query: what type of government does iraq have 2012?

title: Federal government of Iraq

text: affairs of the federal public service, including appointment and promotion. Federal government of Iraq The federal government of Iraq is defined under the current Constitution, approved in 2005, as an Islamic, democratic, federal parliamentary republic. The federal government is composed of the executive, legislative, and judicial branches, as well as numerous independent commissions. Article 114 of the Constitution of Iraq provided that no new region may be created before the Iraqi National Assembly has passed a law that provides the procedures for forming the region. A law was passed in October 2006 after an agreement was reached with the Iraqi

title: Federal government of Iraq

text: Federal government of Iraq The federal government of Iraq is defined under the current Constitution, approved in 2005, as an Islamic, democratic, federal parliamentary republic. The federal government is composed of the executive, legislative, and judicial branches, as well as numerous independent commissions. Article 114 of the Constitution of Iraq provided that no new region may be created before the Iraqi National Assembly has passed a law that provides the procedures for forming the region. A law was passed in October 2006 after an agreement was reached with the Iraqi Accord Front to form the constitutional review committee and to

title: Law of Iraq

text: Law of Iraq The Republic of Iraq's legal system is in a period of transition in light of the 2003 invasion that led to the fall of the Baath Party. Iraq does have a written constitution, as well as a civil, criminal and personal status law. In September 2008, the Iraqi Legal Database, a comprehensive database that makes all Iraqi positive law freely available (only in Arabic) to users online, was launched. The current Constitution of Iraq was approved in a national referendum in October 2005 and stipulates the format of the new republican government, and the rights, and responsibilities

title: Federal government of Iraq

text: legislative branch is composed of the Council of Representatives and a Federation Council. As of August 2012, the Federation Council had not yet come into existence. The Council of Representatives is the main elected body of Iraq. The Constitution defines the "number of members at a ratio of one representative per 100,000 Iraqi persons representing the entire Iraqi people." The members are elected for terms of 4 years. The council elects the President of Iraq; approves the appointment of the members of the Federal Court of Cassation, the Chief Public Prosecutor, and the President of Judicial Oversight Commission on proposal

title: History of Iraq

text: and Colonel Abdul Salam Arif overthrew the Hashimite monarchy on July 14, 1958. The new government proclaimed Iraq to be a republic and rejected the idea of a union with Jordan. Iraq's activity in the Baghdad Pact ceased. In 1961, Kuwait gained independence from Britain and Iraq claimed sovereignty over Kuwait. A period of considerable instability followed. The same year, Mustafa Barzani, who had been invited to return to Iraq by Qasim three years earlier, began engaging Iraqi government forces and establishing Kurdish control in the north in what was the beginning of the First Kurdish Iraqi War. Qāsim was

title: Bahrain–Iraq relations

text: consulate general in Najaf, while Iraq is represented through its embassy in Manama. Bahrain–Iraq relations Bahrain–Iraq relations refers to the historic and current bilateral relationship between the Kingdom of Bahrain and the Republic of Iraq. In recent years relations between the two have been mixed, with the Bahraini government criticizing what it sees as Iraq's interference in its internal affairs, especially since the 2011 unrest. Both countries are part of the Organization for Islamic Cooperation. The current ambassador of the Kingdom of Bahrain in Iraq is Salah Al Maliki, while the current ambassador of the Republic of Iraq in Bahrain

title: Bahrain–Iraq relations

text: Bahrain–Iraq relations Bahrain–Iraq relations refers to the historic and current bilateral relationship between the Kingdom of Bahrain and the Republic of Iraq. In recent years relations between the two have been mixed, with the Bahraini government criticizing what it sees as Iraq's interference in its internal affairs, especially since the 2011 unrest. Both countries are part of the Organization for Islamic Cooperation. The current ambassador of the Kingdom of Bahrain in Iraq is Salah Al Maliki, while the current ambassador of the Republic of Iraq in Bahrain is Ahmed Nayef Rasheed Al-Dulaimi. Bahrain maintains an embassy in Baghdad and a

title: Georgia–Iraq relations

text: Georgia–Iraq relations Georgia—Iraq relations refers to the bilateral relations of the Republic of Georgia and the Republic of Iraq. Georgia does not have an embassy in Baghdad, but Iraq does have an embassy in Tbilisi, the Georgian capitol. The current ambassador of Iraq to Georgia is Hussein Abbas Hussein Taan. Georgia joined the Iraq War as part of the United States-led coalition in August 2003. By 2008, Georgia had deployed 2,300 troops in Iraq, becoming the third largest contributor to the coalition forces in the Iraq War. In addition, the country provided a battalion of approximately 550 troops to the

title: Belarus–Iraq relations

text: Belarus–Iraq relations Belarus—Iraq relations refers to the bilateral relations of the Republic of Belarus and the Republic of Iraq. Belarus does not have an embassy in Baghdad, but it does maintain a consulate in Erbil. Iraq has an embassy in Minsk. The last Ambassador of Iraq to Belarus was Haidar Hadi who served from July 2010 to November 2015. Since his post expired, there has been no Iraqi Ambassador in Belarus. Both are members of the Non-Aligned Movement. The President of Belarus, Alexander Lukashenko, was one of the strongest supporters of Saddam Hussein. There are accusations that Belarus and Iraq

title: What Kate Does

text: week." VanDerWerff of the "LA Times", Ryan of the "Chicago Tribune", Sepinwall of "The Star-Ledger", Jensen of "Entertainment Weekly" and Mark Medley of the "National Post" also found the episode to contain humorous lines. This episode was watched by 11 million American viewers and 1.57 million Canadian viewers. What Kate Does "What Kate Does" is the 106th television episode of the American Broadcasting Company's "Lost" and third episode of the sixth season. It was written by executive producers Edward Kitsis and Adam Horowitz and directed in September 2009 by Paul Edwards. "What Kate Does" was first aired February 9, 2010,

title: What Kate Does

text: What Kate Does "What Kate Does" is the 106th television episode of the American Broadcasting Company's "Lost" and third episode of the sixth season. It was written by executive producers Edward Kitsis and Adam Horowitz and directed in September 2009 by Paul Edwards. "What Kate Does" was first aired February 9, 2010, on ABC in the United States and on CTV in Canada. Kate Austen is the character on whom the episode is centered. In December 2007, Kate Austen chases after James "Sawyer" Ford (Josh Holloway), who escapes from the Others' captivity in the island's temple and is grieving over

title: History of Iraq (2003–2011)

text: the interim government (e.g., the Coalition Provisional Authority) formed under the occupation. The insurgency grew during the period between the invasion of Iraq and the establishment of a new Iraqi government. In late June 2003 there was some public debate in the U.S. as to whether the insurgency could be characterized as a guerrilla war. On 17 June, Army Gen. John P. Abizaid said that forces in Iraq were "conducting what I would describe as a classical guerrilla-type campaign against us. It's low-intensity conflict in our doctrinal terms, but it's war however you describe it." In a statement to Congress

