query: where is the portuguese language derived from?

title: Portuguese language in Africa

text: the various Portuguese creoles that have developed there. These creole languages co-exist with Portuguese and, in the countries where they are spoken, form a continuum with the lexifying language. In Cape Verde, refers to a variety of Cape Verdean Creole which takes on various features of Portuguese and is a result of processes of decreolization in the archipelago. In São Tome e Principe, Santomense Portuguese is a variety of Portuguese strongly influenced by Forro in syntax and vocabulary. Since the lexicons of those languages are derived from Portuguese, even creole-speakers who do not speak Portuguese have a passive knowledge of

title: Portuguese language

text: "cães", "irmãos", "razões". The Portuguese language is the only Romance language that has preserved the clitic case mesoclisis: cf. ' (I'll give thee), ' (I'll love you), ' (I'll contact them). Like Galician, it also retains the Latin synthetic pluperfect tense: ' (I had been), ' (I had lived), ' (you had lived). Romanian also has this tense, but uses the -s- form. Most of the lexicon of Portuguese is derived, directly or through other Romance languages, from Latin. Nevertheless, because of its original Lusitanian and Celtic Gallaecian heritage, and the later participation of Portugal in the Age of Discovery,

title: Portuguese language

text: of Portuguese emigrant citizens in the PALOP and Brazil. The Portuguese language therefore serves more than 250 million people daily, who have direct or indirect legal, juridical and social contact with it, varying from the only language used in any contact, to only education, contact with local or international administration, commerce and services or the simple sight of road signs, public information and advertising in Portuguese. Portuguese is a mandatory subject in the school curriculum in Uruguay. Other countries where Portuguese is commonly taught in schools or where it is being introduced as an option now include Venezuela, Zambia, the

title: Portuguese language

text: it has some words from pre-Latin Paleohispanic languages and adopted loanwords from other languages around the world. A number of Portuguese words can still be traced to the pre-Roman inhabitants of Portugal, which included the Gallaeci, Lusitanians, Celtici and Cynetes. Most of these words derived from the Hispano-Celtic Gallaecian language of northwestern Iberia, and are very often shared with Galician since both languages share a common origin in the medieval language of Galician-Portuguese. A few of these words existed in Latin as loanwords from other Celtic sources, often Gaulish. Altogether these are over 1,000 words, some verbs and toponymic names

title: Portuguese language

text: is a descendant of the Galician-Portuguese group, such as La Alamedilla, Cedillo ("Cedilho"), Herrera de Alcántara ("Ferreira d'Alcântara") and Olivenza ("Olivença"), but in these municipalities, what is spoken is actually Portuguese, not disputed as such in the mainstream. It should be noticed that the diversity of dialects of the Portuguese language is known since the time of medieval Portuguese-Galician language when it coexisted with the Lusitanian-Mozarabic dialect, spoken in the south of Portugal. The dialectal diversity becomes more evident in the work of Fernão d'Oliveira, in the Grammatica da Lingoagem Portuguesa, (1536), where he remarks that the people of Portuguese

title: Portuguese language

text: and the ABC islands in the Caribbean where Papiamento is spoken, while Cape Verdean Creole is the most widely spoken Portuguese-based Creole. A Portuguese-speaking person or nation may be referred to as "Lusophone" in both English and Portuguese. Portuguese is part of the Ibero-Romance group that evolved from several dialects of Vulgar Latin in the medieval Kingdom of Galicia and the County of Portugal, and has kept some Celtic phonology and lexicon. With approximately 215 to 220 million native speakers and 250 million total speakers, Portuguese is usually listed as the sixth most natively spoken language in the world, the

title: Community of Portuguese Language Countries

text: Instituto Camões language center branches in main cities and rural towns), as Portuguese is becoming one of the main languages in Southern Africa, where it is also taught in Namibia and South Africa. In many developing Portuguese-speaking nations, Portuguese is the language of government and commerce which means that Portuguese-speaking people from African nations can work and communicate with others in different parts of the world, especially in Portugal and Brazil, where the economies are stronger. Many leaders of Portuguese-speaking nations in Africa are fearful that language standards do not meet the fluency required and are therefore making it compulsory

title: Portuguese language in Africa

text: as a second language, in countries like Angola and Mozambique, where Portuguese is an official language, but also in countries like South Africa and Senegal, thanks to migrants coming from Portuguese speaking countries. Some statistics claim that there are over 30 million Portuguese speakers in the continent. Like French and English, Portuguese has become a post-colonial language in Africa and one of the working languages of the African Union (AU) and the Southern African Development Community (SADC). Portuguese co-exists in Guinea-Bissau, Cape Verde, and São Tomé and Principe with Portuguese-based creoles (Upper Guinea and Gulf of Guinea Creoles), and in

title: Portuguese language

text: Republic of the Congo, Senegal, Namibia, Swaziland, and South Africa. In all of the listed countries Portuguese is spoken either as native language by minorities due to the Portuguese colonial past or as a "lingua franca" in bordering and multilingual regions, such as on the border between Brazil and Uruguay and Angola and Namibia. According to estimates by UNESCO, Portuguese is the fastest-growing European language after English and the language has, according to the newspaper "The Portugal News" publishing data given from UNESCO, the highest potential for growth as an international language in southern Africa and South America. Portuguese is

title: Portuguese language in Africa

text: The nation-states with Portuguese as an official language in Africa are referred to by the acronym PALOP () and include the following: Angola, Cape Verde, Guinea-Bissau, Mozambique and São Tomé and Príncipe. Portuguese is a primarily urban language having a reduced presence in rural areas, except for in Angola and São Tomé and Príncipe, where the language is more widespread. South Africa also has approximately 300,000 speakers of Portuguese, primarily settlers from Madeira and white Angolans and Mozambicans who emigrated from 1975 onwards, following the independence of the former colonies. The civil wars in Angola and Mozambique also resulted in

title: Museum of the Portuguese Language

text: Museum of the Portuguese Language The Museum of the Portuguese Language (, , ) is an interactive Portuguese language—and Linguistics/Language Development in general—museum in São Paulo, Brazil. It is housed in the Estação da Luz railway station, in the urban district of the same name. Three hundred thousand passengers arrive and leave the station every day, and the choice of the building for the launching of the museum is connected to the fact that it was mainly here that thousands of non-Portuguese speaking immigrants arriving from Europe and Asia into São Paulo via the Port of Santos got acquainted with

title: Portuguese language in Goa

text: the centuries in most cases—it is debatable whether the Goan territory have formed an [[Indo-Portuguese]] [[Creole language|Creole]]. Some authors such as Theban (1985) and Thomas (1995) consider, unlike Holm (1989) and Clemens (1996, 2000), that the very strong pressure from the Portuguese, in the official language and education, would have prevented the formation of a creole Portuguese in Goa. However, according to Rita Marquilhas (1998), in places where it has remained under the administration of [[Portugal]] until the mid-twentieth century—such as Goa—there was a "de-[[Creolisation]]" since various language structures were approaching the Portuguese spoken in Portugal and only traces remained

