query: what did ivan pavlov invented?

title: Ivan Pavlov

text: and she safely gave birth to their first child, a boy whom they named Mirchik; Sara became deeply depressed following Mirchik's sudden death in childhood. Ivan and Sara eventually had four more children: Vladimir, Victor, Vsevolod, and Vera. Their youngest son, Vsevolod, died of pancreatic cancer in 1935, only one year before his father. Pavlov was an atheist. Ivan Pavlov Ivan Petrovich Pavlov (; 27 February 1936) was a Russian physiologist known primarily for his work in classical conditioning. From his childhood days Pavlov demonstrated intellectual curiosity along with an unusual energy which he referred to as "the instinct for

title: Ivan Pavlov

text: Ivan Pavlov Ivan Petrovich Pavlov (; 27 February 1936) was a Russian physiologist known primarily for his work in classical conditioning. From his childhood days Pavlov demonstrated intellectual curiosity along with an unusual energy which he referred to as "the instinct for research". Inspired by the progressive ideas which D. I. Pisarev, the most eminent of the Russian literary critics of the 1860s, and I. M. Sechenov, the father of Russian physiology, were spreading, Pavlov abandoned his religious career and devoted his life to science. In 1870, he enrolled in the physics and mathematics department at the University of Saint

title: Ivan Pavlov

text: Petersburg in order to study natural science. Pavlov won the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1904, becoming the first Russian Nobel laureate. A survey in the "Review of General Psychology", published in 2002, ranked Pavlov as the 24th most cited psychologist of the 20th century. Pavlov's principles of classical conditioning have been found to operate across a variety of behavior therapies and in experimental and clinical settings, such as educational classrooms and even reducing phobias with systematic desensitization. Ivan Pavlov, the eldest of eleven children, was born in Ryazan, Russian Empire. His father, Peter Dmitrievich Pavlov (1823–1899), was

title: Ivan Pavlov

text: focuses on using preceding conditions to alter behavioral reactions. The principles underlying classical conditioning have influenced preventative antecedent control strategies used in the classroom. Classical conditioning set the groundwork for the present day behavior modification practices, such as antecedent control. Antecedent events and conditions are defined as those conditions occurring before the behavior. Pavlov's early experiments used manipulation of events or stimuli preceding behavior (i.e., a tone) to produce salivation in dogs much like teachers manipulate instruction and learning environments to produce positive behaviors or decrease maladaptive behaviors. Although he did not refer to the tone as an antecedent, Pavlov

title: Ivan Pavlov

text: Sciences in Helsinki in 1903. Later the same year Pavlov more fully explained the findings, at the 14th International Medical Congress in Madrid, where he read a paper titled "The Experimental Psychology and Psychopathology of Animals". As Pavlov's work became known in the West, particularly through the writings of John B. Watson and B. F. Skinner, the idea of "conditioning" as an automatic form of learning became a key concept in the developing specialism of comparative psychology, and the general approach to psychology that underlay it, behaviorism. Pavlov's work with classical conditioning was of huge influence to how humans perceive

title: Ivan Pavlov

text: different type of nervous system." The basics of Pavlov's classical conditioning serve as a historical backdrop for current learning theories. However, the Russian physiologist's initial interest in classical conditioning occurred almost by accident during one of his experiments on digestion in dogs. Considering that Pavlov worked closely with animals throughout many of his experiments, his early contributions were primarily about animal learning. However, the fundamentals of classical conditioning have been examined across many different organisms, including humans. The basic underlying principles of Pavlov's classical conditioning have extended to a variety of settings, such as classrooms and learning environments. Classical conditioning

title: Ivan Pavlov (film)

text: Ivan Pavlov (film) Ivan Pavlov () is a 1949 Soviet biopic directed by Grigori Roshal and starring Aleksandr Borisov, Nina Alisova and Nikolai Plotnikov. The film portrays the life of the Russian scientist Ivan Pavlov (1849-1936), known for his Pavlov's dog experiments. The film was made during the Stalinist era, despite the fact that Pavlov had been a noted opponent of the Soviet regime. The film begins in Ryazan in 1875, and tells about the work of Ivan Pavlov from his first steps in science to sensational discoveries which played a huge role in the development of medicine and psychology.

title: Ivan Pavlov (film)

text: an ideological opponent of the scientist-materialist, implores him not to interfere with the "sanctuary of the spirit", but Pavlov boldly ignores his opponents-obscurantists. The revolutionary 1917 year comes. Pavlov angrily rejects the proposal of an American agent to go abroad; he decides to forever remain with his people in his homeland. Ivan Pavlov (film) Ivan Pavlov () is a 1949 Soviet biopic directed by Grigori Roshal and starring Aleksandr Borisov, Nina Alisova and Nikolai Plotnikov. The film portrays the life of the Russian scientist Ivan Pavlov (1849-1936), known for his Pavlov's dog experiments. The film was made during the Stalinist

title: Ivan Pavlov (aviator)

text: Ivan Pavlov (aviator) Ivan Fomich Pavlov (June 25, 1922 - October 12, 1950) was a Russian aviator of the Great Patriotic War. He commanded both a "zveno" in the 6th Guards Assault Aviation Regiment, 3rd Air Army, Kalinin Front, and a squadron of the same regiment as part of the 1st Baltic Front, rising to the rank of Major. He was twice named a Hero of the Soviet Union. He was born into a Russian peasant family in the village of Boris-Romanovna in what is now Kostanay District in Kazakhstan. In 1931-2 he lived in Terensai Stantsii, now in the

title: Ivan Pavlov (lawyer)

text: St. Petersburg Ivan Pavlov served as a defending attorney for Sakhib Aliyev, chief accountant and one of the five members of the St.-Petersburg Scientologist Church, accused of illegal business practices and religious extremism. Pavlov is sure that “the case of Scientologists is a shameful page in the new history of Russian justice” since he believes that “they persecute them for their faith, trying to consider them extremists” and that “FSB already tries to dictate to the public what gods they may or may not worship”. The Igor Baranov case In 2013, Pavlov achieved termination of the criminal persecution of Igor

title: Ivan Pavlov (lawyer)

text: Memorial Research Center (St.-Petersburg, Russia). Ivan Pavlov defended Mikhail Suprun, a historian accused of privacy abuse in 2009 for preparing a memory book of Soviet political repression victims. In January 2014, the European Court for Human Rights started communicating with the Government of the Russian Federation upon the application from Suprun and Pavlov. In St. Petersburg there is a company whose employees are paid for aggressive pro-governmental posts and comments in the Internet. Lyudmila Savchuk, a former employee of that "troll-factory", sought to disclose its activities and filed a claim in court for labor violations. Ivan Pavlov represented Ms. Savchuk,

title: Ivan Pavlov (lawyer)

text: of lawyers, journalists, and civil activists. In 2015, Ivan Pavlov became leader of the Team 29, an informal association of lawyers and journalists. After suspension of the FIF activities, some of its team (lawyers and journalists), led by Pavlov, continued working in a new format. Since February 2015, the Team 29 protects citizens’ rights to information in courts and performs public outreach activities, publishing materials on governmental closeness and legal advice for citizens at the Team 29 website. In 2006, Ivan Pavlov initiated a court case that resulted in a judicial obligation for the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and

title: Ivan Pavlov (lawyer)

