query: what are the traditions in jamaica?

title: Jamaica, Vermont

text: Jamaica, Vermont Jamaica is a town in Windham County, Vermont, United States. The population was 1,035 at the 2010 census. Jamaica includes the villages of East Jamaica and Rawsonville. Its ZIP code is 05343. The town is home to Jamaica State Park, noted for scenic camping spots and various swimming holes, including Hamilton Falls. The nearest large town is Brattleboro. In the colonial period, what is now Vermont was disputed territory, with land claims from both New York and New Hampshire. The original grants for this area, issued by the Royal Governor of New York in 1767 and 1772, were

title: Jamaica

text: to make it in the Winter Olympics. The island is famous for its Jamaican jerk spice, curries and rice and peas which is integral to Jamaican cuisine. Jamaica is also home to Red Stripe beer and Jamaican Blue Mountain Coffee. Sport is an integral part of national life in Jamaica and the island's athletes tend to perform to a standard well above what might ordinarily be expected of such a small country. While the most popular local sport is cricket, on the international stage Jamaicans have tended to do particularly well at track and field athletics. Jamaica has produced some

title: Protestantism in Jamaica

text: Protestantism in Jamaica Protestantism is the dominant religion in Jamaica. Protestants make up just over 60% of the population. The five largest denominations in Jamaica are: Church of God, Seventh-day Adventist, Baptist, Pentecostal and Anglican. The full list is below. most of the Caribbean is Catholic, Jamaica’s Protestantism is a legacy of missionaries that came to the island in the 18th and 19th centuries . Missionaries attempted to convert slaves to varying Protestant denominations of Moravians, Baptists, Methodists, and Presbyterians to name a few. As missionaries worked to convert slaves, African traditions mixed with the religion brought over by Europeans.

title: Easter traditions

text: brown sugar, molasses, baking powder or yeast and dried fruits." Easter egg traditions and the Easter Bunny activities are not widespread in Jamaica. Also, Jamaican traditions include sometimes include throwing garlic onto the floor as a sign of good luck during Easter dinner. In New Zealand, the Auckland Easter Show is an annual tradition, also. Easter traditions Since its origins, Easter has been a time of celebration and feasting and many traditional Easter games and customs developed, such as egg rolling, egg tapping, pace egging, cascarones or confetti eggs, and egg decorating. Today Easter is commercially important, seeing wide sales

title: Jamaica

text: parishes of Kingston and St. Andrews are consolidated as the city municipality of Kingston & St. Andrew Municipal Corporation. The newest city municipality created is the Municipality of Portmore in 2003. While it is geographically located within the parish of St. Catherine, it is governed independently. The Jamaica Defence Force (JDF) is the small but professional military force of Jamaica. The JDF is based on the British military model with similar organisation, training, weapons and traditions. Once chosen, officer candidates are sent to one of several British or Canadian basic officer courses depending on the arm of service. Enlisted soldiers

title: Jamaica Defence Force

text: Jamaica Defence Force The Jamaica Defence Force (JDF) is the combined military of Jamaica, consisting of an infantry Regiment and Reserve Corps, an Air Wing, a Coast Guard fleet and a supporting Engineering Unit. The JDF is based upon the British military model, with similar organisation, training, weapons and traditions. Once chosen, officer candidates are sent to one of several British or Canadian basic officer courses depending upon the arm of service. Enlisted soldiers are given basic training at JDF Training Depot Newcastle. As on the British model, NCOs are given several levels of professional training as they rise up

title: First Presbyterian Church in Jamaica

text: Center also complements existing social service providers. First Presbyterian Church in Jamaica The First Presbyterian Church in Jamaica is located in Jamaica, Queens, a neighbourhood of New York City. Organized in 1662, it is the oldest continuously serving Presbyterian church in the United States. The church was first organized in 1662. Most of its founders came from Halifax, West Yorkshire, England. Though there are older churches on Long Island, this congregation has never stopped service. In 1699, a stone church was built on what is now Jamaica Avenue, paid for by tax dollars. In 1702, the congregations of Grace Episcopal

title: First Presbyterian Church in Jamaica

text: First Presbyterian Church in Jamaica The First Presbyterian Church in Jamaica is located in Jamaica, Queens, a neighbourhood of New York City. Organized in 1662, it is the oldest continuously serving Presbyterian church in the United States. The church was first organized in 1662. Most of its founders came from Halifax, West Yorkshire, England. Though there are older churches on Long Island, this congregation has never stopped service. In 1699, a stone church was built on what is now Jamaica Avenue, paid for by tax dollars. In 1702, the congregations of Grace Episcopal and First Reformed split off. A new

title: Politics of Jamaica

text: (ACS). Politics of Jamaica Politics in Jamaica takes place in the framework of a representative parliamentary democratic constitutional monarchy. The 1962 Constitution of Jamaica established a parliamentary system whose political and legal traditions closely follow those of the United Kingdom. As the head of state, Queen Elizabeth II - on the advice of the Prime Minister of Jamaica - appoints a governor-general as her representative in Jamaica. The governor-general has a largely ceremonial role. Jamaica constitutes an independent Commonwealth realm. The Constitution vests executive power in the cabinet, led by the Prime Minister. Executive power is exercised by the government.

title: Politics of Jamaica

text: Politics of Jamaica Politics in Jamaica takes place in the framework of a representative parliamentary democratic constitutional monarchy. The 1962 Constitution of Jamaica established a parliamentary system whose political and legal traditions closely follow those of the United Kingdom. As the head of state, Queen Elizabeth II - on the advice of the Prime Minister of Jamaica - appoints a governor-general as her representative in Jamaica. The governor-general has a largely ceremonial role. Jamaica constitutes an independent Commonwealth realm. The Constitution vests executive power in the cabinet, led by the Prime Minister. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative

title: Hinduism in Jamaica

text: was believed to be the only Hindu priest in Jamaica was mudered under mysterious condition.Presently, there are two Hindu priests in Jamaica, Pt. Ramadar Maragh and the newly ordained Pt. Lochan Nathan-Sharma. In 2017, the first Hindu Preschool was launched in Queens in Jamaica. Hinduism in Jamaica Hinduism is a minority religion in Jamaica,followed mainly by the Indo-Jamaicans.According to the 2011 census,Hinduism is followed by 0.07% of the population of Jamaica. According to the 2001 census there are 1453 Hindus in Jamaica,which increased to 1836 in the 2011 census. The Sanatan Hindu Temple is the only Hindu temple recognised by

title: Religion in Jamaica

text: Methodist, 1% Moravian and 1% Brethren Christian. The Church of God has 111 congregations in six regions: There are about 50,000 (2%) Catholics in Jamaica, which is divided into three dioceses, including one archdiocese: The Missionaries of the Poor monastic order originated in Kingston, Jamaica. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints reports 5,891 members living in Jamaica. Members of the Church are organized under the Kingston Jamaica Stake, the Mandeville Jamaica District and the Kingston Jamaica Mission, and members attend the Panama City Panama Temple. The Rastafari movement or Rasta is a new religious movement that arose in

