query: what 5 countries border ethiopia?

title: Canada–Ethiopia relations

text: the border region as part of a UN force with a mandate to prepare for UN peacekeeping mission in the border region with Eritrea. The Canadian Minister of National Defence, Art Eggleton, visited these troops in Ethiopia that same year. Canada–Ethiopia relations Canada–Ethiopia relations are foreign relations between Canada and Ethiopia. Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1956. Canada opened an embassy in Addis Ababa in 1957; although Ethiopia opened an embassy in Ottawa in 1962, it was closed the next year due to financial constraints and not re-opened until 1989. The Ethiopian ambassador is also accredited to: Cuba, Jamaica

title: 2018 Eritrea–Ethiopia summit

text: 2018 Eritrea–Ethiopia summit The 2018 Eritrea–Ethiopia summit (also 2018 Eritrea–Ethiopia peace summit) was a bilateral summit that took place on 8–9 July 2018 in Asmara, Eritrea, between Eritrean President Isaias Afwerki and Ethiopian Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed and officials from the two countries. The two leaders signed a joint declaration on 9 July, formally ending the border conflict between both countries, restoring full diplomatic relations, and agreeing to open their borders to each other for persons, goods and services. The joint statement was also considered to close all chapters regarding the Eritrean–Ethiopian War (1998–2000) and of the following Eritrean–Ethiopian border

title: 1982 Ethiopian–Somali Border War

text: support of the Soviet Union. But by 1978 the Soviet Union had switched its allegiance to Ethiopia due to the potential political gain and potential resources. In 1978, backed with Soviet weaponry and Cuban reinforcements, Ethiopia regained control of Ogaden. This resulted in the mass exodus of hundreds of thousands of Somali men and women immigrating from the Ogaden region to the Somali borders. Somalia, despite losing the 1977-78 war, never recognized the international border that places the Ogaden, with its ethnic Somali population, in Ethiopia. This ignorance, many historians believe is what kept the hate between the two countries.

title: Denmark–Ethiopia relations

text: of arms to Ethiopia, and prevented Ethiopia from buying munitions. When the war started, Denmark lifted their ban and ended their embargo. In 1950, Denmark and 15 other countries voted for a united Eritrea and Ethiopia under Haile Selassie in the United Nations. During the 1983–1985 famine in Ethiopia, Denmark with Norway contributed a total of 27,5 million dollars. After the Eritrean–Ethiopian War from 1998 to 2000, Denmark sent 320 soldiers to the United Nations Mission in Ethiopia and Eritrea to monitor a ceasefire in the border war. In April 2001, Danish Foreign Minister Mogens Lykketoft visited Ethiopia and called

title: Eritrean–Ethiopian border conflict

text: border between Ethiopia and newly-independent Eritrea was not clearly defined. After border skirmishes in late 1997, the two countries attempted to negotiate their boundary. In October 1997, Ethiopia presented the Eritrean Government a map showing Eritrean-claimed areas as part of Ethiopia. On 8May 1998, border clashes between Ethiopia and Eritrea occurred which killed several Eritrean officials near the disputed town of Badme. A large Eritrean mechanised force entered the town, and a firefight broke out between the Eritrean soldiers and the Tigrayan militia and security police they encountered. On 13May, Eritrean radio described the incidents as a "total war" policy

title: Ethiopia–Kenya relations

text: oil pipeline that would run from the Kenyan port of Lamu to the Ethiopian capital, Addis Ababa. This would be one of various infrastructural projects on which the two countries would work together. Ethiopia–Kenya relations Ethiopia–Kenya relations are bilateral relations between Ethiopia and Kenya. The two nations maintain primarily trade ties. Ethiopia first established ties with the British colonial administration in the East Africa Protectorate in 1907, when the Ethiopia-Kenya border was initially defined. The boundary was further clarified in 1947, and then formally demarcated in 1950-1955. In 1954, Ethiopia established an Honorary Consulate General in Kenya, formally establishing ties

title: 2010 Eritrean–Ethiopian border skirmish

text: 2010 Eritrean–Ethiopian border skirmish The 2010 Eritrean–Ethiopian border skirmish was an armed skirmish between soldiers of the Eritrean and the Ethiopian armies fought at the border town of Zalambesa after Eritea claimed that Ethiopian forces crossed the border. The Ethiopian Government claimed Eritrea was trying to cover up an internal crisis by implicating Ethiopia. Relations between Eritrea and Ethiopia have been brittle and tensions between the two countries have remained high after both countries fought each other in the Eritrean–Ethiopian War which lasted from 1998 to 2000, and since the end of the war there have been a number of

title: Ethiopia–Somalia relations

text: Ethiopia–Somalia relations Ethiopia–Somalia relations () are bilateral relations between Ethiopia and Somalia. These relations are characterized by the land border shared by the two countries and a number of military conflicts in recent years. Relations between the peoples of Somalia and Ethiopia stretch back to antiquity, to a common origin. The Ethiopian region is one of the proposed homelands of the Horn of Africa's various Afro-Asiatic communities. During the 16th century, Somali Imam Ahmad ibn Ibrihim al-Ghazi (Ahmad Gurey or Gragn) led a Conquest of Abyssinia ("Futuh al-Habash"), which brought three-quarters of the Christian polity under the power of the

title: United Nations Mission in Ethiopia and Eritrea

text: UNMEE. The mission was put in place in order to formally demarcate the border between the two countries. The border followed the route as declared by an international commission in The Hague but Ethiopia refused to accept the ruling, despite originally agreeing to binding arbitration. The mission maintained headquarters in Asmara (Eritrea), and Addis Ababa (Ethiopia), and consisted of 1,676 military personnel, amid high tensions between the two countries. About 1,500 of these peacekeepers were from the Indian Army. In addition, there were about 147 international civilians, 202 local civilians and 67 UN Volunteers. Their area of responsibility was a

title: 2018 Eritrea–Ethiopia summit

text: Eritreans and Ethiopians are two different peoples is one that doesn't know the truth." He visited an industrial park in Awassa and presided over the re-opening of the Eritrean Embassy. On 11 September 2018, the Eritrean–Ethiopian border crossing reopened for the first time since 1998. 2018 Eritrea–Ethiopia summit The 2018 Eritrea–Ethiopia summit (also 2018 Eritrea–Ethiopia peace summit) was a bilateral summit that took place on 8–9 July 2018 in Asmara, Eritrea, between Eritrean President Isaias Afwerki and Ethiopian Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed and officials from the two countries. The two leaders signed a joint declaration on 9 July, formally ending

title: Geography of Ethiopia

text: been precisely demarcated. Between 1998 and 2000, the two countries fought a war over the issue, which involves quite small enclaves along the northern segment of their border, including the tiny village of Badme and the enclave of the Irob people. In 2002 an international boundary commission delimited the border. Although both nations agreed to accept its decision, Ethiopia has refused to accept the commission’s findings in full, much to the consternation of the Eritrean government. The central section of Ethiopia’s border with Somalia also has never been fully demarcated and is only provisional. Questions remain about the precise location

text: on UN peacekeepers at the Eritrea-Ethiopia border area. Eritrea declined, saying troops must leave border, and in February the UN began pulling out the 1,700-strong peacekeeper force due to lack of fuel supplies following Eritrean government restrictions. In April, UN Secretary-General Ban Ki Moon warned of the likelihood of new war between Ethiopia and Eritrea if peacekeeping mission is withdrawn completely, and outlines options for the future of the UN mission in the two countries. In May, Eritrea called on UN to terminate the peacekeeping mission. The mission was ended with effect from 31 July 2008 with a UNSC resolution

