query: what language is mainly spoken in england?

title: English language in England

text: English language in England The English language spoken and written in England encompasses a diverse range of accents and dialects. The dialect forms part of the broader British English, along with other varieties in the United Kingdom. Terms used to refer to the English language spoken and written in England include: English English, Anglo-English and British English in England. The related term 'British English' (which in American English is often used to mean English English and Anglo-English) has many ambiguities and tensions in the word "British" and as a result can be used and interpreted multiple ways, but is usually

title: English language in England

text: same series include Cockney (used by actress Billie Piper) and Estuary (used by actress Catherine Tate). A television reality programme "Rock School" was set in Suffolk in its second series, providing lots of examples of the Suffolk dialect. English language in England The English language spoken and written in England encompasses a diverse range of accents and dialects. The dialect forms part of the broader British English, along with other varieties in the United Kingdom. Terms used to refer to the English language spoken and written in England include: English English, Anglo-English and British English in England. The related term

title: Celtic language decline in England

text: in Britain of immigrants who spoke the Germanic language now known as Old English, particularly around the fifth century CE. Gradually, Celtic-speakers switched to speaking this English language until Celtic languages were no longer extensively spoken in what became England. However, the precise processes by which this shift happened have been much debated, not least because the situation was strikingly different from, for example, post-Roman Gaul, Iberia, or North Africa, where Germanic-speaking invaders gradually switched to local languages. Explaining the rise of Old English is therefore crucial in any account of cultural change in post-Roman Britain, and in particular to

title: English language in Northern England

text: English language in Northern England The English language in Northern England has been shaped by the region's history of settlement and migration, and today encompasses a group of related dialects known as Northern England English (or, simply, Northern English in the United Kingdom). Historically, the strongest influence on the varieties of the English language spoken in Northern England was the Northumbrian dialect of Old English, but contact with Old Norse during the Viking Age and with Irish English following the Great Famine have produced new and distinctive styles of speech. Some "Northern" traits can be found further south than others:

title: Language Spoken at Home

text: Voting Rights Act and to allocate funds for to schools for programs for English Language Learners. Federal and local governments, as well as non-governmental and private interests also use these statistics. Language Spoken at Home Language Spoken at Home is a data set published by the United States Census Bureau on languages in the United States. It is based on a three-part language question asked about all household members who are five years old or older. The first part asks if the person speaks a language other than English at home. If the answer is 'yes,' the respondent is asked

title: English language in southern England

text: English language in southern England English in southern England (also, rarely, Southern English English, or in the UK, simply, Southern English) is the collective set of different dialects and accents of the English spoken in Southern England. South East England and the Home Counties (the counties bordering London) tend to reflect the interface between the London region and other regional accents. Affluent districts are associated with a modified Received Pronunciation (RP) accent, reflecting their traditional popularity with upper middle and upper-class residents which has spread throughout more social classes broadly in rural areas with commuting access to London. Less affluent

title: English language in southern England

text: sounds. The accents of Suffolk and Cambridgeshire are different from the Norfolk accent. English language in southern England English in southern England (also, rarely, Southern English English, or in the UK, simply, Southern English) is the collective set of different dialects and accents of the English spoken in Southern England. South East England and the Home Counties (the counties bordering London) tend to reflect the interface between the London region and other regional accents. Affluent districts are associated with a modified Received Pronunciation (RP) accent, reflecting their traditional popularity with upper middle and upper-class residents which has spread throughout more

title: English language in Europe

text: English language in Europe The English language in Europe, as a native language, is mainly spoken in the United Kingdom and Ireland. Outside of these states, it has a special status in the Crown dependencies (Isle of Man, Jersey and Guernsey), Gibraltar (one of the British Overseas Territories) and Malta. In the Kingdom of the Netherlands, English has an official status as a regional language on the isles of Saba and Sint Eustatius (located in the Caribbean). In other parts of Europe, English is spoken mainly by those who have learnt it as a second language, but also, to a

title: Spoken English Corpus

text: only be searched using specially written scripts. The database, together with tools, is available under GNU GPL licensing at the Aix-MARSEC project site. Spoken English Corpus The Spoken English Corpus (SEC) is a speech corpus used in corpus linguistics consisting of a collection of recordings of spoken British English compiled during the period 1984-7 through a collaboration, funded by IBM, between the Unit for Computer Research on the English Language (UCREL) at the University of Lancaster and the IBM Scientific Centre in Winchester. The corpus comprises 53 recorded passages, mainly recorded from the BBC, spoken in the accent usually referred

title: Spoken English Corpus

text: Spoken English Corpus The Spoken English Corpus (SEC) is a speech corpus used in corpus linguistics consisting of a collection of recordings of spoken British English compiled during the period 1984-7 through a collaboration, funded by IBM, between the Unit for Computer Research on the English Language (UCREL) at the University of Lancaster and the IBM Scientific Centre in Winchester. The corpus comprises 53 recorded passages, mainly recorded from the BBC, spoken in the accent usually referred to as Received Pronunciation, or RP. It covers categories such as commentary. news broadcast, lecture and dialogue. The corpus contains 52,637 words, in

title: Foreign language influences in English

text: Foreign language influences in English The core of English language descends from Old English, the language brought with the Angles, Saxon, and Jutish settlers to what was to be called England in and after the 500s. The bulk of the language in spoken and written texts is from this source. As a statistical rule, around 70 percent of words in any text are Anglo-Saxon. Moreover, the grammar is largely Anglo-Saxon. A significant portion of the English vocabulary comes from Romance and Latinate sources. Estimates of native words (derived from Old English) range from 20%–33%, with the rest made up of

title: Spoken language

text: Spoken language A spoken language is a language produced by articulate sounds, as opposed to a written language. Many languages have no written form and so are only spoken. An oral language or vocal language is a language produced with the vocal tract, as opposed to a sign language, which is produced with the hands and face. The term "spoken language" is sometimes used to mean only vocal languages, especially by linguists, making all three terms synonyms by excluding sign languages. Others refer to sign language as "spoken", especially in contrast to written transcriptions of signs. In spoken language, much

title: In What Language?

