query: who killed david ruffin?

title: Jimmy Ruffin

text: group Heaven 17, singing "A Foolish Thing To Do" and "My Sensitivity" on a 12" EP record. He took part in recording for Ian Levine's Motown revival label, Motorcity Records, in the late 1980s and early 1990s. He recorded duets with both Maxine Nightingale and Brenda Holloway. Later, Ruffin hosted a radio show in the UK for a time, and became an anti-drug advocate following the 1991 drug overdose death of his brother David. Ruffin was portrayed by Lamman Rucker in the 1998 mini-series "The Temptations". Following the 2010 release - on CD for the first time - of his

title: David Ruffin

text: Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1989 for his work with The Temptations. Fellow Motown recording artist Marvin Gaye once said admiringly of Ruffin that, "I heard [in his voice] a strength my own voice lacked". Ruffin was born Davis Eli Ruffin in the rural unincorporated community of Whynot, Mississippi, 15 miles from Meridian, Mississippi. He was the third born son of Elias "Eli" Ruffin, a Baptist minister, and Ophelia Ruffin. His siblings were Quincy B. Ruffin, Rita Mae Ruffin, and Jimmy L. Ruffin. Ruffin also had another sister, who died in infancy. David Ruffin's parents were both natives

title: David Ruffin (album)

text: the increasing lack of interest from Motown in Ruffin's career. The songs were arranged by David Van DePitte, with The Andantes singing backing vocals. All tracks composed by Bobby Miller; except where indicated Side One Side Two David Ruffin (album) David Ruffin is the self-titled album from singer David Ruffin. Coming out after Motown refused to put out his proposed third album in 1971 (released as "David" in 2004), Ruffin was likewise no longer afforded access to "A-list" material and support musicians. This album in many ways was a collaborative effort with Bobby Miller, who produced the album. Miller also

title: David Ruffin

text: as a cousin). Ruffin did sign to Anna Records as a solo artist, but his work in that time was unsuccessful. Ruffin eventually met an up-and-coming local group by the name of The Temptations. His older brother Jimmy went on a Motortown Revue tour with the Temptations, and he told David that they needed someone to sing tenor in their group. David shared his interest in joining the group with Otis Williams who lived very close to Ruffin in Detroit. In January 1964, Ruffin became a member of the Temptations after founding member Elbridge "Al" Bryant was fired from the

title: David Ruffin (album)

text: David Ruffin (album) David Ruffin is the self-titled album from singer David Ruffin. Coming out after Motown refused to put out his proposed third album in 1971 (released as "David" in 2004), Ruffin was likewise no longer afforded access to "A-list" material and support musicians. This album in many ways was a collaborative effort with Bobby Miller, who produced the album. Miller also had a hand in composing eight of its tracks. Although the album made it into the US R&B Top Five, it underperformed on the US pop charts, peaking at number 168. Those slipping figures were indicators of

title: David Ruffin

text: Quilt stating: "I never understood temptation. But I guess we both got a little David Ruffin in us". In the British documentary film "The Fear of 13", Common Man is sung. David Ruffin David Eli Ruffin (born Davis Eli Ruffin, January 18, 1941 – June 1, 1991) was an American soul singer and musician most famous for his work as one of the lead singers of The Temptations (1964–68) during the group's "Classic Five" period as it was later known. He was the lead voice on such famous songs as "My Girl" and "Ain't Too Proud to Beg". Known for

title: David Ruffin

text: also had one son with his long-term girlfriend, Genna Sapia, whom he met in 1964. Genna said that since she didn't know whether David was coming or going (because of the well-publicized affair with Motown colleague [and Marvin Gaye duet partner] Tammi Terrell), she named the baby David E. Sapia. Later, David changed his son's name to David Eli Ruffin, Jr. The three lived together for years, but she and David never married. In 1976—two years after he and Genna split for good—Ruffin married Joy Hamilton. After his death, Sapia would add "Ruffin" to her last name in tribute to

title: David (David Ruffin album)

text: written and produced by Rick James under the name Ricky Matthews while training as a producer at Motown. David (David Ruffin album) David is an album by former Temptations singer, David Ruffin, who died of a cocaine overdose in 1991. Although recorded during the late 1960s through the early 1970s, the album was not released until 2004, 13 years after Ruffin's death. The CD edition was out of print for several years, but was reissued by Hip-O Records in 2012; the 2012 edition is identical to the 2004 edition other than being packaged in a standard jewel case rather than

title: David (David Ruffin album)

text: David (David Ruffin album) David is an album by former Temptations singer, David Ruffin, who died of a cocaine overdose in 1991. Although recorded during the late 1960s through the early 1970s, the album was not released until 2004, 13 years after Ruffin's death. The CD edition was out of print for several years, but was reissued by Hip-O Records in 2012; the 2012 edition is identical to the 2004 edition other than being packaged in a standard jewel case rather than a digipak. The album is also available for download through iTunes. The track "Out In The Country" was

title: David Ruffin

text: David Ruffin David Eli Ruffin (born Davis Eli Ruffin, January 18, 1941 – June 1, 1991) was an American soul singer and musician most famous for his work as one of the lead singers of The Temptations (1964–68) during the group's "Classic Five" period as it was later known. He was the lead voice on such famous songs as "My Girl" and "Ain't Too Proud to Beg". Known for his unique raspy and anguished tenor vocals, Ruffin was ranked as one of the 100 Greatest Singers of All Time by "Rolling Stone" magazine in 2008. He was inducted into the

title: David Ruffin

text: like a foghorn on the "Queen Mary"", Stewart told "Rolling Stone" magazine in 2005. The cover-art of Ruffin's last album "Gentleman Ruffin" was the inspiration for the art of rapper Wiz Khalifa's mixtape "Kush and Orange Juice". David Ruffin was inducted into the inaugural class of the Official Rhythm & Blues Music Hall of Fame at Cleveland State University. In 1998, NBC aired "The Temptations", a four-hour television mini-series about the group's career, Ruffin was portrayed by Leon Robinson ( who is usually credited as simply "Leon" as his professional name). The actor won high praise for his performance, although

title: David Ruffin

text: eventually be signed to Tamla's Miracle Records label as an artist. Ruffin also worked alongside another ambitious singer, Marvin Gaye, as an apprentice at Anna Records, a Chess-distributed label run by Gordy's sister Gwen Gordy Fuqua and his songwriting partner Billy Davis. Asked about Ruffin in the "Detroit Free Press" in 1988, Gordy Fuqua said: "He was very much a gentleman, yes ma'am and no ma'am, but the thing that really impressed me about David was that he was one of the only artists I've seen who rehearsed like he was on stage". According to Ruffin, both he and Gaye

title: David Ruffin

text: Tears" stating:"Fought every temptation shit, I guess I’m David Ruffin huh"? The first song on Fall Out Boy's 2005 CD "From Under the Cork Tree" was to have been titled "My Name is David Ruffin...and These are The Temptations", but for legal reasons the name was changed to "Our Lawyer Made Us Change the Name of This Song So We Wouldn't Get Sued". Hotstylz used Ruffin's song and referred his name on their hip-hop single "Lookin' Boy". American rap rock group Gym Class Heroes references Ruffin in the 2008 song "Like Father, Like Son (Papa's Song)" from their album The

