Philippines Republic of China (Taiwan) People's Republic of China Soviet Union Great Britain Vietnam War casualties Estimates of casualties of the Vietnam War vary widely. Estimates include both civilian and military deaths in North and South Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia. The conflict persisted from 1955 to 1975 and most of the fighting took place in South Vietnam; accordingly it suffered the most casualties. The war also spilled over into the neighboring countries of Cambodia and Laos which also endured casualties from aerial

title: China in the Vietnam War

text: another Korean War in Vietnam. Zhang Xiaoming, a Chinese scholar also suggests that although Mao Zedong's theory of world revolution determined China's response in using military force to aid Vietnam and resist the United States, what Beijing may wish was only to deter but not confront Washington. However, American policymakers interpreted in another way. They perceived that the battles in South Vietnam and other parts of Southeast Asia were a crucial signal of further Communist expansion so that America increased the military involvement there and the Vietnam War intensified. From an ideological perspective, Anthony Short believes there are various reasons

title: 1965 in the Vietnam War

text: sides claimed victory. The U.S. inflicted heavy casualties on the North Vietnamese, but the battle vindicated the conviction by North Vietnam that its military could slowly grind down the U.S.'s commitment to the war. South Korea contributed an army division to South Vietnam, while Australia, New Zealand and other countries provided smaller numbers of soldiers. North Vietnam received military aid from the Soviet Union and China. At year's end, President Lyndon Johnson declared a temporary halt to the bombing of North Vietnam and undertook a diplomatic initiative to seek negotiations with North Vietnam. North Vietnam, on its part, aimed to

title: China in the Vietnam War

text: Indochina War: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Indochina_War Third Indochina War: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_Indochina_War History of Vietnam: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Vietnam Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRV): https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Vietnam Tet Offensive: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tet_Offensive Sino-Soviet split：https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sino-Soviet_split People's Liberation Army: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army Role of the United States in the Vietnam War: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Role_of_the_United_States_in_the_Vietnam_War China in the Vietnam War The Vietnam War was a major event that shaped the course of the world in the second half of the 20th century. Although it was a regional conflict occurred in Indochinese Peninsula, it also affected the strategic interests of the People's Republic of China, the United States and the Soviet Union as well as the relations between these great

title: 1973 in the Vietnam War

text: War and Restoring Peace in Vietnam,", intended to halt the fighting between North and South Vietnam and end U.S. military involvement in the war were signed in Paris. The governments of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam), the Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam), and the United States, as well as the Provisional Revolutionary Government (PRG) that represented indigenous South Vietnamese revolutionaries (the Viet Cong) signed the agreement. The U.S. agreed to withdraw its remaining military personnel from South Vietnam within 60 days. North Vietnam agreed to a cease fire and to return all American prisoners of war. North Vietnam

title: 1974 in the Vietnam War

text: of South Vietnam which began on 13 December 1974. 1974 in the Vietnam War The Battle of the Paracel Islands was an engagement fought between the naval forces of the People's Republic of China and the Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam) in the Paracel Islands on January 19, 1974. The Battle of Svay Rieng was the last major operation of the Vietnam War to be mounted by the Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN) against the Communist People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) forces. The Battle of the Iron Triangle took place on May 16, 1974, when the 9th Division

title: Vietnam War casualties

text: Vietnam War casualties Estimates of casualties of the Vietnam War vary widely. Estimates include both civilian and military deaths in North and South Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia. The conflict persisted from 1955 to 1975 and most of the fighting took place in South Vietnam; accordingly it suffered the most casualties. The war also spilled over into the neighboring countries of Cambodia and Laos which also endured casualties from aerial and ground fighting. Civilian deaths caused by both sides amounted to a significant percentage of total deaths. Civilian deaths were partly caused by assassinations, massacres and terror tactics. Civilian deaths were

title: 1974 in the Vietnam War

text: 1974 in the Vietnam War The Battle of the Paracel Islands was an engagement fought between the naval forces of the People's Republic of China and the Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam) in the Paracel Islands on January 19, 1974. The Battle of Svay Rieng was the last major operation of the Vietnam War to be mounted by the Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN) against the Communist People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) forces. The Battle of the Iron Triangle took place on May 16, 1974, when the 9th Division of the PAVN backed by a small contingent of

title: 1969 in the Vietnam War

text: which utilized them for resupply, training, and resting between campaigns across the border in the Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam). The number of American military personnel in Vietnam peaked at 543,000. Tensions and casualties start escalating months after the Vietnam War begins both in Vietnam and back home in the United States. In the beginning of April a massive group of Harvard students took their angers to the school, trying to overthrow officials all while physically taking out multiple deans and eventually locked themselves in to revolt against the Vietnam War. Meanwhile, over in Vietnam the war starts to escalate

title: Vietnam War

text: suggesting up to 3.8 million violent war deaths in Vietnam for the period 1955 to 2002. A detailed demographic study calculated 791,000–1,141,000 war-related deaths during the war for all of Vietnam, for both military and civilians. Between 195,000 and 430,000 South Vietnamese civilians died in the war. Extrapolating from a 1969 US intelligence report, Guenter Lewy estimated 65,000 North Vietnamese civilians died in the war. Estimates of civilian deaths caused by American bombing of North Vietnam in Operation Rolling Thunder range from 30,000 to 182,000. A 1974 US Senate subcommittee estimates nearly 1.4 million civilians killed and wounded between 1965

title: 1957 in the Vietnam War

text: separate countries and each have a seat at the United Nations. This prompted the North Vietnam government to consider a military solution to unite North and South Vietnam. During the last three months of 1957, 190 terrorist attacks and clashes between government security forces and insurgents were reported in South Vietnam. Seventy-four people were killed including 20 government officials and 31 police and military personnel. Ambassador Durbrow in Saigon reported to the Department of State that Diệm's focus on security and repression of opposition to his rule was alienating the people of South Vietnam and facilitating the growth of communism.