text: University, and was admitted to the Russian defense bar. Pavlov received his Candidate of Law Science degree (Ph.D.) in 2009 from the Institute of State and Law, Russian Academy of Sciences. From 1998-2004, Ivan Pavlov headed the Environmental Human Rights Center "Bellona" (St.-Petersburg, Russia). In 2004, Ivan Pavlov founded the Foundation “Institute for Information Freedom Development”, or Freedom of Information Foundation (FIF). For ten years, FIF rendered legal assistance to citizens and organizations, defending their rights to information access. FIF specialists also audited government bodies' official websites for compliance with actual FOI legislation requirements. In 2014, FIF was included in

title: Ivan Pavlov (lawyer)

text: Ivan Pavlov (lawyer) Ivan Y. Pavlov ("Иван Юрьевич Павлов", born 1971 in St. Petersburg, Soviet Union) is a Russian lawyer and open government activist. Participated in development of the Russian federal and regional freedom of information legislation. Specializes in protecting the right to access to governmental information in Russia, and defending citizens from ungrounded accusations of disclosing state secrets, high treason, and espionage. Also focuses on raising public awareness regarding the need for modern legislation on state secrets and the use of current legislation as a means of repression. In 1997, Pavlov received his J.D. degree from St. Petersburg State

title: Ivan Pavlov (aviator)

text: his memory, and a street in the town was also named in his honour. His name is eternally included in the active service list (an honour often extended to former Heroes of the Soviet Union who died whilst on active duty) and is thus inscribed in gold in the Central Armed Forces Museum in Moscow. Two educational institutions in Moscow and a school in his home village of Boris-Romanovna are also named after Pavlov and host exhibitions devoted to his memory. Ivan Pavlov (aviator) Ivan Fomich Pavlov (June 25, 1922 - October 12, 1950) was a Russian aviator of the

title: Ivan Pavlov (figure skater)

text: "CS: Challenger Series; JGP: Junior Grand Prix" Ivan Pavlov (figure skater) Ivan Volodymyrovych Pavlov (, born 26 September 1998) is a Ukrainian figure skater. He is the 2015 European Youth Olympic champion, 2014 NRW Trophy silver medalist, and a two-time Ukrainian national champion. He has competed in the final segment at seven ISU Championships and finished within the top eight at the 2018 World Junior Championships. Pavlov began learning to skate in 2003. He competed on the novice level in the 2010–2011 and 2011–2012 seasons. Coached by Maryna Amirkhanova, Pavlov debuted on the ISU Junior Grand Prix (JGP) series. He

title: Ivan Pavlov (figure skater)

text: Ivan Pavlov (figure skater) Ivan Volodymyrovych Pavlov (, born 26 September 1998) is a Ukrainian figure skater. He is the 2015 European Youth Olympic champion, 2014 NRW Trophy silver medalist, and a two-time Ukrainian national champion. He has competed in the final segment at seven ISU Championships and finished within the top eight at the 2018 World Junior Championships. Pavlov began learning to skate in 2003. He competed on the novice level in the 2010–2011 and 2011–2012 seasons. Coached by Maryna Amirkhanova, Pavlov debuted on the ISU Junior Grand Prix (JGP) series. He placed eighth at his JGP assignments in

title: Ivan Pavlov (film)

text: The young doctor Ivan Pavlov wants to live life "honorably and humanely." The path of the scientist is difficult and thorny. The treasury department does not release funds for research nor give access to animals for experimental use and Pavlov has to buy them on his own savings. The experiments follow one another. Pavlov is pursuing his goal with passion and force. For his work on the physiology of digestion he is awarded the Nobel Prize. Pavlov paves the way for objective studies of brain function in higher animals. Zvantsev, the assistant of Pavlov is an idealist who has become

title: Ivan Pavlov

text: his death. Pavlov was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1904. He was elected a Foreign Member of the Royal Society (ForMemRS) in 1907 and was awarded the Royal Society's Copley Medal in 1915. He became a foreign member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1907. Pavlov's dog, the Pavlovian session and Pavlov's typology are named in his honour. The asteroid 1007 Pawlowia and the lunar crater "Pavlov" were also named after him. Ivan Pavlov married Seraphima Vasilievna Karchevskaya on 1 May 1881, whom he had met in 1878 or 1879 when she

title: Ivan Pavlov (lawyer)

text: of evidence: a blank protocol of victim familiarization with the case materials, signed by Judge Irina Kerro but neither filled nor dated, was found in the case files. The Memorial human rights center recognized Eivazov a political prisoner, and Amnesty International, a prisoner of conscience. In 2015, Ivan Pavlov received the Moscow Helsinki Group Award for defending human rights in court. In March 2018, he received the Alison Des Forges Award for Extraordinary Activism, awarded by the Human Rights Watch to activists who put their lives on the line to protect the dignity and rights of others. Ivan Pavlov (lawyer)

title: Ivan Pavlov (lawyer)

text: and 1 month. All three women were released. On March 16, 2018, Ivan Pavlov informed on entrance of the case of Petr Parpulov, an ex-flight dispatcher from Sochi convicted by the Krasnodar Territorial Court. Parpulov was convicted to 12 years of imprisonment in a maximum security penal colony in January 2016 for high treason (Article 275 of the Criminal Code of Russia). On March 12, Parpulov's family was notified that he was denied of pardon. The Regional Press Institute case Ivan Pavlov represented in court interests of the Regional Press Institute contesting fine imposed for the refusal to self-register as

title: Ivan Pavlov

text: was one of the first scientists to demonstrate the relationship between environmental stimuli and behavioral responses. Pavlov systematically presented and withdrew stimuli to determine the antecedents that were eliciting responses, which is similar to the ways in which educational professionals conduct functional behavior assessments. Antecedent strategies are supported by empirical evidence to operate implicitly within classroom environments. Antecedent-based interventions are supported by research to be preventative, and to produce immediate reductions in problem behaviors. The concept for which Pavlov is famous is the "conditioned reflex" (or in his own words the "conditional reflex") he developed jointly with his assistant Ivan

title: Cyril Pavlov

text: with one's own sinful inclinations, one's own vices, removing from one's soul all what is evil, bad, viceful as no one knows neither day or time of Christ coming. Cyril Pavlov Cyril Pavlov, elder Cyril (in Russian: Кирилл Павлов; 8 September 1919 – 20 February 2017), in life: Ivan Dmitrievich Pavlov, was a Russian Orthodox Christian mystic, elder, wonder-worker and Archimandrite, who was confessor to Patriarch Alexy II. He was also confessor to the previous patriarchs Alexy I and Pimen. Ivan Dmitrievich Pavlov was born 8 September 1919 in Makovskiye Vyselki, Ryazan Oblast, to a peasant family. After finishing the

title: Ivan Pavlov

text: did not win the prize until 1904 because his previous nominations were not specific to any discovery, but based on a variety of laboratory findings. When Pavlov received the Nobel Prize it was specified that he did so "in recognition of his work on the physiology of digestion, through which knowledge on vital aspects of the subject has been transformed and enlarged". It was at the Institute of Experimental Medicine that Pavlov carried out his classical experiments on the digestive glands. That is how he eventually won the Nobel prize mentioned above. Pavlov investigated the gastric function of dogs, and

title: Ivan Pavlov (lawyer)

