query: what is the official language in mexico?

title: Spanish language in the United States

text: Diaz. General: Spanish language in the United States The United States has forty-five million people aged five or older that speak Spanish at home, making Spanish the second most spoken language of the United States. Spanish is the most studied foreign language in United States, with about six million students. With over 50 million native speakers, heritage language speakers and second language speakers, the United States now has the second largest Spanish-speaking population in the world after Mexico, although it is not an official language of the country. About half of all American Spanish speakers also assessed themselves as speaking

title: Spanish language in the United States

text: Spanish language in the United States The United States has forty-five million people aged five or older that speak Spanish at home, making Spanish the second most spoken language of the United States. Spanish is the most studied foreign language in United States, with about six million students. With over 50 million native speakers, heritage language speakers and second language speakers, the United States now has the second largest Spanish-speaking population in the world after Mexico, although it is not an official language of the country. About half of all American Spanish speakers also assessed themselves as speaking English "very

title: Childbirth in Mexico

text: Childbirth in Mexico In its early history, Mexico was occupied by multiple indigenous tribes such as the Mayans and Aztecs. In the 16th century, Spain colonized Nueva Espana and took over the land from the indigenous people. Though it is now an independent nation, Mexico retains much of the cultural influence of Spain, including its official religion of Catholicism, the Spanish language, and the importance of machismo- the belief that men are superior to women. Mexico also retains much of the traditional beliefs of the indigenous people who first occupied the country. Besides Spanish, there are over one hundred different

title: Spanish language in the Philippines

text: languages, Chinese dialects, and later Japanese produced a series of pidgins, known as Bamboo Spanish, and the Spanish-based creole Chavacano. At one point these were the language of a substantial proportion of the Philippine population. Unsurprisingly, given that the Philippines was administrated for centuries from New Spain in present-day Mexico, Philippine Spanish is broadly similar to American Spanish, not only in vocabulary, but in pronunciation and grammar. Although the Philippines were not as culturally hispanized as Hispanic America, the Spanish language was the official language used by the civil and judicial administration, and was spoken by the majority of the

title: Spanish language in the Philippines

text: Spanish language in the Philippines Spanish was the official language of the Philippines from the beginning of Spanish rule in the late 16th century, through the conclusion of the Spanish–American War in 1898. It remained, along with English, as co-official language until 1987. It was at first removed in 1973 by a constitutional change, but after a few months it was re-designated an official language by presidential decree and remained official until 1987, with the present Constitution re-designating it instead as an "optional and voluntary language". Philippine Spanish () is a variant of standard Spanish, spoken in the Philippines by

title: Languages of Mexico

text: made no specific provisions for the official or legal status of the Spanish language. This law means that indigenous peoples can use their native language in communicating with government officials and request official documents in that language. The Mexican state supports the preservation and promotion of the use of the national languages through the activities of the National Institute of Indigenous Languages. Mexico has about six million citizens who speak indigenous languages. That is the second-largest group in the Americas after Peru. However, a relatively small percentage of Mexico's population speaks an indigenous language compared to other countries in the

title: Spanish language in the Philippines

text: a speech in the 1920s entitled "Message to My People" in English and in Spanish. Spanish remained an official language of government until a new constitution ratified on January 17, 1973 designated English and Pilipino, spelled in that draft of the constitution with a "P" instead of the more modern "F", as official languages. Shortly thereafter, Presidential Proclamation No. 155 dated March 15, 1973 ordered that the Spanish language should continue to be recognized as an official language so long as government documents in that language remained untranslated. A later constitution ratified in 1987 designated Filipino and English as official

title: The Herald Mexico

text: decision made by "The Miami Herald" and "El Universal". The Herald Mexico The Herald Mexico was a daily English language newspaper published in Mexico City, Mexico from 2004 to 2007. It was an international joint venture between "The Miami Herald" of Miami, Florida, United States, and "El Universal", a widely circulated Spanish language newspaper also published in Mexico City. It was distinct from "The Miami Herald International Edition", launched in 1946, and from "El Nuevo Herald" (originally "El Herald"), launched in 1976 as a Spanish-language supplement to "The Miami Herald" but later published separately. The paper ceased publication after the

title: The Herald Mexico

text: The Herald Mexico The Herald Mexico was a daily English language newspaper published in Mexico City, Mexico from 2004 to 2007. It was an international joint venture between "The Miami Herald" of Miami, Florida, United States, and "El Universal", a widely circulated Spanish language newspaper also published in Mexico City. It was distinct from "The Miami Herald International Edition", launched in 1946, and from "El Nuevo Herald" (originally "El Herald"), launched in 1976 as a Spanish-language supplement to "The Miami Herald" but later published separately. The paper ceased publication after the issue of May 31, 2007. This was a joint

title: Mexico

text: most notably in Spain, whereas in Mexico and most other Spanish–speaking countries, was the preferred spelling. In recent years, the Real Academia Española, which regulates the Spanish language, determined that both variants are acceptable in Spanish but that the normative recommended spelling is . The majority of publications in all Spanish-speaking countries now adhere to the new norm, even though the alternative variant is still occasionally used. In English, the 'x' in Mexico represents neither the original nor the current sound, but the consonant cluster . The official name of the country has changed as the form of government has

title: Official Journal of the Federation (Mexico)

text: Official Journal of the Federation (Mexico) The (DOF; translated variously as the Official Journal of the Federation or else as Official Gazette of the Federation), published daily by the government of Mexico, is the main official government publication in Mexico. It was founded in September 28, 1848. Current issues express legally the political, economic and social institutions in Mexico, while the history of those same institutions can be read in older issues. The Official Journal is similar to other main governmental journals (as the United States "Federal Register" or the "Canada Gazette"), but they differ from each other because they

title: Official language

text: to the government in their native languages. In countries that do not formally designate an official language, a "de facto" national language usually evolves. English is the most common official language, with recognized status in 51 countries. Arabic, French, and Spanish are also widely recognized. An official language that is also an indigenous language is called "endoglossic", one that is not indigenous is "exoglossic". An instance is Nigeria which has three endoglossic official languages. By this the country aims to protect the indigenous languages although at the same time recognising the English language as its lingua franca. Around 500 BC,

title: Official language

text: Official language An official language is a language given a special legal status in a particular country, state, or other jurisdiction. Typically a country's official language refers to the language used within government (judiciary, legislature, administration). Since "the means of expression of a people cannot be changed by any law", the term "official language" does not typically refer to the language used by a people or country, but by its government. About half the countries of the world have declared one or more official languages. The government of Italy officialised Italian only in 1999, and some nations (such as the