title: China in the Vietnam War

text: China in the Vietnam War The Vietnam War was a major event that shaped the course of the world in the second half of the 20th century. Although it was a regional conflict occurred in Indochinese Peninsula, it also affected the strategic interests of the People's Republic of China, the United States and the Soviet Union as well as the relations between these great powers. China, in particular, played an important role in Vietnam wars during 1950~1975. China helped Vietnam against French colonial rulers in the 1950s and later helped Vietnam win independence by fighting the United States. However, with

title: 1966 in the Vietnam War

text: number of Viet Cong is closer to 600,000 and perhaps more." The memo would initiate a lengthy debate between MACV and the CIA concerning the number of Viet Cong. The Selective Service System of the U.S. drafted 382,010 men into military service in 1966, the highest total during the Vietnam War. By comparison, in 1962, only 82,060 men were drafted The draft was a major source of opposition to the Vietnam War in the United States. 1966 in the Vietnam War At the beginning of 1966, the number of U.S. military personnel in South Vietnam totaled 184,314. South Vietnamese military

title: Vietnam War

text: ended direct U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War, created a ceasefire between North Vietnam/PRG and South Vietnam, guaranteed the territorial integrity of Vietnam under the Geneva Conference of 1954, called for elections or a political settlement between the PRG and South Vietnam, allowed 200,000 communist troops to remain in the south, and agreed to a POW exchange. There was a sixty-day period for the total withdrawal of U.S. forces. "This article", noted Peter Church, "proved… to be the only one of the Paris Agreements which was fully carried out." All US forces personnel were completely withdrawn by March 1973. In

title: Vietnam War

text: in light of the failed 1954 Geneva Conference calls for elections. Other interpretations of the North Vietnamese side include viewing it as a civil war, especially in the early and later phases following the U.S. interlude between 1965 and 1970, as well as a war of liberation. In the perspective of some, the Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Republic of South Vietnam, the successor to the Việt Cộng, was motivated in part by significant social changes in the post-World War II Vietnam, and had initially seen it as a revolutionary war supported by Hanoi. The pro-government side in South Vietnam

title: Vietnam

text: Vietnam's independence from France under the new name of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam. In 1954, the Vietnamese declared victory in the battle of Điện Biên Phủ which took place between March and May 1954 and culminated in a major French defeat. Thereafter, Vietnam was divided politically into two rival states, North Vietnam (officially the Democratic Republic of Vietnam) and South Vietnam (officially the Republic of Vietnam). Conflict between the two sides intensified in what is known as the Vietnam War with heavy intervention by the United States on the side of South Vietnam from 1965 to 1973. The war

title: Vietnam War

text: to cultivate and killing or maiming 50 Laotians every year. It is estimated that the explosives still remaining buried in the ground will not be removed entirely for the next few centuries. Over 3 million people left Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia in the Indochina refugee crisis. Most Asian countries were unwilling to accept these refugees, many of whom fled by boat and were known as boat people. Between 1975 and 1998, an estimated 1.2 million refugees from Vietnam and other Southeast Asian countries resettled in the United States, while Canada, Australia, and France resettled over 500,000. China accepted 250,000 people.

title: Philippines–Vietnam relations

text: Philippines–Vietnam relations The Philippines–Vietnam relations refers to the bilateral relations of the Republic of the Philippines and the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. Since the end of the Cold War, relations between the two countries have warmed significantly. Vietnam is sometimes referred to as the only communist military ally of the Philippines. Relations between the Philippines and Vietnam began centuries ago. There was proof that inhabitants of both countries were already involved in maritime trade prior to the arrival of Europeans. Ships from Luzon in the Philippine archipelago came to the great port of Vietnam in the Gulf of Tonkin to

title: 1965 in the Vietnam War

text: United States and its allies, which, will, in conjunction with current actions, lead in due time to successful accomplishment of US aims and objectives." What came to be called "A Program for the Pacification and Long-Term Development of South Vietnam" (PROVN) would be completed on 1 March 1966. President Johnson requested an additional appropriation of $700 million for the Vietnam War during the remainder of the fiscal year. The request was approved by Congress 2 days later. Johnson indicated that he might have to request additional funds. Soldiers from the 173rd Airborne Brigade arrived in Vietnam. The brigade would be

title: 1961 in the Vietnam War

text: The NSAM also called for South Vietnam to improve its military establishment and mobilize its resources to prosecute the war. Thus, Kennedy stopped short of what many of his advisers, including General Taylor, had advised: the introduction of U.S. combat soldiers into South Vietnam. Kennedy's decision not to introduce combat troops surprised the Defense Department which had been assembling forces to be assigned to Vietnam, including Farm Gate aircraft. However, Kennedy's decision was a visible and undeniable violation of the Geneva Accords of 1954, still technically in force. President Kennedy approved the use of herbicides in Viet Nam to kill

title: Italy–Vietnam relations

text: the United States and North Vietnam, with subsequent decision to bomb North Vietnam by President Lyndon Johnson, it failed to materialize. Italy and Vietnam finally established relations at 1973. Ever since the end of Cold War, Italo–Vietnamese relations has witnessed a resurgence. Over this period, the two countries have developed close ties and cooperation. Italy has actively supported greater cooperation between Vietnam and the European Union (EU) and the normalisation of relations between Vietnam and international financial, commercial and monetary institutions. Two-way trade between Vietnam and Italy reached 4.3 billion USD in 2015. The two countries are striving for 5

title: Role of the United States in the Vietnam War

text: that he was limiting bombing of North Vietnam to just north of the Demilitarized Zone and that U.S. representatives were prepared to meet with North Vietnamese counterparts in any suitable place "to discuss the means to bring this ugly war to an end". A few days later, much to Johnson's surprise, North Vietnam agreed to contacts between the two sides. On May 13, what became known as the Paris peace talks began. On March 16, 1968, three companies of Task Force Barker, part of the Americal Division, took part in a search and destroy operation near the village of My

title: War in Vietnam (1954–1959)

text: reported that the GVN lost almost 20% of its village chiefs through 1958. On March 1959, the armed revolution began as Ho Chi Minh declared a People's War to unite all of Vietnam under his leadership. His Politburo now ordered a changeover to an all-out military struggle. Thus began the Second Indochina War. On July 1959, North Vietnam invaded Laos, opening the first tracks of what was to become the Ho Chi Minh Trail. War in Vietnam (1954–1959) The 1954 to 1959 phase of the Vietnam War was the era of the two nations. Coming after the First Indochina War,