text: Metrology (Rostechregulirovanie, its brief name was then) to publish texts of national standards online. Before that, the wide public could get access to the standards only for fee. FIF lawyers won their victory in the first court instance in February 2006. The Rostechregulirovanie filed a cassation appeal. Its hearing was scheduled for May 23, 2006, but the federal agency's officials did not attend the court then. The hearing session was adjourned up to June 8. Meanwhile, on May 31, 2006, Ivan Pavlov was assaulted and taken off to hospital with head injuries. Since the assaulters took none of his personal

title: Ivan Pavlov (lawyer)

text: requests so that the Team 29 and Wallenberg's family members sued the FSB. On September 18, 2017, the Meschansky district court of Moscow rejected the family's claim. On February 20, 2018, the Moscow City Court let stand the decision of the Meschansky district court. Pavlov stated that he was planning to file a cassation appeal and then “direct way to the European Court for Human Rights is opened”. The case on search of the Memorial Research Center In 2009, Ivan Pavlov managed to achieve a court decision considering unlawful the search that had been performed by investigative bodies in the

title: Ivan Pavlov (lawyer)

text: the state register of "foreign agent" NGOs. After a series of court hearings when Ivan Pavlov and other lawyers of the FIF contested the "foreign agent" status, the Freedom of Information Foundation formally suspended its activities. However, the work has not ceased. Several ex-FIF staff members, leading by Pavlov, are now joined by Team 29, the only Russian non-governmental initiative performing professional defense of the citizens’ right to freely look for, receive, transmit, produce, and distribute information by legal means. Team 29 is working in a new format for Russia without creating a legal entity – as a free partnership

title: Ivan Pavlov

text: had found "three additional references to Pavlov's use of a bell that strongly challenge Littman's argument". In reply, Littman suggested that Catania's recollection, that Pavlov did not use a bell in research, was "convincing ... and correct". In 1964 the eminent psychologist H. J. Eysenck reviewed Pavlov's "Lectures on Conditioned Reflexes" for the "British Medical Journal": Volume I – "Twenty-five Years of Objective Study of the Higher Nervous Activity of Animals", Volume II – "Conditioned Reflexes and Psychiatry". The Pavlov Institute of Physiology of the Russian Academy of Sciences was founded by Pavlov in 1925 and named after him following

title: Ivan Pavlov

text: overcoming the problem of maintaining the external nerve supply. The exteriorized section became known as the Heidenhain or Pavlov pouch. In 1886, Pavlov returned to Russia to look for a new position. His application for the chair of physiology at the University of Saint Petersburg was rejected. Eventually, Pavlov was offered the chair of pharmacology at Tomsk University in Siberia and at the University of Warsaw in Poland. He did not take up either post. In 1890, he was appointed the role of professor of Pharmacology at the Military Medical Academy and occupied the position for five years. In 1891,

title: Ivan Pavlov

text: a village Russian orthodox priest. His mother, Varvara Ivanovna Uspenskaya (1826–1890), was a devoted homemaker. As a child, Pavlov willingly participated in house duties such as doing the dishes and taking care of his siblings. He loved to garden, ride his bicycle, row, swim, and play gorodki; he devoted his summer vacations to these activities. Although able to read by the age of seven, Pavlov was seriously injured when he fell from a high wall onto a stone pavement. As a result of the injuries he sustained he did not begin formal schooling until he was 11 years old. Pavlov

title: Ivan Pavlov

text: which he regarded Soviet Communism. In 1923, he stated that he would not sacrifice even the hind leg of a frog to the type of social experiment that the regime was conducting in Russia. Four years later he wrote to Stalin, protesting at what was being done to Russian intellectuals and saying he was ashamed to be a Russian. After the murder of Sergei Kirov in 1934, Pavlov wrote several letters to Molotov criticizing the mass persecutions which followed and asking for the reconsideration of cases pertaining to several people he knew personally. Conscious until his very last moment, Pavlov

title: Cyril Pavlov

text: Cyril Pavlov Cyril Pavlov, elder Cyril (in Russian: Кирилл Павлов; 8 September 1919 – 20 February 2017), in life: Ivan Dmitrievich Pavlov, was a Russian Orthodox Christian mystic, elder, wonder-worker and Archimandrite, who was confessor to Patriarch Alexy II. He was also confessor to the previous patriarchs Alexy I and Pimen. Ivan Dmitrievich Pavlov was born 8 September 1919 in Makovskiye Vyselki, Ryazan Oblast, to a peasant family. After finishing the polytechnical college he worked as a technician at a metallurgic plant. Pavlov served in the military during World War II, active for six years, starting in the Soviet-Finnish War;

title: Ivan Pavlov

text: Pavlov was invited to the Imperial Institute of Experimental Medicine in St. Petersburg to organize and direct the Department of Physiology. Over a 45-year period, under his direction, the Institute became one of the most important centers of physiological research in the world. Pavlov continued to direct the Department of Physiology at the Institute, while taking up the chair of physiology at the Medical Military Academy in 1895. Pavlov would head the physiology department at the Academy continuously for three decades. Starting in 1901, Pavlov was nominated over four successive years for the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. He

title: Ivan Pavlov

text: to the Imperial Academy of Medical Surgery. While at the Academy, Pavlov became an assistant to his former teacher, Elias von Cyon. He left the department when de Cyon was replaced by another instructor. After some time, Pavlov obtained a position as a laboratory assistant to Konstantin Nikolaevich Ustimovich at the physiological department of the Veterinary Institute. For two years, Pavlov investigated the circulatory system for his medical dissertation. In 1878, Professor S. P. Botkin, a famous Russian clinician, invited the gifted young physiologist to work in the physiological laboratory as the clinic's chief. In 1879, Pavlov graduated from the

title: Ivan Pavlov (lawyer)

text: and the defendant "troll-factory" agreed to pay Savchuk her withheld salaries and to restore her labor rights. The Aleksandr Eivazov case Ivan Pavlov is defending Aleksandr Eivazov, former judicial session secretary in the Oktyabrsky district court of St.-Petersburg who told publicly of law violations in the court. Eivazov took the position of judicial session secretary in the Oktyabrsky district court of St.-Petersburg in October 2016. According to his own words, he regularly met law violations (e.g. by judges) in the court. In December 2016, he left the job and submitted to the Ministry for Interior, to the Investigative Committee, to

title: Ivan Pavlov (lawyer)

text: Baranov, Professor of the Baltic State Technical University (St.-Petersburg, Russia), accused of “an attempt to cross the state border with materials that can be used for production of massive weapons” (the material in question was Baranov's paper report for an international research conference). The Raoul Wallenberg case Ivan Pavlov and the Team 29 represent in courts interests of the family of Raoul Wallenberg, Swedish diplomat who saved tens of thousands of Jews from the Holocaust during the World War II. In 1945, Soviet troops entered Budapest and Wallenberg was arrested by SMERSH officers. In 1957, the Soviet government confirmed the

title: Ivan Pavlov (lawyer)

text: a “foreign agent” NGO and of its Director, Anna Sharogradskaya, when they planned to initiate a criminal case for extremism against her. As a result, the Investigative Committee of Russia refused to initiate a criminal case against Sharogradskaya and the Supreme Court of Russia cancelled the lower-instance court decision on the fine for the Regional Press Institute. The Natalia Sharina case Ivan Pavlov defended Natalia Sharina, ex-Director of the Library for Ukrainian Literature in Moscow, accused of distribution of extremist literature through the library (Article 282 of the Criminal Code of Russia, part 2) and of misspending of money spent