text: is being able to watch TV and play video games at the same time, so be it. We can only hope it inspires real discourse and real thought." Lyn Horton of All About Jazz noted "A concrete lesson seems to emanate from "In What Language?" and it is this: that no matter what language distinguishes the nature of the present global geo-political culture, the language spoken has a clear and consistent meaning borne in its content. The language transcends any dialect. And if we are determined enough, within our commonly shared humanity, we can speak the same language. In our

title: Language Spoken at Home

text: Language Spoken at Home Language Spoken at Home is a data set published by the United States Census Bureau on languages in the United States. It is based on a three-part language question asked about all household members who are five years old or older. The first part asks if the person speaks a language other than English at home. If the answer is 'yes,' the respondent is asked what that language is. The third part of the question asks how well the person speaks English ("Very well,' "Well," "not well," "Not at all"). The three-part question was first asked

title: Spoken language

text: of the meaning is determined by the context. That contrasts with written language in which more of the meaning is provided directly by the text. In spoken language, the truth of a proposition is determined by common-sense reference to experience, but in written language, a greater emphasis is placed on logical and coherent argument. Similarly, spoken language tends to convey subjective information, including the relationship between the speaker and the audience, whereas written language tends to convey objective information. The relationship between spoken language and written language is complex. Within the field of linguistics the current consensus is that speech

title: Spoken language

text: blocks are called phonemes. In both vocal and sign languages, words are grammatically and prosodically linked into phrases, clauses, and larger units of discourse. Hearing children acquire as their first language the language that is used around them, whether vocal, cued (if they are sighted) signed. Deaf children can do the same with Cued Speech or sign language if either visual communication system is used around them. Vocal language are traditionally taught to them in the same way that written language must be taught to hearing children. (See oralism.) Spoken language A spoken language is a language produced by articulate

title: Celtic language decline in England

text: bulk of the population; the rural elite were probably bilingual. However, at the most extreme, it has been suggested that Latin became the prevalent language of lowland Britain, in which case the story of Celtic language-death in what is now England begins with its extensive displacement by Latin. Thomas Toon has suggested that if the population of Roman Lowland Britain was bilingual in both Brittonic and Latin, such a multilingual society might adapt to the use of a third language, such as that spoken by the Germanic Anglo-Saxons, more readily than a monoglot population. Old English shows little obvious influence

title: Celtic language decline in England

text: such as coins, the Bloomberg and Vindolanda tablets, and Bath curse tablets. This shows that most inhabitants spoke British Celtic and/or British Latin until the Roman economy and administrative structures collapsed, around the early fifth century. However, by the eighth century, when extensive evidence for the language situation in England is next available, it is clear that the dominant language was Old English, whose West Germanic ancestors were spoken in what is now the Netherlands, north-western Germany, and southern Denmark. There is no serious doubt that Old English was brought to Britain primarily during the fifth and sixth centuries by

title: Spoken language

text: is an innate human capability, and written language is a cultural invention. However some linguists, such as those of the Prague school, argue that written and spoken language possess distinct qualities which would argue against written language being dependent on spoken language for its existence. Both vocal and sign languages are composed of words. In vocal languages, words are made up from a limited set of vowels and consonants, and often tone. In sign languages, words are made up from a limited set of shapes, orientations, locations movements of the hands, and often facial expressions; in both cases, the building

title: Japanese: The Spoken Language

text: Japanese: The Spoken Language Japanese: The Spoken Language (JSL) is an introductory textbook series for learning Japanese. JSL was written by Eleanor Harz Jorden in collaboration with Mari Noda. "Part 1" was published in 1987 by Yale Language Press, "Part 2" in 1988, and "Part 3" in 1990. The series differs from most Japanese language textbooks in many ways, most basically in that it focuses exclusively on the spoken language and leaves discussion of any aspect of the written language to other textbooks, such as the parallel series "" (JWL). The textbook is controversial both among students of the language

title: English language in Europe

text: "came men of Ald Seaxum of Anglum of Iotum" (Saxons, Angles and Jutes). The Chronicle documents the subsequent influx of settlers who eventually established seven kingdoms: Northumbria, Mercia, East Anglia, Kent, Essex, Sussex and Wessex. These Germanic invaders dominated the original Celtic-speaking inhabitants. The dialects spoken by these invaders formed what would be called Old English, which was also strongly influenced by yet another Germanic language, Old East Norse, spoken by Danish Viking invaders who settled mainly in the North-East. English, England and East Anglia are derived from words referring to the Angles: "Englisc", "Angelcynn" and "Englaland". For 300 years

title: Japanese: The Spoken Language

text: in instruction. Japanese: The Spoken Language Japanese: The Spoken Language (JSL) is an introductory textbook series for learning Japanese. JSL was written by Eleanor Harz Jorden in collaboration with Mari Noda. "Part 1" was published in 1987 by Yale Language Press, "Part 2" in 1988, and "Part 3" in 1990. The series differs from most Japanese language textbooks in many ways, most basically in that it focuses exclusively on the spoken language and leaves discussion of any aspect of the written language to other textbooks, such as the parallel series "" (JWL). The textbook is controversial both among students of

title: English language in Northern England

text: (SED), which uses the historic counties (minus Cheshire) as the basis of study. The SED also groups Manx English with Northern dialects, although this is a distinct variety of English and the Isle of Man is not part of England. Under Wells' scheme, this definition includes Far North and Middle North dialects, but excludes the Midlands dialects. Scottish English is always considered distinct from Northern England English, although the two have interacted and influenced each other. Many northern dialects reflect the influence of the Old Norse language strongly, compared with other varieties of English spoken in England. In addition to

title: Celtic language decline in England

text: Celtic and spoken Latin in post-Roman Britain. Within this consensus, debate continues, for example over whether at least some Germanic-speaking peasant-class immigrants must have been involved to bring about the language-shift; what legal or social structures (such as enslavement or apartheid-like customs) might have promoted the high status of English; and precisely how slowly Brittonic (and British Latin) disappeared in different regions. An idiosyncratic alternative explanation for the spread of English that has gained extensive popular attention is Stephen Oppenheimer's suggestion that the lack of Celtic influence on English is because the ancestor of English was already widely spoken in

title: Karamojong language

text: Karamojong language The Karamojong language (spelled "ŋaKarimojoŋ" or "ŋaKaramojoŋ" in Karamojong; Ngakarimojong or N'Karamojong in English) is a Nilo-Saharan language spoken mainly in the Karamoja subregion of north-eastern Uganda. Ngakarimojong is a Nilotic language of the Nilo-Saharan language family (Encyclopædia Britannica) spoken by at least 370,000 people in Uganda – the Karamojong people, or "ŋiKarimojoŋ" in their language. The name approximates to "the old men sat down", dating from a time of migration 300 or more years ago when this group refused to travel further on (to what is now Teso). They are a cattle-keeping people practising transhumance, which is

title: Celtic language decline in England

text: Celtic language decline in England Celtic language-death in England refers primarily to the process by which speakers of Brittonic languages in what is currently England switched to speaking English. This happened in most of England between about 400 and 1000 CE, though in Cornwall only in the eighteenth century. Prior to about the fifth century CE, most people in Britain spoke Celtic languages (for the most part specifically Brittonic languages), although Vulgar Latin may have taken over in larger settlements, especially in the south-east. The fundamental reason for the death of these languages in early medieval England was the arrival

title: New England French

text: supported by bilingual education programs in place since 1987. The figures below include speakers of any French dialect, as estimated during the 2012-2016 American Community Survey: French language spoken at home by more than 10% of the population, as estimated for the 2011-2015 American Community Survey: New England French New England French () is a variety of Canadian French spoken in the New England region of the United States. New England French is one of the major forms of the French language that developed in what is now the United States, the others being Louisiana French and the nearly extinct

title: In What Language?