title: Official language

text: a hurricane, pandemic, or...another terrorist attack". Professor of politics Alan Patten argues that disengagement (officially ignoring the issue) works well in religious issues but that it is not possible with language issues because it must offer public services in some language. Even if it makes a conscious effort not to establish an official language, a "de facto" official language, or the "national language", will nevertheless emerge. Indeed, two-thirds of Americans believe that English is the United States' official language. Sometimes an official language definition can be motivated more by national identity than by linguistic concerns. When Yugoslavia dissolved in 1991,

title: Official language

text: both English and Hindi. The selection of an official language (or no official language) is often contentious. An alternative to having a single official language is "official multilingualism", where a government recognizes multiple official languages. Under this system, all government services are available in all official languages. Each citizen may choose their preferred language when conducting business. Most countries are multilingual and many are officially multilingual. Taiwan, Canada, Philippines, Belgium, Switzerland, and the European Union are examples of official multilingualism. This has been described as controversial and, in some other areas where it has been proposed, the idea has been

title: Official language

text: (according to Article 77 of the Satversme), the initiative, in fact, proposed discontinuing an existing state and establishing a new one that is no longer a nation-state wherein Latvians exercise their rights to self-determination, enjoying and maintaining their cultural uniqueness New Zealand has three official languages. English is the "de facto" and principle official language, accepted in all situations. The Māori language and New Zealand Sign Language both have limited "de jure" official status under the Māori Language Act 1987 and New Zealand Sign Language Act 2006 Urdu is the national language of Pakistan. Urdu and English both are official

title: Official language

text: differences and keep the country divided. The language used in Montenegro, traditionally considered a dialect of Serbian, became standardized as the Montenegrin language upon Montenegro's declaration (2006) of independence. Official language An official language is a language given a special legal status in a particular country, state, or other jurisdiction. Typically a country's official language refers to the language used within government (judiciary, legislature, administration). Since "the means of expression of a people cannot be changed by any law", the term "official language" does not typically refer to the language used by a people or country, but by its government.

title: In What Language?

text: In What Language? In What Language? is a studio album by American jazz pianist Vijay Iyer recorded with hip-hop artist Mike Ladd. The album was released on via Pi Recordings label. Joe Tangari of "Piitchfork" mentioned "What might make "In What Language?" truly important, though, is that it's focused intently on probing social issues in meaningful ways. We've all spent time lately lamenting the fact that modern music is so apolitical, and this is a good start for an antidote. If it takes a poet and a jazz pianist to expose some truth in an age where the American dream

title: In What Language?

text: eyes, our bodies, our hearts, our minds." In What Language? In What Language? is a studio album by American jazz pianist Vijay Iyer recorded with hip-hop artist Mike Ladd. The album was released on via Pi Recordings label. Joe Tangari of "Piitchfork" mentioned "What might make "In What Language?" truly important, though, is that it's focused intently on probing social issues in meaningful ways. We've all spent time lately lamenting the fact that modern music is so apolitical, and this is a good start for an antidote. If it takes a poet and a jazz pianist to expose some truth

title: Official language

text: languages of Taiwan. In 2012 debate over adopting Russian as a regional language in Ukraine caused "an all-out brawl in Parliament", protests, and the resignation of a lawmaker in attempt to block the bill. The de facto official language of the United Kingdom is English. In Wales, the Welsh language, spoken by approximately 20% of the population, has limited de jure official status.. English is the de facto national language of the United States. While there is no official language at the federal level, 32 of the 50 U.S. states and all six inhabited U.S. territories have designated English as

title: Spanish language in the United States

text: business. New Mexico is commonly thought to have Spanish as an official language alongside English because of its wide usage and legal promotion of Spanish in the state; however, the state has no official language. New Mexico's laws are promulgated bilingually in Spanish and English. Although English is the state government's paper working language, government business is often conducted in Spanish, particularly at the local level. Spanish has been spoken in the New Mexico-Colorado border and the contemporary U.S.–Mexico border since the 16th century. Because of its relative isolation from other Spanish-speaking areas over most of its 400-year existence, New

title: In What Language?

text: is being able to watch TV and play video games at the same time, so be it. We can only hope it inspires real discourse and real thought." Lyn Horton of All About Jazz noted "A concrete lesson seems to emanate from "In What Language?" and it is this: that no matter what language distinguishes the nature of the present global geo-political culture, the language spoken has a clear and consistent meaning borne in its content. The language transcends any dialect. And if we are determined enough, within our commonly shared humanity, we can speak the same language. In our

title: Official language

text: the country had four official languages—Serbo-Croatian, Slovene, Albanian and Macedonian. Serbo-Croatian was used as a "lingua franca" for mutual understanding and was also the language of the military. When Croatia declared independence (1991) it defined its official language as Croatian, and Serbia likewise defined its official language as Serbian. Bosnia-Herzegovina defined three official languages: Bosnian, Croatian, and Serbian. From the linguistic point of view, the different names refer to national varieties of the same language, which is known under the appellation of Serbo-Croatian. It is said by some that the Bosnian government chose to define three languages to reinforce ethnic

title: Official language

text: language with government agencies. German is the official language of Germany. However, its minority languages include Sorbian (Upper Sorbian and Lower Sorbian), Romani, Danish and North Frisian, which are officially recognised. Migrant languages like Turkish, Russian and Spanish are widespread, but are not officially recognised languages. Hong Kong has two official languages: English and Chinese. Hong Kong Cantonese is used in daily conversation and Traditional Chinese used to be the common Chinese writing system in Hong Kong. English is considered as second language of most of the Hong Kongers. Since 1997 handover, Hong Kong's written official spoken Chinese language are

title: Official language

text: third with 26 countries and Spanish is fourth with 19 countries, Portuguese is the official language of 9 countries and German is official in 6. Some countries—like Australia, United Kingdom and the United States—have no official language recognized as such at national level. On the other extreme, Bolivia officially recognizes 37 languages, the most by any country in the world. Second to Bolivia is India with 23 official languages. South Africa is the country with the most official languages, all at equal status to one another, in the world. As Bolivia gives primacy to Spanish and India gives primacy to

title: Official language

text: United States) have never declared official languages at the national level. Other nations have declared non-indigenous official languages. "The Philippines and parts of Africa live with a peculiar cultural paradox. Although the official languages [in Africa] may be French or English, these are not the languages most widely spoken by [the country's] residents." Worldwide, 178 countries have at least one official language, and 101 of these countries recognise more than one language. Many of the world's constitutions mention one or more official or national languages. Some countries use the official language designation to empower indigenous groups by giving them access