title: Elections in Jamaica

text: of American States and the Electoral Office of Jamaica. Elections in Jamaica Elections in Jamaica provides information on elections and election results in Jamaica. The Parliament of Jamaica has two chambers: Jamaica effectively has a two-party system: there are two dominant political parties, and it is difficult for other parties to achieve electoral success. Though the years are fixed due to the five-year term of the prime minister, the date of the election is traditionally announced by the ruling party a few months in advance. Recently, there has been debate over whether this "flexible date" system is the best for

title: Elections in Jamaica

text: Elections in Jamaica Elections in Jamaica provides information on elections and election results in Jamaica. The Parliament of Jamaica has two chambers: Jamaica effectively has a two-party system: there are two dominant political parties, and it is difficult for other parties to achieve electoral success. Though the years are fixed due to the five-year term of the prime minister, the date of the election is traditionally announced by the ruling party a few months in advance. Recently, there has been debate over whether this "flexible date" system is the best for Jamaica, or whether the government should switch to a

title: Bodymind (in meditation traditions)

text: Bodymind (in meditation traditions) Bodymind is a compound of body and mind and may be used differently in different meditation traditions. These different understandings often inform each other. The Buddhist philosopher, Herbert V. Günther, has stated: What we call 'body' and 'mind' are mere abstractions from an identity experience that cannot be reduced to the one or the other abstraction, nor can it be hypostatized into some sort of thing without falsifying its very being. Modern Western cultures inherited the concept of Cartesian dualism which isn't evident in many other cultures. As a result of multiculturalism and globalization, the bodymind

title: Culture of Jamaica

text: as "Ital". However, neither tradition is regarded as compulsory – many people who wear dreadlocks are not Rastas and many Rastas do not wear them. One of the most controversial cultural traditions is Rastas' use of ganja as a sacrament which is smoked to aid in reasoning (contemplation and discussion). Cannabis is a strictly prohibited substance in Jamaica, so its use by Rastas means the movement is in a more-or-less permanent state of tension with police agencies. In its Jamaican homeland, Rastafari is a minority culture and receives little in the way of official recognition. Jamaica is an overwhelmingly Christian

title: Health in Jamaica

text: Indies, a regional teaching institution partially funded by Regional Governments including Jamaica, 10 private hospitals and over 495 pharmacies. There are around 5,000 public hospital beds and about 200 in the private sector. See List of hospitals in Jamaica. Health in Jamaica Life expectancy in Jamaica was 73 years in 2012. Dr Christopher Tufton is the minister of health. Health care in Jamaica is free to all citizens and legal residents at the public hospitals and clinics. This, in theory, includes the cost of prescribed medication. There are long queues at public health facilities. An audit in 2015 identified shortages

title: Sport in Jamaica

text: since their inception in 1963.. Rugby union in Jamaica is a minor but growing sport, with 2,090 registered players. The sport is governed by the Jamaica Rugby Union. The Jamaica national rugby union team is ranked 84th in the world by the IRB rankings. Sport in Jamaica Sport in Jamaica is a significant part of Jamaican culture. The most popular sports are mostly imported from Britain. The most popular sport are athletics and association football; other popular sports include cricket, basketball and netball (usually for women). Out of all the top five sports, basketball is the island's fastest growing sport.

title: Telecommunications in Jamaica

text: Telecommunications in Jamaica Telecommunications in Jamaica include radio, television, fixed and mobile telephones, and the Internet. Country Code: +1-876, +1-658<br> International Call Prefix: 011 (outside NANP) Calls from Jamaica to the US, Canada, and other NANP Caribbean nations, are dialed as 1 + NANP area code + 7-digit number. Calls from Jamaica to non-NANP countries are dialed as 011 + country code + phone number with local area code. Number Format: nxx-xxxx Jamaica has a fully digital telephone communication system. The country's three mobile operators – Cable and Wireless (once marketed as LIME – Landline, Internet, Mobile and Entertainment now

title: Bodymind (in meditation traditions)

text: compound term "bodymind" in his thesis work at the University of Hawai'i, "The Bodymind Experience in Japanese Buddhism", which he defended in 1979 and published in 1985. Shaner translated the term 心身統一合氣道, Shinshintouitsu Aikidō. Bodymind (in meditation traditions) Bodymind is a compound of body and mind and may be used differently in different meditation traditions. These different understandings often inform each other. The Buddhist philosopher, Herbert V. Günther, has stated: What we call 'body' and 'mind' are mere abstractions from an identity experience that cannot be reduced to the one or the other abstraction, nor can it be hypostatized into

title: What Are The Theosophists?

text: What Are The Theosophists? "What Are The Theosophists?" is an editorial published in October 1879 in the theosophical magazine "The Theosophist." It was compiled by Helena Blavatsky and it was included the 2nd volume of the "Blavatsky Collected Writings." Arnold Kalnitsky wrote in his thesis that in this article "we find a rather expansive statement of... [Blavatsky's] thoughts at that moment about the status of the movement, the Theosophical Society, its objectives, and the issues it was confronting." He wrote that the article begins with a question whether the Theosophists "are they what they claim to be": researchers of the

title: History of the Jews in Jamaica

text: from Amsterdam, Bordeaux, and Bayonne moved to Jamaica, mostly residing in Port Royal. Port Royal even had what was called a Jew Street. In 1719, the synagogue Kahal Kadosh Neve Tsedek was built. It was originally planned to turn Jamaica into an agricultural powerhouse, but this plan failed. However, for local merchants, Port Royal became a successful center for trade. Port Royal became an attractive place to trade commodities such as gold, silver, porcelain, embroidery, and silk. The Jews participated as well, particularly in the trade of silver and gold, and in money-changing. This success, however, led to with backlash.

title: Health in Jamaica

text: Health in Jamaica Life expectancy in Jamaica was 73 years in 2012. Dr Christopher Tufton is the minister of health. Health care in Jamaica is free to all citizens and legal residents at the public hospitals and clinics. This, in theory, includes the cost of prescribed medication. There are long queues at public health facilities. An audit in 2015 identified shortages of manpower, equipment, medications, wheelchairs, stretchers, gloves, beds, and other essential supplies. 3.3% of the national budget is spent on health services. In Jamaica there are over 330 health centres, 24 public hospitals, the University Hospital of the West

title: Protestantism in Jamaica

text: strict in correct belief and behavior as other denominations. Instead, Baptists in Jamaica tend to focus on the church in everyday life like health issues, material resources, and social relationships. There are also several church operated educational systems including a Seventh-day Adventist one which incorporates Northern Caribbean University. Protestantism in Jamaica Protestantism is the dominant religion in Jamaica. Protestants make up just over 60% of the population. The five largest denominations in Jamaica are: Church of God, Seventh-day Adventist, Baptist, Pentecostal and Anglican. The full list is below. most of the Caribbean is Catholic, Jamaica’s Protestantism is a legacy of

title: Christianity in Jamaica

text: door to door book selling evangelists. At the 1936 Adventist worldwide General Conference session, Elder A.C. Stockhousen was moved to report: "Jamaica is one of the largest conferences of Seventh-day Adventists in the world... Today there are 5,335 baptized believers...A more loyal and serious band of believers it would be hard to find anywhere." Today, this continues to be true, and there are currently 3 local conference organizations in Jamaica, but now with over 200,000 members. Christianity in Jamaica Christianity was introduced by Spanish settlers who arrived in Jamaica in 1509. Thus, Roman Catholicism was the first Christian denomination to

