query: who seized power in italy in 1922?

title: Economy of Italy under fascism

text: Economy of Italy under fascism The economy of Italy under fascism refers to the economy in Italy between 1922 and 1943 when the fascists were in control. Italy had emerged from World War I in a poor and weakened condition and post-war there was inflation, massive debts and an extended depression. By 1920, the economy was in a massive convulsion—mass unemployment, food shortages, strikes and so on. This conflagration of viewpoints can be exemplified by the so-called Two Red Years. Benito Mussolini came to power in 1922 under a parliamentary coalition until the National Fascist Party seized control and ushered

title: Feminism in Italy

text: universities in 1876. In 1877 women in Italy became able to serve as witnesses to legal acts. Italy's first national Feminist Congress was organized by Per la Donna in 1911; in it speakers called for divorce rights for women, and more non-religious schools. In 1919 married women in Italy were granted separate economy, and public offices on lower levels were opened to women. The feminist movement was dealt a huge blow in 1922 when Benito Mussolini came to power, and the country's fascist era was underway. This period was generally anti-feminist. For example, fascist ideology dictated procreation as a woman's

title: Unitary Socialist Party (Italy, 1922)

text: Unitary Socialist Party (Italy, 1922) The Unitary Socialist Party ("Partito Socialista Unitario", PSU) was a social-democratic political party in Italy, active from 1922 to 1930. The party was founded in November 1922 by the reformist wing of the Italian Socialist Party (PSI) led by Filippo Turati and Giacomo Matteotti, after they had been expelled in October. A staunch opponent of Benito Mussolini and Fascism, Matteotti was assassinated by Fascists, affiliated to "OVRA", in June 1924. The event provoked the Aventine Secession. Outlawed in November 1925, the PSU became active in clandestinity, as the Italian Workers' Socialist Party ("Partito Socialista dei

title: Kingdom of Italy under Fascism (1922–1943)

text: popular reception and acceptance of Fascism using the perspectives of "aestheticization of politics" and "sacralisation of politics". By the 21st century, the old "anti-Fascist" postwar consensus was under attack from a group of revisionist scholars who have presented a more favorable and nationalistic assessment of Mussolini's role, both at home and abroad. Controversy rages as there is no consensus among scholars using competing interpretations based on revisionist, anti-Fascist, intentionalist or culturalist models of history. Kingdom of Italy under Fascism (1922–1943) Fascist Italy is the era of National Fascist Party government from 1922 to 1943 with Benito Mussolini as head of

title: 1919 in Italy

text: on Rome of Benito Mussolini in 1922. 1919 in Italy "See also:" 1918 in Italy, other events of 1919, 1920 in Italy. Events from the year 1919 in Italy. The years 1919 and 1920 were known as the Biennio Rosso (English: "Red Biennium"): a two-year period of intense social conflict and political unrest in Italy, following the First World War. The revolutionary period and nationalist agitation on the Mutilated victory and the failure to obtain territorial concessions in Dalmatia at the end of World War I to fulfil Italy’s irrendentist claims, was followed by the violent reaction of the Fascist

title: Censorship in Italy

text: access to Wi-Fi hotspots, the original 2005 law was repelled in 2011. In 2013, a new text was approved clarifying that operators are not required to identify users, nor to log the traffic. Access to the white nationalist forum Stormfront has also been blocked from Italy since 2012. Censorship in Italy In Italy, freedom of press is guaranteed by the Italian Constitution of 1948. Censorship in Italy was applied especially during the Fascist Regime of Benito Mussolini (1922-1945). Censorship in Italy was not created with Fascism, nor did it end with it, but it had heavy influence in the life

title: Censorship in Italy

text: Censorship in Italy In Italy, freedom of press is guaranteed by the Italian Constitution of 1948. Censorship in Italy was applied especially during the Fascist Regime of Benito Mussolini (1922-1945). Censorship in Italy was not created with Fascism, nor did it end with it, but it had heavy influence in the life of Italians under the Regime. The main goals were, concisely: Censorship fought ideological and defeatist contents, and any other work or content that could enforce disturbing cultural themes. This branch of the activity was mainly ruled by the "Ministero della Cultura Popolare" (Ministry of popular culture), commonly abbreviated

text: Kingdom of Italy under Fascism (1922–1943) Fascist Italy is the era of National Fascist Party government from 1922 to 1943 with Benito Mussolini as head of government of the Kingdom of Italy. The fascists imposed totalitarian rule and crushed the political and intellectual opposition, while promoting economic modernization, traditional social values and a rapprochement with the Roman Catholic Church. According to Payne (1996), "[the] Fascist government passed through several relatively distinct phases". The first phase (1923–1925) was nominally a continuation of the parliamentary system, albeit with a "legally-organized executive dictatorship". Then came the second phase, "the construction of the Fascist

title: Foreign relations of Italy

text: Italy. Italy also gained no territory from the breakup of the Ottoman Empire. Civil unrest erupted in Italy between nationalists who supported the war effort and opposed what they called the "mutilated victory" (as nationalists referred to it) and leftists who were opposed to the war. The Fascist government that came to power with Benito Mussolini in 1922 sought to increase the size of the Italian empire and to satisfy the claims of Italian irredentists. In 1935–36, in its second invasion of Ethiopia Italy was successful and merged its new conquest with its older east African colonies. In 1939, Italy

title: Economic history of Italy

text: low-risk state bonds. Italy had emerged from World War I in a poor and weakened condition. The National Fascist Party of Benito Mussolini came to power in Italy in 1922, at the end of a period of social unrest. During the first four years of the new regime, from 1922 to 1925, the Fascist had a generally laissez-faire economic policy: they initially reduced taxes, regulations and trade restrictions on the whole. However, "once Mussolini acquired a firmer hold of power... laissez-faire was progressively abandoned in favour of government intervention, free trade was replaced by protectionism and economic objectives were increasingly

title: Economy of Italy under fascism

text: the much greater conflict ahead (the Second World War in 1940–1945). Economy of Italy under fascism The economy of Italy under fascism refers to the economy in Italy between 1922 and 1943 when the fascists were in control. Italy had emerged from World War I in a poor and weakened condition and post-war there was inflation, massive debts and an extended depression. By 1920, the economy was in a massive convulsion—mass unemployment, food shortages, strikes and so on. This conflagration of viewpoints can be exemplified by the so-called Two Red Years. Benito Mussolini came to power in 1922 under a

title: Wind power in Italy

text: to ensure that power producers and importers produce specified percentages of electricity from renewables. Renewable energy under the quota system must come from new or repowered plants which began operating after April 1, 1999. The table shows the annual increase in installed wind power capacity in recent years. Wind power in Italy Wind power in Italy, at the end of 2015, consisted of more than 1,847 wind turbines with a total installed capacity of 8,958 megawatts. Wind power contributed 5.4% of Italy electricity generation in 2015 (14,589 GWh). Italy is ranked as the world's tenth producer of wind power as

