query: what dialect do most chinese speak?

title: Zigong dialect

text: while most dialects of Sichuanese Mandarin can not. There are 38 finals in the Zigong dialect. These words have meanings in Zigong Dialect entirely different from those in Mandarin. Zigong dialect Zigong dialect () is a branch of Southwestern Mandarin, spoken mainly in Zigong, Fushun, Weiyuan, east Rongxian and some parts of Yibin, Neijiang, Longchang and other neighboring areas of Sichuan. At least four Chinese dialects are spoken in Zigong City: Zigong dialect, Rongxian dialect, Hakka and Minjiang dialect. A majority of people in Zigong speak Zigong dialect. However, most people in Rongxian, a county of Zigong City, speak Rongxian

title: Zigong dialect

text: Zigong dialect Zigong dialect () is a branch of Southwestern Mandarin, spoken mainly in Zigong, Fushun, Weiyuan, east Rongxian and some parts of Yibin, Neijiang, Longchang and other neighboring areas of Sichuan. At least four Chinese dialects are spoken in Zigong City: Zigong dialect, Rongxian dialect, Hakka and Minjiang dialect. A majority of people in Zigong speak Zigong dialect. However, most people in Rongxian, a county of Zigong City, speak Rongxian dialect, whose pronunciation is quite different from that of Zigong dialect. Besides, owing to a great number of Hakka immigrants in history, a small number of Hakka people in

title: Standard Chinese

text: rural Chinese-language speakers do not speak Standard Chinese fluently, if at all, though most are able to understand it. But urban residents and the younger generations, who received their education with Standard Mandarin as the primary medium of education, are almost all fluent in a version of Standard Chinese, some to the extent of being unable to speak their local dialect. In the predominantly Han areas in mainland China, while the use of Standard Chinese is encouraged as the common working language, the PRC has been somewhat sensitive to the status of minority languages and, outside the education context, has

title: Beijing dialect

text: have reported that Chinese who speak Beijing dialect can understand Dungan, but Dungans could not understand the Beijing Mandarin. In fundamental structure, the phonology of the Beijing dialect and Standard Chinese are almost identical. In part, this is because the pronunciation of Standard Chinese was based on Beijing pronunciation. (See Standard Chinese for its phonology charts; the same basic structure applies to the Beijing dialect.) However, some striking differences exist. Most prominent is the proliferation of rhotic vowels. All rhotic vowels are the result of the use of the - , a noun suffix, except for a few words pronounced

title: Varieties of Chinese

text: political divisions or categories, and this has for the most part prevented dialect from becoming the basis of identity politics. Historically, many of the people who promoted Chinese nationalism were from southern China and did not natively speak the national standard language, and even leaders from northern China rarely spoke with the standard accent. For example, Mao Zedong often emphasized his Hunan origins in speaking, rendering much of what he said incomprehensible to many Chinese. One consequence of this is that China does not have a well-developed tradition of spoken political rhetoric, and most Chinese political works are intended primarily

title: Changsha dialect

text: Changsha dialect Changsha dialect () is a dialect of New Xiang Chinese. It is spoken predominantly in Changsha, the capital of Hunan province. It is not mutually intelligible with Standard Mandarin, the official language of China. Changsha dialect is what Chinese dialectologists would call a New Xiang variety, as opposed to Old Xiang; the distinction is mainly based on the presence of the Middle Chinese voiced plosives and affricates. The Old Xiang varieties, being more conservative, have in general kept them while the New Xiang ones have altogether lost them and changed them to voiceless unaspirated consonants. Although most Chinese

title: Jiangyin dialect

text: Suzhou and Shanghai. As one travels south towards Wuxi away from the urban center of Jiangyin, Jiangyin dialect gradually becomes more and more closer sounding to the Wuxi dialect. A book called A collection of Jiangyin dialect has been published. Jiangyin dialect Jiangyin dialect (江阴话) is a Northern Wu Chinese dialect spoken in the city of Jiangyin in Jiangsu province. Jiangyin dialect is a member of the Wu Chinese Taihu Wu family of dialects, which means the inhabitants speak a dialect similar to that of nearby Wuxi, Changzhou, Suzhou, and Shanghai. Jiangyin dialect itself is of the Piling variety, related

title: Jiangyin dialect

text: Jiangyin dialect Jiangyin dialect (江阴话) is a Northern Wu Chinese dialect spoken in the city of Jiangyin in Jiangsu province. Jiangyin dialect is a member of the Wu Chinese Taihu Wu family of dialects, which means the inhabitants speak a dialect similar to that of nearby Wuxi, Changzhou, Suzhou, and Shanghai. Jiangyin dialect itself is of the Piling variety, related to the Changzhou dialect. Jiangyin dialect has the highest degree of mutual intelligibility with the dialects of the closest neighboring cities of Changzhou and Wuxi but also has a fairly large degree of mutual intelligibility with the dialects of nearby

title: Chinese language

text: Chinese, a resident of Shanghai might speak Shanghainese; and, if he or she grew up elsewhere, then he or she is also likely to be fluent in the particular dialect of that local area. A native of Guangzhou may speak both Cantonese and Standard Chinese. In addition to Mandarin, most Taiwanese also speak Minnan, Hakka, or an Austronesian language. A Taiwanese may commonly mix pronunciations, phrases, and words from Mandarin and other Taiwanese languages, and this mixture is considered normal in daily or informal speech. The official Chinese designation for the major branches of Chinese is "fāngyán" (, literally "regional

title: Chinese people in Myanmar

text: satellite shantytowns on the outskirts of Mandalay in economic destitution. The wealth disparity and abject poverty among the indigenous Burmese aborigines has resulted hostility blaming their socioeconomic ills on foreign domination, exploitation, and looting of their country by a relative handful of outsiders, namely Chinese. Most Burmese Chinese speak Burmese in their daily life. Those with higher education also speak Mandarin and/or English. The use of Chinese dialects still prevails. Hokkien (a dialect of Min Nan) and Taishanese (a Yue dialect akin to Cantonese) are mostly used in Yangon as well as in Lower Burma, while Yunnanese Mandarin is well

title: Han Chinese subgroups

text: Jiangxi. Scattered remnants of Wu-speaking Chinese are found in other parts of China, such as in Guizhou, Sichuan, Chongqing and Xinjiang, as a result after 1964. Most of them outside of Jiangnan region usually speak variants of Taihu Wu dialects. Wu Chinese is spoken chiefly in the Wu region. Jiangnanese people consist of both Shanghainese people and Ningbo people, as well as other ethnic Han in Jiangnan. They mostly speak variants of Taihu Wu Chinese. Other languages spoken are Jianghuai Mandarin and Xuanzhou Wu Chinese. The Shanghainese people are centered around Shanghai and speak the Shanghainese dialect of Wu. Ningbo

title: Chinese Wikipedia

text: Chinese-speaking regions, including mainland China, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Macau, and Singapore. This register is largely associated with the grammar and vocabulary of Standard Chinese, the official spoken language of mainland China, Taiwan, and Singapore (but not exclusively of Hong Kong and Macau, which largely use Cantonese). The varieties of Chinese are a diverse group encompassing many regional varieties, most of which are mutually unintelligible and often divided up into several larger dialect groups, such as Wu (including Shanghainese and Suzhounese), Min Nan (of which Taiwanese is a notable dialect), and Cantonese. In regions that speak non-Mandarin languages or regional Mandarin

