query: who was elected president of the philippines?

title: President of the Philippines

text: reelection and a person who has succeeded as President and has served as such for more than four years will be ineligible to be elected for a second term. However, with the case of Joseph Estrada who was elected president in 1998, deposed in 2001, and again ran for the presidency in 2010, the Constitution's wording where "[the] President shall not be eligible for any re-election" remains unclear as his case was never brought to the Supreme Court. It remains unclear whether the term limit of no re-election applies only to the incumbent President or for any person who has

title: Vice President of the Philippines

text: to the position of Vice President under the constitution was Sergio Osmeña. Elected together with Manuel L. Quezon in the first Philippine national elections, Osmena was given the highest-ranking cabinet portfolio with inauguration of the Commonwealth of the Philippines in November 1935. Prior to independence in 1946, that cabinet portfolio was Secretary of Public Instruction, which had once been reserved only for the Vice Governor-General (an American). Vice President Osmena held that position from 1935–1939, and a similar portfolio in the War Cabinet during World War II. After independence, the highest-ranking cabinet position became that of Secretary of Foreign Affairs

title: Seal of the Vice President of the Philippines

text: the text. To create a distinction between the Presidential and Vice Presidential coat-of-arms and seal, President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo in 2004 signed Executive Order № 310, defining the design of both positions' coats-of-arms, seals and flags. The first Vice President to use this version of the seal was Noli De Castro. Seal of the Vice President of the Philippines The Seal of the Vice President of the Philippines () is a symbol used to represent the history and dignity of the vice president of the Philippines. Its design was prescribed by , and is similar in design to the Seal of

title: Seal of the President of the Philippines

text: islands were an overseas ("ultramar") possession, the lion became a sea lion. The seal was first used by President Manuel Roxas in 1947. It was designed by Captain Galo B. Ocampo of the Philippine Heraldry Committee, who also designed the Coat of arms of the Philippines. The Seal was officially prescribed on January 7, 1947, when Executive Order № 38 of 1947 was signed into law. It prescribed the coat of arms and seal of the President as: On July 4, 1951, President Elpidio Quirino, signed Executive Order № 457 into law prescribing that: At the time of signing, the

title: President of the Philippines

text: Quezon (1941) and Ferdinand E. Marcos (1969) were re-elected. Presidents Sergio Osmeña (1946), Elpidio Quirino (1953), Carlos P. Garcia (1961) and Diosdado Macapagal (1965) all failed in seeking a new term. However, in 1973, a new Constitution was promulgated and allowed then-incumbent President Marcos to seek a new term. In 1981, Marcos was again elected as President against Alejo Santos – making him the only President to be elected to a third term. The 1987 Constitution restored the 1935 Constitution's original ban on presidential reelection. Under Article 7, Section 4 of the current constitution, the term of the President shall

title: Flag of the President of the Philippines

text: President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo: The Flag and Seal designs are similar to that of the Flag of the President of the United States. Flag of the President of the Philippines The Flag of the President of the Philippines (Filipino: "Watawat ng Pangulo ng Pilipinas") consists of the Presidential Coat-of-Arms on a blue background. While having the same design as the Presidential Seal since 1947, the Flag has a separate history, and the designs on the Flag and Seal have at different times influenced each other. The Flag is often displayed beside the President in official portraits, flown next to the coffin

title: Flag of the Vice President of the Philippines

text: Flag of the Vice President of the Philippines The Flag of the Vice President of the Philippines consists of the vice presidential coat of arms on a white background. The current flag is defined in signed by former president Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo: The flag was first defined in 1947 by Executive Order № 38 (s. 1947) signed by President Manuel Roxas, in which the Presidential Flag and Seal were created. It indicated that the Vice Presidential flag will follow the pattern of the President's, except that the sun and the corner stars were to be blue to create a distinction. After

text: a blue background, they have adopted a flag in white background. To clarify the subsequent executive orders regarding the Vice Presidential coat-of-arms, seal and flag, President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo in 2004 signed Executive Order № 310, defining the design of both positions' coats-of-arms, seals and flags. Flag of the Vice President of the Philippines The Flag of the Vice President of the Philippines consists of the vice presidential coat of arms on a white background. The current flag is defined in signed by former president Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo: The flag was first defined in 1947 by Executive Order № 38 (s. 1947)

title: President of the Philippines

text: himself instructed to remain in Manila by President Quezon. Laurel was not formally recognized as a President until the rule of Diosdado Macapagal. His inclusion in the official list coincided with the transfer of the official date of Independence Day from July 4 (the anniversary of the Philippines' independence from the United States) to June 12 (the anniversary of the 1898 Declaration of Independence). The inclusion of Laurel thus causes some problems in determining the order of presidents. It is inaccurate to call Laurel the successor of Osmeña or vice versa, since Laurel's Second Republic was formally repudiated after World

title: President of the Philippines

text: which must be taken before they enter into office: The Filipino text of the oath used for the inaugurations of Fidel V. Ramos, Joseph Ejercito Estrada, and Benigno S. Aquino III reads: Impeachment in the Philippines follows procedures similar to the United States. The House of Representatives, one of the houses of the bicameral Congress, has the exclusive power to initiate all cases of impeachment against the President, Vice President, members of the Supreme Court, members of the Constitutional Commissions and the Ombudsman. When a third of its membership has endorsed the impeachment articles, it is then transmitted to the

title: President of the Philippines

text: to celebrate her inauguration in each of the three main island groups of the Philippines: Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao. Her first inauguration also broke precedent as she was sworn in at the EDSA Shrine on January 20, 2001, during the EDSA Revolution of 2001 that removed Joseph Estrada from office. In the past, elections were held in November and the President's inauguration was held on December 30 (Rizal Day). This ensured that when the inauguration was usually held at Quirino Grandstand, the new President could see the Rizal Monument on the anniversary of his death. Ferdinand Marcos transferred the dates

title: Senate of the Philippines

text: the Philippine Assembly, as the lower chamber. The Governor-General continued to be the head of the executive branch of the Insular Government. Senators then were elected via senatorial districts via plurality-at-large voting; each district grouped several provinces and each elected two senators except for "non-Christian" provinces where the Governor-General of the Philippines appointed the senators for the district. Future president Manuel L. Quezon, who was then Philippine Resident Commissioner, encouraged future president Sergio Osmeña, then Speaker of the House, to run for the leadership of the Senate, but Osmeña preferred to continue leading the lower house. Quezon then ran for