title: The Orissa Official Language Act, 1954

text: Official Language Act, 1954 is the Orissa Act 14 of 1954 which received the assent of Governor on 1 October 1954 and was published in the Orissa Gazette on 15 October 1954. This section has been inserted by the Amendment Act 1963 which states about Continuance of English language for use in Legislature: The Orissa Official Language Act, 1954 The Orissa Official Language Act, 1954 is an Act of Odisha Legislative Assembly that recognizes Oriya(Odia) "to be used for all or any of the official purposes of the State of Orissa." Article 345 of the Constitution of India empowers the

title: Official language

text: languages in Pakistan. Pakistan has more than 60 languages. 52 of them are types of Punjabi. Russian is the official language of the Russian Federation and in all federal subjects, however many minority languages have official status in the areas where they are indigenous. One type of federal subject in Russia, republics, are allowed to adopt additional official languages alongside Russian in their own constitutions. Republics are often based around particular native ethnic groups, and are often areas where ethnic Russians and native Russian-language speakers are a minority. South Africa has eleven official languages that are mostly indigenous. Due to

title: Official language

text: after unifying the country in 221 BC. Classical Chinese would remain the standard written language for the next 2000 years. Standardization of the spoken language received less political attention, and Mandarin developed on an "ad hoc" basis from the dialects of the various imperial capitals until being officially standardized in the early twentieth century. According to an undated chart by the American pro-English-only organization known as U.S. English, 178 countries have an official language at the national level. Among those, English is the most common with 67 nations giving it official status. French is second with 29 countries, Arabic is

title: Official language

text: official languages. The Northwest Territories has eleven official languages. All provinces, however, offer some necessary services in both English and French. Canadian advocates of a single official language say it promotes national identity. In Canada, debate has focused on whether the local majority language should be made the exclusive language of public business. In the Canadian province of Quebec, for example, laws restrict the use of the minority English in education, on signs, and in the workplace. According to the Finnish constitution, Finnish and Swedish are the official languages of the republic. Citizens have the right to communicate in either

title: Official language

text: Cantonese and Mandarin, with spoken Chinese language are simplified and traditional. China's official language is Mandarin and Simplified Chinese which is used as the standard writing system. As time goes by, signage in simplified characters has gained some popularity in a few areas. Some Hong Kong companies may have changed the characters of the signs whilst nearly all Hong Kong people continue to use traditional characters. The Constitution of India (part 17) designates the official language of the Government of India as English as well as Standard Hindi written in the Devanagari script. The Eighth Schedule of the Indian Constitution

title: Official status of Romanian language in Vojvodina

text: Official status of Romanian language in Vojvodina The Romanian language is one of six official languages in the Serbian province of Vojvodina. The official use of the Romanian language is determined in Vojvodina by the law, and established at the provincial level in the bodies of the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina, as well at local level in 8 municipalities. 29,512 citizens of Vojvodina dispersed within 42 settlements (forming majority in 19 settlements) declared Romanian language as their mother tongue at the 2002 census, accounting for 1.45% of the total population of Vojvodina and representing the fourth largest language spoken in

title: Official Language Act (Quebec)

text: is misleading in that it suggests that English is not also an official language in Quebec, which it is by virtue of Section 133 of the BNA Act and the federal Official Languages Act. ... No legislation in the National Assembly proclaiming French the sole official language in the province can affect these bilingual areas protected by the BNA Act. John Ciaccia and George Springate were suspended from the Liberal caucus for almost two months in 1974 for voting with the Opposition when the Robert Bourassa government passed Bill 22. Official Language Act (Quebec) The Official Language Act of 1974

title: The Orissa Official Language Act, 1954

text: The Orissa Official Language Act, 1954 The Orissa Official Language Act, 1954 is an Act of Odisha Legislative Assembly that recognizes Oriya(Odia) "to be used for all or any of the official purposes of the State of Orissa." Article 345 of the Constitution of India empowers the Legislature of the State to adopt 'any one or more of the languages in use in the State or Hindi as the language or languages to be used for all or any of the official purposes' of the concerned State. But it provides for the continued use of English for the 'purposes within

title: Spanish language in the United States

text: the United States has no de jure official language, English is the dominant language of business, education, government, religion, media, culture, civil society, and the public sphere. Virtually all state and federal government agencies and large corporations use English as their internal working language, especially at the management level. Some states, such as New Mexico, provide bilingual legislated notices and official documents, in Spanish and English, and other commonly used languages. English is the home language of most Americans, including a growing proportion of Hispanic Americans; between 2000 and 2015, the proportion of Hispanics who spoke Spanish at home decreased

title: Official language

text: main teaching language is Hebrew, English is taught as a second language, and most students learn a third language, usually Arabic but not necessarily. Other public schools have Arabic as their main teaching language, and they teach Hebrew as a second language and English as a third one. There are also bilingual schools which aim to teach in both Hebrew and Arabic equally. Some languages other than Hebrew and Arabic, such as English, Russian, Amharic, Yiddish and Ladino enjoy a somewhat special status, but are not considered to be official languages. For instance, at least 5% of the broadcasting time

text: respond primarily to their type of government and secondly to their legal system. In the Official Journal, the main rules and regulations of the three branches of the federal government are published. This journal is the head of the set of the governmental journals in Mexico (every state and the Federal District has an official gazette for its jurisdiction, and also some municipalities). The importance of reading the Official Journal on a daily basis responds to the mandate that all official government rules and regulations must be published in it, and so only through this publication their compliance can become

title: Hispanics and Latinos in New Mexico

text: obligation to provide for bilingual education and Spanish-speaking instructors in school districts where the majority of students are hispanophone. In 1995, the state adopted a State Bilingual Song, "New Mexico – Mi Lindo Nuevo México". New Mexico is commonly thought to have Spanish as an official language alongside English because of its wide usage and legal promotion of Spanish in the state; however, the state has no official language. New Mexico's laws are promulgated bilingually in Spanish and English. Although English is the state government's paper working language, government business is often conducted in Spanish, particularly at the local level.

