query: who was the president of indian national congress?

title: History of the Indian National Congress

text: History of the Indian National Congress From its foundation on 28 December 1885 by A.O. Hume, a retired British officer, until the time India gained its independence on 15 August 1947, the Indian National Congress was considered to be the largest and most prominent Indian public organization, as well as the central and defining influence of the long Indian Independence Movement. After India became independent, Mahatma Gandhi asked the leaders to dissolve Indian National Congress, and to form a new organisation to govern the nation. Retired British Indian Civil Service (ICS) officer Allan Octavian Hume founded the Indian National Congress

title: Indian National Congress

text: a structure, Congress under Indira Gandhi did not hold any organizational elections after 1972. The AICC is composed of delegates sent from the PCCs. The delegates elect Congress committees, including the Congress Working Committee, consisting of senior party leaders and office bearers. The AICC takes all important executive and political decisions. Since Indira Gandhi formed Congress (I) in 1978, the President of the Indian National Congress has effectively been: the party's national leader, head of the organisation, head of the Working Committee and all chief Congress committees, chief spokesman, and Congress' choice for Prime Minister of India. Constitutionally, the president

title: Indian National Congress

text: Indian National Congress The Indian National Congress (INC, often called the Congress Party or simply Congress) is a broadly based political party in India. Founded in 1885, it was the first modern nationalist movement to emerge in the British Empire in Asia and Africa. From the late 19th century, and especially after 1920, under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi, Congress became the principal leader of the Indian independence movement. Congress led India to independence from Great Britain, and powerfully influenced other anti-colonial nationalist movements in the British Empire. Congress is a secular party whose socialdemocratic platform is generally considered to

title: Indian National Congress (R)

text: Indian National Congress (R) Indian National Congress (Requisitionists) was created in 1969; it was created and led by Indira Gandhi. Initially this party was known as Congress (R), but it soon came to be generally known as the "New Congress". The letter 'R' stands for 'Requisition'. The original congress party then became the Indian National Congress (Organisation), or Congress (O), and was led by Kamaraj. It was informally called the "Old Congress" and retained the party symbol of a pair of bullocks carrying a yoke. Mrs. Gandhi's breakaway faction were given a new symbol of a cow with suckling calf

title: Indian National Congress (R)

title: Indian National Congress (Organisation)

text: Indian National Congress (Organisation) The Indian National Congress (Organisation) or Congress (O) was a political party in India formed when the Congress party split following the expulsion of Indira Gandhi. On 12 November 1969, the Prime Minister of India Indira Gandhi was expelled from the Congress party for violating the party discipline. The party finally split with Indira Gandhi setting up a rival organization, which came to be known as Congress (R). In the All India Congress Committee, 446 of its 705 members walked over to Indira's side. The Indian National Congress (Organisation) was also occasionally informally referred to as

title: 2014 Indian National Congress campaign for Indian general election

text: members in Delhi but the party's working committee unanimously rejected their resignation. Manmohan Singh took the responsibility for the "shortcomings that existed at the government level." while the members of the committee said that the defeat was a collective responsibility and passed a resolution criticising the communication strategy of the government for the defeat. 2014 Indian National Congress campaign for Indian general election The Indian National Congress (INC) is one of the two major political parties in India. The prominent members of the party are the president Sonia Gandhi, vice-president Rahul Gandhi, former prime minister Manmohan Singh and Priyanka Gandhi.

title: Indian National Congress

text: Munnetra Kazhagam respectively. The party during the post-independence era has governed most of the States and union territories of India. A majority of non-Congress prime ministers of India had been members of the Congress party earlier in their careers. Indian National Congress The Indian National Congress (INC, often called the Congress Party or simply Congress) is a broadly based political party in India. Founded in 1885, it was the first modern nationalist movement to emerge in the British Empire in Asia and Africa. From the late 19th century, and especially after 1920, under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi, Congress became

text: 2014 Indian National Congress campaign for Indian general election The Indian National Congress (INC) is one of the two major political parties in India. The prominent members of the party are the president Sonia Gandhi, vice-president Rahul Gandhi, former prime minister Manmohan Singh and Priyanka Gandhi. INC took part in the elections alongside other members of the United Progressive Alliance. On the fourth anniversary of the second United Progressive Alliance government, the INC announced that its campaign for the election would be led by incumbent prime minister Manmohan Singh, party chairperson Sonia Gandhi, and general secretary Rahul Gandhi. Burson-Marsteller, JWT

title: Indian National Congress (U)

text: and Chidambaram Subramaniam joined Congress (Indira); and A.K. Antony split from Congress (U) to form Congress (A) in Kerala. When Sharad Pawar took over the party presidency in October 1981, the name of the party was changed to Indian Congress (Socialist). Indian National Congress (U) The Indian National Congress (U) was a breakaway faction of the Indira Gandhi-led Congress (I), formed in July 1979 by D. Devaraj Urs, the then Chief Minister of Karnataka. Urs' explanation of the split was the return of Indira's son Sanjay Gandhi into the party fold. Urs took with him many legislators from Karnataka, Kerala,

title: Indian National Congress (Organisation)

text: of India, Swatantra Party and others to form the Janata Party. Congress (O)'s leader Morarji Desai served as the fourth Prime Minister of India from 1977 to 1979 which was India's first non-Congress government. Indian National Congress (Organisation) The Indian National Congress (Organisation) or Congress (O) was a political party in India formed when the Congress party split following the expulsion of Indira Gandhi. On 12 November 1969, the Prime Minister of India Indira Gandhi was expelled from the Congress party for violating the party discipline. The party finally split with Indira Gandhi setting up a rival organization, which came

title: Indian National Congress

text: only 44 seats of the 543-member Lok Sabha. From 2004 to 2014, United Progressive Alliance, a coalition of Congress with several regional parties, formed the Indian government led by Dr. Manmohan Singh, the Prime Minister as the head of the coalition government. The leader of the party during the period, Sonia Gandhi has served the longest term as the president of the party. , the party is in power in six legislative assemblies: Karnataka (in an alliance with the JD(S)), Punjab, Rajasthan, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh and the union territory of Puducherry (in an alliance with the DMK). The Indian National

title: Indian National Congress

text: (NSUI), the Indian Youth Congress — the party's youth wing, the Indian National Trade Union Congress, Mahila Congress, its women's division, and Congress Seva Dal—its voluntary organisation. Dynasticism is fairly common in many political parties in India,however,the congress can be described as dynastic party par excellence.Six members of the Nehru-Gandhi family have been presidents of the party.The party started turning into a family firm controlled by Indira Gandhi's family during the emergency.This was characterized by servility and sycophancy towards the family which later turned into hereditary succession of Gandhi family members to power. Since the formation of Congress(I) by Indira

