query: where is puntland somalia?

title: Puntland

text: Puntland affairs. Established in 2014, "Puntland Star" presents breaking news, stories and documentaries from Somalia and the rest of the world. Other media organizations include Raxanreeb Online (RBC Radio). Launched in 2006, RBC presents Somali news to a global audience in both Somali and English. With direct sources based in Somalia, it covers local politics and society. Puntland Puntland (, ), officially the Puntland Republic (, ), is a region in northeastern Puntland. Centered on the town of Garoowe in the Nugal province, its leaders declared the territory the Puntland Republic in 1998 but is internationally recognized as a country

title: Puntland

text: of the Somali Republic, Puntland consists of the following regions: In January 2009, Maakhir was officially incorporated into Puntland. Control of the western Sool, Sanaag and Cayn (SSC) provinces is disputed with the autonomous Khatumo State (formerly HBM-SSC or Hoggaanka Badbaadada iyo Mideynta SSC) and Somaliland regions of Somalia. On 8 April 2013, the Puntland government announced the creation of a new region named Gardafuul. Carved out of the Bari region, it consists of three districts and has its capital at Aluula. Prior to naming this new region, the previous government of Puntland created three regions, all carved out of

title: Puntland

text: (PSA) with Range Resources Limited and the Canmex Minerals subsidiary Canmex Holdings (Bermuda) II Limited. Following a change in leadership in 2009, the Puntland government, now led by President Abdirahman Mohamud Farole, sought to renegotiate the profit sharing agreement with Range Resources to ensure more favorable terms for the region. In 2012, the Puntland government gave the green light to the first official oil exploration project in Puntland and Somalia at large. In 2017, Puntland ministers held cabinet meeting were they approved an oil exploration deal with Chinese company CCECC, in return for constructing a road connecting Eyl and Garowe

title: Puntland

text: in northeastern Somalia. Following the outbreak of the Somali Civil War in 1991, a homegrown constitutional conference was held in Garoowe in 1998 over a period of three months. Attended by the area's political elite, traditional elders ("Issims"), members of the business community, intellectuals and other civil society representatives, the autonomous Puntland Republic was established to deliver services to the population, offer security, facilitate trade, and interact with domestic and international partners. Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed served as the fledgling state's founding president. As stipulated in Article 1 of the Transitional Federal Charter of the Puntland Republic, Puntland is located in

title: Puntland

text: Puntland Puntland (, ), officially the Puntland Republic (, ), is a region in northeastern Puntland. Centered on the town of Garoowe in the Nugal province, its leaders declared the territory the Puntland Republic in 1998 but is internationally recognized as a country of Puntland. Puntland is bordered by Somaliland to its west, the Gulf of Aden in the north, the Guardafui Channel in the east, the central Galmudug region in the south, and Ethiopia in the southwest. There are two major geographical apices in Puntland, namely the Cape Guardafui which forms the tip of the Horn of Africa, and

title: Puntland Intelligence Agency

text: Puntland Intelligence Agency The Puntland Intelligence Agency (, ) is an intelligence agency based in Puntland, Somalia. It was officially established in 2001 as Puntland Intelligence Service during the rule of President Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed, with assistance from the United States. The agency operates throughout Somalia, but principally in the autonomous Puntland region, where it serves as the main intelligence and counter-terrorism wing of the Puntland Security Force. The agency took the name Puntland Intelligence Agency in 2010 after undergoing extensive reform to streamline it to work side by side with other government agencies across Somalia. These reforms were instituted

title: Puntland Intelligence Agency

text: Djibouti and is currently the strongest armed wing of Puntland's security apparatus. Puntland Intelligence Agency The Puntland Intelligence Agency (, ) is an intelligence agency based in Puntland, Somalia. It was officially established in 2001 as Puntland Intelligence Service during the rule of President Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed, with assistance from the United States. The agency operates throughout Somalia, but principally in the autonomous Puntland region, where it serves as the main intelligence and counter-terrorism wing of the Puntland Security Force. The agency took the name Puntland Intelligence Agency in 2010 after undergoing extensive reform to streamline it to work side

title: Constitution of Puntland

text: transitional constitution made way for an anticipated federal Somalia. The constitution was based on the following provisions: The current Puntland constitution was adopted on 18 April 2012. Out of 480 representatives, 472 representatives voted to approve the draft constitution. Constitution of Puntland The Constitution of Puntland is the governing document and legal framework for the autonomous Puntland region of Somalia. It is the supreme law documenting the duties, powers, structure and function of the government of Puntland, subject only to Somalia's federal constitution. The current constitution, adopted on the 18 April 2012, is Puntland state's first and only permanent constitution.

title: Puntland–Somaliland dispute

text: Mohamud, and attended by the Speaker of Parliament Mohamed Osman Jawari, Prime Minister Omar Abdirashid Ali Sharmarke, Presidents of South West, Galmudug, Hirshabelle, states of Somalia and the Vice President of Puntland state. Puntland–Somaliland dispute The Puntland–Somaliland dispute is a territorial dispute over the northern Somali provinces of Sool, Sanaag and Ayn (Khatumo-SSC) between the self-declared state of Somaliland and the Puntland region of Somalia. The territory was historically part of British Somaliland, a British protectorate that declared independence in 1960 and then formed a union with neighboring Italian colony Trust Territory of Somaliland to form the Somali Republic (Somalia).

title: Puntland–Somaliland dispute

text: Puntland–Somaliland dispute The Puntland–Somaliland dispute is a territorial dispute over the northern Somali provinces of Sool, Sanaag and Ayn (Khatumo-SSC) between the self-declared state of Somaliland and the Puntland region of Somalia. The territory was historically part of British Somaliland, a British protectorate that declared independence in 1960 and then formed a union with neighboring Italian colony Trust Territory of Somaliland to form the Somali Republic (Somalia). When Somali Civil War broke out, a successor state of the British protectorate was formed in 1991 under the name Somaliland, declaring independence from Somalia. The dispute started in 1998, when Puntland was

title: Puntland Maritime Police Force

text: Puntland Maritime Police Force The Puntland Maritime Police Force (PMPF) is a security force based in Puntland, an autonomous region in northeastern Somalia. As of March 2012, the PMPF had around 500 personnel. The Force is eventually expected to comprise 1,000 personnel. According to Puntland authorities, it is primarily aimed at preventing, detecting and eradicating piracy, illegal fishing, and other illicit activity off of the coast of Somalia, in addition to generally safeguarding marine resources. Yet the UN Somalia and Eritrea Monitoring Group (SEMG) said in 2012 that its primary focus was internal security operations. As of April 2014, Abdinasir

title: Puntland Security Force

text: Unit. The Puntland Intelligence Agency is the intelligence bureau of Puntland's military. It was officially established in 2001 as the "Puntland Intelligence Service" during the rule of President Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed, with help from the United States. The agency principally operates in the Puntland region, where it serves as the main intelligence and counter-terrorism wing of the government's security forces. The Puntland Maritime Police Force is a locally-recruited, professional maritime security force. It is primarily aimed at preventing, detecting and eradicating piracy, illegal fishing, and other illicit activity off of the coast of Somalia, in addition to generally safeguarding the