title: Rail transport in Ethiopia

text: border between both countries near Moyale. That interconnection would allow Ethiopia to gain strategic access to two more ports in addition to the port of Djibouti, the ports of Lamu and Mombasa in Kenya. The ERC split up the "National Railway Network of Ethiopia" into eight railway routes. The railway routes as presented by the ERC are ordered for their expected economic impact, those with the highest expected economic potential having the lowest numbers and coming first: In 2011, one year after finalizing the plans on the national railway network, financing was secured for ERC-Route 1 (the Addis Ababa–Djibouti Railway)

title: Eritrea–Ethiopia relations

text: and effective. Eritrea maintains a military force on its border with Ethiopia roughly equal in size to Ethiopia's force, which has required a general mobilization of a significant portion of the population. Eritrea has viewed this border dispute as an existential threat to itself in particular and the African Union in general, because it deals with the supremacy of colonial boundaries in Africa. Since the border conflict Ethiopia no longer uses Eritrean ports for its trade. During the border conflict and since, Ethiopia has fostered militants against Eritrea (including ethnic separatists and religiously based organizations). Eritrea has retaliated by hosting

title: 2018 Eritrea–Ethiopia summit

text: conflict (2000–2018) with sporadic clashes. Eritrea gained independence from Ethiopia in 1993 following the 30-year Eritrean War of Independence, and subsequent border disputes caused continuing tension between the two nations. The tensions came to a boiling point in May 1998, and Eritrea invaded Ethiopia, leading to the Ethiopian–Eritrean War; this killed between 70,000–100,000 on both sides and left Eritrea with over a third of its territory occupied and more than 650,000 people displaced. In 2000, the two countries signed the Algiers Agreement agreeing to submit to binding arbitration to resolve boundary and restitution questions. Eritrea was awarded most of the

title: 2010 Eritrean–Ethiopian border skirmish

text: small border skirmishes between the two countries. Eritrea had also recently been slapped with sanctions by the United Nations, after it was accused of supplying arms and weapons to militants and the opposition to the Somalia Government. The sanctions also came after Eritrea refused to deal with a border dispute with neighbouring Djibouti. According to the Eritrean Information Ministry, Ethiopian forces crossed the border early on New Year's Day and engaged in a fierce battle with Eritrean troops using small arms, assault rifles, and rocket-propelled grenades. Ethiopian forces quickly withdrew back over the border, with Ethiopia having 10 killed, with

title: Eritrean–Ethiopian border conflict

text: cease-fire was established on 18June 2000, both parties agreed to a demilitarised zone called the Temporary Security Zone (TSZ). It was patrolled by the United Nations Mission in Ethiopia and Eritrea (UNMEE) an organisation for the border stabilisation and the prevention of future conflicts between the countries. On 31July 2000, the UNMEE was officially launched and started patrolling the border. On 12December 2000, a peace agreement was signed in Algiers. In September 2007, Kjell Bondevik, a United Nations' official, warned that the border conflict could cause a new war. On 16January 2008, the Eritrean Government give up all of its

title: Eritrea–Ethiopia relations

text: a peace treaty ending their war and created a pair of binding judicial commissions, the Eritrea-Ethiopia Border Commission and the Eritrean-Ethiopian Claims Commission, to rule on their disputed border and related claims. On April 2002 The Commission released its decision (with a clarification in 2003). Disagreements following the war have resulted in stalemate punctuated by periods of elevated tension and renewed threats of war. Since these decisions Ethiopia has refused to permit the physical demarcation of the border while Eritrea insists the border must be demarcated as defined by the Commission. Consequently, the Boundary Commission ruled boundary as virtually demarcated

title: Ethiopia–Russia relations

text: sought to further its disengagement from Ethiopia by welcoming the entry of the United States into the diplomatic process. This included mediation between the regime and the Eritrea People's Liberation Front by American Assistant Secretary of State for African Affairs Herman Cohen. These talks collapsed when the Ethiopian insurgents, under the umbrella grouping known as the Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front, overthrew the communist dictatorship in May 1991 and forced Mengistu into exile in Zimbabwe. Ethiopia–Russia relations Ethiopia–Russia relations () is the relationship between the two countries, Ethiopia and Russia. Both countries established diplomatic relations on April 21, 1943. Russia

title: Ethiopia

text: Africa, which is the easternmost part of the African landmass. Bordering Ethiopia are Sudan and South Sudan to the west, Djibouti and Eritrea to the north, Somalia to the east and Kenya to the south. Within Ethiopia is a vast highland complex of mountains and dissected plateaus divided by the Great Rift Valley, which runs generally southwest to northeast and is surrounded by lowlands, steppes, or semi-desert. The great diversity of terrain determines wide variations in climate, soils, natural vegetation, and settlement patterns. Ethiopia is an ecologically diverse country, ranging from the deserts along the eastern border to the tropical

title: Ethiopia–Kenya relations

text: Ethiopia–Kenya relations Ethiopia–Kenya relations are bilateral relations between Ethiopia and Kenya. The two nations maintain primarily trade ties. Ethiopia first established ties with the British colonial administration in the East Africa Protectorate in 1907, when the Ethiopia-Kenya border was initially defined. The boundary was further clarified in 1947, and then formally demarcated in 1950-1955. In 1954, Ethiopia established an Honorary Consulate General in Kenya, formally establishing ties between it and the colonial administration. During Ethiopia's occupation by Italy, Ethiopian forces operated in British Kenyan territory, where they retrieved supplies. The Kenyan rebel group Mau Mau also operated within Ethiopian territory

title: Ethiopia–Sudan relations

text: number of Sudanese embassy staff, and terminating all Sudan Airways and Ethiopian Airlines flights between the two countries. However the start of the Eritrean–Ethiopian War led to Sudan and Ethiopia put this conflict between them and normalizing their relations by November 1999 when president Omar Hassan al-Bashir made a formal visit to Addis Ababa. Efforts to demarcate the porous boundary with Sudan were delayed by the Second Sudanese Civil War. In May 2008, residents along the western Ethiopian border reportedly discovered that the government had agreed to demarcate this boundary when Sudanese soldiers forced them out of their homes. It

title: Aysha, Ethiopia

text: been estimated to be 1,321. The town's inhabitants belong to various mainly Afro-Asiatic-speaking ethnic groups, with the Issa Somali predominant. Aysha has a hot desert climate ("BWh") in Köppen-Geiger system. Aysha, Ethiopia Aysha is a town in Ethiopia. It is situated about 36 kilometres (22 miles) South of the border with Djibouti and 20 km (12 mi) West of the border with Somalia. Located in the Shinile Zone in the Somali Region. This town served by a station on the Addis Ababa - Djibouti Railway. Somali-Ethiopian war in 1963, a terrible massacre was perpetrated by the Ethiopian soldiers in Aysha,

title: Aysha, Ethiopia

text: Aysha, Ethiopia Aysha is a town in Ethiopia. It is situated about 36 kilometres (22 miles) South of the border with Djibouti and 20 km (12 mi) West of the border with Somalia. Located in the Shinile Zone in the Somali Region. This town served by a station on the Addis Ababa - Djibouti Railway. Somali-Ethiopian war in 1963, a terrible massacre was perpetrated by the Ethiopian soldiers in Aysha, mainly populated by the Issa Somali. Among the latter, those who succeeded in fleeing arrived at Dikhil and Ali Sabieh in Djibouti. As of 2012, the population of Aysha has