text: In What Language? In What Language? is a studio album by American jazz pianist Vijay Iyer recorded with hip-hop artist Mike Ladd. The album was released on via Pi Recordings label. Joe Tangari of "Piitchfork" mentioned "What might make "In What Language?" truly important, though, is that it's focused intently on probing social issues in meaningful ways. We've all spent time lately lamenting the fact that modern music is so apolitical, and this is a good start for an antidote. If it takes a poet and a jazz pianist to expose some truth in an age where the American dream

title: In What Language?

text: eyes, our bodies, our hearts, our minds." In What Language? In What Language? is a studio album by American jazz pianist Vijay Iyer recorded with hip-hop artist Mike Ladd. The album was released on via Pi Recordings label. Joe Tangari of "Piitchfork" mentioned "What might make "In What Language?" truly important, though, is that it's focused intently on probing social issues in meaningful ways. We've all spent time lately lamenting the fact that modern music is so apolitical, and this is a good start for an antidote. If it takes a poet and a jazz pianist to expose some truth

title: New England French

text: New England French New England French () is a variety of Canadian French spoken in the New England region of the United States. New England French is one of the major forms of the French language that developed in what is now the United States, the others being Louisiana French and the nearly extinct Missouri French, Muskrat French and Métis French. The dialect is the predominant form of French spoken in New England (apart from standard French), except in the Saint John Valley of northern Aroostook County, Maine, where Acadian French predominates. The dialect is endangered, but its use is

title: Pictish language

text: Pictish language Pictish is the extinct language spoken by the Picts, the people of eastern and northern Scotland from the late Iron Age to the Early Middle Ages. Virtually no direct attestations of Pictish remain, short of a limited number of geographical and personal names found on monuments and the contemporary records in the area controlled by the Kingdom of the Picts. Such evidence, however, points to the language being related to the Brittonic language spoken prior to Anglo-Saxon settlement in what is now southern Scotland, England, and Wales. The prevailing view in the second half of the 20th century

title: Anglo-Norman language

text: unique insular dialect now known as Anglo-Norman French, which was commonly used for literary and eventually administrative purposes from the 12th until the 15th century. It is difficult to know much about what was actually spoken, as what is known about the dialect is restricted to what was written, but it is clear that Anglo-Norman was, to a large extent, the spoken language of the higher social strata in medieval England. It was spoken in the law courts, schools, and universities and, in due course, in at least some sections of the gentry and the growing bourgeoisie. Private and commercial

title: Language Spoken at Home

text: Punjabi and Pennsylvania German, are collated into smaller groupings. Native North American languages besides Navajo are also collated, though they are reported on several geographic levels in another data set. For the 2009-2013 ACS data, detailed information was provided on over 300 languages. In addition to the number of speakers reported for each language, the count of speakers whose English speaking ability is less than "very well" is also reported. Updated information is available via the Census Bureau's American Fact-finder. Statistics on English-speaking ability and language spoken at home are used by the Justice Department in the implementation of the

title: Celtic language decline in England

text: was a Romano-British phenomenon, not just one associated with Anglo-Saxon incomers'. Therefore, other explanations for the replacement of Roman period place-names which allow for a less cataclysmic shift to English naming include: Thus place-names are important for showing the swift spread of English across England, and also provide important glimpses into details of the history of Brittonic and Latin in the region. But they do not demand a single or simple model for explaining the spread of English. Celtic language decline in England Celtic language-death in England refers primarily to the process by which speakers of Brittonic languages in what

title: Hiligaynon language

text: Hiligaynon language The Hiligaynon language, also often referred to by most of its speakers simply as Ilonggo, is an Austronesian regional language spoken in the Philippines by about 9.1 million people, mainly in Western Visayas and SOCCSKSARGEN, most of whom belong to the Visayan ethnic group, mainly the Hiligaynons. It is the second-most widely spoken language and a member of the so-named Visayan language family and is more distantly related to other Philippine languages. Hiligaynon is mainly concentrated in the regions of Western Visayas (Iloilo, Capiz, Guimaras, and Negros Occidental), as well as in South Cotabato, Sultan Kudarat, and North

title: Hiligaynon language

title: Arabic language in Israel

text: Arabic language in Israel The Arabic language in Israel is spoken natively by a large proportion of the population, reaching over 20 percent of the total population, mainly by the Arab citizens of Israel and among the Arabic-speaking Jews from the Arab world. Some refer to the modern Hebrew-influenced Levantine Arabic vernacular, spoken by many Israeli Arabs, as the "Israeli Arabic dialect". Among most Arabs the vernacular spoken is similar to Palestinian Arabic, while Bedouin traditionally speak their own dialect of Arabic. The Northern part of the country is more influenced with Lebanese Arabic (Central Northern Levantine Arabic), especially among

title: Middle Frisian language

text: Middle Frisian language Middle Frisian evolved from Old Frisian from the 16th century and was spoken until c. 1820, considered the beginning of the Modern period of the Frisian languages. Up until the 15th century Old Frisian was a language widely spoken and written in what are now the Netherlands and Germany, but from 1500 onwards it became an almost exclusively oral language, mainly used in rural areas. This was in part due to the occupation of its stronghold, the Dutch province of Friesland (Fryslân), in 1498 - when Duke Albert of Saxony replaced Frisian as the language of government

title: Karamojong language

text: in the early 1990s. More recently, there have been some educational books and there are various grammars and dictionaries produced mainly by Roman Catholic religious. The Old Testament is in process with a number of books already completed. Karamojong language The Karamojong language (spelled "ŋaKarimojoŋ" or "ŋaKaramojoŋ" in Karamojong; Ngakarimojong or N'Karamojong in English) is a Nilo-Saharan language spoken mainly in the Karamoja subregion of north-eastern Uganda. Ngakarimojong is a Nilotic language of the Nilo-Saharan language family (Encyclopædia Britannica) spoken by at least 370,000 people in Uganda – the Karamojong people, or "ŋiKarimojoŋ" in their language. The name approximates to

title: Malecite-Passamaquoddy language

text: Malecite-Passamaquoddy language Malecite–Passamaquoddy (also known as Maliseet–Passamaquoddy) is an endangered Algonquian language spoken by the Maliseet and Passamaquoddy peoples along both sides of the border between Maine in the United States and New Brunswick, Canada. The language consists of two major dialects: Malecite, which is mainly spoken in the Saint John River Valley in New Brunswick; and Passamaquoddy, spoken mostly in the St. Croix River Valley of eastern Maine. However, the two dialects differ only slightly, mainly in accent. Malecite-Passamaquoddy was widely spoken by the indigenous people in these areas until around the post-World War II era, when changes in

title: Middle Frisian language

text: this point in time, around 1820. Middle Frisian language Middle Frisian evolved from Old Frisian from the 16th century and was spoken until c. 1820, considered the beginning of the Modern period of the Frisian languages. Up until the 15th century Old Frisian was a language widely spoken and written in what are now the Netherlands and Germany, but from 1500 onwards it became an almost exclusively oral language, mainly used in rural areas. This was in part due to the occupation of its stronghold, the Dutch province of Friesland (Fryslân), in 1498 - when Duke Albert of Saxony replaced