text: Philippines had 52 provinces. On August 27, 1998, President Joseph Estrada signed Executive Order № 19, amending Executive Order № 38 of 1947 (as amended) in view of the fact that 1951, the number of provinces has increased to 78 and that there is a need to synchronize the number of stars to match the number of provinces at a given time. After Estrada's Executive Order came into law, Roxas's Executive Order read: On April 20, 2004, President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo signed Executive Order № 310, which standardized the Seal and its derivative material. The Seal as it appears on

title: Vice President of the Philippines

text: Presidential Anti-Crime Commission and Noli de Castro as Chairman of the Housing and Urban Development Coordinating Council. Among the Vice Presidents of the Third Republic, Diosdado Macapagal alone was not given any cabinet position, since he was the first elected Vice-President that did not originate from the same party as the incumbent. Arturo Tolentino was officially proclaimed Vice President-elect by the Regular Batasang Pambansa in 1986. He took his oath as Vice President on February 16, 1986 before Chief Justice Ramon Aquino but because of popular belief that the elections had been rigged, he never actually served out his term

title: History of the Philippines (1946–65)

text: 1945, the legislators elected in 1941 chose Manuel Roxas as Senate President. In the Philippine national elections of 1946, Roxas ran for president as the nominee of the liberal wing of the Nacionalista Party. He had the staunch support of General MacArthur. His opponent was Sergio Osmeña, who refused to campaign, saying that the Filipino people knew his reputation. In the April 23, 1946 election, Roxas won 54 percent of the vote, and the Liberal Party won a majority in the legislature. When the Philippines gained independence from the United States on July 4, 1946, Roxas became the first president

title: Congress of the Philippines

text: granted independence on July 4, 1946. Upon the inauguration of the Republic of the Philippines on July 4, 1946, Republic Act No. 6 was enacted providing that on the date of the proclamation of the Republic of the Philippines, the existing Congress would be known as the First Congress of the Republic. Successive Congresses were elected until President Ferdinand Marcos declared martial law on September 23, 1972. Marcos then ruled by decree. As early as 1970, Marcos had convened a constitutional convention to revise the 1935 constitution; in 1973, the Constitution was approved. It abolished the bicameral Congress and created

title: Congress of the Philippines

text: a unicameral National Assembly, which would ultimately be known as the Batasang Pambansa in a semi-presidential system of government. The batasan elected a prime minister. The Batasang Pambansa first convened in 1978. Marcos was overthrown after the 1986 People Power Revolution; President Corazon Aquino then ruled by decree. Later that year she appointed a constitutional commission that drafted a new constitution. The Constitution was approved in a plebiscite the next year; it restored the presidential system of government together with a bicameral Congress of the Philippines. It first convened in 1987. The powers of the Congress of the Philippines may

title: President of the Philippines

text: President of the Philippines The President of the Philippines (, informally referred to as "Presidente ng Pilipinas;" or in ) is the head of state and head of government of the Philippines. The President leads the executive branch of the Philippine government and is the commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces of the Philippines. The President is directly elected by the people, and is one of only two nationally elected executive officials, the other being the Vice President of the Philippines. However, four vice presidents have assumed the presidency without having been elected to the office, by virtue of a president's

title: President of the Philippines

text: Among other honors, former Presidents and their immediate families are entitled to three soldiers as security detail. , there are four living former Presidents: President of the Philippines The President of the Philippines (, informally referred to as "Presidente ng Pilipinas;" or in ) is the head of state and head of government of the Philippines. The President leads the executive branch of the Philippine government and is the commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces of the Philippines. The President is directly elected by the people, and is one of only two nationally elected executive officials, the other being the Vice

title: President of the Senate of the Philippines

text: upper house with the Philippine Assembly as the lower house. The Senate and the House of Representatives comprised the Philippine Legislature (PL). Representation was by senatorial district; Manuel L. Quezon was elected senator from the now-defunct 5th Legislative District. All Senators from 1941 onwards were elected at-large, with the whole Philippines as one constituency. Currently there are six living former Senate Presidents: "Legend:" Boldface is still incumbent senator. President of the Senate of the Philippines The President of the Senate of the Philippines (), or more popularly known as the Senate President, is the presiding officer and the highest-ranking official

text: President of the Senate of the Philippines The President of the Senate of the Philippines (), or more popularly known as the Senate President, is the presiding officer and the highest-ranking official of the Senate of the Philippines, and third highest and most powerful official in the Government of the Philippines. He/she is elected by the entire body to be their leader. The Senate President is second in line in succession for the presidency, behind the Vice President of the Philippines and in front of the Speaker of the House of Representatives of the Philippines. The current Senate President of

text: the 17th Congress of the Philippines is Tito Sotto, who was elected on May 21, 2018. The Senate President is elected by the majority of the members of the Senate from among themselves; Since there are 24 Senators, 13 votes are needed to win the Senate Presidency, including any vacant seats or senators not attending the session. Although Senate presidents are elected at the start of each Congress, there had been numerous instances of Senate coups in which a sitting Senate President is unseated in the middle of session. Term-sharing agreements among senators who are both eyeing the position of

title: President of the Philippines

text: until the President or the Vice President shall have been elected and qualified, and be subject to the same restrictions of powers and disqualifications as the Acting President. The line of presidential succession as specified by Article VII, Section 8 of the Constitution of the Philippines are the Vice President, Senate President and the Speaker of the House of Representatives. The current Presidential line of succession is: Notes: Before the Malacañang Palace was designated as the official residence of the President, various establishments served as residence of the chief executive. The Spanish Governor-General, the highest-ranking official in the Philippines during

title: President of the Philippines

text: The Presidential Security Group, which is composed mostly of members from the Armed Forces of the Philippines and the Philippine National Police, is directly under the Office of the President. Article 7, Section 2 of the Constitution reads: "No person may be elected President unless he is a natural-born citizen of the Philippines, a registered voter, able to read and write, at least forty years of age on the day of the election, and a resident of the Philippines for at least ten years immediately preceding such election." The Constitution also provides term limits where the President is ineligible for

title: President of the Philippines

text: presidents", and along with Bonifacio, are not recognized as Presidents by the government. Between 1901 and 1935, executive power in the Philippines was exercised by a succession of four American military Governors-General and eleven civil Governors-General. In October 1935, Manuel L. Quezon was elected the first President of the Commonwealth of the Philippines, which had been established, still under United States sovereignty, under a constitution ratified on 14 May of that year. During its first five years, the President could serve for an unrenewable six-year term. It was later amended in 1940 to limit a President to serving no more

title: President of the Philippines

text: are authentic and were done in the manner provided by law. The person with the highest number of votes is declared the winner, but in case two or more have the highest number of votes, the President is elected by a majority of all members of both Houses, voting separately on each. The President of the Philippines usually takes the Oath of Office at noon of June 30 following the Presidential election Traditionally, the Vice President takes the Oath first, a little before noon. This is for two reasons: first, according to protocol, no one follows the President (who is