title: Official Language Act (Quebec)

text: Official Language Act (Quebec) The Official Language Act of 1974 (French "Loi sur la langue officielle"), also known as Bill 22, was an act of the National Assembly of Quebec, commissioned by Premier Robert Bourassa, which made French the sole official language of Quebec, Canada. Provincial desire for the Official Language Act came after the repeal of Bill 63. It was ultimately supplanted by the Charter of the French Language (also known as Bill 101) in 1977, which imposed French as the only language for advertising and education (with many exceptions). The legislation was drafted in an attempt to follow

title: Official Language Act (Quebec)

text: the recommendations of the Commission of Inquiry on the Situation of the French Language and Linguistic Rights in Quebec. The act made French the official language in a number of areas: That English was an official language in Quebec as well, was declared on July 19, 1974, by McGill University law faculty's most expert counsellors, disputing Bill 22. The testifiers were Dean Frank R. Scott, John Peters Humphrey, chief planner of the United Nations' Declaration of Human Rights, Irwin Cotler and four additional legal teachers: Section 1, which provides that French is 'the official language of the province of Quebec,'

title: The Orissa Official Language Act, 1954

text: the state for which it was being used before the commencement of the Constitution', until the Legislature of the State otherwise provides by law. Orissa is the first state to be evolved on the basis of language. So The Orissa Official Language Act, 1954 was enacted in 1954. Despite the enactment, the implementation has not been done in a mass scale for which people of Odisha have voiced to ensure the use of Odia language in all official correspondence. The hunger strike by activist Gajanana Mishra was a prominent step in this direction was one such significant instance. The Orissa

title: Obesity in Mexico

text: In this game, the "nutrin," as the figure is called, needs help making decisions on what foods to eat, what sports to play, and when it should go to the doctor for a check-up. "Wrestling vs obesity" was a campaign to promote to wrestling (lucha libre) fans to have an active way of life taking advantage of one of the most popular sports of Mexico. This campaign spanned from August 5 to November 19 of 2012 in Mexico City, State of Mexico, Hidalgo, Puebla, Tamaulipas, San Luis Potosí, Guanajuato and Morelos. "El Elegio" (A Mexican wrestler) was the official image

title: Official language

text: of privately owned TV-channels must be translated into Russian (a similar privilege is granted to Arabic), warnings must be translated to several languages, signs are mostly trilingual (Hebrew, Arabic and English), and the government supports Yiddish and Ladino culture (alongside Hebrew culture and Arabic culture). The Constitution of Latvia (or Satversme) designated Latvian as the state language. In 2012 there was initiative to hold a referendum on constitutional amendments, elevating Russian as a state language. Kristīne Jarinovska in her analysis describes the proposal in the following way: It proposed several constitutional amendments for introducing Russian as Latvia's second official language—i.e.,

title: Spanish language in the Philippines

text: a minority today, though it was quite widespread up to the early 20th century. The variant is very similar to Mexican Spanish, because the Philippines was ruled from New Spain in present-day Mexico, for over three centuries. During that period, there was much Spanish and Mexican emigration to the Spanish East Indies. It was the language of the Philippine Revolution and the country's first official language, as proclaimed in the Malolos Constitution of the First Philippine Republic in 1899. It was the language of commerce, law, politics and the arts during the colonial period and well into the 20th century.

title: Official language

text: limited funding, however, the government rarely produces documents in most of the languages. Accusations of mismanagement and corruption have been leveled against the Pan South African Language Board, which is in charge of maintaining the system. Standard Chinese is the de facto official language of Taiwan. Note that Standard Chinese spoken in Taiwan is slightly different from that in Mainland China, and variant forms of the former are called Taiwanese Mandarin, locally known as 國語. The Hakka Basic Act and the Indigenous Languages Development Act have recognized the Formosan languages and Taiwanese Hakka (variant forms of Hakka Chinese) as national

title: Official language

text: lists 22 languages, which have been referred to as scheduled languages and given recognition, status and official encouragement. In addition, the Government of India has awarded the distinction of classical language to Tamil, Sanskrit, Kannada, Telugu, Malayalam and Odia. On 19 July 2018, the Knesset passed a basic law under the title , which defines Hebrew as "the State's language" and Arabic as a language with "a special status in the State" (article 4). The law further says that it should not be interpreted as compromising the status of the Arabic language in practice prior to the enactment of the

title: Official language

text: when Darius the Great annexed Mesopotamia to the Persian Empire, he chose a form of the Aramaic language (the so-called Official Aramaic or Imperial Aramaic) as the vehicle for written communication between the different regions of the vast empire with its different peoples and languages. Aramaic script was widely employed from Egypt in the southwest to Bactria and Sogdiana in the northeast. Texts were dictated in the native dialects and written down in Aramaic, and then read out again in the native language at the places they were received. The First Emperor of Qin standardized the written language of China

text: in the domains of culture, education, information, the official use of the languages and the alphabets as well as it watches the orderliness of the laws that stipulates this. The Secretariat also prepares materials that are published in the “Official Gazette of the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina”, in the Serbian language and in the languages of national minorities that are in official use in the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina. The Provincial Secretariat for Regulations, Administration and National Minorities also sends Romanian judicial interprets to the district courts in Novi Sad and Pančevo. At the local level, the Romanian language and

text: this province. After the granting of autonomy of Vojvodina, Romanian language became an official language of the province, together with the Latin script, as determined by the Statute of the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina, Article 6: Because of that, Romanian can be used on many occasions in Vojvodina at provincial as well as at local level. The "National Council of the Romanian National Minority in Serbia", an institution aiming to conduct the minority autonomy in the domains of culture, education, information and the official use of the Romanian language, represents all the Romanians in Serbia. Article 8 of the Constitution

title: German language in Namibia

text: (s.) Werft (w.) Winkel (m.) wundern (v.) wüst (adv.) zu (adv.) zünden (v.) German language in Namibia Namibia is a multilingual country wherein German is recognised as a national language (a form of minority language). While English is the sole official language of the country since 1990, in many areas of the country German enjoys official status at a community level. German is especially widely used in central and southern Namibia and was until 1990 one of three official languages in what was then South West Africa, alongside Afrikaans and English. German is the main or mother tongue of about

title: German language in Namibia

text: German language in Namibia Namibia is a multilingual country wherein German is recognised as a national language (a form of minority language). While English is the sole official language of the country since 1990, in many areas of the country German enjoys official status at a community level. German is especially widely used in central and southern Namibia and was until 1990 one of three official languages in what was then South West Africa, alongside Afrikaans and English. German is the main or mother tongue of about 30,000 Namibians, a number composed roughly equally of German Namibians as well as

title: Spanish language in the United States

text: English is the state's "de facto" official language (though it lacks "de jure" status) and is used in government. However, the continual influx of Spanish-speaking immigrants increased the import of Spanish in Texas. Although it is a part of the Southern United States, Texas's counties bordering Mexico are mostly Hispanic, and consequently, Spanish is commonly spoken in the region. The Government of Texas, through Section 2054.116 of the Government Code, mandates that state agencies provide information on their websites in Spanish to assist residents who have limited English proficiency. The Commonwealth of Puerto Rico recognizes Spanish and English as official