title: David Ruffin

text: Daryl Hall's objections to Ruffin's heavy drug use. After being inducted in 1989 into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame (along with the other Temptations) Ruffin, Kendrick and Dennis Edwards began touring and recording as "Ruffin/Kendrick/Edwards: Former Leads of The Temptations". On August 17, 2013, in Cleveland, Ohio, The Official R&B Music Hall of Fame inducted David Ruffin as a solo artist and member of The Temptations. His family was in attendance at the ceremony. Ruffin was married twice. His first marriage was to Sandra Barnes in 1961, with whom he had three daughters, Cheryl, Nedra and Kimberly. He

title: David Ruffin

text: the Temptations, just as Diana Ross was for her group, and began demanding that the group name be changed to "David Ruffin & the Temptations". This led to a number of disagreements between Ruffin and the group's "de facto" leader, Otis Williams. In addition to the group's problems with Ruffin's ego, he began inquiring into the Temptations' financial records, demanding an accounting of the group's money. This caused friction between Ruffin and Gordy. In June 1968, the Temptations agreed that Ruffin had finally crossed the line when he missed a June 22 Cleveland, Ohio, date with the Temptations in order

title: David Ruffin

text: the ruling against it was upheld on appeal. Ruffin is buried at Woodlawn Cemetery (Detroit, Michigan), in Section 3, Lot 243, Grave #3. Ruffin had many admirers among his fellow artists, especially for the emotive power he brought to every song he sang. "Nobody could sing like David Ruffin", said his close friend and colleague Martha Reeves (of Martha and the Vandellas fame). His contemporary, label-mate, and long-time acquaintance Marvin Gaye was particularly impressed with the virility of Ruffin's voice. Gaye said Ruffin's work "made me remember that when a lot of women listen to music, they want to feel

title: David Ruffin

text: and released under the name "Little David Bush", using the last name of his guardian. Ruffin would later recall how he initially recorded "a different kind of music", strongly influenced by the smoother pop and R&B of the time, when he first recorded in Detroit for Vega. In 1957, Ruffin met Berry Gordy Jr., then a songwriter with ambitions of running his own label. Ruffin lived with Gordy's father, a contractor, and helped "Pops" Gordy do construction work on the building that would become Hitsville USA, the headquarters for Gordy's Tamla Records (later Motown Records) label. Ruffin's brother Jimmy would

title: David Ruffin

text: of Mississippi. His father Eli worked as a truck driver at numerous lumber mills, and his mother Ophelia worked out of their home. Eli's parents had moved from Alabama to Mississippi, because of the harsh circumstances of living after the American Civil War. Prior to living in Alabama, David Ruffin's great grandparents, John Ruffin and Clara Ruffin, had moved from Bertie County, North Carolina. John Ruffin was a Civil War Veteran, fighting with the 14th United States Colored Heavy Artillery Regiment. Ruffin's father was strict and at times violently abusive. Ruffin's mother died ten months after his birth in 1941;

title: David Ruffin

text: their relationship, and for continuity with David Junior. Ruffin met Tammi Terrell after she joined the Motortown Revue. During the tour she opened for The Temptations and they embarked on a volatile romance. In 1966, David surprised her with a marriage proposal. However, Terrell was devastated once she discovered that he had a wife, three children and another girlfriend in Detroit. Ruffin's womanizing along with his drug abuse led to them having many public fights. Terrell ended their relationship in 1967 after Ruffin hit her in the head with his motorcycle helmet. After a successful month-long tour of England with

title: David Ruffin

text: to attend a performance by his new girlfriend, Barbara Gail Martin (Dean Martin's daughter). Ruffin was fired on June 27, and replaced with Dennis Edwards, a former member of The Contours, who had been a friend of Ruffin and the group as a whole beforehand. Though Ruffin himself personally encouraged Edwards to take his place, Ruffin began turning up unannounced at Temptations concerts during Edwards' first few dates with the group. When the group started to perform a Ruffin-era song such as "My Girl" or "Ain't Too Proud to Beg", Ruffin would suddenly walk on to the stage, take the

title: David Ruffin

text: ministry. At 15, Ruffin went to Hot Springs, Arkansas, with the jazz musician Phineas Newborn, Sr. There, they played at the Fifty Grand Ballroom and Casino. Billed as Little David Bush, Ruffin continued to sing at talent shows, worked with horses at a jockey club and eventually became a member of The Dixie Nightingales. He also sang with The Soul Stirrers briefly after the departure of Johnnie Taylor. It was in Ruffin's travels as a teenager that he met such later popular personalities as Elvis Presley, Little Richard, Frankie Lymon, Bobby Womack, The Staple Singers, Swan Silvertones and The Dixie

title: Chance Ruffin

text: Chance Ruffin Chance Kraig Ruffin (born September 8, 1988) is an American former professional baseball pitcher who played for the Seattle Mariners and Detroit Tigers of Major League Baseball. Ruffin was drafted by the Detroit Tigers in the first round of the 2010 Major League Baseball Draft out of the University of Texas at Austin. Ruffin was called up and made his Major League debut on July 25, 2011. On August 17, 2011, Ruffin was sent to the Mariners to complete an earlier trade for Doug Fister and David Pauley. Ruffin was designated for assignment on December 18, 2013, after

title: David Ruffin

text: signed with RCA Records, accompanied by former Temptations colleague Eddie Kendricks, who chose to rekindle their friendship when Kendricks himself started experiencing problems with the Temptations. In 1982, Ruffin and Eddie Kendricks re-joined the Temptations for the recording of their album "Reunion" and a tour to promote the album. The album included the R&B hit "Standing on the Top" with Rick James. The reunion tour was short lived, however, as Ruffin started to miss shows as a result of his cocaine addiction, leading the group to be fined thousands of dollars. Otis Williams fired Ruffin from the group for the

title: David Ruffin

text: Hummingbirds. After some of his singing idols such as Sam Cooke and Jackie Wilson had left gospel music and gone secular, Ruffin also turned in that direction. The 16-year-old Ruffin met and came under the guardianship of Eddie Bush and his wife Dorothy Helen, who took the teenager to Detroit, Michigan, where his brother Jimmy was pursuing a career in music while simultaneously working at the Ford Motor Company. After moving to Detroit with the Bushes, Ruffin recorded his first released record with the songs "You and I" (1958) b/w "Believe Me" (1958). These songs were recorded at Vega Records

title: Jimmy Ruffin

text: Jimmy Ruffin James Lee Ruffin (May 7, 1936 – November 17, 2014) was an American soul singer, and elder brother of David Ruffin of the Temptations. He had several hit records between the 1960s and 1980s, the most successful being the Top 10 hits "What Becomes of the Brokenhearted" and "Hold On (To My Love)". Jimmy Ruffin was born in 1936 in Collinsville, Mississippi, to Eli, a sharecropper, and Ophelia Ruffin. He was approaching his fifth birthday when his younger brother David was born. As children, the brothers began singing with a gospel group, the Dixie Nightingales. In 1961, Jimmy