title: Brokpa language

text: Brokpa language The Brokpa language (, "Dr˚okpakha", "Dr˚opkha"), also called the Mera-Sakteng language after its speakers' home regions, is a Southern Tibetic language spoken by about 5000 people mainly in Mera and Sakteng Gewogs in the Sakteng Valley of Trashigang District in Eastern Bhutan. Brokpa is spoken by descendants of pastoral yakherd communities. The word brokpa has two parts. 'brok' and 'pa'. In Tibetic 'Brok' means mountain and 'pa' means native people, so the word 'Brokpa' refers to the language spoken by the people living on the mountains. Roger Blench has also recently named a language complex called Senge spoken

title: Italian language in the United States

text: is a semiannual publication of the society of the same name, dedicated to preserving the Sicilian language. The magazine and a periodic newsletter offer prose, poetry and comment in Sicilian, with adjacent English translations. Italian language in the United States The Italian language has been a widely spoken language in the United States of America for more than one hundred years, due to large-scale immigration beginning in the late 19th century. Today it is the eighth most spoken language in the country. The first Italian Americans began to immigrate en masse began around 1880. The first Italian immigrants, mainly from

title: English language in England

text: to Welsh, and more closely to Breton. The Norfolk dialect is spoken in the traditional county of Norfolk and areas of north Suffolk. Famous speakers include Keith Skipper. The group FOND (Friends of Norfolk Dialect) was formed to record the county's dialect and to provide advice for TV companies using the dialect in productions. East Anglian dialect is also spoken in areas of Cambridgeshire. It is characterised by the use of for in FLEECE words. There are several accent features which are common to most of the accents of northern England (Wells 1982, section 4.4). Some dialect words used across

title: Lezgian language

text: Lezgian language Lezgian , also called Lezgi or Lezgin, is a language that belongs to the Lezgic languages. It is spoken by the Lezgins, who live in southern Dagestan, northern Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Turkey, Germany and etc. Lezgian is a literary language and an official language of Dagestan. It is classified as "vulnerable" by UNESCO's Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger. In 2002, Lezgian was spoken by about 397,000 people in Russia, mainly Southern Dagestan, and in 1999 by 178,400 people in mainly the Qusar, Quba, Qabala, Oghuz, Ismailli and Khachmaz "(Xaçmaz)" provinces of northeastern Azerbaijan. Lezgian is

title: Odia language

text: along with the culture during the old-day trading, and in western countries such as the United States, Canada, Australia and England as well. The language has also spread to Burma, Malaysia, Fiji, Sri Lanka and Middle East countries. Kataki Odia or "The Odia of Mughalbandi region" is considered as Standard Odia due to literary traditions.Also worth mentioning that spoken Standard of Odia is much different than literary Odia. It is spoken mainly in the eastern half of the state of Odisha, in districts like Khordha, Puri, Cuttack, Jajpur, Jagatsinghpur, Kendrapada, Dhenkanal, Angul and Nayagarh district with not much variation. Odia's

title: Sansi language

text: Sansi language The Sansi language, "Sansiboli", or Bhilki, is a highly endangered Indo-Aryan language of the Central group. The language is spoken by the nomadic Sansi people. "Ethnologue" sees it as a Hindustani language (Western Hindi). Some sources also mention it as a dialect of the Rajasthani language. "Glottolog" links it to Punjabi. Kabutra, spoken by a thousand people in Pakistan, is mutually intelligible. It is spoken by about sixty thousand speakers mainly in Rajasthan, Haryana, Punjab, and Delhi states of India. As a language, Sansiboli is not confined to any particular geographical boundary. It has benefitted from various sources,

title: Magar language

text: Dhut Magar language is sometimes lumped with Kham magar language spoken further west in Bheri, Dhaulagiri, Karnali and Rapti zones. Although the two languages have a large number of words in common, they have major structural differences and are not mutually intelligible. Western Magar (dialects: "Palpa" and "Syangja") is spoken in the following districts of Nepal ("Ethnologue"). Eastern Magar (dialects: "Gorkha", "Nawalparasi", and "Tanahu") is spoken in the following districts of Nepal ("Ethnologue"). Magar language Dhut magar ( Dhut m"agar bhasa") is a language spoken mainly in Nepal, Southern Bhutan, Darjeeling, India, and Sikkim, India, by the Magar people. It

title: Language Spoken at Home

text: spoken was a part of Summary File 3. For the 2000 census, data was published for 30 languages, chosen for their nationwide distribution, and 10 language groupings (see list below). Data from households which report languages other than the 30 are reported under the language groupings. Thus, languages which are widespread in certain areas of the country but not nationally get put together, even in block level data. Lithuanian, and Welsh are simply "Other Indo-European languages," Yoruba and Swahili are simply "African languages," and Indonesian and Hakka are simply "Other Asian languages." Several locally very well represented languages, such as

title: 'Are'are language

text: 'Are'are language The 'Are'are language is spoken by the 'Are'are people of the Solomon Islands. It is spoken by about 18,000 people, making it the second-largest Oceanic language in the Solomons after the Kwara'ae (also from Malaita). The literacy rate for 'Are'are is somewhere between 30% and 60% for first language speakers, and 25%–50% for second language learners. There are also translated Bible portions into the language from 1957–2008. The language is spoken mainly by the 'Are'are people, on the southern part of Malaita island, as well as nearby South Malaita Island and the eastern shore of Guadalcanal (the Marau

title: Pyu language (Burma)

text: Pyu language (Burma) The Pyu language (, ; also Tircul language) is an extinct Sino-Tibetan language that was mainly spoken in what is now Myanmar in the first millennium CE. It was the vernacular of the Pyu city-states, which thrived between the second century BCE and the ninth century CE. Its usage declined starting in the late ninth century when the Bamar people of Nanzhao began to overtake the Pyu city-states. The language was still in use, at least in royal inscriptions of the Pagan Kingdom if not in popular vernacular, until the late twelfth century. It became extinct in

title: Pyu language (Burma)

text: selected Pyu basic vocabulary items from Gordon Luce (1985: 66-69). and Marc Miyake (2016). Pyu language (Burma) The Pyu language (, ; also Tircul language) is an extinct Sino-Tibetan language that was mainly spoken in what is now Myanmar in the first millennium CE. It was the vernacular of the Pyu city-states, which thrived between the second century BCE and the ninth century CE. Its usage declined starting in the late ninth century when the Bamar people of Nanzhao began to overtake the Pyu city-states. The language was still in use, at least in royal inscriptions of the Pagan Kingdom