title: Puntland

text: Puntland has the lowest rate of poverty in Somalia, with 27%, compared to 50% in Somaliland and 57% in Mogadishu. Experts believe this is because of higher consumption and higher labour force participation. Households in Puntland consume a higher quantity per capita per item and more items per household. The lower rate of poverty does not appear to be driven by household size, as the average in Puntland is 5.2, compared to 5.7 in Somaliland and 4.5 in Mogadishu. Puntland is doing better in various important indicators of well-being. For instance, the literacy rate in Puntland is 64% compared to

title: Puntland

text: as well as renovations and refurbishments to the Abdullahi Yusuf Airport. Puntland has its own television channel and studios. Puntland TV and Radio is the public broadcasting network of the autonomous Puntland region of Somalia. Its headquarters are at the regional capital of Garowe. The service also maintains an office in London. Founded in April 2013, Puntland TV and Radio broadcasts locally in Somali via terrestrial service. It also airs programs globally through satellite. Radio Puntland broadcasts internationally via shortwave, with its transmission reaching as far as Finland. Its standard programming includes general news, focusing on regional developments, sports and

title: Puntland Security Force

text: Puntland Security Force The Puntland Security Force (PSF) consists of the armed forces of the autonomous Puntland region in northeastern Somalia. Following the outbreak of the civil war in 1991, a homegrown constitutional conference was held in Garowe in 1998 over a period of three months. Attended by the area's political elite, traditional elders ("Issims"), members of the business community, intellectuals and other civil society representatives, the autonomous Puntland State of Somalia was subsequently officially established so as to deliver services to the population, offer security, facilitate trade, and interact with both domestic and international partners. The Puntland Security Force

title: Puntland

text: is also below the age of 30. The population density in Puntland is estimated at about 18 persons per km. As with the rest of Somalia, Islam is the main religion of the Puntland region. 100% of all residents of Puntland are Muslims. In terms of public transportation, bus services operate in Bosaso, Garowe, Las Anod, Galkayo and Qardho. Shuttle services between the region's major towns and adjacent hamlets are also available via different types of vehicles, such as 4 wheel drives and light goods vehicles (LGV). As of May 2015, over 70,000 vehicles are registered with the Puntland Ministry

title: Oil exploration in Puntland

text: 2009, the Puntland government, now led by President Abdirahman Mohamud Farole, sought to renegotiate the profit sharing agreement with Range Resources to ensure more favorable terms for the region. In 2012, the Puntland government gave the green light to the first official oil exploration project in Puntland and Somalia at large. Led by the Canadian oil company Africa Oil (the former Canmex Minerals) and its partner Range Resources, initial drilling in the Shabeel-1 well on Puntland's Dharoor Block in March of the year successfully yielded oil. Oil exploration in Puntland Oil exploration in Somalia, an autonomous region in northeastern Somalia

title: Puntland

text: the existing regions: Karkaar was carved out of Bari, Haylaan out of Sanaag, and Ayn out of Togdheer region. Puntland is geographically situated in the northeastern portion of Somalia. It is bordered by Somaliland to its west, the Gulf of Aden in the north, the Indian Ocean in the southeast, the central Galmudug region of Somalia in the south, and Ethiopia in the southwest. Puntland occupies a total land area of 212,510 km or roughly one-third of Somalia's geographical area. The region is semi-arid, with a warm climate and average daily temperatures ranging from to . These climatic conditions favor

title: Puntland

text: officials and civil society representatives. Bosaso is also home to Golis Telecom Somalia, the largest telecommunications operator in northeastern Somalia. Founded in 2002 with the objective of supplying the country with GSM mobile services, fixed line and internet services, it has an extensive network that covers all of the nation's major cities and more than 40 districts in both Puntland and Somaliland. Additionally, Netco has its headquarters in the city. Other telecommunication firms serving the region include Telcom and NationLink. In April 2013, the Puntland Ministry of Fisheries and Marine Resources officially inaugurated a new fish market in Garowe. Constructed

title: Puntland

text: average of four years, with the region currently counting seven major universities: Puntland State University in Garowe, Puntland State University in Galkayo, Bosaso College in Bosaso, East Somalia University in Qardho, Mogadishu University (Puntland branch) in Bosaso, Maakhir University in Badhan, Sanaag, and Nugaal University in Las Anod. East Africa University also has six branches in Puntland, with campuses in Bosaso, Erigavo, Galdogob, Galkayo, Garowe and Qardho. Thus, it is a 2-4-4-4 system. Puntland's Ministry of Education also recognizes non-formal education (NFE) and technical/vocational education and training (TVET) as integral parts of the region's educational system. From 2005/2006 to 2006/2007,

title: Puntland presidential election, 2014

text: together. Mohamud described Puntland as a democratic model for the rest of the country, and thanked the outgoing regional President Farole for accepting the ballot outcome with grace and for his leadership in Puntland over the past half-decade. Prime Minister Abdiweli Sheikh Ahmed in turn felicitated Ali on his victory. Describing the moment as a great day for Somalia, Ahmed commended the Puntland authorities for ensuring that the elections were peaceful, free and fair. He also thanked President Farole for his service to Puntland. UN Special Representative for Somalia Nicholas Kay likewise congratulated Ali on his win. Noting that Puntland

title: Puntland presidential election, 2014

text: Puntland presidential election, 2014 The 2014 Puntland presidential election was held on 8 January 2014 in Garowe, the administrative capital of the autonomous Puntland region in northeastern Somalia. The third such vote to be held in the state since its formation in 1998, it followed the election of a new Parliament Speaker and Deputy Speakers on 4 January 2014 by the 66-seat regional legislature. Candidates included officials from the incumbent Puntland administration, former government ministers and prominent local entrepreneurs. The ballot saw the election of former Prime Minister of Somalia Abdiweli Mohamed Ali as the 5th President of Puntland, narrowly

title: Puntland State University

text: Puntland State University (PSU). Degrees offered at PSU include: The school is participating in the Puntland Resource and Service Center, which began construction in January 2007 in Garowe. Puntland State University has entered into a sister institution relationship with the Minneapolis Community and Technical College (MCTC) based in Minneapolis, Minnesota in the United States. Puntland State University Puntland State University is a university in Garowe, the administrative capital of the northeastern Puntland region of Somalia. The school traces its roots back to the Garowe School of Management, a women's school in Garowe offering courses in accounting, computer skills, business English

title: Netco (Somalia)

text: Netco's next targets is to supply electricity throughout Puntland, a project which will take place within the next five years. Netco (Somalia) North Eastern Telecommunications Company (Netco Ltd.) is a telecommunications company established in 1993 in Bosaso, the commercial capital of Puntland an autonomous region of Somalia. Netco is owned by Ismael Haji Abdi, an MBA graduate from Wisconsin University, USA, and is part of the Somali Telecom Group of companies. It is the largest telecommunications firm in the autonomous Puntland region of Somalia. Netco is a rapidly developing company and has grown massively in the past 15 years, with

title: Government of Puntland

text: of three months. Attended by the area's political elite, traditional elders ("Issims"), members of the business community, intellectuals and other civil society representatives, the autonomous "Puntland State of Somalia" was subsequently officially established so as to deliver services to the population, offer security, facilitate trade, and interact with both domestic and international partners. Government of Puntland The Government of Puntland () is the supreme governing authority of the semi-autonomous region of Puntland. The legal structure of Puntland consists of the judiciary, legislative (House of Representatives) and the executive (the President and his nominated council of Ministries) branches of government. Puntland