title: Nuclear power in Italy

text: Nuclear power in Italy Nuclear power in Italy is a controversial topic. Italy started to produce nuclear energy in the early 1960s, but all plants were closed by 1990 following the Italian nuclear power referendum. As of 2018, Italy is one of only two countries, along with Lithuania, that completely phased out nuclear power for electricity generation after having operational reactors. An attempt to change the decision was made in 2008 by the government (see also nuclear power debate), which called the nuclear power phase-out a "terrible mistake, the cost of which totalled over €50 billion". Minister of Economic Development

title: Wind power in Italy

text: Wind power in Italy Wind power in Italy, at the end of 2015, consisted of more than 1,847 wind turbines with a total installed capacity of 8,958 megawatts. Wind power contributed 5.4% of Italy electricity generation in 2015 (14,589 GWh). Italy is ranked as the world's tenth producer of wind power as of the end of 2016. Prospects for Italian wind energy beyond 2016 are very uncertain. In 2010, the energy from the 487 active plants accounted for 19% of the renewable energy produced in Italy. The total energy produced in 2010 was 8,787 GWh, with an increase of 29%

title: Solar power in Italy

text: in remote areas and can be easily coupled with fossil fuel plants to increase reliability of electricity supply. STEM was first applied commercially in Sicily in 2016. Solar power in Italy Solar power in Italy increased rapidly in the last ten years, reaching an installed capacity that ranks fifth in the world. Solar power accounted for 7% of the electricity generated in Italy during 2013, ranking first in the world. In 2017, that number was close to 8%, which was beaten only by Germany in Europe. More than 730 000 solar power plants are currently installed in Italy, with a

title: Solar power in Italy

text: Solar power in Italy Solar power in Italy increased rapidly in the last ten years, reaching an installed capacity that ranks fifth in the world. Solar power accounted for 7% of the electricity generated in Italy during 2013, ranking first in the world. In 2017, that number was close to 8%, which was beaten only by Germany in Europe. More than 730 000 solar power plants are currently installed in Italy, with a total capacity of 19.7 GW. Sun energy currently produces around 26% of all renewable energy in the country. The years 2009-2013 saw a boom in installed photovoltaic

title: Geothermal power in Italy

text: 2013, Enel Green Power installed Gruppo Binario Bagnore3–1 MW. It was the first binary power plant in Italy. Geothermal power in Italy Geothermal power accounts for about 1.6-1.8% of the total electric energy production in Italy and is about 7% of the total renewable energy produced in 2010. The total energy from Geothermal was 5,660 GWh in 2015. Italy is the sixth country by geothermal installed capacity. There are 33 active geothermal plants with a total capacity of 772 MW. All the plants are in Tuscany in the provinces of Grosseto, Pisa and Siena. The province of Pisa alone contributes

title: Solar power in Italy

text: solar increased 75%, from 10,795 GWh to 18,861 GWh respectively. In 2012, Italy exceeded 16 GWp of solar power via 478,331 PV systems installed within the country. For comparison, in 2011 solar power accounted for 2.6% of electricity generated in the EU and 6.7% of electricity generated in Italy- the most in Europe. Finally, in 2011 Italy ranked first in installed solar power from new PV plants- with roughly four times the amount of power that was supplied in 2010. Italy’s solar power production continues to increase over the years. By July 2017, the solar power market had already grown

title: Nuclear power in Italy

text: company is responsible for the handling of nuclear waste and the dismantling and decontamination of decommissioned power plants. SOGIN also manages nuclear waste from other applications, such as medical devices and scientific centers. There are plans for the construction of a unique surface storage site for all the Italian nuclear waste, of which about 70% comes from old nuclear power plants. These highly radioactive materials are currently being reprocessed to reduce the total volume. Nuclear power in Italy Nuclear power in Italy is a controversial topic. Italy started to produce nuclear energy in the early 1960s, but all plants were

title: Solar power in Italy

text: In 2011 Italy ranked first in installed solar power from new PV plants- with roughly four times the amount of power that was supplied in 2010. Italy’s solar power production continued to increase over the years. By July 2017, the solar power market had already grown by 19% by the start of the year. This was mainly accomplished with the installation of five grid parity PV plants, which collectively hold a capacity of 63 MW. These panels are located in the Montalto di Castro region of Italy and were supplied by Canadian Solar Inc. As of the end of 2010,

title: Solar power in Italy

text: 2012. Annual growth rates were fast in recent years: 251% in 2009, 182% in 2010, and 466% in 2011. More than a fifth of the total production in 2010 came from the southern region of Apulia. In 2011, 20% came from Apulia, followed by 10% from Emilia-Romagna. Italy added an estimated 3.4 GW of capacity in 2012. In 2012, Italy exceeded 16 GWp of solar power via 478,331 PV systems installed within the country. For comparison, in 2011 solar power accounted for 2.6% of electricity generated in the EU and 6.7% of electricity generated in Italy- the most in Europe.

title: Geothermal power in Italy

text: Geothermal power in Italy Geothermal power accounts for about 1.6-1.8% of the total electric energy production in Italy and is about 7% of the total renewable energy produced in 2010. The total energy from Geothermal was 5,660 GWh in 2015. Italy is the sixth country by geothermal installed capacity. There are 33 active geothermal plants with a total capacity of 772 MW. All the plants are in Tuscany in the provinces of Grosseto, Pisa and Siena. The province of Pisa alone contributes for more than half of the national production. In the 20th century, demand for electricity led to the

title: Solar power in Italy

text: power has already reached grid parity in Italy. Around 1850 wood, charcoal and straw were the main energy sources for many European countries. In Italy, due to a lack of coal, renewable hydro energy from the Alps made industrialization possible at the end of the 19th century. Using the local hydro resources made it also possible to be independent of coal imports. In 1914, 74% of the Italian electric power came from hydroelectricity. By the early 1990s there were already pioneers of solar energy in Italy. One was the chemist Giacomo Ciamician. In his journal article, ‘The Photochemistry of the

title: Solar power in Italy

text: is the largest photovoltaic power station in Italy with 85 MW. Other examples of large PV plants in Italy are San Bellino (70.6 MW), Cellino san Marco (42.7 MW) and Sant’ Alberto (34.6 MW). Apart from the more conventional solar PV technology, Italy may in the future challenge Spain as the role of Europe’s leading country in the developing technology concentrated solar power (CSP). CSP requires higher direct solar irradiation to function efficiently, which leaves only part of the country suitable for this technique. However, the southern regions as well as the islands of Sicily and Sardinia offer good conditions

title: Wind power in Italy

text: from the previous year. In 2001, the European Commission issued its Directive on Electricity Production from Renewable Energy Sources. The Directive set a goal for Italy to obtain at least 25% of its electricity from renewables by 2010. The 1999 Italian ‘White Book’ targeted to install 2,500 MW of wind power capacity by 2010; Italy exceeded this in 2007. The Italian government targeted 12,000 MW by 2020. Given that Italy's recent growth in wind power capacity has been about 30% annually, the target appears reachable by 2015. Italy introduced a renewable energy quota system in 2002, and uses green certificates