title: What She Does Best

text: What She Does Best What She Does Best is a studio album by country singer Lynn Anderson, released in 1988. It was her only album with Mercury records. Notable due to featuring her last charting single, "What She Does Best" did not chart and was commercially unsuccessful. It would be her last album for four years, as Anderson went into a brief retirement and officially retired from releasing singles. The singles from this disc were "Under the Boardwalk" (a cover version of The Drifters' hit), "What He Does Best", and "How Many Hearts". "Under the Boardwalk" reached No. 24; the

title: 23 July 2012 Iraq attacks

text: Al Qaeda, seeking to gain control of the country following the departure of the American forces. An announcement purported to be from Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, the current leader of al-Qaeda in Iraq known as the Islamic State of Iraq (ISI), had been broadcast on 21 July 2012; in the announcement, al-Baghdadi declared the intention towards a new offensive to retake the country, a move claimed to be supported by the Sunni population of Iraq. Previous attacks that have targeted the security forces have been attributed to al-Qaeda. On 25 July 2012, the Islamic State of Iraq posted a statement on

title: What Kate Does

text: reviews"; however, this was down significantly from the previous episode's 89 and Bonnie Covel of About.com noted that " 'What Kate Does' brought us a bit of negativity. In general, fans just didn't like the episode". "What Kate Does" was largely considered to be a step down from the season premiere in pacing, revelations and writing; Mike Hale of "The New York Times" described the episode as "contemplative", "anticlimactic" and "subdued" and the flash sideways as "kind of boring and seemingly pointless." Chris Carabott of IGN, who gave the episode a score of 7.3 summed up that " 'What Kate

title: What She Does Best

text: other singles charted far outside the Top 40. "How Many Hearts" was the last single Anderson released, and it peaked at No. 69 on the country charts in 1989. The album's cover shows Anderson leaning on a fancy sports car, wearing a classic 1980s outfit. What She Does Best What She Does Best is a studio album by country singer Lynn Anderson, released in 1988. It was her only album with Mercury records. Notable due to featuring her last charting single, "What She Does Best" did not chart and was commercially unsuccessful. It would be her last album for four

title: Media of Iraq

text: a general rule, online sources publish mainly political news. Any news pertaining to the activities of government officials is prioritized; rarely does any other type of headline appear front-and-center. Economy and oil-related news comes in a clear second place, often announcing whenever contracts are signed and with which companies to develop which oil fields. Other prominent areas of coverage in Iraq's online news outlets are security events, the activities of the US that concern Iraq, parliamentary proceedings and the stalling legislative process, and to a lesser extent, media and education issues. The area that gets the least coverage while deserving

title: What Kate Does

text: doesn't quite know how to write a woman of action who's also in love … many of the show's Kate flashbacks are just plain silly … there have been a lot of pretty dire Kate episodes." Whitney Matheson of "USA Today" said that she "wanted to stab Kate with a hot poker" after watching "What Kate Does". Josh Holloway's supporting performance as a grieving Sawyer was commended by Carabott of IGN, who said that his acting on the dock as he cried and revealed to Kate that he was going to ask Juliet to marry him was "one of Josh

title: What Does the K Stand For?

text: feel less like real people than excuses to weave in a few good dad jokes". Overall, Elan found, "What lifts the show are the elements of diaspora life weaved throughout, as when Aunty Princess visits from Nigeria and accuses Virginia [Stephen's mother] of cultural betrayal ('You have adopted too many fine and fancy British ways'). Stephen defends the family by suggesting she should 'go back home', prompting him to reflect that he has turned into his own racist enemy. It's unexpectedly thoughtful stuff, suggesting the third series may be even better." What Does the K Stand For? What Does the

title: Christianity in Iraq

text: well as other ethnicities who have settled in Iraq from previous occupations. Christians in Iraq are not allowed to proselytise, especially to Muslims. Muslims who convert to Christianity are subject to societal and official pressure, which may lead to the death penalty. However, there have been cases in which Muslims have secretly adopted the Christian faith, becoming practising Christians, but are legally Muslims; thus, the statistics of Iraqi Christians does not include Muslim converts to Christianity. In Northern Iraq, Christians are allowed to proselytise. An important change necessary in the government of Iraq would be to legally account the Christians

title: P.S.K. What Does It Mean?

text: P.S.K. What Does It Mean? "P.S.K. What Does It Mean?" (also written as "P.S.K. (What Does It Mean?)") is a song released in 1985 by Philadelphia rapper Schoolly D on his independent label Schoolly D Records. P.S.K. is the abbreviation for Park Side Killas, a street gang with which Schoolly D was affiliated. The highly influential song is considered the first hardcore rap song and features incidents of graphic sex, gunplay, drug references and one of the first uses of the word "nigga" in a rap song (earlier uses include "Scoopy Rap" and "Family Rap" in 1979, and "New York

title: What Difference Does It Make?

text: What Difference Does It Make? "What Difference Does It Make?" is a song by the English rock band the Smiths, written by singer Morrissey and guitarist Johnny Marr. It was the band's third single and is featured on their debut album, "The Smiths". A different version, recorded for the John Peel Show on BBC Radio 1, is included in the compilation album "Hatful of Hollow". The song was one of the band's first significant chart hits, peaking at No. 12 in the UK Singles Chart. However, Morrissey has said "What Difference Does It Make?" is among his least favourite songs

title: What Does Anything Mean? Basically

text: of its icy church keyboards and delay-ridden guitars". Chris Jenkins, in the book "The Rough Guide to Rock", however, called it "as half-baked as its title". What Does Anything Mean? Basically What Does Anything Mean? Basically is the second studio album by English post-punk band the Chameleons. It was recorded in January 1985 and released 1 October 1985 by record label Statik. One single was released from the album: "Singing Rule Britannia (While the Walls Close In)". "What Does Anything Mean? Basically" was recorded in January 1985 at Highland Studios in Inverness, Scotland. The album's sole single, "Singing Rule Britannia

title: What Does Anything Mean? Basically

text: What Does Anything Mean? Basically What Does Anything Mean? Basically is the second studio album by English post-punk band the Chameleons. It was recorded in January 1985 and released 1 October 1985 by record label Statik. One single was released from the album: "Singing Rule Britannia (While the Walls Close In)". "What Does Anything Mean? Basically" was recorded in January 1985 at Highland Studios in Inverness, Scotland. The album's sole single, "Singing Rule Britannia (While the Walls Close In)", was released on 1 August 1985. This song used uncredited Lennon-McCartney lyrics, with the final passage of the song quoting key

title: What Difference Does It Make?