title: Dolo, Ethiopia

text: Dolo was one of several border points in the Ogaden where heavy fighting between Somalia and Ethiopia occurred during the first three months of 1964. On December 1972 Tenneco Oil Co. discovered a natural gas deposit yielding of gas a day at Dolo. This led to the border area between Ethiopia, Somalia and Kenya being considered "politically hot". Based on figures from the Central Statistical Agency in 2005, this town has an estimated total population of 30,970, of whom 16,572 are men and 14,398 are women. The 1997 census reported this town had a total population of 20,762 of whom

title: Eritrea–Ethiopia relations

text: The next day, they signed a joint declaration formally ending the Eritrean–Ethiopian border conflict. Another peace agreement was signed in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia on 16 September later that year. Eritrea–Ethiopia relations Relations between Eritrea and Ethiopia are historically adversarial. Immediately after Eritrea's independence from Ethiopia in 1993, relations were cordial despite the former relationship. Since independence Eritrea's relationship with Ethiopia was entirely political, especially in the resuscitation and expansion of IGAD's scope. Since 1998 and the Eritrean–Ethiopian War, the relationship became increasingly hostile. Ties were reestablished on 9 July 2018 leading to new improved relations. Eritrea seceded from Ethiopia through

title: Eritrean–Ethiopian border conflict

text: Eritrean–Ethiopian border conflict The Eritrean–Ethiopian border conflict was a violent standoff and a proxy conflict between Eritrea and Ethiopia, and part of the more general violence in the Horn of Africa. It consisted of a series of incidents along the then-disputed border; including the Eritrean–Ethiopian War of 1998–2000 and the subsequent Second Afar Insurgency. The border conflict was a continuation of the Eritrean–Ethiopian War of 1998–2000. It included multiple clashes with numerous casualties, including the Battle of Tsorona in 2016. Ethiopia stated in 2018 that it would cede Badme to Eritrea. This led to the Eritrea–Ethiopia summit on 9July 2018,

title: Visa policy of Ethiopia

text: Visa policy of Ethiopia Visitors to Ethiopia must obtain a visa from one of the Ethiopian diplomatic missions unless they come from one of the visa exempt countries or countries whose citizens are eligible to apply for an electronic visa or visa on arrival. Citizens of the following 2 countries do not require a visa to visit Ethiopia: Holders of diplomatic or service passports of any country other than Pakistan and Somalia do not require a visa for up to 3 months. Visas are required for all visitors (except Kenya and Djibouti nationals) and they must be obtained from one

title: Dolo, Ethiopia

text: 10,948 were men and 9,814 women. The largest ethnic group reported in this town was the Somali (97.97%). It is the largest settlement in Dolo Ado woreda. There is road service to Dolo as well as air service to Addis Ababa from Dolo Airport Dolo, Ethiopia Dolo is a town in southeastern Ethiopia, within 30 kilometers of the Ethiopia-Somalia border. Located in the Liben Zone of the Somali Region, this town has a latitude and longitude of . The Mena River flows to the northeast. When a delegation from the UNDP visited the town in February 1994, they reported that

title: Dolo, Ethiopia

text: Dolo, Ethiopia Dolo is a town in southeastern Ethiopia, within 30 kilometers of the Ethiopia-Somalia border. Located in the Liben Zone of the Somali Region, this town has a latitude and longitude of . The Mena River flows to the northeast. When a delegation from the UNDP visited the town in February 1994, they reported that an elementary school was present, but not functioning because of a "lack of basic school materials and lack of budget for teachers salary". One of the earliest recorded mentions of Dolo was during Fitawrari Habte Giyorgis's campaign against the Borana, when he reached as

title: 2018 Eritrea–Ethiopia summit

text: state of war between Ethiopia and Eritrea has come to an end; a new era of peace and friendship has been opened." In the joint declaration, the two countries agreed to resume diplomatic relations and transport, trade and communications links, implement the EEBC's border ruling, and ensure regional peace and cooperation. Abiy then departed Asmara—again with President Isaias bidding him farewell at the airport—and returned to Addis Ababa. Abiy was accompanied by Workneh Gebeyehu, Minister of Foreign Affairs, Muferiat Kamil, the Speaker of the House of Peoples' Representatives, Keria Ibrahim, the Speaker of the House of Federation, and Seyoum Awol,

text: restricted movement of ground patrols inside the buffer zone. United Nations Security Council Resolution 1640 in November 2005 threatened sanctions on both parties if there was no resolution. In September 2007, United Nations special envoy to the Horn of Africa, Kjell Magne Bondevik, warned that war could resume between Ethiopia and Eritrea over their border conflict. In November, Eritrea accepted the border line demarcated by the international boundary commission, which was rejected by Ethiopia. In January 2008 the UN extended the mandate of peacekeepers on Ethiopia-Eritrea border for six months, and UN Security Council demanded Eritrea lift fuel restrictions imposed

title: Ethiopia

text: unofficial trade of live cattle, camels, sheep, and goats from Ethiopia sold to Somalia, Djibouti, and Kenya generates an estimated total value of between 250 and US$300 million annually (100 times more than the official figure). This trade helps lower food prices, increase food security, relieve border tensions, and promote regional integration. However, the unregulated and undocumented nature of this trade runs risks, such as allowing disease to spread more easily across national borders. Furthermore, the government of Ethiopia is purportedly unhappy with lost tax revenue and foreign exchange revenues. Recent initiatives have sought to document and regulate this trade.

title: Ethiopia–Kenya relations

text: during the former's struggle for independence. In 1961, while Kenya was still a British colony, Ethiopia appointed its first Ambassador to Kenya. Kenya opened an embassy in Addis Ababa six years later. After Kenya's independence, a Joint Inter-Ministerial Consultative Committee reviewed the boundary between both nations. A treaty to this effect was subsequently signed in 1970. Ethiopia and Kenya maintain trading ties. Both countries are members of the IGAD trade bloc. However, commerce is largely unidirectional, with Ethiopia mainly importing products from Kenya. In 2012, Ethiopia exported $4 million worth of goods to Kenya, while Kenya exported $54 million in

title: Geography of Ethiopia

text: of small parcels along the border with Sudan as well. Geography of Ethiopia Ethiopia is located in the Horn of Africa. It is bordered by Eritrea to the north, Djibouti and Somalia to the east, Sudan and South Sudan to the west, and Kenya to the south. Ethiopia has a high central plateau that varies from above sea level, with the highest mountain reaching . Elevation is generally highest just before the point of descent to the Great Rift Valley, which splits the plateau diagonally. A number of rivers cross the plateau; notably the Blue Nile rising from Lake Tana.

title: Eritrea–Ethiopia relations

text: militant groups against Ethiopia as well. The United Nations Security Council argues that Eritrea and Ethiopia have expanded their dispute to a second theater, Somalia. On March 2012, Ethiopia attacked Eritrean army outposts along the border. Addis Ababa said the assault was in retaliation for the training and support given by Asmara to subversives while Eritrea said the U.S knew of the attacks, an accusation denied by US officials. At a summit on July 8, 2018 in Asmara, Eritrea's President Isaias Afewerki and Ethiopia's Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed pledged to restore diplomatic relations and open their borders to each other.