title: Ivan Pavlov (lawyer)

text: the Moscow City Court sentenced Evgeny to a minimal term of 12 years. Had he been really guilty, they should have punished him to the full extent. The court decision on a minimal term shows that it wend hard with the prosecution”. The Sochi cases In December 2016, Ivan Pavlov told about his new case in an interview for the Meduza. He then started defending Oksana Sevastidi sentenced by the Krasnodar Territorial Court to seven years of imprisonment in March 2016 for high treason. It was in 2008, before the military conflict in Abkhazia and South Ossetia, that Sevastidi saw

title: Ivan Pavlov (lawyer)

text: Directorate in 2005 and had a foreign travel passport since 2011. The FSB public relations center informed that the case was initiated because Kravtsov had been supposed some information on Russian space intelligence activities to email to the radio engineering center of the Swedish ministry for defense. Kravtsov's wife, meanwhile, stated that he submitted a job resume to a Swedish organization and it was rejected since he was not a Swedish citizen. Kravtsov's defense team states that the resume contained no information comprising state secret. As Kravtsov's defending attorney, Ivan Pavlov stated that the defense never denied the mere fact

title: Ivan Pavlov (lawyer)

text: she was arrested by a FSB operational group. On February 1, 2015, Davydova dismissed her assigned counsel and replaced him to Ivan Pavlov and Sergey Badamshin. After entrance of independent defending attorneys in her case, she withdrew her previous testimony, explaining that she had made it under pressure. On March 13, 2015, Davydova's attorneys informed that the criminal case against her was terminated due to absence of crime. The Gennady Kravtsov case In May 2014, Gennady Kravtsov, ex-officer of the Main Intelligence Directorate, was detained in Moscow upon suspicion of high treason. He left the service in the Main Intelligence

title: Ivan Pavlov (lawyer)

text: military court of the Pacific Fleet found Pasko guilty of high treason in the form of espionage and sentenced him to four years of imprisonment. Having stayed in a penal colony for more than half a year, Pasko was released on parole. Ivan Pavlov rendered legal defense to Svetlana Davydova, a mother of many children, who had been accused of high treason for a phone call to the Ukrainian embassy. Davydova became the very first one accused in accordance with the new provisions of the Article 275 (approved in 2012) stating that any assistance to a foreign state or organization,

title: Ivan Pavlov (lawyer)

text: to security bodies’ secret archives, or state secret disclosure. According to statistical data of the Judicial Department under the Supreme Court of Russia, during the period from 2010 to the first half of 2017, sentences were given for 57 cases on Article 275 of the Criminal Code of Russia (high treason), 11 cases on Article 206 (espionage), and 137 cases on Article 283 (state secret disclosure). Zoya Svetova, a Russian human rights journalist, defines the current state of affairs as immersion of Russia by “spy mania”. Ivan Pavlov defended Alexander Nikitin, an environmentalist accused of high treason for having prepared

title: Ivan Pavlov (lawyer)

text: Putin had exceeded his powers by classifying information about military losses (Russia's Constitution clearly states that the constitutional right to freely seek, receive and circulate information can only be restricted by federal law). On August 13, 2015, the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation has ruled that the Decree is legal. The ruling gives the grounds to apply to the Constitutional Court and force a proper assessment of how information in Russia is classified as state secret. For more than 20 years, Ivan Pavlov has been defending rights of citizens charged by state security bodies of high treason, unlawful access

title: Ivan Pavlov

text: asked one of his students to sit beside his bed and to record the circumstances of his dying. He wanted to create unique evidence of subjective experiences of this terminal phase of life. Pavlov died of double pneumonia at the age of 86. He was given a grandiose funeral, and his study and laboratory were preserved as a museum in his honour. Pavlov contributed to many areas of physiology and neurological sciences. Most of his work involved research in temperament, conditioning and involuntary reflex actions. Pavlov performed and directed experiments on digestion, eventually publishing "The Work of the Digestive Glands"

title: Ivan Pavlov

text: of his genius to scientific investigation". That same year, Pavlov began holding laboratory meetings known as the 'Wednesday meetings' at which he spoke frankly on many topics, including his views on psychology. These meetings lasted until he died in 1936. Pavlov was highly regarded by the Soviet government, and he was able to continue his research until he reached a considerable age. He was praised by Lenin. Despite praise from the Soviet Union government, the money that poured in to support his laboratory, and the honours he was given, Pavlov made no attempts to conceal the disapproval and contempt with

title: Ivan Pavlov

text: in the activity of circulatory organs. He was inspired to forsake his Orthodox Christian background and pursue a scientific career by D. I. Pisarev, a literary critique and natural science advocate of the time and I. M. Sechenov, a Russian physiologist, whom Pavlov described as 'The father of physiology'. After completing his doctorate, Pavlov went to Germany where he studied in Leipzig with Carl Ludwig and Eimear Kelly in the Heidenhain laboratories in Breslau. He remained there from 1884 to 1886. Heidenhain was studying digestion in dogs, using an exteriorized section of the stomach. However, Pavlov perfected the technique by

title: Ivan Pavlov

text: later, children, by externalizing a salivary gland so he could collect, measure, and analyze the saliva and what response it had to food under different conditions. He noticed that the dogs tended to salivate before food was actually delivered to their mouths, and set out to investigate this "psychic secretion", as he called it. Pavlov’s laboratory housed a full-scale kennel for the experimental animals. Pavlov was interested in observing their long-term physiological processes. This required keeping them alive and healthy in order to conduct chronic experiments, as he called them. These were experiments over time, designed to understand the normal

title: Ivan Pavlov (aviator)

text: of the Hero of the Soviet Union award and the Order of Lenin in February 1944. When the news of the award reached his home area a collection was organised and funds were raised for the completion of four shturmovik aircraft, one of which was presented to Pavlov himself. The aircraft bore the inscription: ""To our compatriot Hero of the Soviet Union I. Pavlov - from the workers of Kostanay"" Pavlov had completed another 77 sorties by October 1944, and was consequently awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union for a second time. Altogether during the war he

title: Ivan Pavlov

text: a large degree in Thomas Pynchon's "Gravity's Rainbow". It is popularly believed that Pavlov always signaled the occurrence of food by ringing a bell. However, his writings record the use of a wide variety of stimuli, including electric shocks, whistles, metronomes, tuning forks, and a range of visual stimuli, in addition to the ring of a bell. In 1994, Catania cast doubt on whether Pavlov ever actually used a bell in his experiments. Littman tentatively attributed the popular imagery to Pavlov’s contemporaries Vladimir Mikhailovich Bekhterev and John B. Watson. Roger K. Thomas, of the University of Georgia, however, said they

title: Ivan Pavlov

text: functions of animals. This was a new kind of study, because previously experiments had been “acute,” meaning that the dog went through vivisection which ultimately killed the animal in the process. A 1921 article by S. Morgulis in the journal "Science" was critical of Pavlov's work, raising concerns about the environment in which these experiments had been performed. Based on a report from H. G. Wells, claiming that Pavlov grew potatoes and carrots in his lab, the article stated, "It is gratifying to be assured that Professor Pavlov is raising potatoes only as a pastime and still gives the best

