query: what form of government was practiced in sparta?

title: Sparta, Peloponnese

text: of the city’s development is the operation of two departments of the University of Peloponnese and a department of the Technological Educational Institute. The centrally located main square is dominated by the most imposing neo-classical building in Sparta, the City Hall. Built in 1909, City Hall bears the signature of the Greek architect, G. Katsaros. During the monarchy (which was abolished by referendum in 1973), the title of "Duke of Sparta" was used for the Greek crown prince, the διάδοχος ("diádokhos"). The municipality of Sparta was formed at the 2011 local government reform by the merger of the following seven

title: Sparta

text: it was brought before the Gerousia by the child's father. The Gerousia then decided whether it was to be reared or not. It is commonly stated that if they considered it "puny and deformed", the baby was thrown into a chasm on Mount Taygetos known euphemistically as the "Apothetae" (Gr., "ἀποθέται", "Deposits"). This was, in effect, a primitive form of eugenics. Sparta is often portrayed as being unique in this matter; however, there is considerable evidence that the killing of unwanted children was practiced in other Greek regions, including Athens. There is controversy about the matter in Sparta, since excavations

title: History of Sparta

text: Sparta and Persia were given the right to make war on those who did not respect the terms of the treaty. It was to be a very one sided interpretation of autonomy that Sparta enforced. The Boeotian League was broken up on the one hand while the Spartan dominated Peloponnesian League was excepted. Further, Sparta did not consider that autonomy included the right of a city to choose democracy over Sparta's preferred form of government. In 383 BC an appeal from two cities of the Chalkidice and of the King of Macedon gave Sparta a pretext to break up the

title: Women in ancient Sparta

text: Women in ancient Sparta Spartan women were famous in ancient Greece for having more freedom than elsewhere in the Greek world. To contemporaries outside of Sparta, Spartan women had a reputation for promiscuity and controlling their husbands. Unlike their Athenian counterparts, Spartan women could legally own and inherit property and they were usually better educated. The extant written sources are limited and from a largely non-Spartan viewpoint. As Anton Powell puts it, to say that the written sources are "'not without problems'... as an understatement would be hard to beat". According to Plutarch's testimony, Spartans practiced infanticide as a matter

title: Chicago Sparta

text: Chicago Sparta The Sparta Athletic and Benevolent Association Football Club, better known as Chicago Sparta, is one of the longest continually established soccer clubs in the United States. Founded in 1917, it was one of the dominant teams from Chicago, Illinois from the mid-1920s to the late 1940s. In 1915, immigrant Czechs living in Chicago, Illinois formed a social sports organization which they named the Sparta Athletic and Benevolent Association. In 1917, several players from Chicago Slavia joined Sparta A and BA to form the core of Sparta’s soccer club. This team, known at times as Sparta A and BA

title: Sparta, Michigan

text: village was $17,920. About 4.9% of families and 7.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 9.1% of those under age 18 and 4.6% of those age 65 or over. Sparta is served by Paul C. Miller Airport. Sparta, Michigan Sparta is a village in Kent County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 4,140 at the 2010 census. The village resides in Sparta Township. The Sparta area was first settled in 1844, with the township formally organized in 1846. The first settler in what is now the village was Jonathan Nash in 1846. Calling the

title: Sparta, Michigan

text: Sparta, Michigan Sparta is a village in Kent County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 4,140 at the 2010 census. The village resides in Sparta Township. The Sparta area was first settled in 1844, with the township formally organized in 1846. The first settler in what is now the village was Jonathan Nash in 1846. Calling the place Nashville, he built a sawmill on Lick Creek. Subsequently, he changed the name of the creek to Nash Creek. Seeing as there was already a Nashville in Michigan, the state legislature suggested Sparta, meaning land of the fair women.

title: Sparta Township, New Jersey

text: is home to many small businesses. Lake Mohawk houses many boutiques and gift shops that cater to a wide variety of shoppers. As well as these smaller businesses, Sparta home to multiple family-owned pizzerias and delis. Rockaway Townsquare is located about 15 minutes away from Sparta and allows residents to find a wider variety of shops. Sparta Township is governed within the Faulkner Act, formally known as the Optional Municipal Charter Law, under the Council-Manager (Plan B) form of municipal government, implemented based on the recommendations of a Charter Study Commission as of July 1, 1960. The five-member nonpartisan Council

title: Sparta Mountains

text: Sparta Mountains The Sparta Mountains are a range of the New York-New Jersey Highlands region of the Appalachian Mountains. The summit, reaching a height of 1,230 feet (375 metres), lies within Sussex County, New Jersey. The Sparta Mountains are bordered by the Sparta Valley to the north-west, drained by the Wallkill River. The Sparta Mountains are part of the Reading Prong of the New England Upland subprovince of the New England province of the Appalachian Highlands. The rocks that form the Sparta Mountains are from the same belt as those that make up other mountains near-by. This belt, i.e. the

title: Sparta (mythology)

text: Villages and armies would often shout her name before entering battle representing what they were fighting for. Sparta (mythology) In Greek mythology, Sparta (Doric Greek: Σπάρτα, "Spártā"; Attic Greek: Σπάρτη, "Spártē") was the daughter of King Eurotas of Laconia. She was wife of King Lacedaemon (also her uncle) by whom she became the mother of Amyclas and Eurydice, wife of King Acrisius of Argos. The city of Sparta is said to have been named after her; however, the city was often called Lacedaemon as well. The two names were used interchangeably. Sparta was represented on a sacrificial tripod at Amyclae.

title: History of Sparta

text: but were nevertheless openly shocked to discover that the rebels were Greeks like themselves. Sparta began to fear that the Athenian troops might make common cause with the rebels. The Spartans subsequently sent the Athenians home. Providing the official justification that since the initial assault on Ithome had failed, what was now required was a blockade, a task the Spartans did not need Athenian help with. In Athens, this snub resulted in Athens breaking off its alliance with Sparta and allying with its enemy, Argos. Further friction was caused by the consummation of the Attic democracy under Ephialtes and Pericles.

title: Lycurgus of Sparta

text: under his form of government. Lycurgus is said to have been the originator of the Spartan "Homoioi," the "Equals," citizens who had no wealth differentiation among them, an early example of distributism, insofar as the citizens (not the Helots) were concerned. This radical lifestyle differentiated the Spartans once again from other Greeks of their time. The first reform instituted by Lycurgus involved establishing a Gerousia of twenty-eight men, who would have a power equal to the two royal houses of Sparta. The people had the right to vote on important questions, but the Gerousia decided when a vote would be

title: Sparta B.V.