title: Ethiopia

text: was 9.5 billion kWh and consumption was 6.7 billion kWh. There were 1.1 billion kWh in electricity exports, 0 kWh in electricity imports, and 2.4 million kW of installed generating capacity. Ethiopia delivers roughly 81% of water volume to the Nile through the river basins of the Blue Nile, Sobat River and Atbara. In 1959, Egypt and Sudan signed a bilateral treaty, the 1959 Nile Waters Agreement, which gave both countries exclusive maritime rights over the Nile waters. Ever since, Egypt under international law vetoed almost all projects in Ethiopia that sought to utilize the local Nile tributaries. This had

title: Ethiopia

text: February 16, 2018, the government of Ethiopia declared a six-month nationwide state of emergency following the resignation of Prime Minister Hailemariam Desalegn. Hailemariam is the first ruler in modern Ethiopian history to step down; previous leaders have died in office or been overthrown. He said he wanted to clear the way for reforms. His successor, Abiy Ahmed, made a historic visit to Eritrea in 2018, ending the state of conflict between the countries. The politics of Ethiopia takes place in a framework of a federal parliamentary republic, wherein the Prime Minister is the head of government. The President is the

title: Deforestation in Ethiopia

text: in the water to the neighboring countries of Sudan and Egypt. Historically, forests have been very important for the livelihoods of the people of Ethiopia. The Ethiopian people used trees for lumber for construction, and to fuel their cooking fires. They also made traditional medicines from trees and other forest plants. Forests were also important in Ethiopian religious beliefs; the people believed in holy spirits in the forest that they treat in the same way as human beings. Mitchell Page states that over 6603 plant species live in Ethiopia, of which approximately one fifth are not native to other countries.

title: Rama, Ethiopia

text: Rama there are 2 elementary schools( RSSS and Memanu elementar) RSSS was built when haileselassie was on power, 1 high school and 1 preparatory. Rama, Ethiopia Rama (also called Mai Lala, Lala) is a town in northern Ethiopia. Located 35 km north of the town of Adwa and 7 kilometers from the border with Eritrea, in the Mehakelegnaw (Central) Zone of the Tigray Region, this town occupies a fertile lowland area and has a latitude and longitude of with an elevation of 1385 meters above sea level. It is the administrative center of Mereb Lehe woreda. A point of interest

title: Rama, Ethiopia

text: Rama, Ethiopia Rama (also called Mai Lala, Lala) is a town in northern Ethiopia. Located 35 km north of the town of Adwa and 7 kilometers from the border with Eritrea, in the Mehakelegnaw (Central) Zone of the Tigray Region, this town occupies a fertile lowland area and has a latitude and longitude of with an elevation of 1385 meters above sea level. It is the administrative center of Mereb Lehe woreda. A point of interest in Rama is the nearby church, Kor Nebir Mikael. Records at the Nordic Africa Institute website provide details of a primary school in Rama

title: Dila, Ethiopia

text: Dila, Ethiopia Dilla () is a market town and separate woreda in southern Ethiopia. The administrative center of the Gedeo Zone in the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples Region (SNNPR), it is located on the main road from Addis Ababa to Nairobi. The town has a longitude and latitude of , with an elevation of 1570 meters above sea level. It was part of Wenago woreda and is currently surrounded by Dila Zuria woreda. Until the completion in the early 1970s of the tarmac road to the Kenya border, Dilla had been located at the southern end of the all-weather

title: Water conflict between Ethiopia and Kenya

text: Water conflict between Ethiopia and Kenya The water conflict between Ethiopia and Kenya is a development dispute due to the receding water resource along the border between Ethiopia and Kenya. Ethiopia decided to build the Gilgel Gibe III Dam on the Omo River to provide hydropower electricity to Ethiopia as well as Egypt, Sudan, Djibouti, Kenya, Uganda and Yemen. Considering rising temperatures, desertification and because the Omo is the main water source for several Ethiopian and Kenyan tribes, the dam could potentially cause violent conflict. Professor Aaron Wolf identified the problem's two major factors as:economic and population growth, and institutional

title: Military history of Ethiopia

text: claims Ethiopia launched air strikes against Eritrea's capital Asmara while Ethiopia accused Eritrea of striking first. The fighting led to massive internal displacement in both countries as civilians fled the war zone. The conflict ended in stalemate and deployment of UNMEE. In 2006, Ethiopia deployed troops to aid the TFG in the ongoing Somali Civil War. ENDF deployed troops in the northern region to aid the TFG and in the southern region with support from the United States Fifth Fleet. By January 2007 Ethiopian forces were about 200,000 troops. On November 2008 Ethiopia announced that they would be removing their

title: People of Ethiopia

text: Ethiopia and recentralising power in the Emperor, that Ethiopia began to take part in world affairs once again. The 1880s were marked by the Scramble for Africa and modernisation in Ethiopia, when the Italians began to vie with the British for influence in bordering regions. Asseb, a port near the southern entrance of the Red Sea, was bought from the local Afar sultan, vassal to the Ethiopian Emperor, in March 1870 by an Italian company, which by 1890 led to the Italian colony of Eritrea. Conflicts between the two countries resulted in the Battle of Adowa in 1896, whereupon the

title: Ethiopia–India relations

text: Ethiopia–India relations India-Ethiopia relations are bilateral diplomatic relations between India and Ethiopia. It was in July 1948, India and Ethiopia first established diplomatic relations at the level of legations. The relationship was raised to ambassadorial level four years later in 1952. India maintains an embassy in Addis Ababa and Ethiopia in New Delhi. The two countries have enjoyed close and friendly relations with India supporting Ethiopian developmental efforts while Ethiopia has supported Indian interests such as its claim to a permanent seat on the United Nations Security Council. India and Ethiopia share a common understanding on such issues as cross-border

title: Foreign relations of Ethiopia

text: an ongoing border dispute between the two countries. The Ethiopian government's relations with the U.S. and the West in general have been centered on military and economic cooperation. In addition, Ethiopia maintains diplomatic links with China, Israel, Mexico and India, among other countries. Addis Ababa also serves as the headquarters of the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (UNECA) and the African Union, as well as numerous other continental and international organizations. Foreign relations of Ethiopia Many historians trace modern Ethiopia's foreign policy to the reign of Emperor Tewodros II, whose primary concerns were the security of Ethiopia's traditional borders,

title: Ethiopia–United States relations

text: settle in Ethiopia. A number of African-Americans did travel to Ethiopia, such as John Robinson who became the commander of the Ethiopian Air force, where they played a number of roles in the modernization of the country before the Italian conquest in 1935. In his autobiography, Emperor Haile Selassie notes that the United States was one of only five countries which refused to recognize the Italian conquest of his country. Following the return of Emperor Haile Selassie to Ethiopia, the United States certified Ethiopia for participation in Lend-Lease. This was followed on 16 May 1944 by the arrival of what

title: Television in Ethiopia

text: of private channels entering the market including what became the most popular channel, Kana TV, to increase the total number of private channels in Ethiopia to 13. In 2016 the government of Ethiopia announced it would be transition the country from analog to digital platform. The American company GatesAir won the contract for the project that will take 5–10 years to fully complete. Channels owned by the Ethiopian Broadcasting Corporation (EBC): Source: Kantar-Geopoll Media Measurement for Ethiopia (March 2017) Television in Ethiopia Television in Ethiopia was introduced in 1946 with the government owned ETV. Color television was introduced in 1964

title: Ethiopia–Finland relations

text: Ethiopia–Finland relations Finland-Ethiopia relations are foreign relations between the Finland and Ethiopia. Both countries established diplomatic relations on July 17, 1959. Ethiopia is represented in Finland through its embassy in Stockholm, Sweden. Finland has an embassy in Addis Ababa. The Ethiopian Ministry of Foreign Affairs traces the relationship between the two countries to the 1950s when Finnish missionaries first came to Ethiopia. In March 1984 the two countries signed a Memorandum on Development Cooperation. In 2003, the Finnish Foreign Minister, Erkki Tuomioja, visited Ethiopia. Ethiopia is one of Finland’s long-term partners in economic development and in the water and education