title: President of the Philippines

text: not formally abolished until 1899. Aguinaldo was again elected President at Biak-na-Bato in November, leading the Republic of Biak-na-Bato. Aguinaldo therefore signed the Pact of Biak-na-Bato and went into exile in Hong Kong at the end of 1897. In April 1898, the Spanish–American War broke out, and the Asiatic Squadron of the United States Navy sailed for the Philippines. At the Battle of Manila Bay on May 1, 1898 the American Navy decisively defeated the Spanish Navy effectively ending Spanish rule in the Philippines. Aquinaldo subsequently returned to the Philippines aboard a U.S. Navy vessel and renewed the revolution. He

title: President of the Philippines

text: Although the word "Tagalog" refers to the Tagalog people, a specific ethno-linguistic group, Bonifacio used it to denote all non-Spanish peoples of the Philippines in place of "Filipinos", which had colonial origins. Bonifacio's revolutionary government never controlled much territory for any significant period. Some historians contend that including Bonifacio as a past president would imply that Macario Sacay and Miguel Malvar should also be included. In March 1897, during the Philippine Revolution against Spain Emilio Aguinaldo was elected president of the revolutionary government at the Tejeros Convention. The new government was meant to replace the "Katipunan", though the latter was

title: President of the Philippines

text: L. Quezon. The restoration of the Commonwealth in 1945 and the subsequent independence of the Philippines restored the title of "President of the Philippines" enacted in the 1935 constitution. The 1973 constitution, though generally referring to the president as "President of the Philippines" did, in Article XVII, Section 12, once use the term, "President of the Republic." In the text of Proclamation No. 1081 that announced martial law in September 1972, President Ferdinand E. Marcos consistently referred to himself as "President of the Philippines." The State of the Nation Address (abbreviated SONA) is an annual event in the Philippines, in

title: Vice President of the Philippines

text: later, with no such position existing during the country's declaration of independence in 1898, which had a dictatorial government. Officially, the country's first actual republic was founded in 1899, and it too had no vice president. Trias instead served in the cabinets of Apolinario Mabini and Pedro Paterno, as finance minister and war minister, respectively. Trias is not considered a Philippine Vice President as the Supreme Council did not proclaim any sovereign state. The 1935 Constitution of the Philippines established the position of Vice President, and may be appointed by the President to a cabinet position. The first person elected

title: President of the Philippines

text: Macapagal-Arroyo but none reached the required endorsement of a third of the House of Representatives. The official title of the Philippine head of state and government is "President of the Philippines." The title in Filipino is "Pangulo" (cognate of Malay "penghulu" "leader", "chieftain"). The honorific for the President is "Your Excellency" or "His/Her Excellency", adopted from the title of the Governor-General of the Philippines during Spanish and American occupation. The term "President of the Republic of the Philippines" used under Japanese occupation of the Philippines distinguished the government of then-President José P. Laurel from the Commonwealth government-in-exile under President Manuel

text: Seal of the President of the Philippines The Seal of the President of the Philippines () is a symbol used to represent the history and dignity of the President of the Philippines. Its original form was designed by Captain Galo B. Ocampo, Secretary of the Philippine Heraldry Committee, and patterned after the Seal of the President of the United States. It was first used by President Manuel Roxas in 1947. The seal is composed of the coat of arms of the president, which, according to consists of: The Seal of the President of the Philippines shall consist of the Coat-Of-Arms

title: President of the Philippines

text: formed a dictatorial government on May 24, 1898 and issued the Philippine Declaration of Independence on June 12, 1898. On June 23, 1898, Aguinaldo transformed his dictatorial government into a revolutionary government. On January 23, 1899, he was then elected President of the First Philippine Republic, a government constituted by the Malolos Congress under the Malolos Constitution. Consequently, this government is also called the Malolos Republic. The First Philippine Republic was short-lived and never internationally recognized. The Philippines was transferred from Spanish to American control by the Treaty of Paris of 1898, signed in December of that year. The Philippine–American

title: Vice President of the Philippines

text: City. The Vice President of the Philippines generally rides in a Mercedes Benz W140 S-Class, backed up by personnel from the Presidential Security Group. Vice President of the Philippines The Vice President of the Philippines (, informally referred to as "Bise Presidente ng Pilipinas") or in () is the second-highest executive official of the government of the Philippines, after the President. The Vice President currently holds office at the Quezon City Reception House in Quezon City. Previously, the Vice President of the Philippines held office at the Coconut Palace (located in the Cultural Center of the Philippines Complex), the Philippine

title: President of the Philippines

text: Any PAL aircraft with the flight number PR/PAL 001 and callsign PHILIPPINE 001 is a special plane operated by Philippine Airlines to transport the President of the Philippines. The President sometimes charter private jets for domestic trips within the Philippines due to some airports in the Philippines having small runways. A Presidential Helicopter Bell 412 crashed on April 7, 2009, in the mountainous Ifugao Province north of Manila. On board were eight people, including two Cabinet undersecretaries and several servicemen. The flight was "en route" to Ifugao from Baguio City as an advance party of President Macapagal-Arroyo, when the control

title: Office of the President of the Philippines

text: deliberations and consultations in four meeting held at the Malacañang Palace from May 5 to June 25, 1997. The order established the office retroactively to the date of the date of the Tejeros Convention. The convention was held on March 22, 1897, which saw the election of Emilio Aguinaldo as President of the Revolutionary Government of the Philippines. The OP was abolished after the capture of Aguinaldo in 1901 by the Americans and was reinstated after the proclamation of the Philippine Commonwealth in 1935. Then-newly elected President Rodrigo Duterte reorganized the OP on June 30, 2016 when he issued his

title: Vice President of the Philippines

text: Vice President of the Philippines The Vice President of the Philippines (, informally referred to as "Bise Presidente ng Pilipinas") or in () is the second-highest executive official of the government of the Philippines, after the President. The Vice President currently holds office at the Quezon City Reception House in Quezon City. Previously, the Vice President of the Philippines held office at the Coconut Palace (located in the Cultural Center of the Philippines Complex), the Philippine National Bank Financial Center, and the Philippine International Convention Center (also located in the CCP Complex), all in Pasay, Metro Manila. Bearing similarities with

text: government documents and property has since been redesigned to conform with the Executive Order. Seal of the President of the Philippines The Seal of the President of the Philippines () is a symbol used to represent the history and dignity of the President of the Philippines. Its original form was designed by Captain Galo B. Ocampo, Secretary of the Philippine Heraldry Committee, and patterned after the Seal of the President of the United States. It was first used by President Manuel Roxas in 1947. The seal is composed of the coat of arms of the president, which, according to consists