title: Portuguese language

text: the Portuguese Language, an interactive museum about the Portuguese language, was founded in São Paulo, Brazil, the city with the greatest number of Portuguese language speakers in the world. The museum is the first of its kind in the world. In 2015 the museum was destroyed in a fire, but there are plans to reconstruct it. Portuguese is the native language of the vast majority of people in Brazil and Portugal, and 99.8% of the population of São Tomé and Príncipe declared speaking Portuguese in the 1991 census. Perhaps 75% of the population of Angola speaks Portuguese natively, and 85%

title: Portuguese language

text: local populations. After the Moorish invasion beginning in 711, Arabic became the administrative and common language in the conquered regions, but most of the remaining Christian population continued to speak a form of Romance commonly known as Mozarabic, which lasted three centuries longer in Spain. Portuguese evolved from the medieval language, known today by linguists as Galician-Portuguese, Old Portuguese or Old Galician, of the northwestern medieval Kingdom of Galicia and County of Portugal. It is in Latin administrative documents of the 9th century that written Galician-Portuguese words and phrases are first recorded. This phase is known as Proto-Portuguese, which lasted

title: Flag of the Community of Portuguese Language Countries

text: Flag of the Community of Portuguese Language Countries The flag of the Community of Portuguese Language Countries (or "flag of the CPLP") represents the intergovernmental organization for friendship among Lusophone (Portuguese-speaking) nations where Portuguese is an official language. The Portuguese language countries are home to more than 223 million people located across the globe. The CPLP nations cover a combined area of about . The CPLP was formed in 1996 with seven countries: Portugal, Brazil, a former colony in South America, and five former colonies in Africa—Angola, Cape Verde, Guinea-Bissau, Mozambique, and São Tomé and Príncipe. East Timor joined the

title: Portuguese language in Asia

text: joined the CPLP shortly after its independence at the turn of the 21st century. Indonesia has also expressed interest in joining the CPLP. The Instituto Camões maintains language centres in Macau, Goa, Busan and Dili. In Asia, Standard European Portuguese (português-padrão) forms the basis for the written and spoken norm, exclusively to East Timor and Macau. Portuguese language in Asia The Portuguese language is spoken in Asia by small communities either in regions which formerly served as colonies to Portugal, notably Macau and East Timor where the language is official albeit not widely spoken, or of Lusophone immigrants, notably the

title: Portuguese language

text: Portuguese language Portuguese ( or, in full, ) is a Western Romance language originating in the Iberian Peninsula. It is the sole official language of Portugal, Brazil, Cape Verde, Guinea-Bissau, Mozambique, Angola, and São Tomé and Príncipe. It also has co-official language status in East Timor, Equatorial Guinea and Macau in China. As the result of expansion during colonial times, a cultural presence of Portuguese and Portuguese creole speakers are also found in Goa, Daman and Diu in India; in Batticaloa on the east coast of Sri Lanka; in the Indonesian island of Flores; in the Malacca state of Malaysia;

title: Portuguese language

text: names in other languages, such as Anhangüera and mülleriano. Accented characters and digraphs are not counted as separate letters for collation purposes. Portuguese language Portuguese ( or, in full, ) is a Western Romance language originating in the Iberian Peninsula. It is the sole official language of Portugal, Brazil, Cape Verde, Guinea-Bissau, Mozambique, Angola, and São Tomé and Príncipe. It also has co-official language status in East Timor, Equatorial Guinea and Macau in China. As the result of expansion during colonial times, a cultural presence of Portuguese and Portuguese creole speakers are also found in Goa, Daman and Diu in

title: Portuguese language

text: Portuguese-speaking countries (Brazil, Angola, Mozambique, etc.) in the world. , a pronoun meaning "you", is used for educated, formal, and colloquial respectful speech in most Portuguese-speaking regions. In the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul, is virtually absent from the spoken language. Riograndense and European Portuguese normally distinguishes formal from informal speech by verbal conjugation. Informal speech employs "tu" followed by second person verbs, formal language retains the formal , followed by the third person conjugation. Conjugation of has three different forms in Brazil (verb "to see": , in the traditional second person, , in the third person, and

title: Portuguese language

text: Portuguese acronym CPLP) consists of the eight independent countries that have Portuguese as an official language: Angola, Brazil, Cape Verde, East Timor, Equatorial Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Mozambique, Portugal and São Tomé and Príncipe. Equatorial Guinea made a formal application for full membership to the CPLP in June 2010, a status given only to states with Portuguese as an official language. In 2011, Portuguese became its third official language (besides Spanish and French) and, in July 2014, the country was accepted as a member of the CPLP. Portuguese is also one of the official languages of the Special Administrative Region of the

title: Portuguese language

text: Namibia (about 4–5% of the population, mainly refugees from Angola in the north of the country), Paraguay (10.7% or 636,000 people), Macau (0.6% or 12,000 people), Switzerland (196,000 nationals in 2008), Venezuela (554,000). and the United States (0.35% of the population or 1,228,126 speakers according to the 2007 American Community Survey). In some parts of former Portuguese India, namely Goa and Daman and Diu, the language is still spoken by about 10,000 people. In 2014, an estimated 1,500 students were learning Portuguese in Goa. The Community of Portuguese Language Countries (in Portuguese "Comunidade dos Países de Língua Portuguesa", with the

title: Portuguese language in Asia

text: Portuguese language in Asia The Portuguese language is spoken in Asia by small communities either in regions which formerly served as colonies to Portugal, notably Macau and East Timor where the language is official albeit not widely spoken, or of Lusophone immigrants, notably the Brazilians in Japan. Various regions in Asia have expressed interest in participating in the Community of Portuguese-speaking Countries (the CPLP). The Malaysian state of Malacca, Macau, and the Indian state of Goa have all applied for observer or associate member status and are awaiting the permission of the Malaysian, Chinese, and Indian governments, respectively. East Timor

title: Portuguese language

text: by Gerald of Braga, a monk from Moissac, who became bishop of Braga in Portugal in 1047, playing a major role in modernizing written Portuguese using classical Occitan norms.. Portugal became an independent kingdom in 1139, under King Afonso I of Portugal. In 1290, King Denis of Portugal created the first Portuguese university in Lisbon (the "Estudos Gerais", which later moved to Coimbra) and decreed for Portuguese, then simply called the "common language", to be known as the Portuguese language and used officially. In the second period of Old Portuguese, in the 15th and 16th centuries, with the Portuguese discoveries,

title: Museum of the Portuguese Language

text: exhibit in this space is a tribute to the 50-year anniversary of . This exhibit contains seven paths, each corresponding to a character or important aspect of the book. Museum of the Portuguese Language The Museum of the Portuguese Language (, , ) is an interactive Portuguese language—and Linguistics/Language Development in general—museum in São Paulo, Brazil. It is housed in the Estação da Luz railway station, in the urban district of the same name. Three hundred thousand passengers arrive and leave the station every day, and the choice of the building for the launching of the museum is connected to

title: International Portuguese Language Institute

text: and São Tomé and Príncipe. International Portuguese Language Institute The International Portuguese Language Institute ("Instituto Internacional da Língua Portuguesa" in Portuguese) or IILP is the Community of Portuguese Language Countries's institute supporting the spread and popularity of the Portuguese language in the world. The Institute's headquarters is located in Praia, Cabo Verde. The institute is recent and its statutes are still not well regulated. However, its history starts in 1989 when the countries of Portuguese language gathered in São Luís do Maranhão in Brazil to create a base for a Portuguese language community. The Brazilian president, José Sarney gave the