title: Puntland Dervish Force

text: subsequently formed by the regional government. Since the founding of the state in 1998, the Puntland Dervish Force has operated in Puntland and throughout Somalia. Commanders and senior officials of the military are appointed by a qualified panel approved by the Council of Ministers. The Puntland security apparatus has an independent military judiciary, which during peace time only adjudges military proceedings. Retired members of the Force are also constitutionally guaranteed pensions. Puntland Dervish Force The Puntland Dervish Force (, ) is the official paramilitary division of the Puntland Security Force. Following the outbreak of the civil war in 1991, a

title: Somalia–Yemen relations

text: territorial waters by Yemeni fishermen. The Puntland and Yemeni Fisheries ministries are also scheduled to hold talks on bilateral cooperation, with the aim of preserving and effectively exploiting marine resources. Somalia maintains an embassy in Yemen. The diplomatic mission is led by Ambassador Ismail Qassim Naji. Yemen also has an embassy in Mogadishu. The diplomatic mission is headed by Ambassador Fu'ad Mohamed Al Zorqah. In May 2015, Yemen opened a new consulate in Puntland. Additionally, Puntland is slated to open a consulate in Sana'a. Somalia–Yemen relations Somalia–Yemen relations are bilateral relations between Somalia and Yemen. Both Arab League members, the

title: Constitution of Puntland

text: Constitution of Puntland The Constitution of Puntland is the governing document and legal framework for the autonomous Puntland region of Somalia. It is the supreme law documenting the duties, powers, structure and function of the government of Puntland, subject only to Somalia's federal constitution. The current constitution, adopted on the 18 April 2012, is Puntland state's first and only permanent constitution. Delegates representing various local clans began arriving in Garowe from early May 1998 for the opening of the constitutional conference on 15 May. Organisation of the “Shir Beeleed” (community conference), subsequently known as the “Shir-Beeleedka Dastuuriga ah ee Garowe”

title: Puntland–Somaliland dispute

text: Islamist militants on previous occasions, this is believed to be the first time that they had done so in Somaliland, a region generally seen as more stable than Somalia. On 18 July, at least five soldiers have been killed after Puntland and Somaliland troops clashed in Sanaag. A Puntland army commander confirmed that three Puntland soldiers and two high ranking Somaliland military officers were killed. Somaliland captured a prominent member of the Puntland administration, Mohamed Farah Adan, who was the former vice Minister of Justice and is currently a member of the Puntland parliament. He was detained for a week

title: Puntland Dervish Force

text: Puntland Dervish Force The Puntland Dervish Force (, ) is the official paramilitary division of the Puntland Security Force. Following the outbreak of the civil war in 1991, a homegrown constitutional conference was held in Garowe in 1998 over a period of three months. Attended by the area's political elite, traditional elders ("Issims"), members of the business community, intellectuals and other civil society representatives, the autonomous Puntland State of Somalia was subsequently officially established so as to deliver services to the population, offer security, facilitate trade, and interact with both domestic and international partners. The Puntland Security Force (PSF) was

title: Puntland presidential election, 2014

text: was spearheading Somalia's ongoing federalization, Kay hailed the region's MPs, Speaker and traditional leaders for their respective roles in the election process. He also commended former Puntland President Farole for the latter's constructive role and peaceful transfer of power. Additionally, the European Union Special Envoy to Somalia Michele Cervone d'Urso described the vote as a positive development for Somalia's democratisation process and urged national reconciliation. The US Special Representative for Somalia James P. McAnulty in turn issued a statement welcoming Ali's election as Puntland President, and saluting Puntland residents for having conducted the ballot in a democratic manner. McAnulty also

title: Puntland presidential election, 2014

text: the Puntland political system and that the region was serving as a model to follow in Somalia's ongoing federalization. At a Federal Parliament session the same day attended by over 160 MPs, Federal Speaker of Parliament Mohamed Osman Jawari also commended the Puntland legislators on behalf of the federal MPs for having conducted a transparent, free and fair speakership ballot. Additionally, President of Somalia Hassan Sheikh Mohamud's media office issued an official statement on 7 January welcoming the Puntland presidential and parliamentary elections as great progress for Somalia at large. Mohamud felicitated the Speaker and his deputies on their election

title: Puntland Highway Authority

text: centers. Puntland Highway Authority The Puntland Highway Authority (PHA) is the governmental body in charge of road transportation and infrastructure in the autonomous Puntland state, situated in northeastern Somalia. In 2012, the Puntland Highway Authority completed rehabilitation work on the central artery linking Puntland's administrative capital Garowe with Galkayo, another major city in the region. The transportation body also began an upgrade and repair project in June 2012 on the large thoroughfare between the commercial hub of Bosaso and Garowe. Additionally, renovations were initiated in October 2012 on the central artery linking Bosaso with Qardho. The PHA also plans to

title: Puntland Highway Authority

text: Puntland Highway Authority The Puntland Highway Authority (PHA) is the governmental body in charge of road transportation and infrastructure in the autonomous Puntland state, situated in northeastern Somalia. In 2012, the Puntland Highway Authority completed rehabilitation work on the central artery linking Puntland's administrative capital Garowe with Galkayo, another major city in the region. The transportation body also began an upgrade and repair project in June 2012 on the large thoroughfare between the commercial hub of Bosaso and Garowe. Additionally, renovations were initiated in October 2012 on the central artery linking Bosaso with Qardho. The PHA also plans to construct

title: Puntland Security Force

text: new EUCAP Nestor base will be established in Garowe. The European Union's Maritime Capacity Building Mission in the Horn of Africa and Western Indian Ocean (EUCAP Nestor) is mandated to assist nations in the latter regions to strengthen their maritime defense capabilities. As such, the new base aims to advance cooperation, to train Puntland forces in maritime security and anti-terrorism, particularly vis-a-vis ground operations, and to develop and firm up on extant maritime security instruments and legislation. Puntland Security Force The Puntland Security Force (PSF) consists of the armed forces of the autonomous Puntland region in northeastern Somalia. Following the

title: Puntland Security Force

text: (PSF) was subsequently formed by the regional government. Since the founding of the state in 1998, the Force has operated in Puntland and throughout Somalia. Commanders and senior officials of the military are appointed by a qualified panel approved by the Council of Ministers. The Puntland security apparatus has an independent military judiciary, which during peace time only adjudges military proceedings. Retired members of the Force are also constitutionally guaranteed pensions. The Puntland Dervish Force is the official paramilitary division of Puntland's security forces. The Puntland security appartus also operates its own Police Force. The latter includes a Special Protection

title: Puntland State University

text: Puntland State University Puntland State University is a university in Garowe, the administrative capital of the northeastern Puntland region of Somalia. The school traces its roots back to the Garowe School of Management, a women's school in Garowe offering courses in accounting, computer skills, business English and business management. After a year of operation, which saw the graduation of 60 women, the school was expanded to a two-year structure and renamed to Puntland Community College. In 2004, in cooperation with the United Nations Development Program and USIU Nairobi, PCC was expanded to include four-year programs. It was also renamed to

title: Puntland–Somaliland dispute

text: formed as an autonomous state of Somalia and declared the region as part of its territory based on tribal affiliation of the locals. Puntland claims Sool, Sanaag and Ayn (Khatumo-SSC) based on kinship ties with the regions' dominant Darod clans. Somaliland claims the territory as part of the original bounds of the former British Somaliland protectorate, which the self-declared country regards itself as the successor to. Fighting between the two forces led to casualties and captured prisoners, who were later exchanged. Sanaag is a disputed region, claimed as sovereign territory by Puntland and Somaliland, two autonomous macro regions of Somalia.