title: President of the Philippines

text: than two four-year terms. When President Quezon exiled himself to the United States after the Philippines fell to the Empire of Japan in World War II, he appointed Chief Justice José Abad Santos as Acting President and as Acting Commander-in Chief of the Armed Forces. Abad Santos was subsequently executed by the Imperial Japanese Army on May 2, 1942. On October 14, 1943, José P. Laurel became President under a constitution imposed by the Japanese occupation. Laurel, an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines, had been instructed to remain in the City of Manila by President Quezon,

title: President of the Philippines

text: begin at noon on the thirtieth day of June next following the day of the election and shall end at noon of the same date, six years thereafter. The incumbent President is not eligible for re-election, even if non-consecutive. Moreover, no president who serves more than four years of a presidential term is allowed to run or serve again. Under Article 7, Section 7 of the Constitution of the Philippines, In case the president-elect fails to qualify, the Vice President-elect shall act as President until the President-elect shall have qualified. If at the beginning of the term of the President,

text: Seal of the Vice President of the Philippines The Seal of the Vice President of the Philippines () is a symbol used to represent the history and dignity of the vice president of the Philippines. Its design was prescribed by , and is similar in design to the Seal of the President of the Philippines. The seal is composed of the coat-of-arms of the Vice President, which, according to consists of: The coat-of-arms is then surrounded by a blue circle. The upper arc of the white circle contains the words ("Seal of the Vice President of the Philippines") in white

title: President of the Philippines

text: intra-term death or resignation. Filipinos refer to their President as "Pangulo" or "Presidente". The President serves a single, fixed, six-year term without possibility of re-election. On June 30, 2016, Rodrigo Duterte was sworn in as the 16th and current president. In Filipino, one of the two official languages of the Philippines, the President is referred to as "Pangulo". In the other major languages of the Philippines such as the Visayan languages, "Presidente" is more common when Filipinos are not actually code-switching with the English word. Depending on the definition chosen for these terms, a number of persons could alternatively be

title: President of the Philippines

text: War II, its actions not considered legal or binding. Quezon, Osmeña, and Roxas were seen as being in a contiguous line according to the 1935 Constitution, while Laurel was the only president of the Second Republic, which had a separate charter. Thus, Laurel had neither predecessor nor successor, while Osmeña succeeded Quezon after the latter's death, and was in turn succeeded by Roxas as President of the Third Republic. The President of the Philippines, being the chief executive, serves as both the head of state and head of government of the Philippines. The constitution vests the executive power with the

text: Office of the President of the Philippines The Office of the President (OP) is an administrative, advisory, consultative government agency which aids the President of the Philippines in performing their duty as head of state and chief of the executive branch of government. The office is housed within the Malacañang Palace complex. The Office of the President (OP) was created through Administrative Order No. 322, s. 1997. The order was issued following the submission of position papers by the officials of the Department of History of the University of the Philippines, and the Board of National Historical Institute which conducted

title: Vice President of the Philippines

text: same qualifications as the President which means he must be: The Vice President is elected in the same manner as, but separately from, the President. Both the President and the Vice President are elected by direct plurality vote where the candidate who garners the highest number of votes, whether a majority or not, wins the election. While candidates usually run in tandem for the offices of President and Vice President, under their own political parties, it is possible and not unusual for candidates from different parties to be elected as President and Vice President. The Vice President is barred from

title: President of the Catholic Bishops' Conference of the Philippines

text: is the CBCP President since December 1, 2017. The following is a list of people who held the post. Source for Presidents; 1945–2014: CBCP President of the Catholic Bishops' Conference of the Philippines The President of the Catholic Bishops' Conference of the Philippines (Filipino: "Pangulo ng Kapulungan ng mga Katolikong Obispo sa Pilipinas") is the executive head of the Catholic Bishops' Conference of the Philippines. Like all CBCP officials, the length of the term of the CBCP is two years and can run for a maximum of two terms. By tradition, the CBCP usually elects the Vice President as the

title: President of the Philippines

text: tower at the now-defunct Loakan Airport lost communication with the craft several minutes after takeoff. The Arroyo administration planned to buy another aircraft worth of about 1.2 billion pesos before her term ended in June 2010, but cancelled the purchase due to other issues. BRP Ang Pangulo (BRP stands for "Barkó ng Repúblika ng Pilipinas", "Ship of the Republic of the Philippines"; ""Ang Pangulo"" is Filipino for "The President") was commissioned by the Philippine Navy on March 7, 1959. It was built in and by Japan during the administration of President García as part of Japanese reparations to the Philippines

text: on said executive powers of the President, the OP proper would perform the following core functions: Office of the President of the Philippines The Office of the President (OP) is an administrative, advisory, consultative government agency which aids the President of the Philippines in performing their duty as head of state and chief of the executive branch of government. The office is housed within the Malacañang Palace complex. The Office of the President (OP) was created through Administrative Order No. 322, s. 1997. The order was issued following the submission of position papers by the officials of the Department of

title: President of the Philippines

text: been an inaugural president of an insurgent government. Quezon was the inaugural president of a predecessor state to the current one, while Aquino, "mère", was the inaugural president of the currently-constituted government. The government considers Aguinaldo to have been the first President of the Philippines, followed by Quezon and his successors. Despite the differences in constitutions and government, the line of presidents is considered to be continuous. For instance, the current president, Rodrigo R. Duterte, is considered to be the 16th president. While the government may consider Aguinaldo as the first president, the First Republic fell under the United States'

title: President of the Philippines

text: disability, removal from office, or resignation of the President, the Vice President will become the President to serve the unexpired term. In case of death, permanent disability, removal from office, or resignation of both the President and Vice President; the President of the Senate or, in case of his inability, the Speaker of the House of Representatives, shall then act as President until the President or Vice President shall have been elected and qualified. The Congress shall, by law, provide who shall serve as President in case of death, permanent disability, or resignation of the Acting President. He shall serve

title: President of the Philippines

text: which the President of the Philippines reports on the status of the nation, normally to the resumption of a joint session of the Congress (the House of Representatives and the Senate). This is a duty of the President as stated in Article VII, Section 23 of the 1987 Constitution: The 1935 Constitution originally set the president's term at six years, without re-election. In 1940, however, the 1935 Constitution was amended and the term of the President (and Vice President) was shortened to four years, with a two-term limit. Under the provisions of the amended 1935 document, only Presidents Manuel L.