title: Teochew dialect

text: migrated to these countries are secondary immigrants from Hong Kong and Taiwan. Most of them are second-generation people from Hong Kong and Taiwan who speak Cantonese, Hokkien and Mandarin, as well as Korean and Japanese, leaving Teochew to be spoken mostly by elders. Teochew is a variety of Southern Min and is one of the more well known Min Chinese varieties, together with Hokkien, which is spoken in southern Fujian, and the and Fuzhou dialect, a dialect of Eastern Min, spoken in Fujian's capital, Fuzhou. It has high phonetic similarity to Hokkien but has low lexical similarity. Although Teochew shares

title: Chinese Indonesians

text: Malay and Indonesian. However, scholars argue it is different from the mixture of spoken Javanese and Malay that is perceived to be "spoken exclusively by ethnic Chinese". Academic literature discussing Chinese Malay commonly note that ethnic Chinese do not speak the same dialect of Malay throughout the archipelago. Furthermore, although the Dutch colonial government first introduced the Malay orthography in 1901, Chinese newspapers did not follow this standard until after independence. Because of these factors, the ethnic Chinese play a "significant role" in the development of the modern Indonesian language as the largest group during the colonial period to communicate

title: Speak Mandarin Campaign

text: to 47% in 2010. The Speak Mandarin Campaign has come under criticism from several fronts. Dialect speakers have complained that their children have to study two foreign languages English and Mandarin. This is contrasted to a possible alternative policy of English and their native language. Lee Kuan Yew himself recognized this and acknowledged that for many Chinese Singaporeans, Mandarin is a "stepmother tongue" and "dialect is the real mother tongue". Further, in 2009, in spite of the ongoing 华文？谁怕谁 (Be heard in Chinese) movement, Lee admitted that the teaching of Mandarin Chinese in schools went the "wrong way" and that

title: Jian'ou dialect

text: syllables. The entering tones in Jian'ou dialect do not have any entering tone coda (入聲韻尾) such as , , and which makes it distinct from many other Chinese varieties. Jian'ou dialect Jian'ou dialect (Northern Min: / ; Chinese: ), also known as Kienow dialect, is a local dialect of Northern Min Chinese spoken in Jian'ou in the north of the Fujian province. It is regarded as the standard common language in Jian'ou. According to "The Eight Tones of Kien-chou" (建州八音), a rime dictionary which published in 1795, Jian'ou dialect has 15 initials, 34 rimes and 7 tones in the 18th

title: Han Chinese subgroups

text: people are another Wu-speaking Chinese group and speak the Ningbo dialect. Wenzhou people are a Wu-speaking Chinese group who speak Wenzhounese. Though a significant minority are also speakers of a dialect of Min Nan known as Zhenan Min. If Huizhou Chinese was fully considered to be a subdivision of Wu Chinese, then people from Huizhou are considered to be Wu-speaking. Wu Chinese is also spoken by a minuscule minority, particularly by Mainlanders, both in Taiwan and in Hong Kong, as also other overseas Chinese communities. Yue or Cantonese speakers are predominant in the Pearl River basin (western-central Guangdong and eastern-central

title: Qingtian dialect

text: Qingtian dialect Qingtian dialect () is a dialect of the Chinese language. It is spoken in Qingtian county of Lishui prefecture in Zhejiang, China. Qingtian dialect is of the Chuqu dialects of Wu Chinese spoken in Quzhou and Lishui prefectures of Zhejiang. It is also often spoken by overseas Chinese who are from Qingtian. However, the next generation often doesn't know how to do so. This is due to the fact that they are often exposed to two of their native languages: mandarin and their dialect, and the language of the country they are living in. Therefore, they usually communicate

title: Varieties of Chinese

text: least a good passive knowledge of it, in addition to being native speakers of the local dialect. The choice of dialect varies based on the social situation. Standard Chinese is usually considered more formal and is required when speaking to a person who does not understand the local dialect. The local dialect (be it non-Standard Chinese or non-Mandarin altogether) is generally considered more intimate and is used among close family members and friends and in everyday conversation within the local area. Chinese speakers will frequently code switch between Standard Chinese and the local dialect. Parents will generally speak to their

title: Fuzhou dialect

text: it could be beneficial to the rule of the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere. One of their most famous works was the "Japanese-Chinese Translation: Fuzhou Dialect" () published in 1940 in Taipei, in which katakana was used to represent Fuzhou pronunciation. By the end of the Qing Dynasty, Fuzhou society had been largely monolingual. But for decades the Chinese government has discouraged the use of the vernacular in school education and in media, so the number of Mandarin speakers has been greatly boosted. Recent reports indicate that less than 50% of young people in Fuzhou are able to speak Fuzhou

title: Han Chinese subgroups

text: is Hakka. In Hong Kong, a majority of the population are Cantonese. According to the CIA World Factbook, 89% of Hong Kongers speak the Cantonese language. Other Han Chinese peoples present in Hong Kong include the Hakka, Hoklo, Teochew and Shanghainese. According to the CIA World Factbook, 85.7% of Macanese speak Cantonese. The term "Macanese people" or Macanese of mixed Cantonese and Portuguese descent. Han Chinese subgroups The sub groups of the Han Chinese people, also known as Sinitic peoples, Chinese dialect groups or just dialect groups, are defined based on linguistic, cultural, genetic, and regional features. The terminology used

title: Fuzhou dialect

text: in some adverbs, aspect markers, conjunctions etc. that come before such units. These two types, the post-nucleus and the pre-nucleus neutral tone, exhibit different tone sandhi behavior. Disyllabic neutral tone words are also attested, as are some inter-nuclei neutral tones, mainly connected to the use of 蜀 "siŏh" // in verbal reduplication. Most words in Fuzhou dialect have cognates in other varieties of Chinese, so a non-Fuzhou speaker would find it much easier to understand Fuzhou dialect written in Chinese characters than spoken in conversation. However, false friends do exist: for example, "" (mŏ̤h sá̤-nê) means "don't be too polite"

title: Malaysian Chinese

text: particular Chinese dialect. Malaysian Chinese are often able to speak the regional prestige dialect beside their ancestral dialect. The regional prestige dialect for each region are: Northern Peninsular Malaysia, particularly Penang, Kedah, northern Perak, Perlis, Kelantan and Terengganu, is predominantly Penang Hokkien speaking. Southern Malaysian Hokkien is the lingua franca in Klang, Malacca, Johor and Kuching. The Chinese population in the central region of Peninsular Malaysia, including Klang Valley (Kepong, Ampang Jaya, Kuala Lumpur, Selayang, Bangi, Gombak, Petaling Jaya, Sungai Buloh, Kajang, Seri Kembangan, Puchong, Shah Alam and Subang Jaya) as well as Sekinchan in the Sabak Bernam district of

title: Fuqing dialect

text: latter character's initial. Which voiced consonant or nasal consonant or whether the consonant is suppressed depends on the place of articulation of the latter syllable's initial. Type A dentals after voicing assimilation do not become the standard , but are slightly flapped. As with the majority of southern varieties of Chinese, the Fuqing dialect exhibits tone sandhi. The phenomenon of tone sandhi in the Fuqing dialect contains a whole set of rules to be followed, but it is still rather complex: one tone can undergo different changes depending on what tone follows it. For example, the light entering (陽入) tone