title: Ethiopia

text: be 56 years and for women 60 years. Exports from Ethiopia in the 2009/2010 financial year totaled US$1.4 billion. The country produces more coffee than any other nation on the continent. Ethiopia also has the 5th largest inventory of cattle. Other main export commodities are khat, gold, leather products, and oilseeds. Recent development of the floriculture sector means Ethiopia is poised to become one of the top flower and plant exporters in the world. Cross-border trade by pastoralists is often informal and beyond state control and regulation. In East Africa, over 95% of cross-border trade is through unofficial channels. The

title: Link Ethiopia

text: 1996 by Chris Grant, a teacher at Dr Challoner's Grammar School in Amersham. After a visit to Ethiopia Chris linked Dr Challoner's with Fasiledes Comprehensive Secondary School in Gondar, Ethiopia's third largest town. The link allowed students at Dr Challoner's to support Fasiledes to improve the educational resources available to them through fundraising efforts at the school as well as providing a base for cultural exchanges between the students keen to find out what life was like in their linked schools countries. In 1996 Chris Grant took a group of Dr Challoner's students to Ethiopia to visit Fasiledes, enabling a

title: Ethiopia–Kenya relations

text: commodities to Ethiopia. In 2012, the countries signed a Special Status Agreement. The deal stipulates that both parties are permitted to open representative offices in each other's territory for trade facilitation, information sharing and liaison purposes. The Ethiopian Parliament later approved the treaty in April 2014. Additionally, the Ethiopian and Kenyan governments have invested in cross-border infrastructure. The Addis Ababa-Nairobi road project was launched in 2012. It was meant to tarmac the 505 km section between Isiolo and Moyale on the frontier. The highway project is slated for completion in 2015. In 2016, the two countries agreed to build an

title: Ethiopia–Ireland relations

text: Ethiopia–Ireland relations Ethiopia–Ireland relations are foreign relations between Ethiopia and Ireland. Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1994 , the same year Ireland opened an embassy in Addis Ababa. Ethiopia has an embassy in Dublin. Both countries signed a Technical Agreement 21 February 1995. That same year the Minister of state for Foreign Affairs in charge of development cooperation, Joan Burton visited Ethiopia. The Minister of Foreign Affairs, Seyoum Mesfin visited Ireland, and in 2002 Prime Minister Meles Zenawi also paid that country a formal visit. Ireland disbursed USD 58.94 million to Ethiopia in 2007, making it sixth in bilateral

title: Health in Ethiopia

text: the expected years lived from age 20 to 64 years and adjusted for educational attainment, learning or education quality, and functional health status was published by the Lancet in September 2018. Ethiopia had the lowest level of expected human capital among the 20 largest countries with less than 5 health, education, and learning-adjusted expected years lived between age 20 and 64 years. This put it in 175th place, an improvement over its position in 1990 when it was 189th. Tuberculosis has been identified as one of the major public health problems in Ethiopia for the past five decades. The effort

title: Deforestation in Ethiopia

text: "Coffea arabica" and harbor their last wild populations. The variability in their tolerance towards diseases and drought reflects the high genetic diversity of the wild coffee populations. Their value has been estimated between 0.42 and 1.458 billion US$ a year. Worldwide about 5 billion kg of coffee per year are consumed in the importing countries. Coffee houses have become popular and the specialty coffee market is booming. Economically valuable forests in Ethiopia, which contain the world’s only wild "Coffea arabica" populations are diminishing and, at current deforestation rates, will be completely lost in 27 years. Deforestation in Ethiopia is caused

title: Visa policy of Ethiopia

text: air, remain in the permitted transit area and depart within 12 hours. Ethiopia launched its own electronic visa platform on 12 June 2017. As of 1 June 2018 nationals of all countries are eligible for eVISA. Travelers with eVISA must enter Ethiopia via Addis Ababa Bole International Airport. Entering from other ports of entry is prohibited. Visa policy of Ethiopia Visitors to Ethiopia must obtain a visa from one of the Ethiopian diplomatic missions unless they come from one of the visa exempt countries or countries whose citizens are eligible to apply for an electronic visa or visa on arrival.

title: Agriculture in Ethiopia

text: environmental experts maintain that large-scale conservation work in Ethiopia has been ineffective. , some countries that import most of their food, such as Saudi Arabia, had begun planning the development of large tracts of arable land in developing countries such as Ethiopia. This has raised fears of food being exported to more prosperous countries while the local population faces its own shortage. Until the 1974 revolution, Ethiopia had a complex land tenure system, which some have described as feudal. In Wollo Province, for example, there were an estimated 111 types of land tenure. The existence of so many land tenure

title: Ethiopia–Qatar relations

text: terrorism was more likely linked to a state sponsored in the gulf countries. In 2005, the countries signed a technical and economic cooperation agreement. Ethiopia–Qatar relations Ethiopia–Qatar relations are foreign relations between Ethiopia and Qatar. As of 2008, neither country has resident embassies. Ethiopia abruptly broke diplomatic ties with Qatar in April 2008, accusing "the output of its media outlets" of "direct and indirect assistance to terrorist organizations," according to an Ethiopian Foreign Ministry statement. The statement further alleged that "Qatar has left no stone unturned to cause harm to Ethiopia's national security". In an interview with Committee to Protect

title: Ethiopia–Russia relations

text: Ethiopia–Russia relations Ethiopia–Russia relations () is the relationship between the two countries, Ethiopia and Russia. Both countries established diplomatic relations on April 21, 1943. Russia currently has an embassy in Addis Ababa, and Ethiopia has an embassy in Moscow. The Ethiopian ambassador to Russia is also accredited to Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan. The history of this relationship has its origins in the 19th century. Russia's first steps in the Horn of Africa were taken by a Cossack adventurer named N.I. Ashinov, who attempted to establish a "New Moscow" at the coastal town

title: Welwel, Ethiopia

text: Welwel, Ethiopia Welwel (also transliterated Walwal; Italian Ual-Ual), is a town in eastern Ethiopia known as the Ogaden. Located in the Werder Zone of the Somali Region, this town has a longitude and latitude of with an elevation of 570 meters above sea level. The Central Statistical Agency has not published an estimate for its 2005 population. Welwel was the oasis in Ethiopia where a border clash occurred in 1934 between the Kingdom of Italy and Ethiopian Empire. Benito Mussolini used this incident as a pretext to invade Ethiopia, which led to the Second Italo-Abyssinian War. Records at the Nordic

title: Denmark–Ethiopia relations

text: aid to Ethiopia amounted 100 million DKK. During the 2011 East Africa drought in Ethiopia and neighboring countries, Denmark has contributed with 130 million DKK to the region. Denmark–Ethiopia relations Denmark–Ethiopia relations refers to the current and historical relations between Denmark and Ethiopia. Denmark has an embassy in Addis Ababa, and Ethiopia is represented in Denmark through its embassy in London. Diplomatic relations were established in the 1960s and since then the relations between Denmark and Ethiopia has had their ups and downs. In 2008, Ethiopian export to Denmark amounted 6,5 million DKK, while Danish export amounted 40,3 million DKK.