title: History of the Indian National Congress

text: Mohandas Karmchand Gandhi, who later on became more popular as Mahatma Gandhi, had success in defeating the British in Champaran and Kheda, giving India its first victory in the struggle for freedom. Then Indian National Congress had supported that movement; Indians gained confidence in the working of that organization that the British could be thwarted through that organization, and millions of young people from across the country flooded into Congress membership. A whole class of political leaders disagreed with Gandhi. Bipin Chandra Pal, Muhammad Ali Jinnah, Annie Besant, Bal Gangadhar Tilak all criticized the idea of civil disobedience. But Gandhi

title: Indian National Congress (U)

text: Indian National Congress (U) The Indian National Congress (U) was a breakaway faction of the Indira Gandhi-led Congress (I), formed in July 1979 by D. Devaraj Urs, the then Chief Minister of Karnataka. Urs' explanation of the split was the return of Indira's son Sanjay Gandhi into the party fold. Urs took with him many legislators from Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra and Goa including future Union Ministers and Chief Ministers, Yashwantrao Chavan, Dev Kant Baruah, Kasu Brahmananda Reddy, A.K. Antony, Sharad Pawar, Sarat Chandra Sinha, Priyaranjan Das Munshi and K.P. Unnikrishnan. Subsequently Devaraj Urs joined Janata Party; Yashwantrao Chavan, Brahmananda Reddy,

title: Indian Youth Congress

text: Indian Youth Congress The Indian Youth Congress is the youth wing of the Indian National Congress party. The Indian Youth Congress was a department of the Indian National Congress from the period just after the Partition of India in 1947 until the late 1960s. While prime minister, Indira Gandhi gave the Youth Congress a new dimension by establishing it as a frontal organisation of the Congress Party, with the objective of doing social work and arguing against right-wing parties. Priya Ranjan Dasmunsi was the first elected governor of the Indian Youth Congress; he later became Minister of Information and Broadcasting

title: Indian National Congress

text: election, Congress leaders urged Sonia Gandhi, Rajiv Gandhi's widow, to assume leadership of the party. She had previously declined offers to become actively involved in party affairs, and had stayed away from politics. After her election as party leader, a section of the party that objected to the choice because of her Italian ethnicity broke away and formed the Nationalist Congress Party (NCP), led by Sharad Pawar. The breakaway faction commanded strong support in the state of Maharashtra and limited support elsewhere. The remainder continued to be known as the Indian National Congress. Sonia Gandhi struggled to revive the party

title: Indian Congress (Socialist)

text: Democratic Front. In 2007, Democratic Indira Congress (Left) led by M. A. John merged with this party. Indian Congress (Socialist) Indian Congress (Socialist) (IC(S)) also known as Congress (Secular) was a political party in India between 1978 and 1986. The party was formed through a split in the Indian National Congress. Initially the party was known as the Indian National Congress (Urs) and was led by D. Devraj Urs. It broke away from the parent party in 1978 following Indira Gandhi's drubbing in the 1977 General Elections. Urs took with him many legislators from Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra and Goa including

title: Indian Congress (Socialist)

text: Indian Congress (Socialist) Indian Congress (Socialist) (IC(S)) also known as Congress (Secular) was a political party in India between 1978 and 1986. The party was formed through a split in the Indian National Congress. Initially the party was known as the Indian National Congress (Urs) and was led by D. Devraj Urs. It broke away from the parent party in 1978 following Indira Gandhi's drubbing in the 1977 General Elections. Urs took with him many legislators from Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra and Goa including future Union Ministers and Chief Ministers A.K. Antony, Sharad Pawar, Dev Kant Baruah, Priyaranjan Das Munshi, Sarat

title: Malaysian Indian Congress

text: Gandhi's ideology and determined for fight for Indian independence. He was actively involved in the Indian nationalist movement when he returned to Malaya. He founded the Malaya Indian Congress (MIC only officially became known as Malaysian Indian Congress, after the formation of the Federation of Malaysia in 1963) in August 1946. The word 'Congress' in the name of Malaysian Indian Congress is taken from the Indian National Congress, the party that Mahatma Gandhi led to fight for Indian independence. After India gained independence in 1947, Malaysian Indian Congress changed its ideology and started to fight for Malaysian Independence. John Thivy

title: Natal Indian Congress

text: Natal Indian Congress The Natal Indian Congress (NIC) was an organisation that aimed to fight discrimination against Indians in South Africa. The Natal Indian Congress was founded by Mahatma Gandhi in 1894. A was put in place on 22 August 1894. Gandhi was the Honorary Secretary and Abdoola Hajee Adam Jhaveri (Dada Abdulla) was elected president. The Vice-Presidents were: Hajee Mahomed Hajee Dada, Abdool Kadir, Hajee Dada Hajee Habib, Moosa Hajee Adam, P. Dawjee Mahomed, Peeran Mahomed, Murugesa Pillay, Ramaswami Naidoo, Hoosen Miran, Adamjee Miankhan, K. R. Nayanah, Amod Bayat (P. M. Burg), Moosa Hajee Cassim, Mahomed Cassim Jeeva, Parsee

title: Rashtriya Samajwadi Congress

text: Rashtriya Samajwadi Congress Rashtriya Samajwadi Congress (RSC) (National Socialist Congress) was a political party in the Indian state of West Bengal from 1986 to 1989. RSC was founded by Indian National Congress leader Pranab Mukherjee who is the former President of India, as a result of the leadership struggle within the Indian National Congress after the demise of Indira Gandhi. Mukherjee was opposed to Rajiv Gandhi being appointed the prime minister of India. He saw himself as the rightful successor to the post due to his seniority within the party and was opposed to the dynastic nature of the transition.

title: Indian Youth Congress

text: and Parliamentary affairs in the Indian cabinet. Narayan Dutt Tiwari was the first President. During the 1970s, under the leadership of Sanjay Gandhi, the Youth Congress undertook activities such as tree plantation, family planning, and fought against domestic violence and dowry deaths. After the death of Sanjay Gandhi, Rajiv Gandhi took over in charge of the Youth Congress. After he became prime minister in 1984, Rajiv Gandhi reduced the voting age to 18. Rahul Gandhi was appointed a general secretary of the All India Congress Committee on 24 September 2007 and was given charge of the Indian Youth Congress along

title: Indian National Trade Union Congress

text: Indian National Trade Union Congress Indian National Trade Union Congress (INTUC) is the trade union wing of the Indian National Congress. It was founded 3 May 1947 and is affiliated with the International Trade Union Confederation. According to provisional statistics from the Ministry of Labour, INTUC had a membership of 3,892,011 in 2002. INTUC is widely accepted as a trade union that works with the management and is not a typical confrontational organisation. The foundation of INTUC on 3 May 1947 just 3 months before India attained independence. Acharya JB Kripalani, who was then President of the Indian National Congress