text: International Portuguese Language Institute The International Portuguese Language Institute ("Instituto Internacional da Língua Portuguesa" in Portuguese) or IILP is the Community of Portuguese Language Countries's institute supporting the spread and popularity of the Portuguese language in the world. The Institute's headquarters is located in Praia, Cabo Verde. The institute is recent and its statutes are still not well regulated. However, its history starts in 1989 when the countries of Portuguese language gathered in São Luís do Maranhão in Brazil to create a base for a Portuguese language community. The Brazilian president, José Sarney gave the idea of an international institute

title: Northern Portuguese

text: Braga, and Viana. Every accent in the region is derived from the accents in these four hubs. The Dialectal map of Leite de Vasconcelos, 1893-1897, proposed that the Northern Portuguese had three subdialects in a dialect, subdialect and variety organization: Northern Portuguese Northern Portuguese is the oldest dialect of the Portuguese language. It is spoken in coastal northern Portugal from Viana do Castelo to Porto and stretching inland as far as Braga. The region is considered the birthplace of the Portuguese language. It is popularly known as "Nortenho" (Northerner), but linguists traditionally call it Interâmnico or Interamense to differentiate it

title: Portuguese language in Goa

text: 1961, bringing an end to [[Portuguese India|Portuguese rule]], there was a very complicated impasse halting use of [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]], which ceased to be the official language. "[[O Heraldo]]", the Portuguese language daily newspaper in Goa switched from Portuguese to English in 1983, becoming known as "The Herald". Only with the resumption of diplomatic relations between [[Portugal]] and [[India]] in 1974, including the installation of Portuguese institutions like the [[List of diplomatic missions of Portugal#Asia|Consulate-General]] in [[Panaji]] in 1992, followed by the [[Instituto Camões]] and the [[Fundação Oriente]] later on, was there a resumption for the demand for the [[Portuguese language]].

title: Portuguese language in Goa

text: The long presence of the language in this [[Indian state]], plus a small number of speakers, left other legacies. For instance, street names, the name of the most populous [[Goan]] city -- [[Vasco da Gama]]—and family surnames like [[Mascarenhas (surname)|Mascarenhas]] and [[Sousa (surname)|Souza]], which is quite common in this territory. However, in [[Goa]], unlike other regions of [[India]]—as well as in [[Africa]], [[Ceylon]] (now [[Sri Lanka]]), [[Macau]] ([[China]]), [[Malacca]] ([[Malaysia]]), [[Indonesia]] and [[East Timor]]—where there were several locally based creole languages in [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] due to the permanent contact of this language with local language—though these are dying out over

title: Portuguese language

text: from the 9th century until the 12th-century independence of the County of Portugal from the Kingdom of León, which had by then assumed reign over Galicia. In the first part of the Galician-Portuguese period (from the 12th to the 14th century), the language was increasingly used for documents and other written forms. For some time, it was the language of preference for lyric poetry in Christian Hispania, much as Occitan was the language of the poetry of the troubadours in France. The Occitan digraphs "lh" and "nh", used in its classical orthography, were adopted by the orthography of Portuguese, presumably

title: Portuguese language in Goa

text: diverse for a country that is already full of contrasts as is the case in India. Despite several centuries of domination exercised by [[Portugal]], unlike what happened in other [[Portuguese Empire|Portuguese colonies elsewhere]], the Portuguese language never spread among the vast majority of the population, remaining as the language of administration and a small literate elite. Today, the Portuguese situation in Goa is much more dramatic. Generation after generation, the number of speakers were decreased dramatically. Since the military conquest of the colony by India in 1961, the [[Portuguese language]] has been progressively replaced by [[Konkani]] (the official language of

title: Brazilian Portuguese

text: concepts, and musical expressions; and English terms from the fields of modern technology and commerce. Although some of these words are more predominant in Brazil, they are also used in Portugal and other countries where Portuguese is spoken. Words derived from the Tupi language are particularly prevalent in place names ("Itaquaquecetuba," "Pindamonhangaba," "Caruaru", "Ipanema", "Paraíba"). The native languages also contributed the names of most of the plants and animals found in Brazil (and most of these are the official names of the animals in other Portuguese-speaking countries as well), including "arara" ("macaw"), "jacaré" ("South American caiman"), "tucano" ("toucan"), "mandioca" ("cassava"),

title: Portuguese language

text: a globalized language spoken officially on five continents, and as a second language by millions worldwide. Since 1991, when Brazil signed into the economic community of Mercosul with other South American nations, namely Argentina, Uruguay and Paraguay, Portuguese is either mandatory, or taught, in the schools of those South American countries. Although early in the 21st century, after Macau was ceded to China and Brazilian immigration to Japan slowed down, the use of Portuguese was in decline in Asia, it is once again becoming a language of opportunity there, mostly because of increased diplomatic and financial ties with economically powerful

title: Portuguese language

text: as Indonesian, Manado Malay, Malayalam, Sri Lankan Tamil and Sinhalese, Malay, Bengali, English, Hindi, Swahili, Afrikaans, Konkani, Marathi, Tetum, Xitsonga, Japanese, Lanc-Patuá (spoken in northern Brazil), Esan and Sranan Tongo (spoken in Suriname). It left a strong influence on the "língua brasílica", a Tupi–Guarani language, which was the most widely spoken in Brazil until the 18th century, and on the language spoken around Sikka in Flores Island, Indonesia. In nearby Larantuka, Portuguese is used for prayers in Holy Week rituals. The Japanese–Portuguese dictionary "Nippo Jisho" (1603) was the first dictionary of Japanese in a European language, a product of Jesuit

title: Museum of the Portuguese Language

text: the remote Indo-European origins of languages are shown. The history and evolution of Portuguese is traced from Archaic Latin through Classical Latin, Vulgar Latin and old Romance languages to the three elements that make up the heart of contemporary Portuguese: Lusitanian Portuguese, languages indigenous to Brazil and African languages. The panel covers six thousand years of human history and is the product of research by professor Ataliba de Castilho. A selection of 120 large works of Brazilian literature complement the exhibition of the history of the language. In this area, the temporary exhibits of the museum are displayed. The first

title: Portuguese language in Africa

text: it. In addition, Portuguese creoles have often been (and often continue to be) written using Portuguese orthography. An important issue in discussions of standardization of creoles is whether it is better to devise a truly phonetic orthography or to choose an etymological one based on Portuguese. Portuguese language in Africa Portuguese is spoken in a number of African countries and is the official language in six African states: Angola, Mozambique, Guinea-Bissau, Cape Verde, São Tomé and Príncipe and Equatorial Guinea. There are Portuguese-speaking communities in most countries of Southern Africa, a mixture of Portuguese settlers and Angolans and Mozambicans who