text: Sparta B.V. Sparta B.V. is a Dutch bicycle manufacturer based in Apeldoorn that also produced motorcycles and Mopeds. It is the largest electrical bike manufacturer in Europe. Sparta was founded in 1917, and has been producing bicycles ever since. Highlights of Sparta's history are the company becoming the biggest Dutch manufacturer of motorcycles after the Second World War, and becoming the biggest Dutch manufacturer of mopeds in the 1970s. In the current age Sparta is known for the production of E-bikes. During World War I three men in the neutral Netherlands founded what would become the biggest moped manufacturer of

title: Sparta

text: for examples in the writings of Machiavelli. The Elizabethan English constitutionalist John Aylmer compared the mixed government of Tudor England to the Spartan republic, stating that "Lacedemonia [meaning Sparta], [was] the noblest and best city governed that ever was". He commended it as a model for England. The Swiss-French philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau contrasted Sparta favourably with Athens in his Discourse on the Arts and Sciences, arguing that its austere constitution was preferable to the more cultured nature of Athenian life. Sparta was also used as a model of social purity by Revolutionary and Napoleonic France. Certain early Zionists, and particularly

title: Siege of Sparta

text: by thunderbolts coming from his own hand. While Pyrrhus and most of his counsellors interpreted the dream as indicating that they would seize Sparta by storm, his friend Lysimachus warned him that places struck by thunderbolts were usually avoided and that Pyrrhus was destined not to enter Sparta. Pyrrhus dismissed this interpretation and buoyed by what he deemed to be a portentous sign, he prepared his men for a further assault. In the face of the renewed Epiriote offensive, the Spartans held their defences with vigour. Due to the lack of manpower, the Spartan women were active in offering missiles

title: Duke of Sparta

text: decree was contrary to the Greek constitution, since nobility titles had never existed in Greece and the Greek constitution expressly outlawed them. This led to a stormy debate in Parliament, but the government of the day backed the King on an argument that the constitutional provision did not apply to members of the Royal Family (even though its text made no distinction). The decree was finally approved by Parliament, but use of the title "Duke of Sparta" within Greece was later quietly dropped. However, Crown Prince Constantine was known as "HRH The Duke of Sparta" on the international scene from

title: Lycurgus of Sparta

text: the soldiers from those who did manual labor. Lycurgus is depicted at the Palais de Justice in Brussels. He is also depicted in several U.S. government buildings because of his legacy as a lawgiver. Lycurgus is one of the 23 lawgivers depicted in marble bas-reliefs in the chamber of the U.S. House of Representatives in the United States Capitol. The bas-relief was sculpted by Carl Paul Jennewein. Lycurgus is also depicted on the frieze on the south wall of the U.S. Supreme Court building. Lycurgus of Sparta Lycurgus (; , "Lykoûrgos", ; 820 BC) was the quasi-legendary lawgiver of Sparta

title: Sparta B.V.

text: it started to focus on bicycles only. In the 1960s Sparta introduces the bike with tube frame, the plans of which took two years to design. The model name "8-80" was chosen to reflect the age of the target audience. By 1973 Sparta was back on the bike market with its own "Sparta-frame". The idea of which was a single frame with one tube going from the steering head to rear brake. This frame would be used in bikes for roughly twenty years, no matter what person the bike would be meant for, man, woman or kid, their bikes would

title: Little Sparta

text: Little Sparta Little Sparta is a garden at Dunsyre in the Pentland Hills near Edinburgh, Scotland, created by artist and poet Ian Hamilton Finlay and his wife Sue Finlay. The Arcadian garden includes concrete poetry in sculptural form, polemic, and philosophical aphorisms, together with sculptures and two temples. Altogether it includes over 275 artworks by the artist, created in collaboration with numerous craftsmen and women. The garden was first established in 1966 and was originally named Stonypath. Finlay chose the name "Little Sparta" in 1983, in response to Edinburgh's nickname, the "Athens of the North", and playing on the historical

title: History of Sparta

text: raise assistance for their cause among the other states of Greece, they attempted a coup. Faced with the new Athenian state at overwhelming odds they were lured into a conference, seized and executed. Eleusis reverted to Athens. Sparta refused further involvement. Meanwhile, Lysander, who had been recalled to Sparta after his relief by Pausanias, with the assistance of King Agis (the second king) charged Pausanias with being too lenient with the Athenians. Not only was he acquitted by an overwhelming majority of the jurors (except for the supporters of Agis) including all five ephors, but the Spartan government repudiated all

title: Sparta (band)

text: that he has no plans to reunite with his band mates: "I don’t right now, no. Who knows what the future will bring?" In July 2010, on sleepercarmusic.com, it was stated that "Sparta is not broken up, Sparta is taking a nap." Following a three-year “nap,” Sparta played their first show since 2008 in November 2011 in their hometown of El Paso, TX. They performed on November 17 and 18 at Tricky Falls, the newly renovated venue co-owned by frontman Jim Ward. The band headed into the studio that fall to begin work on their fourth LP, the follow-up to

title: Siege of Sparta

text: the Isthmus of Corinth in 265 BC. The defeat was so disastrous for Sparta that they would not rise to be a regional power until the reign of Cleomenes III thirty years later. Siege of Sparta The Siege of Sparta took place in 272 BC and was a battle fought between Epirus, led by King Pyrrhus, ( 297–272 BC) and an alliance consisting of Sparta, under the command of King Areus I ( 309–265 BC) and his heir Acrotatus, and Macedon. The battle was fought at Sparta and ended in a Spartan-Macedonian victory. Following his defeat in Italy by the

title: History of Sparta

text: faced the death penalty. Escaping in his ship he deserted to Sparta. Having defaulted on the inquiry he was convicted in absentia and sentenced to death. At first Sparta hesitated to resume military operations. In 414 BC, a combined force of Athenians and Argives raided the Laconian coast, after which Sparta began to take Alcibiades' advice. The success of Sparta and the eventual capture of Athens in 404 BC were aided partly by that advice. He induced Sparta to send Gylippus to conduct the defence of Syracuse, to fortify Decelea in northern Attica, and to adopt a vigorous policy of

title: Land reform in Sparta

text: Cleomenes' reforms excited hostility amongst the wealthy of the Peloponnese who feared social revolution. For others, especially among the poor, Cleomenes inspired hope - a hope that was to be quickly dashed when Cleomenes started taking cities and it became obvious that social reform outside Sparta was the last thing on his mind. Cleomenes was defeated by the Achaeans and fled to Egypt, where he eventually died. His reforms were lost with his death. Land reform in Sparta Two land reforms were attempted at ancient Sparta in the 3rd century BC. In the 7th century BC, Sparta conquered much land

title: Theopompus of Sparta

text: is some evidence that his successor was Anaxandridas I, father of Zeuxidamus. According to Plutarch, it was in Theopompus' reign that the ephors were introduced in Sparta. Theopompus of Sparta Theopompus () was a Eurypontid king of Sparta. He is believed to have reigned during the late 8th and early 7th century BC. Sparta was a dyarchy, having two kings at the same time, an Agiad and a Eurypontid. Theopompus was the son and successor to the Eurypontid king Nicander. The major event of his reign was the First Messenian War, which resulted in the defeat of the Messenians, for

title: Sparta of Synriannaq

text: was capable of remains unknown, but the most typical power she was seen displaying was the manipulation and projection of tremendously powerful energy blasts. She also possessed some minor psionic disciplines, as well as the power of flight. Like the other Seeds, Sparta was also trained in various forms of combat, but usually relied on her energy powers to battle her enemies. Sparta of Synriannaq Sparta of Synriannaq is a fictional character in the DC Universe. The alien being who would become Sparta was a native of the war-torn planet of Synriannaq. According to her own claims, she was about