title: Islam in Jamaica

text: Al-Ihsan in Negril, Masjid-Al-Hikmah in Ocho Rios, the Port Maria Islamic Center in Saint Mary and the Ahmadiyya Mahdi Mosque in Old Harbour. These are the main Islamic Festivals practised by Jamaican Muslims: Islam in Jamaica Islam in Jamaica is a minority religious affiliation. Muslims arrived in Jamaica through waves of immigration from Africa and the Indian subcontinent, and today make up a population of about 5,000 with several mosques and festivals. The first Muslims in Jamaica were West African Moors captured in the Reconquista sold as slaves to traders, and brought to Jamaica on ships. Over time most of

title: Cannabis in Jamaica

text: Cannabis in Jamaica Cannabis in Jamaica is illegal, but possession of small amounts was reduced to a petty offense in 2015. Cannabis is locally known as "ganja", and internationally cannabis consumption plays a prominent role in the nation's public image, being tied to cultural touchstones such as Rastafari and reggae music. Cannabis was introduced to Jamaica in the 1850s–1860s by indentured servants imported from India during British rule of both nations; many of the terms used in cannabis culture in Jamaica are based on Indian terms, including the term "ganja". Cannabis was banned in Jamaica under the 1913 Ganja Law,

title: Education in Jamaica

text: Education in Jamaica Education in Jamaica is primarily modeled on the British education system. Early childhood education includes the Basic, Infant and privately operated pre-schools. The age cohort is usually 1 – 6 years. The Government of Jamaica began its support for the development of early childhood education, care and development in 1942. There are 2,595 early childhood institutions. Of these, 183 are not recognized by the government, 401 are day care centers, approximately 100 are infant schools and five are special education schools which offer early childhood care. The enrollment rate between 4 and 6 years is 62% -

title: Hinduism in Jamaica

text: Hinduism in Jamaica Hinduism is a minority religion in Jamaica,followed mainly by the Indo-Jamaicans.According to the 2011 census,Hinduism is followed by 0.07% of the population of Jamaica. According to the 2001 census there are 1453 Hindus in Jamaica,which increased to 1836 in the 2011 census. The Sanatan Hindu Temple is the only Hindu temple recognised by the Jamaican Government.It was built in mid 1970s by Pandit Munaeshwar Maragh at 114B Hagley Park Road. Today it stands as a place of worship and all major festivals celebrated. The major problem of Jamaica Hindus is the lack of priests.In 2017,Nathan Pandit who

title: Twelve Traditions

text: Twelve Traditions The Twelve Traditions of twelve-step programs provide guidelines for relationships between the twelve-step groups, members, other groups, the global fellowship, and society at large. Questions of finance, public relations, donations, and purpose are addressed in the Traditions. They were originally written by Bill Wilson after the founding of the first twelve-step group, Alcoholics Anonymous. Several of the tenets of what was to become AA's Twelve Traditions were first expressed in the Foreword to the First Edition of the Big Book of Alcoholics Anonymous in 1939. By 1944 the number of AA groups had grown along with the number

title: Travels & Traditions

text: Ireland 1103 Burt Wolf’s Family Vacation 1104 German Immigration to the US 1105 What are they Eating in the Photograph 1106 Taiwan A Sense of Place Part Three, Nurture vs. Nature 1107 Taiwan A Sense of Place Part Four, Nurture vs. Nature 1108 Connecting the Dots in America Travels & Traditions XII 1201 Atlantic Crossing 1202 Amsterdam To Cologne 1203 Cologne To Zell 1204 Cochem To Luxembourg 1205 Artcops 1206 Nuremberg To Linz 1207 Melk To Budapest 1208 Lyon To Arles Travels & Traditions Burt Wolf: Travels and Traditions or Travels & Traditions is a television series hosted by Burt

title: Cabinet of Jamaica

text: seen as the alternative to the Cabinet of Jamaica, led by the Leader of the Opposition (Jamaica), and is charged with fairly criticizing and providing alternative policy to that proposed by the Government. The Cabinet of Jamaica is currently composed of The Jamaica Labour Party members because the party won the 2016 General elections. The following are the members of the Government Cabinet led by Prime Minister Andrew Holness. The government of Jamaica, formally referred to as Her Majesty's Jamaican Government, is defined by the constitution as the Queen acting on the advice of her Executive Council; what is technically

title: Roads in Jamaica

text: is being accommodated in the 5 year Public Sector Investment Programmes covering the period 2016 to 2021. Parochial roads are a local responsibility, being maintained by parish councils. They are too numerous to list individually. Unclassified roads are a local responsibility, being maintained by parish councils. They are too numerous to list individually Roads in Jamaica The road network in Jamaica consists of almost 21,000 kilometres of roads, of which over 15,000 kilometres is paved. The numbering scheme used covers freeways, primary (or A) roads, secondary (or B) roads, parochial roads and unclassified roads.<ref name="mtw03/04">Annual Transport Statistics Report: Jamaica in

title: Sport in Jamaica

text: Sport in Jamaica Sport in Jamaica is a significant part of Jamaican culture. The most popular sports are mostly imported from Britain. The most popular sport are athletics and association football; other popular sports include cricket, basketball and netball (usually for women). Out of all the top five sports, basketball is the island's fastest growing sport. Other sports such as rugby league and rugby union are also considered growing sports. Jamaica is one of the leading countries in sprinting with the current world record holder for 100m and 200m, Usain Bolt and the former 100m world record holder, Asafa Powell,

title: Rugby union in Jamaica

text: Rugby union in Jamaica Rugby union in Jamaica is a minor but growing sport. They are currently ranked 84th by the IRB, with 2090 registered players. Rugby union in Jamaica is governed by the Jamaica Rugby Union. Rugby was first introduced into Jamaica by the British. Much of the competition is with neighbouring Caribbean islands, visiting ships and touring sides. Jamaica competes in the Caribbean Championship, a tournament which includes Trinidad and Tobago, Bermuda, Martinique, the Cayman Islands, the Bahamas, British Virgin Islands, Antigua and Guyana. Jamaica were the most surprising union to announce an interest in hosting the 2019

title: HIV/AIDS in Jamaica

text: Although Jamaica has a well-established national surveillance system, collecting accurate data about at-risk groups is challenging. Despite some progress in reducing stigma and discrimination (S&D), homosexual behavior continues to be illegal in Jamaica, and many MSM hide their sexual orientation and behavior, impeding accurate health surveys. Recent program estimates indicate that 20 to 30 percent of MSM are HIV-positive. Jamaica also has a large number of mobile sex workers, both Jamaican and from outside Jamaica, who are difficult to monitor. HIV infection rates among sex workers are much higher than they are in the general population. A 2006 study of

title: Islam in Jamaica

text: 7. The indentured Muslims laid the foundation of the eight other masjids established in Jamaica since the 1960s, with the advent of an indigenous Jamaican Muslim community that now forms the majority of the Muslim populace on the island. The statistics for Islam in Jamaica estimate a total Muslim population of about 5,000. There are several Islamic organizations and mosques in Jamaica, including the Islamic Council of Jamaica and the Islamic Education and Dawah Center, both located in Kingston and offering classes in Islamic studies and daily prayers in congregation. Outside Kingston organizations include Masjid Al Haq in Mandeville, Masjid