title: 1973 in the Vietnam War

text: Ho Chi Minh Trail) in Cambodia. The ceasefire in North and South Vietnam did not apply to Cambodia and Laos. Over the next six months the U.S. would drop a larger tonnage of bombs on Cambodia than on Japan in World War II. U.S. National Security Adviser Henry Kissinger visited Hanoi and met with Prime Minister of North Vietnam Pham Van Dong. The two men discussed the implementation of the U.S. aid program for Vietnam and the establishment of diplomatic relations between the U.S. and North Vietnam. Operation Homecoming resulted in the repatriation of 591 American prisoners of war held

title: 1958 in the Vietnam War

text: Government sent two divisions of army troops to attempt to hunt down the insurgents. Most of the incidents of violence in South Vietnam were committed by the remnants of the Binh Xuyen criminal gang and the Cao Đài and Hòa Hảo religious sects which had been suppressed by the Diem government in 1955 and 1956. Viet Cong "political advisers" were often attached to the insurgents. As part of their efforts to advance the Unification referendum, North Vietnam sent letters to the Government of South Vietnam proposing a loosening of economic restrictions between the two countries and preparations for a "free

title: Vietnam War

text: by the U.S. Congress. The capture of Saigon by the North Vietnamese Army in April 1975 marked the end of the war, and North and South Vietnam were reunified the following year. The war exacted a huge human cost in terms of fatalities (see Vietnam War casualties). Estimates of the number of Vietnamese soldiers and civilians killed vary from 966,000 to 3.8 million. Some 275,000–310,000 Cambodians, 20,000–62,000 Laotians, and 58,220 U.S. service members also died in the conflict, and a further 1,626 remain missing in action. The Sino-Soviet split re-emerged following the lull during the Vietnam War and ties between

title: Vietnam

text: of civil war, the neighbouring Chinese government also has removed 53,000 land mines and explosives from the legacy of war between the two countries in an area of 18.4 square kilometres in neighbouring province of Yunnan between the China–Vietnam border in 2017. Vietnam is a unitary Marxist-Leninist one-party socialist republic, one of the two communist states (the other being Laos) in Southeast Asia. Although Vietnam remains officially committed to socialism as its defining creed, its economic policies have grown increasingly capitalist, with "The Economist" characterising its leadership as "ardently capitalist communists". Under the constitution, the Communist Party of Vietnam (CPV)

title: China in the Vietnam War

text: the revolution deeper into Southeast Asia via the Indochinese internationalist model. Then relations changes in the late 1960s, as the Cultural Revolution and Maoist visions of permanent revolutionary struggle ran up against important and extremely complex geostrategic differences in Vietnam in the war against the US. Nonetheless, the Chinese continued to supply massive amounts of military and economic aid, as well as sending over 300,000 military support troops into northern Vietnam. Internationalism did suffer a serious blow, plus the Sino-Soviet split, which brought damage to the relations between China, the Soviet Union and of course, Vietnam. Vietnam War: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam_War First

title: Vietnam War

text: Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, Russian officials acknowledged that the Soviet Union had stationed up to 3,000 troops in Vietnam during the war. Some Russian sources give more specific numbers: Between 1953 and 1991, the hardware donated by the Soviet Union included 2,000 tanks, 1,700 APCs, 7,000 artillery guns, over 5,000 anti-aircraft guns, 158 surface-to-air missile launchers, 120 helicopters. During the war, the Soviets sent North Vietnam annual arms shipments worth $450 million. From July 1965 to the end of 1974, fighting in Vietnam was observed by some 6,500 officers and generals, as well as more

title: Vietnam veteran

text: Vietnam veteran A Vietnam veteran is someone who served in the armed forces of participating countries during the Vietnam War. The term has been used to describe veterans who were in the armed forces of South Vietnam, the United States armed forces, and countries allied to them, whether or not they were stationed in Vietnam during their service. However, the more common usage distinguishes between those who served "in country" and those who did not serve in Vietnam by referring to the "in country" veterans as "Vietnam veterans" and the others as "Vietnam-era veterans". The U.S. government officially refers to

title: 1973 in the Vietnam War

text: 1973 in the Vietnam War 1973 in the Vietnam War began with a peace agreement, the Paris Peace Accords, signed by the United States and South Vietnam on one side of the Vietnam War and communist North Vietnam and the insurgent Viet Cong on the other. Although honored in some respects, the peace agreement was violated by both North and South Vietnam as the struggle for power and control of territory in South Vietnam continued. North Vietnam released all American prisoners of war and the United States completed its military withdrawal from South Vietnam. U.S. Congressional opposition to the Vietnam

title: Puerto Ricans in the Vietnam War

text: regular Army to the Puerto Rico National Guard. Since then Puerto Ricans have served in regular integrated units of the military. The Vietnam War was fought between communist North Vietnam, supported by its communist allies, and the government of South Vietnam, supported by the United States and other nations. The United States entered the war to prevent a communist takeover of South Vietnam as part of their wider strategy of containment. Military advisors arrived beginning in 1950. U.S. involvement escalated in the early 1960s and combat units were deployed beginning in 1965. Involvement peaked in 1968 at the time of

title: 1964 in the Vietnam War

text: will be won from the air, and it seems to me that what is much more needed and would be more effective is a larger and stronger use of Rangers and Special Forces and Marines, or other appropriate military strength on the ground." Johnson said, "I myself am ready to substantially increase the number of Americans fighting in Vietnam." Two hundred and sixteen American soldiers were killed in the Vietnam War in 1964. 23,310 U.S. military personnel were in South Vietnam at the end of the year. The South Vietnamese armed forces suffered 7,457 killed in action, about 30 percent

title: 1973 in the Vietnam War

title: Mongolia–Vietnam relations

text: Mongolia–Vietnam relations Mongolia–Vietnam relations are bilateral relations between Mongolia and Vietnam. Vietnam has an embassy in Ulaanbaatar. The two countries established diplomatic ties in 1954. Although Mongolia did not directly participate in the Vietnam war, it nevertheless expressed ideological support for North Vietnam by similar supported (#Mongolia) in the World War II to Soviet Union and Korean war to North Korea, and provided livestock as material assistance, including more than 100,000 head of horses, cows, and sheep. After the war, Mongolia received and brought up more than 400 war-orphaned children in 1960-1970s. North Vietnam leader Ho Chi Minh visited Mongolia