title: Portuguese language

text: "sende" are derived from the Germanic "sinths" (military expedition) and in the case of Resende, the prefix "re" comes from Germanic "reths" (council). Other examples of Portuguese names, surnames and town names of Germanic toponymic origin include Henrique, Henriques, Vermoim, Mandim, Calquim, Baguim, Gemunde, Guetim, Sermonde and many more, are quite common mainly in the old Suebi and later Visigothic dominated regions, covering today's Northern half of Portugal and Galicia. Between the 9th and early 13th centuries, Portuguese acquired some 400 to 600 words from Arabic by influence of Moorish Iberia. They are often recognizable by the initial Arabic article

title: Portuguese language

text: Asia until the 19th century. Some Portuguese-speaking Christian communities in India, Sri Lanka, Malaysia, and Indonesia preserved their language even after they were isolated from Portugal. The end of the Old Portuguese period was marked by the publication of the "Cancioneiro Geral" by Garcia de Resende, in 1516. The early times of Modern Portuguese, which spans the period from the 16th century to the present day, were characterized by an increase in the number of learned words borrowed from Classical Latin and Classical Greek because of the Renaissance (learned words borrowed from Latin also came from Renaissance Latin, the form

title: Portuguese language in Africa

text: Portuguese language in Africa Portuguese is spoken in a number of African countries and is the official language in six African states: Angola, Mozambique, Guinea-Bissau, Cape Verde, São Tomé and Príncipe and Equatorial Guinea. There are Portuguese-speaking communities in most countries of Southern Africa, a mixture of Portuguese settlers and Angolans and Mozambicans who left their countries during the civil wars. A rough estimate has it that there are about 14 million people who use Portuguese as their sole mother tongue across Africa, but depending on the criteria applied, the number might be considerably higher, since many Africans speak Portuguese

title: Portuguese language in Africa

text: Senegal has its own Lusophone connection with a significant community of Cape Verdeans in Dakar and speakers of Guinea-Bissau Creole in its southern region of Casamance, which was once part of the Portuguese colonial empire. Portuguese is taught as a foreign language throughout the country. In 2008, Senegal became an observer nation in the CPLP. Equatorial Guinea, at one point a Portuguese colony, is home to a Portuguese-based Creole and is a member nation in the CPLP. Portuguese is now an official language in Equatorial Guinea, although it is practically not used. Mauritius, a multilingual island in the Indian Ocean,

title: Portuguese language

text: spoken on the borders of Brazil with Uruguay () and Paraguay (), and of Portugal with Spain (), that are Portuguese dialects spoken natively by thousands of people, which have been heavily influenced by Spanish. Portuguese and Spanish are the only Ibero-Romance languages, and perhaps the only Romance languages with such thriving inter-language forms, in which visible and lively bilingual contact dialects and code-switching have formed, in which functional bilingual communication is achieved through attempting an approximation to the target foreign language (known as 'Portunhol') without a learned acquisition process, but nevertheless facilitates communication. There is an emerging literature focused

title: Portuguese vocabulary

text: indicate over 600 Germanic words in Portuguese, with a tendency to increase due to English, German and other modern influences. Some of these words existed in Latin as loanwords from other languages. Some of these words have alternate etymologies and may also appear on a list of Galician words from a different language. Some words contain non-Germanic elements. Any form with an asterisk (*) is unattested and therefore hypothetical. Latin words of Germanic origin: Langobardic: Ancient Roman-derived names are the most numerous in Portugal and Portuguese-speaking countries. Together with Germanic-derived names they constitute the majority of those (and similarly to

title: Portuguese language in Goa

text: decolonization, Portugal failed to support the teaching of Portuguese in the Goan schools. This started a trend that only begins to be reversed now. The Portuguese has been again driven in schools, with the support of the Orient Foundation, and the University of Goa which has a master's degree in [[Portuguese Studies]] since 1988. There are also many free courses to promote the Portuguese language, such as English Language Center Instituto Camões, in Panjim, the capital, the Language Centre and the Portuguese Culture [[Chowgule College]] in [[Margao]], the Friendship Society Indo-Portuguese (Indo-Portuguese Friendship Society) and [[Communicare]]. According to the director

title: Museum of the Portuguese Language

text: Carmona Rodrigues, the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Guinea-Bissau António Isaac Monteiro, the President of the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation, and other representative authorities from all Portuguese-speaking nations. Gilberto Gil spoke during the ceremony: Sílvia Finguerut, director of Patrimony and the Environment for the Roberto Marinho foundation, claimed that there didn't exist a museum in the world dedicated solely to a language. Finguerut noted the symbolism of the museum's location in the Estação da Luz: Geraldo Alckmin alluded to the importance of the museum to the Portuguese-speaking community, to the students, the professors, and to the preservation of the language itself.

title: Museum of the Portuguese Language

text: million inhabitants. Among the partners in the project were Gilberto Gil, IBM Brazil, the Brazilian Postal Service, Rede Globo, Petrobras, Vivo, AES Eletropaulo, Grupo Votorantim and BNDES. Also supporting the effort were the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation, the Community of Portuguese Language Countries, the mayorship of São Paulo, the CPTM, the Otis Elevator Company, Carrier and the Luso-Brazilian Foundation. The idea of a Portuguese Language museum came from Ralph Appelbaum, who also developed the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum in Washington D.C., and the fossil room of the American Museum of Natural History in New York City. The architectural project was

title: Portuguese language

text: on such phenomena (including informal attempts of standardization of the linguistic continua and their usage). The closest relative of Portuguese is Galician, which is spoken in the autonomous community (region) and historical nationality of Galicia (northwestern Spain). The two were at one time a single language, known today as Galician-Portuguese, but they have diverged especially in pronunciation and vocabulary due to the political separation of Portugal from Galicia. There is, however, still a linguistic continuity consisting of the variant of Galician referred to as "galego-português baixo-limiao", which is spoken in several Galician villages between the municipalities of Entrimo and Lobios

title: Portuguese language in Goa

text: of [[Camões]] of the Portuguese Language Centre and reader at the [[Goa University]] Delfim Correia da Silva, there is a gradual and steady increase in the number of pupils learning Portuguese in Goa, in a trend that has been found to significantly over the last eight to ten years. This trend is driven mainly by cultural and professional reasons, for opportunities linked to [[Brazil]], [[Portugal]] and [[Angola]]. In Goa, the small number of Portuguese language speakers are united by a desire to affirm their identity, and strengthen the bonds of their long encounter with the Portuguese. Even today, the [[Portuguese

title: Portuguese language

text: speakers. The Fala language, known by its speakers as "xalimés", "mañegu", "a fala de Xálima" and "chapurráu" and in Portuguese as "a fala de Xálima", "a fala da Estremadura", "o galego da Estremadura", "valego" ou "galaico-estremenho", is another descendant of Galician-Portuguese, spoken by a small number of people in the Spanish towns of Valverde del Fresno ("Valverdi du Fresnu"), Eljas ("As Ellas") and San Martín de Trevejo ("Sa Martín de Trevellu") in the autonomous community of Extremadura, near the border with Portugal. There are a number of other places in Spain in which the native language of the common people

title: Portuguese language

text: at approximately 10 million people (including 4.5 million Portuguese, 3 million Brazilians, and half a million Cape Verdeans, among others), although it is hard to obtain official accurate numbers of diasporic Portuguese speakers because a significant portion of these citizens are naturalized citizens born outside of Lusophone territory or are children of immigrants, and may have only a basic command of the language. Additionally, a large part of the diaspora is a part of the already-counted population of the Portuguese-speaking countries and territories, such as the high number of Brazilian and PALOP emigrant citizens in Portugal or the high number