title: Igbo people in Jamaica

text: Several translated Igbo proverbs survive in Jamaica today because of the Igbo ancestors. Some of these include: "Obeah" refers to folk magic and sorcery that was derived from West African sources. The W. E. B. Du Bois Institute database supports obeah being traced to the ""dibia"" or ""obia" meaning "doctoring"" traditions of the Igbo people. Specialists in "Obia" (also spelled "Obea") were known as "Dibia" (doctor, psychic) practiced similarly as the obeah men and women of the Caribbean, like predicting the future and manufacturing charms. In Jamaican mythology, "River Mumma", a mermaid, is linked to "Oya" of the Yoruba and

title: LGBT rights in Jamaica

text: ubiquitous” homophobia in Jamaica. The virulent forms of homophobia in Jamaica are attributable to norms of hypermasculinity, which is roughly equivalent to the sexual behaviours associated with machismo in Central and South America. Homophobia in Jamaica is bolstered by the contemporary association of homosexuality with colonization, and by extension, of homophobia with anti-colonialism. Scholar Wayne Marshall describes that, in Jamaica, acts of homosexuality are believed to be “decadent products of the West” and “are thus to be resisted alongside other forms of colonization, cultural or political.” This sentiment is most strongly demonstrated in Jamaican dancehall hit “Dem Bow” by Shabba

title: Transport in Jamaica

text:
.
"unpaved:" (1997 est.). Railways in Jamaica, as in many other countries, no longer enjoy the prominent position they once did, having been largely replaced by roadways as the primary means of transport. Of the 272 kilometres of railway found in Jamaica, only 57 kilometres remain in operation, currently used to transport bauxite. In 2008, with increasing traffic congestion, moves are being made to reconstruct old railway lines.
"total:" 370 km
"standard gauge:" 370 km gauge. Of these, 207 km belong to the Jamaica Railway Corporation in common carrier service but are no longer operational. The other 163 km is

title: Education in Jamaica

text: Environment; and Trends in the Industry. Schools compete scholastically in School's Challenge Quiz and debating competitions. In regard to sports, the main track and field event is the Boys and Girls School's Championships. For football there are the Manning Cup and DaCosta Cup competitions. For cricket there is the Grace Shield competition. Many swim meets are held throughout the year. Education in Jamaica Education in Jamaica is primarily modeled on the British education system. Early childhood education includes the Basic, Infant and privately operated pre-schools. The age cohort is usually 1 – 6 years. The Government of Jamaica began its

title: What Are They Doing in Heaven?

text: What Are They Doing in Heaven? "What Are They Doing in Heaven?" is a Christian hymn written in 1901 by American Methodist minister Charles Albert Tindley. , it has become popular enough to have been included in 16 hymnals. The song has sometimes been recorded under the titles "What Are They Doing?" and "What Are They Doing in Heaven Today?". The question mark is often omitted. The song may also be known by its first line, "I am thinking of friends whom I used to know". The song consists of four verses and a refrain, each four lines long. In

title: What Are They Doing in Heaven?

text: in a wide variety of styles, including gospel and bluegrass; sometimes attributed to Phillips or to "anonymous" or to "traditional". What Are They Doing in Heaven? "What Are They Doing in Heaven?" is a Christian hymn written in 1901 by American Methodist minister Charles Albert Tindley. , it has become popular enough to have been included in 16 hymnals. The song has sometimes been recorded under the titles "What Are They Doing?" and "What Are They Doing in Heaven Today?". The question mark is often omitted. The song may also be known by its first line, "I am thinking of

title: Igbo people in Jamaica

text: Ibo. There are a substantial number of Igbo languge loanwords in Jamaican Patois, however the majority of African loanwords in Jamaican Patois are from the Akan language of modern-day Ghana. Igbo people mostly populated the northwestern section of the island. Originating primarily from what was known as the Bight of Biafra on the West African coast, Igbo people were taken in relatively high numbers to Jamaica as a result of the Transatlantic Slave Trade, beginning around 1750. The primary ports from which the majority of these enslaved people were taken from were Bonny and Calabar, two port towns that are

title: What Are The Theosophists?

text: often attracted all sorts of neurotics, hysterics and even madmen: "All organisations which depend on enthusiasm and opposition to conventional opinion suffer from this problem to some degree; Theosophy appears to have been especially prone to it. The permanent residents at Adyar during the 1880s and '90s were typical. A quarrelsome collection of minor English aristocrats, rich American widows, German professors, Indian mystics and hangerson of every description, they were all eager to have their say, especially during Olcott's prolonged absences, and all ready to quarrel with one another." What Are The Theosophists? "What Are The Theosophists?" is an editorial

title: History of the Jews in Jamaica

text: in Canada, a similar story unfolded as Jews were granted same political rights as their Christian counterparts. Jamaica's Jewish population was never large. However, their contribution to the economic and commercial life of the nation has been significant. It was formerly believed that only 200 people were religiously practicing Jews in Jamaica and that most Jews had migrated out of Jamaica. A recent study has now estimated that nearly 424,000 Jamaicans are descendants of Jewish (Sephardic) immigrants to Jamaica from Portugal and Spain from 1494 to the present, either by birth or ancestry. Jewish documents, gravestones written in Hebrew and

title: Rail transport in Jamaica

text: JRC, those that are not used for commercial purposes and rented out to traders are presently in a state of disrepair. The Jamaica Railways have a good record on accidents, but two incidents stand out: Mr. Lloyd A. Dawkins, Sr. MSc, MHSc, BA, Dpa started working with the Jamaica Government Railway on the same day of the historic September 1, 1957 accident. He was very involved in the recovery stages. Mr Dawkins is now a retired New York City, Senior Administrator for the Board of Education. Rail transport in Jamaica The Railways of Jamaica, constructed from 1845, were the second

title: Rugby union in Jamaica

text: Rugby World Cup, considering they had never participated in a previous event, though the quickly withdrew interest after. A record ten unions indicated interest in hosting either the 2015 and/or the 2019 events. The 2019 tournament received interest from nine different nations. Rugby union in Jamaica Rugby union in Jamaica is a minor but growing sport. They are currently ranked 84th by the IRB, with 2090 registered players. Rugby union in Jamaica is governed by the Jamaica Rugby Union. Rugby was first introduced into Jamaica by the British. Much of the competition is with neighbouring Caribbean islands, visiting ships and

title: Jamaica, Queens

text: west) and Jamaica Avenue (on the north, later Hillside Avenue) to Farmers Boulevard (on the east) and Linden Boulevard (on the south) in what is now St. Albans. By 1834, the Brooklyn and Jamaica Railroad company had completed a line to Jamaica. In 1850, the former Kings Highway (now Jamaica Avenue) became the Brooklyn and Jamaica Plank Road, complete with toll gate. In 1866, tracks were laid for a horsecar line, and 20 years later it was electrified, the first in the state. On January 1, 1898, Queens became part of the City of New York, and Jamaica became the

title: LGBT rights in Jamaica

text: To call what was going on here "stigma and discrimination" was really an understatement. In the ghettos[,] they were putting tires around people who had AIDS and lighting the tires on fire. They were killing gay people because they thought AIDS was contagious. It was a very extreme environment, and really horrible things were happening. Stigma has been associated with HIV in Jamaica since the beginning of the epidemic, partly because of its association with male homosexuality. Jamaican men, in particular, are so concerned about being associated with homosexuality that they are hesitant to seek HIV treatment and prevention services.