title: Official languages of the United Nations

text: just one official language, French. IFAD has four official languages: Arabic, English, French, and Spanish. The next largest international grouping after the UN is the Commonwealth of Nations which is exclusively English speaking. All other international bodies in commerce, transport and sport have tended to the adoption of one or a few languages as the means of communication. This is usually English, closely followed by French (see: list of international organisations which have French as an official language). Regional groups have adopted what is common to other elements of their ethnic or religious background. Standard Arabic is usually adopted across

title: Official language

text: one, or the only, official language, while courts have found that residents in the 50 states do not have a right to government services in their preferred language. Public debate in the last few decades has focused on whether Spanish should be recognized by the government, or whether all business should be done in English. California allows people to take their driving test in the following 32 languages: Amharic, Arabic, Armenian, Chinese, Croatian, English, French, German, Greek, Hebrew, Hindi, Hmong, Hungarian, Indonesian, Italian, Japanese, Khmer, Korean, Laotian, Persian, Polish, Portuguese, Punjabi, Romanian, Russian, Samoan, Spanish, Tagalog/Filipino, Thai, Tongan, Turkish, and

title: What Is History?

text: and were instead products of their own places and times, which in turn decided what "facts of the past" they determined into "facts of history". British historian Richard J. Evans said "What Is History?" caused a revolution in British historiography in the 1960s. Australian historian Keith Windschuttle, a critic of Carr, said "What Is History?" is one of the most influential books written about historiography, and that very few historians working in the English language since the 1960s had not read it. What Is History? What Is History? is a study that was written by the English historian E. H.

title: This Is What You Want... This Is What You Get

text: This Is What You Want... This Is What You Get This Is What You Want... This Is What You Get is a 1984 album by Public Image Ltd. It is the band's fourth official studio album and includes the single "Bad Life" and a re-recorded version of a "This Is Not a Love Song", which had been a No. 5 UK and international hit when released as a single in 1983. An early version of the album was released in 1983 by founding PiL guitarist Keith Levene as "Commercial Zone". The album was then re-recorded after Levene's departure from the

text: in the film. The album was seen as a step down from the band's efforts. Pitchfork Media named the album "maligned but salvageable". Allmusic said the album as "the most tentative and least powerful of PiL's recordings." This Is What You Want... This Is What You Get This Is What You Want... This Is What You Get is a 1984 album by Public Image Ltd. It is the band's fourth official studio album and includes the single "Bad Life" and a re-recorded version of a "This Is Not a Love Song", which had been a No. 5 UK and international

title: What Is the What

text: That Happens Will Happen Today". Tom Tykwer plans to adapt the novel into a film. In 2009, the novel received the Prix Médicis étranger in France. What Is the What What Is the What: The Autobiography of Valentino Achak Deng is a 2006 novel written by Dave Eggers. It is based on the life of Valentino Achak Deng, a Sudanese child refugee who immigrated to the United States under the Lost Boys of Sudan program. It was a finalist for the National Book Award. As a boy, Achak is separated from his family during the Second Sudanese Civil War when

title: Languages of Mexico

text: Americas, such as Guatemala (42.8%), Peru (35%), and even Ecuador (9.4%), Panama (8.3%), Paraguay and Bolivia. The only single indigenous language spoken by more than a million people in Mexico is the Nahuatl language; the other Native American language with a large population of native speakers include Yucatec Maya. According to the Law of Linguistic Rights, Mexico recognizes sixty-two indigenous languages as co-official National languages with Spanish being the dominant language, Mexico has become a site for endangered languages. "Indigenous people’s disadvantaged socioeconomic status and the pressure of assimilation into mestizo or Ladino society have been influential on indigenous language

title: What Is the What

text: What Is the What What Is the What: The Autobiography of Valentino Achak Deng is a 2006 novel written by Dave Eggers. It is based on the life of Valentino Achak Deng, a Sudanese child refugee who immigrated to the United States under the Lost Boys of Sudan program. It was a finalist for the National Book Award. As a boy, Achak is separated from his family during the Second Sudanese Civil War when the Arab militia, referred to as "murahaleen" (which is Arabic for the deported), wipes out his Dinka village, Marial Bai. During the assault, he loses sight

title: The Chinese in Mexico

text: that "their transnational focus might make challenging reading for those lacking training in Asian, Asian American, Latin American, or world history." The Chinese in Mexico The Chinese in Mexico, 1882–1940 is a 2010 book by Robert Chao Romero, published by the University of Arizona Press, about the history of Chinese immigration to Mexico. This is the first English-language monograph written about Chinese immigration to Mexico. Anju Reejhsinghani of University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point described it as "a social history of the small but influential Chinese merchant and laboring community in northern Mexico in the first half of the twentieth century." Erika

title: The Chinese in Mexico

text: The Chinese in Mexico The Chinese in Mexico, 1882–1940 is a 2010 book by Robert Chao Romero, published by the University of Arizona Press, about the history of Chinese immigration to Mexico. This is the first English-language monograph written about Chinese immigration to Mexico. Anju Reejhsinghani of University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point described it as "a social history of the small but influential Chinese merchant and laboring community in northern Mexico in the first half of the twentieth century." Erika Lee of the University of Minnesota stated that because much of the existing literature on Asian immigration to North and South

title: Languages of Mexico

text: Mexico uses Spanish for most official purposes, but in terms of legislation, its status is not that of an official primary language. The Law of Linguistic Rights establishes Spanish as one of the country's national languages, along with 63 distinct indigenous languages (from seven large families, and four considered language isolates). The law, promulgated in 2003, requires the state to offer all of its services to its indigenous citizens in their mother tongues, but in practice this is not yet the case. Note that, as defined by mutual intelligibility, the number of spoken languages in Mexico is much greater than

title: What Is Literature?

text: The art of writing is deeply linked to freedom and thus ventures into the fields of politics and democracy. The poet frees himself by disassociation, and the prose writer fulfills a duty to utilize language for the end of a conceived free society. What Is Literature? What Is Literature? (), also published as "Literature and Existentialism",) is an essay by French philosopher and novelist Jean-Paul Sartre, published by Gallimard in 1948. Initially published in freestanding essays across French literary journals "Les Temps modernes", "Situations I" and "Situations II", essays "What is Writing?" and "Why Write?" were translated into English and

title: What Is Love

text: in "Just Dance 2017". In 2009, German DJ Klaas remixed the song under the title "Klaas meets Haddaway – What Is Love 2K9". This remix charted in several European countries. In 2016, Belgian DJ Lost Frequencies released a cover titled "What Is Love 2016", as a single from his debut album "Less Is More". It was actually already produced back in 2014 as a remix for Jaymes Young's cover version of "What is Love". This version was remade for the album and became a hit on a number of European singles charts and topped the Belgian Ultratop Official Singles Chart.