title: Puntland Maritime Police Force

text: the UN arms embargo on Somalia and that the firm's activities went beyond training, less foreign personnel were still involved in the PMPF's operations and most of Saracen's activities had already ended. In June 2012, the Puntland government indicated that it had contracted the U.S.-based private military firm Bancroft Global Development to take over general training of the Puntland Maritime Police Force. Bancroft also serves as a subcontractor for the African Union Mission to Somalia (AMISOM). Al Venter, the author of a 2017 book about Somalia, reported that Erik Prince, the founder and former CEO of Blackwater, and a former

title: Puntland Maritime Police Force

text: anniversary at an event held in Bosaso. The gathering was attended by various Somali and foreign officials, and included an aviation show by the first locally trained pilots since the outbreak of the civil war. Puntland Maritime Police Force The Puntland Maritime Police Force (PMPF) is a security force based in Puntland, an autonomous region in northeastern Somalia. As of March 2012, the PMPF had around 500 personnel. The Force is eventually expected to comprise 1,000 personnel. According to Puntland authorities, it is primarily aimed at preventing, detecting and eradicating piracy, illegal fishing, and other illicit activity off of the

title: Puntland Agency For Social Welfare

text: 7, 2013. Puntland Agency For Social Welfare The Puntland Agency For Social Welfare (PASWE) is the state-run social welfare agency of the autonomous Puntland region in northeastern Somalia. PASWE was founded in May 2009 in Garowe by the Puntland government. It provides medical, educational and counseling support to vulnerable groups and individuals, such as the disabled, the blind, orphans, and widows of Puntland soldiers. The agency is overseen by a Board of Directors, which consists of religious scholars ("ulema"), businesspeople, intellectuals and traditional elders. PASWE is headed by Hussein Mohamed Mohamud, who was appointed to the position by presidential decree

title: Puntland Agency For Social Welfare

text: Puntland Agency For Social Welfare The Puntland Agency For Social Welfare (PASWE) is the state-run social welfare agency of the autonomous Puntland region in northeastern Somalia. PASWE was founded in May 2009 in Garowe by the Puntland government. It provides medical, educational and counseling support to vulnerable groups and individuals, such as the disabled, the blind, orphans, and widows of Puntland soldiers. The agency is overseen by a Board of Directors, which consists of religious scholars ("ulema"), businesspeople, intellectuals and traditional elders. PASWE is headed by Hussein Mohamed Mohamud, who was appointed to the position by presidential decree on February

title: Netco (Somalia)

text: Netco (Somalia) North Eastern Telecommunications Company (Netco Ltd.) is a telecommunications company established in 1993 in Bosaso, the commercial capital of Puntland an autonomous region of Somalia. Netco is owned by Ismael Haji Abdi, an MBA graduate from Wisconsin University, USA, and is part of the Somali Telecom Group of companies. It is the largest telecommunications firm in the autonomous Puntland region of Somalia. Netco is a rapidly developing company and has grown massively in the past 15 years, with a current customer-base of over 800,000 individuals. The company supplies home phones, mobile phone networks and internet services. One of

title: Puntland Development Research Center

text: the PDRC, good governance increases people’s participation in decision-making, enables the decentralization of power from the center to regional and community levels, and allows transparency in decision-making. In 2016, PDRC changed its name from "Puntland Development Research Center" to "Peace and Development Research Center". The reason is that PDRC plans to expand its presence and work throughout the rest of Somalia. PDRC is in partnership with Interpeace, a Geneva-based, non-profit peace building organization. Puntland Development Research Center The Puntland Development Research Center (PDRC) is a Local Non-Governmental Organization (LNGO) based in Garowe, the administrative capital of the autonomous Puntland region

title: Administrative divisions of Somalia

text: Administrative divisions of Somalia Somalia is officially divided into eighteen (18) administrative regions ("gobollada", singular "gobol"), which in turn are subdivided into ninety (90) districts (plural "degmooyin"; singular "degmo"). On a "de facto" basis, northern Somalia is now divided up among the autonomous regions of Puntland (which considers itself an autonomous state) and Somaliland (a self-declared but unrecognized sovereign state). In central Somalia, Galmudug is another regional entity that emerged south of Puntland. For these civil war divisions, see "States and regions of Somalia". In 1931, Italian Somaliland consisted of seven commissariats. Following the 1935–36 Second Italo-Abyssinian War, Italian Somaliland

title: Puntland

text: of Works and Transport. Puntland is traversed by a 750 km north–south highway. It connects major cities in the northern part of Somalia, such as Garowe, Bosaso and Galkayo, with towns in the south. In 2012, the Puntland Highway Authority completed rehabilitation work on the central artery linking Garowe with Galkayo. The transportation body also started an upgrade and repair project in June 2012 on the large thoroughfare between the regional capital and Bosaso. Additionally, renovations began in October 2012 on the freeway linking Bosaso with Qardho. Plans are also in the works to construct new roads connecting littoral towns

title: Puntland Maritime Police Force

text: its visit to Puntland in December 2012 that "..financing for the PMPF has now dried up and that the Government of Puntland is seeking ways of continuing to finance its operations." However, on 28 March 2014, another Puntland-UAE agreement stipulated that the UAE government would continue to support the PMPF. This support has been provided in violation of the arms embargo upon Somalia, stipulated in United Nations Security Council Resolution 1425 (2002). Following a Transitional Federal Government-Puntland cooperative agreement in August 2011 calling for the creation of a Somali Marine Force, of which the already established PMPF would form a

title: Puntland presidential election, 2014

text: President of Puntland. According to the committee chairman Saadiq Abshir Garaad, 11 contenders were competing for the position of President, while 10 candidates were vying for Vice President. Each of the 20 candidates had met the mandatory pre-requisites for holding office, as outlined in the Puntland Constitution. The incumbent Puntland President Abdirahman Mohamed Farole and former Prime Minister of Somalia Abdiweli Mohamed Ali were both among the final list of presidential candidates, with the incumbent Puntland Vice President Abdisamad Ali Shire and former Puntland Aviation minister Ahmed Elmi Osman (Karaash) contending for the vice presidential post. On 7 January 2014,

title: Somalia

text: hailed as a triumph for grass-roots initiatives. Other universities also offering higher education in the south include Benadir University, the Somalia National University, Kismayo University and the University of Gedo. In Puntland, higher education is provided by the Puntland State University and East Africa University. In Somaliland, it is provided by Amoud University, the University of Hargeisa, Somaliland University of Technology and Burao University. Qu'ranic schools (also known as "dugsi quran" or "mal'aamad quran") remain the basic system of traditional religious instruction in Somalia. They provide Islamic education for children, thereby filling a clear religious and social role in the