title: Chinese Americans

text: various varieties of Chinese, collectively referred to as just Chinese, is the third most-spoken language in the United States. It is almost completely spoken within Chinese American populations and by immigrants or the descendants of immigrants, especially in California. Over 2 million Americans speak some variety or dialect of Chinese, with Standard Chinese (Mandarin) becoming increasingly common due to immigration from China and supplanting the previous widespread Cantonese and Taishanese. In New York City at least, although Standard Chinese (Mandarin) is spoken as a native language among only 10% of American born Chinese speakers, it is used as a secondary

title: Wu Chinese

text: second-person plural is a separate root, . In the Haiyan dialect, first- and third-person pronouns are pluralized with , but the second-person plural is a separate root . All nouns could have just one classifier in Shanghainese. Like other varieties of Southern Chinese, Wu Chinese retains some archaic vocabulary from Classical Chinese, Middle Chinese, and Old Chinese. For instance, for "to speak" or "speaking", Wu dialects, with the exception of Hangzhou dialect, use "góng" (Simplified Chinese: 讲; Traditional Chinese: 講), whereas Mandarin uses "shuō" (Simplified Chinese: 说; Traditional Chinese: 說). Furthermore, in Guangfeng and Yushan counties of Jiangxi province, 曰

title: Zhangjiakou–Hohhot dialect

text: full-fledged form, however, it is only partially intelligible with Standard Chinese. Arguably the most eccentric sound is the "nge" sound used to express "I". Many expressions in the dialect has crossed over itself with the Mandarin taught in schools to create "Hohhot Mandarin", or what is commonly heard on the street. Notable features of the Hohhot dialect include: The above elements are generally seen in the Jin sub-branch of "raw" Hohhot dialect, which has its own exclusive elements: The dialect spoken in Wuchuan County, about 60 km north of the city, has a recognizably different flavour. The same applies to

title: Wuhan dialect

text: morphology of the Wuhan dialect shows both strong features of Southern Chinese and phenomena of language contact with neighbouring languages, particularly Xiang language. Wuhan dialect typically uses many words that are considered slang, and therefore occur much less or not at all in Standard Chinese. Speakers not native to Wuhan may have trouble understanding many or most of these. Examples include: Wuhan dialect Wuhan dialect (, ; ), also known as Hankou dialect and Wuhan Fangyan (Chinese: 武汉方言), belongs to the Wu–Tian branch of Southwestern Mandarin spoken in Wuhan, Tianmen and surrounding areas in Hubei. Wuhan dialect has limited mutual

title: Language and overseas Chinese communities

text: 2 million by some estimates) but are not counted due to the lack of reliable census taking. The Burmese Chinese dominate the Burmese economy today. They also have a very large presence in Burmese higher education, and make up a high percentage of the educated class in Burma. Most Burmese Chinese speak Burmese as their parent tongue. Those with higher education also speak Mandarin and/or English. The use of non-Mandarin Chinese varieties still prevails. Hokkien (a Southern Min dialect) is mostly used in Yangon as well as in Lower Burma, while Taishanese (a Yue language akin to Cantonese) and Yunnanese

title: Malaysian Chinese

text: Chinese dialect proficiently. Most of them can't write or speak Malay as proficiently as the Malay-educated. Beginning in the 1970s, English-medium teaching were gradually replaced with Malay-medium teaching in English national-type schools, which became Malay-medium national schools. Since then, most parents send their children to Chinese primary schools. However, there have been two main options for Malaysian Chinese to get a complete English primary and secondary education after the year 1970. Some send their children to private English international schools in Malaysia which teach a syllabus to sit for the IGCSE or IB Middle Years exams, while others send their

title: Changsha dialect

text: by the elderly while the younger generations do not normally distinguish them. The finals and have become and in the younger speech. Also, the initial consonant in the elderly's and middled-aged's speech is either dropped altogether or changed to . The Changsha dialect, together with other New Xiang varieties, has lost the Middle Chinese obstruents, which are changed to voiceless unaspirated consonants. It has also lost all the final plosives found in the rù tone in Middle Chinese. Changsha has 5 tones, which are neutralized in syllables ending in a stop. Changsha dialect Changsha dialect () is a dialect of

title: Fuzhou dialect

text: Opium War, also known as the First Anglo-Chinese War, was ended in 1842 with the signing of the Treaty of Nanjing, which forced the Qing government to open Fuzhou to all British traders and missionaries. Since then, quite a number of churches and Western-style schools have been established. Consequently, some English words came into Fuzhou dialect, but without fixed written forms in Chinese characters. The most frequently used words are listed below: Some common phrases in Fuzhou dialect: Most of the words of Fuzhou dialect stem from Old Chinese and can therefore be written in Chinese characters. Many books published

title: Bobai dialect

text: Bobai dialect Bobai is Yue Chinese dialect spoken in Bobai County, Guangxi. It was documented by the Chinese linguist Wang Li, a native speaker, and is well known for its tone system. Bobai dialect is widely cited as having the most tones of any variety of Chinese, though in fact it only has six, the same as most Yue dialects. The reason for the claim is that Bobai makes a four-way tonal distinction in checked syllables, whereas most other Yue dialects have three: In Bobai, both the lower and upper entering tone is split (8a and 8b as well as

title: Zhangjiakou–Hohhot dialect

text: Zhangjiakou–Hohhot dialect Zhangjiakou–Hohhot () is a dialect of Jin, one of the principal varieties of Chinese. It is colloquially referred to by native speakers as Cǐdì-huà (此地话; "lit.": local speech, or "this-place speech"). It is spoken in the city of Hohhot, in Inner Mongolia, and Zhangjiakou in Hebei Province in China. One of its sub-branches is Hohhot dialect (), which is also locally referred as Hūshì-huà (呼市话; "lit." Hu-city speech). The other sub-branch is Zhangjiakou dialect (). There is notable dialectal variation within the two cities. People in the Jiu-cheng area (Yuquan District), especially the Muslim Hui minority speak in

title: A Chinese Syllabary Pronounced According to the Dialect of Canton

text: short notes, or usage in each category. A Chinese Syllabary Pronounced According to the Dialect of Canton A Chinese Syllabary Pronounced According to the Dialect of Canton (粵音韻彙) is a book written by Wong Shik-Ling (黃錫凌) within a few years before being published in Hong Kong, 1941. It is one of the most influential books on the research of Cantonese pronunciation. Many Chinese dictionaries later used Wong's Chinese character indices and system of phonetic symbols to denote the Cantonese pronunciation of Chinese characters. Because of its significance, the book has been reprinted many times after its first publishing. Some characters

text: A Chinese Syllabary Pronounced According to the Dialect of Canton A Chinese Syllabary Pronounced According to the Dialect of Canton (粵音韻彙) is a book written by Wong Shik-Ling (黃錫凌) within a few years before being published in Hong Kong, 1941. It is one of the most influential books on the research of Cantonese pronunciation. Many Chinese dictionaries later used Wong's Chinese character indices and system of phonetic symbols to denote the Cantonese pronunciation of Chinese characters. Because of its significance, the book has been reprinted many times after its first publishing. Some characters with multiple pronunciation are commented with meaning,

title: Han Chinese subgroups

text: of Hainan island are all Min Nan dialect groups. The dialect of Cangnan, which is Zhenan Min, is spoken in Wenzhou, Zhejiang. Outside of Mainland China and Taiwan, Min Nan also make up the biggest Chinese dialect group among the overseas Chinese populations in Southeast Asia such as Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia and Philippines, as well as in the United States and Canada. Xiang speakers mostly live in Hunan province, and so are often called Hunanese people. Xiang-speaking people are also found in the adjacent provinces of Hubei, Jiangxi and Sichuan. The Hakka people speak the Hakka Chinese and are predominant