title: History of the Indian National Congress

text: founded at Gokuldas Tejpal Sanskrit College in Bombay, with 72 delegates in attendance. Hume assumed office as the General Secretary, and Womesh Chunder Bonnerjee of Calcutta was elected President. Besides Hume, two additional British members (both Scottish civil servants) were members of the founding group, William Wedderburn and Justice (later, Sir) John Jardine. The other members were mostly Hindus from the Bombay and Madras Presidencies. Even before independence of India, the Indian National Congress had well articulated foreign policy positions. In the words of Rejaul Karim Laskar, a scholar of Indian foreign policy and an ideologue of Indian National Congress,

title: British Committee of the Indian National Congress

text: British Committee of the Indian National Congress The British Committee of the Indian National Congress was established in Britain by the Indian National Congress in 1889. Its purpose was to raise awareness of Indian issues to the public in Britain, to whom the Government of India was responsible. It followed the work of W.C. Bonnerjee and Dadabhoi Naoroji, who raised India related issues in the British parliament through the support of radical MPs like Charles Bradlaugh. William Wedderburn served as the first chairmanship and William Digby as secretary. The decades following the 1857 rebellion were a period of growing political

title: Indian National Congress

text: moderates led by Gokhale, who downplayed public agitation, and the new extremists who advocated agitation, and regarded the pursuit of social reform as a distraction from nationalism. Bal Gangadhar Tilak, who tried to mobilise Hindu Indians by appealing to an explicitly Hindu political identity displayed in the annual public Ganapati festivals he inaugurated in western India, was prominent among the extremists. Congress included a number of prominent political figures. Dadabhai Naoroji, a member of the sister Indian National Association, was elected president of the party in 1886 and was the first Indian Member of Parliament in the British House of

title: History of the Indian National Congress

text: Nehru's favor. Kripalani, C. Rajagopalachari and Tandon were marginalized, and the Congress Party's election fortunes began depending solely on Nehru's leadership and popularity. With the 1952 election sweep, the Congress became India's main political party. Congress Leaders Website History of the Indian National Congress From its foundation on 28 December 1885 by A.O. Hume, a retired British officer, until the time India gained its independence on 15 August 1947, the Indian National Congress was considered to be the largest and most prominent Indian public organization, as well as the central and defining influence of the long Indian Independence Movement. After

title: History of the Indian National Congress

text: but did not wish to impede the national leadership; preferred to stay with Indian side. In the Assembly and Constitution debates, the Congress attitude was marked by inclusiveness and liberalism. The Government appointed some prominent Indians who were Raj loyalists and liberals to important offices, and did not adopt any punitive control over the Indian civil servants who had aided the Raj in its governance of India and suppression of nationalist activities. A Congress-dominated Assembly adopted B.R. Ambedkar, a fierce Congress critic as the chairman of the Constitution draft committee. Syama Prasad Mookerjee, a Hindu Mahasabha leader became the Minister

title: Indian National Congress

text: a cow with a suckling calf. Congress was structured in a hierarchical manner by Mohandas Gandhi's when he took charge as the president of the party in 1921. The party was a "broad church" during the independence movement; however, Jawarlal Nehru's descendants have turned the party into a "family firm" with hereditary succession. At present, the president and the All India Congress Committee (AICC) are elected by delegates from state and district parties at an annual national conference; in every Indian state and union territory—or "pradesh"—there is a Pradesh Congress Committee (PCC), which is the state-level unit of the party

title: Indian Youth Congress

text: In January 2015, Indian National Congress Vice President Rahul Gandhi directed nationwide protest against Land Acquisition Ordinance brought in by Indian Central government. The protest took place in various part of country. On 18 February, Indian Youth Congress protested against Vyapam Scam and Land Acquisition Ordinance near Madhya Pradesh Vidhan Sabha where they were charged with water canon in which several youth congress volunteers were hurt and arrested along with Indian Youth Congress National President Amrinder Singh Raja Warring. Indian Youth Congress The Indian Youth Congress is the youth wing of the Indian National Congress party. The Indian Youth Congress

title: History of the Indian National Congress

text: "Right after the establishment of the Indian National Congress, it started articulating its views on foreign affairs. In its first session in 1885, the Indian National Congress deplored the annexation of upper Burma by British Indian Government." Many Muslim community leaders, like the prominent educationalist Syed Ahmed Khan, viewed the Congress negatively, owing to its membership being dominated by Hindus. Orthodox Hindu community and religious leaders were also averse, seeing the Congress as supportive of Western cultural invasion. The ordinary people of India were not informed of or concerned about its existence on the whole, for the Congress never attempted

title: Indian National Congress

text: included several famous lawyers, including Bhulabhai Desai, Asaf Ali, and Jawaharlal Nehru. The same year, Congress members initially supported the sailors who led the Royal Indian Navy mutiny, but they withdrew support at a critical juncture and the mutiny failed. After Indian independence in 1947, the Indian National Congress became the dominant political party in the country. In 1952, in the first general election held after Independence, the party swept to power in the national parliament and most state legislatures. It held power nationally until 1977, when it was defeated by the Janata coalition. It returned to power in 1980

title: Indian National Democratic Congress

text: Party continued in the state. Forward Bloc members of the Tamil Nadu assembly sat in the Swatantra group and the group was led by Forward Bloc leader P.K. Mookiah Thevar. Indian National Democratic Congress The Congress Reform Committee was formed by a group of dissidents that left the Indian National Congress in the Madras State. The CRC was led by C. Rajagopalachari, who had been defeated by Kamaraj in the inner-party disputes over leadership of the Congress in Tamil Nadu. CRC was formed just one month before the 1957 elections to the Lok Sabha and the Madras state legislative assembly.

text: views. It also organised public meetings. The influence of its early works resulted in the Indian Councils Act 1892. However, its moderatist approach came in for criticism by politicians like Henry Hyndman, who advocated more radical approaches including "insurrection" and violence. Indian nationalists like Shyamji Krishna Varma castigated what he saw as the timid approach of the Congress' British committee. Krishna Varma later founded India House with the support of Hyndman and other radical Indian nationalists. To counter the "India", he began publishing his own radical journal called "The Indian Sociologist". British Committee of the Indian National Congress The British

title: Indian National Democratic Congress

text: Indian National Democratic Congress The Congress Reform Committee was formed by a group of dissidents that left the Indian National Congress in the Madras State. The CRC was led by C. Rajagopalachari, who had been defeated by Kamaraj in the inner-party disputes over leadership of the Congress in Tamil Nadu. CRC was formed just one month before the 1957 elections to the Lok Sabha and the Madras state legislative assembly. Soon CRC began cooperation with the All India Forward Bloc of U. Muthuramalingam Thevar. The CRC-AIFB combine contested 59 seats in the assembly election (54 candidates from CRC, 5 candidates

title: Fiji Indian National Congress

text: who had taken upon himself the responsibility of improving the status of the Indian community, formed another organisation with the same name. Vishnu Deo wrote to Jawaharlal Nehru, asking for a copy of the constitution on the Indian National Congress, saying that Indians in Fiji wanted to form a similar Congress and Nehru gave his blessing. On 7 October 1929, at a meeting in Lautoka organised by S. B. Patel, the two Congresses agreed to amalgamate and 7 November 1929 the amalgamation was formalised at a meeting in Suva. S. B. Patel wrote: We have a National Congress of Fiji.