title: Portuguese language in Goa

text: Goa) and the [[English language|English]] (one of the two official languages of the federal administration of [[India]]). Currently, the Portuguese language is spoken by a small community in Goa, although it is not possible to know the exact number of people in Goa who can speak this language. Recently, attempts are now made to revive the language in Goa, including project-tests in secondary schools and artistic entities, or those of a tourist nature. Currently the Portuguese language is learned in official and private education. After 1961, Portugal did not know how to do this in Goa. In the decades after

title: Portuguese vocabulary

text: astronomy, mathematics, chemicals and food. Projections estimate 400 to 800 Arabic-derived words in Portuguese, with a tendency to decrease as many of these words have entered in disuse over time: With the Portuguese discoveries linguistic contact was made, and the Portuguese language became influenced by other languages with which it came into contact outside Europe. In Brazil, many placenames and local animals have Amerindian names, the same occurring with the local Bantu languages in Angola and Mozambique. The country name "Angola" is from a Bantu word, "N'gola". The country name Macau is from Chinese "A-mok", name of the city's temple.

text: Portuguese overseas territory to be decolonized, and returned to China in 1999. It still retains traces of the Portuguese culture and Portuguese is one of the official languages of the territory. Despite that, the majority of the population in Macau do not speak and understand Portuguese. Cantonese language is the main language. In 2006, during the II Ministerial meeting between China and Portuguese Speaking Countries, the CPLP Executive Secretary and Deputy ambassador Tadeu Soares invited the Chief Executive of the Government of the Macau Special Administrative Region, Edmund Ho Hau Wa, to request the Associate Observer status for Macau. The

title: Macanese Portuguese

text: Macanese Portuguese Macanese Portuguese () is a Portuguese dialect spoken in Macau, where Portuguese is co-official with Cantonese. Macanese Portuguese is spoken, to some degree either natively or as a second language, by roughly 1% of the population of Macau. It should not be confused with Macanese language (or ), a distinct Portuguese creole that developed in Macau during the Portuguese rule. Macau had its first contact with the Portuguese language in 1557 when the territory was established as a trade center of Portugal to other parts of Asia. The language largely entered Macau in the 19th century when China

title: Sinhalese language

text: to Dravidian influence are – "I know that it is new." "I do not know whether it is new." As a result of centuries of colonial rule, modern Sinhalese contains some Portuguese, Dutch and English loanwords. Macanese Patois or Macau Creole (known as "Patuá" to its speakers) is a creole language derived mainly from Malay, Sinhalese, Cantonese, and Portuguese, which was originally spoken by the Macanese people of the Portuguese colony of Macau. It is now spoken by a few families in Macau and in the Macanese diaspora. The language developed first mainly among the descendants of Portuguese settlers who

title: Portuguese language in Africa

text: RTP África have regular services in Portuguese for listeners in Africa. As a result of immigration to Portugal various varieties of African Portuguese have influenced contemporary speech in Portugal. In the 1970s, it came from white people from the former colonies (referred to as ). More recent immigration from the PALOPs has had a similar influence. In Brazil, many of the indigenous African languages that influence African Portuguese had the same influence historically on the formation of Brazilian Portuguese during the colonial period, especially lexically. Any discussion of the role of the Portuguese language in Africa must take into account

title: Portuguese Language Orthographic Agreement of 1990

text: both orthographies co-existed. On 1 January 2012 the government adopted the spelling reform in official documents and in the Diário da República. The transition period ended on the 12th of May 2015. As of January 2016, transitions have also ended in Cape Verde and Brazil, making the reformed Portuguese orthography obligatory in three of the nine lusophone countries. Portuguese Language Orthographic Agreement of 1990 The Portuguese Language Orthographic Agreement of 1990 (, ) is an international treaty whose purpose is to create a unified orthography for the Portuguese language, to be used by all the countries that have Portuguese as

title: Portuguese dialects

text: of the Portuguese-speaking world. Portunhol/Portuñol: In regions where Spanish and Portuguese coexist, various types of language contact have occurred, ranging from improvised code-switching between monolingual speakers of each language to more or less stable mixed languages. They are often designated by the common term "portunhol" ("portuñol"). "This section does not cover Galician, which is treated as a separate language from Portuguese by Galician official institutions, or Fala. For a discussion of the controversy regarding the status of Galician with respect to Portuguese, see Reintegrationism." Portunhol Riverense is spoken in the region between Uruguay and Brazil, particularly in the twin cities

title: Portuguese language in Africa

text: has strong cultural ties with Mozambique. The Portuguese were the first Europeans to encounter the island. In 2006, Mauritius joined the CPLP as an associate member. As a fellow member of the SADC, Zambia has introduced Portuguese language instruction in its primary school system, partially due to the presence of a large Angolan population there. As an official language, Portuguese serves in the realms of administration, education, law, politics and media. Given the existing linguistic diversity of the PALOPs, Portuguese also serves the purpose of lingua franca allowing communication between fellow citizens of different ethno-linguistic backgrounds. The standard Portuguese used

title: Portuguese language in Africa

text: Angola, Mozambique, and Guinea-Bissau with autochthonous African languages (mainly Niger–Congo family languages). In Africa, the Portuguese language experiences pressure and possibly competition from French and English. Cape Verde, Guinea-Bissau and São Tomé and Príncipe are all members of La Francophonie and Mozambique is a member of the Commonwealth of Nations and has observer status at La Francophonie. Conversely, Equatorial Guinea has announced its decision to introduce Portuguese as its third official language, in addition to Spanish and French, and has made a request for membership in the CPLP. Mauritius and Senegal have also joined the CPLP as associate observer members.

title: Angolan Portuguese

text: Angolan Portuguese Angolan Portuguese () is a group of dialects and accents of the Portuguese language used mostly in Angola, where it is an official language. In 2005 it was used there by 60% of the population, including by 20% as their first language. The 2016 CIA "World Fact Book" reports that 12.3 million, or 47% of the population, speaks Portuguese as their first language. However, many parents raise their children to speak only Portuguese, and t.The 2014 census found that 71% speak Portuguese at home, many of them alongside a Bantu language, breaking down to 85% in urban areas

text: to promote the language. Only 10 years later in a meeting in São Tomé and Príncipe, a small island-nation in the Gulf of Guinea, is where the institute objectives, implementation and location (Cape Verde) were set. The IILP fundamental objectives are "the promotion, the defence, the enrichment and the spread of the Portuguese language as a vehicle of culture, education, information and access to scientific and technologic knowledge and of official use in international forums". The members of the IILP are the member states of the "Lusophone Commonwealth" - the CPLP: Angola, Brazil, Cape Verde, East Timor, Guinea-Bissau, Mozambique, Portugal,

title: Guinean Portuguese

text: Guinean Portuguese Guinean Portuguese () is the variety of Portuguese spoken in Guinea-Bissau, where it is the official language. Guinea-Bissau is unique among the African member states of the CPLP in that it is both highly diverse linguistically, like Angola and Mozambique, and it is also a creole society, like Cape Verde and São Tomé e Príncipe. Rather than Portuguese, it is Guinea-Bissau Creole which serves as the lingua franca and the vehicle of national identity spoken as both a first and second language. Thus Portuguese, for those who speak it, is often a third language. The native Portuguese speakers