title: Speak Mandarin Campaign

text: valuable, and speaking Mandarin would help Chinese Singaporeans retain their heritage, as Mandarin supposedly contains a cultural repository of values and traditions that are identifiable to all Chinese, regardless of dialect group. The focus of SMC began with encouraging more people, especially the young, to speak Mandarin in place of dialects; allowing people from different dialectal groups to communicate better with a common language and, at the same time, reducing barriers between the different groups, resulting from the use of different dialects. This is important in the unification of all Chinese in Singapore, especially after independence. To meet the demands

title: Chinese Singaporeans

text: is another widely spoken language among Chinese Singaporeans. As of 2010, it was estimated that 47.7% of Chinese Singaporeans speak Mandarin at home. Evidently, Singapore government's Speak Mandarin Campaign was launched in the 1980s with the intention of making Mandarin the lingua franca among the Chinese in Singapore. It was intentionally a way to unify the Chinese from different dialect groups. In the 1990s, this campaign began to target the English-speaking Chinese Singaporeans. As a result of this campaign, Mandarin became widespread in places such as residential areas, neighbourhood markets and even business districts. Mandarin is also often spoken in

title: Mandarin Chinese

text: members of "Mandarin" (or so-called "Northern dialects") in a broader sense. Within Chinese social or cultural discourse, there is not a common "Mandarin" identity based on language; rather, there are strong regional identities centred on individual dialects because of the wide geographical distribution and cultural diversity of their speakers. Speakers of forms of Mandarin other than the standard typically refer to the variety they speak by a geographic name—for example Sichuan dialect, Hebei dialect or Northeastern dialect, all being regarded as distinct from the standard language. The hundreds of modern local varieties of Chinese developed from regional variants of Old

title: Fuzhou dialect

text: dialect. In Mainland China, the Fuzhou dialect has been officially listed as an Intangible Cultural Heritage and promotion work is being systematically carried out to preserve its use. In Matsu, currently controlled by the Republic of China located in Taiwan, the teaching of Fuzhou dialect has been successfully introduced into elementary schools. Like all Chinese varieties, the Fuzhou dialect is a tonal language, and has extensive sandhi rules in the initials, rimes, and tones. These complicated rules make Fuzhou dialect one of the most difficult Chinese varieties. There are seven original tones in Fuzhou dialect, compared with the eight tones

title: Varieties of Chinese

text: dialect of northern Fujian is a minimal example. With the exception of , which is often merged with the zero initial, the initials of this dialect are present in all Chinese varieties, although several varieties do not distinguish from . However, most varieties have additional initials, due to a combination of innovations and retention of distinctions from Middle Chinese: Chinese finals may be analysed as an optional medial glide, a main vowel and an optional coda. Conservative vowel systems, such as those of Gan dialects, have high vowels , and , which also function as medials, mid vowels and ,

title: Huizhou dialect

text: Huizhou dialect The Huizhou dialect () is a Chinese dialect spoken in and around Huicheng District, the traditional urban centre of Huizhou, Guangdong. The locals also call the dialect Bendihua () and distinguish it from the dialect spoken in Meixian and Danshui, Huiyang, which they call Hakka (). The classification of the Huizhou dialect is disputed because it shows characteristics of both Yue and Hakka. Most scholars classify the Huizhou dialect as a dialect of Hakka, but some scholars, most notably Liu Shuxin, consider it to be a dialect of Yue. The first edition of the "Language Atlas of China"

title: Chinese language

text: court missionaries resulted in some rudimentary Latin transcription systems, based on the Nanjing Mandarin dialect. In Hunan, women in certain areas write their local language in Nü Shu, a syllabary derived from Chinese characters. The Dungan language, considered by many a dialect of Mandarin, is nowadays written in Cyrillic, and was previously written in the Arabic script. The Dungan people are primarily Muslim and live mainly in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Russia; some of the related Hui people also speak the language and live mainly in China. Each Chinese character represents a monosyllabic Chinese word or morpheme. In 100 CE, the

title: Houlu dialect

text: Houlu dialect The Houlu (backstreet) dialect is a part of Datian Min, which is a part of the Southern Min group of varieties of Chinese. It is spoken in Northwest Datian County, Southwest Youxi County, and some towns in Yongan County and Shaxian County in the center of Fujian Province. It mixes several Min languages nearby such as Northern Min, Central Min, Eastern Min, and Hokkien. The main area where Houlu is spoken is Northern Datian County including Guangping, Jianshe, Qitao, Wenjiang, Meishan. 22.45% people in Datian speak Houlu. Although Houlu includes some features of Min Zhong and other Min

title: Chou (Chinese opera)

text: recent years. The has a vocal timbre that is distinct from other characters, as the character will often speak in the common Beijing dialect, as opposed to the more formal dialects of other characters. Chou (Chinese opera) The Chou () is the clown role in Chinese opera. The usually plays secondary roles in a troupe. Most studies of Peking opera classify the as a minor role. roles can be divided into (文丑), civilian roles such as merchants and jailers, and (武丑), minor military roles. The is one of the most demanding in Peking opera, because of its combination of comic

title: Shaoxing dialect

text: been compiled by Yang Wei (杨葳) and Yang Jun (杨浚) in "Shaoxing Fangyan" (绍兴方言). There is also an English-language monograph "The Phonology of Shaoxing Chinese" by Zhang Jisheng and a handful of other works in Chinese. The Shaoxing dialect is also mentioned in "Zhejiang Fangyan Fenqu" (浙江方言分区), "Zhejiang Fangyanci" (浙江方言词), and "Shaoxingshi yanyu juan" (绍兴市谚语卷). As with most locations in China, Shaoxing is also covered in the "Linguistic Atlas of Chinese Dialects". Shaoxing dialect The Shaoxing dialect () is a Wu dialect spoken in the city of Shaoxing more specifically in the city center of Yuecheng and its surrounding areas.

title: Longdu dialect

text: vice versa. According to Søren Egerod, who published an extensive study of the dialect based on fieldwork conducted in 1949, the vocabulary consists of three layers: The Longdu dialect is a mother tongue of many Overseas Chinese and is slowly disappearing due to the emigration of people from the Longdu Area. Longdu dialect The Longdu dialect is the most widespread dialect of the Zhongshan Min (Chungsan Min) language division within Southern Min Chinese. Native Speakers originated from towns of Dachong (Taichung) and Shaxi, Guangdong (Saakai) (formerly known as Longdu area) in Zhongshan (Chungsan) in the Pearl River Delta of Guangdong.