title: Nicander of Sparta

text: Asine in return. Nicander of Sparta Nicander (reigned from c. 750 to c. 725 BC) was king of Sparta and a member of the Eurypontid dynasty. Sparta was a dyarchy, having two kings at the same time, an Agiad and a Eurypontid. The Agiad king at the time of Nicander was Teleclus, who was allegedly assassinated by the neighbouring Messenians. Nicander was the son of the previous Eurypontid king, Charilaus and was succeeded as Eurypontid king by his own son, Theopompus of Sparta. As king, Nicander and his allies the Asinaeans carried out a raid on nearby Argolis, causing the

title: Siege of Sparta

text: Siege of Sparta The Siege of Sparta took place in 272 BC and was a battle fought between Epirus, led by King Pyrrhus, ( 297–272 BC) and an alliance consisting of Sparta, under the command of King Areus I ( 309–265 BC) and his heir Acrotatus, and Macedon. The battle was fought at Sparta and ended in a Spartan-Macedonian victory. Following his defeat in Italy by the Roman Republic, Pyrrhus was forced to retreat back to Epirus. On his return to Epirus, he declared war against Antigonus Gonatas ( 283–239 BC), managing to take control of Macedon. In 272 BC,

title: History of Sparta

text: Chalkidian League headed by Olynthus. After several years of fighting Olynthus was defeated and the cities of the Chalkidice were enrolled into the Peloponnesian League. The real beneficiary of this conflict was Macedon, though Paul Cartledge considers it to be indulging in hindsight, to blame Sparta for enabling the rise of Philip II. During the Corinthian War Sparta faced a coalition of the leading Greek states: Thebes, Athens, Corinth, and Argos. The alliance was initially backed by Persia, whose lands in Anatolia had been invaded by Sparta and which feared further Spartan expansion into Asia. Sparta achieved a series of

title: History of Sparta

text: thirty-year peace with Argos to ensure that they could strike Athens unencumbered. Thus Sparta was fully able to exploit the situation when Megara, Boeotia and Euboea revolted, sending an army into Attica. The war ended with Athens deprived of its mainland possessions but keeping its vast Aegean Empire intact. Both of Sparta's Kings were exiled for permitting Athens to regain Euboea and Sparta agreed to a Thirty Year Peace.But the treaty was broken when Sparta warred with Euboea. Within six years, Sparta was proposing to its allies to go to war with Athens in support of the rebellion in Samos.

title: Nicander of Sparta

text: Nicander of Sparta Nicander (reigned from c. 750 to c. 725 BC) was king of Sparta and a member of the Eurypontid dynasty. Sparta was a dyarchy, having two kings at the same time, an Agiad and a Eurypontid. The Agiad king at the time of Nicander was Teleclus, who was allegedly assassinated by the neighbouring Messenians. Nicander was the son of the previous Eurypontid king, Charilaus and was succeeded as Eurypontid king by his own son, Theopompus of Sparta. As king, Nicander and his allies the Asinaeans carried out a raid on nearby Argolis, causing the Argives to attack

title: Sparta Szamotuły

text: six years returned to the original name. Another change to the "Cukrowniczy Związkowy Szamotulski Klub Sportowy" took place in 1949. Then over the years from 1950 until 1957, the club changed the name consecutively to; "Związkowiec Szamotuły", "Koło Sportowe Unia", "Koło Sportowe nr. 343 Spójnia", "Koło Sportowe Sparta" before finally at the end of 1957 participate under the "Sparta" name. Another change of name to "Międzyzakładowy Klub Sportowy", came after twenty years in the spring of 1972, and presided of the club's most successful era until 1996, when the government changed the name to "Klub Sportowy Sparta Szamotuły". The last

title: Sparta Historic District (Sparta, Illinois)

text: to be an exclusive neighborhood. Rosborough's plans for the district made extensive use of the bricks produced by Sparta's brickmaking industry; in addition to the houses, the neighborhood's streets and sidewalks were originally paved with brick. The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places on June 3, 1982. Sparta Historic District (Sparta, Illinois) The Sparta Historic District is a residential historic district in Sparta, Illinois. The district consists of fourteen homes in a neighborhood of southern Sparta known as Bricktown. As indicated by the neighborhood's name, all but one of the houses are brick buildings; the remaining

title: History of Sparta

text: a javelin. Alexander was merciful, and he only forced the Spartans to join the League of Corinth, which they had previously refused to join. The memory of this defeat was still fresh in Spartan minds when the general revolt against Macedonian rule known as the Lamian War broke out — hence Sparta stayed neutral. Even during its decline, Sparta never forgot its claims on being the "defender of Hellenism" and its Laconic wit. An anecdote has it that when Philip II sent a message to Sparta saying "If I enter Laconia, I will raze Sparta", the Spartans responded with the

title: Polydorus of Sparta

text: Polydorus of Sparta Polydorus (Polydoros) (; reigned from c. 700 to c. 665 BC) was the 10th Agiad dynasty king of Sparta. He was succeeded by king Eurycrates. Polydorus is known for supposedly supplementing the 'Great Rhetra' of Sparta. According to the Greek biographer Plutarch (writing roughly 700 years after the Spartan king), Polydorus and his co-king Theopompus changed the constitution of Sparta so that the Kings and the Gerousia (28 chosen men above the age of 60) could veto decisions made by the Spartan Apella (the male citizen body). Classicists and historians find it difficult to fully understand the

title: History of eugenics

text: of Mendelian genetics and the mapping of the human genome. Other ancient civilizations, such as Rome, Athens and Sparta, practiced infanticide through exposure and execution as a form of phenotypic selection. In Sparta, newborns were inspected by the city's elders, who decided the fate of the infant. If the child was deemed incapable of living, it was usually exposed in the "Apothetae" near the Taygetus mountain. Trials for babies included bathing them in wine and exposing them to the elements. To Sparta, this would ensure only the strongest survived and procreated. Adolf Hitler considered Sparta to be the first ""Völkisch"

title: History of Sparta

text: to take advantage of the ensuing chaos, dispatched Philopoemen to Sparta with a large army. Once there, he compelled the Spartans to join the Achaean League ending their independence. Sparta played no active part in the Achaean War in 146 BC when the Achaean League was defeated by the Roman general Lucius Mummius. Subsequently, Sparta become a free city in the Roman sense, some of the institutions of Lycurgus were restored and the city became a tourist attraction for the Roman elite who came to observe exotic Spartan customs. The former Perioecic communities were not restored to Sparta and some

title: History of Sparta

text: that led to Theban rebellion and hence to the outbreak of the Boeotian War. Sparta started this war with the strategic initiative, however, Sparta failed to achieve its aims. Early on, a botched attack on Piraeus by the Spartan commander Sphodrias undermined Sparta's position by driving Athens into the arms of Thebes. Sparta then met defeat at sea (the Battle of Naxos) and on land (the Battle of Tegyra) and failed to prevent the re-establishment of the Boeotian League and creation of the Second Athenian League. In 371 BC, a fresh peace congress was summoned at Sparta to ratify the