title: Ethiopia–India relations

text: stirring call for solidarity with Abyssinia, noting that "We in India can do nothing to help our brethren in distress in Ethiopia for we are also victims of imperialism but we stand with them today in their sorrow as we hope to stand together when better days come". Upon India's independence in 1947, it sent a goodwill mission to Ethiopia and diplomatic relations were established the following year. In 1950 the countries formalised their diplomatic ties and Sardar Sant Singh was appointed India's first Ambassador to Ethiopia. The two countries have since exchanged several visits at the level of Heads

title: Canada–Ethiopia relations

text: Ethiopian Supreme Court Kemal Bedri made a formal visit to that country in 2001. Ethiopia was one of 18 countries, in addition to the West Bank and Caribbean nations, which the Canadian government announced would be preferred in receiving foreign aid in 2009, down from 25 previous years. This was down in hope of focussing resources in order to make a larger impact in these countries. Canada is a significant donor of foreign aid to Ethiopia. Canada's official development assistance in 2007 to Ethiopia totalled US$90.52 million, making it fourth in bilateral donors. In 2001, Canada sent 450 peacekeepers to

title: Ethiopia–Malaysia relations

text: production agreement enabling the latter to explore and produce petroleum in Ethiopia. In 2009, a Malaysian company set up a mushroom farming establishment with an investment of Br285 million. The area covers a 60 hectare mushroom farm near Lake Shala where the main production facility lies. In 2013, a Malaysian edible oil producer built a large food oil refinery in Ethiopia. Besides that, both countries are also working on air transport and Malaysia Airlines has established a codeshare agreement with Ethiopian Airlines. Ethiopia–Malaysia relations Ethiopia–Malaysia relations ( ; ; Jawi: هوبوڠن حبشة–مليسيا) are foreign relations between Ethiopia and Malaysia. Ethiopia

title: Ethiopia–Japan relations

text: Zenawi also made a formal visit to Japan. In return, the Japanese Foreign Minister Yoriko Kawaguchi visited Ethiopia in 2002. Ethiopia–Japan relations Ethiopia–Japan relations are the international relations between Ethiopia and Japan. Both were nations with an ancient history which successfully repulsed European military advances to dominate them, Ethiopia at the Battle of Adwa, and Japan at the Battle of Tsushima, and as a result both nations considered each other potential allies prior to World War II. Both countries signed a Treaty of Friendship and Commerce in 1930. The next year, Ethiopia reached out to her potential Asian ally when

title: Ethiopia–Greece relations

text: 1955, and 1959, the volume of trade between them remains very low. The Greek Minister of Foreign Affairs, Theodoros Pangalos, made a formal visit to Ethiopia in 1998. The nationalization of properties owned by Greek nationals in Ethiopia during the Derg regime is a factor in the relationship between the two countries. Ethiopia–Greece relations Ethiopian-Greek relations are the international relations between Ethiopia and Greece. Although the first Greek diplomatic mission in Ethiopia dates to 1917 with the creation of a Greek Consulate, immigrants from Greece have been present in Ethiopia in the service of the Emperor or nobility since at

title: Ethiopia–Greece relations

text: Ethiopia–Greece relations Ethiopian-Greek relations are the international relations between Ethiopia and Greece. Although the first Greek diplomatic mission in Ethiopia dates to 1917 with the creation of a Greek Consulate, immigrants from Greece have been present in Ethiopia in the service of the Emperor or nobility since at least the mid-18th century. In 1935 the consulate was upgraded to an embassy. From 1951 to 1992, Ethiopia had an embassy in Athens but was forced to close it due to economic reasons; since that time, Ethiopia has reopened its embassy in Athens. Although the two countries signed trade agreements in 1933,

title: Welwel, Ethiopia

text: Africa Institute website provide details of a test oil well drilled at Welwel by Sinclair Oil in 1955, and about Fitawrari Wolde Amanuel primary school in Welwel during the year 1968. Welwel, Ethiopia Welwel (also transliterated Walwal; Italian Ual-Ual), is a town in eastern Ethiopia known as the Ogaden. Located in the Werder Zone of the Somali Region, this town has a longitude and latitude of with an elevation of 570 meters above sea level. The Central Statistical Agency has not published an estimate for its 2005 population. Welwel was the oasis in Ethiopia where a border clash occurred in

title: Ethiopia–Malaysia relations

text: Ethiopia–Malaysia relations Ethiopia–Malaysia relations ( ; ; Jawi: هوبوڠن حبشة–مليسيا) are foreign relations between Ethiopia and Malaysia. Ethiopia has a consulate-general in Kuala Lumpur, while Malaysia has no embassy in Ethiopia. The relations are much more focused on economic co-operation. The Ethiopian general-consulate in Kuala Lumpur was established in 2003, with the main purpose of the consulate being to enhance trade and economic activities between the two countries and for closer person-to-person contact. Malaysia is one of the major trade partners of Ethiopia. In 2005, Ethiopia’s Ministry of Mines and Petronas, a Malaysian oil firm, signed a four-year exploration and

title: Ethiopia–Israel relations

text: Israel to emigrate from Ethiopia to Israel. Ethiopia–Israel relations Ethiopia–Israel relations are foreign relations between Ethiopia and Israel. Both countries re-established diplomatic relations in 1992. Ethiopia has an embassy in Tel Aviv; the ambassador is also accredited to the Holy See, Greece and Cyprus. Israel has an embassy in Addis Ababa; the ambassador is also accredited to Rwanda and Burundi. Israel has been one of Ethiopia's most reliable suppliers of military assistance, supporting different Ethiopian governments during the Eritrean War of Independence. In 2012, an Ethiopian-born Israeli, Belaynesh Zevadia, was appointed Israeli ambassador to Ethiopia. During the imperial era, Israeli

title: Canada–Ethiopia relations

text: Canada–Ethiopia relations Canada–Ethiopia relations are foreign relations between Canada and Ethiopia. Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1956. Canada opened an embassy in Addis Ababa in 1957; although Ethiopia opened an embassy in Ottawa in 1962, it was closed the next year due to financial constraints and not re-opened until 1989. The Ethiopian ambassador is also accredited to: Cuba, Jamaica and the International Civil Aviation Organization. The Canadian Prime Minister, Jean Chrétien made a visit to Ethiopia in 2002. The Vice Minister of the Ministry of Transport and Communication Ayenew Bitewilign visited Canada in 1995, while the President of the

title: Ethiopia–Finland relations

text: water supply and sanitation program to achieve universal access for all Ethiopians. On 28 July 2009, the Finnish Ambassador, Kirsti Aarnio, praised Ethiopia’s effort to pull itself out of poverty by achieving successive economic growth. She described their trade as Finland importing coffee, spices and leather from Ethiopia, while Ethiopia buys in various high-tech products from Finland. She also stated that ample opportunities existed where the two sides can boost cooperation in the areas of environment, information technology, telecommunication services and energy. Ethiopia–Finland relations Finland-Ethiopia relations are foreign relations between the Finland and Ethiopia. Both countries established diplomatic relations on

title: Politics of Ethiopia

text: key partner for countries concerned about security in the region, especially the US, UK and the European Union." A group of Ethiopian royalists continue to operate The Crown Council of Ethiopia as a government in exile. Politics of Ethiopia The politics of Ethiopia arise from the way the government of Ethiopia is structured as well as socioeconomic factors. The government of Ethiopia is structured in the form of a federal parliamentary republic, whereby the Prime Minister is the head of government. Executive power is exercised by the government while legislative power is vested in the Parliament. The Judiciary is more