title: LGBT rights in Jamaica

text: marginalises and encourages violence against a gay lifestyle. This cycle takes on further meaning under Jamaican law, which criminalises all anal sex and often turns a blind eye to violence against homosexuals. Few are willing to take up the language of human rights against what is happening to homosexuals and HIV positive individuals because they are considered responsible for the spread of HIV. A study conducted by AIDS researchers found that half of surveyed university students in Jamaica felt sympathetic towards heterosexual men and non-sex workers who were HIV positive, but did not feel the same for homosexual men and

title: LGBT rights in Jamaica

text: married in New York State (which legalised same-sex marriage in 2012) where they reside. The couple had their celebration ceremony in Jamaica after being lawfully married in the United States. What makes the lives of transgender individuals in Jamaica different from those in other countries is the fact that Jamaican society has an exceptionally low tolerance for LGBTQ individuals, especially male-to-female transgender women, according to a case study done by the University of West Indies’ Sir Arthur Lewis Institute of Social Economic Studies. The stigmas placed upon these individuals influence their perception of the world, and upon internalising these stigmas,

title: Jamaica

text: horse-racing are other popular sports in Jamaica. The national football team qualified for the 1998 FIFA World Cup. The Jamaica national bobsled team was once a serious contender in the Winter Olympics, beating many well-established teams. Chess and basketball are widely played in Jamaica and are supported by the Jamaica Chess Federation (JCF) and the Jamaica Basketball Federation (JBF), respectively. Netball is also very popular on the island, with the Jamaica national netball team called The Sunshine Girls consistently ranking in the top five in the world. Rugby league has been played in Jamaica since 2006. The Jamaica national rugby

title: Jamaica Labrish

text: looking at Louise Bennett’s work, specifically "Jamaica Labrish" – that most of her work was meant to be performed. In the 1966 publication of "Jamaica Labrish", Nettleford's introduction describes Louise Bennett's work as "unique". The introduction explains and praises the nature of Bennett's art: Nettleford claims that “as an artist she knows what is exactly the proof of the pudding and she makes the authenticity of her dialect verses speak for itself”. Nettleford mentions that there are other poets who do not necessarily view Bennett as a poet. He states: “there are others who would feel it is improper to

title: Water supply and sanitation in Jamaica

text: Whenever tariffs are adjusted, the NWC and the OUR shall implement a public awareness campaign on how to reduce bills through water conservation. Affordability The average Jamaican household spends 2.1% of its income on water services. This is approximately half of what the average household spend on electricity, and a bit less than half of what the average household spends on telephone services. The poorest 20% of household in Jamaica spend 3.2% of their income on water, while the richest 20% send 1.8% of their income on water. Most financing is provided through government grants to NWC, which are in

title: What Are We Doin' in Love

text: stage. What Are We Doin' in Love "What Are We Doin' in Love" is a song written by Randy Goodrum and recorded by American country music artist Dottie West with the uncredited vocals of Kenny Rogers. It was released in March 1981 as the second single from the album "Wild West". "What Are We Doin' in Love" was the duo's third and final number one on the country chart. Since 1978, West and Rogers had been together as a duet partnership. Rogers revived the career of Dottie West when their song "Every Time Fools Collide" became a hit in 1978.

title: What Are We Doin' in Love

text: What Are We Doin' in Love "What Are We Doin' in Love" is a song written by Randy Goodrum and recorded by American country music artist Dottie West with the uncredited vocals of Kenny Rogers. It was released in March 1981 as the second single from the album "Wild West". "What Are We Doin' in Love" was the duo's third and final number one on the country chart. Since 1978, West and Rogers had been together as a duet partnership. Rogers revived the career of Dottie West when their song "Every Time Fools Collide" became a hit in 1978. They

title: Germans in Jamaica

text: Germans in Jamaica Germans in Jamaica or German Jamaicans, is are Jamaicans of German ancestry. The population was established in the 1830s when the abolition of slavery resulted in a labour shortage on the Caribbean island. Lord Seaford, who owned the Montpelier Estate and Shettlewood Pen in St. James established a European settlement in Westmoreland in order to combat the shortage, and over one thousand Germans migrated to Jamaica. The German language is no longer used on the island, but some German words have entered the Jamaican vernacular. Many Jamaicans in Seaford and German Town in Westmoreland carry heavy European

title: Prostitution in Jamaica

text: Prostitution in Jamaica Prostitution in Jamaica is illegal but widely tolerated, especially in tourist areas. UNAIDS estimate there to be 18,696 prostitutes in the country. The island is a destination for sex tourism. The Terry McMillan novel, and later film, How Stella Got Her Groove Back, was based on female sex tourism in Jamaica. Transactional sex also occurs. Sex trafficking is a problem in the country. Female prostitutes solicit from their homes or join customers in their hotel rooms or private homes. A number of prostitutes dance in adult night clubs and a percentage of them are from other countries.

title: Germans in Jamaica

text: features such as blue eyes, blond hair, freckles and white skin, as a result of the German genetic influences. Bunnaman, Eldermire, Gardner/Gartner, Groskopf, Hacker, Kameka, Kleinhans, Radlein, Somers/Summers, Wahrmann, Wedemire/Wodemire, Schleifer Germans in Jamaica Germans in Jamaica or German Jamaicans, is are Jamaicans of German ancestry. The population was established in the 1830s when the abolition of slavery resulted in a labour shortage on the Caribbean island. Lord Seaford, who owned the Montpelier Estate and Shettlewood Pen in St. James established a European settlement in Westmoreland in order to combat the shortage, and over one thousand Germans migrated to Jamaica.

title: Religion in Jamaica

text: the Shaare Shalom Synagogue in Kingston, who describe themselves as Liberal-Conservative. The first Jews in Jamaica trace their roots back to early 15th-century Spain and Portugal. There are an estimated 5,000 Muslims in Jamaica. Jamaica's constitution provides for freedom of religion, and its laws and policies contribute to the generally free practice of religion. The law at all levels protects this right in full against abuse, either by governmental or private actors. The government generally respects religious freedom in practice. In 2008, the U.S. government learned of no reports of societal abuses or discrimination in Jamaica based on religious affiliation,

title: Athletics in Jamaica

text: competed for Jamaica as he was born in Kingston, but switched to Great Britain as his father was born there. He won an Olympic silver medal in 2008. There are also some star athletes with Jamaican parentage. Kelly Holmes’ father is Jamaican. Kelly won two Olympic Golds in 2004 and has won two Commonwealth Golds for Great Britain. Denise Lewis’ mother was born in Hanover, Jamaica. Denise won Olympic gold in 2000. She also won a European Championship gold and two Commonwealth golds for Great Britain. Both of hurdler Colin Jackson’s parents were born in Jamaica, but he competed for

title: Crime in Jamaica

text: illegal drug trade. There has been a vast reduction in violence against LGBT individuals in Jamaica. The U.S. Department of State reported that brutality with homosexuals, mainly by private citizens, was widespread in 2008. Homosexuality "per se" is not illegal in Jamaica; however the Offenses Against the Person Act criminalizes buggery (anal sex) as well as "acts of gross indecency" between men. Many Jamaicans are hostile toward LGBT and intersex people, and several mob attacks against gay people have been reported. International human rights groups, the local LGBT rights organization, Jamaica Forum for Lesbians, All-Sexuals and Gays (JFLAG) and many