title: Bunun language

text: (De Busser 2009:454): Takivatan Bunun also has definitive markers. Bunun language The Bunun language () is spoken by the Bunun people of Taiwan. It is one of the Formosan languages, a geographic group of Austronesian languages, and is subdivided in five dialects: Isbukun, Takbunuaz, Takivatan, Takibaka and Takituduh. Isbukun, the dominant dialect, is mainly spoken in the south of Taiwan. Takbunuaz and Takivatan are mainly spoken in the center of the country. Takibaka and Takituduh both are northern dialects. A sixth dialect, Takipulan, became extinct in the 1970s. The Saaroa and Kanakanabu, two smaller minority groups who share their territory

title: Bunun language

text: Bunun language The Bunun language () is spoken by the Bunun people of Taiwan. It is one of the Formosan languages, a geographic group of Austronesian languages, and is subdivided in five dialects: Isbukun, Takbunuaz, Takivatan, Takibaka and Takituduh. Isbukun, the dominant dialect, is mainly spoken in the south of Taiwan. Takbunuaz and Takivatan are mainly spoken in the center of the country. Takibaka and Takituduh both are northern dialects. A sixth dialect, Takipulan, became extinct in the 1970s. The Saaroa and Kanakanabu, two smaller minority groups who share their territory with an Isbukun Bunun group, have also adopted Bunun

title: Mbunda language

text: by "TH". Mbunda language in Angola and Namibia is spoken without the "TH" sounds, like in the Luchazi language; the words above are pronounced as "Mutzitzime" (shadow), "chizalo" (cloth), "Kutsa" (death). Even within Zambia, the Mbunda language spoken by the Chiyengele group that migrated earlier is different from that spoken by the Mbunda group that fled into Zambia as a consequence of the Mbunda-Portuguese war of 1914. That is why the Mbunda language of the Chiyengele group, mainly found in Mongu, is nicknamed "Shamuka", heavily influenced by Lozi language. The same term can be attributed to the Mbunda language in

title: Luri language

text: Luri language Luri or Lurish (Luri: لۊری) is a Western Iranian language continuum spoken by the Lurs in Western Asia.The Luri dialects are descended from Middle Persian (Pahlavi). Luri forms five language groups known as Feyli, Central Luri, Bakhtiari, Laki and Southern Luri. This language is spoken mainly by the Feyli Lurs, Bakhtiari and Southern Lurs (Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad, Mamasani, Sepidan, Bandar Ganaveh, Deylam) of Iran and beyond. The Luri dialects are descended from Middle Persian (Pahlavi). They belong to the "Persid" or "Southern Zagros group", and are lexically similar to modern Persian, differing mainly in phonology. According to the

title: Luri language

text: Persian people, different dialects of Luri, despite mainly common characteristics, have significant differences. The northern dialect tends to have more Kurdish loanwords inside and southern dialects (Bakhtiari and Southern Luri) have been more exposed to Persian loanwords. Luri language Luri or Lurish (Luri: لۊری) is a Western Iranian language continuum spoken by the Lurs in Western Asia.The Luri dialects are descended from Middle Persian (Pahlavi). Luri forms five language groups known as Feyli, Central Luri, Bakhtiari, Laki and Southern Luri. This language is spoken mainly by the Feyli Lurs, Bakhtiari and Southern Lurs (Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad, Mamasani, Sepidan, Bandar Ganaveh,

title: Etchemin language

text: numerals in the list match those of Malecite-Passamaquoddy, Eastern Abenaki, as well as languages of southern New England such as Wampanoag, but as a set they do not match any other Algonquian language. The Etchemin language disappeared not long after Lescarbot's visit, and it is unknown what became of the tribe. All other language records called 'Etchemin', under more detailed analysis, appear to be the neighboring Malecite-Passamaquoddy language. Etchemin language Etchemin was a language of the Algonquian language family, spoken in early colonial times on the coast of Maine. The word Etchemin is thought to be either French alteration of

title: Romano-Greek language

text: Romano-Greek language Romano-Greek (also referred to as Hellenoromani; ) is a nearly extinct mixed language (referred to as Para-Romani in Romani linguistics), spoken by the Romani people in Greece that arose from language contact between Romani speaking people and the Greek language. The language is expected to be a secret language spoken in Thessaly and Central Greece Administrative Unit. Typologically the language is structured on Greek with heavy lexical borrowing from Romani. Related variants of this language are Dortika. Dortika is a secret language spoken mainly in Athens by traveling builders from Eurytania Prefecture. In both cases, the languages are

title: Romano-Greek language

text: most likely not native to their speakers. Romano-Greek language Romano-Greek (also referred to as Hellenoromani; ) is a nearly extinct mixed language (referred to as Para-Romani in Romani linguistics), spoken by the Romani people in Greece that arose from language contact between Romani speaking people and the Greek language. The language is expected to be a secret language spoken in Thessaly and Central Greece Administrative Unit. Typologically the language is structured on Greek with heavy lexical borrowing from Romani. Related variants of this language are Dortika. Dortika is a secret language spoken mainly in Athens by traveling builders from Eurytania

title: Italian language in the United States

text: Italian language in the United States The Italian language has been a widely spoken language in the United States of America for more than one hundred years, due to large-scale immigration beginning in the late 19th century. Today it is the eighth most spoken language in the country. The first Italian Americans began to immigrate en masse began around 1880. The first Italian immigrants, mainly from Sicily and other parts of Southern Italy, were largely men, and many planned to return to Italy after making money in the US, so the speaker population of Italian was not always constant or

title: Rennellese language

text: and spread the language. Rennellese language Rennell-Bellona, or Rennellese, is a Polynesian language spoken in the Rennell and Bellona Province of the Solomon Islands. A dictionary of the language has been published. Rennellese, also known as Rennell or Bellonese is only one of the many languages in the Pacific, that is spoken in the Central Solomon Islands; mainly the Rennell and Bellona Islands (Jonsson, 1999). For a great deal of time the Solomon Islands were occupied by the British, and pidgin English had become the main language spoken in the Rennell and Bellona Islands, until World War II. At that

title: Jemez language

text: Jemez language Jemez (also Towa) is a Tanoan language spoken by the Jemez Pueblo people in New Mexico. It has no common written form, as tribal rules do not allow the language to be transcribed; linguists describing the language use the Americanist phonetic notation. Its speakers are mainly farmers and craftsmen. The language is only spoken in Jemez Pueblo, New Mexico, but as 90% of the tribal Jemez members do speak it, it is not considered to be extremely endangered. It was also spoken at Pecos Pueblo until the 19th century, when the remaining members of that community moved to

title: Japanese: The Spoken Language

text: and among pedagogical researchers. Detractors of the textbook take issue with its usage of rōmaji, the complex grammatical explanations, the emphasis on memorization, and the relatively small number of vocabulary items (among other things). However, these same points are cited as strengths of the textbook by supporters. The approach is based on Jorden's decades of experience in teaching Japanese and pedagogical research, and was preceded by her 1960s textbook, "Beginning Japanese," which JSL supersedes. Beyond the focus on the spoken language alone, the text has a number of unusual features. The text is centered around a sequence of dialogs and