title: Angolan Portuguese

text: black Angolans as a result of the Angolan civil war. These words were even brought to Brazil by white Angolan refugees during and after independence. Angolan Portuguese Angolan Portuguese () is a group of dialects and accents of the Portuguese language used mostly in Angola, where it is an official language. In 2005 it was used there by 60% of the population, including by 20% as their first language. The 2016 CIA "World Fact Book" reports that 12.3 million, or 47% of the population, speaks Portuguese as their first language. However, many parents raise their children to speak only Portuguese,

title: Macanese Portuguese

text: ceded Macau to Portugal and Macau was declared a formal Portuguese province. At that time, it was made an official language along with Cantonese. Despite being a Portuguese colony for over four centuries, the Portuguese language was never widely spoken in Macau and remained limited to administration and higher education and was spoken primarily by the Portuguese colonists, Macanese people of mixed ancestry, and elites and middle-class people of pure Chinese blood. Currently, there is only one school in Macau where Portuguese is the medium of instruction, the Macau Portuguese School. Many Macanese people of mixed ancestry since Portuguese time

title: Portuguese language

text: grammar of Portuguese is the verb. Morphologically, more verbal inflections from classical Latin have been preserved by Portuguese than by any other major Romance language. Portuguese and Spanish share very similar grammar. Portuguese also has some grammatical innovations not found in other Romance languages (except Galician and Fala): Portuguese is written with 26 letters of the Latin script, making use of five diacritics to denote stress, vowel height, contraction, nasalization, and etymological assibilation (acute accent, circumflex, grave accent, tilde, and cedilla). The trema was also formerly used in Brazilian Portuguese, and can still be encountered in words derived from proper

title: Glossary of English-language idioms derived from baseball

text: Glossary of English-language idioms derived from baseball American English has been enriched by expressions derived from the game of baseball. Sometimes referred to as "America's pastime," baseball has especially affected the language of other competitive activities such as politics and business. This is an alphabetical list of common English-language idioms based on baseball, excluding the extended metaphor referring to sex, and including illustrative examples for each entry. "See also the Glossary of baseball for the jargon of the game itself, as used by participants, fans, reporters, announcers, and analysts of the game." Under the headline, "Getting Past First Base," a

title: Portuguese language

text: mixture of Aravia or Gerigonça Judenga. While the term "língua vulgar" was used to name the language before D. Dinis decided to call it "Portuguese language", the erudite version used and known as Galician-Portuguese (the language of the Portuguese court) and all other Portuguese dialects were spoken at the same time. In a historical perspective the Portuguese language was never just one dialect. Just like today there is a standard Portuguese (actually two) among the several dialects of Portuguese, in the past there was Galician-Portuguese as the "standard", coexisting with other dialects. Portuguese has provided loanwords to many languages, such

text: Play." – Celeste Katz, "New York Daily News," 26 April 2011.lede on same story: "Brace yourself, New York City! President Obama is returning tomorrow for his third visit in less than a month, bringing the increasingly familiar swirl of traffic – and buckraking – that surrounds presidential campaigns".headline: "Cosmic Triple-Play: Asteroid Flyby, Fireball over Utah, Meteor Shower" – Charles Q. Choi, "SPACE.com," 18 November 2009. Glossary of English-language idioms derived from baseball American English has been enriched by expressions derived from the game of baseball. Sometimes referred to as "America's pastime," baseball has especially affected the language of other competitive

title: Portuguese language in Goa

text: language]] is a sign of prestige and social status: one who speaks Portuguese is considered to come from a good family. Currently, the Portuguese is spoken and learned as a second language for a small section of the Goans. [[Category:Culture of Goa]] [[Category:Portuguese dialects]] [[Category:Geographical distribution of the Portuguese language|Goa]] Portuguese language in Goa The Portuguese of Goa refers to the Portuguese language spoken in Goa, India. The history of the Portuguese dialect began in Goa due to Portuguese rule in the region that lasted for over 450 years. During the existence of the Portuguese State of India, Portuguese was

title: Galician Academy of the Portuguese Language

text: Galician Academy of the Portuguese Language The Galician Academy of the Portuguese Language (Portuguese: Academia Galega da Língua Portuguesa) is a learned institution dedicated to the advancement, study, and normalization of Galicia's language. The academy promotes Reintegrationism, the concept that the language spoken in Galicia (dubbed the Galician language by some) is in fact merely a dialect of the Portuguese language and should be standardized to the international Portuguese norms of language. The Academy’s goal is to promote the study of the country’s language and its integration into the Portuguese Language Orthographic Agreement of 1990. The Academy includes among its

title: Portuguese language

text: and the transborder region of the natural park of Peneda-Gerês/Xurês. It is "considered a rarity, a living vestige of the medieval language that ranged from Cantabria to Mondego [...]". As reported by UNESCO, due to the pressure of the Spanish language on the standard official version of the Galician language, the Galician language was on the verge of disappearing. According to the Unesco philologist Tapani Salminen, the proximity to Portuguese protects Galician. Nevertheless, the core vocabulary and grammar of Galician are still noticeably closer to Portuguese than to those of Spanish. In particular, like Portuguese, it uses the future subjunctive,

title: Houaiss Dictionary of the Portuguese Language

text: and European Portuguese. Houaiss Dictionary of the Portuguese Language The Dicionário Houaiss da Língua Portuguesa ("Houaiss Dictionary of the Portuguese Language") is a major reference dictionary for the Portuguese language, edited by Brazilian writer Antônio Houaiss. The dictionary was composed by a team of two hundred lexicographers from several countries. The project started in 1986 and was finished in 2000, one year after Houaiss's death. The book claims to be the most complete Portuguese dictionary to date, with around 228,500 entries, 376,500 senses, 415,500 synonyms, 26,400 antonyms, and 57,000 historical words. It aims to cover all variants of the language,

title: Portuguese language

text: of Latin during that time), which greatly enriched the lexicon. Most literate Portuguese speakers were also literate in Latin; and thus they easily adopted Latin words into their writing—and eventually speech—in Portuguese. Spanish author Miguel de Cervantes once called Portuguese "the sweet and gracious language", while the Brazilian poet Olavo Bilac described it as ("the last flower of Latium, rustic and beautiful"). Portuguese is also termed "the language of Camões", after Luís Vaz de Camões, one of the greatest literary figures in the Portuguese language and author of the Portuguese epic poem "Os Lusíadas". In March 2006, the Museum of

text: Community of Portuguese Language Countries The Community of Portuguese Language Countries (Portuguese: Comunidade dos Países de Língua Portuguesa; abbreviated as CPLP), occasionally known in English as the Lusophone Commonwealth, is an intergovernmental organization of Lusophone nations across four continents, where Portuguese is an official language, mostly of former colonies of the Portuguese Empire. The CPLP operates as a privileged multilateral forum for the mutual cooperation of the governments of its members, on both executive and ministerial levels, non-governmental organizations, and the various branches of the CPLP itself. CPLP is a multilateral forum created to deepen mutual friendship and cooperation among