title: Wildlife of Ethiopia

text: make honey and oil. Moreover, many of the floras in Ethiopia can be used flavoring or spice. Ethiopia has different climate and geological zones that provide different types floras. There are different alpines and evergreen floras. There are some plants that Ethiopia exports to other countries like coffee and Kat which is significant to their economy. Wildlife of Ethiopia Ethiopia has a large variety of indigenous plant and animal species. In some areas, the mountains are covered with shrubs such as pyracantha, jasmine, poinsettia, and a varied assortment of evergreens. Caraway, carcade, cardamom, chat, coriander, incense, myrrh, and red pepper

title: HIV/AIDS in Ethiopia

text: displacements caused by cross-border tensions. As of January 2009, there were an estimated 97,300 refugees in Ethiopia. A program is being developed to distribute generic drugs donated by various aid groups to women of childbearing years. HIV/AIDS in Ethiopia Ethiopia has a large and very vulnerable population, with an estimated 15 percent of the population living below the poverty line. HIV/AIDS is one of the key challenges for the overall development of Ethiopia, as it has led to a seven-year decrease in life expectancy and a greatly reduced workforce. Ethiopia faces an epidemic among sub-populations and geographic areas, with an

title: Economy of Ethiopia

text: a new source of revenue: for 2005/2006 (the latest year available) Ethiopia's coffee exports represented 0.9% of the world exports, and oilseeds and flowers each representing 0.5%. Ethiopia is Africa's second biggest maize producer. In 2000, Ethiopia's livestock contributed to 19% of total GDP. , some countries that import most of their food, such as Saudi Arabia, have begun planning the purchase and development of large tracts of arable land in developing countries such as Ethiopia. This land grabbing has raised fears of food being exported to more prosperous countries while the local population faces its own shortage. Forest products

title: Ethiopia–Japan relations

text: Ethiopia–Japan relations Ethiopia–Japan relations are the international relations between Ethiopia and Japan. Both were nations with an ancient history which successfully repulsed European military advances to dominate them, Ethiopia at the Battle of Adwa, and Japan at the Battle of Tsushima, and as a result both nations considered each other potential allies prior to World War II. Both countries signed a Treaty of Friendship and Commerce in 1930. The next year, Ethiopia reached out to her potential Asian ally when Ethiopian Foreign Minister Heruy Welde Sellase visited Japan in 1931, dramatizing the possible benefits—economic and military—of cooperation between the two

title: Ethiopia–Israel relations

text: Ethiopia–Israel relations Ethiopia–Israel relations are foreign relations between Ethiopia and Israel. Both countries re-established diplomatic relations in 1992. Ethiopia has an embassy in Tel Aviv; the ambassador is also accredited to the Holy See, Greece and Cyprus. Israel has an embassy in Addis Ababa; the ambassador is also accredited to Rwanda and Burundi. Israel has been one of Ethiopia's most reliable suppliers of military assistance, supporting different Ethiopian governments during the Eritrean War of Independence. In 2012, an Ethiopian-born Israeli, Belaynesh Zevadia, was appointed Israeli ambassador to Ethiopia. During the imperial era, Israeli advisers trained paratroops and counterinsurgency units belonging

title: Maternal health in Ethiopia

text: maternal death decreased from 523,000 in 1990 to 289,000 in 2013 globally which accounts for 45% reduction. It was reduced from 990,000 t0 510,000 for Sub-Saharan countries in the same year of interval with 49% reduction. In this report, maternal death in Ethiopia reduced from 43,300 to 13,000 from 1990 to 2013 indicating a reduction by 38% and with 4% contribution to the overall global maternal death. These figures indicate that reduction in maternal death in Ethiopia is below the overage for Sub-Saharan countries or the globe, despite the major progresses and achievements the country has made. Moreover, Ethiopia has

title: Egypt–Ethiopia relations

text: basin colonies awarded the former the right to veto any project that it deems threatening to its water share. Recently, however, Ethiopia announced the Grand Renaissance Dam project, which would allow it to better exploit its water resources, rejecting the old treaty and stressing that it wasn't a member back then. According to the Egyptian authorities, the dam, if built, would negatively affect Egypt's water share, estimated at 57 percent of the Nile waters. Ethiopia turned down several requests from Egypt to pause the construction, furthering tensions between the two countries. Egypt–Ethiopia relations Egypt–Ethiopia relations refer to the bilateral relations

title: China–Ethiopia relations

text: China ($3.4 billion in 2015) greatly exceeding exports from Ethiopia to China ($380 million in 2015). The Chinese appear to be interested in Ethiopia for political reasons (among African countries, its governance and developmental orientation is closest to that of China, and it hosts the African Union headquarters), and as a business partner. Ethiopia's focus on infrastructure has created numerous opportunities for Chinese construction firms. Ethiopia is also a significant market for Chinese exports that will expand as Ethiopia's rapid economic growth continues. For Ethiopia, Chinese finance provides critical support for the government's legitimacy, as electricity, transport, and employment opportunities

title: Ethiopia–Russia relations

text: in Ethiopia, notably facilities for naval reconnaissance flights in Asmara. Politically, the Soviet Union pushed Mengistu to develop a "national-democratic" regime, along the lines of the Eastern European countries. This was something he did reluctantly, as the Workers' Party of Ethiopia was not established until 1984. Economically, the Soviets provided limited credits to develop basic industries such as utilities. A significant number of Soviet professionals such as doctors and engineers also traveled to Ethiopia. Soviet policy towards Ethiopia remained relatively unchanged until the accession of Mikhail Gorbachev to General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in 1985.

title: Deforestation in Ethiopia

text: Deforestation in Ethiopia Deforestation in Ethiopia is due to locals clearing forests for their personal needs, such as for fuel, hunting, agriculture, and at times for religious reasons. The main causes of deforestation in Ethiopia are shifting agriculture, livestock production and fuel in drier areas. Deforestation is the process of removing the forest ecosystem by cutting the trees and changing the shape of the land to suit different uses. Among developing countries, especially in Africa, Ethiopia is exceptionally rich in history, as well as cultural and biological diversity. It is home to one of the earliest ancestors of the human

title: Local border traffic

text: traffic on the Yugoslavia — Italy border in Istria registered almost seven million crossings in both directions. In 1977 Yugoslavia had 55 local border traffic agreements with the neighboring countries, including 7 with Italy, 11 with Austria, 8 with Hungary, 10 with Romania, 8 with Bulgaria, 5 with Greece. Local border traffic The local border traffic or small border traffic is the cross-border traffic of the residents of the border area. In many cases local border traffic is subject to bilateral regulation aimed at the simplification of border crossing for these residents. Often, additional border crossing points are created to

title: Ethiopia–Turkey relations

text: Ethiopia–Turkey relations Ethiopian–Turkish relations are foreign relations between Ethiopia and Turkey. Ethiopia opened an embassy in Ankara in 1959, but was forced to close it in 1976 due to economic constraints; it was recently re-opened in 2006. The Ottoman Empire had an honorary Consul in Harar during 1910-1912, and opened a diplomatic consulate in Addis Ababa in 1912; the Republic of Turkey re-opened a consulate in that city, headed by Charge d'affaires, in 1925. Turkey was the sixth country to open an embassy in Ethiopia. Today the relations between the two countries have been described as excellent, both politically and

title: Food security in Ethiopia

text: conditions such as the high food and fuel prices that have persisted in the country since 2008 and the global financial crisis have also contributed to Ethiopia's failing food security. Ethiopia is considered a least developed country ranked 171 out of 182 countries in the UNDP Human Development Index for 2009. In the 2010 Global Hunger Index, which ranks developing countries and countries in transition based on proportion of undernourished people, proportion of underweight children under five, and child mortality rate, Ethiopia was given a 29.8, on a scale of 0-100, with 0 being the best and 100 the worst