title: History of the Indian National Congress

text: had the backing of the people and a whole new generation of Indian nationalists as well as British Raj. In a series of sessions in 1918, 1919 and 1920, where the old and the new generations clashed in famous and important debates, Gandhi and his young supporters imbued the Congress rank-and-file with passion and energy to combat British rule directly. With the tragedy of the 1919 Amritsar Massacre and the riots in Punjab, Indian anger and passions were palpable and radical. With the election of Mohandas K. Gandhi to the presidency of the Indian National Congress, the battle of the

title: Fiji Indian National Congress

text: following floods in 1930 caused the non-Hindu members to leave the Congress. Fiji Indian National Congress On the fiftieth anniversary of the arrival of the first Indians in Fiji, two different organisations called the Fiji Indian National Congress were formed in Fiji. The acting Governor of Fiji, Alfred W. Seymour, despite European opposition, declared 15 May as a public holiday and as a day of rejoicing. Vishnu Deo and his supporters wanted the day to be marked as a day of mourning and on 12 May, at a meeting in Lautoka, it was decided to form the Fiji Indian National

title: Fiji Indian National Congress

text: Fiji Indian National Congress On the fiftieth anniversary of the arrival of the first Indians in Fiji, two different organisations called the Fiji Indian National Congress were formed in Fiji. The acting Governor of Fiji, Alfred W. Seymour, despite European opposition, declared 15 May as a public holiday and as a day of rejoicing. Vishnu Deo and his supporters wanted the day to be marked as a day of mourning and on 12 May, at a meeting in Lautoka, it was decided to form the Fiji Indian National Congress. On 14 May, at another meeting in Suva, Dr Hamilton Beattie,

title: President of the Continental Congress

text: of Congress "bore no relationship" to the later office of President of the United States. As historian Edmund Burnett wrote: President of the Continental Congress The President of the Continental Congress was the presiding officer of the Continental Congress, the convention of delegates that emerged as the first (transitional) national government of the United States during the American Revolution. The president was a member of Congress elected by the other delegates to serve as a neutral discussion moderator during meetings of Congress. Designed to be a largely ceremonial position without much influence, the office was unrelated to the later office

title: Indian National Congress

text: to resist the worst effects of the global Economic crisis of 2008. Singh's government continued the Golden Quadrilateral, the Indian highway modernisation program that was initiated by Vajpayee's government. At present, Congress endorses a mixed economy in which the private sector and the state both direct the economy, which has characteristics of both market and planned economies. Congress advocates import substitution industrialisation—the replacement of foreign imports with domestic products. Congress believes the Indian economy should be liberalised to increase the pace of development. In 2005, the Congress-led government started the National Rural Health Mission, which employed about 500,000 community health

title: Indian National Congress

text: Sindh. The All-India Muslim League failed to form a government in any province. Congress ministries resigned in October and November 1939 in protest against Viceroy Lord Linlithgow's declaration that India was a belligerent in the Second World War without consulting the Indian people. In 1939, Subhas Chandra Bose, the elected president in both 1938 and 1939, resigned from Congress over the selection of the working committee. The party was not the sole representative of the Indian polity, other parties included the Akhil Bharatiya Hindu Mahasabha, and the All India Forward Bloc. The party was an umbrella organisation, sheltering radical socialists,

title: President of the Continental Congress

text: President of the Continental Congress The President of the Continental Congress was the presiding officer of the Continental Congress, the convention of delegates that emerged as the first (transitional) national government of the United States during the American Revolution. The president was a member of Congress elected by the other delegates to serve as a neutral discussion moderator during meetings of Congress. Designed to be a largely ceremonial position without much influence, the office was unrelated to the later office of President of the United States. Upon the ratification of the Articles of Confederation (the new nation's first constitution) in

title: Indian National Congress (Sheik Hassan)

text: INC(SH) is unclear. Indian National Congress (Sheik Hassan) Indian National Congress (Sheikh Hassan) was a group of politicians from Goa which broke away from the Opposition Indian National Congress on August 17, 2002. This group was led by the former Speaker of the Goa assembly, Haji Sheikh Hassan Haroon. Five members of the legislative assembly joined the split. The new party declared its support to the then Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)-Goa People's Congress government. However, four of the MLAs quickly deserted Sheikh Hassan and joined the BJP, the dominant partner of the then ruling coalition, which came to power in

title: Indian National Congress (Sheik Hassan)

text: Indian National Congress (Sheik Hassan) Indian National Congress (Sheikh Hassan) was a group of politicians from Goa which broke away from the Opposition Indian National Congress on August 17, 2002. This group was led by the former Speaker of the Goa assembly, Haji Sheikh Hassan Haroon. Five members of the legislative assembly joined the split. The new party declared its support to the then Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)-Goa People's Congress government. However, four of the MLAs quickly deserted Sheikh Hassan and joined the BJP, the dominant partner of the then ruling coalition, which came to power in Goa mainly by

title: Indian National Congress

text: elections, the party had lost much of its popular support, mainly because of several years of poor economic conditions in the country, and growing discontent over a series of corruption allegations involving government officials, including the 2G spectrum case and the Indian coal allocation scam. Congress won only 44 seats, which was its worst-ever performance in a national election and brought into question whether it would continue to be identified as an officially recognised party. Gandhi retired as party president in December 2017, having served for a record nineteen years. She was succeeded by her son Rahul Gandhi. , the

title: Indian National Congress

text: her Janata opponent Raj Narain. On 2 January 1978, she and her followers seceded and formed a new opposition party, popularly called Congress (I)—the "I" signifying Indira. During the next year, her new party attracted enough members of the legislature to become the official opposition. In November 1978, Gandhi regained a parliamentary seat. In January 1980, following a landslide victory for Congress (I), she was again elected prime minister. The national election commission declared Congress (I) to be the real Indian National Congress for the 1984 general election.However, the designation I was only dropped in 1996. During Gandhi's new term

text: awareness in India, moulding of Indian public opinion for self-governance, and emergence of Indian leadership at both national and provincial levels. Dadabhai Naoroji formed the East India Association in 1867 and Surendranath Banerjee founded the Indian National Association in 1876. The Congress was founded in 1885 by Indian and British members of the Theosophical Society movement, including Scotsman Allan Octavian Hume. Its objective was to obtain a greater share in government for educated Indians and to create a platform for civic and political dialogue between educated Indians and the British Raj. From its inception, the organisation met annually to express

title: Indian National Trade Union Congress

text: and mutual help among the workers. To develop in the workers a sense of responsibility towards the industry and community. To raise the workers' standard of efficiency and discipline. –mahadma taileros congrss Indian National Trade Union Congress Indian National Trade Union Congress (INTUC) is the trade union wing of the Indian National Congress. It was founded 3 May 1947 and is affiliated with the International Trade Union Confederation. According to provisional statistics from the Ministry of Labour, INTUC had a membership of 3,892,011 in 2002. INTUC is widely accepted as a trade union that works with the management and is

text: the previous two elections in 2004 and 2009, and so was campaigning to win the election for the third consecutive time. The result of this election were declared on 16 May, before the 15th Lok Sabha completed its constitutional mandate on 31 May 2014. Rahul Gandhi was appointed to head a six-member committee to formulate and implement alliances, the party manifesto, and general publicity for the election. On 19 January 2013, Rahul Gandhi was appointed the vice-president of the Indian National Congress at the Jaipur Declaration of Congress. The resolution to make Rahul the vice-president was moved by A. K.