title: Nuclear power in Italy

text: Latina, or Montalto di Castro. The first two had small reactors operating until 1982 and 1987. At Montalto di Castro two larger reactors were nearly completed when the country's referendum halted the construction in November 1987. On 24 February 2009, a new agreement between France and Italy was signed, thus allowing Italy to share in France's expertise in the area of nuclear power station design. Under the agreement, a study was to be conducted to determine the feasibility of building 4 new nuclear power stations in Italy. On 9 July 2009 the Italian legislature passed an energy bill covering the

title: Solar power in Italy

text: by 19% by the start of the year. This was mainly accomplished with the installation of five grid-parity PV plants, which collectively hold a capacity of 63 MW. These panels are located in the Montalto di Castro region of Italy and were supplied by Canadian Solar Inc. Italy currently maintains various concentrated solar power (CSP) projects. Concentrated solar power plants concentrate solar energy into single points of collection with, for instance, mirrors, to maximize energy capture. Four types of CSP technologies are currently available on the market. These include parabolic troughs, fresnel mirrors, power towers, and solar dish collectors. The

title: Solar power in Italy

text: in the Po river plain to 5.4kWh per square meter per day in Sicily. As of 2018, solar PVs account for 7.9% of electricity demand. As such, Italy is a major leader in solar power generation and development. While solar power has a great capacity for energy generation, solar technologies are best paired with technologies that consume technologies efficiently. Solar energy is expected to reach levels of energy production comparable to conventional methods in the near future. Italy made some notable advances in early in the development of their solar program. For instance, between 2011 and 2012 electricity generation via

title: Nuclear power in Italy

text: of the Caorso power plant started in 1970 and was completed in 1978. At the same time, Italy initiated a nuclear weapons program to produce its own nuclear weapons essentially under the Italian Navy control. CAMEN (then CISAM) close Pisa was used for this aim. It was stopped in the '70s to join NATO nuclear sharing. For this sector Italy has produced the IRBM Alfa and other air vectors. The former Italian President Francesco Cossiga declared officially in Italy secrets about nuclear weapons subject like all military ones are generally hidden by silence or lies. Italy suffered much from the

title: Geothermal power in Italy

text: consideration of geothermal power as a generating source. Prince Piero Ginori Conti tested the first geothermal power generator on 4 July 1904 in Larderello, in the province of Pisa. It successfully lit four light bulbs. Later, in 1911, the world's first commercial geothermal power plant was built there. Experimental generators were built in other countries in the 1920s, but Italy was the world's only industrial producer of geothermal electricity until 1958. On May 30, 2012, Enel Green Power announced the entry into service of the completely new geothermal power station "Rancia 2" in the town of Radicondoli, in the province

title: Nuclear power in Italy

text: near-complete Montalto di Castro Nuclear Power Station, and the early closure of Enrico Fermi and Caorso Nuclear Power Plant, both of which closed in 1990. Italy's other nuclear power plants had already closed prior to the decision. The Montalto di Castro plant was subsequently converted to the "Alessandro Volta" fossil fuel power station. In later years, Italy became a larger importer of power, importing approximately 10% of its electricity from France by 2007. On 13 November 2007, during his speech at the World Energy Council in Rome, Italy's nuclear stance was criticized by CEO of Eni, Paolo Scaroni. In January

title: Nuclear power in Italy

text: for studying the feasibility of building at least four reactors using Areva's European Pressurized Reactors. The Italian Government put a one-year moratorium on its plans to revive nuclear power, following the 2011 Japanese nuclear accidents. A further Italian nuclear power referendum was held on 13 June 2011, with a 54.79% turnout and 94% of the votes rejecting the use of Nuclear Power, leading to cancellations of any future nuclear power plants planned during the previous years. Nuclear power plants in Italy are currently being decommissioned by SOGIN, a company under control of the Italian Ministry of Economy and Finance. The

title: Nuclear power in Italy

text: 2008, a think tank Energy Lab started a feasibility study for construction of three or four new nuclear power plants in Italy as a part of a new debate on nuclear power in the country. The Italian general election of April 2008 saw the victory of the People of Freedom, a party which strongly supports nuclear power. Following the election victory, the new Italy's Minister for Economic Development Claudio Scajola announced the scheduling for the start of the construction of a new nuclear-powered plant by 2013. Enel S.p.A. planned to build new reactors at one of three licensed sites: Garigliano,

title: Nuclear power in Italy

text: nuclear energy started in Italy and eventually led to the nuclear power referendum of November 1987, which polled voters on three issues: Some commenters find that the questions were actually too technical for non-experts and were used to obtain popular consent after Chernobyl disaster. This was caused by the fact that referendum in Italy can be only "abrogative", therefore it can only cancel an act, it can not set a national energy program. In each referendum "Sì" ("Yes") won. Subsequently, the Italian government decided in 1988 to phase out existing plants. This led to the termination of work on the

title: Solar power in Italy

text: which uses Linear Fresnel reflector technology to focus solar energy to one point of fluidized storage consisting of oil. Salerno based Magaldi Industries, partnered with University of Naples and National Research Council of Italy, pioneered a new form of CSP called Solar Thermoelectric Magaldi (STEM). The first plant of this type was pioneered in Sicily in 2016. This technology utilizes off-grid applications to produce 24-hour industrial scale power for mining sites and remote communities in Italy, other parts of Europe, Australia, Asia, North Africa and Latin America. STEM uses fluidized silica sand as a thermal storage and heat transfer medium

title: Nuclear power in Italy

text: power in Italy starts at the end of 1946, when the "Cise", a small centre for nuclear energy research, was created. A few years later, a public research institute linked to the CNR, the "Cnrn" ("Comitato Nazionale per le Ricerche Nucleari", National Committee for Nuclear Research), was founded. The "Cnrn" became an autonomous research entity in 1960, the "Cnen" ("Comitato Nazionale per l'Energia Nucleare", National Committee for Nuclear Energy). During all the 1950s there was a common belief that nuclear energy would have provided within few years, safely and economically, all the energy needed. Italy ordered between 1956 and 1958

title: Nuclear power in Italy

text: Claudio Scajola proposed to build as many as 10 new reactors, with the goal of increasing the nuclear share of Italy's electricity supply to about 25% by 2030. However, following the 2011 Japanese nuclear accidents, the Italian government put a one-year moratorium on plans to revive nuclear power. On 11—12 June 2011, Italian voters passed a referendum to cancel plans for new reactors. Over 94% of the electorate voted in favor of the construction ban, with 55% of the eligible voters participating, making the vote binding. There are no nuclear power plants in operation in Italy. The history of nuclear

title: Longobards in Italy: Places of Power (568–774 A.D.)