title: Ivan Pavlov

text: Medical Military Academy with a gold medal award for his research work. After a competitive examination, Pavlov won a fellowship at the Academy for postgraduate work. The fellowship and his position as director of the Physiological Laboratory at Botkin's clinic enabled Pavlov to continue his research work. In 1883, he presented his doctor's thesis on the subject of "The centrifugal nerves of the heart" and posited the idea of "nervism" and the basic principles on the trophic function of the nervous system. Additionally, his collaboration with the Botkin Clinic produced evidence of a basic pattern in the regulation of reflexes

title: Ivan Pavlov

text: attended the Ryazan church school before entering the local theological seminary. In 1870, however, he left the seminary without graduating in order to attend the university at St. Petersburg. There he enrolled in the physics and math department and took natural science courses. In his fourth year, his first research project on the physiology of the nerves of the pancreas won him a prestigious university award. In 1875, Pavlov completed his course with an outstanding record and received the degree of Candidate of Natural Sciences. Impelled by his overwhelming interest in physiology, Pavlov decided to continue his studies and proceeded

title: Valentin Pavlov

text: for the rouble against the American dollar on the Soviet black market. In 1993 he proudly admitted that during his tenure as Minister of Finance, and later Prime Minister, he had deceived several Western banks and creditors by lying about the Soviet Union's gold reserves. In 1989, Pavlov gathered together enough information on the errors and omissions of Ivan Silayev, the future Soviet Premier and Russian SFSR Premier, to weaken his position as Deputy Premier. Silayev never forgave Pavlov and relations between the two grew even more icy when Pavlov became Soviet Premier. Following the resignation of Nikolai Ryzhkov and

title: Ivan Pavlov (figure skater)

text: by Amirkhanova until the end of the season. Dmytro Shkidchenko began coaching Pavlov in the 2015–2016 season. Starting his season on the JGP series, Pavlov finished 8th in Bratislava, Slovakia, before winning a bronze medal in Linz, Austria. He then appeared on the senior level, placing 7th at the International Cup of Nice and 5th at his first ISU Challenger Series (CS) event, the 2015 Tallinn Trophy. In December 2015, he placed first in both segments at the Ukrainian Championships and outscored Paniot for the gold medal by 7.42 points. Pavlov made his senior ISU Championship debut in January 2016

title: Ivan Pavlov (figure skater)

text: France and Turkey and then won junior titles at the Bavarian Open and Ukrainian Junior Championships. Ukraine selected him to compete at the 2013 World Junior Championships in Milan, Italy; he would qualify to the free skate and finish 20th overall. Pavlov finished eighth and seventh respectively at his JGP assignments in Slovakia and Estonia. After taking the junior silver medal at the 2013 Cup of Nice, he became the Ukrainian national senior bronze medalist. Pavlov was assigned to his second World Junior Championships. He ranked 16th in both segments and finished 15th overall. During the 2014 JGP series, Pavlov

title: Ivan Pavlov (lawyer)

text: according to his brother, neither the Russian Orthodox Church nor the FSB had been interested in that so that “they decided to discredit Evgeny, to make him a traitor”. On June 14, 2016, Petrin was sentenced to 12 years of imprisonment in a maximum security penal colony and to a fine of 200 thousand rubles for espionage in favor of the US. Pavlov, as Petrin's defending attorney, says that Petrin was “coerced” into confession. Pavlov assesses Petrin's sentence as “a compromise between severity of accusation and failure of evidence”: “The prosecutor demanded a cruel punishment, 19 years of imprisonment, and

title: Ivan Pavlov (lawyer)

text: belongings, Pavlov links the assault with his professional activities, namely with the case on open online access to national standards. The criminal case was initiated but the criminals are not yet found. In 2015 lawyers of the Team 29, led by Pavlov, prepared a claim against President Putin's Decree classifying information on military personnel losses within special operations in the time of peace. The claim is supported by well-known human rights activists and journalists also realizing that the Decree will help the state authorities to suppress and attempts to cover the situation at the Ukrainian South-East. The applicants argued that

title: Valentin Pavlov

text: negotiations and he promised to tell Gorbachev about the vote. In his place stood Ivan Laptev, a pro-Gorbachev reformer, who did not trust Lukyanov and tried to stall the vote by demanding a statement from the KGB, Ministry of the Interior and the Ministry of Defence. According to Laptev, the mood was such that if a vote had been taken Pavlov would have won. At the time, both the Soviet secret police and the military establishment in general wanted to strengthen the authority of the Soviet Government and so they too supported Pavlov's program. Soyuz, through a vote, was able

title: Valentin Pavlov

text: Union to the Prime Minister and the Cabinet of Ministers. When that failed, he joined a plot to oust Gorbachev. In August, he participated in the 1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt, which tried to prevent the disintegration of the Soviet Union. Pavlov was arrested for his involvement in the coup and went on to work in the banking sector in post-Soviet Russia. He was succeeded as premier by Ivan Silayev. Born in Moscow on 27 September 1937, Pavlov graduated from the Moscow Finance Institute in 1958. He started his "nomenklatura" (bureaucratic) career as a government economist; he started working for

title: Cyril Pavlov

text: the Moscow Theological Academy and in 1953 took postrig becoming a monk, refusing the glory and awards. He completed the academy in 1954, by now not Ivan Dmitrievich Pavlov but hieromonk Cyril. Father Cyril lived at Trinity-Sergius lavra and became brotherly spiritual guide to the monks. Until his death father Cyril lived in Peredelkino, in the residence of the Holy Patriarch of all Russia Aleksy II. Archimandrite Cyril died on 20 February 2017 at the age of 97. Pavlov encouraged people to work on perfecting themselves, studying, working on themselves as long as Lord gives time one needs to fight

title: Ivan the Russian

text: in the final years of Tsar Michael Shishman's reign and the rule of Ivan Stephen is uncertain, as he is not mentioned in the sources pertaining to that period. His high-ranking position nevertheless leads Pavlov to conjecture that Ivan took part in the Battle of Velbazhd of 28 July 1330, a Serbian victory over Bulgaria that paved the way to the Serbian dominance of the Balkans in the mid-14th century. Michael Shishman was killed in the battle and succeeded by his son Ivan Stephen (1330–1331). Pavlov believes that Ivan the Russian was among the Bulgarian nobles that ousted the weak

title: Ivan Pavlov (figure skater)

text: free, winning gold by a margin of 0.87 over Paniot. Pavlov was assigned to two senior-level ISU Championships and qualified to the final segment at the first, the 2017 European Championships in Ostrava, Czech Republic; he placed 15th in the short program, 14th in the free skate, and 14th overall. At the 2017 World Championships in Helsinki, Finland, he placed 25th in the short program, scoring 0.06 less than the final skater who qualified to the free skate. He trained with Shkidchenko until the end of the season. During the 2017–2018 season, Pavlov was coached by Amirkhanova. In December, he

title: Mikhail Pavlov (scientist)

text: The most popular university lecturer of the period, Professor Pavlov, was master of ceremonies, greeting students at the door of his lecture hall with his famous question: "You want to know about nature, but what is nature and what is knowledge?" Mikhail Pavlov (scientist) Mikhail Grigoryevich Pavlov (Russian Михаил Григорьевич Павлов) ( – ) was a Russian academic, largely responsible for spreading the philosophical ideas of the "Naturphilosophie" of Schelling in Russia. He was a professor at Moscow University. He graduated from Moscow University in 1815. After a doctorate in medicine, and two years travelling in Europe to study science,