title: 1970 in the Vietnam War

text: the Vietnam War by United States Special Operations Forces and other elements of the U.S. Military. 1970 in the Vietnam War Operation Texas Star was a military operation of the Vietnam War in the A Shau Valley and the mountains east of the valley. It aimed at regaining the initiative in the area. The operation culminated in the Battle of Fire Support Base Ripcord. The Cambodian Campaign (also known as the Cambodian Incursion) was a series of military operations conducted in eastern Cambodia by the United States (U.S.) and the Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam) during the Vietnam War. A

title: Vietnam: The Australian War

text: Australian veteran servicemen that were conducted by the author and the Australian Defence Force. The latter have been kept secret since they were taken, almost thirty years previously. Ham also interviewed North Vietnamese veterans and former Vietcong soldiers, during several visits to Vietnam; as well as relying on interviews with Viet Cong prisoners taken by Australian intelligence agents during the conflict. "Vietnam: The Australian War" won the 2008 NSW Premier's Prize for Australian History and was shortlisted for the Walkley Award for Non-Fiction. "The book is the soldiers' story of deployment in an ideological war." Vietnam: The Australian War Vietnam,

title: China–Vietnam relations

text: China–Vietnam relations The bilateral relations between the People's Republic of China and the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (, ) have been turbulent, despite their common Sinospheric and socialist background. Centuries of conquest by modern China's imperial predecessor have given Vietnam an entrenched suspicion of Chinese attempts to dominate it. Though the PRC assisted North Vietnam during the Vietnam War, relations between the two nations soured following Vietnam's reunification in 1975. China and Vietnam fought a prolonged border war from 1979 to 1990, but have since worked to improve their diplomatic and economic ties. However, the two countries remain in dispute

title: Vietnam War

text: viewed it as a civil war, a defensive war against communism, or were motivated to fight to defend their homes and families. The U.S. government viewed its involvement in the war as a way to prevent a communist takeover of South Vietnam. This was part of the domino theory of a wider containment policy, with the stated aim of stopping the spread of communism. Beginning in 1950, American military advisors arrived in what was then French Indochina. Most of the funding for the French war effort was provided by the U.S. The Việt Cộng, also known as or "FNL" (the

title: 1964 in the Vietnam War

text: combating the spread of communism. The North Vietnamese Central Military Commission ordered the Viet Cong and the North Vietnamese Army to jointly "annihilate a part of the enemy's main force units" in South Vietnam between December 1964 and March 1965. Prior to this announcement, units of the North Vietnamese Army had not participated in the war in South Vietnam. Nguyễn Văn Trỗi was executed by firing squad in South Vietnam. A Vietnamese electrical worker and Viet Cong urban guerrilla, he was captured after trying to assassinate Secretary of Defense McNamara and future ambassador Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr. who were visiting

title: Thailand–Vietnam relations

text: Thailand–Vietnam relations Thailand and Vietnam share current and historical bilateral relations. Thailand has an embassy in Hanoi and Vietnam has an embassy in Bangkok. Both countries are members of ASEAN. Both two countries were, at least, under influence of India during historical past, as Siam and Southern part of Vietnam, Champa, were heavily Indianized by culture. However, the first real contact between Siam and Vietnam was recorded at 16th century. At least in historical records , Thailand (as Siam) and Vietnamese state had fought together in a massive war series which would begin in the early 18th century. However, the

title: 1970 in the Vietnam War

text: 1970 in the Vietnam War Operation Texas Star was a military operation of the Vietnam War in the A Shau Valley and the mountains east of the valley. It aimed at regaining the initiative in the area. The operation culminated in the Battle of Fire Support Base Ripcord. The Cambodian Campaign (also known as the Cambodian Incursion) was a series of military operations conducted in eastern Cambodia by the United States (U.S.) and the Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam) during the Vietnam War. A total of 13 major operations were conducted by the Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN)

title: 1959 in the Vietnam War

text: of 150,000 soldiers to repel an invasion from North Vietnam. MAAG had not yet provided any training to the para-military Self-Defense Corps (numbering 43,000) or the Civil Guard (numbering 53,000) which were responsible for most aspects of security in rural areas. In the last four months of 1959, the Viet Cong assassinated 110 local government leaders, mostly in rural areas. Between 1956 and the end of 1959, four American soldiers were killed in Vietnam. U.S. military personnel in South Vietnam numbered 760. South Vietnamese armed forces numbered 243,000, including the Civil Guard and Self-Defense Corps. 1959 in the Vietnam War

title: 1965 in the Vietnam War

text: agreement reached by negotiations between the U.S. and the communist powers might be the best solution to the Vietnam War. Mansfield was one of several senators who had doubts about the course of U.S. policy in South Vietnam. The U.S. Ambassador in South Vietnam General Maxwell Taylor summed up the situation in a telegram to the U.S. government in Washington. "We are faced here with a seriously deteriorating situation characterized by continued political turmoil, irresponsibility and division within the armed forces, lethargy in the pacification program, some anti-US feeling which could grow, signs of mounting terrorism by VC directly at

title: 1969 in the Vietnam War

text: 1969 in the Vietnam War Tet 1969 refers to the attacks mounted by principally North Vietnamese forces in February 1969 in South Vietnam during the Vietnam War, one year after the original Tet Offensive. Operation Menu was the codename of a covert United States Strategic Air Command (SAC) bombing campaign conducted in eastern Cambodia from 18 March 1969 until 26 May 1970, during the Vietnam War. The supposed targets of these attacks were sanctuaries and Base Areas of the People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) and forces of the National Front for the Liberation of South Vietnam (NLF or "Viet Cong"),

title: 1973 in the Vietnam War

text: mission southwest of Saigon. A South Vietnamese pilot was also killed in the attack and another four Americans were wounded. As a result of this attack all US MIA field recovery efforts were indefinitely suspended. Only 50 U.S. military personnel remained in Vietnam. South Vietnamese armed forces totaled 1.1 million. 233,748 South Vietnamese have been killed in combat as of this date. 1973 in the Vietnam War 1973 in the Vietnam War began with a peace agreement, the Paris Peace Accords, signed by the United States and South Vietnam on one side of the Vietnam War and communist North Vietnam