text: and the covers featuring Morrissey are now very rare and collectible. "What Difference Does It Make?" was released without an accompanying music video. Speaking to Tony Fletcher on "The Tube" in 1984, Morrissey remarked that he felt that the video market was something that was going to "die very quickly", and that he wanted to "herald the death" of it. What Difference Does It Make? "What Difference Does It Make?" is a song by the English rock band the Smiths, written by singer Morrissey and guitarist Johnny Marr. It was the band's third single and is featured on their debut

title: Transport in Iraq

text: Rivers have navigable sections for shallow-draft watercraft; the Shatt al Basrah canal was navigable by shallow-draft craft before closing in 1991 because of the Gulf War. crude oil 5,432 km; natural gas 2,455 km; refined products 1,637 km; liquid petroleum gas 913 km "total:" 32 ships (with a volume of or over) totaling / <br>"ships by type:" cargo ship 14, passenger ship 1, passenger/cargo 1, petroleum tanker 13, refrigerated cargo 1, roll-on/roll-off ship 2 (1999 est.) Iraq has about 104 airports as of 2012. Major airports include: 20 (2012) Transport in Iraq Transport in Iraq consists of railways, highways, waterways,

title: P.S.K. What Does It Mean?

text: was first used on the song "Rock 'N' Roll" which later became "You'll Be Under My Wheels". The second time they used it is from a song called "Lyrical Terrorist" which later became "Serial Thrilla", but it was soon used on the album "The Day Is My Enemy". P.S.K. What Does It Mean? "P.S.K. What Does It Mean?" (also written as "P.S.K. (What Does It Mean?)") is a song released in 1985 by Philadelphia rapper Schoolly D on his independent label Schoolly D Records. P.S.K. is the abbreviation for Park Side Killas, a street gang with which Schoolly D was

title: 2012–13 Iraq FA Cup

text: 2012–13 Iraq FA Cup The 2012–13 Iraq FA Cup was the 26th occurrence of the Iraq FA Cup, the main domestic cup in Iraqi football. It was the first edition held since the 2002–03 season. The tournament was abandoned before the start of the Round of 16, because of scheduling difficulties the Iraq Football Association had with the 2012–13 Iraqi Elite League. The cup starts with a qualifying round of 13 teams from the Iraq Division One, 12 of which play against each other and one of which proceeds to the playoff round. The playoff round gets played between three

title: 9 September 2012 Iraq attacks

text: 32 and injuring 102 others. Iraqi sources later revised the death toll to at least 51. Numerous attacks were conducted within hours of each other on 9 September 2012 across Baghdad and several provinces in Iraq. In total, at least 108 were killed and 371 injured across the country. The Islamic State of Iraq claimed responsibility for the attacks in a statement posted online, saying they were in response to the "campaign of extermination and torture of Sunni Muslim detainees in Safavid prisons". The Iraqi government executed at least 26 people in August, many of them on terrorism charges. 9

title: What Kate Does

text: the death of his love Juliet Burke (Elizabeth Mitchell) just hours earlier. In flash sideways to September 22, 2004, Kate assists a pregnant Claire Littleton (Emilie de Ravin) while on the run as a fugitive. The title alludes to the second season episode "What Kate Did". "What Kate Does" was watched by eleven million Americans and received mixed reviews by audiences and critics alike. In flash sideways, Kate Austen (Evangeline Lilly) flees LAX in a taxicab she has hijacked, in which a pregnant Claire Littleton (Emilie de Ravin) is a passenger. The cab driver (David H. Lawrence XVII) bails and

title: Iranian intervention in Iraq (2014–present)

text: University has explained that "the West is helpless and does not know what to do against the Islamic State" and that it will ultimately conclude it has no choice but to ally with Iran. Iranian intervention in Iraq (2014–present) Following the advance of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) into northern Iraq in mid-2014, Iran began to provide military aid to counter the militant advance. Iran provided technical advisers to the Iraqi government and weapons to the Kurdish peshmerga. Several sources, among them Reuters, believe that since mid-June 2014, Iranian combat troops are in Iraq, which Iran

title: Iraq at the 2012 Summer Olympics

text: however, failed to win an Olympic medal since the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome, where Abdul Wahid Aziz won the bronze for weightlifting. Iraq has been given a wild card. Iraq has gained an "Universality place" from the FINA. Iraq has qualified one weightlifter. Iraq has been given a wild card. Iraq at the 2012 Summer Olympics The Middle Eastern nation of Iraq competed at the 2012 Summer Olympic Games in London, from 27 July to 12 August 2012. This was the nation's thirteenth appearance at the Olympics since its debut at the 1948 Summer Olympics in the same host

title: War on Iraq: What Team Bush Doesn't Want You to Know

text: War on Iraq: What Team Bush Doesn't Want You to Know War on Iraq: What Team Bush Doesn't Want You to Know is short book, written in 2002, by William Rivers Pitt and featuring an extensive interview with former United Nations weapons inspector Scott Ritter. In it Pitt and Ritter examine the Bush administration's justifications for war with Iraq and call for a diplomatic solution instead of war. Ritter argues that Iraq once possessed many unconventional arms but they have either been destroyed or degraded. Therefore, the government's claims that Iraq had vast stockpiles of "weapons of mass destruction" were

title: 20 March 2012 Iraq attacks

text: group Islamic State of Iraq almost immediately claimed responsibility for the bombings and promised further bloodshed as it targets Shiites across Iraq. The country is set to host the postponed Arab League Summit on 29 March, in the midst of a surge of violence and a rise in civilian and security casualties since the withdrawal of US forces. 20 March 2012 Iraq attacks The 20 March 2012 Iraq attacks were the sixth simultaneous wave of bombings to hit Iraq during the insurgency and the second such major assault since the US withdrawal at the end of 2011. At least 50

title: Iraq

text: to Iraq; but the initial protests did not topple the government. The Iraqi National Movement, reportedly representing the majority of Iraqi Sunnis, boycotted Parliament for several weeks in late 2011 and early 2012, claiming that the Shiite-dominated government was striving to sideline Sunnis. In 2012 and 2013, levels of violence increased and armed groups inside Iraq were increasingly galvanised by the Syrian Civil War. Both Sunnis and Shias crossed the border to fight in Syria. In December 2012, Sunni Arabs protested against the government, whom they claimed marginalised them. During 2013, Sunni militant groups stepped up attacks targeting the Iraq's

title: Censorship in Iraq

text: Censorship in Iraq Censorship in Iraq has changed under different regimes, most recently due to the 2003 invasion of Iraq. The penal code of Iraq does have some provisions that do address the issue of censorship. In 2003, the Iraqi penal code was reverted to its 1988 edition with some revisions drafted by Paul Bremer and later the Iraqi national government. Several provisions in the current penal code address the limitations placed on the freedom of the press and communicative media, namely; Paragraph 215 – Any person who produces, imports, exports or obtains a picture, written material or sign with

title: What Does the K Stand For?