title: David Ruffin

text: album, titled "David", was recorded in 1970–71, but was shelved by Motown and did not see commercial release until 2004. His next official release for Motown did not arrive until 1973 when "David Ruffin" was released. His final Top Ten hit was 1975's "Walk Away from Love", produced by Van McCoy, which reached number nine on the Pop Charts. It was also Ruffin's only entry into the UK Charts (as a solo artist), and was a hit there as well, making it into the Top Ten (peaking at #10) in early 1976. The single sold over one million copies, and

title: David Ruffin

text: group. Ruffin's first recording session with the group was January 9, 1964. Though both David and Jimmy were considered, David was given the edge, thanks to his performance skills. These were displayed when he joined the Temptations on stage during the label's New Year's Eve party in 1963. After joining the Temptations, the bespectacled Ruffin initially sang backgrounds while the role of lead singer mostly alternated between Eddie Kendricks and Paul Williams. He did sing a few lead parts, both on stage and in the studio, during his first year with the group, but his leads on these studio tracks

title: David Ruffin

text: and the Blue Notes' "I Miss You" (1973), featuring Eddie Kendricks (later Kendrick). In 1970 Ruffin recorded an album with his brother Jimmy, I Am My Brother's Keeper, for which they had minor hits with "When My Love Hand (Comes Tumbling Down)" and "Your Love Was Worth Waiting For". While his solo career initially showed promise, Ruffin went into decline, reportedly in part because of his cocaine addiction and the lack of support from Motown. After leaving Motown in 1977, Ruffin recorded for Warner Bros. Records, releasing the albums "So Soon We Change" (1979) and "Gentleman Ruffin" (1980). He later

title: Jimmy Ruffin

text: hospital. He died on November 17, 2014, in Las Vegas, aged 78. Ruffin is buried at Palm Memorial Park Northwest Cemetery, Las Vegas, Clark County, Nevada in the Garden of Eternal Life Section. His siblings are Davis (David) Eli, Rita Mae (Marie), Rosa, and Quincy B (all deceased). His children are Arlet, Philicia, Jimmie Ray (deceased), Jimmy Jr., Ophelia and Camilla. Jimmy Ruffin James Lee Ruffin (May 7, 1936 – November 17, 2014) was an American soul singer, and elder brother of David Ruffin of the Temptations. He had several hit records between the 1960s and 1980s, the most successful

title: David Ruffin

text: in the mini-series that his body remained unclaimed in a morgue for a week after his death. As a result, Ruffin's estate filed suit against NBC and other major players involved in the making of the series, claiming defamation. According to the plaintiffs in the case, Ruffin was actually taken to the hospital by a limousine and was escorted to the waiting area by his driver, who informed the attendants of his identity. The Ruffin children further stated that his body was claimed by one of them within a few days of his death. Ruffin's estate lost the lawsuit, and

title: David Ruffin

text: second and final time (along with Kendricks, whose voice was weakened due to heavy smoking) by Christmas 1982. Ruffin started touring with Kendricks (who dropped the "s" from his last name at this time) as a duo act in 1985. Ruffin was sentenced in 1982 to six months in a low-security prison in Terre Haute, Indiana, for failing to pay taxes during the mid-1970s. On May 19, 1986, he pleaded no contest to a charge of receiving and concealing stolen property worth less than $100 (a Colt .32-caliber handgun) and was fined $50 plus $100 in court costs. Charges of

title: David Ruffin

text: would not be released for over a year, as they were not considered good enough to showcase his vocals. However, Smokey Robinson, who produced and co-wrote most of the Temptations' material at this point, saw Ruffin during this period as a "sleeping giant" in the group with a unique voice that was "mellow" yet "gruff." Robinson thought that if he could write just the 'perfect song' for Ruffin's voice, then he could have a smash hit. The song was to be something that Ruffin could "belt out" yet something that was also "melodic and sweet". When Robinson achieved his goal,

title: David Ruffin

text: microphone from Edwards' hands, and steal the show, embarrassing the group but entertaining the fans. According to Edwards, the adulation and Ruffin's pleas convinced the other four Temptations to give Ruffin a second chance, but when he arrived late to what was to be his return show with the group in Gaithersburg, Maryland, The Temptations decided to keep Edwards and drop considerations of rehiring Ruffin. In October 1968, Ruffin filed suit against Motown Records, seeking a release from the label and an accounting of his money. Motown counter-sued to keep the singer from leaving the label and eventually the case

title: David Ruffin

text: their dances without having to crowd around one microphone while the lead singer would sing into a separate microphone. By 1967, however, difficulties with Ruffin became an issue for the group. He became addicted to cocaine and began missing rehearsals and performances. Refusing to travel with the other Temptations, Ruffin and his then girlfriend, Tammi Terrell, traveled in a custom limo (with the image of his trademark black rimmed glasses painted on the door). After the Supremes had their name changed to "Diana Ross & the Supremes" in early 1967, Ruffin felt that he should become the focal point of

title: David Ruffin

text: Ruffin's family was quite upset by the way the series portrayed him, and filed a lawsuit against the series' producers and Otis Williams, whose memoir had been the source material. The case was dismissed in favor of the defendants, with Williams later claiming that he had no real control over the presentation of the material. Grand Puba of Brand Nubian referenced the singer on the 1990 single "All for One", stating: "I hit a beat and swing a note as if my name was David Ruffin". Rapper Machine Gun Kelly also referenced the singer on his 2013 song "See My

title: David Ruffin

text: Kendricks and Edwards, David Ruffin died on June 1, 1991, in a Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, hospital of "an adverse reaction to drugs" – namely cocaine. Although the cause of death was ruled an accident, Ruffin's family and friends suspected foul play, claiming that a money belt containing the proceeds from the tour ($300,000) was missing from his body. He had just finished recording the single "Hurt the One You Love" for Motorcity Records. In "The Temptations" television mini-series, Ruffin's beaten body is depicted as being dumped in the street in front of a hospital where he dies. It was also stated

title: David Ruffin

text: would pack records for Anna Records. Ruffin created music as both the vocalist and drummer in the Voice Masters, a doo-wop style combo and eventually started recording at Anna Records, and recorded the song "I'm in Love" b/w "One of These Days" (1961), with the Voice Masters, a group which included future Motown producer, Lamont Dozier. Other group members included members of The Originals: Ty Hunter, CP Spencer, Hank Dixon and (Voice Masters and The Originals founder) Walter Gaines. (At one time, The Voice Masters also included another future Temptations member, Melvin Franklin, one of numerous people David would claim

title: David Ruffin

text: the power of a real man". Daryl Hall of Hall & Oates, one of Ruffin's biggest fans, said, "His voice had a certain glorious anguish that spoke to people on many emotional levels". Ruffin himself said, "I don't know what kind of voice I have, I really don't...it's just about the feeling I get for the song". The raspy-voiced Rod Stewart fell in love with Ruffin's voice after he heard "I Wish It Would Rain". "It jumped out of the speakers and ravished my soul", Stewart exclaimed. Stewart would later become friends with Ruffin. "His voice was so powerful –

title: David Ruffin

text: assault and battery and receiving stolen property worth more than $100 were dropped. A 1987 cocaine arrest landed him in jail for repeated parole violations. In 1985, longtime Temptations fans Hall & Oates teamed up with Ruffin and Kendrick to perform at the re-opening of the Apollo Theater in New York. Their performance was released as a successful live album and single. The four singers also sang a medley of Temptations hits at Live Aid on July 13, 1985. John Oates later wrote a minor hit single for Ruffin and Kendrick, but the two duos fell out, allegedly due to