title: Vietnam and the International Monetary Fund

text: In an earlier April 2017 report, the IMF had warned that countries with significant amount of exports to the US have seen "relatively weak" share prices. Vietnam and the International Monetary Fund Vietnam joined the International Monetary Fund (IMF) on September 21, 1956, under the policy of Article VIII. Their quota contributes an estimated SDR of 1,153 millions and voting power of 0.24%. As of August 2016, the current IMF Resident Representative to Vietnam is Jonathan Dunn. Following the events of the Vietnam War, most trade and financial relations between Vietnam and foreign entities was severely restricted. The Soviet Union

title: Mongolia–Vietnam relations

text: to US$3.3m in 2006 and US$5.7m in 2007. They are aiming for US$10m of bilateral trade by 2010. During Nguyen Minh Triet's visit to Mongolia in October 2008, Vietnam agreed to sell 20,000 tonnes of rice to Mongolia. The Christina Nobel Children Fund is a charity funding medical care for street children in the two countries. Mongolia–Vietnam relations Mongolia–Vietnam relations are bilateral relations between Mongolia and Vietnam. Vietnam has an embassy in Ulaanbaatar. The two countries established diplomatic ties in 1954. Although Mongolia did not directly participate in the Vietnam war, it nevertheless expressed ideological support for North Vietnam by

title: 1940–46 in the Vietnam War

text: Chi Minh left Vietnam for negotiations concerning Vietnamese independence in Paris. He was warmly received in France. French High Commissioner for Indochina Thierry d'Argenlieu in Saigon said that the 6 March agreement between the Việt Minh and the French did not apply to Cochinchina and announced the formation of the Republic of Cochin China for southern Vietnam. General Leclerc (who had departed Vietnam) wrote a letter to the French ruling party stating that the war in Vietnam was practically won and that France should not concede much to the Vietnamese negotiators in Paris. Leclerq said "it would be very dangerous

title: Leaders of the Vietnam War

text: instead of decent commanders to lead the Army of Public of Vietnam (APVN) forces. He strongly opposed the Paris Peace Accords (1973) and publicly blamed the U.S not keeping its promise for fall of Saigon and South Vietnam in 1975. Leaders of the Vietnam War The Leaders of the Vietnam War listed below comprise the important political and military figures of the Vietnam War. Ho Chi Minh whose birth name was Nguyen Sinh Cung and also known as Nguyen Tat Thanh and Nguyen Ai Quoc was a Vietnamese revolutionary leader following the path of communism. He left his country on

title: 1964 in the Vietnam War

text: being supplied by men with packs on their back traversing jungle trails, while the U.S. was sending shiploads of equipment and hundreds of millions of dollars to South Vietnam every year. Church also opposed widening the war by bombing North Vietnam. "Expanding the war is not getting out... It is getting further in." This was Church's first public declaration of concern about the trajectory of the Vietnam War. Prime Minister Khánh advocated an attack on North Vietnam by the U.S. and South Vietnam. The British Embassy in Saigon reported that if Khánh's demands for an attack were not met, he

title: 1972 in the Vietnam War

text: 1972 in the Vietnam War 1972 in the Vietnam War saw foreign involvement in South Vietnam slowly declining. Two allies, New Zealand and Thailand, which had contributed a small military contingent, left South Vietnam this year. The United States continued to participate in combat, primarily with air power to assist the South Vietnamese army, while negotiators in Paris tried to hammer out a peace agreement and withdrawal strategy for the United States. One American operation that was declassified years after the war was Operation Thunderhead, a secret mission that attempted to rescue POWs. U.S. military personnel in South Vietnam numbered

title: 1965 in the Vietnam War

text: 1965 in the Vietnam War In 1965, the United States rapidly increased its military forces in South Vietnam, prompted by the realization that the South Vietnamese government was losing the Vietnam War as the communist-dominated Viet Cong gained influence over much of the population in rural areas of the country. North Vietnam also rapidly increased its infiltration of men and supplies to combat South Vietnam and the U.S.. The objective of the U.S. and South Vietnam was to prevent a communist take-over. North Vietnam and the insurgent Viet Cong sought to unite the two sections of the country. Political instability

title: 1975 in the Vietnam War

text: 1975 in the Vietnam War 1975 marked the end of the Vietnam War, sometimes called the Second Indochina War or the American War. The North Vietnamese army (PAVN) launched the Spring Offensive in March, the South Vietnamese army (ARVN) was quickly defeated. The communist North Vietnamese captured Saigon on April 30, accepting the surrender of South Vietnam. In the final days of the war, the United States, which had supported South Vietnam for many years, carried out an emergency evacuation of its civilian and military personnel and more than 130,000 Vietnamese. At the beginning of the Spring Offensive the balance

title: 1962 in the Vietnam War

text: years to get the Viet Cong insurgency under control. The Geneva Agreement on Laos was signed by 14 countries, including China, the Soviet Union, and the United States. The agreement declared a cease fire between the Royal Lao government and the communist Pathet Lao guerrillas and aimed to maintain Laos as a neutral country with a coalition government. What resulted instead was a resumption of the civil war and a de facto partition of the country with the government controlling the western one-half of the country and the Pathet Lao the eastern one half. The Ho Chi Minh trail was

title: 1972 in the Vietnam War

text: to the Operation Linebacker II bombings, 80 percent of North Vietnam's electrical power production capability had been eliminated. Nixon warned North Vietnam that the bombing would resume if the peace talks collapsed again. North Vietnam declared victory and claimed that heavy losses of American aircraft was the motive behind the bombing halt. General Maxwell Taylor, former Ambassador to South Vietnam, said terminating America's commitment to South Vietnam even without a peace agreement should be considered by the President. U.S. military personnel in South Vietnam numbered 24,200. 1972 in the Vietnam War 1972 in the Vietnam War saw foreign involvement in

title: 1968 in the Vietnam War

text: Adams' iconic image of South Vietnamese General Nguyễn Ngọc Loan's execution of a Viet Cong operative was taken in 1968. The year also saw Walter Cronkite's call to honourably exit Vietnam because he thought the war was lost. This negative impression forced the US into the Paris peace talks with North Vietnam. US troop numbers peaked in 1968 with President Johnson approving an increased maximum number of US troops in Vietnam at 549,500. The year was the most expensive in the Vietnam War with the American spending US$ (US$ in 2019) on the war. The year also became the deadliest