text: What Does the K Stand For? What Does the K Stand For? is a BBC Radio Four sitcom series based on the experiences of comedian Stephen K. Amos growing up as a teenager in south London in the 1980s. The broadcast of the first series began in November 2013; the third series commenced in January 2017. Reviewing Series 1, Episode 1 for "Radio Times", Tristram Fane Saunders found the show suited Amos "down to the ground; there's a touch of "Seinfeld" about "What Does the K Stand for?" in the way it flows from stand up into a deliciously awkward

title: Popular Movement in Iraq

text: The movement was involved in the 2012–14 Iraqi protests, particularly in Fallujah, which was also the focus of groups such as al-Qaeda and the Ba'athist Free Iraq Intifada. The movement is opposed to the government of Nouri al-Maliki, and fighters aligned with the movement have been active in the 2014 Northern Iraq offensive. The movement accuses the government of Nouri al-Maliki of oppressing Sunni's and aims to topple Maliki's government and replace it with a unity government. The movement has also called for a decentralized Iraq with autonomous Sunni regions. The group has also called for Sunni lawmakers to boycott

title: 23 February 2012 Iraq attacks

text: as it targets Shiites across Iraq. The country was set to host the postponed Arab League Summit on March 29 in the midst of a surge of violence and a rise in civilian and security casualties since the withdrawal of US forces. 23 February 2012 Iraq attacks The 23 February 2012 Iraq attacks were the fifth simultaneous wave of bombings to hit Iraq during the insurgency and the first such major assault since the US withdrawal at the end of 2011. At least 83 people were killed and more than 250 wounded in highly coordinated attacks spread out in least

title: 5 January 2012 Iraq bombings

text: group of day laborers waiting to get hired. Interior Ministry officials confirmed at least 13 died in these attacks and 32 were injured. Several hours later, two car bombs in the Kadhimiya district of Baghdad left 16 dead and 36 injured. In addition to these attacks, two people were killed and six injured in a shooting and roadside bombing in the insurgent stronghold of Mosul. On 6 February 2012, the Islamic state of Iraq claimed responsibly for the attack. 5 January 2012 Iraq bombings The 5 January 2012 Iraq bombings were a series of attacks that hit the capital Baghdad

title: 23 July 2012 Iraq attacks

text: hours of each other on 23 July 2012 across thirteen different cities in Iraq. Naharnet reported the number of towns and cities attacked as eighteen. The number of attacks, on the other hand, was given to be thirty. Two more attacks occurred late on 23 July 2012, increasing the number of attacks to thirty-two. Rod Nordland stated that the number of attacks was forty. The major targets of the attacks were security forces, government buildings and Shia Muslim neighbourhoods. The first attack took place on an army base in Salahedin province around dawn. In Taji, nearly north of Baghdad, a

title: Embassy of Iraq, London

text: Embassy of Iraq, London The Embassy of Iraq in London is the diplomatic mission of Iraq in the United Kingdom. It was opened at its current site in 2012, having been closed since 2003 with the start of the Iraq War. The Kurdish Regional Government in northern Iraq also maintains an office at 23 Buckingham Gate, Westminster. Iraq also maintains a Consular Section at 3 Elvaston Place, South Kensington,a Military Attaché Office at 48 Gunnersbury Avenue, Gunnersbury, a Cultural Attaché’s Office at 14-15 Child’s Place, Earl's Court and a Commercial Attaché Office at 7-10 Leadenhall Street, City of London. Whilst

title: What Does Anything Mean? Basically

text: lyrics of the Beatles song "She Said, She Said". "What Does Anything Mean? Basically" was released 1 October 1985 on record label Statik. "What Does Anything Mean? Basically" has been generally well received by critics. In his retrospective review, Ned Raggett of AllMusic called it "[a] rarity of sophomore albums, something that at once made the band all the more unique in its sound while avoiding a repetition of earlier work. [...] an astounding record." "Trouser Press" called it "even better" than "Script of the Bridge", "with much stronger production underscoring both the band's direct power and the ghostly atmospherics

title: The purpose of a system is what it does

text: The purpose of a system is what it does The purpose of a system is what it does (POSIWID) is a systems thinking heuristic coined by Stafford Beer. Stafford Beer coined the term POSIWID and used it many times in public addresses. In his address to the University of Valladolid, Spain, in October 2001, he said "According to the cybernetician, the purpose of a system is what it does. This is a basic dictum. It stands for bald fact, which makes a better starting point in seeking understanding than the familiar attributions of good intention, prejudices about expectations, moral judgment,

title: What Does the Bee Do?

text: the bomb that Slater set explodes, badly burning one of them. "What Does The Bee Do?" is a children's poem from the late 1800s by Christina Rossetti. Margaret Schroeder's daughter recites it in the episode. "IGN" gave the episode a score of 8.5 out of 10, saying that it "effortlessly hits that sweet spot between advancing the plot while developing characters, much in the same way that the Season 2 premiere did." "The A.V. Club" rated the episode an "A-". The episode was watched by 2.546 million viewers. It fell two tenths, to 1.0 million adults 18-49 rating. What Does

title: The purpose of a system is what it does

text: be balanced by a more straightforwardly descriptive view. The term is used in many fields including biology and management. The purpose of a system is what it does The purpose of a system is what it does (POSIWID) is a systems thinking heuristic coined by Stafford Beer. Stafford Beer coined the term POSIWID and used it many times in public addresses. In his address to the University of Valladolid, Spain, in October 2001, he said "According to the cybernetician, the purpose of a system is what it does. This is a basic dictum. It stands for bald fact, which makes

title: What Does the Bee Do?

text: What Does the Bee Do? "What Does the Bee Do?" is the fourth episode of the second season of the HBO television series "Boardwalk Empire", and 16th episode overall. First aired on October 16, 2011, it was written by executive story editor Steve Kornacki and directed by Ed Bianchi. Nucky looks to Rothstein for a port to receive alcohol, since the Coast Guard is blockading Atlantic City. Rothstein instructs Lansky and Luciano to oversee the Philadelphia delivery. Nucky also sends Owen Sleater to bomb Doyle's still. Margaret asks for 'money for the children' from Nucky, which she proceeds to hide

title: Iraq at the 2012 Summer Olympics

text: Iraq at the 2012 Summer Olympics The Middle Eastern nation of Iraq competed at the 2012 Summer Olympic Games in London, from 27 July to 12 August 2012. This was the nation's thirteenth appearance at the Olympics since its debut at the 1948 Summer Olympics in the same host city. Before the Olympic Games started, FIFA banned Iraq from hosting qualifiers in the World Cup and even in the Olympics for security concerns, and for having a player with two cards participated in a match against United Arab Emirates. Iraq also competed for the first time in Olympics without receiving

title: Government of Baghdad

text: The Constitution alone does not determine Baghdad's government because it is vague and contains gaps and does not lay out the structures in detail. Pre-constitution legislation dating back to 1964 and ad hoc measures that have become custom also determine this structure. The province's outlying areas are structured the same as other areas in Iraq but are administered by the governorate instead the Amanat. Iraqi law set the boundaries between Amanat and governorate in 1971, but they’ve been adjusted more recently. The governorate and Amanat are linked at several levels, and the Governorate Council still provides funding for many of

title: Refugees of Iraq

text: many Iraqi refugees fled the rising violence. Fewer than 200,000 Iraqis remained in Syria in 2012, according to the office of the Iraqi ambassador in Damascus. Many of the Iraqis were helped to return to Iraq by the provision of free flights and bus tickets, paid for by the Iraqi government. Tens of thousands of Iraqi families traveled back to their original country, although Iraq is itself unstable, and sectarian bomb attacks occur there almost daily. The majority of Iraqis fleeing back from Syria in 2012 were Shia according to a spokesman for the Iraqi Ministry of Displacement and Migration.