title: Bobai dialect

text: 7a and 7b), whereas in Cantonese only 7 is split; other dialects with an 8 split are neighboring Yangjiang and Pinghua, though in the latter at least 7 is not split, and 8 split along different lines. Tones 7b and 8a occur with long vowels, 7a and 8b elsewhere. Bobai dialect Bobai is Yue Chinese dialect spoken in Bobai County, Guangxi. It was documented by the Chinese linguist Wang Li, a native speaker, and is well known for its tone system. Bobai dialect is widely cited as having the most tones of any variety of Chinese, though in fact it

title: Mainland Chinese

text: die. Thus, the great majority of today's "waishengren" are their descendants born in Taiwan, and they do not speak the dialect of their "native province". "Waishengren" are descended from the people who followed Chiang Kai-shek to Taiwan after the Kuomintang lost the Chinese Civil War in 1949. These people included Kuomintang officials, soldiers, merchants, bankers, executives, scientists, intellectuals, refugees, and anyone else who feared Communist rule. Until the 1970s, these people controlled the political systems of Taiwan; this, along with the looting and corruption that occurred under Chen Yi's military government immediately following the Japanese surrender in 1945, generated resentment

title: Gangwon dialect

text: words, much like Chinese or Vietnamese do. Gangwon dialect The Gangwon dialect is spoken in South Korea's Gangwon Province and in North Korea's Kangwŏn Province. Although they are large provinces by area, relatively few people lived in the Gangwon Province. As a result, people living in the western side of Gangwon (Yeongseo) did not develop a highly distinctive dialect. However, the part of Gangwon that stretches on the eastern coast of Korea (Yeongdong), did develop a distinctive dialect. This is because the Taebaek Mountains bisect the Gangwon Province, and the people on eastern Gangwon are isolated from the high mountains.

title: Wu Chinese

text: puns based on local pronunciations that are lost on modern readers or other dialect speakers. Shaoxing opera, for example, is performed in the Shaoxing dialect, however the register is more literary than oral. There are still a number of primary documents available, but they do not always give a clear sense of the dialects' historical pronunciation. They do often offer insight into lexical differences. Most of the sources for diachronic Wu study lie in the folk literature of the region. Since the average person was illiterate and the literate were often traditionalists who possibly perceived their local form of Chinese

title: Beijing dialect

text: that do not have this suffix. In Standard Chinese, these also occur but much less often than they appear in Beijing dialect. This phenomenon is known as () or rhotacization, as is considered one of the iconic characteristics of Beijing Mandarin. When /w/ occurs in syllable-initial position, many speakers use [ʋ] before vowels other than [o] as in , and [u] as in 五 "wu", e.g. . Moreover, Beijing dialect has a few phonetic reductions that are usually considered too "colloquial" for use in Standard Chinese. For example, in fast speech, initial consonants go through lenition if they are in

title: Ningbo dialect

text: 'accents' () as these dialects are relatively uniform and almost identical to each other aside from pronunciation differences and some minor lexical differences. 唱月亮 火瑩頭 Ningbo dialect The Ningbo dialect () is a dialect of Wu Chinese, one subdivision of Chinese language. Ningbo dialect is spoken throughout Ningbo and Zhoushan prefectures, in Zhejiang province. Its native speakers generally understand Shanghainese, another dialect of Wu, but not vice versa. It is not mutually intelligible with Mandarin Chinese, or other subdivision of Chinese language. Ningbo dialect is considered a Yongjiang dialect or Mingzhou dialect (as both terms are synonymous), and is closely

title: Ningbo dialect

text: Ningbo dialect The Ningbo dialect () is a dialect of Wu Chinese, one subdivision of Chinese language. Ningbo dialect is spoken throughout Ningbo and Zhoushan prefectures, in Zhejiang province. Its native speakers generally understand Shanghainese, another dialect of Wu, but not vice versa. It is not mutually intelligible with Mandarin Chinese, or other subdivision of Chinese language. Ningbo dialect is considered a Yongjiang dialect or Mingzhou dialect (as both terms are synonymous), and is closely related to the Taihu Wu dialects of Zhoushan. In terms of inter-intelligibility between dialects within the Yong-Jiang subgroup, they can be more accurately described as

title: Malaysian Chinese

text: are also able to communicate in Cantonese, but vary in fluency. The Hakka dialect is the lingua franca among the Chinese in most major towns in Sabah except Sandakan. The Teochew dialect was the lingua franca of the Chinese community in Johor Bahru until the 1970s. Most Malaysian Chinese are multilingual in at least one Chinese dialect, English and Bahasa Malaysia. However, the level of proficiency in each language is different and depends on which education stream and education level they have received. Malaysian Chinese can be categorised to be educated in three different streams of education: English-, Chinese- and

title: Zigong dialect

text: gold. Therefore, salt trading was always the most profitable business and salt merchants were the wealthiest people. Hence many merchants, mainly from Hubei, Henan, Jiangxi, Fujian, Shaanxi, Shanxi and Guangdong, flooded into Zigong, bringing their Chinese varieties with them. There are four phonemic tones in Zigong dialect: dark level tone, light level tone, rising tone and departing tone. The four tones all have different pitches vis a vis Mandarin. The ancient checked tone of Chinese has been redistributed entirely into departing tone. There are 24 initials in the Zigong dialect. Zigong dialect can clearly differentiate retroflex consonant and alveolo-palatal consonant,

title: Speak Mandarin Campaign

text: and sponsored night classes in Cantonese music in government-run community centers. One of the most influential implementations that the Speak Mandarin Campaign has used is "The Straits Times". For instance, as part of the campaign to promote greater use for Chinese, the English newspaper would publish daily Mandarin vocabulary lessons in order to help Singaporeans improve their standard for Mandarin. Other ways of encouraging people to learn Chinese is to sign up for speak Mandarin courses, listen to Chinese music, explore online resources and download audio lessons, which can be found in the official website of Speak Mandarin Campaign. Besides,

title: Wuhan dialect

text: Wuhan dialect Wuhan dialect (, ; ), also known as Hankou dialect and Wuhan Fangyan (Chinese: 武汉方言), belongs to the Wu–Tian branch of Southwestern Mandarin spoken in Wuhan, Tianmen and surrounding areas in Hubei. Wuhan dialect has limited mutual intelligibility with Standard Chinese. Grammatically, it has been observed to have a similar aspect system with Xiang Chinese and syntactic structures commonly found in Southern Chinese varieties. Like other Southwestern Mandarin varieties, there are four tones in the Wuhan dialect. Words with the checked tone in Middle Chinese became the light level tone on a large scale, with certain exceptions. The

title: Chinese Singaporeans

text: in the Singaporean Chinese culture compared to that of China. Some traditional Chinese religious and folks custom are preserved by the Chinese community in Singapore, but are no longer practised or seen in China after the Cultural Revolution. This is especially true of regional rites and rituals practised by Singaporean descendants of immigrants from southern China. There are also distinctive recognisable differences between the Singaporean Mandarin and mainland Chinese Mandarin accents. Colloquially, many Singaporean Chinese also speak a creole of Singlish and Singdarin or code switch between English and Mandarin or a dialect. Many of the local Chinese dialects in

title: Saga dialect

text: Saga dialect The is a dialect of the Japanese language widely spoken in Saga prefecture and some other areas, such as Isahaya. It is influenced by Kyushu dialect and Hichiku dialect. Saga-ben is further divided by accents centered on individual towns. The Saga dialect, like most dialects of rural Kyushu, can be nearly unintelligible to people who are accustomed to standard Japanese. A popular urban legend has it that two Saga-ben speakers met up in Tokyo and bystanders mistook their dialect for Chinese. Many of Saga's dialectical properties are variants, in particles or conjugations, of standard Japanese. The Demonstrative series

title: Rui'an dialect

text: "entering" ˨˩˨ and "short" ˨. We'll now use A, B, C, D, E, and 0 for these six tones. ordinal numerals, and the later three lectures are cardinal numerals and are generally followed by a classifier. Below is a list of the most common vocabulary in Ruian dialect. Like other Wu dialects, in Ruian dialect a Chinese character can have more than one reading, divided in vernacular readings (白讀)and literary readings （文讀）, in comparison with other Wu dialects, Ruian dialect has relatively few multiple readings. Below are some samples. Rui'an dialect Ruian dialect (瑞安話; pronounced in Ruian dialect) is a