title: President of the Philippines

text: the President-elect shall have died or shall have become permanently disabled, the Vice President-elect shall become President. Where no President and Vice President shall have been chosen or shall have qualified, or where both shall have died or become permanently disabled, the President of the Senate or, in case of his inability, the Speaker of the House of Representatives, shall act as President until a President or a Vice President shall have been chosen and qualified. Article 7, Sections 8 and 11 of the Constitution of the Philippines provide rules of succession to the presidency. In case of death, permanent

title: Vice President of the Philippines

text: position was reinstated, Vice President Salvador H. Laurel held office at the former Legislative Building on Padre Burgos Avenue, Manila, until the building became the National Museum of Fine Arts of the National Museum of the Philippines. The Vice President's office was transferred to the Philippine International Convention Center, and again to the PNB Financial Center, both in Pasay, Metro Manila in 2005. In 2011, the Coconut Palace also in Pasay was designated as the principal workplace of the Vice President of the Philippines. Beginning June 30, 2016, the office was transferred to the Quezon City Reception House in Quezon

title: Senate of the Philippines

text: are the Senate President, Senate President "pro tempore", Majority Floor Leader, Minority Floor Leader and the Senate Secretary and the Senate Sergeant at Arms who shall be elected by the Senators from among the employees and staff of the Senate. Meanwhile, the Senate President, Senate President pro-tempore, the Majority Floor Leader and the Minority Floor Leader shall be elected by the Senators from among themselves. Article VI, Section 2 of the 1987 Philippine Constitution provides that the Senate shall be composed of 24 senators who shall be elected at-large by the qualified voters of the Philippines, as may be provided

text: Flag of the President of the Philippines The Flag of the President of the Philippines (Filipino: "Watawat ng Pangulo ng Pilipinas") consists of the Presidential Coat-of-Arms on a blue background. While having the same design as the Presidential Seal since 1947, the Flag has a separate history, and the designs on the Flag and Seal have at different times influenced each other. The Flag is often displayed beside the President in official portraits, flown next to the coffin of a deceased President in state funerals, and flown on the President's motorcade. The current Flag is defined in signed by former

title: President of the Philippines

text: considered the inaugural holder of the office. Andrés Bonifacio could be considered the first President of a united Philippines since he was the third Supreme President (Spanish: "Presidente Supremo"; Filipino: "Kataas-taasang Pangulo") of the "Katipunan", a secret revolutionary society. Its Supreme Council, led by the Supreme President, coordinated provincial and district councils. When the "Katipunan" started an open revolt against the Spanish colonial government in August 1896, Bonifacio transformed the society into a revolutionary government with him as its head. While the term "Katipunan" remained, Bonifacio's government was also known as the Tagalog Republic (Spanish: "República Tagala"; Filipino: "Republikang Tagalog").

title: President of the Philippines

text: the Spanish Era, resided in the Palacio del Gobernador inside the walled city of Intramuros. However, after an earthquake in 1863, the Palacio del Gobernador was destroyed, and the residence and office of the Governor-General transferred to Malacañang Palace. During the Philippine Revolution, President Aguinaldo resided in his own home in Kawit, Cavite. After his defeat in the Philippine–American War, Aguinaldo transferred the Capital of the Philippines to different areas while he struggled in the pursuit of American Forces. When the Americans occupied the Philippines, they also used the Palace as an official residence. During the Japanese Occupation of the

title: President of the Philippines

text: sovereignty of the Republic of the Philippines as a separate self-governing nation on July 4, 1946. A new Constitution ratified on January 17, 1973 under the rule of Ferdinand E. Marcos introduced a parliamentary-style government. Marcos instituted himself as Prime Minister while serving as President in 1978. He later appointed César Virata as Prime Minister in 1981. This Constitution was in effect until the People Power Revolution of 1986 toppled Marcos's 21-year authoritarian regime and replaced him with Corazon C. Aquino. Ruling by decree during the early part of her tenure and as a president installed by revolutionary means, President

title: Ordinance Power of the President of the Philippines

text: to bring to the attention of all or some of the departments, agencies, bureaus or offices of the Government, for information or compliance."" General or special orders ( "Panlahatan o tanging atas"), according to "Book III, Title I, Chapter II, Section 7" of Administrative Code of 1987, refer to the ""Acts and commands of the President in his capacity as Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the Philippines."" Ordinance Power of the President of the Philippines The Ordinance Power is the rulemaking authority of the President of the Philippines defined in "Book III, Title I, Chapter II" of Administrative Code

title: President of the Philippines

text: been elected as President. The President is elected by direct vote every six years, usually on the second Monday of May. The returns of every election for President and Vice President, duly certified by the board of canvassers of each province or city, shall be transmitted to Congress, directed to the President of the Senate. Upon receipt of the certificates of canvass, the President of the Senate shall open all the certificates in the presence of a joint public session of Congress not later than 30 days after election day. Congress then canvasses the votes upon determining that the polls

title: President of the Philippines

text: convoy; the number depends on the destination. The presidential cars are designated and registered a plate number of 1 or the word PANGULO (President). The limousine bears the Flag of the Philippines and, occasionally, the Presidential Standard. For regional trips, the President boards a Toyota Coaster or Mitsubishi Fuso Rosa or other vehicles owned by government-owned and controlled corporations or government agencies. In this case, the PSG escorts the President using local police cars with an ambulance at the tail of the convoy. Former President Benigno Aquino III, preferred to use his personal vehicle, a Toyota Land Cruiser 200 or

text: President of the Catholic Bishops' Conference of the Philippines The President of the Catholic Bishops' Conference of the Philippines (Filipino: "Pangulo ng Kapulungan ng mga Katolikong Obispo sa Pilipinas") is the executive head of the Catholic Bishops' Conference of the Philippines. Like all CBCP officials, the length of the term of the CBCP is two years and can run for a maximum of two terms. By tradition, the CBCP usually elects the Vice President as the next president. The President along with the CBCP Permanent Council comes of with a collective decision for the CBCP. Romulo Valles, Archbishop of Davao

title: President of the Philippines

text: War broke out between the United States and Aguinaldo's government. His government effectively ceased to exist on April 1, 1901, after he pledged allegiance to the United States following his capture by U.S. forces in March. The current government of the Republic of the Philippines, considers Emilio Aguinaldo to be the first President of the Philippines. Miguel Malvar continued Aguinaldo's leadership of the Philippine Republic after the latter's capture until his own capture in 1902, while Macario Sakay founded a Tagalog Republic in 1902 as a continuing state of Bonifacio's Katipunan. They are both considered by some scholars as "unofficial