title: History of Sparta

text: Spartan reactions to Athens' growing power and this may reflect the divergence of opinion within Sparta. According to this view one Spartan faction was quite content to allow Athens to carry the risk of continuing the war with Persia while an opposing faction deeply resented Athens' challenge to their Greek supremacy. In later Classical times, Sparta along with Athens, Thebes, and Persia had been the main powers fighting for supremacy against each other. As a result of the Peloponnesian War, Sparta, a traditionally continental culture, became a naval power. At the peak of its power Sparta subdued many of the

title: Sparta Township, New Jersey

text: between Byram Township and Sparta Township. Other unincorporated communities, localities and place names located partially or completely within the township include Ackerson, Edison, Hopewell, Houses Corner, Monroe, Sparta Junction, Sussex Mills, Upper Mohawk and Woodruffs Gap. The township borders the Sussex County municipalities of Andover Township, Byram Township, Franklin borough, Hardyston Township, Hopatcong borough and Lafayette Township; and Jefferson Township in Morris County. Sparta is in the Highlands which is composed of igneous and metamorphic rock. Folding and faulting occurred when a continent struck the North American plate. This is what created the mountains through Sparta and northwards. The Wisconsin

title: Sparta High School (New Jersey)

text: when Newton High School in neighboring Newton, which had also served Sparta students, could no longer take on Sparta's rapidly growing high school-aged population. The sending districts of Hopatcong and Byram Township combined with Sparta to form the initial student body. In its first year of operation, Sparta High enrolled over 400 students enrolled in just three grades, from the three communities that shared the school. In May 1964, Sparta graduated its first class—of 160 students—that had attended the school for all four years. Students from the Byram Township and Stanhope had attended Sparta High School until 1974, when Lenape

title: The Form of Presbyterial Church Government

text: The Form of Presbyterial Church Government The Form of Presbyterial Church Government is a document drawn up by the Westminster Assembly dealing with Presbyterian polity. It forms part of the Westminster Standards, and was adopted by the Church of Scotland in 1645. "The Form of Presbyterial Church Government" describes four church officers: pastors, teachers/doctors, elders, and deacons. The pastor is a "minister of the gospel", while the doctor is a minister who "doth more excel in exposition of scripture, in teaching sound doctrine and convincing gainsayers than he doth in application". The doctors are thus essentially theological professors, "of most

title: Land reform in Sparta

text: Land reform in Sparta Two land reforms were attempted at ancient Sparta in the 3rd century BC. In the 7th century BC, Sparta conquered much land in wars with neighbouring states. This land, and many of the 500,000 inhabitants thereof, were divided among the 25,000 Spartiates. By the 3rd century BC, However, Sparta had been greatly weakened by wars of over 300 years. Fewer than 700 families of the genuine Spartan stock (i.e. full citizenship) remained. In consequence of the innovation introduced by Epitadeus, who procured a repeal of the law which secured to every Spartan head of a family

title: Hero of Sparta II

text: Hero of Sparta II Hero of Sparta II is an action-adventure game developed and published by Gameloft for the iOS and Bada. It was released on 29 July 2010 and is a sequel to the 2008 game Hero of Sparta. The game follows the player's efforts as Argos, an ancient Greek king, as he attempts to save the city of Sparta from the demonic armies of Hades. The game begins where its predecessor left off, as Argos emerges from the Underworld on his ship. As he sets sail towards Sparta, Hades suddenly appears in the sky, and threatens that should

title: Sparta

text: Sparta Sparta (Doric Greek: Σπάρτα, "Spártā"; Attic Greek: Σπάρτη, "Spártē") was a prominent city-state in ancient Greece. In antiquity the city-state was known as Lacedaemon (, ), while the name Sparta referred to its main settlement on the banks of the Eurotas River in Laconia, in south-eastern Peloponnese. Around 650 BC, it rose to become the dominant military land-power in ancient Greece. Given its military pre-eminence, Sparta was recognized as the leading force of the unified Greek military during the Greco-Persian Wars. Between 431 and 404 BC, Sparta was the principal enemy of Athens during the Peloponnesian War, from which

title: Land reform in Sparta

text: an equal portion of land, the landed property had passed into the hands of very few individuals, so that fewer than 100 Spartan families held estates, while the poor were greatly burdened with debt. In 244 BC, Sparta was faced by war with the Achaean League. Agis IV, a co-king of Sparta, tried to rehabilitate the military strength of Sparta by social reforms, including: The landowners, in cooperation with the other co-king Leonidas I, opposed to the reforms. After a lot of fighting, Agis was able to forgive the debts, but not to redistribute the lands. His opponents exploited a

text: Sparta Historic District (Sparta, Illinois) The Sparta Historic District is a residential historic district in Sparta, Illinois. The district consists of fourteen homes in a neighborhood of southern Sparta known as Bricktown. As indicated by the neighborhood's name, all but one of the houses are brick buildings; the remaining house is a wooden Victorian home with a decorative brick chimney. The houses were constructed between 1860 and 1879 and exhibit a variety of architectural styles, including Federal, Gothic Revival, Greek Revival, Italianate, and Victorian. Developer William Rosborough, who lived in the house at 303 West Third Street, planned the district

title: Sparta

text: culture (see Sparta in popular culture), particularly the Battle of Thermopylae (see Battle of Thermopylae in popular culture). Sparta Sparta (Doric Greek: Σπάρτα, "Spártā"; Attic Greek: Σπάρτη, "Spártē") was a prominent city-state in ancient Greece. In antiquity the city-state was known as Lacedaemon (, ), while the name Sparta referred to its main settlement on the banks of the Eurotas River in Laconia, in south-eastern Peloponnese. Around 650 BC, it rose to become the dominant military land-power in ancient Greece. Given its military pre-eminence, Sparta was recognized as the leading force of the unified Greek military during the Greco-Persian Wars.