title: Somalia

text: counterpart Radio Mogadishu also broadcasts from the capital. Somaliland National TV and Puntland TV and Radio air from the northern regions. Additionally, Somalia has several private television and radio networks. Among these are Horn Cable Television and Universal TV. The political Xog Doon and Xog Ogaal and Horyaal Sports broadsheets publish out of the capital. There are also a number of online media outlets covering local news, including Garowe Online, Wardheernews, and Puntland Post. The internet country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for Somalia is .so. It was officially relaunched on 1 November 2010 by .SO Registry, which is regulated by

title: Puntland

text: Ras Hafun, the easternmost place on the continent. The name "Puntland" is derived from the Land of Punt mentioned in ancient Egyptian sources, although the exact location of the fabled territory is still a mystery. Many studies suggest that the Land of Punt was located in Horn of Africa, separated from Somalia, whereas others propose that it was situated elsewhere. The Warsangali Sultanate was an imperial ruling house centred in northeastern and in some parts of southeastern Somalia. It was one of the largest sultanates ever established in the territory, and, at the height of its power, included the Sanaag

title: Puntland Development Research Center

text: Puntland Development Research Center The Puntland Development Research Center (PDRC) is a Local Non-Governmental Organization (LNGO) based in Garowe, the administrative capital of the autonomous Puntland region in northeastern Somalia. It plays a key role in research and funding for the development of local peace and effective governance initiatives. The PDRC is governed by a board of directors consisting of seven members; five men and two women. It is led by director Abdurahman Abdulle Osman (Shuke). The center's stated goal is to promote peace-building and national reconstruction following the Somali Civil War and its after-effects. Through dialogue among key national

title: Puntland

text: Development towards Founding the True Goal). On 8 January 2014, former Prime Minister of Somalia Abdiweli Mohamed Ali was elected the 5th President of Puntland overcoming Dr. Farole by a single electoral vote. Abdihakim Abdullahi Haji Omar was concurrently elected Puntland's Vice President. On 22 December 2009, Puntland MPs introduced a new state flag at a parliamentary session in Garowe. With 38 of 41 legislators endorsing the motion, it also permitted the creation of a new state anthem. Puntland's new regional flag consists of three colours: white, blue and green. As stipulated in Article 3 of the Transitional Federal Charter

title: Puntland

text: peaceful, the region briefly experienced political unrest in 2001 when then President of Puntland, Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed, one of the founding fathers of the Puntland State and its first president, wanted his term extended. Ahmed and Jama Ali Jama fought for control of the region, with Ahmed emerging victorious the following year. Ahmed served his second term as president until October 2004, when he was elected President of Somalia. He was succeeded in office by Mohamed Hashi, who served until January 2005 when he lost a re-election bid in parliament to General Mohamud Muse Hersi "Adde". In March 2005, then

title: Islamic State in Somalia

text: Since then, it has sometimes been called Wilayat al Somal ("Somalia Province") by pro-ISIL media. ISS is also the declared enemy of al-Shabaab, which considers the Islamic State a significant threat to its own predominance among Jihadist factions in Somalia. The origins of the Islamic State in Somalia trace back to 2012, when Abdul Qadir Mumin was sent by the al-Shabaab leadership to its remote outpost in Puntland, far from the terrorist group's primary areas of operation in southern Somalia. As cleric with little military experience, Mumin's role in Puntland was originally to attract recruits for the numerical small and

title: Puntland presidential election, 2014

text: paid tribute to Farole for his many achievements during his tenure, including his emphasis on security and his key role in the Roadmap federal transition process. Puntland presidential election, 2014 The 2014 Puntland presidential election was held on 8 January 2014 in Garowe, the administrative capital of the autonomous Puntland region in northeastern Somalia. The third such vote to be held in the state since its formation in 1998, it followed the election of a new Parliament Speaker and Deputy Speakers on 4 January 2014 by the 66-seat regional legislature. Candidates included officials from the incumbent Puntland administration, former government

title: Somalia

text: non-formal education. About 15% of the government's budget is allocated toward scholastic instruction. The autonomous Puntland and Somaliland macro-regions maintain their own Ministries of Education. In 2006, Puntland was the second territory in Somalia after Somaliland to introduce free primary schools, with teachers now receiving their salaries from the Puntland administration. From 2005/2006 to 2006/2007, there was a significant increase in the number of schools in Puntland, up 137 institutions from just one year prior. During the same period, the number of classes in the region increased by 504, with 762 more teachers also offering their services. Total student enrolment

title: Puntland Maritime Police Force

text: part, the Puntland administration resumed training of PMPF naval officials. The UAE-funded Puntland Maritime Police Force training program was initially conducted by Saracen International/Sterling Corporate Services (SCS). The UN Somalia and Eritrea Monitoring Group (SEMG), alleged that the SCS and PMPF in several reports had formed a "private army" in contravention of the 1992 arms embargo against Somalia. The Somali Federal Parliament demanded that the Federal Government explain the presence of "foreign companies illegally operating in the country", and in January 2012 the TFG Minister of Information stated that the government would terminate its relationship with Saracen: a decision that

title: Oil exploration in Puntland

text: crude oil. A 1992 survey of Northeast Africa by the World Bank and U.N. ranked Somalia second only to Sudan as the top prospective producer. The Puntland region in northeastern Somalia, in particular, came to be regarded as the geological analogue of Yemen since both areas once formed a single landmass around 18 million years ago, before the Gulf of Aden rifted and separated the Horn of Africa from the Arabian Peninsula. The oil reserves discovered in Yemen's Cretaceous and Jurassic formations were therefore also thought to potentially exist in Puntland, with petroleum geologists associating the Nugaal and Dharoor blocks

title: Women in Somalia

text: Type II FGM. The prevalence is on the decline in the northern part of Somalia. In 2013, UNICEF in conjunction with the Somali authorities reported that the FGM prevalence rate among 1- to 14-year-old girls in the autonomous northern Puntland and Somaliland regions had dropped to 25% following a social and religious awareness campaign. Article 15 of the Federal Constitution adopted in August 2012 prohibits female circumcision. Women in Somalia Women in Somalia form a key part of Somali society, with clearly defined and important roles in the family and clan structure. This includes Somali women in the autonomous Puntland

title: Golis Telecom Somalia

text: Golis Telecom Somalia Golis Telecom Somalia (), shortened to Golis, is the largest telecommunications operator in the Puntland state of northeastern Somalia. It was founded in 2002 with the objective of supplying the country with GSM mobile services, fixed line and internet services. The firm has an extensive network that covers all the major cities and more than 50 districts in both Puntland and Somaliland. Golis Mobile offers other services such as "XOGMAAL". XOGMAAL enables enquiring, emailing through the mobile, and searching the online encyclopedias and dictionaries as well as search engines such as Google. It also allows online checking

title: Habo, Somalia

text: against the coastal regions in the late 1920s. The main economic activities in the town are fishing, frankincense and date farming. Habo Tuna Factory is the largest employer in the town with 400 employees. According to the Puntland Ministry of Education, there is 1 primary school in Habo. Habo, Somalia Habo (, ) is a small town in the Bari province of the autonomous Puntland region in northeastern Somalia. Habo is located in the Alula District in the vicinity of the Guardafui Channel. It lies between the towns of Alula and Qandala. In antiquity, a cape to the east of