title: David Ruffin

text: was settled. The settlement required Ruffin to remain with Motown to finish out his initial contract (Ruffin joined Motown as a solo artist and always had a separate contract from the other Temptations, which some felt caused a lot of the in-fighting within the group). Ruffin's first solo single was a song originally intended for the Temptations, "My Whole World Ended (The Moment You Left Me)". The single (from the album also entitled "My Whole World Ended") was released in 1969, and reached the US Pop and R&B Top Ten. This was followed by the album "Feelin' Good". A third

title: David Ruffin

text: (1967), "I Wish It Would Rain" (1967), and "I Could Never Love Another (After Loving You)" (1968). Ruffin also shared lead vocals on the 1967 hit single "You're My Everything" with Eddie Kendricks. The tall, 6'3", Ruffin's passionate and dramatic performances endeared him to the Temptations' audiences and fans. According to Otis Williams, Ruffin (playfully nicknamed "Ruff" by the group) was a natural comedian and a hard-working singer when he first joined the group. Ruffin's most notable non-vocal contribution to the Temptations was the masterminding of their trademark four-headed microphone stand. This enabled the other members to sing and do

title: David Ruffin

text: the song, "My Girl", was recorded in November 1964 and released a month later. It became the group's first number-one single in 1965. "My Girl" subsequently became the Temptations' signature song, and elevated Ruffin to the role of lead singer and frontman. The follow-ups to "My Girl" were also extremely successful singles, and included the Ruffin-led hits "It's Growing" (1965), "Since I Lost My Baby" (1965), "My Baby" (1965), "Ain't Too Proud to Beg" (1966), "Beauty Is Only Skin Deep" (1966), "(I Know) I'm Losing You" (1966), "All I Need" (1967), "(Loneliness Made Me Realize) It's You That I Need"

title: David Ruffin

text: and his father married Earline, a schoolteacher, in 1942. As a young child, Ruffin, along with his other siblings (older brothers Quincy and Jimmy, and sister Rita Mae), traveled with their father and their stepmother as a family gospel group, opening shows for Mahalia Jackson and The Five Blind Boys of Mississippi, among others. Ruffin sang in the choir at Mount Salem Methodist Church, talent shows and wherever else he could. In 1955, at the age of 14, he left home under the guardianship of a minister, Eddie Bush, and went to Memphis, Tennessee, with the purpose of pursuing the

title: Michael Ruffin

text: in October 2014. Michael Ruffin Michael David Ruffin (born ) is an American former professional basketball player. At 6'8" and 248 lbs, he played as a forward/center. After playing college basketball at the University of Tulsa, where he studied chemical engineering, Ruffin was drafted in the second round of the 1999 NBA Draft by the Chicago Bulls. He has played for the Bulls, the Philadelphia 76ers, the Utah Jazz, the Washington Wizards, the Milwaukee Bucks, and the Portland Trail Blazers. He averaged 1.7 points and 3.9 rebounds per game through his NBA career and is considered to be a defensive

title: Michael Ruffin

text: Michael Ruffin Michael David Ruffin (born ) is an American former professional basketball player. At 6'8" and 248 lbs, he played as a forward/center. After playing college basketball at the University of Tulsa, where he studied chemical engineering, Ruffin was drafted in the second round of the 1999 NBA Draft by the Chicago Bulls. He has played for the Bulls, the Philadelphia 76ers, the Utah Jazz, the Washington Wizards, the Milwaukee Bucks, and the Portland Trail Blazers. He averaged 1.7 points and 3.9 rebounds per game through his NBA career and is considered to be a defensive presence on the

title: Chance Ruffin

text: the signing of outfielder Franklin Gutierrez. He was not claimed on waivers, and was outrighted to AAA Tacoma. Following AAA Tacoma's game on July 4, 2014, Ruffin retired suddenly from baseball. His father Bruce Ruffin, played in the major leagues from 1987 to 1997. Chance Ruffin Chance Kraig Ruffin (born September 8, 1988) is an American former professional baseball pitcher who played for the Seattle Mariners and Detroit Tigers of Major League Baseball. Ruffin was drafted by the Detroit Tigers in the first round of the 2010 Major League Baseball Draft out of the University of Texas at Austin. Ruffin

title: Phil Ruffin

text: a net worth of US$2.7 billion. Ruffin was born in Potter County near Amarillo, Texas, the son of Blanche (née Cohlmia) and Roy J. Ruffin. He is of Lebanese descent (his family's surname was originally "Rufan"). He was raised in Wichita, Kansas where his father had a grocery store. He has four siblings: Elaine Ruffin Nemer, Roy Ruffin Jr., Pat Ruffin, and Pam Ruffin. In 1953, he graduated from Wichita North High School where he was a wrestling champion. “After he won the state championship,” states one profile, “his father, who never attended a match, asked him if he was

title: Paul Ruffin

text: Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) Day “Increasing Global Competitiveness Through STEM” at Alabama A&M University on April 3, 2009. Ruffin is married to Vetrea Slack Ruffin, who is a national gospel recording artist. Their two daughters, Lacretia Ruffin Conaway and Angelica Ruffin, both graduated from Alabama A&M University. Lacretia’s husband, Kellen Conaway, is also an Alabama A&M University graduate. Ruffin and his wife have three grandchildren (Jared, Victoria, and Kellen II). They presently reside in the Huntsville/Tennessee Valley area. Ruffin has served as the pastor of the Forge Temple Church of God in Christ in Birmingham, Alabama, since 2005. On 6

title: Who Killed Kennedy

text: of John F. Kennedy in 1963. Who Killed Kennedy Who Killed Kennedy is an original novel written by David Bishop and based on the long-running British science fiction television series "Doctor Who". Although published by Virgin Books, it is considered a standalone, and not therefore part of then-ongoing "Virgin New Adventures" or "Virgin Missing Adventures" series of original "Doctor Who" novels. The book's credited co-writer, fictional journalist James Stevens, investigates the events occurring in 1970s Britain and the connection between them, the anarchist terrorist Victor Magister (also known as "the Master"), the organisation known as UNIT, their scientific adviser known

title: Who Killed Kennedy

text: Who Killed Kennedy Who Killed Kennedy is an original novel written by David Bishop and based on the long-running British science fiction television series "Doctor Who". Although published by Virgin Books, it is considered a standalone, and not therefore part of then-ongoing "Virgin New Adventures" or "Virgin Missing Adventures" series of original "Doctor Who" novels. The book's credited co-writer, fictional journalist James Stevens, investigates the events occurring in 1970s Britain and the connection between them, the anarchist terrorist Victor Magister (also known as "the Master"), the organisation known as UNIT, their scientific adviser known as "the Doctor" and the assassination

title: Who Killed Pasolini?