text: Houaiss Dictionary of the Portuguese Language The Dicionário Houaiss da Língua Portuguesa ("Houaiss Dictionary of the Portuguese Language") is a major reference dictionary for the Portuguese language, edited by Brazilian writer Antônio Houaiss. The dictionary was composed by a team of two hundred lexicographers from several countries. The project started in 1986 and was finished in 2000, one year after Houaiss's death. The book claims to be the most complete Portuguese dictionary to date, with around 228,500 entries, 376,500 senses, 415,500 synonyms, 26,400 antonyms, and 57,000 historical words. It aims to cover all variants of the language, including African, Brazilian,

text: promoters some of the Galician delegates that attended the Rio de Janeiro and Lisbon meetings that led to the international treaty. The Academy is self-governing and independent, and maintains close ties with the Brazilian Academy of Letters and the Sciences Academy of Lisbon. In 2009 the Galician Academy produced a list of over one thousand words commonly used in Galicia’s Portuguese language, for introduction into various Portuguese and Brazilian dictionaries and vocabularies. Galician Academy of the Portuguese Language The Galician Academy of the Portuguese Language (Portuguese: Academia Galega da Língua Portuguesa) is a learned institution dedicated to the advancement, study,

title: Museum of the Portuguese Language

text: the language for the first time. The idea of a museum-monument to the language was conceived by the São Paulo Secretary of Culture in conjunction with the Roberto Marinho Foundation, at a cost of around 37 million reais. The objective of the museum is to create a living representation of the Portuguese language, where visitors may be surprised and educated by unusual and unfamiliar aspects of their own native language. Secondly, the caretakers of the museum, as expressed on the official website, "desire that, in this museum, the public has access to new knowledge and reflection in an intense and

title: History of Portuguese

text: Portuguese origin), "sepatu" "shoe" (from "sapato") in Indonesian, "keju" "cheese" (from "queijo") in Malay and "meza" "table" (from "mesa") in Swahili. Due to the vast expanse of the Portuguese Empire, there are also numerous words that entered English (see: List of English words of Portuguese origin) such as "albino", "baroque", "mosquito", "potato", "savvy" and "zebra". Both in morphology and in syntax, Portuguese represents an organic transformation of Latin without the direct intervention of any foreign language. The sounds, grammatical forms, and syntactical types, with a few exceptions, are derived from Latin, and almost 80% of its vocabulary is still derived

title: Sonnets from the Portuguese

text: Sonnets from the Portuguese Sonnets from the Portuguese, written ca. 1845–1846 and published first in 1850, is a collection of 44 love sonnets written by Elizabeth Barrett Browning. The collection was acclaimed and popular during the poet's lifetime and it remains so. Barrett Browning was initially hesitant to publish the poems, believing they were too personal. However, her husband Robert Browning insisted they were the best sequence of English-language sonnets since Shakespeare's time and urged her to publish them. To offer the couple some privacy, she decided to publish them as if they were translations of foreign sonnets. She initially

title: Museum of the Portuguese Language

text: pleasurable manner," as it notices the relationship of the language with others, as well as its proto-languages. The museum targets the Portuguese speaking population, made up of peoples from many regions and social backgrounds, but who still have not had the opportunity to gain a broader understanding of the origins, the history and the continuous evolution of the language. The project was conceived in 2001. It is speculated by many sources that São Paulo was chosen as the site of the museum for its symbolism, as it is the largest Portuguese-speaking city and metropolitan region in the world, with 20

title: Portuguese language in Africa

text: awareness of Portuguese as an African language. As a literary language, Portuguese has a strong role in the PALOP. Authors such as Luandino Vieira, Mia Couto, Pepetela, Lopito Feijóo, Luis Kandjimbo, Manuel Rui or Ondjaki have made valuable contributions to lusophone literature, prompting an African scent and ideas to the language and creating a place for the Portuguese language in the African imaginary. Portuguese is the language of journalism, which serves as a vehicle for the dissemination of the language. Literacy being an issue, radio serves as an important source of information for Lusophone Africans. BBC Para África, RFI and

title: Portuguese language

text: missionary activity in Japan. Building on the work of earlier Portuguese missionaries, the "Dictionarium Anamiticum, Lusitanum et Latinum" (Annamite–Portuguese–Latin dictionary) of Alexandre de Rhodes (1651) introduced the modern orthography of Vietnamese, which is based on the orthography of 17th-century Portuguese. The Romanization of Chinese was also influenced by the Portuguese language (among others), particularly regarding Chinese surnames; one example is "Mei". During 1583–88 Italian Jesuits Michele Ruggieri and Matteo Ricci created a Portuguese–Chinese dictionary—the first ever European–Chinese dictionary. For instance, as Portuguese merchants were presumably the first to introduce the sweet orange in Europe, in several modern Indo-European languages the

text: Portuguese Language Orthographic Agreement of 1990 The Portuguese Language Orthographic Agreement of 1990 (, ) is an international treaty whose purpose is to create a unified orthography for the Portuguese language, to be used by all the countries that have Portuguese as their official language. It was signed in Lisbon, on 16 December 1990, at the end of a negotiation, begun in 1980, between the Sciences Academy of Lisbon and the Brazilian Academy of Letters. The signatories included official representatives from all of the Portuguese-language countries except East Timor, which was under Indonesian occupation at the time, but later adhered

title: Portuguese language in Goa

text: Portuguese language in Goa The Portuguese of Goa refers to the Portuguese language spoken in Goa, India. The history of the Portuguese dialect began in Goa due to Portuguese rule in the region that lasted for over 450 years. During the existence of the Portuguese State of India, Portuguese was used extensively, in government or in the education system. In addition to the official government media, it was also used by [[missionaries in their missions, although the [[Portuguese language]] coexisted with other languages. However, after the [[Operation Vijay (1961)|Indian invasion]] of Goa, Daman and Diu by the [[Indian Army]] in

title: Portuguese language

text: the language was taken to many regions of Africa, Asia, and the Americas. By the mid-16th century, Portuguese had become a "lingua franca" in Asia and Africa, used not only for colonial administration and trade but also for communication between local officials and Europeans of all nationalities. Its spread was helped by mixed marriages between Portuguese and local people and by its association with Roman Catholic missionary efforts, which led to the formation of creole languages such as that called Kristang in many parts of Asia (from the word "cristão", "Christian"). The language continued to be popular in parts of

title: Museum of the Portuguese Language

text: and the last for Portuguese in the world. Each totem has three interactive monitors, one on each face. The objective of these is to show the rich cultural heritage of the language, and the contributions of many different areas the language and the Brazilian identity. Resembling an amphitheatre with terraces, this area is a "planetarium of words", with visual effects that are projected on the ceiling and a lighted floor. The projections include the great classics of prose and poetry in Portuguese along with sounds and images. The images were created by Eduardo Menezes, Guilherme Specht and André Wissenbach, with