title: Republicanism in Jamaica

text: to republicanism upon taking office, and stated his government would introduce a bill to replace the Queen with "a non-executive president as head of state". All amendments to the Constitution of Jamaica must be approved by a two-thirds majority in both the House of Representatives and the Senate. However, certain sections of the constitution, including those pertaining to the monarchy, can only be amended if they are also submitted to a referendum. Republicanism in Jamaica Republicanism in Jamaica is a position which advocates that Jamaica's system of government be changed from a constitutional monarchy to a republic. Both major political

title: Religion in Jamaica

text: belief, or practice. Religion in Jamaica Religion in Jamaica, according to the most recent census (2001), consists of a breakdown of 66% Christian (62% Protestant, 2% Roman Catholic, and 2% Jehovah's Witnesses), 3% unstated, and 10% "other". The category "other" includes 29,026 Rastas, an estimated 5,000 Muslims, 3,000 Buddhists 1,453 Hindus, and approximately 200 Jews. The census reported 21% who claimed no religious affiliation. The largest religion indigenous to Jamaica is Rastafari. 62% of the Jamaican population are Protestants. Jamaican Protestantism is composed of several denominations: 24% Church of God, 11% Seventh-day Adventist, 10% Pentecostal, 7% Baptist, 4% Anglican, 2%

title: Religion in Jamaica

text: Religion in Jamaica Religion in Jamaica, according to the most recent census (2001), consists of a breakdown of 66% Christian (62% Protestant, 2% Roman Catholic, and 2% Jehovah's Witnesses), 3% unstated, and 10% "other". The category "other" includes 29,026 Rastas, an estimated 5,000 Muslims, 3,000 Buddhists 1,453 Hindus, and approximately 200 Jews. The census reported 21% who claimed no religious affiliation. The largest religion indigenous to Jamaica is Rastafari. 62% of the Jamaican population are Protestants. Jamaican Protestantism is composed of several denominations: 24% Church of God, 11% Seventh-day Adventist, 10% Pentecostal, 7% Baptist, 4% Anglican, 2% United Church, 2%

title: Human trafficking in Jamaica

text: Human trafficking in Jamaica Jamaica is a source, transit, and destination country for adults and children trafficked for the purposes of sexual exploitation and forced labor. Domestically, most victims are impoverished women and children enticed from rural parts of the country to metropolitan areas by family members or newspaper classified jop postings for spa attendants, masseurs, or exotic dancers. After they are recruited, victims are coerced into prostitution. Sex tourism in resort areas has been identified as a problem. Jamaica is reported to be a destination country for women trafficked from the Dominican Republic, Russia, Eastern Europe, Cuba, to work

title: Engineering traditions in Canada

text: Engineering traditions in Canada Engineering traditions in Canada are diverse. Many of the traditions are practised at the engineering departments of Canadian universities, where student organisations continue to practise traditions started by other engineers in previous years. In the early 1920s, Professor H. E. T. Haultain of the University of Toronto wrote to Rudyard Kipling, who had made reference to the work of engineers in some of his poems and writings. He asked Kipling for his assistance in developing a suitably dignified obligation and ceremony for its undertaking. Kipling was very enthusiastic in his response and shortly produced both an

title: Athletics in Jamaica

text: simply as 'Champs') which began in 1910 at Sabina Park and were won by Wolmer's High School. These championships are a chance for athletes under 19 to show off their talents to national and overseas coaches. The championships are incredibly popular in Jamaica and the athletes are normally competing to crowds of 20-25,000 people, which is good preparation for major championships and some of the championship records are world class. The championships are the climax of a series of athletics meetings for under-19s in Jamaica, and this is similar to the grand prix series whose climax is normally a major

title: Engineering traditions in Canada

text: on board to delay the ship's sinking, though the legitimacy of this origin is questionable. Purple is also the colour of the Engineering Corp in the British Military. It is common for engineers across schools in Canada to dye themselves (and their leather jackets, in the case of Queen's University engineers) purple using the medical dye Gentian Violet, especially during events such as Frosh Week. Engineering traditions in Canada Engineering traditions in Canada are diverse. Many of the traditions are practised at the engineering departments of Canadian universities, where student organisations continue to practise traditions started by other engineers in

title: History of the Jews in Jamaica

text: recent DNA testing have proven this. While many are non-practicing, it is recorded that over 20,000 Jamaicans religiously identify as Jews. Common Jewish surnames in Jamaica are Abrahams, Alexander, Isaacs, Levy, Marish, Lindo, Lyon, Sangster, Myers, Da Silva, De Souza, De Cohen, De Leon, DeMercado, Barrett, Babb, Magnus, Codner, DeCosta, Henriques and Rodriques. The Chabad-Lubavitch movement opened a branch in Jamaica in 2014 servicing locals as well as a welcome centre for international visitors. The Shaare Shalom synagogue in Kingston, first built in 1885, was the only synagogue in the country until 2014 when Chabad opened the second synagogue in

title: Postal codes in Jamaica

text: Postal codes in Jamaica There are currently 304 postal codes in Jamaica, with one and two-digit sector codes only being used in Kingston, the country's capital. A plan to introduce a postcode system, was first announced on June 6, 2005. This was to assist the Postal Corporation of Jamaica's international partners in the United States, United Kingdom and Canada to sort letters bound for Jamaica, which ended up in Japan or Jamaica in Long Island in the US. However, the system was not brought into force, despite reports in the "Sunday Observer"" in 2006 that it would be ready introduced

title: Japanese expatriates in Jamaica

text: Japanese expatriates in Jamaica There is a small community of Japanese expatriates in Jamaica and their descendants, consisting mostly of corporate employees and their families, along with immigrants and Jamaican-born citizens of Japanese ancestry. , 158 Japanese lived in the country, according to the statistics of Japan's Ministry of Foreign Affairs. In general, they are transient foreign residents employed by Japanese companies. Jamaica has the third largest Japanese population in the Caribbean after Japanese Cubans, and Japanese in the Dominican Republic. According to the Jamaican Embassy in Tokyo website, more than 100,000 Japanese tourists have visited Jamaica in the last

title: Custom and traditions in Azerbaijan

text: those 40 days. Neighbors also turn off the loud music. Even the corpse’s relative who are engaged must wait one year for their wedding. Azerbaijani cuisine Culture of Azerbaijan Studentsoftheworld; Azerbaijan Culture and Traditions Azerbaijan WEDDING CEREMONIES IN AZERBAIJAN (ON THE BASIS OF MATERIALS COLLECTED FROM SALYAN AND NEFTCHALA REGIONS) Celebration of Novruz in Azerbaijan Custom and traditions in Azerbaijan National traditions are well preserved in Azerbaijan. They have a long history, namely originates from the formation of the Azerbaijani people.There are several traditions in Azerbaijan, some customs and traditions differ from region to region . Serving tea to guests