title: Qidong, Jiangsu

text: of a violent environmental protest against an industrial waste pipeline. People living in Lüsi town speak a different dialect—known as the Lüsi () or Tongdong dialect ()—from most other residents, who generally speak Qidong Dialect (). The two dialects are considerably different and thus they are not mutually intelligible. Because most economic, educational and governmental activities are held in the city capital Huilong, where Qidong Dialect is prevalent, many residents of Lüsi have learned to understand and even speak the majority dialect. Qidong Dialect is a dialect of Wu Chinese. Some people consider it similar to Shanghainese, also a dialect

title: Chinese Indonesians

text: 2.2 million native speakers of various Chinese varieties in Indonesia in 1982: 1,300,000 speakers of Southern Min varieties (including Hokkien and Teochew); 640,000 Hakka speakers; 460,000 Mandarin speakers; 180,000 Cantonese speakers; and 20,000 speakers of the Eastern Min varieties (including Fuzhou dialect). Additionally, an estimated 20,000 spoke different dialects of the Indonesian language. Many of the Chinese living in capital city Jakarta and other towns located in Java are not fluent in Chinese languages, due to New Order's banning of Chinese languages, but those who are living in non-Java cities especially in Sumatra and Kalimantan can speak Chinese and its

title: Ganyu dialect

text: Ganyu dialect Ganyu dialect is a () is a dialect of Mandarin Chinese. It is spoken in the formerGanyu county, now renamed as Ganyu district and the northwestern part of Donghai county, in Jiangsu province of China. Ganyu dialect is a kind of Mandarin Chinese, but there are great disputes in the subdivision of Mandarin Chinese. Some linguists regard it as one of Central Plains Mandarin like Xuzhou Dialect because of same evolution of the entering tone in ancient Chinese with Central Plains Mandarin. But some linguists think of it as a kind of Jiaoliao Mandarin because of same initial

title: Suzhou dialect

text: are phonemically toneless.) In Suzhou, the Middle Chinese Shang tone has partially merged with the modern yin qu tone. Suzhou dialect The Suzhou dialect (; Suzhounese: "Sou-tsøʏ ghé-ghô" ), also known as Suzhounese, is the variety of Chinese traditionally spoken in the city of Suzhou in Jiangsu Province, China. Suzhounese is a variety of Wu Chinese, and was traditionally considered the Wu Chinese prestige dialect. Suzhounese has a large vowel inventory and it is relatively conservative in initials by preserving voiced consonants from Middle Chinese. Suzhou dialect is spoken within the city itself and the surrounding area, including migrants living

title: Dapeng dialect

text: Dapeng dialect Dapeng dialect () is a Chinese dialect, a variant of Cantonese with a strong Hakka influence that was originally only spoken on the Dapeng Peninsula of Shenzhen, Guangdong, China. The Chinese diaspora has spread the dialect to places with large populations whose ancestral roots are originally from Dapeng, Shenzhen, Guangdong. Today, their descendants living in Hong Kong, as well among overseas Chinese living in the Randstad region of The Netherlands, Portsmouth, UK and New York City, United States have a lot of Dapeng dialect speakers. The dialect is a form of junhua, created as a lingua franca by

title: Thai Chinese

text: as basic numbers (such as those from "three" to "ten") and terms related to gambling. Chin Haw Chinese speak Southwestern Mandarin. Some Thai Chinese families encourage their children learn Mandarin Chinese to reap benefits from their ethnic Chinese identity as Mandarin has been increasingly the primary language of business for Overseas Chinese business communities. But most Thais who study Chinese do so because it boosts their business or career opportunity, rather than because of ethnic identity reason. Although Chinese language schools were closed during the nationalist period before and during the Second World War, the Thai government never tried to

title: Benteng Chinese

text: if most Benteng Chinese do not speak Chinese language, they maintain Chinese traditions including the use of Qing wedding costumes. Notable people with Benteng Chinese heritage or ties include: Benteng Chinese Benteng Chinese (Bahasa Indonesia: Cina Benteng or Tionghoa Benteng) are a Chinese-Indonesian community of 'Peranakan' or mixed descent, native to the historic Tangerang area in the modern-day Indonesian provinces of Jakarta, Banten and West Java. The name 'Benteng' is derived from the Malay word for 'fortress', used formerly to refer to the historic Tangerang area. It refers to a colonial fortress on the banks of the Cisadane River, built

title: Chinese in New York City

text: arrive into New York City with the popularity of Hong Kong Cantonese cuisine and entertainment being widely available, the Cantonese dialect and culture still hold a large influence, and Cantonese is still a lingua franca in those enclaves. Even though there are very large Fuzhou populations in Manhattan's Chinatown and Brooklyn's Chinese enclaves, many of whom speak Mandarin as well, the influence of Mandarin in those enclaves is as only one of the lingua francas in addition to Cantonese, rather than being the dominant one – unlike in the Chinese enclaves in Queens, where Mandarin is the most dominant lingua

title: Speak Mandarin Campaign

text: required to receive the channel, it prevented local newspapers and magazines from carrying listings for it. In addition, in collaboration with Speak Mandarin Campaign, Golden Village started to show more Chinese movies especially of local production to increase the awareness of speaking Mandarin. The Singaporean state did not prioritize the suppression of the dialects However, suppression of dialects was never a major part of the campaign, since the government was tolerant of old peoples' use of dialect, and assumed that young people would have no use for dialects. In fact, the government promoted Cantonese opera as a traditional ethnic performance

title: Chinese Singaporeans

text: confined to the Chinese Singaporeans (esp. the young people). The increase of English/Singlish speaking Chinese families in Singapore was a result of misperceived social and cultural values that the preservation of mother tongues is "low-class" resulting in desperate attempts to replace mother tongues with the English language. As of 2010, it was estimated that 32.6% of Singapore Chinese speak English at home. But at work or in the city and business district, English is the official lingua franca, but ironically the Hokkien dialect remains extant amongst Singaporeans, not limiting to the Chinese, and operates as an unofficial common language. Mandarin

title: Mandarin Chinese

text: local population. In Mandarin-speaking areas such as Sichuan and Chongqing, the local dialect is the native tongue of most of the population. The era of mass education in Standard Chinese has not erased these regional differences, and people may be either diglossic or speak the standard language with a notable accent. From an official point of view, the PRC and ROC governments maintain their own forms of the standard under different names. Technically, both "Pǔtōnghuà" and "Guóyǔ" base their phonology on the Beijing accent, though "Pǔtōnghuà" also takes some elements from other sources. Comparison of dictionaries produced in the two

title: Rauma dialect

text: Rauma dialect Rauma language (""rauman giäl"") is a dialect of Finnish spoken in the town of Rauma, western Finland. The written form of the dialect was preserved by the writer and doctor Hj. Nortamo, and is currently practiced mainly as a hobby. Some of the most distinctive characteristics of the dialect (as written) are the use of letters 'g' and 'b', which are not common in Finnish language. Pronunciation of these letters is, however, closer to the more common 'k' and 'p' of mainstream Finnish. Rauma dialect is practically extinct from real-life use. Many people in Rauma do speak in

title: Dialect

text: Dialect The term dialect (from Latin , , from the Ancient Greek word , , "discourse", from , , "through" and , , "I speak") is used in two distinct ways to refer to two different types of linguistic phenomena: For example, most of the various regional Romance languages of Italy, often colloquially referred to as Italian "dialects", are, in fact, not "actually" derived from modern standard Italian, but rather evolved from Vulgar Latin separately and individually from one another and independently of standard Italian, long prior to the diffusion of a national standardized language throughout what is now Italy.