title: Organization of Women's Freedom in Iraq

text: been victims of violence. The OWFI has an established network in Iraq and also on a global scale for advocating gender inclusive governments. The OWFI also provides humanitarian support to women who have been alienated by their families, this includes food, shelter, medicine, and clothing. The OWFI has a website that contains updates on the events they have organized as well as bringing awareness about what is happening in the Iraqi government and women’s status in Iraq. The newsletter highlights their efforts in the fight for equal rights and legal status. In their latest newsletter posted in June 2018, they

title: What Kate Does

text: that it by no means compared to "LA X", but stated that it "contain[ed] scenes of incredible beauty, based on character work and stakes earned over five seasons [that] made it a fine, if imperfect, hour." McGee also commented that the scene in which Claire arrives at the hospital and is helped by Ethan as "freakin' outstanding" and called "What Kate Does" "one of the funniest in the show's history. Aldo, Hurley, and Miles all got off plenty of zingers, which will be necessary in a season in which both mythological and dramatic stakes are raising higher and higher each

title: What Kate Does

text: had hidden and later talks with Kate at Dharma's dock. He explains that he planned to propose to Juliet and that he blames himself for her death, saying that he convinced her to stay on the island with him because he was lonely. Meanwhile, Jin is caught by the Others, who want to kill him instead of taking him back. Suddenly, someone shoots them and Jin is shocked to see that the shooter is Claire. The episode has received mixed reviews. Critical review aggregate website Metacritic awarded "What Kate Does" a score of 64 out of 100, indicating "generally favorable

title: 16 August 2012 Iraq attacks

text: 16 August 2012 Iraq attacks A series of bombings and shootings occurred in Iraq on 16 August 2012, in one of the most violent attacks since post-US withdrawal insurgency has begun. At least 128 people were killed and more than 400 wounded in coordinated attacks across Iraq, making them the deadliest attacks in the country since October 2009, when 155 were killed in twin bombings near the Justice Ministry in Baghdad. The attacks occurred about eight months following the withdrawal of the United States military forces from the area, leaving the security of the country in the hands of the

title: 23 July 2012 Iraq attacks

text: 23 July 2012 Iraq attacks The 23 July 2012 Iraq attacks were a series of simultaneous, coordinated bombings and shootings that struck the Iraqi security force and Shi'ite Muslim communities. At least 116 people were killed and 299 wounded in the attacks, making them the deadliest attacks in the country since May 2010. The Islamic State of Iraq claimed responsibility for the attacks. The attacks occurred about seven months following the withdrawal of the United States military forces from the area, leaving the security of the country in the hands of the Iraqi security forces. Numerous attacks were conducted within

title: 20 March 2012 Iraq attacks

text: 20 March 2012 Iraq attacks The 20 March 2012 Iraq attacks were the sixth simultaneous wave of bombings to hit Iraq during the insurgency and the second such major assault since the US withdrawal at the end of 2011. At least 50 people were killed and around 250 wounded in highly coordinated attacks spread out in at least 10 cities. The deadliest attack of the day took place in Karbala where twin bombings left 13 dead and 50 injured. In the northern city of Kirkuk a car parked in the parking lot of a local security office exploded, killing 13

title: 16 August 2012 Iraq attacks

text: scheme to ignite "a bloody sectarian war". 16 August 2012 Iraq attacks A series of bombings and shootings occurred in Iraq on 16 August 2012, in one of the most violent attacks since post-US withdrawal insurgency has begun. At least 128 people were killed and more than 400 wounded in coordinated attacks across Iraq, making them the deadliest attacks in the country since October 2009, when 155 were killed in twin bombings near the Justice Ministry in Baghdad. The attacks occurred about eight months following the withdrawal of the United States military forces from the area, leaving the security of

title: 23 July 2012 Iraq attacks

text: radical Islamist websites, indicating that it was responsible for the recent attacks, calling the attacks "Destroying the Walls" campaign. ISI also stated that it was just the start of a "new stage of jihad". 23 July 2012 Iraq attacks The 23 July 2012 Iraq attacks were a series of simultaneous, coordinated bombings and shootings that struck the Iraqi security force and Shi'ite Muslim communities. At least 116 people were killed and 299 wounded in the attacks, making them the deadliest attacks in the country since May 2010. The Islamic State of Iraq claimed responsibility for the attacks. The attacks occurred

title: 23 February 2012 Iraq attacks

text: 23 February 2012 Iraq attacks The 23 February 2012 Iraq attacks were the fifth simultaneous wave of bombings to hit Iraq during the insurgency and the first such major assault since the US withdrawal at the end of 2011. At least 83 people were killed and more than 250 wounded in highly coordinated attacks spread out in least 15 cities - including at least 10 explosions in the capital Baghdad that left 32 people dead. A number of shootings also took place, mostly aimed at police patrols and security installations around the city. The majority of the blasts appeared to

title: 13 June 2012 Iraq attacks

text: blocks". 13 June 2012 Iraq attacks The 13 June 2012 Iraq attacks were a series of simultaneous bombings and shootings that killed 93 people and wounded over 300 others. The attacks were carried out in seven different locations throughout Iraq. Extra security had been put in place to cope with the large crowds of pilgrims expected in Baghdad. Two days before the attacks, six people were killed and almost 40 injured in a mortar attack near the Moussa al-Kadhim shrine. Most of the attacks were car bombings and appeared to be aimed primarily at Shi'ite pilgrims gathered to commemorate the

title: 13 June 2012 Iraq attacks

text: 13 June 2012 Iraq attacks The 13 June 2012 Iraq attacks were a series of simultaneous bombings and shootings that killed 93 people and wounded over 300 others. The attacks were carried out in seven different locations throughout Iraq. Extra security had been put in place to cope with the large crowds of pilgrims expected in Baghdad. Two days before the attacks, six people were killed and almost 40 injured in a mortar attack near the Moussa al-Kadhim shrine. Most of the attacks were car bombings and appeared to be aimed primarily at Shi'ite pilgrims gathered to commemorate the death

title: Iraq–Syria relations

text: many others have closed, withdrawn their ambassadors, or temporarily relocated to Beirut. In March 2012, local lawmakers in Iraq’s Dohuk province voted to open camp for refugees from Syria. Although some of Iraq's Shiite clerics refused to give support to Assad, and Muqtada al-Sadr called on the Syrian president to step down from power, Iraq remains one of the few remaining Arab countries which support the Syrian government, and has abstained from voting to expel Syria from the Arab league. Both countries have closely cooperated with each other against ISIL, with Iraq being a part of the Russia–Syria–Iran–Iraq coalition which