title: What What (In the Butt)

text: show "Lily Allen and Friends" for an interview and performed a live version of "What What (In the Butt)" with choreographed dancers. The video was also featured in episode #53 of ADD-TV in Manhattan. "What What (In the Butt)" was an official selection at the Milwaukee International Film Festival and the Mix Brasil Film Festival. In June 2010 Samwell appeared on an episode of Comedy Central's "Tosh.0", television show about viral videos. The segment told the story of how the "What What" video was created, followed by an acoustic duet version of the song by Samwell and Josh Homme, lead

title: What Is Love

text: An official music video was released directed by Soulvizion. It features the Dutch professional basketball player Don Rigters who plays the role of David Rose, a basketball player who is severely injured trying to make a comeback to the game with encouragement from his girlfriend, (played by Melissa Kanza), his three teammates, (Alkenah Wansing, Jeroen Jansen and Lindy Chippendel) and by his basketball coach (played by J E Rigters). What Is Love "What Is Love" is a song recorded by Trinidadian-German Eurodance artist Haddaway for his debut album, "The Album". The song is recognizable by its refrain "What is love?

title: Official bilingualism in Canada

text: seeks to alter federal language policy, as it applies within Quebec, so as to eliminate the statutory equality of English that is guaranteed under the "Official Languages Act" and other federal legislation. In recent years, this has included introducing a private member's bill titled "An Act to amend the Official Languages Act (Charter of the French Language)" (better known as Bill C-482), intended to supersede the "Official Languages Act" with the "Charter of the French Language" for all federally regulated corporations within Quebec. Official bilingualism in Canada The official languages of Canada are English and French, which "have equality of

title: Official bilingualism in Canada

text: in both English and French and some publicly funded education in both official languages up to the high school level (English language postsecondary education institutions are also present in Quebec, as are French language postsecondary institutions in other provinces, in particular in Manitoba, Ontario and New Brunswick). English and French are official languages in all three territories. In addition, Inuktitut is also an official language in Nunavut, and nine aboriginal languages have official status in the Northwest Territories. Linguistic diversity existed in northern North America long before the arrival of the French and the English. Due to the widespread trade

title: Mazahua language

text: Mazahua language The Mazahua language is an indigenous language of Mexico, spoken in the country's central states by the ethnic group that is widely known as the Mazahua but calls itself the Hñatho. It is a Mesoamerican language and has many of the traits of the Mesoamerican Linguistic Area. In 2003, along with some 62 other indigenous languages, it was recognised by a statutory law of Mexico (General Law of Linguistic Rights of the Indigenous Peoples) as an official language in the Federal District and the other administrative divisions in which it is spoken, and on an equal footing with

title: Official bilingualism in Canada

text: for legal purposes only the English-language version is official and any French translations are unofficial. In particular, the "Constitution Act, 1867" (which created Canada as a legal entity and still contains the most important provisions of governmental powers) has no official French-language version, because it was enacted by the United Kingdom Parliament, which functions in the English language exclusively. Similarly, all other parts of the Constitution that were enacted by the United Kingdom (with the important exception of the "Canada Act 1982") have no official French-language version. Sections 55–57 of the "Constitution Act, 1982" set out a framework for changing

title: Languages with official status in India

text: states other than Tamil Nadu, by the Official Languages Rules. Communication between states who use Hindi as their official language is required to be in Hindi, whereas communication between a state whose official language is Hindi and one whose is not, is required to be in English, or, in Hindi with an accompanying English translation (unless the receiving state agrees to dispense with the translation). Communication between the union and states which use Hindi as their official language (classified by the Official Language Rules as "the states in Region A"), and with persons who live in those states, is generally

title: Official bilingualism in Canada

text: in some areas. Public primary and secondary education is provided in both French and English, and parents are free to choose instruction in either language. Post-secondary Francophone education is provided by the Université de Saint-Boniface, the oldest university in Western Canada. French has been the only official language in Quebec since 1974, when the Liberal government of Robert Bourassa enacted "The Official Language Act" (better-known as "Bill 22"). However, the province's language law does provide for limited services in English. As well, the province is obliged, under Section 133 of the Constitution Act, 1867, to allow the provincial legislature to

title: Official language

text: basic law, namely, it preserves the status quo and changes the status of Hebrew and Arabic only nominally. Before the enactment of the aforementioned basic law, the status of official language in Israel was determined by the 82nd paragraph of the "Palestine Order in Council" issued on 14 August 1922, for the British Mandate of Palestine, as amended in 1939: This law, like most other laws of the British Mandate, was adopted in the State of Israel, subject to certain amendments published by the provisional legislative branch on 19 May 1948. The amendment states that: In most public schools, the

title: Language Management

text: become official language in certain meetings, teleconferences, or video conferences. This poses obvious questions of language management. How are workers educated in a new language for work in the case that English is not an official language of the country where they find themselves assigned? What is the pertinence of imposing a foreign language on workers in a company, in the measure of usage of this language as part of their competence and effect on their productivity. What is the economic equation to resolve between, on one had, the benefits (which may be more important) teased away for the internationalization

title: Answering the Question: What is Enlightenment?

text: Answering the Question: What is Enlightenment? "Answering the Question: What Is Enlightenment?" () is a 1784 essay by the philosopher Immanuel Kant. In the December 1784 publication of the "Berlinische Monatsschrift" ("Berlin Monthly"), edited by Friedrich Gedike and Johann Erich Biester, Kant replied to the question posed a year earlier by the Reverend Johann Friedrich Zöllner, who was also an official in the Prussian government. Zöllner's question was addressed to a broad intellectual public community, in reply to Biester's essay entitled: "Proposal, not to engage the clergy any longer when marriages are conducted" (April 1783) and a number of leading

title: History of the Jews in Mexico

text: la Católica and Madero. The Jewish owner of El Salon Rojo, one of the capital’s first movie houses, help to develop the country’s first Jewish cemetery. During the very late 19th century into the 20th, Sephardic and Middle Eastern Jews also began arriving from what is now Syria and the crumbling Ottoman Empire, forming the Maguén David and Monte Sinaí communities. These with those still coming from Eastern Europe were poorer usually shoemakers, furriers, peddlers and tailors, which first lived in cities such as Puebla, Veracruz and Chiapas before migrating to Mexico City. For the Sephardic Jews similar language and