title: Puntland–Somaliland dispute

text: in Erigavo and released the following month. Former president of Somalia Hassan Sheikh Mohamud stated his opinion whilst in office that Puntland is made up of two and a half regions (Bari, Nugal and northern Mudug), which goes against Puntland's claim of Sool and Sanaag. Furthermore, in preparation for the Somali presidential election of 2017 the communiqué released by the office of Presidency of Somalia regarding Somalia's National Leadership Forum referred to the disputed territory as "Gobollada Sool iyo Sanaag ee Soomaaliland" (Somaliland's Sool and Sanaag regions). Somalia's National Leadership Forum was chaired by the President of Somalia Hassan Sheikh

title: Puntland Women Lawyers Association

text: and civil courts in the region. PUWLA currently has 25 members that perform different duties within the organization, they are Lawyers, Paralegals, GBV case workers, human rights officers, and advocates and Lobbyists that work closely with the Ministry of Justice to influence policy making. Some of the cases they undertake include rape cases, Gender based violence (GBV) cases, and other crimes committed against women. 1. http://www.so.undp.org/content/somalia/en/home/ourwork/democraticgovernance/successstories/Puntland.html 2. http://puntlandstateuniversity.com/legal-training-and-curricula-development-expert-2/ Puntland Women Lawyers Association Puntland Women Lawyers Association is an organisation that had visible impact in communities in Puntland region in the aspect of legal services and access to justice for women

title: Puntland presidential election, 2014

text: duties, and called on the would be legislators to work for the greater good. The declaration concluded by highlighting the responsibilities that would be expected of the new leaders in the Puntland government. On 29 December 2013, incumbent President of Puntland Abdirahman Mohamed Farole and his predecessor Mohamud Muse Hersi (Adde) met privately at the State House in Garowe to discuss the 2014 election process. Hersi subsequently announced at a joint press conference attended by Puntland Security Committee chairman Said Dheere and Nuradin Aden Dirie, senior adviser to UN Special Envoy to Somalia Ambassador Nicholas Kay, that the two presidential

title: Puntland Maritime Police Force

text: against the Puntland Government's consistent anti-piracy activities." Following closed meetings between the PMPF's UAE sponsor and UN officials to ensure compliance with international law, the Puntland authorities opted to end Sterling's work contract. According to SCS's lawyer, Wilna Lubbe, the "contract was terminated by agreement as the Government of Puntland now has the capacity to proceed with its anti-piracy programme". In December 2012, a mission by the UN Mercenaries' Working Group assessed the deployment of private military and security companies in Somalia. It criticized the PMPF for operating outside of the Federal national security framework. It reported that the force

title: Oil exploration in Puntland

text: 2005 agreement officially awarding the licenses to Range Resources, the Puntland government administered the entire Nugaal Valley. However, in 2007, troops from the separatist Somaliland region in northwestern Somalia were sent to the area and have since militarily occupied the valley's western section despite resistance from local residents. On account of the uncertain security situation in this part of the Nugaal block, Range Resources have as of 2011 given priority to drilling in the Dharoor Valley. In January 2007, the Puntland administration, which was then led by President Mohamud Muse Hersi, signed the Puntland Product Sharing Agreement (PSA) with Range

title: Transitional federal government, Republic of Somalia

text: police academy to be built in Somalia for several years opened on 20 December 2005 at Armo, 100 kilometres south of Bosaso. The Somali police also has a criminal investigations department in Mogadishu. The autonomous Puntland and Somaliland regions within Somalia have their own security forces. As with previous Somali administrations, the Transitional Federal Charter of the Somali Republic recognizes Mogadishu as the capital of Somalia. The Parliament of Somalia meets in the city, which is also the seat of the nation's Supreme court. In addition, Mogadishu is the location of the presidential palace, Villa Somalia, where the President resides.

title: Transport in Somalia

text: of the Port of Las Khorey. The initiative was later taken up by Faisal Hawar, CEO of the Maakhir Resource Company. In 2012, he brokered an agreement with a Greek investment firm for the development of the commercial seaport. A team of engineers was subsequently enlisted by the Puntland authorities to assess the ongoing renovations taking place at the port. According to the Minister of Ports, Saeed Mohamed Ragge, the Puntland government intends to launch more such development projects in Las Khorey. Somalia has one merchant marine. Established in 2008, it is cargo-based. Rail transport in Somalia consisted of the

title: Oil exploration in Puntland

text: Oil exploration in Puntland Oil exploration in Somalia, an autonomous region in northeastern Somalia which is a federal state, began in the mid-2000s as a series of negotiations between the provincial administration and foreign oil companies. By 2012, exploratory wells established in the area yielded the first signs of crude oil. Somalia has untapped reserves of numerous natural resources, including uranium, iron ore, tin, gypsum, bauxite, copper, salt and natural gas. Due to its proximity to the oil-rich Gulf Arab states such as Saudi Arabia and Yemen, the nation has also long been believed to contain substantial unexploited reserves of

title: Somalia

text: In central Somalia, Galmudug is another regional entity that emerged just south of Puntland. Jubaland in the far south is a fourth autonomous region within the federation. In 2014, a new South West State was likewise established. In April 2015, a formation conference was also launched for a new Central Regions State. The Federal Parliament is tasked with selecting the ultimate number and boundaries of the autonomous regional states (officially "Federal Member States") within the Federal Republic of Somalia. Somalia is bordered by Djibouti to the northwest, Kenya to the southwest, the Gulf of Aden to the north, the Guardafui

title: Somalia

text: Somalia as a "fragile state" that is making some progress towards stability. In August 2014, the Somali government-led Operation Indian Ocean was launched against insurgent-held pockets in the countryside. The war continues in 2017. In October 2017, more than 500 people were killed by twin bomb explosions in Somalia's capital city Mogadishu. Somalia is officially divided into eighteen regions ("gobollada", singular "gobol"), which in turn are subdivided into districts. The regions are: Northern Somalia is now "de facto" divided up among the autonomous regions of Puntland (which considers itself an autonomous state) and Somaliland (a self-declared but unrecognized sovereign state).

title: Consolidation of states within Somalia (1998–2006)

text: agreed to form a joint administration and state, that being Puntland. Ever since then, Puntland and Somaliland have been in a sometimes-violent dispute over the primarily Darod regions of Sool and Sanaag. Maakhir (Makhir) is a self-proclaimed autonomous state within Somaliland declared Independent on July 1, 2007 on an area "disputed" by Somaliland and Puntland. Maakhir's template of self-governance rests on the building block system endorsed by the International community as a way of reconstituting the collapsed state of Somalia. This system of local level government in Somalia is seen as a workable long-term strategy in resolving inter-clan conflicts and

title: Puntland–Somaliland dispute

text: The dispute with the Transitional Federal Government (TFG) stems from the passage of the new Charter in November 2004. However, this was not a pragmatic issue until the military successes of the government in the 2006–2007 war in Somalia. Assertions of sovereignty in January 2007 by the TFG leadership sparked riots in Somaliland. On July 1, 2007, the state of Maakhir was declared in Sanaag. The polity's leaders claimed independence from both Puntland and Somaliland, but Maakhir was later officially incorporated into Puntland in January 2009. On 20 July 2013, an agreement between local elders in the south of Sanaag