title: 2012–13 Iraq Division One

text: 2012–13 Iraq Division One The Iraq Division 1 of 2012-2013 The season began on December 8, 2012. Sulaymaniya FC were the champions of the previous season and Naft Al-Janoob were runners-up, hence both promoted to the 2012–13 Iraqi Premier League. The 42 teams were split into six groups. At the end of the regular season, the top 2 teams from each group, a total of 12 teams advanced to the next round. In the second round, these 12 teams will be split into two groups of 6, with teams playing a home and away round robin matches with each opponent

title: Iraq Inquiry

text: committee of Privy Counsellors with broad terms of reference to consider Britain's involvement in Iraq between 2001 and 2009. It covered the run-up to the conflict, the subsequent military action and its aftermath to establish how decisions were made, to determine what happened and to identify lessons to ensure that, in a similar situation in future, the British government is equipped to respond in the most effective manner in the best interests of the country. The open sessions of the inquiry commenced on 24 November 2009 and concluded on 2 February 2011. In 2012, the government vetoed the release to

title: United States support for Iraq during the Iran–Iraq War

text: occurred." Iraq's invasion of Iran in September 1980 was preceded by a long period of tension between the two countries throughout 1979 and 1980, including frequent border skirmishes, calls by Iranian leader Ruhollah Khomeini for the Shia of Iraq to revolt against the Ba'ath Party, and allegations of Iraqi support for ethnic separatists in Iran. On June 18, 1979, U.S. chargé d'affaires Charlie Naas asked Yazdi about the deterioration in relations; Yazdi stated he "does not know what might be bothering Iraq ... certainly we have done nothing to bother them." Khomeini had recently condemned Iraq's arrest of Shi'ite leader

title: Federal government of Iraq

text: four-year terms. The President ratifies treaties and laws passed by the Council of Representatives, issues pardons on the recommendation of the Prime Minister, and performs the "duty of the Higher Command of the armed forces for ceremonial and honorary purposes." There is also a Vice President which assumes the office of the President in case of his absence or removal. The Council of Ministers is composed of the Prime Minister as head of government and his cabinet. The President of Iraq names the nominee of the Council of Representatives bloc with the largest number to form the Cabinet. The Prime

title: 2012–13 Iraq FA Cup

text: from the next cup match. If a player receives a red card, they will be banned a minimum of one match, but more can be added by the Iraq Football Association. The following 40 teams qualified for the competition: The rounds of the 2012–13 competition are scheduled as follows: Times from the start of the first round, on 28 September 2012, until the end of the second round, on 10 June 2013, are in AST (). The following is the bracket which the Iraq FA Cup resembled from the Round of 32 onwards. Teams that are bolded advanced on. 2012–13

title: USA kill or capture strategy in Iraq

text: terrorists in Iraq and "compelling" evidence that it does the same in Afghanistan. Iraqi President Jalal Talabani has said that Iranian-born Ayatollah Ali Sistani has played an important role in helping to establish security in Iraq. President Talabani also mentioned that Iran and Syria have begun to help the Iraqi government in a good manner. "we do not want the Iranian-US relations to develop into a conflict in Iraq. On the contrary, we have exerted efforts to bring about a US-Iranian agreement or understanding for a joint action for the security and stability in Iraq." he said in an interview

title: Iraq and weapons of mass destruction

text: still the position of Saddam Hussein in his December 2003 captivity. On August 21, 2006, the trial of Saddam Hussein and six codefendants, including Hassan al-Majid ("Chemical Ali"), opened on charges of genocide against the Kurds. While this trial does not cover the Halabja attack, it does cover attacks on other villages during the Iraqi "Anfal" operation alleged to have included bombing with chemical weapons. On August 2, 1990 Iraq invaded Kuwait and was widely condemned internationally. The policy of the United States on Hussein's government changed rapidly, as it was feared Saddam intended to attack other oil-rich nations in

title: What You Have Left

text: placed on a table, rings, but he does not hear it. Bennet tells Stan about Rosie and is offered a ride so he can tell Stan more about her. Sarah and Holder later arrive at the garage to learn that Bennet is with Stan. In the van, Bennet points out that Stan has missed the exit to his house. Stan ignores him. “What You Have Left” received positive reviews. Meredith Blake of "The A.V. Club" rated this episode a B+, saying, ""The Killing" has once again returned to my good graces ... [This] episode was the liveliest and most engaging

title: Economy of Iraq

text: of oil. Despite its ongoing civil war, Iraq was able to increase oil production during 2015 and 2016, with production dipping by 3.5 percent in 2017 due to conflict with the Kurdistan Regional Government and OPEC production limits. By world standards, production costs for Iraqi oil are relatively low. However, four wars—the 1980–1988 Iraq-Iran War, 1991 Gulf War, the 2003-2011 War in Iraq, and the civil war—and the 1991–2003 UN sanctions have left the industry's infrastructure in poor condition, and the de facto independence of oil-rich Iraqi Kurdistan have limited production. In the 1970s, Iraq produced over 3.5 million barrels

title: Does exactly what it says on the tin

text: began a similar copycat advertising campaign in Ireland stating that its product "does exactly what it says on the tube". The phrase is a registered trademark of the Sherwin-Williams Company, the owner of Ronseal, across the European Community for products including paints, varnishes, and wood preservatives (E3085826). In 2007, a song titled "What It Says on the Tin" was released by the British singer Katie Melua. Although the song is about relationships, the phrase has a similar meaning. Does exactly what it says on the tin "It does exactly what it says on the tin" was originally an advertising slogan

title: Iraq–Israel relations

text: breach of international standards and norms." In July 2012 Iraqi Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki said that Iraq will establish diplomatic relations with all countries except Israel. Some Iraqi officials and Kurdish leaders have accused the Iraqi government of secretly smuggling oil to Israel. Kurdish MP, Farhad al-Atroushi, accused the Iraqi government of smuggling oil to Israel via Jordan. The allegation was denied by Iraq's Deputy Prime Minister Hussain al-Shahristani and Jordan's Information and Communication Minister Rakan al-Majali. Iraqi Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki denied the allegation as well and in turn accused Iraqi Kurdistan of smuggling oil to Israel. Iraq–Israel relations

title: Central Bank of Iraq

text: steps and measures have taken place in order to integrate these branches with the headquarters in Baghdad. Foreign exchange reserves have increased to nearly US$67 billion (as of September 2012) due to a rise in oil revenues, indicating the improved ability since 2003 to deal with the repayment of foreign debt, the currency stabilization, and the coverage of average monthly imports. Central Bank of Iraq The Central Bank of Iraq (CBI) () is the central bank of Iraq. After World War I, Iraq's monetary system was administered by the British Mandate of Mesopotamia until 1931, when the Iraq Currency Board

title: Lancet surveys of Iraq War casualties

text: with the study's methods or its conclusions. If anything, the scientists told me, the authors had been cautious in their estimates. With a quick call to a statistician, reporters would have found that the probability forms a bell curve — the likelihood is very small that the number of deaths fell at either extreme of the range. It was very likely to fall near the middle." A Ministerial Statement written 17 November 2004, by the UK government stated "the Government does not accept its [the study's] central conclusion", because they were apparently inconsistent with figures published by the Iraq Ministry