title: Land reform in Sparta

text: period when he was absent from Sparta and, on his return he was subjected to a travesty of a trial. In 241 BC, Agis was betrayed by friends, who delivered him to his enemies, and murdered. Cleomenes III was the son of Leonidas. His father forced him to marry Agiatis, the widow of his political rival Agis. He then fell in love with her, and she convinced him to resume the reforms of Agis. In 227, Cleomenes murdered 5 of the 6 Ephors (high magistrates) and resumed what Agis could not do - redistribution of land among all Spartiates capable

title: Chilon of Sparta

text: Ostia "cunning Chilon taught to fart silently." Chilon of Sparta Chilon of Sparta (fl. 6th century BC) was a Spartan and one of the Seven Sages of Greece. Chilon was the son of Damagetus, and lived towards the beginning of the 6th century BC. Herodotus speaks of him as contemporary with Hippocrates, the father of Peisistratus. Diogenes Laertius states that he was an old man in the 52nd Olympiad (572 BC), and that he was elected an ephor (overseer) in Sparta in the 56th Olympiad (556/5 BC). Alcidamas states that he was a member of the Spartan assembly. Diogenes Laertius

title: Chilon of Sparta

text: Chilon of Sparta Chilon of Sparta (fl. 6th century BC) was a Spartan and one of the Seven Sages of Greece. Chilon was the son of Damagetus, and lived towards the beginning of the 6th century BC. Herodotus speaks of him as contemporary with Hippocrates, the father of Peisistratus. Diogenes Laertius states that he was an old man in the 52nd Olympiad (572 BC), and that he was elected an ephor (overseer) in Sparta in the 56th Olympiad (556/5 BC). Alcidamas states that he was a member of the Spartan assembly. Diogenes Laertius even goes so far as to claim

title: Duke of Sparta

text: Duke of Sparta Duke of Sparta () was a title instituted in 1868 to designate the Crown Prince of the Kingdom of Greece. Its legal status was exceptional, as the Greek constitution forbade the award or acceptance of titles of nobility for Greek citizens. Consequently, it was mostly used abroad, although also in unofficial use within Greece. In 1868, when the Crown Prince Constantine (later king as Constantine I) was born, King George I issued a decree according to which Constantine, as well as any future heir to the Greek crown, would bear the title "Duke of Sparta". However, this

title: Hippomedon of Sparta

text: Hippomedon of Sparta Hippomedon of Sparta (3rd-century BC) was the cousin of Agis IV in Sparta. Hippomedon was instrumental in gaining for his father Agesilaus a powerful position under Agis, but Agesilaus mismanaged affairs and they were exiled. Subsequently Hippomedon was appointed as governor of the cities of Thrace which were subject to Ptolemy III Euergetes. Hippomedon was a son of Agesilaus, the uncle of Agis IV. He must have been older than his cousin Agis, as he is said by Plutarch to have already distinguished himself on many occasions in war when the young king first began to engage

title: History of Sparta

text: periods. Dorian Sparta rose to dominance in the 6th century BC. At the time of the Persian Wars, it was the recognized leader by assent of the Greek city-states. It subsequently lost that assent through suspicion that the Athenians were plotting to break up the Spartan state after an earthquake destroyed Sparta in 464 BC. When Sparta defeated Athens in the Peloponnesian War, it secured an unrivaled hegemony over southern Greece. Sparta's supremacy was broken following the Battle of Leuctra in 371 BC. It was never able to regain its military supremacy and was finally absorbed by the Achaean League

title: Hippomedon of Sparta

text: period he was the governor of those cities of Thrace which were subject to Ptolemy III Euergetes. We learn from Polybius that he was still living at the death of Cleomenes III in 219 BC, when the crown would have devolved of right either to him or to one of his two grandchildren, the sons of Archidamus V, who had married a daughter of Hippomedon; but their claims were disregarded, and Lycurgus, a stranger to the royal family, was raised to the throne. Hippomedon of Sparta Hippomedon of Sparta (3rd-century BC) was the cousin of Agis IV in Sparta. Hippomedon

title: History of Sparta

text: History of Sparta The History of Sparta describes the destiny of the ancient Dorian Greek state known as Sparta from its beginning in the legendary period to its incorporation into the Achaean League under the late Roman Republic, as Allied State, in 146 BC, a period of roughly 1000 years. Since the Dorians were not the first to settle the valley of the Eurotas River in the Peloponnesus of Greece, the preceding Mycenaean and Stone Age periods are described as well. Sparta went on to become a district of modern Greece. Brief mention is made of events in the post-classical

title: Theopompus of Sparta

text: Theopompus of Sparta Theopompus () was a Eurypontid king of Sparta. He is believed to have reigned during the late 8th and early 7th century BC. Sparta was a dyarchy, having two kings at the same time, an Agiad and a Eurypontid. Theopompus was the son and successor to the Eurypontid king Nicander. The major event of his reign was the First Messenian War, which resulted in the defeat of the Messenians, for which, Pausanias reports, Tyrtaeus credits Theompompus: Pausanias reports that Theopompus was succeeded by his grandson Zeuxidamas or great-grandson Anaxidamus, Theopompus' son Archidamus having predeceased him, though there

title: History of Sparta

text: Peace of Callias. Again the Thebans refused to renounce their Boeotian hegemony, and the Spartan's sent a force under King Cleombrotus in an attempt to enforce Theban acceptance. When the Thebans gave battle at Leuctra, it was more out of brave despair than hope. However, it was Sparta that was defeated and this, along with the death of King Cleombrotus dealt a crushing blow to Spartan military prestige. The result of the battle was to transfer supremacy from Sparta to Thebes. As Spartan citizenship was inherited by blood, Sparta now increasingly faced a helot population that vastly outnumbered its citizens.

title: Chicago Sparta

text: & South Kostner) included: Sparta Stadium stood at 21st Street and South Kostner. As early as 1921, the Chicago Tribune reported scheduled games and results at "Sparta Field", and games at Sparta Stadium were widely reported throughout the 1920s, 1930s, and 1940s. The largest recorded attendance at Sparta Stadium was 9,000 when Sparta hosted SK Kladno (Czech) on September 9, 1934. The last soccer game the Chicago Tribune reported at Sparta Stadium was in November 1953. Shortly thereafter, Sparta Stadium was leveled and paved as a parking lot for nearby factories. National Challenge Cup Peel Cup League Championship Chicago Sparta

title: History of Sparta

text: them and defeated them. In 272 BC, Cleonymus of Sparta (who had been displaced as King by Areus), persuaded Pyrrhus to invade the Peloponnese. Pyrrhus laid siege to Sparta confident that he could take the city with ease, however, the Spartans, with even the women taking part in the defence, succeeded in beating off Pyrrhus' attacks. At this point Pyrrhus received an appeal from an opposition Argive faction, for backing against the pro-Gonatas ruler of Argos, and he withdrew from Sparta. In 264 BC, Sparta formed an alliance with Athens and Ptolomeic Egypt (along with a number smaller Greek cities)

title: Clearchus of Sparta

text: Clearchus of Sparta Clearchus or Clearch (; born in Sparta circa 450 BC - died at Babylon in 401 BC), the son of Rhamphias, was a Spartan general and mercenary, noted for his service under Cyrus the Younger. Born about the middle of the 5th century BC, Clearchus was sent with a fleet to the Hellespont in 411 and became governor of Byzantium, of which town he was "proxenus". His severity, however, made him unpopular, and in his absence the gates were opened to the Athenian besieging army under Alcibiades (409). Subsequently, Clearchus returned to Sparta and appealed to the

title: Pausanias of Sparta

text: the Spartans and replaced as king by his young son Agesipolis I. However, Pausanias was able to escape execution and fled Sparta to live in exile in Tegea. While living there he wrote a pamphlet. No fragments of the pamphlet have survived and its contents or purposes are not clear. However, it seems that he wrote the pamphlet to criticise his opponents in Sparta accusing them of violating traditional Spartan laws and advocating the abolition of the ephors. The year of Pausanias's death is unknown. He was also the father of Cleombrotus I. Pausanias of Sparta Pausanias (Greek: Παυσανίας) was