title: Suruí do Pará dialect

text: All vowels have nasalized forms, and Suruí has contrastive nasalisation. Suruí do Pará dialect The Suruí do Pará dialect of the Tupian Akwáwa language of Brazil is spoken in the Araguaia region in the state Pará and in the town of São João do Araguaia. It is written in the Latin script, but literacy in Suruí do Pará is extremely low. Suruí do Pará is regarded as a dialect of Akwáwa by linguists such as Aryon Dall'Igna Rodrigues. The other two dialects of Akwáwa are Parakanã and Asuriní of Tocantins. It is also known as Aikewara, Akewara, Akewere, and Suruí.

title: Suruí do Pará dialect

text: Suruí do Pará dialect The Suruí do Pará dialect of the Tupian Akwáwa language of Brazil is spoken in the Araguaia region in the state Pará and in the town of São João do Araguaia. It is written in the Latin script, but literacy in Suruí do Pará is extremely low. Suruí do Pará is regarded as a dialect of Akwáwa by linguists such as Aryon Dall'Igna Rodrigues. The other two dialects of Akwáwa are Parakanã and Asuriní of Tocantins. It is also known as Aikewara, Akewara, Akewere, and Suruí. Suruí has five vowels: /a, e, i ,ɨ , o/.

title: Niçard dialect

text: Niçard dialect Niçard (Classical orthography), Nissart/Niçart (Mistralian orthography, ), Niçois (French, ), or Nizzardo (Italian, ) is a subdialect of the Occitan language (Provençal dialect) spoken in the city of Nice (Niçard: "Niça/Nissa") and in the historical County of Nice (since 1860 the main part of the current French "département" of Alpes-Maritimes). In addition to Monégasque, Niçard is also spoken by some in Monaco. Most residents of Nice and its region no longer speak Niçard, and those who do are bilingual in French. Nonetheless, today there is a developing revival of the use of the language. Some local television news

title: Oslo dialect

text: speech. Perhaps the most known examples of Oslo dialect in Norwegian are the Olsenbanden movies, set in Norway from the 1950s to the 1970s. The main characters of Benny, Egon and Kjell speak a dialect close to the original Oslo dialect. In recent times, the dialect has been parodied many times, most notably by Harald Eia's character Oslolosen. Standard Eastern Norwegian dialect in brackets, along with English translation in "italics". Oslo dialect Oslo dialect (also called "Vikamål" and "Østkantmål", translated Vika dialect and East End dialect) is a Norwegian dialect and the traditional dialect of Oslo, Norway. It must not

title: Nobody Knows What You Do

text: for those who can't get enough of those heady days of the early- to mid-'70s when an artist could still go into the studio and make an album like this, Nobody Knows What You Do will speak to the inner hippie-hillbilly." All tracks composed by John Hartford; except where indicated Nobody Knows What You Do Nobody Knows What You Do is an album by John Hartford, released in 1976. After recording the minimalist "Mark Twang", Hartford returned to the studio with a band. The new material leaned more toward country-rock than bluegrass, which he would continue with 1977's Dillard Hartford

title: Do You Speak American?

text: States, the documentary was broadcast in several parts on PBS. The companion book () was co-authored by MacNeil and William Cran. Do You Speak American? Do You Speak American? is a documentary film and accompanying book about journalist Robert MacNeil's investigation into how different people throughout the United States of America speak. The book and documentary look at the evolution of America's way of speaking from the English language to various ways of speaking in regions throughout the country. Divisions of ethnicity, geography and social status and how they affect how Americans communicate are addressed. As part of the project,

title: Do You Speak American?

text: Do You Speak American? Do You Speak American? is a documentary film and accompanying book about journalist Robert MacNeil's investigation into how different people throughout the United States of America speak. The book and documentary look at the evolution of America's way of speaking from the English language to various ways of speaking in regions throughout the country. Divisions of ethnicity, geography and social status and how they affect how Americans communicate are addressed. As part of the project, MacNeil traveled across the country conducting interviews with ordinary people as well as experts such as William Labov. In the United

title: What Do I Have to Do

text: Amazon.co.uk, "Her most outrageous but greatest video moment is where she parodies certain movie stars in the chic video for "What Do I Have to Do?", and because of her heavy eye make-up almost earns herself the title drag-queen Kylie (watch out for sister Dannii who briefly stars in the video, wearing a blonde wig)." These are the formats and track listings of major single releases of "What Do I Have to Do". Minogue performed the song on the following concert tours: The song was also performed on: What Do I Have to Do "What Do I Have to Do"

title: Subbalkan dialect

text: Bessarabia establishing numerous colonies there. Nowadays, a large part of the Bessarabian Bulgarians speak this dialect. The most significant feature of the Subbalkan dialect, as in all Balkan dialects, is the pronunciation of Old Church Slavonic ѣ (yat) as or , depending on the character of the following syllable. As a result of its specific characteristics, the Subbalkan dialect is usually considered to be a transitional dialect between the Balkan dialects and the Rup dialects. Most other phonological and morphological characteristics of the Subbalkan dialect are the same as the general features typical for all Balkan dialects, cf. article. Стойков,

title: The Hague dialect

text: The Hague dialect The Hague dialect (Standard Dutch: "Haags", "het Haagse dialect"; The Hague dialect: "Haags", "et Haagse dialek") is a dialect of Dutch mostly spoken in The Hague. It differs from Standard Dutch almost exclusively in pronunciation. It has two subvarieties: Rijswijk and Voorburg are for the most part Haags-speaking. Scheveningen has its own dialect ("Schevenings"), which is different than the traditional The Hague dialect. However, some people also speak The Hague dialect there, or a mixture between the Scheveningen dialect and The Hague dialect ("Nieuw-Schevenings"). Loosduinen also has its own dialect ("Loosduins"), which is very similar to The

title: Rauma dialect

text: a way that carries a resemblance to this dialect - as an example, the tempo of speech is faster than average Finnish, with a lot of shortened words, but few can speak the actual Rauma dialect. There are several subcategories of Rauma dialect, which have subtle differences and have their roots in neighbouring communities. Rauma dialect Rauma language (""rauman giäl"") is a dialect of Finnish spoken in the town of Rauma, western Finland. The written form of the dialect was preserved by the writer and doctor Hj. Nortamo, and is currently practiced mainly as a hobby. Some of the most

title: Alsatian dialect

text: various factors determine when, where, and with whom one might converse in Alsatian. Some dialect speakers are unwilling to speak standard German, at times, to certain outsiders and prefer to use French. In contrast, many people living near the border with Basel, Switzerland, will speak their dialect with a Swiss person from that area, as they are mutually intelligible for the most part; similar habits may apply to conversations with people of the nearby German Markgräflerland. Some street names in Alsace may use Alsatian spellings (they were formerly displayed only in French but are now bilingual in some places, especially