title: Celtic language decline in England

text: the extent of Latin-speaking in Roman Britain. It is presently agreed that British Latin was spoken as a native language in Roman Britain, and that at least some of the dramatic changes that the Brittonic languages underwent around the sixth century were due to Latin-speakers switching language to Celtic, possibly as Latin-speaking elites fled west from Anglo-Saxon settlers. It seems likely that Latin was the language of most of the townspeople, of administration and the ruling class, the military and, following the introduction of Christianity, the church. However, British Celtic probably remained the language of the peasantry, which was the

title: Narragansett language

text: in their source documentation as well as instructional materials. A Facebook page entitled "Speaking Our Narragansett Language" has provided alphabet and vocabulary of the language. **"Lesson Two in Narragansett Tongue." The Narragansett Dawn 1 (June 1935): 14-5. Narragansett language Narragansett is an Algonquian language formerly spoken in most of what is today Rhode Island by the Narragansett people. It was closely related to the other Algonquian languages of southern New England like Massachusett and Mohegan-Pequot. The earliest study of the language in English was by Roger Williams, founder of the Rhode Island colony, in his book "A Key Into the

title: Khasi language

text: mainly the phonology of Standard Khasi as spoken in and around the capital city, Shillong. Khasi, mainly spoken in Meghalaya, is surrounded by unrelated languages: Assamese to the north and east, Bengali to the south (both Indic languages), Garo (a Tibeto-Burman language) to the west, and a plethora of other Tibeto-Burman languages including Manipuri, Mizo and Bodo. Although over the course of time, language change has occurred, Khasi retains some distinctive features: Khasi is an Austroasiatic language and has its distinct features of a large number of consonant conjuncts, with prefixing and infixing. The order of elements in a Khasi

title: Gujarati language

text: of the total Indian population. It is the 26th most widely spoken language in the world by number of native speakers as of 2007. The Gujarati language is more than 700 years old and is spoken by more than 55 million people worldwide. Outside of Gujarat, Gujarati is spoken in many other parts of South Asia by Gujarati migrants, especially in Mumbai and Pakistan (mainly in Karachi). Gujarati is also widely spoken in many countries outside South Asia by the Gujarati diaspora. In North America, Gujarati is one of the fastest growing and most widely-spoken Indian languages in Canada and

title: Timucua language

text: Timucua language Timucua is a language isolate formerly spoken in northern and central Florida and southern Georgia by the Timucua people. Timucua was the primary language used in the area at the time of Spanish colonization in Florida. Linguistic and archaeological studies suggest that it may have been spoken from around 2000 BC. Differences among the nine or ten Timucua dialects were slight, and appeared to serve mostly to delineate tribal boundaries. Some linguists suggest that the Tawasa of what is now northern Alabama may have spoken Timucua, but this is disputed. Most of what is known of the language

title: Äynu language

text: Äynu language Äynu (also Aini, Ejnu, Abdal) is a Turkic cryptolect spoken in western China known in various spelling as Aini, Aynu, Ainu, Eyni or by the Uyghur Abdal (ئابدال), in Russian sources Эйну́, Айну, Абдал, by the Chinese as Ainu. Some linguists call it a mixed language, having a mostly Turkic grammar, essentially Yugur (close to Uyghur), but a mainly Iranian vocabulary. Other linguists argue that it does not meet the technical requirements of a mixed language. It is spoken by the Äynu, a nomadic people. The Äynu people call their language Äynú (ئەينۇ) . Äynu is spoken in

title: Rennellese language

text: Rennellese language Rennell-Bellona, or Rennellese, is a Polynesian language spoken in the Rennell and Bellona Province of the Solomon Islands. A dictionary of the language has been published. Rennellese, also known as Rennell or Bellonese is only one of the many languages in the Pacific, that is spoken in the Central Solomon Islands; mainly the Rennell and Bellona Islands (Jonsson, 1999). For a great deal of time the Solomon Islands were occupied by the British, and pidgin English had become the main language spoken in the Rennell and Bellona Islands, until World War II. At that time the Rennell and

title: Gujari language

text: Gujari language Gujari, also known as Gojri (ગુજરી, गुजरी, ) is a variety of Indo-Aryan spoken by the Gurjars and other tribes of India, Pakistan, and Afghanistan. The language is mainly spoken in Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Haryana, Uttarakhand, Rajasthan, Gujarat, Punjab, Delhi and other parts of India. The language is also spoken by Gujjars across Pakistan, including the Azad Kashmir and the Hazara region. In Pakistan organisations and institutions work for the development of Gujari, including a Gujari-language news channel. The government of Jammu and Kashmir has recognized Gujari by including it in the sixth schedule of the

title: Aghul language

text: to us. And lead us not into temptation; but deliver us from evil. Aghul language Aghul is a language spoken by the Aghuls in southern Dagestan, Russia and in Azerbaijan. It is spoken by about 29,300 people (2010 census). Aghul belongs to the Eastern Samur group of the Lezgic branch of the Northeast Caucasian language family. In 2002, Aghul was spoken by 28,300 people in Russia, mainly in Southern Dagestan, as well as 32 people in Azerbaijan. There are nine languages in the Lezgian language family, namely: Aghul, Tabasaran, Rutul, Lezgian, Tsakhur, Budukh, Kryts, Udi and Archi. Aghul has contrastive

title: Aghul language

text: Aghul language Aghul is a language spoken by the Aghuls in southern Dagestan, Russia and in Azerbaijan. It is spoken by about 29,300 people (2010 census). Aghul belongs to the Eastern Samur group of the Lezgic branch of the Northeast Caucasian language family. In 2002, Aghul was spoken by 28,300 people in Russia, mainly in Southern Dagestan, as well as 32 people in Azerbaijan. There are nine languages in the Lezgian language family, namely: Aghul, Tabasaran, Rutul, Lezgian, Tsakhur, Budukh, Kryts, Udi and Archi. Aghul has contrastive epiglottal consonants. Aghul makes, like many Northeast Caucasian languages, a distinction between tense

title: Faroese language

text: Faroese language Faroese (; , ) is a North Germanic language spoken as a first language by about 72,000 people, 51,000 of whom reside on the Faroe Islands and 21,000 in other areas, mainly Denmark. It is one of five languages descended from Old West Norse spoken in the Middle Ages, the others being Norwegian, Icelandic, and the extinct Norn and Greenlandic Norse. Faroese and Icelandic, its closest extant relative, are not mutually intelligible in speech, but the written languages resemble each other quite closely, largely owing to Faroese's etymological orthography. Around 900, the language spoken in the Faroes was

title: Swazi language

text: the variety of the language spoken is significantly influenced by isiZulu. Many Swazis (plural "emaSwati," singular "liSwati"), including those in the south who speak this variety, do not regard it as 'proper' Swazi. This is what may be referred to as the second dialect in the country. The sizeable number of Swazi speakers in South Africa (mainly in the Mpumalanga province, and in Soweto) are considered by Swaziland Swazi speakers to speak a non-standard form of the language. Unlike the variant in the south of Swaziland, the Mpumalanga variety appears to be less influenced by Zulu, and is thus considered