title: Sparta of Synriannaq

text: Sparta and Athyns vowed revenge, but was torn by his still evident love for her. Eventually both Donna and Athyns, aided by the Titans were able to return the powers of the slain Seeds to the Titans of Myth, restoring them to full power, but in the process, Sparta was reduced to a mindless husk. To honor Xanthi's memory, Athyns became the new protector of Ozyron. The Titans of Myth took Sparta with them when they left, feeling that she was their responsibility, and Donna returned to Earth with her friends the Titans. Years later when Donna was slain by

title: History of Sparta

text: appeal for help to Boeotia. Boeotia responded by sending a large army, led by Epaminondas, which first marched on Sparta itself and then moved to Messenia where the helots had already rebelled. Epaminondas made that rebellion permanent by fortifying the city of Messene. The final showdown was in 362 BC, by which time several of Boetia's former allies, such as Mantinea and Elis, had joined Sparta. Athens also fought with Sparta. The resulting Battle of Mantinea was won by Boetia and her allies but in the moment of victory, Epaminondas was killed. In the aftermath of the battle both Sparta's

title: Polydorus of Sparta

text: unique constitution of Sparta due to a lack of sources, so analyzing the reliability of Plutarch on Polydorus is difficult. Pausanias, another Greek writing under Roman rule, gave a detailed account of the First Messenian War, a conflict between Sparta and their neighbors who would soon become their slaves. He tells us that Polydorus was in charge of the left side of the Spartan forces at Ampheia, and that his co-king Theopompus was in command of the right flank (more influential for Spartan offensive tactics). Polydorus of Sparta Polydorus (Polydoros) (; reigned from c. 700 to c. 665 BC) was

title: History of Sparta

text: the First Peloponnesian War broke out, Sparta was still preoccupied suppressing the helot revolt, hence its involvement was somewhat desultory. It amounted to little more than isolated expeditions, the most notable of which involved helping to inflict a defeat on the Athenians at the Battle of Tanagra in 457 BC in Boeotia. However they then returned home giving the Athenians an opportunity to defeat the Boeotians at the battle of Oenophyta and so overthowing Boeotia. When the helot revolt was finally ended, Sparta needed a respite, seeking and gaining a five-year truce with Athens. By contrast, however, Sparta sought a

title: Sparta of Synriannaq

text: Sparta of Synriannaq Sparta of Synriannaq is a fictional character in the DC Universe. The alien being who would become Sparta was a native of the war-torn planet of Synriannaq. According to her own claims, she was about to be killed only seconds after being born. Other than that, virtually none of her past history is known, she was one of twelve children who were saved from certain death and assembled by the Titan goddess, Rhea to be reared as the eventual saviors and successors of the Titans of Myth. Called the Titan Seeds by Rhea and brought to the

title: Gorgo, Queen of Sparta

text: Gorgo, Queen of Sparta Gorgo (; ; fl. 480 BC) was a Queen of Sparta. She was the daughter and the only known child of Cleomenes I, King of Sparta (r. 520–490 BC) during the 6th and 5th centuries BC. She was the wife of King Leonidas I, Cleomenes' half-brother, who fought and died in the Battle of Thermopylae. Gorgo is noted as one of the few female historical figures actually named by Herodotus, and was known for her political judgement and wisdom. She is notable for being the daughter of a king of Sparta, the wife of another, and

title: Sparta Rotterdam

text: Sparta played its first real football match, and in 1892 Sparta disbanded the cricket branch. Sparta was promoted to the highest league of Dutch football on 23 April 1893. In 1897, Sparta withdrew from the competition after continuous dubious arbitration of Sparta matches. The club continued to exist, however, and in 1899 the board of Sparta visited a match of Sunderland. Impressed with the red-and-white jersey of the English club, the board decided that Sunderland's colours (red-white striped jersey, black shorts) would henceforth be the colours of Sparta. In 1905, Sparta initiated and organised the first home match of the

title: History of Sparta

text: backing of Egypt. However Aratus, the leader of the Achaean League, decided to ally with Achaea's enemy, Macedonia. With Egypt deciding to cut financial aid Cleomenes decided to risk all on one battle. In the resulting Battle of Sellasia in 222 BC, Cleomenes was defeated by the Achaeans and Macedonia. Antigonus III Doson, the king of Macedon ceremonially entered Sparta with his army, something Sparta had never endured before. The ephors were restored, whilst the kingship was suspended. At the beginning of the Social War in 220 BC, envoys from Achaea unsuccessfully attempted to persuade Sparta to take the field

title: History of Sparta

text: The alarming decline of Spartan citizens was commented on by Aristotle. Sparta never fully recovered from the losses that the Spartans suffered at Leuctra in 371 BC and the subsequent helot revolts. Nonetheless, it was able to continue as a regional power for over two centuries. Neither Philip II nor his son Alexander the Great attempted to conquer Sparta itself. By the winter of late 370 BC, King Agesilaus took the field, not against Thebes, but in an attempt to preserve at least a toehold of influence for Sparta in Arkadia. This backfired when, in response, the Arkadians sent an

title: Siege of Sparta

text: aim in invading the Peloponnese was to liberate the cities still held by Antigonus and to send his sons to Sparta to be educated in the agoge. After the withdrawal of the ambassadors, the Epiriote army advanced into Laconia followed the Eurotas River south and started to ravaging the territory of the Spartan perioeci. Pyrrhus' deceit prompted outrage in Sparta and ambassador were again dispatched to the Epiriote to upbraid him for his perfidy. At the time of the invading army's entry into Laconia, Sparta was only lightly defended. The majority of the Spartan army had accompanied Areus on campaign

title: Hero of Sparta

text: rescue her. In exchange, the oracle offers to use her power to return Argos to his homeland. The game has been directly compared to the God of War franchise, even being called "a shameless God of War rip-off." A sequel "Hero of Sparta II" was released on July 29, 2010. Hero of Sparta Hero of Sparta is an action-adventure game developed and published by Spanish studio Gameloft Iberica for iOS, Nintendo DS, Android and PlayStation Portable. An HD version was also released for the iPad and some Android and Symbian devices. Both versions have been removed from the Play Store,

title: Little Sparta

text: that it is "the only really original garden made in this country since 1945". James Campbell, writing in "The Guardian", describes the garden as "one of the wonders of 20th-century art", and agrees with Hamilton Finlay's description of himself as the "avant-gardener". Little Sparta Little Sparta is a garden at Dunsyre in the Pentland Hills near Edinburgh, Scotland, created by artist and poet Ian Hamilton Finlay and his wife Sue Finlay. The Arcadian garden includes concrete poetry in sculptural form, polemic, and philosophical aphorisms, together with sculptures and two temples. Altogether it includes over 275 artworks by the artist, created