title: History of the Indian National Congress

text: government. The committee declared the formation of the Congress' defence team for the INA and included famous lawyers of the time, including Bhulabhai Desai, Asaf Ali, and Jawaharlal Nehru. QUIT INDIA BILL passed on 8 Aug 1942. Some members of the Congress initially supported the sailors who led the Royal Indian Navy Mutiny. However, they withdrew support at the critical juncture, as the mutiny failed. Within the Congress, the Partition was opposed by Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan, Saifuddin Kitchlew, Dr. Khan Sahib and Congressmen from the provinces that would inevitably become parts of Pakistan. Maulana Azad opposed partition in principle,

title: History of the Indian National Congress

text: in the affairs of their own country – a precursor to "Swaraj". The All India Home Rule League was formed to demand dominion status within the Empire. But another Indian man with another way was destined to lead the Congress and the Indian struggle. Mohandas Gandhi was a lawyer who had successfully led the struggle of Indians in South Africa against British discriminatory laws. Returning to India in 1915, Gandhi looked to Indian culture and history, the values and lifestyle of its people to empower a new revolution, with the concept of non-violence, civil disobedience, he coined a term, "Satyagraha".

title: Indian National Congress

text: responsible for directing political campaigns at local and state levels, and assisting the campaigns for parliamentary constituencies. Each PCC has a working committee of twenty members, most of whom are appointed by the party president, the leader of the state party, who is chosen by the national president. Those elected as members of the states' legislative assemblies form the Congress Legislature Parties in the various state assemblies; their chairperson is usually the party's nominee for Chief Ministership. The party is also organised into various committees, and sections; it publishes a daily newspaper, the "National Herald". Despite being a party with

title: Indian Science Congress Association

text: actions on recommendations made in the previous Science Congress are discussed at a General Session organized by DST during the Science Congress. Through this process, the Indian Science Congress Association has been contributing to the development of Science in general and National Science Policy, in particular. The Indian Science Congress Association celebrated the seventy-fifth year of its inception, popularly called otherwise, Platinum Jubilee, in 1988, with Prof. C. N. R. Rao as General president. Keeping this in view, a special brochure, entitled "Indian Science Congress Association-Growth & Activities" was published so as to highlight the programmes of the Association over

title: Periyar E. V. Ramasamy and the Indian National Congress

text: Periyar E. V. Ramasamy and the Indian National Congress Periyar E. V. Ramasamy (, ) (17 September 1879 – 24 December 1973), also known as Ramaswami, EVR, Thanthai Periyar, or Periyar, was a Dravidian social reformer and politician from India, who founded the Self-Respect Movement and Dravidar Kazhagam. In 1919 Periyar Ramaswamy joined the Indian National Congress after quitting his business and resigning from public posts. He was the chairman of Erode Municipality and undertook Constructive Programs spreading the use of Khadi, picketing toddy shops, boycotting shops selling foreign cloth, and eradicating untouchability. In 1921, Periyar was imprisoned for picketing

title: National Indian Congress Early Petitions

text: the imjuilin 1896. Only a partial fragment of an initial is available. A was sent to protest the bill at its second reading in the Natal Legislative Assembly. The petition focussed on the ability of Indians for government regardless of formal education. It cited numerous quotations from British officials, as well as many examples of Indian government, such as the practice of Panchayat and the Mysore Assembly. National Indian Congress Early Petitions The National Indian Congress (NIC) submitted petitions and organized protests against legislation introduced that was discriminatory. Many of the earliest petitions are readily available as they were authored

title: President of the Trades Union Congress

text: the vice-president, Ebby Edwards, who had presided over the previous year's congress. In recent years, the President has once more been elected at the annual congress, but now officially fills the office for the remainder of the year and then presides over the following year's conference (in the years listed below). President of the Trades Union Congress The President of the Trades Union Congress is a prominent but largely honorary position in British trade unionism. Initially, the post of president was elected at the annual Trades Union Congress (TUC) itself, and would serve just for the duration of the congress.

text: G.O.No.1129 on 15 December 1928 by which Brahmins, non-Brahmins, Christians, Muslims and "depressed classes" were assured of proportionate representation in public offices. Periyar felt that the Brahmins, who formed a majority in the "Indian National Congress" and occupied the high posts, desired to dominate the party. Periyar was against the activities of the Brahmin leadership, which he felt, conspired to secure the high posts in the party for themselves and members of their community As soon as Periyar joined the "Indian National Congress", he tried to introduce the usage of khadi. However, he soon got the impression that the "Khadi

title: President of the Congress of Deputies

text: President of the Congress of Deputies The President of the Congress of Deputies () is the speaker of the Congress of Deputies, the lower house of Spain's "Cortes Generales". The current office was established in 1978 by Article 72, Section 2 of the Spanish Constitution, which states in part, "The Chambers shall choose their respective Presidents...". However, the position has a tradition of more than 200 years, since its creation in 1810 as President of the Cortes of Cadiz. The current president, of the XII Legislature, is Ana Pastor Julián, a member of the People's Party who was the incumbent

title: Indian National Congress

text: traditionalists, and Hindu and Muslim conservatives. Gandhi expelled all the socialist groupings, including the Congress Socialist Party, the Krishak Praja Party, and the Swarajya Party, along with Subhas Chandra Bose, in 1939. Azad Hind, an Indian provisional government, had been established in Singapore in 1943, and was supported by Japan. In 1946, the British tried the Indian soldiers who had fought alongside the Japanese during World War II in the INA trials. In response, Congress helped form the INA Defence Committee, which assembled a legal team to defend the case of the soldiers of the Azad Hind government. The team

title: Indian History Congress

text: Indian History Congress Indian History Congress is the largest professional and academic body of Indian historians with over 10,000 members. It was established in 1935. The name of any new applicant for membership needs to be proposed and seconded by existing Ordinary or Life Members. The lead to establish an all-India national congress of historians was taken by Poona historians during the period of British colonial rule. The first session took place in Bharat Itihas Sanshodhak Mandal, Poona, in 1935. Historians such as Datto Vaman Potdar, Surendra Nath Sen (who later became the first director of National Archives of India),