text: title ("Qu'est-ce que les Lumières?"). Foucault's essay reflected on the contemporary status of the project of enlightenment, inverting much of Kant's reasoning but concluding that enlightenment "still entails work on our limits." Answering the Question: What is Enlightenment? "Answering the Question: What Is Enlightenment?" () is a 1784 essay by the philosopher Immanuel Kant. In the December 1784 publication of the "Berlinische Monatsschrift" ("Berlin Monthly"), edited by Friedrich Gedike and Johann Erich Biester, Kant replied to the question posed a year earlier by the Reverend Johann Friedrich Zöllner, who was also an official in the Prussian government. Zöllner's question was

text: Romania, Jetix, UTV, DDTV, OTV, Discovery Civilisation, Discovery Science, Discovery Travel & Living, Animal Planet, Animax, Zone Reality, National Geographic Channel, Eurosport, Viasat History and Viasat Explorer in the basis package, as well as Pro TV Internaţional, Antena 3, Realitatea TV, TVS Oradea, TVS Craiova, Etno TV, Favorit TV, Taraf TV in a special Romanian package. Victoria, a 24-hour Romanian-language radio station, was launched in 2006. It broadcasts on 96.1 FM informative, musical and cultural formats, being the sole minority Romanian-language radio in Serbia broadcasting 24/7. The radio station can also be listened through the Internet. Official status of Romanian

title: What Is Art?

text: to justify their own tastes. Jahn notes the "often confusing use of categorisation" and the lack of definition of the key concept of emotion. Bayley writes that "the effectiveness of "What is Art?" lies not so much in its positive assertions as in its rejection of much that was taken for granted in the aesthetic theories of the time". Noyes criticises Tolstoy's dismissal of beauty, but states that, "despite its shortcomings", "What is Art?" "may be pronounced the most stimulating critical work of our time". Simmons mentions the "occasional brilliant passages" along with the "repetition, awkward language, and loose terminology".

title: Official language

text: Vietnamese. New York state provides voter-registration forms in the following five languages: Bengali, Chinese, English, Korean and Spanish. The same languages are also on ballot papers in certain parts of the state (namely, New York City). The pro-English-only website U.S. English sees a multilingual government as one in which its "services actually encourage the growth of linguistic enclaves...[and] contributes to racial and ethnic conflicts". Opponents of an official language policy in the United States argue that it would hamper "the government's ability to reach out, communicate, and warn people in the event of a natural or man-made disaster such as

title: (What Is) Love?

text: had my few relationships and have yet to feel love ." "What Is Love?" was leaked onto the internet in May 2009. Wynter Gordon, the co-writer of "What Is Love?", expressed her dismay at the "unfinished and unmastered" song's leak in a post on her official MySpace blog. She stated: "I wrote this song from a deep place in my heart. If the world was gonna hear it, I wanted them to hear it right... It's as good as gone to me now... The story was given a Lifetime TV special instead of a movie... sad." Gordon did note that

title: National symbols of Mexico

text: by President Manuel Ávila Camacho in a decree printed in the Diario Oficial de la Federación. The de jure or official language of Mexico is Spanish. Nevertheless, there are still people who only speak indigenous languages. On December 8, 2005, Article 39 of the national symbols law was adopted to allow for the translation of the lyrics into the native languages. The official translation is performed by the National Institute of Indigenous Languages (). National symbols of Mexico The national symbols of Mexico are the flag, the coat of arms and the anthem. The flag is a vertical tricolor of

title: Portuguese language in Goa

text: diverse for a country that is already full of contrasts as is the case in India. Despite several centuries of domination exercised by [[Portugal]], unlike what happened in other [[Portuguese Empire|Portuguese colonies elsewhere]], the Portuguese language never spread among the vast majority of the population, remaining as the language of administration and a small literate elite. Today, the Portuguese situation in Goa is much more dramatic. Generation after generation, the number of speakers were decreased dramatically. Since the military conquest of the colony by India in 1961, the [[Portuguese language]] has been progressively replaced by [[Konkani]] (the official language of

title: What Is the What

text: writes: "Over the course of many years, Dave and I have collaborated to tell my story... I told [him] what I knew and what I could remember, and from that material he created this work of art." The book is typical of Eggers' style: blending non-fictional and fictional elements into a non-fiction novel or memoir. By classifying the book a novel, Eggers says, he freed himself to re-create conversations, streamline complex relationships, add relevant detail and manipulate time and space in helpful ways—all while maintaining the essential truthfulness of the storytelling. However, not all critics were impressed. Lee Siegel sees

title: Hispanics and Latinos in New Mexico

text: groups in New Mexico were:, According to the 2000 U.S. Census, 28.76% of the population aged 5 and older speak Spanish at home. Speakers of New Mexican Spanish dialect are mainly descendants of Spanish colonists who arrived in New Mexico in the 16th, 17th and 18th centuries. New Mexican Spanish is an archaic form of 17th century Castilian Spanish. The original state constitution of 1912 provided for a bilingual government with laws being published in both English and Spanish; this requirement was renewed twice, in 1931 and 1943. Nonetheless, the constitution does not declare any language as "official." While Spanish

title: Official bilingualism in Canada

text: federal government. In 1974, the Supreme Court of Canada ruled against Jones, and found the law constitutional. In 1991, a local resurgence in anti-bilingualism sentiments allowed the Confederation of Regions Party to win 21.2% of the vote in New Brunswick's provincial election and to briefly form the official opposition with eight seats in the provincial legislature. Some organizations or individuals within certain movements also propose introducing a more inclusive language policy either via official multilingualism, or an official unilingual language policy in an auxiliary language so as to intrude minimally into the first-language choice of residents. Such ideas are sometimes

title: What is Living and What is Dead in Indian Philosophy

text: What is Living and What is Dead in Indian Philosophy What is Living and What is Dead in Indian Philosophy is a 1976 book by Debiprasad Chattopadhyaya. Explaining the relationship between the soul and consciousness in the Nyaya-Vaisesika philosophy, Debiprasad Chattopadhyaya makes three points. First, consciousness in this view is knowledge (jnana) in an empirical sense. Second, consciousness is one of the multiple qualities of the soul. Third, consciousness is a transient quality, not a permanent quality. By itself, the soul is without consciousness; consciousness is produced in the soul only when it is conjoined with certain other entities. Hiriyanna,

text: commenting on this point, notes: Hiriyanna expresses his perplexity in reviewing the Nyaya-Vaisesika view of consciousness, and then comes out with a comment equating this view with the Charvaka view of consciousness: What is Living and What is Dead in Indian Philosophy What is Living and What is Dead in Indian Philosophy is a 1976 book by Debiprasad Chattopadhyaya. Explaining the relationship between the soul and consciousness in the Nyaya-Vaisesika philosophy, Debiprasad Chattopadhyaya makes three points. First, consciousness in this view is knowledge (jnana) in an empirical sense. Second, consciousness is one of the multiple qualities of the soul. Third,