title: Lycurgus of Sparta

text: he returned. He made the journey to Delphi and consulted the oracle, which told him that his laws were excellent and would make his people famous. He then disappeared from history. One explanation was that being satisfied by this he starved himself to death instead of returning home, forcing the citizens of Sparta by oath to keep his laws indefinitely. He later enjoyed a hero-cult in Sparta. Lycurgus is credited with the formation of many Spartan institutions integral to the country's rise to power, but more importantly the complete and undivided allegiance to Sparta from its citizens, which was implemented

title: History of Sparta

text: Lazenby further hypothesizes that other reforms such as the introduction of the Ephors were later innovations that were attributed to Lycurgus. The Dorians seem to have set about expanding the frontiers of Spartan territory almost before they had established their own state. They fought against the Argive Dorians to the east and southeast, and also the Arcadian Achaeans to the northwest. The evidence suggests that Sparta, relatively inaccessible because of the topography of the plain of Sparta, was secure from early on: it was never fortified. Sparta shared the plain with Amyklai which lay to the south and was one

title: Lycurgus of Sparta

text: what happened in nearby Messene and Argos, where the kings held on so tight to every last bit of power that in the end they wound end up losing it all. According to Plutarch, Lycurgus traveled to Crete, Asia Minor and possibly to Egypt before he drew up his constitution. The Cretan constitution was said to have influenced that of Lycurgus for Sparta. Another inspiration for his constitution was the Ionian way of life, that attached more importance to pleasurable life. Plutarch also gives some credence to the idea Lycurgus visited Egypt and was influenced by their way of separating

title: History of Sparta

text: the decarchs that had been established by Lysander in former states of the Athenian Empire and ordered the former governments restored. The two major powers in the eastern Mediterranean in the 5th century BC had been Athens and Sparta. The defeat of Athens by Sparta resulted in Spartan hegemony in the early 4th century BC. Sparta's close relationship with Cyrus the Younger continued when she gave covert support to his attempt to seize the Persian throne. After Cyrus was killed at the Battle of Cunaxa, Sparta briefly attempted to be conciliatory towards Artaxerxes, the Persian king. In late 401 BC,

title: History of Sparta

text: Sparta faced the same dilemma. The Persians inconveniently chose to attack during the Olympic truce which the Spartans felt they must honor. Other Greek states which lacked such scruples were making a major effort to assemble a fleet - how could Sparta not contribute on land when others were doing so much on sea? The solution was to provide a small force under Leonidas to defend Thermopylae. However, there are indications that Sparta's religious scruples were merely a cover. From this interpretation, Sparta believed that the defense of Thermopylae was hopeless and wished to make a stand at the Isthmus,

title: History of Sparta

text: northern borders. The final showdown saw Philip fighting Athens and Thebes at Chaeronea. Sparta was pinned down at home by Macedonian allies such as Messene and Argos and took no part. After the Battle of Chaeronea, Philip II of Macedon entered the Peloponnese. Sparta alone refused to join Philip's "Corinthian League" but Philip engineered the transfer of certain border districts to the neighbouring states of Argos, Arcadia and Messenia. During Alexander's campaigns in the east, the Spartan king, Agis III sent a force to Crete in 333 BC with the aim of securing the island for Sparta. Agis next took

title: Sparta F.C.

text: and on the basis the Greek flag. The fanatics supporters of Sparta are called 300. There is a strong relationship between them and Taranto's fans, where often lift banners in support of the fellow teams. AE Sparta Football & Athletic Co Management Sparta F.C. Athletic Union of Sparta F.C. (, Αθλητική Ένωση Σπάρτης, "Athlitiki Enosis Spartis", "Athletic Union of Sparta"), also known simply as Sparti is a Greek football club, based in Sparta, Laconia, Greece. The club was founded in 1991. The football section of the club is the most successful. Struggling in Sparta Municipal Stadium, with a capacity of

title: Sparta

text: settlements in the valley of the Eurotas River: Sparta. The second word was Lacedaemon (); this was also used sometimes as an adjective and is the name commonly used in the works of Homer and the historians Herodotus and Thucydides. Herodotus seems to denote by it the Mycenaean Greek citadel at Therapne, in contrast to the lower town of Sparta. It could be used synonymously with Sparta, but typically it was not. It denoted the terrain on which Sparta was situated. In Homer it is typically combined with epithets of the countryside: wide, lovely, shining and most often hollow and

title: Sparta B.V.

text: largest company making recumbent bicycles, with the largest being Batavus. With Sparta joining Accell Group in 1999, several changes were made to the products that Sparta made. It quit manufacturing recumbent bicycles, children's bikes and ATBs, and moved to its current location on Wilmersdorf, Apeldoorn, the Netherlands in the summer of 2001. New products made by Sparta included the "Amazone", introduced in 2000, which was a bike aimed at mothers. In 2003 Sparta launched ION, a series of systems for E-bikes. The ION system led Sparta to become the biggest E-bike manufacturer in Europe. Sparta B.V. Sparta B.V. is a

title: Sparta, Tennessee

text: Sparta, Tennessee Sparta is a city and the county seat of White County, Tennessee, United States. The population was 4,925 in 2010, and 5,075 according to a 2014 census estimate. The Calfkiller River flows through the city. Seven sites in Sparta are listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Sparta was established in 1809 as a county seat for White County, which had been created in 1806. The city was named after the ancient Greek city-state Sparta. Sparta nearly became the capital of the state of Tennessee, as, early in the history of Tennessee, the state legislature voted to

title: Sparta, Ohio

text: Sparta, Ohio Sparta is a village in Morrow County, Ohio, United States. The population was 161 at the 2010 census. Sparta is southeast of Mount Gilead, the county seat. Sparta was laid out in 1837. A post office has been in operation at Sparta since 1837. The village was incorporated around 1870. Sparta is located at (40.394773, -82.699527). It is considered to be a part of "Central Ohio". According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of , all of it land. As of the census of 2010, there were 161 people, 65 households, and

title: Sparta Warriors

text: Sparta Warriors Ishockeyklubben Sparta Sarpsborg, commonly referred to as the Sparta Warriors, is a Norwegian ice hockey team based in Sarpsborg, Norway. They currently play in the GET League. They play their home games in the Sparta Amfi arena. The team colours are blue and white. The ice hockey department of IL Sparta was founded in 1958, and got off to a fantastic start when Norway's first indoor hockey arena Sparta Amfi was opened in 1963. Within only three years, they earned promotion to the first division as the first team outside Oslo. It was only to be a short

title: Sparta F.C.

text: Sparta F.C. Athletic Union of Sparta F.C. (, Αθλητική Ένωση Σπάρτης, "Athlitiki Enosis Spartis", "Athletic Union of Sparta"), also known simply as Sparti is a Greek football club, based in Sparta, Laconia, Greece. The club was founded in 1991. The football section of the club is the most successful. Struggling in Sparta Municipal Stadium, with a capacity of 1,500 spectators. They will play in Football League for the 2018–19 season. The club was founded in 1991 as "Charisiakos F.C." and later renamed as Athletic Union of Sparta F.C. They won the "Championship of Laconia" in 2001, 2002, 2003 and participated

title: Sparta, Missouri

text: Sparta, Missouri Sparta is a city in Christian County, Missouri, United States. The population was 1,756 at the 2010 census. Sparta is part of the Springfield, Missouri Metropolitan Statistical Area. A post office called Sparta has been in operation since 1876. The city's name is a transfer from Sparta, Tennessee. Sparta is located in Missouri (37.000320, -93.083407). According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , all of it land. As of the census of 2010, there were 1,756 people, 696 households, and 476 families residing in the city. The population density was .