text: Indian Parliamentary Committee pressure group. In 1903, Henry Cotton, a radical politician, joined the committee and rapidly became the leading member of Labour party MPs who formed the core group of the parliamentary committee. Cotton's efforts championed, among others, the labour-rights of tea-plantation workers in Assam. Among other notable members of the committee was Keir Hardie. The British Committee of the Congress continued to function up to 1920, when it lost its support in the Congress due to a decline in moderatist membership, and it was abolished. The British Committee published the journal "India" as an organ for the Congress'

title: 49th National Conference of the African National Congress

text: 49th National Conference of the African National Congress The 49th National Conference of the ANC (African National Congress) took place from the 17 – 22 December 1994 in Bloemfontein. The conference was opened with an address by Nelson Mandela, who was the newly elected President of South Africa. This was the first National ANC conference in which the party was not in political opposition to the government. During the conference, Mandela was re-elected as ANC president and Jacob Zuma was elected as national chairman. In his opening remarks, Mandela reminded delegates of the journey they had been on to become,

text: National Indian Congress Early Petitions The National Indian Congress (NIC) submitted petitions and organized protests against legislation introduced that was discriminatory. Many of the earliest petitions are readily available as they were authored when Gandhi was the secretary of the organization and all of his works are available in . Franchise Law Amendment Bill A Franchise Law Amendment Bill, which deprived British Indians as they did what they did of any voting rights, was introduced in the Natal Assembly in 1894. As a result of NIC-led protests against the Franchise Act, the British Government does not sanction the Act, but

title: History of the Indian National Congress

text: October, Hume and a group of educated Indians published "An Appeal from the People of India to the Electors of Great Britain and Ireland" which asked British voters in the 1885 British general election to support candidates sympathetic to the positions of Indians. These included opposition to taxation of India to finance British campaigns in Afghanistan, and support for legislative reform in India. The appeal however, was a failure, and was interpreted by many Indians as "a rude shock, but a true realization that they had to fight their battles alone." On 28 December 1885, the Indian National Congress was

title: President of the Trades Union Congress

text: President of the Trades Union Congress The President of the Trades Union Congress is a prominent but largely honorary position in British trade unionism. Initially, the post of president was elected at the annual Trades Union Congress (TUC) itself, and would serve just for the duration of the congress. Early standing orders stated that preference had to be given to a candidate from the city where the congress was being held; they were not necessarily well-known figures. In 1900, the standing orders were changed to state that the presidency would be filled by the person who had chaired the Parliamentary

title: National Congress of Honduras

text: The President of the National Congress of Honduras is the presiding officer (speaker) of the National Congress of Honduras. National Congress of Honduras The National Congress (Spanish: "Congreso Nacional)" is the legislative branch of the government of Honduras. The Honduran Congress is a unicameral legislature. The nominal President of the National Congress of Honduras is currently Mauricio Oliva. Its members are 128 deputies, who are elected on a proportional representation basis, by department, to serve four-year terms. Congress meets in a purpose-built legislative palace "(Palacio Legislativo)" in the centre of Tegucigalpa. Of a modernist design, it is painted in an

title: Indian National Congress

text: Congress conducted its first session in Bombay from 28–31 December 1885 at the initiative of retired Civil Service officer Allan Octavian Hume. In 1883, Hume had outlined his idea for a body representing Indian interests in an open letter to graduates of the University of Calcutta. Its aim was to obtain a greater share in government for educated Indians, and to create a platform for civic and political dialogue between them and the British Raj. Hume took the initiative, and in March 1885 a notice convening the first meeting of the Indian National Union to be held in Poona the

title: Indian Congress

text: $40,000 was made available for the event in the Indian Appropriations Act by the President. That was a month after the rest of the Expo opened. Funding was also made available by the Bureau of American Ethnology, a part of the Smithsonian Institution. In 1898 W. A. Jones, the Commissioner of Indian Affairs, sent a letter to each Indian Agency to appeal for attendees. The purpose of the Indian Congress, as he stated, was: The entire Indian Congress was managed by ethnologist James Mooney and Army Captain William Mercer of the 8th U. S. Infantry, under the direction of the

text: electorate. Congress leaders like Dadabhai Naoroji and W.C. Bonnerjee had been able to enlist the support of radical MP Charles Bradlaugh to take up Indian issues in the British Parliament. In 1888 the Congress recruited an agency in Britain to publicise Indian issues to the British public. Headed by Digby, this organisation arranged public lectures in England and began public distribution of pamphlets highlighting issues in India. In July 1889, a permanent committee was established with Wedderburn as chairman and Digby as secretary. Bradlaugh died in 1891, but the British committee of the Congress had been able to establish an

title: Indian Congress (Socialist)

text: Chandra Sinha and K. P. Unnikrishnan. When Sharad Pawar took over the party presidency in October 1981, the name of the party was changed to Indian Congress (Socialist) In 1986, Pawar and his party rejoined the Indian National Congress. One section led by Sarat Chandra Sinha broke away from IC(S) in 1984 and formed a separate party known as Indian Congress (Socialist) - Sarat Chandra Sinha. This faction merged with Sharad Pawar's National Congress Party in 1999. However, in Kerala, the residual faction of Indian Congress (Socialist) led by Kadannappalli Ramachandran still exists and is a part of the Left

title: National Congress (Sudan)

text: National Congress (Sudan) The National Congress or National Congress Party (abbreviated NCP) (; "") is the political party that rules Sudan. After the split of the National Islamic Front (NIF), the party was divided into two parties. The Islamic Movement led by its secretary Hassan al-Turabi and a military led by Omar al-Bashir launched a military coup against President-elect Sadiq al-Mahdi in 1989, Omar al-Bashir who also became president of the National Congress Party and Sudan, who has seized power, and he began institutionalizing Sharia law at a national level. After a military coup in 1969, Sudanese President Gaafar Nimeiry

title: President of the Continental Congress

text: March 1781, the Continental Congress became the Congress of the Confederation. The membership of the Second Continental Congress carried over without interruption to the First Congress of the Confederation, as did the office of president. Fourteen men served as president of Congress between September 1774 and November 1788. They came from 9 of the original 13 states: Virginia (3), Massachusetts (2), Pennsylvania (2), South Carolina (2), Connecticut (1), Delaware (1), Maryland (1), New Jersey (1), and New York (1). The median age at the time of election was 47. The president of Congress was, by design, a position with little

title: President of the Congress of Colombia

text: President of the Congress of Colombia The President of the Congress of Colombia () is the leader of the Congress of the Republic of Colombia. The Presidency of Congress is assumed by the person elected as President of the Senate of Colombia by members of the Senate in an election held every year on July 20. The President of the Senate serves a term of one year without a chance for reelection in which s/he also assumes the presidency of Congress. The current President of Congress is Ernesto Macías since July 20, 2018. The President of Congress presides over general