text: Who Killed Pasolini? Pasolini, un delitto italiano ("Pasolini, an Italian Crime"), internationally released as Who Killed Pasolini?, is a 1995 Italian crime-drama film co-written and directed by Marco Tullio Giordana. It depicts the trial against Pino Pelosi, who was charged with the murder of artist and filmmaker Pier Paolo Pasolini. The film entered the competition at the 52nd Venice International Film Festival, in which Giordana won the President of the Italian Senate's Gold Medal. The film also won the David di Donatello for best editing. The film traces the last hours of the life of poet and film director Pier

title: Ruffin, North Carolina

text: in early 1864, the village of Ruffin experienced steady growth. Subsequently, Ruffin became an important center of trade for both Rockingham and Caswell counties. Yet substantial growth and commerce were to elude Ruffin. Instead the prosperity was to find a home in a smaller crossroads hamlet to the south by the name of Reidsville. Tradition relates that growth in Ruffin was doomed because the large local landowners wanted to remain just that. Consequently, a booming town could not develop. From 1887-1897 though, Ruffin was incorporated with its own mayor. The last mayor of Ruffin was Victor M. Holderby, who was

title: Edmund Ruffin

text: and his son reached his room, Ruffin had reloaded the rifle and fired a fatal shot. His body was returned to Marlbourne, his plantation in Hanover County, Virginia, for burial. He is often called the "father of soil science" in the United States, and his writings have been influential in soil conservation. The Edmund Ruffin Plantation, also known as Marlbourne, is designated as a National Historic Landmark. Edmund Ruffin Edmund Ruffin (January 5, 1794 – June 18, 1865) was a wealthy Virginia planter and slaveholder, who in the 1850s was a political activist with the so-called Fire-Eaters. He staunchly advocated

title: Phil Ruffin

text: is a longtime friend and business partner of Donald Trump, who was the best man at Ruffin's wedding in 2008. “Few know Trump as well, or in as many capacities, as Ruffin,” reported the Associated Press in March 2017. They met at Trump Tower “in the early 2000s” when Ruffin was considering adding a Trump hotel to his Treasure Island casino. That idea did not pan out, but some time later, in Las Vegas, “Ruffin took Trump to a Nordstrom parking lot to show him a parcel of undeveloped land.” Ruffin said, “This is where you ought to be,” and

title: Kurt von Ruffin

text: Girl" in 1933, von Ruffin was identified as a homosexual by another gay man who named him under torture, and imprisoned at Lichtenburg concentration camp, where many gay men were imprisoned, for two years. Von Ruffin says that SS guards touched prisoners and then beat those who got sexually aroused. He also recalls being forced to watch as some prisoners were beaten to death. After nine months in Lichtenburg, von Ruffin was released thanks to the intervention of prominent theatre director Heinz Hilpert, and his lawyers arranged for the destruction of his Gestapo file. Von Ruffin went on to star

title: Phil Ruffin

text: Chris Ruffin runs Wichita Hyatt which he owns; and his son Phil Ruffin Jr. runs Harper Trucks Inc. a hand truck manufacturer. On January 6, 2008 the then-72-year-old Ruffin married the then-26-year-old supermodel and Miss Ukraine 2004 title holder Oleksandra Nikolayenko. They have two children: Richard William Ruffin (born April 2010) and daughter Malena (born 2013). Ruffin funded “an organic food and learning initiative” at the Alexander Dawson School at Rainbow Mountain, which his two youngest children attend. Ruffin appeared on the 7th season of GSN's "High Stakes Poker". Phil Ruffin Phillip Gene "Phil" Ruffin (born March 14, 1935) is

title: James Ruffin (American football)

text: is the Shock's career sack leader. Ruffin's play in 2014 earned him the AFL's Defensive Lineman of the Year Award. On November 24, 2014, Ruffin was again assigned to the Shock. Ruffin was signed by the Tampa Bay Buccaneers on August 5, 2014. Ruffin was waived by the Buccaneers on August 21, 2014. Married November 4, 2017 to Amber Cardinal James Ruffin (American football) James Ruffin (born February 6, 1987) is an American football defensive end who is currently a free agent. He played college football at University of Northern Iowa. Ruffin was signed by the Tampa Bay Buccaneers as

title: James Ruffin (American football)

text: James Ruffin (American football) James Ruffin (born February 6, 1987) is an American football defensive end who is currently a free agent. He played college football at University of Northern Iowa. Ruffin was signed by the Tampa Bay Buccaneers as an undrafted free agent in 2010. He was released by the Buccaneers on September 4, 2010. Ruffin signed with the Cincinnati Bengals on October 17, 2010. He was released by the Bengals on September 3, 2011. Ruffin played with the Spokane Shock from 2012 to 2014. In 2014, Ruffin set the Spokane Shock record for sacks in a season, and

title: Thomas Ruffin

text: death in 1870, the Ruffin-Roulhac House at Hillsborough, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1971. In addition to his legal and political career, Ruffin was an innovative farmer, and was president of the state's Agricultural Society from 1854 to 1860. Ruffin was also a trustee of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill for some 24 years. The unincorporated community of Ruffin, in Rockingham Co., is named for Thomas Ruffin. Thomas Ruffin Thomas Ruffin (1787–1870) was an American jurist and Justice of the North Carolina Supreme Court from 1829 to 1852 and again from 1858

title: Bruce Ruffin (baseball)

text: the minor leagues to replace Steve Carlton in the Phillies' rotation after Carlton's release. His son Chance was later a pitcher for the Seattle Mariners. Bruce Ruffin (baseball) Bruce Wayne Ruffin (born October 4, 1963) is an American former professional baseball pitcher who played for the Philadelphia Phillies (1986–91), Milwaukee Brewers (1992) and Colorado Rockies (1993–97). Ruffin is a 1982 graduate of J. M. Hanks High School. Ruffin later attended the University of Texas where he was a member of the 1983 National Champional Squad. He was selected in the second round of the 1985 Major League Baseball draft. He

title: Bruce Ruffin (baseball)

text: Bruce Ruffin (baseball) Bruce Wayne Ruffin (born October 4, 1963) is an American former professional baseball pitcher who played for the Philadelphia Phillies (1986–91), Milwaukee Brewers (1992) and Colorado Rockies (1993–97). Ruffin is a 1982 graduate of J. M. Hanks High School. Ruffin later attended the University of Texas where he was a member of the 1983 National Champional Squad. He was selected in the second round of the 1985 Major League Baseball draft. He finished 7th in voting for the 1986 National League Rookie of the Year with a 9-4 record and a 2.46 ERA. He was promoted from

title: Xavier Ruffin

text: Xavier Ruffin Xavier Ruffin (born January 14, 1988) is an African American Director, writer, illustrator,motion graphics and title designer. He is currently President at Dopamine Productions. He is best known for writing, directing and producing the independent web series Mad Black Men. Xavier Ruffin was born on January 14, 1988 in Little Rock, Arkansas, the son of Gwli McHenry Ruffin and James Edward Ruffin. At the age of three, Ruffin's parents moved to Milwaukee, WI where he currently resides. Ruffin exhibited a passion for music and the arts at a very young age. In the third grade he was featured

title: Edmund Ruffin

text: the scene of the Beefsteak Raid during the Siege of Petersburg. When the war ended with Confederate defeat, Ruffin, who had already suffered the loss of his wife and eight of his children, was crushed. Increasingly despondent after the surrender of Robert E. Lee at Appomattox Court House in 1865, along with the other surrenders that were to follow, Ruffin decided to commit suicide. On June 18, 1865, while staying with his son and daughter-in-law at Redmoor in Amelia County, Ruffin went up to his study with a rifle and a forked stick. He was called away to greet visitors