title: Portuguese language

text: the personal infinitive, and the synthetic pluperfect. Mutual intelligibility (estimated at 90% by R. A. Hall, Jr., 1989) is excellent between Galicians and northern Portuguese. Many linguists consider Galician to be a co-dialect of the Portuguese language. Another member of the Galician-Portuguese group, most commonly thought of as a Galician dialect, is spoken in the Eonavian region in a western strip in Asturias and the westernmost parts of the provinces of León and Zamora, along the frontier with Galicia, between the Eo and Navia rivers (or more exactly Eo and Frexulfe rivers). It is called "eonaviego" or "gallego-asturiano" by its

title: Cafundó language

text: small (40 people in 1978). They live in a rural area, 150 km from the city of São Paulo, and are mostly of African descent. They also speak Portuguese, and use "cafundó" as a "secret" home language. A "cafundó" speaker and an African-born Bantu (Angolan or Mozambican) speaking Portuguese and Bantu languages can understand each other, because Angolan and Mozambican Portuguese also have their particular Bantu-derived characteristics. Cafundó language Cafundó (), or Cupópia (), is an argot ("secret language") spoken in the Brazilian village of Cafundó, São Paulo, now a suburb of Salto de Pirapora. The language is structurally similar

title: Tetum language

text: Portuguese-derived word "ezemplu" "example" is pronounced by some speakers, and conversely "Janeiru" "January" is pronounced . The sound , also not native to the language, often shifted to , as in "serbisu" "work" from Portuguese "serviço" (also note that a modern INL convention promotes the use of "serbisu" for "work" and "servisu" for "service"). The English spelling "Tetum" is derived from Portuguese, rather than from modern Tetum orthography. Consequently, some people regard "Tetun" as more appropriate. Although this coincides with the favoured Indonesian spelling, and the spelling with "m" has a longer history in English, "Tetun" has also been used

title: Uruguayan Portuguese

text: produced by expiring the air partly through the nose and partly through the mouth. They do not exist in Spanish and therefore are generally derived from Portuguese words. Distinguishing nasal vowels is very important, because they can completely change the meaning of the word, like in the following examples: In the next table, when there is a reference to Spanish, it refers to the Rioplatense Spanish dialect, and where there is a reference to Portuguese, it refers to Brazilian Portuguese and more specifically the Gaúcho dialect (from the Brazilian Southern state of Rio Grande do Sul). Uruguayan Portuguese Uruguayan Portuguese

title: Sonnets from the Portuguese

text: planned to title the collection "Sonnets translated from the Bosnian""," but Browning proposed that she claim their source was Portuguese, probably because of her admiration for Camões and Robert's nickname for her: "my little Portuguese". The title is also a reference to "Les Lettres Portugaises" (1669). The most famous poems from this collection are numbers 33 and 43: Sonnets from the Portuguese Sonnets from the Portuguese, written ca. 1845–1846 and published first in 1850, is a collection of 44 love sonnets written by Elizabeth Barrett Browning. The collection was acclaimed and popular during the poet's lifetime and it remains so.

title: Museum of the Portuguese Language

text: main goal of this program is the instruction of 4,800 teachers in the areas of the Portuguese language, literature, arts education, geography and history, involving around 300 public schools. The museum includes the following rooms and exhibits: The auditorium contains a large screen, nine meters wide, which plays a short film created by Antônio Risério and directed by Tadeu Jungle. This film covers the rise of human language, its history, diversity, power and importance. The screen reveals a revolving door that leads to the "Plaza of the Language". This giant space contains a much larger screen, 106 meters in length,

title: Portuguese language

text: dialects. Some would describe the phonology of Portuguese as a blend of Spanish, Gallo-Romance (e.g. French) and the languages of northern Italy (especially Genoese), but with a deeper Celtic influence. There is a maximum of 9 oral vowels, 2 semivowels and 21 consonants; though some varieties of the language have fewer phonemes. There are also five nasal vowels, which some linguists regard as allophones of the oral vowels. Like Catalan and German, Portuguese uses vowel quality to contrast stressed syllables with unstressed syllables. Unstressed isolated vowels tend to be raised and sometimes centralized. Phonetic notes A notable aspect of the

text: community in 2002 after regaining independence from Indonesia; Equatorial Guinea joined in 2014. Senegal and Mauritius are associate members. The flag symbolises the Portuguese-speaking countries' union: having a blue circle, divided into eight equal wavy shapes (the numbers of members of the CPLP) representing the sea (primary bond between the Community), at the center of a white field, in the center of which a small concentrical blue circle was placed representing the union. Flag of the Community of Portuguese Language Countries The flag of the Community of Portuguese Language Countries (or "flag of the CPLP") represents the intergovernmental organization for

title: Comparison of Portuguese and Spanish

text: criteria has been carried out, it has been suggested that words of French origin in Portuguese are significantly more numerous than those in Spanish. Here are some examples: Spanish kept much of the Mozarabic vocabulary of Arabic origin, while the Mozarabic component was less extensive in Portuguese. Thus we find a number of cases in which the usual Spanish word is derived from Arabic, while the corresponding word in Portuguese is Latin, Greek, Germanic or Celtic-derived, as in the following examples: There are some examples where a word of Arabic origin is used in Portuguese but not in Spanish, such

text: Equatorial Guinea then engaged in discussion for full membership. In June 2010, Equatorial Guinea asked to be admitted as full member. At its 8th summit in Luanda in July 2010, the CPLP decided to open formal negotiations with Equatorial Guinea about full membership in the CPLP. At its 10th summit in Dili in July 2014, Equatorial Guinea was admitted as CPLP member. Community of Portuguese Language Countries The Community of Portuguese Language Countries (Portuguese: Comunidade dos Países de Língua Portuguesa; abbreviated as CPLP), occasionally known in English as the Lusophone Commonwealth, is an intergovernmental organization of Lusophone nations across four

title: Geographical distribution of Portuguese speakers

text: Geographical distribution of Portuguese speakers The article provides details and data regarding the geographical distribution of all Portuguese speakers, regardless of the legislative status of the countries where it's spoken. The Portuguese language is one of the most widely spoken languages of the world and it's an official language of countries in four continents. It is the most spoken language of Latin America. This table depicts the native speakers of the language, which means that the table includes people who have been exposed to the Portuguese language from birth and, thus, excludes people who use the language as a L2.

title: Portuguese name

text: Roman name or of the tria nomina: praenomen (given name), nomen (gentile) and cognomen. Most Portuguese surnames have a patronymical, locative or religious origin. Patronymics are names derived from the father's given name that, many centuries ago, began to be used as surnames. They are a common form of surnames in the lands where Portuguese is spoken and also have developed in many other languages. In Portuguese, patronymics are surnames such as "Henriques", "Pires", "Rodrigues", "Lopes", "Nunes", "Mendes", "Fernandes", "Gonçalves", "Arantes", "Esteves" and "Álvares," where the ending -es- means ("son of"). Some surnames that originated in this way do not

title: Krio language

text: "gentri/gentree," which means wealth or to acquire wealth, is derived from the Old French word "gentry," and the Krio word "pikin," which means child, indirectly comes from the Portuguese word "pequeno" (meaning "small" and often used to mean children in Portuguese). In Sierra Leone the Krio Language is spoken by people with degrees in the fluency, as well as regional changes to the Krio. Many of the speakers of Sierra Leone Krio live in or close to the capital city, Freetown. As of 2007 there were close to 350,000 individuals who spoke Krio as a primary language. With even more