title: President of the Continental Congress

text: difficulty establishing a quorum. President Hanson wanted to resign after only a week in office, but Congress lacked a quorum to select a successor, and so he stayed on. President Mifflin found it difficult to convince the states to send enough delegates to Congress to ratify the 1783 Treaty of Paris. For six weeks in 1784, President Lee did not come to Congress, but instead instructed secretary Charles Thomson to forward any papers that needed his signature. John Hancock was elected to a second term in November 1785, even though he was not then in Congress, and Congress was aware

title: Indian Congress

text: Indian Congress The Indian Congress occurred from August 4 to October 31, 1898 in Omaha, Nebraska, in conjunction with the Trans-Mississippi International Exposition. Occurring within a decade of the end of the Indian Wars, the Indian Congress was the largest gathering of American Indian tribes of its kind to that date. Over 500 members of 35 different tribes attended, including the Apache chief Geronimo, who was being held at Fort Sill as a United States prisoner of war. Frank A. Rinehart's photographs of the Indian Congress participants are regarded as one of the best photographic documentations of American Indian leaders

title: National Congress (Sudan)

text: with multiple political parties participating in ten years. His political rival was Vice President Salva Kiir Mayardit, who was also leader of the Sudan People's Liberation Army and subsequently became President of South Sudan. National Congress (Sudan) The National Congress or National Congress Party (abbreviated NCP) (; "") is the political party that rules Sudan. After the split of the National Islamic Front (NIF), the party was divided into two parties. The Islamic Movement led by its secretary Hassan al-Turabi and a military led by Omar al-Bashir launched a military coup against President-elect Sadiq al-Mahdi in 1989, Omar al-Bashir who

title: History of the Indian National Congress

text: (A political party of India (British India to Free India)) in order to form a platform for civic and political dialogue among educated Indians. After the Indian Rebellion of 1857, control of India was transferred from the East India Company to the British Empire. British-controlled India, known as the British Raj, or just the Raj, worked to try to support and justify its governance of India with the aid of English-educated Indians, who tended to more familiar with and friendly to British culture and political thinking. Ironically, a few of the reasons that the Congress grew and survived, particularly in

title: Indian People's Congress

text: political, social, economic and cultural forces that are advancing this cause, whether within India or outside India. Central Committee Members: (Mr. Anjani Sri Mourya Sunkavalli is also the President of Andhra Pradesh State Committee of Indian People's Congress) Indian People's Congress The Indian People's Congress (IPC) is a political party in India, registered with the Election Commission of India on March 30, 1993.The life and mission of Indian People's Congress is to serve the human evolutionary cause by providing better economic, political, social and cultural conditions without any distinction of nation, race, religion or ideology. In its mission, Indian People's

title: History of the Indian National Congress

text: unsuitable for Indian Muslims. When the British entered the British Indian Army into World War I, it provoked the first definitive, nationwide political debate of its kind in India. Voices calling for political independence grew in number. The divided Congress re-united in the pivotal Lucknow session in 1916, with efforts of Bal Gangadhar Tilak and Muhammad Ali Jinnah. Tilak had considerably moderated his views, and now favoured political dialogue with the British. He, along with the young Muhammad Ali Jinnah and Mrs. Annie Besant launched the Home Rule Movement to put forth Indian demands for "Home Rule" – Indian participation

title: President of the Continental Congress

text: official resignation, when Congress selected a successor. When Peyton Randolph, who was elected in September 1774 to preside over the First Continental Congress, was unable to attend the last few days of the session due to poor health, Henry Middleton was elected to replace him. When the Second Continental Congress convened the following May, Randolph was again chosen as president, but he returned to Virginia two weeks later to preside over the House of Burgesses. John Hancock was elected to fill the vacancy, but his position was somewhat ambiguous, because it was not clear if Randolph had resigned or was

title: History of the Indian National Congress

text: – Madras, Bombay, Bengal, and Punjab region shaped the demand of the people and India's nationalism. The moderates, led by Gopal Krishna Gokhale, Pherozeshah Mehta, and Dadabhai Naoroji, held firm to calls for negotiations and political dialogue. Gokhale criticized Tilak for encouraging acts of violence and disorder. The Congress of 1906 did not have public membership, and thus Tilak and his supporters were forced to leave the party. With Tilak's arrest, all hopes for an Indian offensive were stalled. The Congress lost credit with the people. Muslims formed the All India Muslim League in 1906, considering the Congress as completely

title: All French Indian Congress

text: National Congress charged that the new party was dominated by communists, whilst the accused replied by questioning the national character of the older party. In the end French authorities banned foreign citizens from speaking at public meetings. All French Indian Congress The All French Indian Congress was a political party in French India. The organization was founded in 1946 by Muthu Venkatapathy Reddiar and C.A. Rathinam, as a rival organization to the established French India National Congress. There were no significant political differences between the two parties, though. The All French Indian Congress was supposed to have been inaugurated by

title: National Executive Committee of the African National Congress

text: National Executive Committee of the African National Congress The National Executive Committee of the African National Congress is the chief executive organ of the South African political party, the African National Congress. It is elected at every National Conference; the executive committee, in turn, elects a National Working Committee for day-to-day decision-making responsibilities. On 22 September 2008, ANC chose deputy leader Kgalema Motlanthe to replace Thabo Mbeki as president until at least April 2009, when new elections will be held. ANC parliamentary caucus Spokesman KK Khumalo said: "Motlanthe will be the president, not interim, he will be the president of

title: Indian National Council

text: Indian National Council The Indian National Council was an organisation founded in December 1941 in Bangkok by Indian Nationalists residing in Thailand. The organisation was founded from the Thai-Bharat Cultural Lodge on 22 December 1941. The founding president of the Council was Swami Satyananda Puri, along with Debnath Das as the founding secretary. Along with the Indian Independence League, it came to be one of the two prominent Indian associations that corresponded with I Fujiwara's F Kikan on the scopes of Japanese assistance to the Indian movement. However, the Indian National Council emphasised solidarity with the Indian National Congress and,

title: Indian Youth Congress

text: and losing the support of the majority. On 14 January 2013 more than hundred Youth Congress activists staged protests across India against Pakistan and its army outside the old customs gate at the Attari border over the killing of two Indian soldiers by Pakistani forces. In August, 2012 the Pradesh Youth Congress Jammu and Kashmir launched a statewide protest against the Government led by National Conference for the implementation of the 73rd and 74th Amendments to the Constitution of India relating to Panchayti Raj in Jammu and Kashmir. The protests were led by J&K youth Congress president Mohammad Shahnawaz Choudhary.