title: Narragansett language

text: Narragansett language Narragansett is an Algonquian language formerly spoken in most of what is today Rhode Island by the Narragansett people. It was closely related to the other Algonquian languages of southern New England like Massachusett and Mohegan-Pequot. The earliest study of the language in English was by Roger Williams, founder of the Rhode Island colony, in his book "A Key Into the Language of America" (1643). The word "Narragansett" means, literally, "(People) of the Small Point." The "point" may be located on the Salt Pond in Washington County. (Great Salt Pond Archeological District). Traditionally the tribe spoke the Narragansett

title: Maithili language

text: Maithili language Maithili (; "Maithilī") is an Indo-Aryan language native to the Indian subcontinent, mainly spoken in India and Nepal. In India, it is spoken in the states of Bihar and Jharkhand and is one of the 22 recognised Indian languages. In Nepal, it is spoken in the eastern Terai and is the second most prevalent language of Nepal. It is also one of the 122 recognized Nepalese languages. Tirhuta was formerly the primary script for written Maithili. Less commonly, it was also written in the local variant of Kaithi. Today it is written in the Devanagari script. In 2003,

title: Sonsorolese language

text: Sonsorolese language The Sonsorolese language is a Micronesian language spoken in Palau, originally on the islands composing the state of Sonsorol, and spreading through migration elsewhere in the country. It is very close to Tobian. Sonsorolese is mostly spoken in the Palau archipelago, particularly in Sonsorol, Pulo Anna, and the Merir Islands (ethnologue.com). The language is one of the two indigenous languages spoken in the area and is actually the most spoken in the area, especially in Palau (sonsorol.com). As the language being established in Palau, Palau has a little history of how it became what it is today. The

title: Italian language in Venezuela

text: Italian language in Venezuela The Italian language in Venezuela has been present since colonial times in the areas around Caracas, Maracay, Valencia, Maracaibo and the Andes mountains. The language is found in many idiomatic sentences and words of Venezuelan Spanish. There is around 200,000 Italian-speakers in the country, turning it in the second most spoken language in Venezuela, after Spanish. The name of Venezuela itself comes from the Italian Amerigo Vespucci, who called the area "Little Venice" in a typical Italian expression. Some Italians participated in the first European colonies in Venezuela, mainly on the island of Margarita and in

title: Italian language in Venezuela

text: Venezuela"..." Italian language in Venezuela The Italian language in Venezuela has been present since colonial times in the areas around Caracas, Maracay, Valencia, Maracaibo and the Andes mountains. The language is found in many idiomatic sentences and words of Venezuelan Spanish. There is around 200,000 Italian-speakers in the country, turning it in the second most spoken language in Venezuela, after Spanish. The name of Venezuela itself comes from the Italian Amerigo Vespucci, who called the area "Little Venice" in a typical Italian expression. Some Italians participated in the first European colonies in Venezuela, mainly on the island of Margarita and

title: Tetum language

text: Tetum language Tetum (Portuguese), Tetun (Lian Tetun), is an Austronesian language spoken on the island of Timor. It is spoken in Belu Regency in Indonesian West Timor, and across the border in East Timor, where it is one of the two official languages. In East Timor Tetun Dili, or Tetun Prasa, is widely spoken fluently as a second language; without previous contact, the Tetum dialects and Tetun Dili are not immediately mutually intelligible, mainly because of the large number of Portuguese origin words used in Tetun Dili. Besides some grammatical simplification, Tetun Dili has been greatly influenced by the vocabulary

title: French language in the United States

text: French language in the United States The French language is spoken as a minority language in the United States. Roughly 2.07 million Americans over the age of five reported speaking the language at home in a federal 2010 estimate, making French the fourth most-spoken language in the nation behind English, Spanish, and Chinese (when Cajun, Haitian Creole and all other forms of French are included, and when Cantonese, Mandarin and other varieties of Chinese are similarly combined). Several varieties of French evolved in what is now the United States: More recently, French has also been carried to various parts of

title: Kipsigis language

text: Kipsigis language Kipsigis (or Kipsikii, Kipsikiis) is part of the Kenyan Kalenjin dialect cluster, It is spoken mainly in the Kericho district of the Rift Valley Province in Kenya. The Kipsigis people are the most numerous tribe of the Kalenjin in Kenya, accounting for 60% of all Kalenjin speakers. Kipsigis is closely related to Nandi, Keiyo (Keyo, Elgeyo), South Tugen (Tuken), and Cherangany. The Kipsigis territory is bordered to the south and southeast by the Maasai. To the west, Gusii (a Bantu language) is spoken. To the north-east, other Kalenjin people are found, mainly the Nandi. East from the Kipsigis,

title: Mak language

text: Mak language The Mak language (; autonym: "’ai3 ma:k8") is a Kam–Sui language spoken in Libo County, Qiannan Prefecture, Guizhou, China. It is spoken mainly in the four townships of Yangfeng 羊/阳风乡 (including Dali 大利村 and Xinchang 新场村 dialects), Fangcun 方村, Jialiang 甲良, and Diwo 地莪 in Jialiang District 甲良, Libo County. Mak speakers can also be found in Dushan County. Mak is spoken alongside Ai-Cham and Bouyei. The Mak are officially classified as Bouyei by the Chinese government. Yang (2000) considers Ai-Cham and Mak to be different dialects of the same language. The Fangcun was first studied by Fang-Kuei

title: Muscogee language

text: Muscogee language The Muscogee language (Muskogee, Mvskoke in Muscogee), also known as Creek, is a Muskogean language spoken by Muscogee (Creek) and Seminole people, primarily in the U.S. states of Oklahoma and Florida. Along with Mikasuki, when spoken by the Seminole it is known as Seminole. Historically the language was spoken by various constituent groups of the Muscogee or "Maskoki" in what are now Alabama and Georgia. It is related to but not mutually intelligible with the other primary language of the Muscogee confederacy, Hitchiti/Miccosukee, spoken by the kindred Miccosukee (Mikasuki), as well as other Muskogean languages. The Muscogee first

title: Regional language

text: mainly in Fujian and in nearby Taiwan, but also in the Southeast Asian countries of Malaysia and Singapore. In some cases, a regional language may be closely related to the state's main language or official language. For example: In other cases, a regional language may be very different from the state's main language or official language. For example: An official language of a country may also be spoken as a regional language in a region of a neighbouring country. For example: Regional language A regional language is a language spoken in an area of a sovereign state, whether it be

title: Jeju language

text: Jeju language Jeju (Cheju) or (Jejueo) is a Koreanic language spoken in the Jeju Province of South Korea. It differs greatly from the Korean dialects of the mainland. Standard Korean is the most common form of communication in Korea, whereas the Jeju dialects are considered a very local language. The Jeju language is mainly understood and spoken by the older generation. As of October 2014, the Jeju National University Foreign Language Institute has made efforts to save the fading language. Currently, only a relatively small group, consisting of around, or even fewer than, ten thousand individuals actively speak the language.