title: Edmund Ruffin

text: notice taken on my late pamphlet [on slavery] than on anything I ever wrote before." In 1859, Ruffin traveled to attend the execution of John Brown at Charles Town, Virginia (now West Virginia), following the abolitionist's abortive slave revolt at Harper's Ferry earlier that year. To gain access to the event, Ruffin joined the Virginia Military Institute cadet corps and, donning a borrowed overcoat and carrying arms, the aging, white-haired secessionist marched into Charles Town with the young cadets who had been ordered up from Lexington. Ruffin purchased several of the pikes captured from Brown and his forces, which had

title: Edmund Ruffin

text: Edmund Ruffin Edmund Ruffin (January 5, 1794 – June 18, 1865) was a wealthy Virginia planter and slaveholder, who in the 1850s was a political activist with the so-called Fire-Eaters. He staunchly advocated states' rights and slavery, arguing for secession years before the American Civil War. Ruffin is often credited with "firing the first shot of the war" at the Battle of Fort Sumter in April 1861; he served as a Confederate soldier despite his advanced age. When the war ended in Southern defeat in 1865, he committed suicide rather than submit to "Yankee rule." Ruffin's chief legacy is his

title: Jonathan Ruffin

text: to the Milwaukee Mustangs. Jonathan Ruffin Jonathan Ruffin (born August 1, 1981) is an American football placekicker who played three seasons in the Arena Football League (AFL). He played high school football at Ridgewood Preparatory School and college football for the University of Cincinnati, and was recognized as an All-American and the nation's best college placekicker. He was signed by the Pittsburgh Steelers as an undrafted free agent in 2003, and he played professionally for the Berlin Thunder of NFL Europe and the New Orleans VooDoo of the AFL. Ruffin attended the University of Cincinnati, where he played for the

title: Jonathan Ruffin

text: Jonathan Ruffin Jonathan Ruffin (born August 1, 1981) is an American football placekicker who played three seasons in the Arena Football League (AFL). He played high school football at Ridgewood Preparatory School and college football for the University of Cincinnati, and was recognized as an All-American and the nation's best college placekicker. He was signed by the Pittsburgh Steelers as an undrafted free agent in 2003, and he played professionally for the Berlin Thunder of NFL Europe and the New Orleans VooDoo of the AFL. Ruffin attended the University of Cincinnati, where he played for the Cincinnati Bearcats football team

title: Who Killed Cock Robin? (1935 film)

text: is in his armpit. Jenny revives Robin and they kiss, to the excitement of the jury. Who Killed Cock Robin? was released on the Walt Disney Treasures DVD Silly Symphonies. Who Killed Cock Robin? (1935 film) Who Killed Cock Robin is a Silly Symphonies short released on June 26, 1935 by United Artists, produced by Walt Disney and directed by David Hand. It is based on the nursery rhyme "Who Killed Cock Robin?". An extract from the cartoon was featured the following year in Alfred Hitchcock's "Sabotage". While Cock Robin (caricatured after Bing Crosby) serenades the Mae West-esque Jenny Wren,

title: Who Killed Who?

text: Billy Bletcher, modeled on characters portrayed in film by Fred Kelsey) immediately begins to investigate. After investigating the premises and the staff, the officer gives a lengthy chase to the real killer, finding the mansion to be filled with many surreal pitfalls, strange characters—including a red skeleton, a parody of Red Skelton—and booby traps that slow and obstruct him. He eventually traps the killer and unmasks him, revealing him to be the opening-sequence host, who confesses "I dood it"—one of Skelton's catchphrases—before bursting into tears. Who Killed Who? Who Killed Who? is a 1943 Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer animated short directed by Tex

title: Who Killed Who?

text: Who Killed Who? Who Killed Who? is a 1943 Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer animated short directed by Tex Avery. The cartoon is a parody of whodunit stories and employs many clichés of the genre for humor. A live-action host (Robert Emmett O'Connor) opens with a disclaimer about the nature of the cartoon, namely, that the short is meant to "prove beyond the shadow of a doubt that crime does not pay." The story begins on a dark and stormy night as the victim (voiced by Kent Rogers doing an impression of Richard Haydn), presumably the master of the very large "Gruesome Gables" mansion,

title: Amber Ruffin

text: met when Ruffin was working in Amsterdam with Boom Chicago. Amber Ruffin Amber Mildred Ruffin (born 1978/1979) is an American comedian and writer. She has been a writer for "Late Night with Seth Meyers" since 2014. When she joined the show, she became the first black woman to write for a late-night network talk show in the United States. Ruffin was born in Omaha, Nebraska, where she attended Omaha Benson High School Magnet. Ruffin first began performing in 2001 in local theater productions in her hometown. She later moved to Chicago where she studied improv at the iO Theater. She

title: Phil Ruffin

text: Trump “instantly made a decision” to build there. Their wives are also good friends. Ruffin has described a Trump handshake as “better than any contract.” In June 2018, Trump gave the Ruffins a tour of Air Force One during a stop in Las Vegas. According to Trump, Ruffin accompanied him to Russia in 2013 during the former's ownership of the Miss Universe pageant . In 2015, Trump also mentioned Ruffin as a person that he would send as an envoy to China if elected president; Ruffin said later that the remark was a joke. Ruffin loaned Trump his personal 737

title: Who Killed Cock Robin? (1935 film)

text: Who Killed Cock Robin? (1935 film) Who Killed Cock Robin is a Silly Symphonies short released on June 26, 1935 by United Artists, produced by Walt Disney and directed by David Hand. It is based on the nursery rhyme "Who Killed Cock Robin?". An extract from the cartoon was featured the following year in Alfred Hitchcock's "Sabotage". While Cock Robin (caricatured after Bing Crosby) serenades the Mae West-esque Jenny Wren, an unseen assailant shoots an arrow into Cock Robin's heart and he falls to the ground, giving the other birds in the tree the impression he has been shot and

title: Kurt von Ruffin

text: Kurt von Ruffin Kurtis von Reidffin (1901 in Munich, Germany – 17 November 1996 in Berlin, Germany) was a German actor and opera singer who was imprisoned by the Nazis for the crime of homosexuality. Von Ruffin began his career as a singer. Starting in 1927 he sang with the operas of Magdeburg, Mainz, and Nuremberg. He made his film debut in 1931 in "" and "Walzerparadies", also starring in Harry Piel's "Bobby geht los" in the same year. For the latter film von Ruffin took boxing lessons from heavyweight champion Hans Breitensträter. After completing filming on "The Black Forest

title: Anderson Ruffin Abbott

text: Chairman from 1929 to 1930, and son of his long-time friend William Peyton Hubbard). He is buried in the Toronto Necropolis. Anderson Ruffin Abbott Anderson Ruffin Abbott (7 April 1837 – 29 December 1913) was the first Canadian-born Black Canadian to be a licensed as a family physician. His career included participation in the American Civil War. Significant roles included coroner of Kent County, Ontario and surgeon-in-chief. Anderson Abbott was born in Toronto to Wilson Ruffin and Ellen Toyer Abbott. The Abbotts were a prominent black family in Toronto, who had left Alabama – as free people of color –