title: President of the Philippines

text: for World War II. It is primarily used in entertaining guests of the incumbent President. The President of the Philippines uses two black and heavily armored Mercedes-Benz W221 S600 Guard, whereas one is a decoy vehicle. In convoys, the President is escorted by the Presidential Security Group using primarily Nissan Patrol SUVs with the combination of the following vehicles: Audi A6, BMW 7 Series, Chevrolet Suburban, Hyundai Equus, Hyundai Starex, Toyota Camry, Toyota Fortuner, Toyota Land Cruiser, Philippine National Police 400cc motorcycles, Philippine National Police Toyota Altis (Police car variant), other government-owned vehicles, and ambulances at the tail of the

title: President of the Philippines

text: over local government units. The President also serves as the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the Philippines. This includes the power to suspend the writ of habeas corpus and to declare Martial law. With the consent of the Commission on Appointments, the president also appoints the heads of the executive departments, board of members and its leaders from any national government-related institutions, ambassadors, other public ministers and consuls, high-ranking officers of the armed forces, and other officials. The members of the Supreme Court and lower courts are also appointed by the president, but only from the list of nominees

text: of the President of the Philippines, and a white circle around the Coat-of-Arms enclosed by two (2) golden-yellow marginal rings. The white circle shall contain the words ("Seal of the President of the Philippines") in black letters on the upper arc, the lower arc divided by three (3) five-pointed golden-yellow stars. Some of the symbols in the arms are derived from the National Flag, and retain their meaning. The eight-rayed sun represent the eight provinces placed under martial law in 1896 at the onset of the Philippine Revolution. On the sun there is an equilateral triangle (colored red as opposed

text: Ordinance Power of the President of the Philippines The Ordinance Power is the rulemaking authority of the President of the Philippines defined in "Book III, Title I, Chapter II" of Administrative Code of 1987. Executive orders ( "Kautusang tagapagpaganap"), according to "Book III, Title I, Chapter II, Section 2" of Administrative Code of 1987, refer to the ""Acts of the President providing for rules of a general or permanent character in implementation or execution of constitutional or statutory powers."" "Executive Order No. 292", which instituted the Administrative Code of 1987, is an example of an executive order. Administrative orders (

title: President of the Philippines

text: Palace serves as the official residence of the President of the Philippines, a privilege entitled to him/her under Article VII, Section 6 of the Constitution. The Palace is located along the north bank of the Pasig River, along J.P. Laurel Street in the district of San Miguel, Manila. Malacañang Palace is depicted on the reverse side of the 20-peso bill in the Pilipino, Ang Bagong Lipunan, New Design, and the present New Generation series. The actual residence of incumbent President Rodrigo Duterte is "Bahay Pangarap" (English: House of Dreams), a smaller structure located across the Pasig River from Malacañang Palace

title: President of the Philippines

text: Senate of the Philippines which tries and decide, as impeachment tribunal, the impeachment case. A main difference from US proceedings however is that only a third of House members are required to approve the motion to impeach the President (as opposed to the majority required in the United States). In the Senate, selected members of the House of Representatives act as the prosecutors and the Senators act as judges with the Senate President and Chief Justice of the Supreme Court jointly presiding over the proceedings. Like the United States, to convict the official in question requires that a minimum of

title: President of the Philippines

text: has the mandate of providing safe and efficient air transport for the President of the Philippines and the First Family. On occasion, the wing has also been tasked to provide transportation for other members of government, visiting heads of state, and other state guests. The fleet includes: 1 Fokker F28, which is primarily used for the President's domestic trips and it is also called "Kalayaan One" when the President is on board, 4 Bell 412 helicopters, 3 Sikorsky S-76 helicopters, 1 Sikorsky S-70-5 Black Hawk, a number of Bell UH-1N Twin Hueys, as well as Fokker F-27 "Friendship"s. For trips

title: University of the Philippines

text: host different programs of various colleges within the mother unit. The President of the University of the Philippines is elected for a single six-year term by the University's twelve-member Board of Regents. As of 2011, two Americans and 17 Filipinos served as President of the University of the Philippines. The current president of U.P. is lawyer and former University of the Philippines College of Law Dean Danilo L. Concepcion. He assumed office on February 10, 2017. The governance of the University is vested in the Board of Regents of the University of the Philippines System (or "Lupon ng mga Rehente"

title: Vice President of the Philippines

text: a dash connecting the two words. However, the person and office is usually referred to today without the dash, as the "Vice President." The first known vice president claiming to be part of a government was Mariano Trías, whose term started on March 22, 1897. He was elected during the elections of the Tejeros Convention, and was later elected vice president of the Supreme Council that oversaw negotiations for the Biak na Bato pact in 1897. This Supreme Council had no sovereignty, did not govern any state, and was just used for bargaining with the Spanish. This council was replaced

text: Senate President cannot cast a tie-breaking vote since that would mean that the presiding officer would have had voted twice. According to the Rule 3 of the Rules of the Senate, the Senate President has the powers and duties to: The Senate President is also the "ex officio" chairman of the Commission on Appointments, a constitutional body within the Congress that has the sole power to confirm all appointments made by the President of the Philippines. Under Section 2 of Chapter 2 of the Rules of the Commission on Appointments, the powers and duties of the Senate President as its

text: the Senate President also played a role in changing the leadership of the Senate, but in a smooth manner, the peaceful transition of power and this was done two times in 1999 and in 2006. Unlike most Senate Presidents that are the symbolic presiding officers of the upper house, the Senate President of the Philippines wields considerate power by influencing the legislative agenda and has the ability to vote not just in order to break ties, although the Senate President is traditionally the last senator to vote. A tied vote, therefore, means that the motion is lost, and that the

title: Sovereignty of the Philippines

text: Sovereignty of the Philippines The Sovereignty of the Philippines refers to the status of the Philippines as an independent nation. This article covers sovereignty transitions relating to the Philippines, with particular emphasis on the passing of sovereignty from Spain to the United States in the Treaty of Paris (1898), signed on December 10, 1898 to end the Spanish–American War. President of the United States William McKinley asserted U.S. sovereignty over the Philippines on December 21, 1898 in his "Benevolent Assimilation Proclamation". In March 1897 Emilio Aguinaldo, a leader of the Katipunan, had been elected President of a revolutionary government at

title: President of the Philippines

text: Philippines, the governmental offices and the presidential residence transferred to Baguio, and the Mansion House was used as the official residence. Meanwhile, President Quezon of the Philippine Commonwealth resided in the Omni Shoreham Hotel in Washington D.C. After the restoration of independence, plans were made for the construction of a new capital city. However, the plans did not push through and Manila remained as the capital city, and Malacañang Palace as the President's official residence. The Filipino name is derived from the Tagalog phrase ""may lakán diyán"", ("there is a nobleman there"), and this was eventually shortened to "Malakanyáng". Malacañang