title: Vlach language in Serbia

text: странка) in Serbian. This happens also with the others institutions of the Vlach minority. Radio Zaječar and Radio Pomoravlje broadcast programmes in the Vlach language. Vlach language in Serbia The Vlach language ( / "Vlaški jezik"), known by the endonym "limba română" or "ľimba rumâńască" (literally "Romanian language"), is used to designate the Daco-Romanian varieties spoken by the Vlach community of eastern Serbia. Serbian statistics list Vlach and Romanian languages separately depending on what people declared in the census. This, however, does not mean that Serbian government has official position whether Vlach and Romanian are separate languages. ISO hadn't assigned

title: Vlach language in Serbia

text: Vlach language in Serbia The Vlach language ( / "Vlaški jezik"), known by the endonym "limba română" or "ľimba rumâńască" (literally "Romanian language"), is used to designate the Daco-Romanian varieties spoken by the Vlach community of eastern Serbia. Serbian statistics list Vlach and Romanian languages separately depending on what people declared in the census. This, however, does not mean that Serbian government has official position whether Vlach and Romanian are separate languages. ISO hadn't assigned it a separate language code to the ISO 639 standard. In the 2002 census, 40,054 people in Serbia declared themselves ethnic Vlachs and 54,818 people

text: as an official language. The campaign is included in the program "Minority Rights in Practice in South Eastern Europe", initiated together by the King Baudouin Foundation, Open Society Found Belgrade, Charles Stewart Mott Foundation and the Citizen's Initiatives. In the 2002 Census, the last carried out in Serbia, 1.45% citizens of Vojvodina declared Romanian as their mother tongue (barely 0.1% of the world's Romanophones). In Vojvodina there are 40 Romanian historical parishes, with 42 priests, under the jurisdiction of the Romanian Orthodox Eparchy "Dacia Felix" based in Vršac and headed by Daniil Partoşanul, vicar bishop of the Archdiocese of Timişoara.

title: Spanish language in the Philippines

text: official language of the Philippines, was quickly redesignated as an official language, and finally did lose official status with the ratification of a subsequent constitution in 1987. The 21st century has seen a revival of interest in the language, with the numbers of those studying it formally at college or taking private courses rising markedly in recent years. Today, the Philippine constitution provides that Spanish shall be promoted on a voluntary and optional basis. A great portion of the history of the Philippines is written in Spanish and, up until recently, many land titles, contracts, newspapers and literature were still

text: script are officially used in 8 municipalities: Alibunar, Bela Crkva, Žitište, Zrenjanin, Kovačica, Kovin, Plandište and Sečanj. In the municipality of Vršac, Romanian is also official in the villages with ethnic Romanian majority: Vojvodinci (Romanian: Voivodiț), Markovac (Romanian: Marcovăț), Straža (Romanian: Straja), Mali Žam (Romanian: Jamu Mic), Malo Središte (Romanian: Srediștea Mică), Mesić (Romanian: Mesici), Jablanka (Romanian: Jablanka), Sočica (Romanian: Sălcița), Ritiševo (Romanian: Râtișor), Orešac (Romanian: Oreșaț) and Kuštilj (Romanian: Coștei). The non-governmental organisation ""Municipal parliament the "free" city of Vršac"" (Romanian: "Parlamentul orășenesc orașul "liber" Vârșeț") started a project aimed to encourage the public use of the Romanian language

title: Hispanos of New Mexico

text: usage and legal promotion of Spanish in New Mexico; however, the state has no official language. New Mexico's laws are promulgated bilingually in Spanish and English. Although English is the state government's paper working language, government business is often conducted in Spanish, particularly at the local level. The original state constitution of 1912, renewed in 1931 and 1943, provided for a bilingual government with laws being published in both languages. The constitution does not identify any language as official. While the legislature permitted the use of Spanish there until 1935, in the 21st century all state officials are required to

title: Languages with official status in India

text: Languages with official status in India The Constitution of India designates the official language of the Government of India as Hindi written in the Devanagari script, as well as English. There is no national language as declared by the Constitution of India. Hindi is used for official purposes such as parliamentary proceedings, judiciary, communications between the Central Government and a State Government. States within India have the liberty and powers to specify their own official language(s) through legislation and therefore there are 22 officially recognized languages in India of which Hindi is the most used. The number of native Hindi

title: Revolution Day (Mexico)

text: ("Ley Federal del Trabajo") provides that the third Monday of November (regardless the date) will be the official Day of the Revolution holiday in Mexico. This was a modification of the law made in 2005, effective since 2006; before then, it was November 20 regardless of the day, and all schools gave extended holidays if the day was a Tuesday or Thursday. Revolution Day (Mexico) Revolution Day is an official Mexican government holiday, celebrated annually in Mexico on November 20th, marking the start of what became the Mexican Revolution. The Mexican Revolution brought the overthrow of liberal Army general Porfirio

title: The News (Mexico City)

text: the occasional business piece, earned some respect for the tabloid. The large diplomatic corp in Mexico City read the English-language daily carefully and many embassies used clippings in their reports back to their respective home countries. Like its Spanish-language sister paper (and many dailies in the nation's capital), "The News" tended to toe the official government line in its editorial policy, specifically in its national news coverage. Hoping to change that trend, then-editor Roger Toll hired Pete Hamill in 1986 to take over "The News." Hamill, a former "New York Post" columnist, was fired after six months on the job

title: Timeline of official languages policy in Canada

text: Timeline of official languages policy in Canada Because the country contains two major language groups and numerous other linguistic minorities, in Canada official languages policy has always been an important and high-profile area of public policy. In an exhaustive 1971 study of Canadian language law prepared for the Royal Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism, Claude-Armand Sheppard offered this definition for the term “official language”: “[An] official language is a language in which all or some of the public affairs of a particular definition are, or can be, conducted, either by law or custom. We take public affairs to comprise the

text: the UN may be more likely to grant a vote on adding Hindi as an official language. But as of now, the international community does not seem to see enough benefit to overcome the potential political issues that adding Hindi as official language of the UN could cause. Malay is an Austronesian language spoken throughout the Malay Peninsula and large swaths of Southeast Asia. Malay is an official language of Malaysia, Brunei, Indonesia (which is the 4th most populous nation in the world), Singapore, East Timor, Christmas Island, Cocos Islands and is a recognized minority language in Thailand where is