title: Anderson Ruffin Abbott

text: Anderson Ruffin Abbott Anderson Ruffin Abbott (7 April 1837 – 29 December 1913) was the first Canadian-born Black Canadian to be a licensed as a family physician. His career included participation in the American Civil War. Significant roles included coroner of Kent County, Ontario and surgeon-in-chief. Anderson Abbott was born in Toronto to Wilson Ruffin and Ellen Toyer Abbott. The Abbotts were a prominent black family in Toronto, who had left Alabama – as free people of color – after their store had been ransacked. After first living a short time in New York, they settled in Upper Canada in

title: Robert Ruffin Barrow

text: a son, Robert Ruffin Jr., and a daughter, Volumnia Roberta. Barrow died in 1875. His daughter Roberta, who inherited his Residence Plantation in Terrebone Parish, built the Residence Plantation House, now listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Robert Ruffin Barrow Robert Ruffin Barrow (1798 - 1875) was an American sugar planter and slave owner from Louisiana. He owned a dozen plantations in Louisiana and Texas, and hundreds of slaves, in the Antebellum era. He financed the construction of submarines for the Confederate States Navy during the American Civil War. Barrow was born in 1798 in North Carolina. His

title: Thomas Ruffin Gray

text: the rebellion. In the 1960s, William Styron published a fictional and controversial account of the Nat Turner rebellion using the same title as Gray's pamphlet, "The Confessions of Nat Turner". Thomas Ruffin Gray Thomas Ruffin Gray (1800 – ?) was an attorney who represented several enslaved people during the trials in the wake of Nat Turner's slave rebellion. Thomas Ruffin Gray was born in 1800 in Southampton County, Virginia. He graduated from the College of William & Mary. Gray was a lawyer. Although he is commonly thought of as Nat Turner's lawyer, James Strange French is the person listed in

title: Thomas Ruffin Gray

text: Thomas Ruffin Gray Thomas Ruffin Gray (1800 – ?) was an attorney who represented several enslaved people during the trials in the wake of Nat Turner's slave rebellion. Thomas Ruffin Gray was born in 1800 in Southampton County, Virginia. He graduated from the College of William & Mary. Gray was a lawyer. Although he is commonly thought of as Nat Turner's lawyer, James Strange French is the person listed in official records as Turner's lawyer. Neither assertion is correct- William C. Parker was assigned by the court to represent Nat. Though educated in law at William and Mary early in

title: George Lewis Ruffin

text: was Ulises Heureaux who was also of mostly West African descent. He died in Boston, Massachusetts and is buried in Mount Auburn Cemetery. George Lewis Ruffin George Lewis Ruffin (16 December 1834 - 19 November 1886) was an American attorney and judge. In 1869 he was the first African American to graduate from Harvard Law School, and was elected as the first African American to serve on the Boston City Council. Ruffin was elected in 1870 to the Massachusetts Legislature. In 1883, he was appointed by the governor as a judge to the Municipal Court, Charlestown district in Boston, making

title: Ruffin Pleasant

text: Ruffin Pleasant Ruffin Golson Pleasant (June 2, 1871 – September 12, 1937) was the 36th Governor of Louisiana from 1916 to 1920, who is remembered for having mobilized his state for World War I. Prior to his governorship, Pleasant was the Louisiana attorney general from 1912 to 1916 and the city attorney of Shreveport from 1902 to 1908. Pleasant was born in the community of Shiloh in Union Parish in north Louisiana to Benjamin Franklin Pleasant and the former Martha Washington Duty. An earlier governor, William Wright Heard, who served from 1900 to 1904, was also born near Shiloh. His

title: Xavier Ruffin

text: later hired as an adjunct professor there teaching typography at the age of 25. He began his design career at Kohl's© where he helped create internet ads as well as layouts for Kohls.com. In 2013 Ruffin was contacted by a Dailymotion executive who saw his work on music video spoofs via YouTube and worked for the company as a preferred content creator. He then earned backing from Dailymotion to launch the web series Mad Black Men through the company's Motion Maker's Fund Grant. Ruffin got connected with Robert Townsend, who advised and helped pull the cast and crew. Xavier has

title: Bruce Ruffin

text: a legal consultant to other reggae artists. Ruffin is now the CEO of the BRM Music companies. Bruce Ruffin Bruce Ruffin (born, 17 February 1952, St Catherine, Jamaica) is a rocksteady and reggae artist. Ruffin got his start singing with Byron Lee and the Dragonaires briefly, before in 1967 joining the Techniques, one of the more successful rocksteady vocal groups of the late 1960s. There he sang alongside Pat Kelly, Winston Riley and Junior Menns. He was one of several talented singers to drift through the Techniques' ranks, but his stay with the group was highlighted by several rocksteady hits

title: Bruce Ruffin

text: Bruce Ruffin Bruce Ruffin (born, 17 February 1952, St Catherine, Jamaica) is a rocksteady and reggae artist. Ruffin got his start singing with Byron Lee and the Dragonaires briefly, before in 1967 joining the Techniques, one of the more successful rocksteady vocal groups of the late 1960s. There he sang alongside Pat Kelly, Winston Riley and Junior Menns. He was one of several talented singers to drift through the Techniques' ranks, but his stay with the group was highlighted by several rocksteady hits that he wrote, the most notable of which was "Love Is Not a Gamble". Restless, Ruffin left

title: Thomas Ruffin

text: Mississippi), which were settled by emigrating North Carolinians in large numbers, made Ruffin a celebrated figure at home. Public veneration of the "stern prophet," as Ruffin was called, preserved his Court from destruction by populist politicians. Together, Justice William Gaston and Ruffin, whom his colleagues elected Chief Justice in 1833 (by a coin toss, according to a popular but probably apocryphal account), dominated their less-talented brother judges, rendering treatise-like opinions that inspired one contemporary to exclaim: "No State of the Union . . . not even the United States, ever had a superior Bench; few ever had its equal." Ruffin

title: Thomas Ruffin

text: Thomas Ruffin Thomas Ruffin (1787–1870) was an American jurist and Justice of the North Carolina Supreme Court from 1829 to 1852 and again from 1858 to 1859. He was Chief Justice of that Court from 1833 to 1852. Thomas Ruffin was born on November 17, 1787 at the residence of his maternal grandfather Thomas Roane at Newington in King and Queen County, Virginia. Ruffin graduated from Princeton University and studied law in North Carolina under Archibald Murphey. He commenced the practice of law in Hillsborough, North Carolina, where he also farmed. He was elected to several terms in the North

title: Oxblood Ruffin

text: Oxblood Ruffin Oxblood Ruffin is a Canadian hacker. He is a member of the hacker group Cult of the Dead Cow (cDc), for which he serves as "Foreign Minister." He is also the founder and executive director of Hacktivismo, an offshoot of cDc. Ruffin is active in human rights causes and is a vocal proponent of hacktivism, a term which he has helped to define. He has participated in both technology and human rights conferences, both on his own and along with cDc. He also has written articles for "The Register" and ".net". Ruffin is also an infrequent contributor to

title: Edmund Ruffin

text: County, Virginia. He was born into Virginia's planter class aristocracy and inherited large tracts of land along the James River. Ruffin served as a private in the Virginia Militia during the War of 1812, but did not see battle. In 1813, he married Susan Hutchings Travis of Williamsburg; the couple moved to a farm Ruffin inherited from his grandfather, at Coggin's Point, along the James River in Prince George County. They had eleven children before Susan Ruffin died in 1846. In his twenties, Ruffin began experimenting with using marl to rejuvenate the soil on his land that had been worn