title: Ivan Pavlov

text: went to St. Petersburg to study at the Pedagogical Institute. Seraphima, called Sara for short, was born in 1855. In her later years, she suffered from ill health and died in 1947. The first nine years of their marriage were marred by financial problems; Pavlov and his wife often had to stay with others in order to have a home, and for a time, the two lived apart so that they could find hospitality. Although their poverty caused despair, material welfare was a secondary consideration. Sara's first pregnancy ended in a miscarriage. When she conceived again, the couple took precautions,

title: Ivan Pavlov

text: Filippovitch Tolochinov in 1901. He had come to learn this concept of conditioned reflex when examining the rates of salivations among dogs. Pavlov had learned that when a buzzer or metronome was sounded in subsequent time with food being presented to the dog in consecutive sequences, the dog would initially salivate when the food was presented. The dog would later come to associate the sound with the presentation of the food and salivate upon the presentation of that stimulus. Tolochinov, whose own term for the phenomenon had been "reflex at a distance", communicated the results at the Congress of Natural

title: Ivan Pavlov

text: to "the strong and impetuous type, the strong equilibrated and quiet type, the strong equilibrated and lively type, and the weak type." Pavlov and his researchers observed and began the study of transmarginal inhibition (TMI), the body's natural response of shutting down when exposed to overwhelming stress or pain by electric shock. This research showed how all temperament types responded to the stimuli the same way, but different temperaments move through the responses at different times. He commented "that the most basic inherited difference ... was how soon they reached this shutdown point and that the quick-to-shut-down have a fundamentally

title: Ivan Pavlov

text: in 1897, after 12 years of research. His experiments earned him the 1904 Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine. These experiments included surgically extracting portions of the digestive system from animals, severing nerve bundles to determine the effects, and implanting fistulas between digestive organs and an external pouch to examine the organ's contents. This research served as a base for broad research on the digestive system. Further work on reflex actions involved involuntary reactions to stress and pain. Pavlov extended the definitions of the four temperament types under study at the time: phlegmatic, choleric, sanguine, and melancholic, updating the names

title: Nikolay Pavlov (footballer)

text: Nikolay Pavlov (footballer) Nikolay Pavlov (; born 12 November 1987 in Plovdiv) is a Bulgarian footballer who plays as a midfielder and forward. Born in Plovdiv, Pavlov started his career with local side Spartak Plovdiv. Because of his good displays he caught eye of Lokomotiv Sofia scouts and signed for the club in June 2007 for fee of 50 000 € together with Ivaylo Dimitrov and Rumen Tinkov. After a match in UEFA Cup qualification against Borac Cacak on August 14, 2008, Pavlov was tested positive for testosterone. Although he was substitute who did not play in that match, he

title: Ivan Pavlov (lawyer)

text: of resume submission but argued against the statement that the resume had contained any information comprising state secret. On September 21, 2015, the Moscow City Court sentenced Kravtsov to 14 years of imprisonment in a maximum security penal colony. On February 4, 2016, the Supreme Court of Russia revised Kravtsov's sentence and reduced his imprisonment term to 6 years. The Evgeny Petrin case Pavlov represented interests of Evgeny Petrin who had worked in the Moscow Patriarchy department of external church relations and was detained in June 2014 upon accusation of high treason. According to the investigation, Petrin had provided to

title: Ivan Pavlov (lawyer)

text: a research report The Northern Fleet: A Potential Radioactive Contamination Threat for the Region. Nikitin was detained from February to December 1996; his case was widely covered by media, NGOs, and political organizations of Russia and Europe[17]. Amnesty International recognized Nikitin as a prisoner of conscience. In 1998, the court sent back the case for further investigation[19]. In 2000, Nikitin was fully acquitted by the Supreme Court of Russia. Pavlov also represented in court interests of Grigory Pasko, a military journalist arrested in 1997 and accused of high treason (Article 275). They said that when the journalist had been going

title: Oleg Pavlov

text: be released from the army before the end of the mandatory two-year military service. He went on to study at the Institute of Literature in Moscow. He was only 24 years old when his first novel, "Captain of the Steppe", was published, receiving praise not only from critics but also from the jury of the Russian Booker Prize, which shortlisted the novel for the 1995 award. Pavlov went on to win the Prize in 2002 with his next book, the second novel in what would become the trilogy "Tales from the Last Days". Pavlov was also the author of articles

title: Ivan the Russian

text: Jireček, a prominent researcher of Bulgarian history, assesses Ivan as “the most clear-cut figure of a Bulgarian military leader” of that age. In the eyes of Pavlov, despite his foreign origin Ivan the Russian was not considered an emigrant or a mercenary by the Bulgarian nobility and the emperor, but rather a trusted commander and one of their own. Ivan the Russian Ivan the Russian (, "Ivan Rusina"; ) (fl. 1288/1323–1332) was a 14th-century Bulgarian military leader of Russian origin who served Bulgarian tsars Michael Shishman and Ivan Alexander. Prior to joining the armed forces of the Second Bulgarian Empire,

title: Ivan Hrynokh

text: Ivan Hrynokh Ivan Hrynokh (December 28, 1907- October 14, 1994 ) Other spellings (Iwan - Hryn'okh, Hrinjoch, Grinokh, Grin'okh, Grinioh) Pseudonyms - Professor Danyliv, Professor Prister, Herasymovsky, Vsevolod, Kovalenko, Kostetsky, Orlov. Father Dr. Ivan Hrynokh was a Ukrainian Greek-Catholic priest and Ukrainian community activist. Born in the village of Pavlov near Lviv to Mykhailo and Anastiya Hrynokh on December 29, 1907, his parents emigrated to the United States in 1909 and settled in Philadelphia where his brother Stepan was born in 1911. The family returned to their home village in 1911. Ivan received his high school education in Lviv and

title: Yevhen Pavlov

text: Serbia by signing a permanent contract for SuperLiga club Mladost Lučani. He made 10 league appearances and scored two goals until the end of the 2014–15 season. On 18 August 2015 Pavlov signed a three-year deal with Hungarian club Vasas. Pavlov represented his country at all youth international levels from Under-16 to Under-21. Yevhen Pavlov Yevhen Stepanovych Pavlov (Ukrainian: Євген Степанович Павлов), Yevgeny Stepanovich Pavlov (Russian: Евгений Степанович Павлов; born 12 March 1991) is a Ukrainian professional footballer who plays as a striker for Cypriot club Doxa Katokopias. Pavlov came through the youth system of Volyn Lutsk. He scored on

title: Pavlov (crater)

text: leading to the northwest of this satellite, culminating in a teardrop-shaped crater to the east of the midpoint of Pavlov. There are also small, cup-shaped craters along the southeastern and northwestern edges of the floor. Where it is not marked by tiny craters, the interior floor of Pavlov is relatively flat and level. By convention these features are identified on lunar maps by placing the letter on the side of the crater midpoint that is closest to Pavlov. Pavlov (crater) Pavlov is a lunar impact crater on the far side of the Moon, approximately 143 kilometers in diameter. Located just