title: Yerevan dialect

text: of Armenia, Nagorno-Karabakh Republic and Georgia's Samtskhe-Javakheti region are influenced by the Yerevan dialect through the educational system. Most of the recent Armenian immigrants, who have migrated to foreign countries since the late 1980s, speak the Yerevan dialect. The first known written work in the Yerevan dialect dates back to the 13th century by Vardan Bardzaberdtsi: "Ամենու սիրտն հետ քեզ լաւ են, եւ քեզ աղօթք են առնում." The 17th century Armenian merchant from Nakhichevan, Zak'aria Aguletsi (c. 1630-1691), who kept a diary, also wrote in Yerevan dialect, though with some influence of his local dialects. One of the first written

title: Lubanki dialect

text: Lubanki dialect Lubanki, also known as Labanki, is an extinct Indo-Aryan language formerly spoken by the Labana tribe Punjab. It was a dialect of Punjabi. It is considered as a dialect of Gojri. Lubanki has been spoken in Rajasthan and Gujarat areas and some areas of Pakistan. The Punjabi word "tanda" is allegedly of Lubanki origin and means a town. The dialect is almost extinct. With the loss of language prestige and status, most Labanas now speak other forms of Panjabi as their primary language. When Guru Tegh Bahadur was discovered by Baba Makhan Shah Labana, Makhan Shah climbed on

title: What Do I Have to Do

text: What Do I Have to Do "What Do I Have to Do" is a song performed by Australian singer and songwriter Kylie Minogue taken from her third studio album "Rhythm of Love" (1990). The song was written and produced by Stock, Aitken & Waterman. Originally, the song was planned to be released after the single "Better the Devil You Know", but instead "Step Back in Time" was released and this was released as the third single on 21 January 1991. The song received positive reviews from most music critics, who thought the song was an instant rave classic. The song

title: Do What You Wanna Do (album)

text: Radio" and "Because I Love You" (the band's most popular songs). The perennial "Because I Love You" also gained new prominence around that time via its use in a series of advertisements for a well-known brand of jeans; the revamped version of "Because I Love You" peaked at No. 30 on the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA) Singles Charts. Side B is live recordings taken from the 1988 reunion tour. All songs written by Doug Ford and Jim Keays, except where noted. Do What You Wanna Do (album) Do What You Wanna Do is the fifth studio album by the

title: Intemelio dialect

text: mountainous version of the "intemelio" that has some occitan influences. In Sanremo the local intemelio dialect is heavily influenced by the Genoese dialect. Intemelio is used by nearly 10,000 people in the area of Ventimiglia of the province of Imperia, but other 40,000 are able to understand it and speak a few sentences of this dialect in western Liguria. A few thousand speak fluently the local variants of Intemelio in France and Monaco: Monegasque, Mentonasc and Brigasc. The Ligurian area of Seborga speaks the "ventimigliese" dialect "Intemelio" and the so-called Principality of Seborga considered the possibility of using this dialect

title: Awaji dialect

text: levels do not vary much, respectful language is scarce, that people from Awaji are often be heard to speak unreservedly to each other in the interest of fostering frankness among intimates, and that the use of such language may come off as cold or distant. But the Awaji dialect certainly does not lack respectful forms intrinsically. Although the dialect has its own rich inventory of such expressions, due to the diffusion of respectful forms from Standard Japanese on the island, they are in the process of disappearing. In polite language, the forms "a-z=ze" ("exist.=") and "a-k=kana" ("exist.=") are preferred to

title: Suzhou dialect

text: of the city cannot speak the local dialect but can usually understand it after a few months or years in the area. A "ballad–narrative" (說唱詞話) known as "The story of Xue Rengui crossing the sea and Pacifying Liao" (薛仁貴跨海征遼故事), which is about the Tang dynasty hero Xue Rengui is believed to have been written in the Suzhou dialect. Second- and third-person pronouns are suffixed with for the plural. The first-person plural is a separate root, . Some non native speakers of Suzhou dialect speak Suzhou dialect in a "stylized variety" to tell tales. The Suzhou dialect has series of voiced,

title: Tweants dialect

text: and villages in Twente have their own local variety, which, although they are mutually intelligible and similar, makes it hard to be tagged as a single dialect. Due to this fragmentation, and the lack of a standard variety, many speakers of Tweants mostly do not refer to their language as "Tweants" or "Dutch Low Saxon". They rather call it by the locality their variety is from (e.g. a person from Almelo would say they speak "Almeloos" rather than "Tweants"). Another possibility would be that speakers combine these two possibilities: a speaker from Rijssen could say they speak "Riesns Tweants". There

title: Nemadi dialect

text: does not consist of vocables different from Hassaniyya, but of technical terms which need has forced them to create, which are forged from Arabic, Zenaga, and maybe Azer." Ech Chinguetti's "Kitab El Wasit" says that "The Nmadi speak the dialect common to all the Moors (i.e. Hassaniyya). However, they do not pronounce the final "m" of the affixed second person plural pronoun, so they say: "as-Salam alayku" ("peace be upon you") for "alaikum", and "kayfa haluku" ("how are you?") for "halukum"." Laforgue claims that they speak "Zenati", i.e. Berber, a claim seen by Hermans as "very improbable". According to Gerteiny

title: What would Jesus do?

text: is expressed in outward action, it is also the effect of grace. Indeed, Wesley could speak of sanctification by faith as an analogous doctrine to the more widely held belief in justification by faith. Because Christian perfection is also visible in outward good works and a rigorously moral lifestyle, adherents of the Holiness movement assumed that a perfectly moral lifestyle is a consequence (not the cause) of the state of grace and ultimate salvation. Charles Spurgeon, a well-known evangelical preacher in London, used the phrase "what would Jesus do" in quotation marks several times in a sermon he gave on

title: What I Do Best

text: of Gulong ng Palad which won most popular song from this album and awqarded by S Magazine as Song of the Year. Sabihin Mo Sa Akin was the theme song of Anne Curtis' Kampanerang Kuba, and finally, Dahil Nagmamahal became the theme song of ABS-CBN's show for Filipino workers abroad entitled Nagmamahal, Kapamilya hosted by Bernadette Sembrano.And. her carrier single, What I do Best won as Best Song Performed by a Female Artist given by iFM Pinoy Music Awards. What I Do Best What I Do Best is Sheryn Regis' second studio album under Star Records, released on July 2005

title: Bari dialect

text: d'è? (Grumese, Palese, Molfettese) Ce jèi? (Bitontino) Ce da? (Terlizzese) Ci jò? (Barlettano) Meanwhile, the conjugation of verbs sees changes such as: Essere ("to be" in standard Italian) Essere ("to be" in Barese) Fare ("to do/make" in standard Italian) Fare ("to do/make" in Barese) Bari dialect Bari dialect () is a dialect of Neapolitan spoken in the Apulia and Basilicata regions of Italy. Influences range from Old French to Norman, creating one of the most distinct Italian dialects both from phonetics and lexis point of view. Assigning local dialects to strict geographical areas is often problematic. Regardless, the Bari dialect

title: What Would Tyler Durden Do?

text: What Would Tyler Durden Do? What Would Tyler Durden Do? (WWTDD) is a gossip blog named for the "Fight Club" character Tyler Durden, and playing on the Christian inspirational phrase 'What would Jesus do?' The blog, which is occasionally not safe for work, is notable for publishing rumours, criticism and revealing photographs of celebrities. The posts to the blog typically consist of a report followed by commentary from the author. Its readership is primarily from the United States. In a 2006 Youth Trends survey, What Would Tyler Durden Do? was one of two blogs of the top 10 most popular