text: Longobards in Italy: Places of Power (568–774 A.D.) Longobards in Italy: Places of Power (568–774 A.D.) is seven groups of historic buildings that reflect the achievements of the Germanic tribe of the Lombards (also referred to as "Longobards"), who settled in Italy during the sixth century and established a Lombard Kingdom which ended in 774 A.D. The groups comprise monasteries, church buildings, and fortresses and became UNESCO World Heritage Sites in June 2011 as they testify "to the Lombards' major role in the spiritual and cultural development of Medieval European Christianity". The Gastaldaga area and the Episcopal complex at Cividale

text: of the Via Francigena which leads to the Holy Land. The sanctuary has been mostly reconstructed, especially the higher parts; during the Longobard age, only the crypts provided access to the cave where, according to tradition, Michael the archangel had appeared Longobards in Italy: Places of Power (568–774 A.D.) Longobards in Italy: Places of Power (568–774 A.D.) is seven groups of historic buildings that reflect the achievements of the Germanic tribe of the Lombards (also referred to as "Longobards"), who settled in Italy during the sixth century and established a Lombard Kingdom which ended in 774 A.D. The groups comprise

title: Unitary Socialist Party (Italy, 1922)

text: Lavoratori Italiani", PSLI). In June 1930 the PSLI re-joined the PSI. Leading members and activists of the party included Oddino Morgari, Sandro Pertini, Camillo Prampolini, Claudio Treves and Anna Kulischov. The party was a member of the Labour and Socialist International between 1923 and 1930. Unitary Socialist Party (Italy, 1922) The Unitary Socialist Party ("Partito Socialista Unitario", PSU) was a social-democratic political party in Italy, active from 1922 to 1930. The party was founded in November 1922 by the reformist wing of the Italian Socialist Party (PSI) led by Filippo Turati and Giacomo Matteotti, after they had been expelled in

title: Nuclear power in Italy

text: 3 different reactors from 3 different companies: Westinghouse, General Electric and Npcc. The reactors were built in Trino Vercellese, Sessa Aurunca and Latina and were all completed by 1964. At that time electric companies in Italy were private and the power plants were built by different private companies. However the electricity sector was nationalized in 1962 with the creation of a new corporation responsible for production and distribution of electricity in the country: Enel. This factor is thought to be the reason for Italy's halt in nuclear investments. In fact, only one reactor was ordered in the following decade: construction

title: Solar power in Italy

text: for CSP, and the Italian government has made large investments to promote this development. Today, there are three plants up and running in the country. The first one, Archimede solar plant, was installed on the island of Sicily in 2010, with a capacity of 5 MW. However, planning and promotion is underway for several additional projects, which would add another yearly capacity of 360 MW. As of 2018, solar PV accounts for 7.9% of electricity demand, making Italy a major leader in solar power generation and development. Energy production from photovoltaics was 1,905.7 GWh in 2010, and 18,800 GWh in

title: Solar power in Italy

text: Future’ he predicted the use of solar energy. During World War I, Italy was not able to prevent an energy crisis revealing the dependence on imported fuels, mainly coal. After the crisis, hydro-power installations increased to ensure energy independence. This interest in locally available energy sources was in line with the economic self-sufficiency policies of the fascist regime. With the promotion of these policies, research into renewable energy use increased. As a result, more than 90% of total electricity production was renewable energy by the start of World War II. After World War II there was a change in policies.

title: Solar power in Italy

text: there were 155,977 solar PV plants, with a total capacity of 3,469.9 MW. At the end of 2011, there were 330,196 installations, totaling 12,773 MW. The number of plants and the total capacity surged between 2009 and 2011 following high incentives from "Conto Energia". The total power capacity installed tripled and plants installed doubled in 2010 compared to 2009, with an increase of plant's average dimensions. The increase was even greater in 2011. The annual energy production from solar PV in Italy ranges from 1,000 to 1,500 kWh per installed kWp. A 2013 report by Deutsche Bank concluded that solar

title: 1922 in Greece

text: 1922 in Greece The year 1922 was the most calamitous in the whole history of modern Greece. It witnessed the shattering of hopes and aspirations nourished by Hellenism ever since the first days of its struggle for independence and the realization of the dream of a free Hellas, the centenary of which had just been celebrated; more particularly of the idea of a greater Greece with which the name of Eleftherios Venizelos has been so closely associated ever since his first call to power in 1910. From a Balkan power of dominant magnitude Greece was thrown back into the unenviable

title: Turks in Italy

text: was expanding mightily in southeastern Europe. It completed the invasion and occupation of the Byzantine Empire in 1453 under Sultan Mehmet II by conquering Constantinople and Galata. It seized Genoa's last bastions in the Black Sea in 1475 and Venice's Greek colony of Euboea in 1479. Turkish troops invaded the Friuli region in northeastern Italy in 1479 and again in 1499–1503. The Apulian harbor town of Otranto, located about 100 kilometers southeast of Brindisi, was seized in 1480, but the Turks were routed there in 1481 when Mehmet died and a war for his succession broke out. Cem Sultan, pretender

title: Islam in Italy

text: It completed the absorption of the Byzantine Empire in 1453 under Sultan Mehmet II by conquering Constantinople and Galata. It seized Genoa's last bastions in the Black Sea in 1475 and Venice's Greek colony of Euboea in 1479. Turkish troops invaded the Friuli region in northeastern Italy in 1479 and again in 1499–1503. The Apulian harbor town of Otranto, located about 100 kilometers southeast of Brindisi, was seized in 1480 (Ottoman invasion of Otranto), but the Turks were routed there in 1481 by an alliance of several Italian city-states, Hungary and France led by the prince Alphonso II of Naples,

title: Energy in Italy

text: source is hydroelectric power, which was practically the only source of electricity until 1960. Wind and solar power grew rapidly between 2010 and 2013 thanks to high incentives. Italy has few energy resources, and most of supplies are imported. In 2014 Italy consumed 291.083 TWh (4790 kWh/person) in electricity, consumption in household were 1057 kWh/person. Italy is a net importer of electricity: the country imported 46,747.5 GWh and exported 3,031.1 GWh in 2014. Gross production in 2014 was 279.8 TWh. The main power sources are natural gas and hydroelectricity. Italy has no nuclear power since it was banished in 1987

text: speed and sport. Women were to attend to motherhood and stay out of public affairs. In 1870 the newly formed Kingdom of Italy annexed the remaining Papal States, depriving the Pope of his temporal power. Relations with the Roman Catholic Church improved significantly during Mussolini's tenure. Despite earlier opposition to the Church, after 1922 Mussolini made an alliance with the Catholic Partito Popolare Italiano ("Italian People's Party"). In 1929, Mussolini and the papacy came to an agreement that ended a standoff that reached back to 1860 and had alienated the Church from the Italian government. The Orlando government had begun

title: 1922 in jazz

text: 1922 in jazz This is a timeline documenting events of Jazz in the year 1922. Musicians born that year included Carmen McRae and Charles Mingus. In 1922, the jazz age was well underway. Chicago and New York City were becoming the most important centres for jazz, and jazz was becoming very profitable for jazz managers such as Paul Whiteman who by 1922 managed some 28 different jazz ensembles on the east coast, earning over a $1,000,000 in 1922. Despite its popularity, as a form of music Jazz was still not appreciated by many critics, including Anne Faulkner who passed off