title: Yevhen Pavlov

text: Yevhen Pavlov Yevhen Stepanovych Pavlov (Ukrainian: Євген Степанович Павлов), Yevgeny Stepanovich Pavlov (Russian: Евгений Степанович Павлов; born 12 March 1991) is a Ukrainian professional footballer who plays as a striker for Cypriot club Doxa Katokopias. Pavlov came through the youth system of Volyn Lutsk. He scored on his first team debut after coming on as a second-half substitute in a 2–1 home win over Obolon Kyiv on 20 March 2007, aged 16. Pavlov had his highest goalscoring tally in the 2009–10 season, netting 11 goals in 19 league appearances, as the club won promotion to the Ukrainian Premier League. He

title: Tomislav Pavlov

text: later in a 1–0 friendly win against Pirin Gotse Delchev. After the match Pavlov signed a -year contract with the club. On 11 August 2017, Pavlov signed with CSKA 1948. Tomislav Pavlov Pavlov began his career at CSKA Sofia. At the age of 15 he was scouted by Scottish side Celtic whom he signed for in March 2007 after a trial. After spending two years of his career in Celtic youth team, on 2 August 2009, he returned to his old club, despite an offer from the Glasgow side. Pavlov played six months for the reserve squad of CSKA, before

title: Ivan the Russian

text: successful Byzantine siege of the city. In 1328, he was involved in a failed Bulgarian attempt to capture the Byzantine capital Constantinople from within. Probably taking part in the turbulent events that surrounded and followed Michael Shishman's death, Ivan the Russian was last mentioned as a representative of Ivan Alexander in 1332. Bulgarian historian Plamen Pavlov conjectures that Ivan the Russian was a Ruthenian born in the Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia (centred on modern western Ukraine), a hypothesis based only on his ties to Hungary, the western neighbour of Galicia–Volhynia. Hungarian sources from 1288 make notice of one Russian named Ivan

title: Ivan Pavlov (figure skater)

text: finished second to Paniot at the Ukrainian Championships. In March, he competed at the 2018 World Junior Championships in Sofia, Bulgaria; he placed fourth in the short program, eighth in the free skate with a personal best score, and eighth overall. His placement allows Ukraine to send two entries to the next edition of the event. Pavlov finished 29th at the 2018 World Championships in Milan, Italy. On 28 May 2018, the Ukrainian Figure Skating Federation announced that he had teamed up with Sofiya Holichenko to compete in pair skating and that the two would be coached by Halyna Kukhar.

title: Ivan Pavlov (figure skater)

text: at the European Championships in Bratislava, Slovakia. He qualified for the final segment by placing 13th in the short program and then placed 15th in the free, resulting in a final placement of 15th. Ranked 24th in the short, he also reached the free skate at the 2016 World Championships in Boston. Competing in the 2016 JGP series, Pavlov placed 4th in Ostrava and 7th in Ljubljana. In the senior ranks, he took gold at Ice Star and finished 7th at the International Cup of Nice. At the Ukrainian Championships, he placed second in the short and first in the

title: Ivan Pavlov (figure skater)

text: placed seventh in Tallinn, Estonia and fifth in Zagreb, Croatia. Making his senior international debut, he won the silver medal at the NRW Trophy in late November 2014. At the Ukrainian Championships, he ranked first in the short program and second in the free skate, finishing second to Yaroslav Paniot by less than half a point. In January 2015, Pavlov won gold at the European Youth Olympic Winter Festival in Dornbirn, Austria. In March, he came in 16th at the 2015 World Junior Championships in Tallinn, having placed 21st in the short and 15th in the free. He was coached

title: Ivan Sechenov

text: and neuroscience. He was an influence on Vladimir Bekhterev and Vladimir Nikolayevich Myasishchev when they set up the Institute of Brain and Psychic Activity in 1918. Ivan Sechenov Ivan Mikhaylovich Sechenov (; , Tyoply Stan (now Sechenovo) near Simbirsk, Russia – , Moscow), was a Russian physiologist. Ivan Pavlov referred to him as the "Father of Russian physiology and scientific psychology". Sechenov authored the classic, "Reflexes of the Brain", introducing electrophysiology and neurophysiology into laboratories and teaching of medicine. Sechenov's major interest was neurophysiology (the structure of the brain). He showed that brain activity is linked to electric currents and

title: Ivan Sechenov

text: Ivan Sechenov Ivan Mikhaylovich Sechenov (; , Tyoply Stan (now Sechenovo) near Simbirsk, Russia – , Moscow), was a Russian physiologist. Ivan Pavlov referred to him as the "Father of Russian physiology and scientific psychology". Sechenov authored the classic, "Reflexes of the Brain", introducing electrophysiology and neurophysiology into laboratories and teaching of medicine. Sechenov's major interest was neurophysiology (the structure of the brain). He showed that brain activity is linked to electric currents and was the first to introduce electrophysiology. Among his discoveries was the cerebral inhibition of spinal reflexes. He also maintained that chemical factors in the environment of

title: Ivan Hrynokh

text: the age of 87. He was buried in Pennsylvania. Ivan Hrynokh Ivan Hrynokh (December 28, 1907- October 14, 1994 ) Other spellings (Iwan - Hryn'okh, Hrinjoch, Grinokh, Grin'okh, Grinioh) Pseudonyms - Professor Danyliv, Professor Prister, Herasymovsky, Vsevolod, Kovalenko, Kostetsky, Orlov. Father Dr. Ivan Hrynokh was a Ukrainian Greek-Catholic priest and Ukrainian community activist. Born in the village of Pavlov near Lviv to Mykhailo and Anastiya Hrynokh on December 29, 1907, his parents emigrated to the United States in 1909 and settled in Philadelphia where his brother Stepan was born in 1911. The family returned to their home village in 1911.

title: What Kate Did

text: 'Dad?' Hurley comments that he did not expect Rose's husband to be white, before Jack quickly changes the subject. The producers felt it was important to address that they are an interracial couple, and that Hurley was saying what the audience would be thinking. Caldwell agreed with them and thought it would be odd if the issue was not addressed. Anderson also was glad that Hurley brought up the issue, and liked that Jack did not pay any attention. The episode gained 21.54 million American viewers in its first airing. What Kate Did "What Kate Did" is the 34th episode

title: What Katy Did

text: as Dorry, Bryn McAuley as Joanna, and Dean Stockwell as "Tramp". A 1972 UK movie adaptation, "Katy", starred Clare Walker, and the 1962 eight-part TV series made in the UK, also called "Katy", featured rising star Susan Hampshire in the title role. In 2015, author Jacqueline Wilson wrote her novel "Katy", which is a modern retelling of "What Katy Did". The August 2016 edition of Storytime featured a new illustrated adaptation with illustrations by Italian artist Marco Guadalupi. "What Katy Did" was followed by four sequels: "What Katy Did at School" in which Katy and Clover attend the fictional Hillsover

title: What We Did

text: quietest albums in Michael Gira’s catalog." What We Did What We Did is a collaborative studio album by Swans frontman Michael Gira and Windsor for the Derby member Dan Matz. It was released on November 13, 2001 through Gira's Young God Records label. "What We Did" has a considerably more pop-oriented and accessible sound, compared to Gira's other solo works. The majority of the lyrics on the album was written by Matz. Allmusic critic Thom Jurek described the album as "a finely wrought album of relayed styles and layered textures enfolding one another into a music that could have only