title: Amber Ruffin

text: Amber Ruffin Amber Mildred Ruffin (born 1978/1979) is an American comedian and writer. She has been a writer for "Late Night with Seth Meyers" since 2014. When she joined the show, she became the first black woman to write for a late-night network talk show in the United States. Ruffin was born in Omaha, Nebraska, where she attended Omaha Benson High School Magnet. Ruffin first began performing in 2001 in local theater productions in her hometown. She later moved to Chicago where she studied improv at the iO Theater. She moved to Amsterdam in 2008 to work as a writer

title: François Ruffin

text: François Ruffin François Ruffin (born 18 October 1975) is a French journalist, politician, and social activist. He is the founder and editor of the satirical quarterly "Fakir" and the director of the film "Merci patron!". He played an instrumental role in the formation of the Nuit debout movement in France. He is a member of the National Assembly of France since 2017, representing Somme. Ruffin was born in Calais on 18 October 1975, and grew up in Amiens. His father worked for the French vegetable processing company Bonduelle and his mother was a housewife. In 1999 Ruffin founded the newspaper,

title: Paul Ruffin

text: the Secretary of the Army, Mr. John M. McHugh, presented Ruffin with the 2010 Presidential Rank Awards of Meritorious Executive. Ruffin was presented two Civilian Service Medal of the U. S. Federal Government for sustained meritorious service: the Department of the Army Decoration for Exceptional Civilian Service Medal and the Department of the Army Commander's Award for Civilian Service. Ruffin received top awards from his Alma Maters. In May 2005, Ruffin was inducted into the Alabama A&M University Alumni Hall of Fame in Science for his lifetime technical contributions to the field of applied science. In July 2005, he was

title: Phil Ruffin

text: and he did it to try to help the country.” Ruffin told the Las Vegas Review-Journal in February 2018 that he was “thrilled to death” with Trump's tax cuts. Ruffin's reputation is one of shying away from press coverage and publicity, so many details of his life are not well-documented. Ruffin is currently married to his third wife. His first wife was Mary Louise Miller, they were married and divorced. Second wife, Lynne Ruffin; they later divorced and she remarried. He has three children with his second wife Lynne: Michelle Ruffin-Stein runs the Wichita Marriott which he owns; his son

title: Phil Ruffin

text: company owns Wichita Greyhound Park. On August 7, 2007, Ruffin announced that he would close the track, after a referendum to allow slot machines or casino gambling at the track failed. Ruffin Companies' web site states that the company owns 61 convenience stores leased to Total and operated by Diamond Shamrock over a three-state area. Ruffin's Hotel Group division owns and operates 13 hotels under the Marriott Hotels, Fairfield Inn and Courtyard by Marriott brands in Oklahoma, Kansas, California, Texas and Alabama. Ruffin owns various commercial real estate holdings in Kansas and in the Tulsa, Oklahoma area. Ruffin owns and

title: Phil Ruffin

text: Frontier. In 2005, Ruffin announced plans to demolish the New Frontier and replace it in 2005 with a new resort to be called The Montreaux, but the development never got off the ground. Ruffin sold the New Frontier to El Ad Properties in 2007. The $1.2 billion sale price for the property was the largest per-acre price in The Strip's history. MGM Mirage sold Treasure Island Hotel and Casino to Phil Ruffin. The negotiated price was $600 million in cash and $175 million in secured notes. Ruffin estimates that to build a casino like Treasure Island from the ground up

title: Josephine St. Pierre Ruffin

text: Colored People (NAACP). She was one of the charter members of NAACP. Along with other women who had belonged to the New Era Club, she co-founded the League of Women for Community Service, which still exists today. Ruffin married George Lewis Ruffin (1834–1886), who went on to become the first African-American male graduate from Harvard Law School, the first African American elected to the Boston City Council, and the first African-American municipal judge. Josephine and Ruffin were married in 1858 when she was 16 years old. The couple moved to Liverpool but returned to Boston soon afterwards and bought a

title: Jonathan Ruffin

text: Tiger-Cats of the Canadian Football League on June 28, 2006 before being released. Ruffin was signed by the New Orleans VooDoo on May 25, 2007. He made 39-of-41 extra point attempts in 2007, and was re-signed on August 15, 2007. After the 2008 season, the VooDoo franchise folded. The franchise was revived in time for the 2011 season, and Ruffin re-signed with the team on September 27, 2010, after not playing football for two years. Due to a contract conflict with a new job, Ruffin was placed on team suspension in July 2011. On September 27, 2010, Ruffin was assigned

title: Ruffin, North Carolina

text: Ruffin, North Carolina Ruffin is an unincorporated community located in Rockingham County, North Carolina. It is northeast of Reidsville, North Carolina, and southwest of Danville, Virginia, just off US 29 (future Interstate 785). It has a population of 2,116. Neighboring communities and municipalities include Reidsville, Eden, Pelham, Casville, and Wentworth. Ruffin had the first established volunteer fire department in Rockingham County. Residents produce tobacco, vegetables and strawberries. The area also had a gold mine. Churches in the community include Ruffin United Methodist Church and Ruffin-Stacey Baptist Church. With the completion of the vital Piedmont Rail road by the Confederate Government

title: Florida Ruffin Ridley

text: Florida Ruffin Ridley Florida Ruffin Ridley (January 29, 1861 – February 25, 1943) was an African-American civil rights activist, suffragist, teacher, writer, and editor from Boston, Massachusetts. She was one of the first black public schoolteachers in Boston, and edited the "Woman's Era", the country's first newspaper published by and for African-American women. Florida Ruffin Ridley was born on January 29, 1861, to a distinguished Boston family. Her father, George Lewis Ruffin, was the first African-American graduate of Harvard Law School and the first black judge in the United States. Her mother, Josephine St. Pierre Ruffin, was a noted African-American

title: George Lewis Ruffin

text: George Lewis Ruffin George Lewis Ruffin (16 December 1834 - 19 November 1886) was an American attorney and judge. In 1869 he was the first African American to graduate from Harvard Law School, and was elected as the first African American to serve on the Boston City Council. Ruffin was elected in 1870 to the Massachusetts Legislature. In 1883, he was appointed by the governor as a judge to the Municipal Court, Charlestown district in Boston, making him the first African American judge in the United States. Ruffin was born to George W. (1800-1863) and Nancy Lewis Ruffin (1816-1874) in

title: Who Killed Homer?

text: Who Killed Homer? "Who Killed Homer?: The Demise of Classical Education and the Recovery of Greek Wisdom," is a 1988 book by Classics scholars Victor Davis Hanson and John Heath. Reviewing "Who Killed Homer?" for Foreign Affairs, Francis Fukuyama described it as "ostensibly" focused on the decline of classical studies, but "really about the loss of a common, humanistic core in contemporary education and culture." "Who Killed Homer?," was a polemic book criticizing classics scholars including Nancy Sorkin Rabinowitz, Judith Hallett, and Amy Richlin, who, in the authors' opinion, misinterpreted and debased classical texts in the service of critical theory,