title: Nyakyusa language

text: Kyangonde are spoken in the northern part of Karonga District, on the shore of Lake Malawi close to the border with Tanzania, while Nkhonde is spoken the centre of the district, including in the town of Karonga. According to the Language Mapping Survey for Northern Malawi carried out by the Centre for Language Studies of the University of Malawi, "Nyakyuska, though spoken by very few people, mainly at Iponga in Sub T/ A Mwakawoko’s area, is regarded as the parent language from which Kyangonde and Chinkhonde originated. Kyangonde, on the other hand, is regarded as the most prestigious and standard

title: German language in the United States

text: was spoken by millions of immigrants from Germany, Switzerland, and the Austro-Hungarian and Russian Empires, and their descendants. Many newspapers, churches and schools operated in German as did many businesses. The use of the language was strongly suppressed by social and legal means during World War I, and German declined as a result, limiting the widespread use of the language mainly to Amish and Old Order Mennonite communities. After the First World War, German lost its position as the second most widely spoken language in the United States. Around 1800, two German-language Methodist churches were founded, the "Vereinigten Brüder in

title: French language in the United States

text: a few elderly speakers able to use it. Similarly, Muskrat French is spoken in southeastern Michigan by descendants of "habitants", "voyageurs" and "coureurs des bois" who settled in the Pays d'en Haut. Métis French is spoken by some Métis people in North Dakota. New England French, essentially a local variety of Canadian French, is spoken in parts of the New England states. This area has a legacy of significant immigration from Canada, especially during the 19th and the early 20th centuries. Some Americans of French heritage who have lost the language are currently attempting to revive it. Acadian French is

title: Sinhalese language

text: to Dravidian influence are – "I know that it is new." "I do not know whether it is new." As a result of centuries of colonial rule, modern Sinhalese contains some Portuguese, Dutch and English loanwords. Macanese Patois or Macau Creole (known as "Patuá" to its speakers) is a creole language derived mainly from Malay, Sinhalese, Cantonese, and Portuguese, which was originally spoken by the Macanese people of the Portuguese colony of Macau. It is now spoken by a few families in Macau and in the Macanese diaspora. The language developed first mainly among the descendants of Portuguese settlers who

title: Surjapuri language

text: It's associated with Rangpuri (and its dialects Kamatapuri and Koch Rajbongsi) spoken in Bengal and Assam. Surjapuri language Surjapuri, a language possessing similarities with Kamatapuri, Assamese, Bengali and Maithili, is mainly spoken in the parts of Seemanchal subregion (Kishanganj, Katihar, Purnia, Araria districts) of Mithila region of Bihar. Apart from Bihar, it is also spoken in West Bengal (Uttar Dinajpur and Dakshin Dinajpur districts, and in Siliguri city of Darjeeling district – part of the North Bengal region within Jalpaiguri division), as well as in parts of eastern Nepal. It is one of the lesser known Bengali-Assamese languages spoken in

title: Tirahi language

text: Tirahi language Tirahi, also called Dardù, is a nearly extinct if not already extinct Dardic language of the Kohistani group spoken in the Nangarhar Province of Northeastern Afghanistan. It is spoken by older adults, who are likewise fluent in Southern Pashto. Spoken in the Nangarhar Province of Northeastern Afghanistan, there are about 100 native speakers today, if any. This is mainly due to the majority of the Tirahi people having assimilated into the dominant Pashtun culture of Afghanistan. In its place, Tirahi connects the Dardic languages spoken in Dardistan with languages which reach down to the mouth of the Indus

title: Awadhi language

text: surrounded by Sauraseni spoken on its west and Magadhi on its east. This led to emergence of a Prakrit partly taking character of Sauraseni and partly that of Magadhi giving rise to Ardhamagadhi Prakrit or 'Half-Magadhi. Awadhi descends from the same "Ardhamagadhi" Prakrit. Quite a few important literary works were composed in the language, namely: Awadhi is predominantly spoken in the Awadh region encompassing central Uttar Pradesh along with lower portion of Ganga-Yamuna doab. The districts include: It's spoken mainly in Province No. 5 where Awadhi is an official language alongside Nepali. A form of Awadhi is also spoken as

title: Tahitian language

text: Tahitian language Tahitian (autonym , part of , languages of French Polynesia) is a Polynesian language, spoken mainly on the Society Islands in French Polynesia. It belongs to the Eastern Polynesian group. As Tahitian had no written tradition before the arrival of the Western colonists, the spoken language was first transcribed by missionaries of the London Missionary Society in the early 19th century. Tahitian is the most prominent of the indigenous Polynesian languages spoken in French Polynesia ("reo mā’ohi"). The latter also include: When Europeans first arrived in Tahiti at the end of the 18th century, there was no writing

title: Literary language

text: differences between the two still exist until nowadays. When Italy was unified, in 1861, Italian existed mainly as a literary language. Different languages were spoken throughout the Italian Peninsula, many of which were Romance languages which had developed in every region, due to the political fragmentation of Italy. Now, it is the standard language of Italy. Until the late 1940s, the prominent literary language in Japan was the Classical Japanese language (文語 "Bungo"), which is based on the language spoken in Heian period (Late Old Japanese) and is different from the contemporary Japanese language in grammar and some vocabulary. It

title: Chrau language

text: of the Chrau people which is why the language is sometimes referred to as Jro. As the Vietnamese began to settle in the area, the Chrau language slowly transformed into Vietnamese, which is why Chrau became an endangered language. The Chrau language has become something that is exclusively spoken to with other people who know the language. In different situations, Vietnamese is what is typically being used in the markets and not much of the newer generation will not have known what Chrau is. Chrau is currently homogeneous because of the surround clans. Being spoken in the South Vietnam in

title: French language in Canada

text: with three of the five former colonies of New France, respectively Canada, Acadia, and Terre-Neuve (Newfoundland). In addition, there is a mixed language known as Michif which is based on Cree and French. It is spoken by Métis communities in Manitoba and Saskatchewan as well as adjacent areas of the United States. Finally, more recent immigration (post–World War II) has brought francophone immigrants from around the world, and with them other French dialects. "Quebec French" is spoken in Quebec. Closely related varieties are spoken by francophone communities in Ontario, Western Canada, Labrador and in the New England region of the

title: German language

text: German language German ( ) is a West Germanic language that is mainly spoken in Central Europe. It is the most widely spoken and official or co-official language in Germany, Austria, Switzerland, South Tyrol (Italy), the German-speaking Community of Belgium, and Liechtenstein. It is also one of the three official languages of Luxembourg and a co-official language in the Opole Voivodeship in Poland. The languages which are most similar to German are the other members of the West Germanic language branch: Afrikaans, Dutch, English, the Frisian languages, Low German/Low Saxon, Luxembourgish, and Yiddish. There are also strong similarities in vocabulary