title: 1967 in the Vietnam War

text: Junction City was an 82-day military operation conducted by United States and Republic of Vietnam (RVN or South Vietnam) forces begun on February 22, 1967, lasting until May 14, 1967. It was the largest U.S. airborne operation since Operation Market Garden during World War II, the only major airborne operation of the Vietnam War, and one of the largest U.S. operations of the Vietnam War. Operation Union was a search and destroy mission in the Que Son Valley carried out by the 1st Marine Regiment to engage the PAVN 2nd Division. Launched on April 21, 1967, the operation ended May

title: 1975 in the Vietnam War

text: of forces in Vietnam was approximately as follows; North Vietnam: 305,000 soldiers, 600 armored vehicles, and 490 heavy artillery pieces in South Vietnam and South Vietnam: 1.0 million soldiers, 1,200 to 1,400 tanks, and more than 1,000 pieces of heavy artillery. The capital city of Cambodia, Phnom Penh, was captured by the Khmer Rouge on April 17. On December 2 the Pathet Lao took over the government of Laos, thus completing the communist conquest of the three Indochinese countries. In Cambodia, the Khmer Rouge attacked and drove back the government forces near Phnom Penh, the capital city. The Khmer Rouge

title: 1947–50 in the Vietnam War

text: that communism would prevail in Vietnam, the U.S. began providing financial and military support to French forces. Paralleling the U.S. aid program, Communist China also began in 1950 to supply arms, equipment, and training to the Việt Minh. Vietnam played an increasingly important role in the worldwide competition between the communist world, headed by the Soviet Union, and the "Free World" led by the United States. The French suffered severe military defeats in late 1950 which resulted in American military aid being increased to prevent victory by the Việt Minh. The article titled First Indochina War describes the war between

title: China in the Vietnam War

text: showing the US should intervene in the Vietnam War. On the one hand, he admitted American’s policy was based on European rather than on Asian consideration. However, he also said, the third-party action was essential and there was a deep need for US moral leadership. Then he emphasized the global purposes of US policy stating that all Americans wanted was “to resist communism, to encourage free peoples throughout the world, and to strengthen democratic nations against aggression.” There was a belief they hold that China was the original domino and without the help from the third-party, Asian countries would not

title: Vietnam War

text: around 748 recovered weapons. R.J. Rummel estimated that 39,000 were killed by South Vietnam during the Diem-era in democide from a range of between 16,000 and 167,000 South Vietnamese civilians; for 1964 to 1975, Rummel estimated a total of 50,000 killed in democide, from a range of between 42,000 and 128,000. Thus, the total for 1954 to 1975 is 81,000, from a range of between 57,000 and 284,000 deaths caused by South Vietnam. Benjamin Valentino attributes possibly 110,000–310,000 "counter-guerrilla mass killings" of non-combatants to U.S. and South Vietnamese forces during the war. An estimated 26,000 to 41,000 civilian members of

title: 1963 in the Vietnam War

text: the US to use what effective sanctions it has to bring about the fall of the existing government and the installation of another" and "study should be given [to] the suspension of aid." A meeting later that day between President Kennedy and his advisers was indecisive." At a press conference, President Kennedy said the U.S. opinion of the Vietnam War was, "What helps to win the war, we support; what interferes with the war effort, we oppose...We are not there to see a war lost. British counterinsurgency expert Robert Grainger Ker Thompson told Ambassador Lodge that Hanoi was willing to

title: Terminology of the Vietnam War

text: Terminology of the Vietnam War Various names have been applied what is known as the Vietnam War. These have shifted over time, although Vietnam War is the most commonly used title in English. It has been variously called the Second Indochina War, the Vietnam Conflict ,the Vietnam War, and Nam. In Vietnam it is commonly known as Kháng chiến chống Mỹ (Resistance War against America). The name "Second Indochina War" places the conflict into context with other distinct, but related, and contiguous conflicts in Southeast Asia. Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia are seen as the battlegrounds of a larger Indochinese conflict

title: Terminology of the Vietnam War

text: War. The Vietnam War translates directly as "Chiến tranh Việt Nam" in Vietnamese. For people in Vietnam the common phrase is Kháng chiến chống Mỹ (Resistance War against America). "Resistance War against the American Empire to Save the Nation" is the more formal term used by the Vietnam government; it is more of a saying than a name, and its meaning is self-evident. Terminology of the Vietnam War Various names have been applied what is known as the Vietnam War. These have shifted over time, although Vietnam War is the most commonly used title in English. It has been variously

title: 1954 in the Vietnam War

text: 1954 in the Vietnam War As 1954 began, the French had been fighting the insurgent communist-dominated Viet Minh for more than seven years attempting to retain control of their colony Vietnam. Domestic support for the war by the population of France had declined. The United States was concerned and worried that a French military defeat in Vietnam would result in the spread of communism to all the countries of Southeast Asia—the domino theory—and was looking for means of aiding the French without committing American troops to the war. In a last ditch effort to defeat the Viet Minh, the French

text: to obtain information rather than press conferences, official news releases and reports of official proceedings. As more American households obtained television sets, it became easier for citizens to keep up with the war. Although it was useful to have all information acquired during the war, the media played a huge role in what the American people saw and believed. Many journalists who visited Vietnam during the war were not primarily interested in the culture of Vietnam or the way of life practiced there, but on the conduct of the war and the disparity between official accounts of it and what

title: Vietnam War

text: Laotians since the end of the war. Casualties from Agent Orange exposure is not known currently. The Vietnam War has been featured extensively in television, film, video games, music and literature in the participant countries. In Vietnam, one notable film set during Operation Linebacker II was the film "Girl from Hanoi" (1975) depicting war-time life in Hanoi. Another notable work was the diary of Đặng Thùy Trâm, a Vietnamese doctor who enlisted in the Southern battlefield, and was killed at the age of 27 by US forces near Quảng Ngãi. Her diaries were later published in Vietnam as "Đặng Thùy

text: fewer than 50 percent agreed that it was "inhuman and immoral for the U.S. to have bombed Hanoi's civilian center" and an impressive 71 percent believed "what we did in bombing Hanoi was no worse than what the communists have done in the Vietnam War." Following the campaign, Hanoi returned to the negotiating table and (after some wrangling with the Saigon government) the Paris Peace Accords were signed on 27 January 1973. For the United States, the Vietnam War was over. United States news media and the Vietnam War The role of the media in the perception of the Vietnam