title: South West State of Somalia

text: to defuse political tension between the two competing Southwestern State delegations. The autonomous Puntland regional administration in northeastern Somalia issued a statement the following day congratulating Abdinur on his election as president of the Southwestern State. The Puntland State House also expressed support for the three-region state process in Baidoa, and indicated that the Puntland authorities were prepared to provide technical and experience-related assistance to the nascent federal state. On 22 June 2014, the federal government concluded its mediation between the supporters of the parallel three-region and six-region processes for a new Southwestern State of Somalia. Wings from both sides

title: Somalia

text: of Defence of the Federal Government of Somalia, formed in mid-2012. In January 2013, the Somali federal government also re-opened the national intelligence service in Mogadishu, renaming the agency the National Intelligence and Security Agency (NISA). The Somaliland and Puntland regional governments maintain their own security and police forces. According to the CIA and the Central Bank of Somalia, despite experiencing civil unrest, Somalia has maintained a healthy informal economy, based mainly on livestock, remittance/money transfer companies and telecommunications. Due to a dearth of formal government statistics and the recent civil war, it is difficult to gauge the size or

title: Women in Somalia

text: Women in Somalia Women in Somalia form a key part of Somali society, with clearly defined and important roles in the family and clan structure. This includes Somali women in the autonomous Puntland region and Somaliland, a self-declared republic that is internationally recognized as an autonomous region (Federal Member State) of Somalia. According to a poll cited by Face2Face Africa, Somalia has the most beautiful women in Africa. Most people in Somalia are Muslims. Somalia's population is expanding at a growth rate of 1.67% per annum and a birth rate of 41.45 births/1,000 people. Somalia's total fertility rate in 2013

title: Football in Somalia

text: autonomous Puntland administration in conjunction with the Somali Football Federation, the tournament also marked the first time that the event was held outside Mogadishu. Football in Somalia Football in Somalia is run by the Somali Football Federation. The association administers the national football team, as well as the Premier League. Football is the most popular sport in Somalia. Football was introduced in Somalia by the Italians, as an amateur sport activity of colonial Mogadishu & surroundings in the late 1920s. In the 1930s, Italian authorities began to organize professional sport in Somalia. These sports were initially concentrated only in the

title: Education in Somalia

text: rural areas, with marginally more pupils attending and instructors teaching classes in urban areas. Higher education in Somalia is now largely private. Several universities in the country, including Mogadishu University, have been scored among the 100 best universities in Africa, which has been hailed as a triumph for grass-roots initiatives. The table below shows the level of education completed by surveyed residents of Puntland and Somalialand. Education in Somalia Education in Somalia refers to the academic system within Somalia. The Ministry of Education is officially responsible for education in Somalia, with about 15% of the nation's budget allocated to scholastic

title: Constitution of Puntland

text: (Garowe Community Constitutional Conference), included the registration and accommodation of delegates, undertaken by a preparatory committee which organised the whole conference process and drafted the charter with the help of a group of international constitutional lawyers. Over 460 delegates representing the different sub-clans and social strata participated. A provisional Charter was adopted in July and a president and vice-president were elected, marking the establishment of the Puntland State of Somalia. A transitional constitution was adopted by the House of Representatives of Puntland on 05/06/2011. In conformity with Article 28, a constitutional commission was established and a new constitution proposed. The

title: Puntland

text: more pupils attending and instructors teaching classes in urban areas. As of 2015, the population of Puntland is estimated at 4.2 million residents, 65% of whom are nomads. The region is primarily inhabited by people from the Somali ethnic group, with the Darod especially well-represented. There are also a number of Mehri residents. Puntland's population growth rate is quite high due in part to an influx of people from southern Somalia and from neighboring Northeast African countries. Currently, 30% of the region's residents live in the fast-growing towns of Bosaso, Gardo, Galdogob, Garowe and Galkayo. Approximately 70% of the population

title: Media of Somalia

text: main headquarters in Bosaso, the commercial capital of Puntland, the broadcaster's network of 7 FM transmitters reaches most of Puntland as well as part of the neighboring Galmudug region to the south. Also centered in Bosaso with its studios in Garowe is the Somali Broadcasting Corporation, Puntland's oldest and second largest private radio station. In addition, Horseed Radio, Al Xigma, and One Nation Radio have headquarters in Bosaso. Radio Gaalkacyo, formerly known as Radio Free Somalia, operates from Galkayo in the north-central Mudug province, as does Codka Nabada (Voice of Peace), and Radio Hage. Other radio stations broadcasting from Puntland

title: Education in Somalia

text: Education in Somalia Education in Somalia refers to the academic system within Somalia. The Ministry of Education is officially responsible for education in Somalia, with about 15% of the nation's budget allocated to scholastic instruction. The autonomous Puntland and Somaliland macro-regions maintain their own Ministries of Education. The school system in the colonial era before WW2 was limited mainly to primary schools (like the "Scuola Regina Elena"), but in the capital Mogadishu of "Italian Somalia" there was an important high school. In this Lyceum was created in the early 1950s the "National Institute of Legal, Economic and Social Studies", as

title: Puntland

text: a locally recruited, professional maritime security force. It is primarily aimed at preventing, detecting and eradicating piracy, illegal fishing, and other illicit activity off of the coast of Somalia, and at generally safeguarding the nation's marine resources. In addition, the Force provides civic support, including repairing wells, rehabilitating hospitals and clinics, and refurbishing roads, airports and other infrastructure. It also offers skills training programs to local communities. Puntland has 1600 km of coastline, which is abundant with fish and other natural marine resources. Additional economic products and activities of the region include livestock, frankincense, myrrh, gum arabic, manufacturing and agriculture.

title: Puntland

text: pastoralism as the most effective use of land in most parts of the region. The most valuable grazing land includes the Hawd region in the high plateau to the west of the Mudug and Sool regions of Somalia, and into Ethiopia and the low Nugaal valley. Mild temperatures, by contrast, are experienced only along the high mountain ranges of Bari. In all other areas, Puntland is generally characterized by tropical desert heat. Rainfall is sparse and variable, with no single area receiving more than of rain annually. Nomads primarily rely on wells as a source of water rather than surface

title: Communications in Somalia

text: is re-opened and the sector is given adequate public support. Online news outlets covering Somalia include Garowe Online, Wardheernews, Horseedmedia, Calannka, Jowhar, Hiiraan, Boramanews and Puntland Post. To call in Somalia, the following format is used: As of the end of 2013, over 52% of Somalia's population used a cellphone. According to the Centre for Law and Democracy (CLD) and the African Union/United Nations Information Support Team (IST), Somalia did not have systemic internet blocking or filtering as of December 2012. The application of content standards online was also unclear. Somalia established its first ISP in 1999, one of the

title: Somalia Green Party

text: its international and communications office in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. Somalia Green Party The Somalia Green Party (SGP) is the local green party of Somalia. It has an environmentalist focus. The SGP is a member of the Horn of African Greens in the Federation of Green Parties of Africa, which includes the national green parties in the other Horn of Africa states of Djibouti, Eritrea and Ethiopia. The association has its headquarters in Mogadishu and Jilib in southern Somalia. Plans are also in the works to open up new SGP branches in the autonomous northern Puntland and Somaliland regions, as well