title: What We Did

text: What We Did What We Did is a collaborative studio album by Swans frontman Michael Gira and Windsor for the Derby member Dan Matz. It was released on November 13, 2001 through Gira's Young God Records label. "What We Did" has a considerably more pop-oriented and accessible sound, compared to Gira's other solo works. The majority of the lyrics on the album was written by Matz. Allmusic critic Thom Jurek described the album as "a finely wrought album of relayed styles and layered textures enfolding one another into a music that could have only been made by these two men,

title: Oleg Pavlov

text: English by Ian Appleby and published by independent London publisher And Other Stories in 2013. Oleg Pavlov Oleg Pavlov (Russian: Олег Олегович Павлов; 16 March 1970 – 7 October 2018) was a prominent Russian writer and winner of the Russian Booker Prize. His first novel, "Captain of the Steppe", has been translated into English and published by And Other Stories in 2013. Born in Moscow in 1970, Pavlov spent his military service as a prison guard in Kazakhstan. Many of the incidents portrayed in his fiction were inspired by his experiences there. During his service, Pavlov suffered a head injury,

title: Oleg Pavlov

text: Oleg Pavlov Oleg Pavlov (Russian: Олег Олегович Павлов; 16 March 1970 – 7 October 2018) was a prominent Russian writer and winner of the Russian Booker Prize. His first novel, "Captain of the Steppe", has been translated into English and published by And Other Stories in 2013. Born in Moscow in 1970, Pavlov spent his military service as a prison guard in Kazakhstan. Many of the incidents portrayed in his fiction were inspired by his experiences there. During his service, Pavlov suffered a head injury, was hospitalised, and spent over a month in a psychiatric ward. This allowed him to

title: Pavlov (crater)

text: Pavlov (crater) Pavlov is a lunar impact crater on the far side of the Moon, approximately 143 kilometers in diameter. Located just to the north-northeast of it is the crater Levi-Civita while to the southeast is Jules Verne. The outer rim of Pavlov is somewhat worn and has been damaged in a few locations. There are outward bulges along the southern and eastern rim, and smaller bulges along the western side. Several small craters lie along the inner walls and the interior floor. Pavlov H is located along the east-southeastern edge of the floor. There is a small crater chain

title: Yakov Pavlov

text: Yakov Pavlov Yakov Fedotovich Pavlov (; 4 October 191729 September 1981) was a Soviet Red Army soldier who became a Hero of the Soviet Union for his role in defending "Pavlov's House" during the Battle of Stalingrad. Born in 1917 to a peasant family in the small village of Krestovaya in northwestern Russia (present-day Novgorod Oblast), Pavlov joined the Red Army in 1938. During World War II, he fought on the Southwestern, Stalingrad, 3rd Ukrainian and 2nd Belorussian fronts. Pavlov was a commander of a machine gun unit, an artilleryman, and a commander of a reconnaissance unit with the rank

title: Ilia Pavlov

text: was the wife of Naydenova's ex-husband pleaded guilty to the murders. The motive was jealousy. Pavlov was a former Bulgarian wrestling champion who graduated from the National Sports Academy in Sofia. Ilia Pavlov Iliya Pavlov Naydenov () (August 6, 1960 - March 7, 2003) was a Bulgarian businessman. A banker, financier, philanthropist and mason, he was the leader and founder of the Multigroup organization and G-13. Pavlov was ranked the eighth richest man in Central and Eastern Europe by the Polish magazine Wprost in 2002. He was said to be worth $US1.5 billion. He was married to Darina Pavlova, who

title: Ilia Pavlov

text: Ilia Pavlov Iliya Pavlov Naydenov () (August 6, 1960 - March 7, 2003) was a Bulgarian businessman. A banker, financier, philanthropist and mason, he was the leader and founder of the Multigroup organization and G-13. Pavlov was ranked the eighth richest man in Central and Eastern Europe by the Polish magazine Wprost in 2002. He was said to be worth $US1.5 billion. He was married to Darina Pavlova, who inherited his fortune after his murder. Pavlov was shot outside his office with a single bullet to the heart by a sniper and died instantly. The day before his death, he

title: Valentin Pavlov

text: live television and told the Soviet people that Gorbachev was indisposed. As the day wore on it soon became apparent that Pavlov had been drinking since he issued several contradictory orders and repeated himself. In retrospect he admitted that he had been drinking with his son the day before. On the same day, his fellow plotters decided to depose Pavlov, sending him to his dacha where his wife took care of him. As with all the others, Pavlov was arrested following the collapse of the coup. Shortly after Pavlov was hospitalised with hypertension whilst remaining in custody. He was released

title: Valentin Pavlov

text: Committee for her advocacy of Pavlov-backed plans for centrally administered price reform. He was the only minister in Ryzhkov's Government who was also a member of the Presidium of the Council of Ministers. Along with Eduard Shevardnadze – Soviet Foreign Minister – Pavlov was the only nominee from Ryzhkov's second government to be overwhelmingly elected by the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union. As Minister of Finance, Pavlov was supportive of the marketisation of the Soviet economy, having overseen a rapid increase in the Soviet money supply and the increase in inflation it caused. Pavlov also set the exchange rate

title: Valentin Pavlov

text: Valentin Pavlov Valentin Sergeyevich Pavlov (; 27 September 1937 – 30 March 2003) was a Soviet official who became a Russian banker following the dissolution of the Soviet Union. Born in the city of Moscow, then part of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, Pavlov began his political career in the Ministry of Finance in 1959. Later, during the Brezhnev Era, he became head of the Financial Department of the State Planning Committee. Pavlov was appointed to the post of Chairman of the State Committee on Prices during the Gorbachev Era, and later became Minister of Finance in Nikolai Ryzhkov's

title: Yevhen Pavlov

text: spent three more seasons at the club, before being released in the summer of 2013. After being without a club for several months, Pavlov had a trial with Serbian champions Partizan in December 2013. He scored two goals for their affiliated side Teleoptik in a test match, but failed to sign a contract. He eventually signed with Sevastopol in March 2014, making three league appearances until the end of the 2013–14 season. After the annexation of Sevastopol, Crimea to Russia took Russian citizenship Yevgeny Pavlov. In August 2014, Pavlov joined Russian club Sokol Saratov. In January 2015, Pavlov returned to

title: Konstantin Pavlov

text: his wife, Maria, and their daughter, Donka. His death was announced by the Union of Bulgarian Film Makers. Konstantin Pavlov Konstantin Pavlov () (April 2, 1933 – September 28, 2008) was a Bulgarian screenwriter, author and poet. Pavlov became a prominent intellectual during Burlgaria's Communist era, even though he faced censorship and a ten-year-long publishing ban by the government. Pavlov was born on April 2, 1933, in the former village of Vitoshko, near the capital Sofia. He was among the few Bulgarian authors and intellectuals who dared to act autonomously and defy the Bulgarian Communist government, which ruled the country

title: Konstantin Pavlov

text: Konstantin Pavlov Konstantin Pavlov () (April 2, 1933 – September 28, 2008) was a Bulgarian screenwriter, author and poet. Pavlov became a prominent intellectual during Burlgaria's Communist era, even though he faced censorship and a ten-year-long publishing ban by the government. Pavlov was born on April 2, 1933, in the former village of Vitoshko, near the capital Sofia. He was among the few Bulgarian authors and intellectuals who dared to act autonomously and defy the Bulgarian Communist government, which ruled the country from 1945 until 1989. Government censors began a ten-year-long publishing ban against his work beginning in 1966. Bulgarians