title: Algeria–Vietnam relations

text: oldest relationship between Vietnam and an Arab nation , Algeria and Vietnam share common political similarities and interests. Both two countries support the cause of Western Sahara, and have established tie with the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic. There is also a military cooperation between them, dated back on Algerian War. Algeria–Vietnam relations Algeria–Vietnam relations refers to bilateral relations between Algeria and Vietnam. The two countries established relations in 1962, although the link between Algeria and Vietnam has been recorded much longer than modern history. Algeria has an embassy in Hanoi while Vietnam has an embassy in Algiers. Both countries are

title: 1970 in the Vietnam War

text: military (then known as FANK) during the Cambodian Civil War. It began on August 20 and lasted until December 3, 1971. Operation Jefferson Glenn was the last major operation in which U.S. ground forces participated in Vietnam. Operation Tailwind was a covert incursion into southeastern Laos by a company-sized element of U.S. Army Special Forces and Montagnard commando (Hatchet Force) of the Military Assistance Command, Vietnam Studies and Observations Group (MACV-SOG or SOG), conducted between 11 September and 13 September 1970 during the Vietnam War (also known as the Second Indochina War). The purpose of the operation was to create

title: Opposition to United States involvement in the Vietnam War

text: With no clear sign of victory in Vietnam, American military casualties helped stimulate opposition to the war by Americans. In their book "Manufacturing Consent", Noam Chomsky and Edward Herman challenge that traditional view of how the media influenced the war and propose that the media instead censored the more brutal images of the fighting and the death of millions of innocent people. The U.S. became polarized over the war. Many supporters of U.S. involvement argued for what was known as the domino theory, a theory that believed if one country fell to communism, then the bordering countries would be sure

title: 1947–50 in the Vietnam War

text: 1947–50 in the Vietnam War In 1946 a civil war had broken out between the French forces in Vietnam and the Việt Minh insurgents, led by Ho Chi Minh who had declared independence and the creation of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam. The objective of the Việt Minh and other Vietnamese nationalists was full independence from France and unification of the three French protectorates. The Việt Minh was dominated by communists. Initially the United States had little interest in Vietnam and was equivocal about supporting France, but in 1950, due to an intensification of the Cold War and a fear

title: India–Vietnam relations

text: India–Vietnam relations The Republic of India and the Socialist Republic of Vietnam enjoy strong bilateral relations. Cultural and economic links between India and Vietnam date back to 2nd century. The Indic Chăm Pa kingdom had some influence on Vietnamese music. In contemporary era, relations between India and Vietnam have been governed by several areas of shared political interests. India strongly condemned U.S. action during the Vietnam War and was also one of the few non-communist countries to assist Vietnam during the Cambodian–Vietnamese War. In 1992, India and Vietnam established extensive economic ties, including oil exploration, agriculture and manufacturing. The relations

title: Vietnam War casualties

text: toll of 3,812,000 dead in Vietnam between 1955–2002. For the period of the Vietnam War the totals are 1,310,000 between 1955 and 1964, 1,700,000 between 1965–74 and 810,000 between 1975 and 1984. (The estimates for 1955–64 are much higher than other estimates). The sum of those totals is 3,091,000 war deaths between 1955–75. Uppsala University in Sweden maintains the Armed Conflict Database. Their estimates for conflict deaths in Vietnam are 164,923 from 1955–64 and 1,458,050 from 1965–75 for a total of 1,622,973. The database also estimates combat deaths in Cambodia for the years 1967–75 to total 259,000. Data for deaths

title: Vietnam War

text: society into submission. The Vietnam War POW/MIA issue, concerning the fate of U.S. service personnel listed as missing in action, persisted for many years after the war's conclusion. The costs of the war loom large in American popular consciousness; a 1990 poll showed that the public incorrectly believed that more Americans lost their lives in Vietnam than in World War II. Between 1953 and 1975, the United States was estimated to have spent $168 billion on the war ($1.02 trillion in FY2015 dollars). This resulted in a large federal budget deficit. Other figures point to $138.9 billion from 1965 to

title: Palestine–Vietnam relations

text: opening ceremony. Ever since Vietnam normalized relationship with Israel, Vietnam has emerged as one of Israel's top partners in Asia. Increasing relationship between Vietnam and Israel has played huge role that making the relationship between Vietnam and Palestine less important than usual. Nonetheless, Vietnam remains supportive of an independent Palestine under the two-state solution. Palestine–Vietnam relations Relations between Vietnam and the Palestine have been strong and very friendly. Vietnam had established very close relations with the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) and was one of the first countries to recognize the State of Palestine. During the height of the Vietnam War

title: Land mines in the Vietnam War

text: Land mines in the Vietnam War Since the outbreak of the First Indochina War in 1946 and later the bloodier Second Indochina War of the 1960s and 1970s, countless numbers of land mines have been planted in what is now the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. Many of these devices that did not detonate at some point or another remain a very dangerous menace that continues plaguing the country and surrounding areas. The French made limited use of mines in the beginnings of the independence war in Indochina. The M14 mine blast-type anti-personnel mine used by the United States during the

title: Land mines in the Vietnam War

text: mine action. Land mines in the Vietnam War Since the outbreak of the First Indochina War in 1946 and later the bloodier Second Indochina War of the 1960s and 1970s, countless numbers of land mines have been planted in what is now the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. Many of these devices that did not detonate at some point or another remain a very dangerous menace that continues plaguing the country and surrounding areas. The French made limited use of mines in the beginnings of the independence war in Indochina. The M14 mine blast-type anti-personnel mine used by the United States

title: The War Between the Tates

text: The War Between the Tates The War Between the Tates is a campus novel by Alison Lurie that takes place at an elite university during the upheavals of the late 1960s and gently and deftly skewers all sides in the turmoils and conflicts of that era — opposition to the Vietnam war, the start of the feminist movement, the generation gap, sexual liberation, experimentation with drugs, and student unrest. Erica and Brian Tate are a seemingly happy and successful academic couple. At least, Brian Tate is successful: he is the holder of the endowed Sayles Chair of Political Science at