title: Italy in the Middle Ages

text: Lombards seized Ravenna and the Exarchate of Ravenna was abolished. This ended the Byzantine presence in central Italy (although some coastal cities and some areas in south Italy remained under Byzantine control until the 11th century). Facing a new Lombard offensive, the papacy appealed to the Franks for aid. In 756 Frankish forces defeated the Lombards and gave the Papacy legal authority over all of central Italy, thus creating the Papal States. However, the remainder of Italy stayed under Lombard (such as Benevento and Spoleto) or Byzantine (such as Calabria, Apulia and Sicily) control. In 774, upon a Papal invitation,

title: Driving licence in Italy

text: Driving licence in Italy In Italy the driving licence is a governmental right given to those who request a licence for any of the categories they desire. It is required for every type of motorized vehicle. The minimum age to obtain a driving licence is: 16 years for a motorcycle 125cc with a limit of motor power of 11 kW and for a quadricycle motor (cars with a weight of 400 kg (550 kg if it's for freight transport)and a motor power not exceeding 15 kW), 18 years for a car or a motorcycle without a limit for the engine

title: Electricity sector in Italy

text: consumption of the country (5.3% in 2005). Solar energy production alone accounted for almost 9% of the total electric consumption in the country in 2014, making Italy the country with the highest contribution from solar energy in the world. Italy has abandoned nuclear power following a referendum in the wake of the 1986 Chernobyl disaster, and nuclear power in Italy has never been greater than a few percent of total power generation. Italy has a high share of electricity in the total final energy consumption. The share of primary energy dedicated to electricity production is above 35%, and grew steadily

title: 11 September 1922 Revolution

text: 11 September 1922 Revolution The 11 September 1922 Revolution () was an uprising by the Greek army and navy against the government in Athens. The revolution took place on 11 September 1922. The Greek Army had just been defeated in the Asia Minor Campaign and had been evacuated from Anatolia to the Greek islands in the eastern Aegean. Discontent among the middle-ranking officers and men for the campaign's conduct by the royal government boiled over into armed revolt led by pro-Venizelist and anti-royalist officers. The mutiny spread quickly and seized power in Athens, forcing King Constantine I to abdicate and

title: Renewable energy in Italy

text: not accounted for in consumption figures. All 8,047 Italian municipalities (comune) have deployed some source of renewable energy, with hydroelectric power being the leading renewable energy source in terms of production. Bio energy, wind power and geothermal power also make an important contribution to national energy demands. By 2013, renewable energy primary consumption in Italy had grown to 14.6 Mtoe (Million tonnes of oil equivalent). Italy has implemented generous incentive schemes to encourage the development of renewable energy production. Its largest scheme incentivised solar PV production and lead Italy from a low base of installed PV in 2010 to become

title: Electricity sector in Italy

text: 2010, with hydroelectric plants located mainly in the Alps and the Apennines. From the beginning of the 20th century to the 1950s, hydroelectric power accounted for the majority of generated power, but as energy needs increased approaching the 21st century that percentage dropped significantly. Italy does not have nuclear power due to a public vote against it in the wake of the 1986 Chernobyl disaster. Much concern has arisen because Italy is in a seismically active area, placing it at greater risk for a nuclear accident. Former Prime Minister of Italy Silvio Berlusconi and President of France Nicolas Sarkozy made

title: Renewable energy in Italy

text: an estimated 6,160 GWh of electricity in 2015. According to industry sources Italy was the world's sixth largest producer of geothermal electricity (see Geothermal power in Italy). <graph>{ "version": 2, }</graph> The production of electricity from bio energy more than doubled between 2010 and 2015 rising from 9,440 GWh to 18,894 GWh. Production from Bio Energy rose most rapidly in the years to 2014. Electricity from bio energy makes a considerable contribution in Italy, producing more electricity than wind power in each year shown above. A small increase in production was estimated for 2015. Italy has administered a comprehensive range

title: Electricity sector in Italy

text: Electricity sector in Italy The electricity sector in Italy describes the production, sale, and use of electrical power in Italy. The country's total electricity consumption was 297.3 TWh in 2013, of which 278.8 TWh (93.7%) was produced domestically (the remaining 6.3% was imported). According to its national energy plan, Italy plans to increase renewable power generation from all renewable sources to 26% of all electricity produced by 2020, covering 17% of its total energy consumption. In 2014, 38.2% of the national electric energy consumption came from renewable sources (in 2005 this value was 15.4%), covering 16.2% of the total energy

title: Electricity sector in Italy

text: production companies were created: "Endesa Italia", "Edipower" and "Tirreno Power". A new European directive, 2003/54/CE of 2003, and a subsequent Italian decree, requested a free electricity trading for all commercial clients from July 2004 and, eventually, a complete opening of the market for private customers from July 2007. Electricity sector in Italy The electricity sector in Italy describes the production, sale, and use of electrical power in Italy. The country's total electricity consumption was 297.3 TWh in 2013, of which 278.8 TWh (93.7%) was produced domestically (the remaining 6.3% was imported). According to its national energy plan, Italy plans to

title: Electricity sector in Italy

text: an agreement to construct four nuclear power plants in Italy in February 2009. In April 2009, the 2009 L'Aquila earthquake struck, which caused further concern. Based on the Seveso II Directive, neighbouring countries may end nuclear-energy prospects in Italy. The actual construction of nuclear power is unlikely due to the lack of public support and environmental and construction concerns. The 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami and the Fukushima nuclear power disaster in Japan in March 2011 caused international investors and politicians to review energy policy with regard to nuclear power. In a subsequent referendum to cancel plans for new reactors,

title: Renewable energy in Italy

text: countries such as Germany and record breaking Denmark in terms of realised potential. Installed capacity grew in 2015 whilst production fell slightly in that year, demonstrating that wind power can vary somewhat from year to year but not as dramatically as hydroelectric power. <graph>{ "version": 2, }</graph> As with hydroelectricity geothermal power has been used in Italy for many decades. Production is based in Central Italy particularly around the iconic city of Pisa. Installed capacity grew from 772 MW in 2010 to 824 MW by 2015. Geothermal power production has been on a slow upward trend since 2010 and produced

title: Christianity in Italy

text: the supremacy over the city of Rome. This ended on 20 September 1870, shortly after the defeat of Napoleon III. The Kingdom of Italy moved its capital to Rome and the Catholic Church lost any remaining temporal power. The defeat of the Pope by the Kingdom of Italy gave rise to a long period of antagonism between ecclesiastical and Italian powers. This resulted in the Catholic Church suggesting its believers not to take part in the affairs of the Kingdom of Italy, and the consequent laicisation of Italian politics. The Kingdom of Italy and the Catholic Church managed to reapproach