title: British support for Iraq during the Iran–Iraq war

text: what type of assistance these three individuals provided Iraq has been intensively studied for over a decade. It will probably never be possible to develop an entirely consistent and complete picture of what they provided to Iraq. But it is clear that these experts provided a considerable amount of sensitive information about Urenco Group gas centrifuges. Urenco is owned by Ultra-Centrifuge Nederland (Dutch), Uranit GmbH (German) and British Nuclear Fuels plc (UK) in three equal shares. The assistance was broad in scope, occurred regularly in the period 1988–1990, and included many advanced Urenco technologies. The level of assistance provided by

title: Islamic State of Iraq

text: also predicted a wave of 40 attacks across Iraq the next day, in which 100 were killed and 300 wounded. Between July 2012 and July 2013, ISI carried out 24 waves of car bomb attacks and eight prison breaks in Iraq. By 2013, the Sunni minority increasingly resented Iraq's Shi'ite led-government, and Sunni insurgents regrouped, carrying out violent attacks and drawing new recruits. In August 2011, Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi and al-Qaeda's central command authorized the Syrian ISI member Abu Mohammad al-Golani to set up a Syrian offshoot of al Qaeda, to bring down the Syrian Assad government and establish an

title: History of Iraq (2003–2011)

text: the occupation and the assumption of full responsibility and authority by a fully sovereign and independent Interim Government of Iraq. Afterwards, the UN and individual nations established diplomatic relations with the Interim Government, which began planning for elections and the writing of a new constitution. In January 2005, John Negroponte, US ambassador to Iraq, indicated the US government would comply with a United Nations resolution declaring that coalition forces would have to leave if requested by the Iraqi government. "If that's the wish of the government of Iraq, we will comply with those wishes. But no, we haven't been approached

title: The Fox (What Does the Fox Say?)

text: neighborhood in Edwards Landing, Leesburg, Virginia, who every Halloween creates an LED light show with a hit song. This song appears in "Just Dance 2015". This song for Leicester City title song parody "What do the Foxes Say?" in 442oons video. !scope="col" colspan="3"| Streaming Note: The Fox (What Does the Fox Say?) "The Fox (What Does the Fox Say?)" is an electronic dance novelty song and viral video by Norwegian comedy duo Ylvis. The top trending video of 2013 on YouTube, "The Fox" was posted on the video-sharing website on 3 September 2013, and has received over 800 million views

title: Federal government of Iraq

text: of Iraq is the main criminal court of Iraq. The CCCI is based on an inquisitorial system and consists of two chambers: an investigative court, and a criminal court. The Independent High Commission for Human Rights, the Independent High Electoral Commission, and the Commission on Integrity are independent commissions subject to monitoring by the Council of Representatives. The Central Bank of Iraq, the Board of Supreme Audit, the Communications and Media Commission, and the Endowment Commission are financially and administratively independent institutions. The Foundation of Martyrs is attached to the Council of Ministers. The Federal Public Service Council regulates the

title: Hamas government of 2012

text: unity government, which was officially dismissed by Palestinian President Mahmud Abbas in 2007. Ismail Haniyeh, the Prime Minister of the 2007 and 2012 Hamas-led governments, considered the Fatah government of 2007 in West Bank as illegitimate. The Hamas government of 2012 exercises de facto rule over the Gaza Strip, supported by the Palestinian Legislative Council, which is dominated by members of Hamas. This government resigned in June 2014 after the formation of the Palestinian unity government of 2014. The United States, Canada, the European Union, Japan and Israel classify Hamas as a terrorist organization. In September 2012, following the announcement

title: Culture of Iraq

text: biggest club in the history of Iraq, having won the league in 2012–13 and 2013–14 and they also have an Arab Champions League title to their name which they won in 1982. Other big clubs include Al-Quwa Al-Jawiya, Al-Zawraa, Erbil SC, Duhok SC, Al Talaba and Najaf FC. Basketball, swimming, weightlifting, bodybuilding, boxing, kickboxing, and tennis are also popular sports. The Iraqi Football Association () is the governing body of football in Iraq, controlling the Iraq national football team and the Iraq Super League (also known as Dawri Al-Nokba). It was founded in 1948, and has been a member of

title: Hamas government of 2012

text: of the new government, the newspaper Asharq Al-Awsat reported that for the first time since the split with the Palestinian Authority in 2007, Hamas was seeking to appoint its own diplomats. Deputy Foreign Minister Ghazi Hamad, however, strongly denied that these forthcoming diplomatic appointments was an indication that the Gaza government was seeking to entrench the division between West Bank and Gaza Strip. Hamas government of 2012 The Hamas government of 2012 is the second Palestinian Hamas-dominated government, ruling over the Gaza Strip, since the split of the Palestinian National Authority in 2007. It was presented on 26 August 2012

title: What Does It Take (To Win Your Love)

text: G (with Ellis Hall on vocals) covered this tune on his 1986 album "Duotones". What Does It Take (To Win Your Love) "What Does It Take (To Win Your Love)" is a 1968 song that was a 1969 hit single by Jr. Walker & The All Stars. The single was one of Jr. Walker's most successful releases, becoming a hit on both the R&B and pop singles charts. "What Does It Take (To Win Your Love)," written by Johnny Bristol, Harvey Fuqua, and Vernon Bullock, made it into the top five on the Hot 100, and became Jr. Walker's second

title: What Does It Take (To Win Your Love)

text: What Does It Take (To Win Your Love) "What Does It Take (To Win Your Love)" is a 1968 song that was a 1969 hit single by Jr. Walker & The All Stars. The single was one of Jr. Walker's most successful releases, becoming a hit on both the R&B and pop singles charts. "What Does It Take (To Win Your Love)," written by Johnny Bristol, Harvey Fuqua, and Vernon Bullock, made it into the top five on the Hot 100, and became Jr. Walker's second number one on the R&B charts. The song was also a hit in the

title: Hearts and minds (Iraq)

text: regain the confidence and cooperation (hearts and minds) of the Iraqi people, improve public diplomacy messages, and help chart the course for future efforts in Iraq." The hearing focused upon two main questions: "1. What policy decisions made by the Coalition Provisional Authority contributed to changes in Iraqi confidence and cooperation?" and, "2. What steps does the United States need to take to regain the confidence and cooperation of the Iraqi people?" Hearts and minds (Iraq) Hearts and Minds was a public relations campaign used in the Iraq War (2003-2011). The operation to "win Iraqi hearts and minds", had been

title: 9 September 2012 Iraq attacks

text: 9 September 2012 Iraq attacks The 9 September 2012 Iraq attacks were a series of coordinated bombings and shootings across the capital Baghdad and several major cities in the north and south of the country. At least 108 people were killed and 371 injured in the first major insurgent action since a similar wave of violence almost a month earlier. The attacks occurred about nine months following the withdrawal of the United States military forces from the area, leaving the security of the country in the hands of the Iraqi security forces. Several major attacks took place in the months