title: Ethiopia

text: by the hope of better lives. In peasant associations daily life is a struggle to survive. About 16% of the population in Ethiopia are living on less than 1 dollar per day (2008). Only 65% of rural households in Ethiopia consume the World Health Organization's minimum standard of food per day (2,200 kilocalories), with 42% of children under 5 years old being underweight. Most poor families (75%) share their sleeping quarters with livestock, and 40% of children sleep on the floor, where nighttime temperatures average 5 degrees Celsius in the cold season. The average family size is six or seven,

title: Ethiopia

text: plans to carry out similar resettlements in other regions. The Ethiopian government has denied the accusations of land grabbing and instead pointed to the positive trajectory of the countries economy as evidence of the development program's benefits. Before 1996, Ethiopia was divided into thirteen provinces, many derived from historical regions. The nation now has a tiered governmental system consisting of a federal government overseeing ethnically based regional states, zones, districts ("woreda"), and "kebeles" ("neighbourhoods"). Since 1996, Ethiopia has been divided into nine ethnically-based and politically autonomous regional states ("kililoch", singular "kilil" ) and two chartered cities ("astedader akababiwoch", singular "astedader

title: Ethiopia

text: head of state left with only ceremonial powers. Executive power is exercised by the government. Federal legislative power is vested in both the government and the two chambers of parliament. On the basis of Article 78 of the 1994 Ethiopian Constitution, the Judiciary is completely independent of the executive and the legislature. The current realities of this provision are questioned in a report prepared by Freedom House. According to the Democracy Index published by the United Kingdom-based Economist Intelligence Unit in late 2010, Ethiopia is an "authoritarian regime", ranking as the 118th-most democratic out of 167 countries. Ethiopia has dropped

title: China–Ethiopia relations

text: with Africans, which is attested not only in contemporary documents, but from archeological finds of Chinese coins and porcelain. Despite this early commercial contact, neither side showed much interest in diplomatic activity with one another until the twentieth century. China was one of only five governments which refused to recognize Italy's conquest of Ethiopia. Relations were poor during the Haile Selassie era, when Ethiopia was allied with the western powers in the Cold War. Chinese support for the Eritrean People's Liberation Front contributed to tension between the countries from 1967. However, the two countries established diplomatic relations on 1 December

title: Ethiopia–Russia relations

text: "no doubt political, but the fact that both countries were Orthodox encouraged favorable attitudes on both sides." Russia provided the mountain guns the Ethiopian army used in the 1895 Battle of Adwa. The Soviet Union was one of only five nations which refused to acknowledge Italy's occupation of Ethiopia. Official diplomatic relations between the two countries were established 21 April 1943. Ethiopia established friendly relations with the Soviet Union following a 1974 uprising that forced the long serving Emperor Haile Selassie to cede power to a military council called the Derg ("Committee" in Ge'ez). Despite the implementation of a series

title: Croatia–Slovenia border disputes

text: since this division has never been based on what he considers proper legal acts and especially not on the will of Istria's native population. Therefore, Bučar proposed that the border in Istria should be determined by referendums carried out in any territory both countries wish to claim. This proposal is, according to Bučar, based upon the legal principle of self-determination, the same principle on which both countries' 1991 Declarations of Independence were based. Such a border determination process was employed in the Carinthian Plebiscite to determine the Slovenian–Austrian border. Sveta Gera (), the Žumberak/Gorjanci mountain range's highest peak, was disputed

title: Forestry in Ethiopia

text: 5 to 20% in some areas to 40% in others, largely because of inadequate care and premature cutting by peasants. In late 1990, Addis Ababa was in the process of launching the Ethiopian Forestry Action Plan (EFAP) to improve woodland conservation, increase public participation in reforestation projects, and prevent further depletion of existing forest resources. It remained to be seen whether this plan would improve the state of Ethiopia's forests. It is estimated that in 2000 Ethiopia had 4,344,000 ha of natural forest area, which is 4% of its total land area. Compared to other East African countries Ethiopia’s deforestation

title: Renewable energy in Ethiopia

text: Renewable energy in Ethiopia Ethiopia generates most of its electricity from renewable energy, mainly hydropower. In 2011, over 96% of Ethiopia's electricity was from hydropower. The country began a large program to expand electricity supply in the 2010s from 2,000 MW to 10,000 MW. This was to be done mainly with renewable sources. Wind and geothermal were included to offset seasonal differences in water levels. Ethiopia plans to export electricity to neighboring countries but transmission lines will need to be upgraded and expanded. Most of the energy needs of Ethiopia are filled by biofuels for cooking, heating, and off-grid lighting.

title: Bahá'í Faith in Ethiopia

text: Rúhíyyih Khanum travelled through many countries including Ethiopia. She arrived in Ethiopia October 15 and spent a month touring the Bahá'í communities with coverage by print and, for the first time in Ethiopia radio, news outlets on her arrival. She was received by Haile Selassie I of Ethiopia the same day. In the half-hour interview she communicated how she had long admired him because of the way he had conducted himself in the face of the many trials and hardships of his life, and by the way he had overcome them. Selassie gave her a gold medal from his Coronation.

title: Nordic countries

text: countries' borders without having their passport checked, but still have to carry some sort of approved travel identification documents. As of November 2015, there are temporary border controls set up between Denmark and Sweden. These border controls were set up to tackle the issue with immigrants coming to Sweden in relation to the ongoing European migrant crisis Since 1996, these countries have been part of the larger EU directive Schengen Agreement area, comprising 30 countries in Europe. Border checkpoints have been removed within the Schengen zone and only a national ID card is required. Within the Nordic area any means

title: History of Ethiopia

text: conclude an alliance with Ethiopia and obtain a port on the Red Sea in case France conquered Egypt. The success of this mission opened Ethiopia to many more travellers, missionaries and merchants of all countries, and the stream of Europeans continued until well into Tewodros's reign. This isolation was pierced by very few European travellers. One was the French physician C.J. Poncet, who went there in 1698, via Sennar and the Blue Nile. After him James Bruce entered the country in 1769, with the object of discovering the sources of the Nile, which he was convinced lay in Ethiopia. Accordingly,

title: Healthcare in Ethiopia

text: government began distributing antiretroviral drugs, hoping to reach up to 30,000 HIV-infected adults. According to the head of the World Bank's Global HIV/AIDS Program, in 2007 Ethiopia had only 1 medical doctor per 100,000 people. However, the World Health Organization in its 2006 World Health Report gives a figure of 1936 physicians (for 2003), which is about 2.6 per 100,000. There were 119 hospitals (12 in Addis Ababa alone) and 412 health centers in Ethiopia in 2005. Globalization is said to affect the country, with many educated professionals leaving Ethiopia for a better economic opportunity in better-developed countries. Ethiopia's main

title: Protestantism in Ethiopia

text: the "imported" doctrine and have sent them to Addis Ababa to Queen (Itege) Teitu. The conflict was resolved by the governor of Bege Mider Dej. Wubneh Gosaye. The voice of Martyrs suspect that these two young men, who one of them later became an editor of prominent newspaper in Ethiopia might have been caught by proselytizing scheme of the Lutherans. Anglicanism is represented in Ethiopia by the Episcopal Church in Jerusalem and the Middle East; Ethiopia is part of the Diocese of Egypt, which also includes other countries on the Horn of Africa and in North Africa. There is one