title: LGBT rights in Jamaica

text: LGBT rights in Jamaica Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) persons in Jamaica, particularly men, face legal and social issues not experienced by non-LGBT people. Sodomy and/or buggery are punishable by life imprisonment. On the other hand, sexual behaviour between women is legal. Jamaica has been described by some human rights groups as the most homophobic country in the world because of the high level of violent crime directed at LGBT people. The United States Department of State said that in 2012, "homophobia was widespread in the country". The government of Jamaica said in 2012 that it "is committed to

title: Rugby league in Jamaica

text: in Jamaica's history and qualifying for the 2021 World Cup. Rugby league in Jamaica The Jamaica Rugby League National Club Championship was formed in 2005 and initially consisted of four teams. Throughout the years the numbers have grown. In 2013, there were 20 senior teams featuring in Community, Collegiate and Parish Championships. There are also several High and Primary school programs running throughout Jamaica. In early 2011, Hurricanes Rugby League was launched with the intention of developing juniors to play at a professional/semi-professional level. The Jamaica Rugby League Association is the governing body of Jamaican rugby league, they work with

title: Rugby league in Jamaica

text: Rugby league in Jamaica The Jamaica Rugby League National Club Championship was formed in 2005 and initially consisted of four teams. Throughout the years the numbers have grown. In 2013, there were 20 senior teams featuring in Community, Collegiate and Parish Championships. There are also several High and Primary school programs running throughout Jamaica. In early 2011, Hurricanes Rugby League was launched with the intention of developing juniors to play at a professional/semi-professional level. The Jamaica Rugby League Association is the governing body of Jamaican rugby league, they work with the Rugby League European Federation and the Rugby League International

title: Our Man in Jamaica

text: Our Man in Jamaica Our Man in Jamaica/Operation Jamaica () is an 1965 Italian Spanish German international co-production Eurospy adventure film directed by an uncredited Mel Welles. It was credited to for reasons of European funding. Agent 001 Ken Stewart is sent to Jamaica to locate the missing Agent 009 who vanished investigating an arms smuggling operation. After two of Stewart's friends are found dead of electrocution, 001's investigation leads him to an expatriate American criminal who was sentenced to the electric chair but escaped from prison. Seeking revenge, he assembles an army of terrorists based on an island seven

title: What Are The Theosophists?

text: the recognition of Theosophy as a serious undertaking, she speaks of an alliance, albeit "short-lived", with the Indian Society of Arya Samaj, and of the fraternal connection with the Ceylon Buddhists. Accordung to this thesis, partial acceptance of the Theosophical doctrine by Hindus and Buddhist organizations was an important factor in the propaganda of the movement demonstrated that it really is "something tangible and legitimate", which is embodying the beliefs represented in the eastern traditions of ancient India. Kalnitsky has quoted the article: "None is older than she in esoteric wisdom and civilization, however fallen may be her poor shadow—modern

title: HIV/AIDS in Jamaica

text: HIV/AIDS in Jamaica HIV/AIDS in Jamaica has a 1.5 percent prevalence of the adult population estimated to be HIV-positive and no significant change over the last five years and therefore Jamaica appears to have stabilized its HIV/AIDS epidemic. Recent data from high-risk groups suggest that at least 9 percent of commercial sex workers and 20 to 30 percent of men who have sex with men (MSM) are estimated to be HIV-positive. Men and women aged 20 to 39 account for 54 percent of reported AIDS cases in Jamaica. First detected in 1982, HIV is present in all of Jamaica’s parishes,

title: LGBT rights in Jamaica

text: gay, bisexual, trans, and intersex ... communities is entrenched in Jamaican State institutions. Those who are not heterosexual or cisgender face political and legal stigmatisation, police violence, an inability to access the justice system, as well as intimidation, violence, and pressure in their homes and communities." Human Rights Watch said in 2012 that because of homophobia, "human rights defenders advocating the rights of LGBT people are not safe in Jamaica". A Universal Periodic Review (UPR) of Jamaica was completed in 2011 under the auspices of the United Nations Human Rights Council. In its report, Jamaica stressed that, although consensual sex

title: Irish people in Jamaica

text: Irish people in Jamaica Irish people in Jamaica or Irish Jamaicans, are Jamaican citizens whose ancestors originated from Ireland. Irish people are the second-largest reported ethnic group in Jamaica, after Jamaicans of African ancestry. Population estimates range from 300,000 to 700,000, making Irish Jamaicans up to 25% of Jamaica's population. Most Jamaicans with Irish ancestry also have African ancestry. The first wave of Irish immigrants occurred in the early 17th century, Irish emigrant principally sailors, servants, and merchants. Many of the poorer emigrants were displaced Gaelic-Irish and Anglo-Irish Catholics, as well as convicts who were indentured servants. Many of the

title: Transport in Jamaica

text: privately owned and used to transport bauxite. There are two international airports in Jamaica with modern terminals, long runways, and the navigational equipment required to accommodate the large jet aircraft used in modern air travel: Norman Manley International Airport in Kingston and Sangster International Airport in the resort town of Montego Bay. Both airports are home to the country's national airline, Air Jamaica. In addition there are local commuter airports at Tinson Pen (Kingston), Port Antonio, Ocho Rios, Mandeville, and Negril which cater to internal flights only. The Ian Fleming International Airport opened in February 2011 to serve the Ocho

title: LGBT rights in Jamaica

text: fairly rapidly, they have children fairly rapidly to regularise themselves, and that is really a ticking bomb". Gay men forced into heterosexual marriage are bound to have extramarital affairs. These affairs put their wives at high risk for infection as well. LGBT rights in Jamaica Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) persons in Jamaica, particularly men, face legal and social issues not experienced by non-LGBT people. Sodomy and/or buggery are punishable by life imprisonment. On the other hand, sexual behaviour between women is legal. Jamaica has been described by some human rights groups as the most homophobic country in the

title: Education in Jamaica

text: Universities are typically the only degree granting institutions; however, many colleges have been creating joint programs with universities, and thus are able to offer some students more than a college diploma. A few universities in the United States have extension programs in various parts of Jamaica. Most of the students who enroll in these part-time programs are working professionals who want to continue their education without having to relocate closer to the nation's universities. Tertiary education is offered by the following institutions: The Jamaica Tourist Bsm is a new subject at all levels from early childhood up to secondary, that

title: Crime in Jamaica

text: Crime in Jamaica Some areas of Jamaica, particularly cities such as Kingston, Montego Bay and Spanish Town, experience high levels of crime and violence. Jamaica has had one of the highest murder rates in the world for many years, according to United Nations estimates. Former Prime Minister P. J. Patterson described the situation as "a national challenge of unprecedented proportions". When Jamaica gained independence in 1962, the murder rate was 3.9 per 100,000 inhabitants, one of the lowest in the world. In 2005, Jamaica had 1,674 murders for a murder rate of 58 per 100,000 people. That year, Jamaica had

title: Christianity in Jamaica

text: force captured Jamaica and Roman Catholicism was removed until 1837. Today Jamaica is organized as the Archdiocese of Kingston in Jamaica, which also includes Belize and the Cayman Islands. Of the four suffragan dioceses, two, the dioceses of Mandeville and Montego Bay cover parts of Jamaica. The story of the Seventh-day Adventists in Jamaica, is one of rapid growth and development over more than a century. In 1891, at the request of James Palmer of Kingston, the Tract Society (Seventh-day Adventist) in the United States of America mailed literature to Jamaica. He gave one to Mrs. Margaret Harrison who is