title: Solar power in Italy

text: 2005 to 2015 solar power has increased on average by 63.7% per year. The share of renewables in electricity generation has increased from 17.2% in 2005 to 40.2% in 2015, including 9.3% of solar power. This is the highest share of solar in electricity among International Energy Agency (IEA) countries. And the third-highest share of solar power in TPES. Important institutions that are responsible for energy policies, the promotion and development of renewable energy, energy efficiency, co-ordination and payment of incentives are the Ministry of Economic Development (MSE), the Ministry for the Environment, Land and Sea (MATTM), the Ministry of

title: 1922 in jazz

text: jazz as "a destructive dissonance", asking if the music "put the sin in syncopation"and Henry van Dyke who described jazz as "an unmitigated cacophony, a species of music invented by demons for the torture of imbeciles. Chicago in 1922 in particular was attracting bands such as Joe "King" Oliver's Creole Jazz Band at the Lincoln Gardens, joined by Louis Armstrong on August 8, 1922, and the Austin High Gang featuring Frank Teschemacher (clarinet), Jimmy McPartland (cornet), Richard McPartland (guitar and banjo) and Lawrence "Bud" Freeman (saxophone) who began playing at the Friar's Inn in Chicago. Meanwhile, on the New York

title: Renewable energy in Italy

text: in 2013 installations of solar PV have continued but at a slower rate. The government has indicated that it intends to focus funding incentives more on other sources of renewable energy in the future. Several sources believe that solar power has reached grid parity in Italy. <graph>{ "version": 2, }</graph> The installed capacity of wind power was 9,126 MW in 2015. Growth in windpower has not been at the breakneck speed of solar power and the developed potential in Italy remains somewhat moderate. It is far behind its western Mediterranean neighbour Spain ( 23,003 MW) and behind other wind pioneering

title: Renewable energy in Italy

text: Italy and this source has a long history in the peninsula and reflects Italy's mountainous geography and high water runoff. Some of Italy's largest hydroelectric plants operate pumped storage providing the country with a means of balancing and storing the variable output from the countries growing solar and wind power facilities. <graph>{ "version": 2, }</graph> The installed capacity of solar PV power was 18,910 MW in 2015 having risen from just 1,906 MW in 2010. In 2014 Italy was the world’s leading country in terms of solar power coverage of domestic electricity supply, with around 8% of total electricity generation

title: Electricity sector in Italy

text: since the 1970s. Emissions of carbon dioxide per capita in 2007 were 7.4 tons, below the EU27 average of 7.9 tons CO. Emission change 1990/2007 was 10% increase. For a detailed picture of the sources of electric power in Italy (including decommission nuclear plants and renewable energy projects), see the List of power stations. In 2008 Italy consumed electricity in 6,054 kWh per capita, while the EU15 average was slightly higher 7,409 kWh per capita. In 2009 consumption was divided by power source: 13.5% import, 65.8% fossil electricity and 20.7% renewable electricity. Fossil fuels are the most common source of

title: Geothermal energy in Italy

text: a mapping of Italy in four areas: Italy uses its lower temperature fluids for spas, agriculture, industry and district heating. A large portion of house heating is concentrated in the Abano spa area, in northeast Italy. As district heating the most important plants are in Ferrara and Vicenza in the eastern Po Valley, about 1990. Smaller district heating plants are found in Bagno di Romagna and Acqui Terme. Geothermal energy in Italy Geothermal energy in Italy is mainly used for electric power production. Italy is located above a relatively thin crust, with four large areas of underground heat: A 2018

title: Italy

text: of revolutionary political upheaval. After centuries of foreign domination and political division, Italy was almost entirely unified in 1871, establishing the Kingdom of Italy as a great power. From the late 19th century to the early 20th century, Italy rapidly industrialised, namely in the north, and acquired a colonial empire, while the south remained largely impoverished and excluded from industrialisation, fuelling a large and influential diaspora. Despite being one of the main victors in World War I, Italy entered a period of economic crisis and social turmoil, leading to the rise of a fascist dictatorship in 1922. Participation in World

text: Christian Italian and was baptized as a Roman Catholic. Another prominent Jewish Italian Fascist was Ettore Ovazza, who was a vocal Italian nationalist and an opponent of Zionism in Italy. 230 Italian Jews took part in the Fascists' March on Rome in 1922. In 1932, Mussolini made his private attitude about Jews known to the Austrian ambassador when discussing the issue of the antisemitism of Hitler, saying: "I have no love for the Jews, but they have great influence everywhere. It is better to leave them alone. Hitler's anti-Semitism has already brought him more enemies than is necessary." At the

text: the spirit of Roman glory. After the war, most historiography was intensely hostile to Mussolini, emphasizing the theme of Fascism and totalitarianism. An exception was conservative historian Renzo De Felice (1929–1996), whose four volumes and 6,000 pages of biography (1965–1997) remain the most exhaustive examination of public and private documents and serves as a basic resource for all scholars. De Felice argued that Mussolini was a revolutionary modernizer in domestic issues, but a pragmatist in foreign policy who continued the Realpolitik policies of liberal Italy (1861–1922). In the 1990s, a cultural turn began with studies that examined the issue of

title: 1922 in France

text: resident-general, on suggested reforms in the administration. In Morocco Millerand was struck by the prestige and authority which Marshal Hubert Lyautey had managed to preserve for the person and the office of the sultan, and his success in maintaining a native government which was respected side by side with a protecting power which was obeyed. Millerand said: "France can be proud of its African domain. ... She has not come to enslave. ... The Mohammedan world can have confidence in her, and hand in hand with her aspire to a glorious future." The last weeks of 1922 brought into view

title: Italy

text: Empire, Italy fell under the power of Odoacer's kingdom, and, later, was seized by the Ostrogoths, followed in the 6th century by a brief reconquest under Byzantine Emperor Justinian. The invasion of another Germanic tribe, the Lombards, late in the same century, reduced the Byzantine presence to the rump realm of the Exarchate of Ravenna and started the end of political unity of the peninsula for the next 1,300 years. The Lombard kingdom was subsequently absorbed into the Frankish Empire by Charlemagne in the late 8th century. The Franks also helped the formation of the Papal States in central Italy.