title: Forward air control during the Vietnam War

text: This was symbolic of what was to come. Once again the United States Air Force abandoned forward air control at the war's end, just as it had following World War II and after the Korean War. Forward air control during the Vietnam War The forward air controller (FAC) played a significant part in the Vietnam War from the very start. Largely relegated to airborne duty by the constraints of jungled terrain, FACs began operations as early as 1962. Using makeshift propeller-driven aircraft and inadequate radio nets, they became so essential to air operations that the overall need for FACs would

title: The Vietnam War (score)

text: music from the 1960s and 1970s played in the series, "The Vietnam War (The Soundtrack)". The Vietnam War (score) The Vietnam War (Original Score) is an electronic soundtrack album by Trent Reznor and Atticus Ross for Ken Burns and Lynn Novick's television documentary series "The Vietnam War" which first aired on PBS in September 2017. The album was released on vinyl, CD and digitally on September 15, 2017 by Universal Music Enterprises and Reznor's own label The Null Corporation. Additionally, the TV series reused tracks from the duo's soundtrack work on "The Social Network" (2010) and "The Girl with the

title: Iran–Vietnam relations

text: During Rouhani's visit the two nations pledged to boost future trade to $2 billion. Iran–Vietnam relations Iran–Vietnam relations refer to the bilateral relations between Iran and Vietnam, which were formally established in 1973. Iran has an embassy in Hanoi while Vietnam has an embassy in Tehran. Relations of both Iran and Vietnam did not really exist due to the Vietnam War. Iran was a pro-Western country while Vietnam was divided between Communist North and Republic South. Vietnam is one of few countries in the world to show direct support for the Iranian Revolution. Three Iranian presidents have visited Viet Nam,

title: Iran–Vietnam relations

text: Iran–Vietnam relations Iran–Vietnam relations refer to the bilateral relations between Iran and Vietnam, which were formally established in 1973. Iran has an embassy in Hanoi while Vietnam has an embassy in Tehran. Relations of both Iran and Vietnam did not really exist due to the Vietnam War. Iran was a pro-Western country while Vietnam was divided between Communist North and Republic South. Vietnam is one of few countries in the world to show direct support for the Iranian Revolution. Three Iranian presidents have visited Viet Nam, Hassan Rouhani in 2016, Mahmoud Ahmadinejad in 2012, and Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani in 1995.

title: Vietnam: The Australian War

text: Vietnam: The Australian War Vietnam, The Australian War is a non-fiction book written by Australian author Paul Ham. This book is a comprehensive history of the First and Second Indochinese wars, written from a predominantly Australian point of view, namely, the First Indochina War and the Vietnam War. It sets the Australian involvement in the war in Vietnam in the context of the American and Vietnamese experiences. The author draws on voluminous sources, many of them recently declassified, and recounts the history of Indochina as far back as about 3000 years. The book draws heavily on hundreds of interviews with

title: Algeria–Vietnam relations

text: Algeria–Vietnam relations Algeria–Vietnam relations refers to bilateral relations between Algeria and Vietnam. The two countries established relations in 1962, although the link between Algeria and Vietnam has been recorded much longer than modern history. Algeria has an embassy in Hanoi while Vietnam has an embassy in Algiers. Both countries are members of the Group of 77. Relationship between Algeria and Vietnam is the oldest relationship between Vietnam with an Arab country in the Arab World. The relationship started when France ruled two countries at 19th century. When France conquered Vietnam at 19th century, King Hàm Nghi of Vietnam was forced

title: Legality of the Vietnam War

text: Legality of the Vietnam War The legality of the Vietnam War refers to the lawfulness of the 1965-1975 U.S. military activity that occurred in Vietnam. The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, passed in 1964, authorized U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson to use military force in Southeast Asia. The Resolution was repealed in 1971, however, and President Richard M. Nixon cited his power as commander-in-chief of U.S. forces under as legal authority for operations in Vietnam. No formal declaration of war was ever made, a violation of the US Constitution according to many. Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter prohibits war

title: The Vietnam War (score)

text: The Vietnam War (score) The Vietnam War (Original Score) is an electronic soundtrack album by Trent Reznor and Atticus Ross for Ken Burns and Lynn Novick's television documentary series "The Vietnam War" which first aired on PBS in September 2017. The album was released on vinyl, CD and digitally on September 15, 2017 by Universal Music Enterprises and Reznor's own label The Null Corporation. Additionally, the TV series reused tracks from the duo's soundtrack work on "The Social Network" (2010) and "The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo" (2011). Also featured were ten of the tracks they composed for Nine Inch

title: Detroit Committee to End the War in Vietnam

text: Detroit Committee to End the War in Vietnam The Detroit Committee to End the War in Vietnam was the citywide anti-war organization that mobilized numerous actions in Detroit, United States between 1965 and 1972(?) and helped bring thousands of people to mass protests in Washington, D.C. Often there was internal conflict over slogans and politics within the group between social democrats, members of Students for a Democratic Society, and the Socialist Workers Party, which finally gained ascendency. The DCEWV was supplanted by the Detroit Coalition to End the War Now, which was a broader organization. Much of the history is

title: March Against the Vietnam War

text: March Against the Vietnam War The March Against the Vietnam War was held in Washington, D.C. on 17 April 1965. The student activist group Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) held its first anti-Vietnam War protest rally in Washington, DC. It was co-sponsored by Women's Strike for Peace. 25,000 attended, including Joan Baez, Judy Collins, and Phil Ochs. The host was I. F. Stone. He began by proclaiming: "Welcome to Washington." One of the two Senators who voted against the Tonkin Gulf Resolution that gave credence to U.S. involvement in Vietnam spoke (it was either Greuning or Morse). After the

title: Canada and the Vietnam War

text: Canada and the Vietnam War The Vietnam War had considerable effects on Canada – and Canada and Canadians affected the war. The Canadian government did not officially participate in the war. However, it contributed peacekeeping forces in 1973 to help enforce the Paris Peace Accords. Privately, some Canadians contributed to the war effort. Canadian corporations sold war materiel to the Americans. In addition, at least 30,000 Canadians volunteered to serve in the American armed forces during the war. At least 134 Canadians died or were reported missing in Vietnam. Meanwhile, tens of thousands of American Vietnam War resisters emigrated to