title: President of the Philippines

text: jurisdiction due to the 1898 Treaty of Paris which ended the Spanish–American War; the United States thus does not consider his tenure to have been legitimate. Manuel L. Quezon is considered to be the first president by the United States. He is also the first to win a popular election and a nationwide election. As with many other Axis-occupied countries in the Second World War, the Philippines had at one point two presidents heading two governments. One was Quezon and the Commonwealth government-in-exile in Washington, D.C., and the other was Manila-based Laurel heading the Japanese-sponsored Second Republic. Notably, Laurel was

title: Minority Floor Leader of the Senate of the Philippines

text: of the Senate is Franklin Drilon who was elected on February 28, 2017 following his ouster and replacement by Ralph Recto as the Senate President pro tempore on February 27, 2017. Minority Floor Leader of the Senate of the Philippines The Minority Floor Leader of the Senate, also called as the Senate Minority Floor Leader, is the leader elected by the minority political grouping of the Senate of the Philippines to serve as their official leader in the body and fulfill the responsibilities of a Floor Leader. He manages the business of the minority in the Senate. He is expected

title: Speaker of the House of Representatives of the Philippines

text: Speaker of the House of Representatives of the Philippines The Speaker of the House of Representatives of the Philippines () is the presiding officer and the highest-ranking official of the lower house of Congress, the House of Representatives, as well as the fourth highest and most powerful official of the Government of the Philippines. The Speaker is elected by a majority of all of the Representatives from among themselves. The Speaker is the third and last in line in succession for the presidency, after the President of the Senate of the Philippines, and Vice President of the Philippines. A Speaker

title: High Commissioner to the Philippines

text: High Commissioner to the Philippines High Commissioner to the Philippines was the title of the personal representative of the President of the United States to the Commonwealth of the Philippines during the period 1935–1946. The office was created by the Tydings–McDuffie Act of 1934, which provided for a period of transition from direct American rule to the complete independence of the islands on July 4, 1946. It replaced the office of Governor-General of the Philippines, who had direct executive authority. Under the Commonwealth, executive power was held by an elected Filipino President. The role of the High Commissioner was largely

title: Sovereignty of the Philippines

text: Bonifacio the title "Haring Bayan" ("Sovereign"). Filipino historian Gregario Zaide also wrote that the Katipunan was a government by itself. However, the Katipunan were not recognized by other countries as the legitimate government of the Philippines. At the Tejeros Convention held by the Katipunan on March 22, 1897, Emilio Aguinaldo was elected to the office of President. Bonifacio, as chairman of the convention and "Supremo" if the Katipunan, voided the convention proceedings, but Aguinaldo (who had not been present at the convention) took his oath of office as President the next day in Santa Cruz de Malabon (present-day Tanza) in

title: History of the Philippines

text: and more schools than any previous administration. Marcos was re-elected president in 1969, becoming the first president of the Philippines to achieve a second term. Opponents of Marcos, however, blocked the necessary legislation to further implement his expansive agenda. Because of this, optimism faded early in his second term and economic growth slowed. Crime and civil disobedience increased. The Communist Party of the Philippines formed the New People's Army in response to his shaky hold over the nation and the Moro National Liberation Front continued to fight for an independent Muslim nation in Mindanao. An explosion during the proclamation rally

title: Foreign relations of the Philippines

text: Foreign relations of the Philippines Foreign relations of the Philippines are administered by the President of the Philippines and the Department of Foreign Affairs. Philippine international affairs are influenced by ties to its Southeast Asian neighbors, China, the United States, and the Middle East. The Philippines is a founding member of the United Nations; an elected member of the Security Council and participant in the FAO, International Labour Organization (ILO), UNESCO and World Health Organization. Like most nations, the Philippines is a signatory of Interpol. The Philippines is a member of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations and East Asia

title: Governor-General of the Philippines

text: Governor-General of the Philippines The Governor-General of the Philippines (Spanish: "Gobernador-General de Filipinas"; Filipino: "Gobernador-Heneral ng Pilipinas"; Japanese: ;) was the title of the government executive during the colonial period of the Philippines, governed mainly by Spain (1565–1898) and the United States (1898–1946), and briefly by Great Britain (1762–1764) and Japan (1942–1945). They were also the representative of the executive of the ruling power. On November 15, 1935, the Commonwealth of the Philippines was established as a transitional government to prepare the country for independence from the American control. The governor-general was replaced by an elected Filipino "President of the

title: National Assembly of the Philippines

text: city mayors, ensuring him control of the legislature. Jorge B. Vargas, chairman of the Philippine Executive Commission addressed the National Assembly at its pre-independence session on September 25, 1943 where KALIBAPI Director-General Benigno Aquino, Sr. of Tarlac, who served as Agriculture Secretary in the Commonwealth government was elected Speaker of the National Assembly. On the other hand, former Commonwealth Justice Secretary and Acting Supreme Court Chief Justice José P. Laurel was elected President of the soon-to-be-independent Republic of the Philippines. The National Assembly also went to organize itself into 66 committees. Philippine independence was eventually proclaimed on October 14, 1943.

title: Majority Floor Leader of the Senate of the Philippines

text: is Juan Miguel Zubiri, elected on the first day of the first regular session of the 17th Congress on July 25, 2016. Currently there are eight living former Majority Leaders of the Senate: Majority Floor Leader of the Senate of the Philippines The Majority Floor Leader of the Senate of the Philippines (also called as the Senate Majority Floor Leader) is the leader elected by the majority party of the Senate of the Philippines that serves as their official leader in the body. He also manages the business of the majority part in the Senate. By tradition, the Senate President

title: National Assembly of the Philippines

text: 1935 Constitution to serve as president beyond 1941. He orchestrated a set of amendments to the constitution that included restoring the bicameral legislature. It provided for the replacement of the National Assembly by the Congress of the Philippines, composed of a Senate and a House of Representatives. Unlike the Jones Law Senate (1916 to 1935), whereby two senators were elected from each of the twelve senatorial districts the Philippines was divided into, the 1940 Amendments prescribed that all the 24 senators were to be elected at-large. They were to serve for a staggered 6-year term, so that one-third of the

title: Government of the Philippines

text: is the upper chamber and the House of Representatives is the lower chamber. Executive power is exercised by the government under the leadership of the President. Judicial power is vested in the courts with the Supreme Court of the Philippines as the highest judicial body. The legislative power is vested in the Congress of the Philippines which consists of the Senate of the Philippines Senate and House of Representatives. The upper house is located in Pasay City, while the lower house is located in Quezon City. Both are in Metro Manila. The district and sectoral representatives are elected for a