title: Geothermal energy in Italy

text: Geothermal energy in Italy Geothermal energy in Italy is mainly used for electric power production. Italy is located above a relatively thin crust, with four large areas of underground heat: A 2018 report by the Italian Geothermal Union indicated that Italy has additional geothermal energy potential which has yet to be utilized. Research into the potential for geothermal energy started in 1977, following the oil crisis, with work of ENEL and ENI, which started jointly to bore hundreds of wells in Italy, creating a complete map of the underground resource. But in the '90s, the exploratory activity stopped. Following results

title: Prostitution in Italy

text: the abolition of prostitution itself. However, these forces led to the introduction of a new system in Italy that abolished regulation, but not prostitution as such. The "Legge Merlin" (L75/1958) (the Merlin Law, named after its main author, the Socialist Party member of parliament Lina Merlin), came into power on 20 September 1958. This law, still in force today with very little changes, revoked the regulation system, banned brothels, and established a new criminal offence called "exploitation of prostitution" ("sfruttamento della prostituzione") with the aim to punish procuring of sexual services. Specifically, article 3.8 provides penalties for "any person who

title: Solar power in Italy

text: Energia 2. Conto Energia 3 ran briefly, resulting in 1,567 MW of installed power at an annual cost of €0.65 billion. This was succeeded by Conto Energia 4 which resulted in the largest increase in solar capacity so far at 7,600 MW of installed power at the annual cost of €2.47 billion. The final Conto Energia 5 was introduced by ministerial decree in 2012. It was announced that the feed in tariff would end once the total annual costs of the cumulative Conto Energia scheme reached €6.7 billion. This figure was reached in 2013 and the final Conto Energia scheme

title: Scouting and Guiding in Italy

text: order to form the "Associazione Guide e Scouts Cattolici Italiani" (AGESCI). Some ASCI and AGI leaders, who had disagreed with the merger (and, above all, opposed the principle of coeducation) and had refused to join AGESCI, formed the "Associazione Italiana Guide e Scouts d'Europa Cattolici" (AIGSEC or "Scouts d'Europa"), along with disgruntled members of the early AGESCI, in 1976. A separate Scout association existed at Trieste. Italy was a founding member of the World Organization of the Scout Movement (WOSM) in 1922 and, after its suspension during the Fascist regime, was readmitted to WOSM in 1946. Since 1986 AGESCI and

title: Solar power in Italy

text: (PV) nameplate capacity, increasing nearly 15-fold, and 2013's year-end capacity of 17,928 MW ranked third in the world, ahead of the United States at that time. This was partly due to the generous solar PV power generation incentives offered under the "Conto Energia" schemes. As of 2013, the sector provided employment to about 100,000 people, especially in design and installation. However, solar capacity growth essentially came to a stop after 2013, due to cessation of governmental subsidy programmes. Since then, annual installed PV capacity have been around 300-400MW per year. The Montalto di Castro Photovoltaic Power Station, completed in 2010,

title: Electricity sector in Italy

text: electrical energy in Italy, accounting for 72.7% of the total production in 2012. Of these, natural gas is the predominant source; it accounts for 59.5% of the total power produced using fossil fuels. the total electricity produced by natural gas was 173 TWh in 2008. Coal (21.6%), petroleum, (4.3%), other gases (2%), and other solid combustibles (biomass, waste, bitumen, and others, 12.2%), contribute smaller percentages to the total production. Italy is the world's 14th largest producer of hydroelectric power, with a total of 41,456 GWh produced in 2012. Energy from hydro accounted for about 18% of the national production in

title: Women in Italy

text: woman, to participate actively in the construction of the greatness of their country, "as Annalisa Terranova wrote in his "Camiciette Nere". Notable for that time were the rules that established the ban of the dismissal in case of pregnancy and a waiting period for maternity. More than only this laws: challenging the prevailing moralism, fascism will bring to stadiums thousands of young girls, in an attempt of collective mobilization that basically created something from nothing — women's sports — entirely absent in Italy before 1922. In 1935, G.A. Chiurco is even more explicit: "The fascist state can't conceive the woman

text: Mussolini is reported to have said: "I agree with you entirely. I don't believe a bit in the stupid anti-Semitic theory. I am carrying out my policy entirely for political reasons." The Fascist government endorsed a stringent education policy in Italy aiming at eliminating illiteracy, which was a serious problem in Italy at the time, as well as improving the allegiance of Italians to the state. To reduce drop-outs, the government changed the minimum age of leaving school from twelve to fourteen and strictly enforced attendance. The Fascist government's first minister of education from 1922 to 1924 Giovanni Gentile recommended

title: Solar power in Italy

text: Energy demand was rapidly growing, and new policies aimed at supplying energy through imported fossil fuels and the development of nuclear energy. Due to these changes, dependence on imported fuels grew to more than 80% in 2005. With the oil shock in 1973, it was not any longer just pioneers, like Giorgio Nebbia and Giovanni Francia, showing interest in solar energy. Oil shortages led to an increase in events and programs addressing solar energy. The Energy Finalized Project Number 1 (PFE1) in 1972 and PFE2 in 1982 were started with the aim of promoting an energy saving culture in Italy,

title: Solar power in Italy

text: further building costs of additional roads and service pathways and to avoid inaccessibility to service vehicles. Being located close the power grid will also lower the cost of transmission and the loss of power, decreasing the economical strain put on the area for building costs and shortening the amount of time until the original cost is overshadowed by the solar plant or field's production. Original or continued land use or cover must also be taken into consideration as areas with large topographic feature will have a tendency to be shadowed more heavily. Areas with large quantities of trees could be

title: Solar power in Italy

text: years, other areas of the government budget were restructured. Between 2000 and 2013, nuclear research and development funding decreased from 40.7% to 18.2% in favor of energy efficiency and renewable energy, which grew from 13.8% to 21.5% in the same time period. Concentrated solar energy technologies and photovoltaics are fields of active projects and research areas. ENEA has been researching on concentrated solar energy technologies since 2001 and introduced several innovations. The Archimede Project is one such developed project. The entire nation of Italy retains high potential for solar energy production, ranging from 3.6 kWh per square meter per day

title: Solar power in Italy

text: Agricultural, Food and Forestry Policies (MIPAAF), the Regulatory Authority for Electricity, Gas and Water (AEEGSI), the Gestore Servizi Energetici (GSE), the National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA) and Terna. The Directive 2009/28/EC establishes a framework for promoting the use of renewable energy sources. According to this Directive, 17% of Italy’s final energy consumption must be supplied by renewable sources in 2020. Italy’s 2010 National Renewable Energy Action Plan (NREAP) identifies sectoral targets and how to achieve them. In the 2013 National Energy Strategy (NES), Italy established energy aims to achieve by 2020 that rises the

title: Hydroelectricity in Italy

text: Hydroelectricity in Italy Italy is the world's 14th largest producer of hydroelectric power, with a total of 50,582 GWh produced in 2010. Electric energy from hydro accounted for about 18% of the national electricity production in 2010. There were a total of 2,729 active plants in 2010, of which 302 had a capacity greater than 10 MW. Hydroelectric plants are especially widespread in the north, where there are many rivers and mountains. Lombardy, Piedmont and Trentino-Alto Adige contributed for almost 60% of the total energy production in 2010. Hydroelectricity played a major role in the development of energy sector in

title: Corruption in Italy

text: in Italy's public services sector. Doing business in Italy is complicated by inefficient government bureaucracies and burdensome rules, and almost half of Italians believe that the issuance of business permits involves bribes and abuse of power. Because of corruption, it takes almost six years to complete a major public-works project in Italy, and such projects cost four times as much as elsewhere in Europe. In 2002, Berlusconi’s government “virtually abolished the crime of false accounting,” a move that caused a growth in corruption and Mafia crime. As of 2012, Filippo Penati, a PD politician, was being investigated for corruption, specifically