title: Sparta of Synriannaq

text: attempted to lay siege to the planet Minosyss, they sacrificed Sparta's life in combat, but unknown to them, the act began to trigger the restoration of Donna's true memories. Athyns, who was also serving the Titans of Myth, aided The Teen Titans and The Outsiders, who had come in search of Donna, in defeating the Titans of Myth. They were later banished into Tartarus by Troia. As one of the Titan Seeds, Sparta possessed considerable power, but after destroying most of the other Seeds, and adding their power to her own, they increased exponentially. The full range of what she

title: Sparta, Ossining

text: turned some to face the river, and moved at least one house to a new location. Sparta, Ossining Sparta is a neighborhood of the village of Ossining in New York. Sparta borders the Hudson River south of most of the village of Ossining. The neighborhood was a hamlet of the town of Ossining, and remains its oldest community. Sparta was founded by Dutch settlers in the 17th century. It has zip codes 10510 and 10562. The elevation is 56 feet. The neighborhood includes the Sparta Historic District, the Jug Tavern, and the Sparta Cemetery. The New Croton Aqueduct, Old Croton

title: Sparta, Ossining

text: Sparta, Ossining Sparta is a neighborhood of the village of Ossining in New York. Sparta borders the Hudson River south of most of the village of Ossining. The neighborhood was a hamlet of the town of Ossining, and remains its oldest community. Sparta was founded by Dutch settlers in the 17th century. It has zip codes 10510 and 10562. The elevation is 56 feet. The neighborhood includes the Sparta Historic District, the Jug Tavern, and the Sparta Cemetery. The New Croton Aqueduct, Old Croton Aqueduct, Old Croton Trailway State Park, and Trailways State Park Aqueduct transverse the neighborhood. About a

title: Sparta, Wisconsin

text: and conduct fund raising projects for the advancement of the general welfare of the city of Sparta. Other events include: Sparta, Wisconsin Sparta is a city in and the county seat of Monroe County, Wisconsin, United States, along the La Crosse River. The population was 9,522 at the 2010 census. A post office has been in operation at Sparta since 1852. The city was named after Sparta, the ancient Greek city-state. Sparta is located at (43.943061, −90.811818). According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which is land and is water. Sparta's

title: History of Sparta

text: alliance that led to the creation of the Peloponesian League. Forrest, hesitantly attributes this change to Ephor Chilon. In building its alliance, Sparta gained two ends, protection of its conquest of Mesene and a free hand against Argos. The Battle of the Champions won about 546 BC (that is at the time that the Lydian Empire fell before Cyrus of Persia) made the Spartans masters of the Cynuria, the borderland between Laconia and Argolis. In 494 BC, King Cleomenes I, launched what was intended to be a final settling of accounts with the city of Argos - an invasion, with

title: Hero of Sparta II

text: Doing so will earn Argos more orbs, and sometimes it is necessary for advancing the story. Hero of Sparta II Hero of Sparta II is an action-adventure game developed and published by Gameloft for the iOS and Bada. It was released on 29 July 2010 and is a sequel to the 2008 game Hero of Sparta. The game follows the player's efforts as Argos, an ancient Greek king, as he attempts to save the city of Sparta from the demonic armies of Hades. The game begins where its predecessor left off, as Argos emerges from the Underworld on his ship.

title: Sparta, Peloponnese

text: the late 5th century BC, likely a temple, but named for Leonidas I in the 19th century, being the only ancient monument indicated within the limits of the newly-planned town in 1834. The Spartathlon has taken place every September since 1983. It is an ultramarathon starting in Athens and finishing in Sparta at the statue of Leonidas, with many international participants. The local football club is Sparta F.C. Sparta is twinned with: Sparta, Peloponnese Sparta (, "Spárti") is a town and municipality in Laconia, Greece. It lies at the site of ancient Sparta. The municipality was merged with six nearby

title: Sparta

text: Aristotle’s analysis of the laws and history of Sparta he attributed its precipitous fall (which happened during his lifetime) from being the master of Greece to a second rate power in less than 50 years to the fact that Sparta had become a gynecocracy whose intemperate women loved luxury. These tendencies became worse after the huge influx of wealth following the Spartan victory of the Peloponnesian War, leading to the eventual downfall of Sparta. Many women played a significant role in the history of Sparta. Queen Gorgo, heiress to the throne and the wife of Leonidas I, was an influential

title: Sparta, Georgia

text: Sparta, Georgia Sparta is a city in Hancock County, Georgia, United States. The population was 1,400 at the 2010 census. The city is the county seat of Hancock County. It is part of the Milledgeville Micropolitan Statistical Area. Sparta was founded in 1795 in the newly formed Hancock County. It was designated county seat in 1797. It was incorporated as a town in 1805 and as a city in 1893. Sparta is the site of Georgia's Hancock State Prison. Sparta is located at (33.2773, -82.9715). According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of ,

title: Sparta, Georgia

text: 103 full-time teachers and over 1,659 students. Sparta, Georgia Sparta is a city in Hancock County, Georgia, United States. The population was 1,400 at the 2010 census. The city is the county seat of Hancock County. It is part of the Milledgeville Micropolitan Statistical Area. Sparta was founded in 1795 in the newly formed Hancock County. It was designated county seat in 1797. It was incorporated as a town in 1805 and as a city in 1893. Sparta is the site of Georgia's Hancock State Prison. Sparta is located at (33.2773, -82.9715). According to the United States Census Bureau, the

title: Sparta, Missouri

text: police officers. The Christian County Sheriff's Office provides services when there is no Sparta Police Officer available. The Sparta R-III School District is a K-12 institution of about 750 students that serves Sparta and the surrounding area and has been led by Rocky Valentine since July 2017. The district is accredited and achieved Accreditation With Distinction in Performance for the 2005-2006, 2006–2007, 2007–2008, and 2008-2009 school years, the highest honor a school in Missouri can receive. Sparta, Missouri Sparta is a city in Christian County, Missouri, United States. The population was 1,756 at the 2010 census. Sparta is part of

title: God of War: Ghost of Sparta

text: the 2011 British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA) Video Game Awards, "Ghost of Sparta" was a nominee for the "Handheld" award. God of War: Ghost of Sparta God of War: Ghost of Sparta is a third-person action-adventure video game developed by Ready at Dawn and Santa Monica Studio, and published by Sony Computer Entertainment (SCE). It was first released for the PlayStation Portable (PSP) handheld console on November 2, 2010. The game is the sixth installment in the "God of War" series and the fourth chronologically. Loosely based on Greek mythology, "Ghost of Sparta" is set in ancient