title: Senate of the Philippines

text: Senate of the Philippines The Senate of the Philippines (Filipino: "Senado ng Pilipinas", also "Mataas na Kapulungan ng Pilipinas" or "upper chamber") is the upper house of the bicameral legislature of the Philippines, the Congress; the House of Representatives is the lower house. The Senate is composed of 24 senators who are elected at-large with the country as one district under plurality-at-large voting. Senators serve six-year terms with a maximum of two consecutive terms, with half of the senators elected every three years to ensure that the Senate is maintained as a continuous body, though staggered. When the Senate was

title: 18th Congress of the Philippines

text: from the fourth to sixth year of the presidency of Rodrigo Duterte; this will be the end of tenure for senators elected in 2016. The 18th Congress will be officially opened by President Duterte together with the joint session of the Senate and the House of Representatives. 18th Congress of the Philippines The Eighteenth Congress of the Philippines () is the future meeting of the national legislature of the Republic of the Philippines, composed of the Senate and House of Representatives. The convention of the 18th Congress was followed by the 2019 Senate election, which will replace half of the

title: History of the Philippines (1898–1946)

text: guarantees might cause the Philippines to fall into Japanese hands. The Jones Bill was rewritten and passed Congress in 1916 with a later date of independence. The law, officially the Philippine Autonomy Act but popularly known as the Jones Law, served as the new organic act (or constitution) for the Philippines. Its preamble stated that the eventual independence of the Philippines would be American policy, subject to the establishment of a stable government. The law maintained the Governor-General of the Philippines, appointed by the President of the United States, but established a bicameral Philippine Legislature to replace the elected Philippine

title: History of the Philippines (1946–65)

text: belonged to the opposing Liberal Party - in the Philippines the President and the Vice-President are elected separately. In the 1961 presidential election, Macapagal ran against Garcia and defeated the incumbent president by a 55% to 45% margin. Seeking to stimulate economic development, Macapagal took the advice of supporters and allowed the Philippine peso to float on the free currency exchange market. His reform efforts were blocked by the Nacionalistas, who dominated the House of Representatives and the Senate at that time. Nonetheless, his presidency achieved growth and prosperity for the nation. Among the most significant achievements of Macapagal as

title: President of the Philippines

text: president who consequently heads the government's executive branch, including the Cabinet and all executive departments. The president has power to grant reprieves, commutations and pardons, and remit fines and forfeitures after conviction by final judgment, except in cases of impeachment. The president can grant amnesty with the concurrence of the majority of all the Members of the Congress. The president has authority to contract or guarantee foreign loans on behalf of the Republic but only with the prior concurrence of the Monetary Board and subject to such limitations as may be provided by law. The president also exercises general supervision

title: Commonwealth of the Philippines

text: Osmeña refused to campaign, saying that the Filipino people knew of his record of 40 years of honest and faithful service. Nevertheless, he was defeated by Manuel Roxas, who won 54% of the vote and became the first president of the independent Republic of the Philippines. Roxas served as the President of the Commonwealth of the Philippines in a brief period, from his subsequent election on May 28, 1946 to July 4, 1946, the scheduled date of the proclamation of Philippine Independence. Roxas prepared the groundwork for the advent of a free and independent Philippines, assisted by the Congress (reorganized

title: Provinces of the Philippines

text: are elected by the voters within the province. "Ex officio" members are elected by members of their respective organisations. National intrusion into the affairs of each provincial government is limited by the Philippine Constitution. The President of the Philippines however coordinates with provincial administrators through the Department of the Interior and Local Government. For purposes of national representation, each province is guaranteed its own congressional district. One congressional representative represents each district in the House of Representatives. Senatorial representation is elected at an at-large basis and not apportioned through territory-based districts. Those classified as either "highly urbanized" or "independent component"

title: Politics of the Philippines

text: the Senate rejected this; a new law, the Tydings–McDuffie Act which was marginally different and more importantly, was supported by Quezon, was approved and paved the way for the Commonwealth of the Philippines. Quezon and Osmeña reconciled, and both were easily elected as president and vice president respectively, in 1935. The Nacionalistas controlled the now unicameral National Assembly for the entirety of the Commonwealth, with the understanding that the Americans would grant independence in the near future. Quezon pressed for constitutional amendments that would allow him to obtain a second term, and the restoration of a bicameral legislature. Quezon did

title: Majority Floor Leader of the House of Representatives of the Philippines

text: Rules. The Majority Floor Leader of the House of Representatives for the 17th Congress of the Philippines is Rolando Andaya Jr., who was elected on July 30, 2018. Majority Floor Leader of the House of Representatives of the Philippines The Majority Floor Leader of the House of Representatives of the Philippines (also called as the House of Representatives Majority Floor Leader) is the leader elected by the majority bloc of the House of Representatives of the Philippines that serves as their official leader in the body. He also manages the business of the majority part in the House of Representatives.

title: Economy of the Philippines

text: crisis. A year later in 1946, the Philippines got its independence in America, creating the Third Philippine Republic. In an effort to solve the massive socio-economic problems of the period, newly elected President Manuel Roxas reorganized the government, and proposed a wide-sweeping legislative program. Among the undertakings of the Third Republic's initial year were: The establishment of the Rehabilitation Finance Corporation (which would be reorganized in 1958 as the Development Bank of the Philippines); the creation of the Department of Foreign Affairs and the organization of the foreign service through Executive Order No. 18; the GI Bill of Rights for

title: Lyceum of the Philippines University

text: Lyceum of the Philippines University The Lyceum of the Philippines University (, abbreviated LPU) is an institute of higher education located in Intramuros in the City of Manila, Philippines. It was founded in 1952 by Dr. José P. Laurel, who became the third president of the Philippines. He named the institution after "lykeion", the grove in ancient Athens where Aristotle taught his pupils. LPU is the only university founded by a president of the republic. Its educational vision is founded on principles that its founder, José P. Laurel, set down. It opened its gates to its first students on July

title: Sovereignty of the Philippines

text: of a stable government. The law maintained the Governor General of the Philippines, appointed by the President of the United States, but established a bicameral Philippine Legislature to replace the elected Philippine Assembly (lower house) and appointive Philippine Commission (upper house) previously in place. Numerous independence bills were submitted to the U.S. Congress, and the Hare–Hawes–Cutting Act became U.S. law on January 17, 1932. The law required the Philippine Senate ratification, which was not forthcoming. Philippine President Quezon led a twelfth independence mission to Washington to secure a better independence act. The result was the Tydings–McDuffie Act of 1934, which