title: Republicanism in Jamaica

text: Republicanism in Jamaica Republicanism in Jamaica is a position which advocates that Jamaica's system of government be changed from a constitutional monarchy to a republic. Both major political parties – the Jamaica Labour Party and the People's National Party – subscribe to the position, and the current Prime Minister of Jamaica, Andrew Holness, has announced that transitioning to a republic will be a priority of his government. In the lead-up to Jamaican independence in 1962, the Parliament of Jamaica established a cross-party joint select committee to prepare a new constitution. The committee received several submissions calling for Jamaica to become

title: Custom and traditions in Azerbaijan

text: Custom and traditions in Azerbaijan National traditions are well preserved in Azerbaijan. They have a long history, namely originates from the formation of the Azerbaijani people.There are several traditions in Azerbaijan, some customs and traditions differ from region to region . Serving tea to guests is one of the ancient traditions in Azerbaijan. Azerbaijani people usually prefer to dunk a piece of sugar into the tea, then bite a piece and sip their tea instead of adding sugar into it. Serving tea just before the main meal with different kinds of jam, (strawberry, fig, apricot, blackberry, cherry, walnut), sweets and

title: My Scene: Jammin' in Jamaica

text: Mills in the film, which are "Radiowave" and "Making My Way". "Making My Way" was also in "Barbie and the Three Musketeers", which was released in 2009. My Scene: Jammin' in Jamaica earned positive reviews from critics and viewers alike. On IMDb, the film has a score of 7.9 out of 10. My Scene: Jammin' in Jamaica My Scene: Jammin' in Jamaica is the first My Scene film, released on May 15, 2004 in the United States. It was sold together with the My Scene "Jammin' in Jamaica" dolls. When Madison and Urban Desire go to Jamaica for a contest,

title: What Are Records?

text: What Are Records? What Are Records? (or W.A.R.?) is an independent record label located in Boulder, Colorado. Founded in New York City in 1991 by owner Rob Gordon, former director of A&R at EMI, the company moved to Boulder in 1994. W.A.R.? has released over 100 records by Frank Black (of the Pixies), Bill Burr, Stephen Lynch, The Samples, Maceo Parker, Melissa Ferrick, and Whitest Kids U' Know. What Are Records? was founded in Gordon’s New York City loft in 1991. From the beginning, it fostered a direct-to-stores and direct-to-consumers distribution strategy Friend of Gordon and The Samples then-manager, Ted

title: Music of Jamaica

text: Dancehall music involves deejays, they are the ones chanting or humming over the rhythm or track. Although chanting over beats may seem primitive, the tradition originates in most African based music traditions. With the rise of many different genres, toasting became popular in Jamaica during the 1960s and 1970s. In the late 1960s, producers such as King Tubby and Lee Perry began stripping the vocals away from tracks recorded for sound system parties. With the bare beats and bass playing and the lead instruments dropping in and out of the mix, Deejays began toasting, or delivering humorous and often provoking

title: National Dance Theatre Company of Jamaica

text: Jamaica. The current artistic director is Marlon Simms, who is a long standing member of the company. Other dancers and choreographers that have been part of the company include Jackie Guy MBE, Joyce Campbell, and Clive Thompson. National Dance Theatre Company of Jamaica The National Dance Theatre Company of Jamaica (NDTC) is Jamaica's leading dance theatre company. The company was founded in 1962 by Rex Nettleford and Eddy Thomas with fifteen dancers, with Nettleford acting as its artistic director and principal choreographer, and Martha Graham as patron. Drawing on African Caribbean folk traditions and cultural themes as well as modern

title: Athletics in Jamaica

text: former Trinidad sprinter Ato Boldon is also Jamaican. The parents of high jumper Dalton Grant, European and Commonwealth gold medallist and triple Olympian, were both born in Jamaica, in Kingston and St. Thomas respectively. Japanese sprinter Asuka Cambridge, who competed in the semi-finals for the 100 meter race in the Rio de Janeiro Olympics, was born in Jamaica to a Jamaican father and Japanese mother. Denise Lewis(2001) Personal Best London: Century Athletics in Jamaica This article is about the athletics in Jamaica from the early 20th century to the present. In 80 years, Jamaica has won 42 Commonwealth Golds, 14

title: Football in Jamaica

text: Football in Jamaica Football is one of the most popular sports in Jamaica. It was introduced to the country by the British and quickly took hold. Other important sports in Jamaica include cricket, track and field, and for women, netball. The most reliable records available indicate that football was introduced in Jamaica towards the end of the 19th century and 1893 is listed as the year Jamaica formed its first football club. It immediately found itself in competition with cricket which had established earlier popular roots in the island. This may have been partly due to the climate, which suited

title: Protestantism in Jamaica

text: Jamaica. African Americans also played a role in spreading the Protestant faith in Jamaica. George Liele was a former slave from Georgia who made his way to Jamaica. He was recognized as the first successful venture of Christianity among the enslaved in Jamaica. He began Baptist work on the island in the mid-eighteenth century, meaning he was in Jamaica before English and Anglo-American missionaries. At the time Liele was working with slave communities, he was met with opposition from established groups such as the state church and the Church of England. As Liele and his Baptist followers were spreading out

title: Islam in Jamaica

text: Islam in Jamaica Islam in Jamaica is a minority religious affiliation. Muslims arrived in Jamaica through waves of immigration from Africa and the Indian subcontinent, and today make up a population of about 5,000 with several mosques and festivals. The first Muslims in Jamaica were West African Moors captured in the Reconquista sold as slaves to traders, and brought to Jamaica on ships. Over time most of them lost their Islamic identity due to forced mixing of ethnic groups. Mu’minun of African descent belonging to the Islamic nations of Mandinka, Fula, Susu, Ashanti and Hausa ceaselessly tried to maintain their

title: Football in Jamaica

text: first round, but managed to win their final group match against Japan, winning 2-1. They have also won the Caribbean Cup on five occasions. Football in Jamaica Football is one of the most popular sports in Jamaica. It was introduced to the country by the British and quickly took hold. Other important sports in Jamaica include cricket, track and field, and for women, netball. The most reliable records available indicate that football was introduced in Jamaica towards the end of the 19th century and 1893 is listed as the year Jamaica formed its first football club. It immediately found itself

title: History of the Jews in Jamaica

text: on track to gain equal rights to others in Jamaica, and the Jewish community noticed the possible threat of being the only group in Jamaica without voting rights. Thus, the Jews decided to fight for their right through petitions to the English Government. They attained full political rights in 1831. The status of British citizenship enabled ownership of property by the Jews. This victory proved to be significant not just for the Jews of Jamaica, but also elsewhere. In 1832, Jews in London used the victory in Jamaica as reasoning for their own rights to such freedoms. That same year

title: History of the Jews in Jamaica

text: History of the Jews in Jamaica The history of the Jews in Jamaica predominantly dates back to migrants from Spain and Portugal and Spain to the island since 1494. Starting in 1480, many Jews began fleeing from Spain because of the persecution of the Holy Inquisition. When the English captured Jamaica from Spain in 1655, the Jews who were living as conversos began to practice Judaism openly. By 1611, the Island of Jamaica had reached an estimated population of 1,500 people. An estimated 75 of those people were described as "foreigners," which may have included some Portuguese Jews. Still, many