title: Indian National Congress

text: Purna Swaraj (complete independence) was declared as the party's goal, declaring 26 January 1930 as "Purna Swaraj Diwas" (Independence Day). The same year, Srinivas Iyenger was expelled from the party for demanding full independence, not just home rule as demanded by Gandhi. After the passage of the Government of India Act of 1935, provincial elections were held in India in the winter of 1936–37 in eleven provinces: Madras, Central Provinces, Bihar, Orissa, United Provinces, Bombay Presidency, Assam, NWFP, Bengal, Punjab, and Sindh. After contesting these elections, the Indian National Congress gained power in eight of them except Bengal, Punjab, and

title: 52nd National Conference of the African National Congress

text: 52nd National Conference of the African National Congress The 52nd National Conference of the African National Congress (ANC) was held in Polokwane, Limpopo from 16 December – 20 December 2007. It elected Jacob Zuma and supporters to the party's top leadership and National Executive Committee (NEC), representing a significant defeat for Thabo Mbeki, then the party's incumbent president and president of the country. The conference was significant as a precursor to the general election of 2009, in which the newly elected leader of the ANC, the current majority party in the national parliament, became the next President of South Africa.

title: All French Indian Congress

text: All French Indian Congress The All French Indian Congress was a political party in French India. The organization was founded in 1946 by Muthu Venkatapathy Reddiar and C.A. Rathinam, as a rival organization to the established French India National Congress. There were no significant political differences between the two parties, though. The All French Indian Congress was supposed to have been inaugurated by M. Bhakthavatsalam on September 30, at a meeting presided by K. Kamaraj. These plans infuriated the French India National Congress, which deplored the involvement of the Tamil Nadu Congress in supporting the rival organization. The French India

title: President of the Congress of Colombia

text: debates and also delegates duties to other members of Congress of the same political party. Aside from duties relating to heading Congress and the majority political party or coalition, the President also performs administrative and procedural functions, and remains the Representative of his or her congressional representation. Among his/her other functions is to lead the Administrative Directorate of Congress with the assistance of two Vice Presidents of Congress, a Secretary General and other staff to organize the internal functioning of the senate. President of the Congress of Colombia The President of the Congress of Colombia () is the leader of

title: Indian National Congress

text: of issues. The two major issues were Gandhi supporting the independent candidate, V. V. Giri, rather than the official Congress party candidate, Neelam Sanjiva Reddy, for the vacant post of the President of India. The second issue was Mrs. Gandhi's abrupt nationalization of the 14 biggest banks in India, which resulted in the resignation of the finance minister, Morarji Desai. Later in the year, the Congress party president, S. Nijalingappa, expelled her from the party for indiscipline. Mrs. Gandhi as a counter-move launched her own faction of the INC. Mrs. Gandhi's faction, called Congress (R), was supported by most of

title: 54th National Conference of the African National Congress

text: 54th National Conference of the African National Congress The 54th National Conference of the African National Congress (ANC) took place from 16 to 20 December 2017 in the Expo Centre Johannesburg at Nasrec, Gauteng, as the elective conference to elect the members of the National Executive Committee (NEC) as well as other major party officials. On 18 December 2017, Cyril Ramaphosa, the incumbent Deputy President of the ANC since 2012 and Deputy President of South Africa since 2014, was elected as President of the ANC, narrowly defeating Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma. Following Jacob Zuma's resignation in February 2018, Ramaphosa was elected unopposed

title: President of the Continental Congress

text: one-year term was John Hanson (November 5, 1781 to November 4, 1782). Terms and backgrounds of the 14 persons who served as president of the Continental Congress: Because Hanson was the first president to serve under the Articles of Confederation, his grandson later promoted him as the "first President of the United States" and waged a successful campaign to have Hanson's statue placed in Statuary Hall in the US Capitol, even though, according to historian Gregory Stiverson, Hanson was not one of Maryland's foremost leaders of the Revolutionary era. In reality, beyond a similarity of title, the office of president

title: President of the Continental Congress

text: authority. The Continental Congress, fearful of concentrating political power in an individual, gave their presiding officer even less responsibility than the speakers in the lower houses of the colonial assemblies. Unlike some colonial speakers, the president of Congress could not, for example, set the legislative agenda or make committee appointments. The president could not meet privately with foreign leaders; such meetings were held with committees or the entire Congress. The presidency was a largely ceremonial position. There was no salary. The primary role of the office was to preside over meetings of Congress, which entailed serving as an impartial moderator

title: 50th National Conference of the African National Congress

text: 50th National Conference of the African National Congress The 50th ANC national conference was held in Mafikeng (Mahikeng), North West Province from December 16–20, 1997. More than 3,000 delegates attended the conferences voted to choose their leaders among 200 candidates for the 60-member committee. Emphasizing his intention to retire, President Nelson Mandela rejected a nomination during the proceedings. Thabo Mbeki was elected the new President of the ANC. With respect to the top six positions in the African National Congress, only two of those positions had contested elections. Thabo Mbeki was elected unopposed as ANC President and Jacob Zuma became

title: 53rd National Conference of the African National Congress

text: between two candidates at the national level since the 52nd National Conference of the African National Congress, when Zuma deposed then president Thabo Mbeki, and the 38th National Conference of the African National Congress in 1949, a watershed moment in the party's history when the moderate leadership was displaced by such figures as Nelson Mandela, Oliver Tambo and Walter Sisulu. The buildup to the 53rd conference saw rivalry for the presidency of the ANC between Jacob Zuma and Kgalema Motlanthe. The 53rd conference re-elected Jacob Zuma as the president of the ANC. All of the top six NEC positions (President,

title: President of the Continental Congress

text: Congress. The length of a presidential term was ultimately codified by Article Nine of the Articles of Confederation, which authorized Congress "to appoint one of their number to preside; provided that no person be allowed to serve in the office of president more than one year in any term of three years". When the Articles went into effect in March 1781, however, the Continental Congress did not hold an election for a new president under the new constitution. Instead, Samuel Huntington continued serving a term that had already exceeded the new Term limit. The first president to serve the specified

title: Kenya Indian Congress

text: Kenya Indian Congress The Kenya Indian Congress (KIC) was a political party in Kenya. The party was established at a meeting on 7 March 1914 as the East African Indian National Congress (EAINC), and initially aimed to represent Indian interests across British East Africa, although it largely focussed on Kenya. It called for equality between Indians and Europeans, advocating the inclusion of Indians on the same roll as Europeans in elections and that Asians be allowed to farm in the White Highlands. The EAINC encouraged Indian immigration to Kenya, and became involved in humanitarian work in the 1930s, providing aid

text: the republic until the election." The South African constitution provides that "parliament elects the president from among its members, dominated by the ANC since 1994." National Executive Committee of the African National Congress The National Executive Committee of the African National Congress is the chief executive organ of the South African political party, the African National Congress. It is elected at every National Conference; the executive committee, in turn, elects a National Working Committee for day-to-day decision-making responsibilities. On 22 September 2008, ANC chose deputy leader Kgalema Motlanthe to replace Thabo Mbeki as president until at least April 2009, when