title: Somalia Green Party

text: Somalia Green Party The Somalia Green Party (SGP) is the local green party of Somalia. It has an environmentalist focus. The SGP is a member of the Horn of African Greens in the Federation of Green Parties of Africa, which includes the national green parties in the other Horn of Africa states of Djibouti, Eritrea and Ethiopia. The association has its headquarters in Mogadishu and Jilib in southern Somalia. Plans are also in the works to open up new SGP branches in the autonomous northern Puntland and Somaliland regions, as well as the southernmost Kismayo area. Additionally, the party has

title: Puntland

text: Radio Gaalkacyo is the state radio station. Based in Galkayo, it was formerly known as Radio Free Somalia. Horseed Media was established in 2002 by a group of Somali intellectuals in the Netherlands and Finland. The station broadcasts from Bosaso and has a listening audience of about 80,000 people, with a reach of 150 km. It also operates a website that counts over 10,000 daily visitors. Based in Garowe, "Puntland Post" was established in 2001 by Somali expatriates in Denmark. Its website publishes daily domestic and international news reports and analysis in both Somali and English, with an emphasis on

title: Puntland

text: water. There are four main seasons around which pastoral and agricultural life revolve, and these are dictated by shifts in the wind patterns. Puntland's seasons are: Following the outbreak of the civil war in Somalia, numerous problems arose with regard to access to education in rural areas and along gender lines, quality of educational provisions, responsiveness of school curricula, educational standards and controls, management and planning capacity, and financing. To address these concerns, the Puntland government is in the process of developing an educational policy to guide the region's scholastic process as it embarks on the path of reconstruction and

title: Puntland

text: the conflicting interests among the European imperial powers that were then looking to control the Somali peninsula, so as to avoid direct occupation of their territories by force. With the gradual extension into northern Somalia of European colonial rule, all three sultanates were annexed to Italian Somaliland and British Somaliland in the early 20th century. The local commercial hub of Bosaso was represented in the parliament of the succeeding Trust Territory of Somaliland by the MPs Haji Bashir Ismail Yusuf and Ugaas Yassin Ugaas Abdirahman. Much of the northern sultanates' former domain is today coextensive with the autonomous Puntland region

title: Damo, Somalia

text: Damo, Somalia Damo () is an ancient town in northeastern Somalia. It is situated in the autonomous Puntland region, 5 km west of Cape Guardafui. From late October to early December 1975, at the invitation of the Somali government, Neville Chittick led a British-Somali archaeological expedition in the northern half of Somalia. Members of the party included the Director of the Somali National Museum in Mogadishu, Sa‘id Ahmad Warsame, as well as ‘Ali ‘Abd al-Rahman and Fabby Nielson. Particular emphasis was placed on the area near Cape Guardafui in the far northeast. Financed by the Somali authorities, the survey found

title: Puntland Maritime Police Force

text: had been hijacked over two years prior, on March 29, 2010. Acting on gathered intelligence that pirates were holding the commandeered ship's crew on board as opposed to separate locations, the Force first attempted a direct rescue of the hostages on December 10. When this failed, PMPF units blockaded the vessel, killing three pirates and capturing three others who were attempting to smuggle in weapons reinforcements. The MV "Iceberg 1" was subsequently taken into Puntland government custody, and all 22 of its rescued crew were given medical attention. In November 2013, during the 2013 Somalia cyclone, the Puntland Maritime Police

title: Italy–Somalia relations

text: Italy–Somalia relations Italy–Somalia relations () are bilateral relations between Italy and Somalia. Relations between the modern-day territories of Somalia and Italy stretch back to antiquity. During the Roman empire centuries the "Periplus of the Erythraean Sea", among other documents, reports early commercial exchanges between traders inhabiting city-states on the northern Somali littoral with Roman merchants. Numerous artefacts dating from this period have been uncovered in Somalia, such as at the Damo site in the Puntland region. In terms of administration, Italy first gained a foothold in Somalia through the signing of various pacts and agreements in the late 19th century

text: Transitional Federal Government, local state governments maintain some power over their affairs and maintain their own police and security forces, but are subject to the authority of the Transitional Federal Government. The Ministry of Education is officially responsible for education in Somalia, with about 15% of the government's budget being spent on education. However, in practice, the education system is now largely private. In 2006, the autonomous Puntland region in the northeast was the second territory in Somalia after the Somaliland region to introduce free primary schools, with teachers now receiving their salaries from the Puntland administration. As of 2007,

title: Golis Telecom Somalia

text: of stocks, currency rate exchange and weather forecasts. Additionally, the service offers access to local Somali media, as well as international news channels like the BBC, Al-Jazeera and CNN. According to "The Economist", in 2005 Golis offered one of the cheapest international calling rates on the planet: at $10.20 USD, less than anywhere else in the world. In August 2011, the Salaam Bank also launched an independent (Kaaftoon) service partnering the institution with Golis Telecom Somalia. Golis Telecom Somalia Golis Telecom Somalia (), shortened to Golis, is the largest telecommunications operator in the Puntland state of northeastern Somalia. It was

title: States and regions of Somalia

text: has no relations with the Government of Somalia. Despite that, no country has recognized Somaliland's independence. The Government of Somalia considers Somaliland as a federal member state." Below are the regions of Somalia, along with their capitals shown in brackets: "Note: Awdalland and Zeila & Lughaya States hold competing claims over the Awdal Region. Both states are not recognized by the government of Somalia" "Note: Khatumo State is not recognised by Puntland, the Somali government, or Self Declared Republic of Somaliland." States and regions of Somalia Somalia is a federal republic consisting of six states divided into eighteen administrative regions

title: Greater Somalia

text: of the war in Somalia by the allied forces of the Somali Transitional Federal Government (TFG), the autonomous governing zones of Puntland, Southwestern Somalia, Jubaland, and Galmudug and their military backer, Ethiopia. The Islamic Courts split into two factions. One faction wanted to sign a peace deal and merge with the TFG, while the other sought to defeat the Ethiopian troops and expel the African Union soldiers before any peace agreements. Greater Somalia Greater Somalia (, ) comprises the regions in or near the Horn of Africa in which ethnic Somalis live and have historically inhabited. The territory historically encompassed

title: Somalia

text: system is in the process of being rebuilt, and is overseen by the Ministry of Health. The current Minister of Health is Qamar Adan Ali. The autonomous Puntland region maintains its own Ministry of Health, as does the Somaliland region in northwestern Somalia. Some of the prominent healthcare facilities in the country are East Bardera Mothers and Children's Hospital, Abudwak Maternity and Children's Hospital, Edna Adan Maternity Hospital and West Bardera Maternity Unit. Following the outbreak of the civil war in 1991, the task of running schools in Somalia was initially taken up by community education committees established in 94%

text: Consolidation of states within Somalia (1998–2006) Following the civil war and the ensuing societal chaos, some factions managed to exert a degree of authority over certain regions of Somalia where they maintained broad, clan-based support. This allowed these factions to establish working administrations and eventually coherent states, and restored order to their regions. This occurred first in Puntland, Southwestern Somalia, Galmudug, Jubaland and finally Banadir. In 1981, a group of Isaaq émigrés in London formed the Somali National Movement (SNM), who dedicated themselves to defeating Siad Barre, and invaded Northwestern Somalia via Ethiopia during the civil war. Siad Barre fought