title: Hydroelectricity in Italy

text: have already been taken: this poses a limit on the construction of new plants of relevant capacity in terms of technical, economical and environmental problems. Hydroelectricity in Italy Italy is the world's 14th largest producer of hydroelectric power, with a total of 50,582 GWh produced in 2010. Electric energy from hydro accounted for about 18% of the national electricity production in 2010. There were a total of 2,729 active plants in 2010, of which 302 had a capacity greater than 10 MW. Hydroelectric plants are especially widespread in the north, where there are many rivers and mountains. Lombardy, Piedmont and

title: Kick In (1922 film)

text: Kick In (1922 film) Kick In is a 1922 American silent crime drama film produced by Famous Players-Lasky, distributed by Paramount Pictures, and starring Betty Compson, and Bert Lytell. The picture was directed by George Fitzmaurice, who previously directed a 1917 film version of the story. Both films are based on Willard Mack's 1913 play that was produced on Broadway in 1914 starring John Barrymore. The supporting cast features Charles Ogle, who had played the first screen Frankenstein's monster in the original 1910 version of "Frankenstein". A 1931 sound film version was produced with Clara Bow playing Molly. As described

title: 1922 in Greece

text: conditions in the Near East created by the Greek debacle led the Italian government to proclaim the denunciation of Italo-Greek agreement of May 17, 1920, which provided for a settlement of the differences that had arisen between Greece and Italy regarding the Dodecanese Islands, a step which called forth a protest from the government of the United Kingdom. The inquiry into the causes of the Greek military debacle in Asia Minor and the search for its authors instituted by the Revolutionary Committee on its advent to power resulted in a number of new arrests of leading personalities. Thus, towards the

title: Energy in Italy

text: by referendum. In Tuscany was built the first geothermal power station. In 2014 the geothermal production was 5.92 TWh. All active Italian geothermal power stations are now in Tuscany. According to Energy Information Administration, the 2009 Italian CO emissions from energy consumption were 408 Mt, slightly below Indonesia 413 mt. worldwide, Italy was ranked 17th in 2009 according to this list. The Italian emissions decline of 9% in 2008–2009 was rather influenced by the European economic recession 2008–2009 than large sustainable changes in energy consumption. From 2008 to 2009 change was at a 6.9% decline in Europe and at a

title: Electricity sector in Italy

text: use of direct current and low voltage electricity, which limits greatly the possible transmission distance. The first power plant was built in 1883 in Milan, near Scala Theater, to power the illumination of the building. Following the development of high-voltage transmission on long distances, Italy began to utilize hydroelectric power. Several hydroelectric plants have been built on the Alps and the Apennines since the beginning of the 20th century. The first geothermal power station in the world was built in Larderello in 1904. Renewable sources met almost all of the country's electricity demand until the 1960s, when population growth caused

title: Italy in the Middle Ages

text: great European powers for the next sixty years, finally culminating in the Italian War of 1551–59, which concluded with Habsburg Spain as the dominant power in Italy. The House of Habsburg would control Italy for the duration of the early modern period, until Napoleon's invasion of Italy in 1796. Italy was invaded by the Visigoths in the 5th century, and Rome was sacked by Alaric in 410. The (traditional) last Western Roman Emperor, Romulus Augustus, was deposed in 476 by an Eastern Germanic general, Odoacer. He subsequently ruled in Italy for seventeen years as "rex gentium", theoretically under the suzerainty

title: 1922 in France

text: England, Poincaré expressed the hope that these would continue to be as cordial as heretofore, even should the two countries find themselves obliged to differ on any point. 1922 in France Events from the year 1922 in France. The year 1922 was signalized at its opening by the conference of Cannes, between France, the United Kingdom, and Belgium, which met to consider the situation created by Germany's declaration of her inability to pay what was demanded of her for 1922. The chief result of this conference was a decision to hold a general European conference at Genoa, and Aristide Briand,

title: 1922 in France

text: 1922 in France Events from the year 1922 in France. The year 1922 was signalized at its opening by the conference of Cannes, between France, the United Kingdom, and Belgium, which met to consider the situation created by Germany's declaration of her inability to pay what was demanded of her for 1922. The chief result of this conference was a decision to hold a general European conference at Genoa, and Aristide Briand, the French premier, signed with the British prime minister, David Lloyd George, a draft pact of guarantee which stated that "guarantees for the security of France against a

title: Indians in Italy

text: Indians in Italy Although Italy and India have maintained important relations since ancient times, significant Indian migration to Italy is a recent phenomenon. Many Indians began immigrating to Italy in the early 1990s, when the Italian government initiated programs to get Indian IT professionals and engineers to contribute to the technology sector in Italy. Many came from the Punjab as entrepreneurs who are incredibly active in the restaurant and retail fields associated with Italy's large tourism industry. About half of the total Indian migrant population in Italy live in the central and northern regions of the country, especially in the

title: Tamils in Italy

text: Tamils in Italy Tamils in Italy are people of ethnic Tamil ancestry who reside in Italy. Around 25,000 Tamils from both Sri Lanka and India are estimated to be living in Italy. Though it is not established as of when, the migration of the Tamil people to Italy started but most of the arrivals is presumed to haven place during the Sri Lankan Civil War. It is estimated that Sri Lankan Tamils constitute at least a third of the Sri Lankan immigrants in Italy. Tamils were reported to have migrated to Milan during the 1980s a decade before the Civil

title: Greeks in Italy

text: Greeks in Italy Greek presence in Italy begins with the migrations of the old Greek Diaspora in the 8th century BC, continuing down to the present time. There is an ethnic minority known as the Griko people, who live in the Southern Italian regions of Calabria (Province of Reggio Calabria) and Apulia, especially the peninsula of Salento, within the old Magna Graecia region, who speak a distinctive dialect of Greek called Griko. They are believed to be remnants of the ancient and medieval Greek communities, who have lived in the south of Italy for centuries. Alongside this group, a smaller

title: Driving licence in Italy

text: cylinder capacity and a limit of motor power of 35 kW, and 21 years for mini-buses, three-wheeler without a limit of motor power and cargo vehicles, and 24 years for motorcycles without limits of motor power and for buses. The so-called "patentino" (small driving licence) was an Italian licence given to youngsters with the minimum age of 14 years. This licence permits Italian teenagers to drive in Italy scooters and "micro-cars" (small cars with maximum motor power of 4 kW and maximum speed of 45 km/h). At the minimum age of 16 years, Italians can take the licence for the

title: Antisemitism in 21st-century Italy

text: antisemitic attitudes in ten European countries, including Italy, remain at "disturbingly high levels": 61 percent in Italy has responded "probably true" to the statement, "Jews are more loyal to Israel" than their own country; 39 percent has responded "probably true" to the statement, "Jews have too much power in the business world"; 43 percent has responded "probably true" to the statement "Jews have too much power in international financial markets"; 48 percent has responded "probably true" to the statement, "Jews still talk too much about what happened to them in the Holocaust". Abraham H. Foxman, ADL National Director, has said