title: 5 January 2012 Iraq bombings

text: 5 January 2012 Iraq bombings The 5 January 2012 Iraq bombings were a series of attacks that hit the capital Baghdad and the southern city of Nasiriyah and appeared to target Shia Muslims. A suicide bomber attacked a security checkpoint as huge crowds of pilgrims were making the journey from Nasiriyah to Kerbala for a religious holiday. At least 44 people were killed and 81 more injured in the first significant attack in the city since a blast targeted the Italian military headquarters in November 2003. Meanwhile, in Baghdad, at least three bombs exploded in Sadr City next to a

title: 1991 uprisings in Iraq

text: Iraq, James F. Jeffrey, officially apologized to Iraqi politicians and southern tribal leaders for the U.S. inaction in 1991. Adel Abdul Mahdi, a top Iraqi Shia political leader, commented: "At the least, from what we are facing now, this would have been a much better solution than the solution of 2003. The role of Iraq's people would have been fundamental, not like in 2003." A spokesman for a top Shia religious leader, Ayatollah Basheer Hussain Najafi, stated that "the apology of the U.S. has come too late, and does not change what happened. The apology is not going to bring

text: "shaky at best." In reviewing this book, "The Guardian" called it "the most comprehensive independent analysis of the state of knowledge about Iraq's weapons programmes until the new team of inspectors went back." Along with another book published by Context Books, The New York Times singled out "War on Iraq: What Team Bush Doesn't Want You to Know" as an anti-war book that "emerged from, and then codified opposition to the war in Iraq." War on Iraq: What Team Bush Doesn't Want You to Know War on Iraq: What Team Bush Doesn't Want You to Know is short book, written

title: Women in Iraq

text: According to the research, FGM is most common among Sunni Muslims, but is also practiced by Schi’ites and Kakeys, while Christians and Yezidi don’t seem to practice it in northern Iraq. In Erbil Governorate and Suleymaniya Type I FGM was common; while in Garmyan and New Kirkuk, Type II and III FGM were common. There was no law against FGM in Iraq, but in 2007 a draft legislation condemning the practice was submitted to the Regional Parliament, but was not passed. A field report by Iraqi group PANA Center, published in 2012, shows 38% of women in Kirkuk and its

title: Hamas government of 2012

text: Hamas government of 2012 The Hamas government of 2012 is the second Palestinian Hamas-dominated government, ruling over the Gaza Strip, since the split of the Palestinian National Authority in 2007. It was presented on 26 August 2012 and approved by the Gaza-based Hamas MPs from the Palestinian Legislative Council (PLC). Seven new ministers were appointed to the new government. Hamas PM Ismail Haniyeh said the new government's priorities would be "ending the siege [of the Gaza Strip] and easing the problems of citizens, especially with regard to electricity and water." This cabinet succeeds the Gaza Strip branch of the national

title: Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant

text: from the Western world. In September 2015, the CIA estimated that 30,000 foreign fighters had joined ISIL. According to Abu Hajjar, a former senior leader of ISIL, foreign fighters receive food, petrol and housing, but unlike native Iraqi or Syrian fighters, they do not receive payment in wages. Since 2012, more than 3000 people from the central Asian countries have gone to Syria, Iraq or Afghanistan to join the Islamic State,ISIS or Jabhat al Nusra. ISIL relies mostly on captured weapons with major sources including Saddam Hussein's Iraqi stockpiles from the 2003–11 Iraq insurgency and weapons from government and opposition

title: 2012 Puerto Rico government transition process

text: 2012 Puerto Rico government transition process The 2012 Puerto Rico government transition process is the ongoing process in Puerto Rico regarding the government transition between the outgoing governorship of incumbent Governor Luis Fortuño and the incoming governorship of Alejandro García Padilla, governor-elect. The process is mandated and regulated by Law No. 197 of 2002 and started on November 13, 2012, three working days after the Puerto Rican general election of 2012 as the law requires, once García Padilla was preliminarily certified as Governor-elect by the State Elections Commission. As expected, the process has unveiled discrepancies between what the incumbent administration

title: Ministry of Health (Iraq)

text: centers suffered from wars and destruction. But, in spite of all these circumstances, health ministry and its cadres could provide best services to Iraqi citizens. MOH in Kurdistan region is considered the main official institution, established in 1992 during the formation of the Kurdistan Government. The Minister now is Dr.Majeed Hamadamine Jamil / MSc.in Public Health The health ministry demanded the government to have $3.8 billion budget noting that the ministry needs the amount to upgrade the health situation in Iraq. Ministry of Health (Iraq) The Ministry of Health and environment of Iraq was founded in the middle of previous

title: Group of Lie type

text: Group of Lie type In mathematics, specifically in group theory, the phrase group of Lie type usually refers to finite groups that are closely related to the group of rational points of a reductive linear algebraic group with values in a finite field. The phrase "group of Lie type" does not have a widely accepted precise definition, but the important collection of finite simple groups of Lie type does have a precise definition, and they make up most of the groups in the classification of finite simple groups. The name "groups of Lie type" is due to the close relationship

title: Bits of What I Have

text: apart from each other. Though they have lived in a different time and era but their outlook towards the decaying world and humanity remains the same. The meaning of existence and one’s right to their own free will are reflected in the film. And the question that “is one truly the master of his own craft?” is touched during the course of the film. Bits of What I Have Bits of What I Have is a Bahraini movie shot in Turkey, The film is produced by Ibrahem AlRabeh and Zeeshan Jawed Shah, and is written and directed by Saleh Sharif.

title: The Fox (What Does the Fox Say?)

text: The Fox (What Does the Fox Say?) "The Fox (What Does the Fox Say?)" is an electronic dance novelty song and viral video by Norwegian comedy duo Ylvis. The top trending video of 2013 on YouTube, "The Fox" was posted on the video-sharing website on 3 September 2013, and has received over 800 million views as of November 2018. "The Fox" peaked at the top of the Norwegian Singles Chart and was hugely successful in the United States, where it peaked at number six on the "Billboard" Hot 100 for three consecutive weeks, and was, before the US release of

title: What Does It Take (Dave Days song)

text: What Does It Take (Dave Days song) "What Does It Take" is a song by American singer Dave Days. It served as the third and final single from his 2010 EP "Dinner and a Movie". It is one of Dave's most recognizable songs, and was also played on Disney Channel's So Random!. The song's music video is set in a high school, where Dave realizes he has gotten the lead part in the school play. Amanda Lynn (Days' interest in the video) sees she has gotten the second lead, and runs to her boyfriend, who ignores her. Days and Lynn

title: Human trafficking in Iraq

text: intercepting older men and young girls attempting to travel together out of Iraq using fake documents; NGOs contend these are cases of trafficking. Anecdotal evidence and media reports suggested some trafficking victims were taken from orphanages and other charitable institutions by employees of these organizations. The Government of Iraq does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking; however, it is making significant efforts to do so in spite of resource and capability constraints. The Iraqi government continued to move its draft anti-trafficking bill through its legislative structures. Because the determination that Iraq is making significant