query: who is the present president of china?

title: President of the People's Republic of China

text: the legislature, and is not legally vested to take executive action on its own prerogative. The current President is Xi Jinping, who took office in March 2013. Since 1993, apart from brief periods of transition, the top leader of China simultaneously serves as the President, the leader of the party, and the commander-in-chief of the military (as Chairman of the Central Military Commission). This individual then carries out different duties under separate titles. For example, the leader meets foreign dignitaries and receives ambassadors in his capacity as President, issues military directives as Chairman of the Central Military Commission, and upholds

title: The Governance of China

text: The Governance of China The Governance of China is a Chinese political book in two volumes written by Xi Jinping, the general secretary of the Communist Party of China and current president of the People's Republic of China. The first volume was published in 2014, and the second volume was published in 2017. The work is a collection of several dozen speeches and writings by Xi on a variety of topics, which present an official party line for China's development in the 21st century. In these respects, "Governance of China" is a literary successor to Mao Zedong's "Quotations from Chairman

title: Spouse of the President of China

text: Spouse of the President of China The Spouse of the President of the People's Republic of China, also known as the First Lady of China, is the spouse or wife of the President of China. To date there have been 7 women who have been married to the Chinese president while in office. The role of the Presidential Spouse is not an official office, as they are not given a salary or official duties. Most spouses have remained very much in the background. However, the current spouse Peng Liyuan has gained public attention through her own independent careers and achievements.

title: Spouse of the President of China

title: President of the Republic of China

text: President of the Republic of China The President of the Republic of China, is the head of state of the Republic of China, commonly known as Taiwan. Since 1996, the President is directly elected by plurality voting to a four-year term, with at most one re-election. The incumbent, Tsai Ing-Wen, succeeded Ma Ying-jeou on 20 May 2016 as the first female president in the nation's history. Originally established in Nanking in 1912, the Republic of China and its president relocated to Taiwan in 1949 after losing the Chinese civil war. The president is currently elected by a plurality voting direct

title: President of the Republic of China

text: election of the areas administered by the Republic of China for a term of four years. Before 1991, the president was selected by the National Assembly of the Republic of China for a term of six years. The Constitution names the president as head of state and commander-in-chief of the Republic of China Armed Forces (formerly known as the National Revolutionary Army). The president is responsible for conducting foreign relations, such as concluding treaties, declaring war, and making peace. The president must promulgate all laws and has no right to veto. Other powers of the president include granting amnesty, pardon

title: Vice President of the Republic of China

text: Vice President of the Republic of China The Vice President of Taiwan , officially the Vice President of the Republic of China(), is the second-highest executive official of Taiwan. Since 1996, the President and the Vice President are elected together by direct plurality voting to a four-year term. Chen Chien-jen is the current Vice President of the Republic of China. Originally established in Nanking, the ROC government , along with its presidency, relocated to Taiwan after losing the Chinese Civil War in 1949. Under Article 49 the Constitution of the Republic of China, in case the office of the President

title: President of the Republic of China

text: the "provisional president" () of the transitional government, with the Republic of China officially established on January 1, 1912. But Sun soon resigned from the provisional presidency in favor of Yuan Shikai, who assumed the title "Great President" () in March 1912. Yuan induced the Last Emperor to abdicate, ending thousands of years of imperial rule in China. The 1913 Constitution called for a strong presidential system with notable checks on the president by the National Assembly. However, Yuan soon began to assert dictatorial power, ignoring the National Assembly and later abolishing it altogether. In 1915, Yuan proclaimed himself Emperor

title: Vice President of the Republic of China

text: the Republic of China Navy". The insignia was abolished with invalidation of the act on 3 January 1986. Vice President of the Republic of China The Vice President of Taiwan , officially the Vice President of the Republic of China(), is the second-highest executive official of Taiwan. Since 1996, the President and the Vice President are elected together by direct plurality voting to a four-year term. Chen Chien-jen is the current Vice President of the Republic of China. Originally established in Nanking, the ROC government , along with its presidency, relocated to Taiwan after losing the Chinese Civil War in

title: President of the Republic of China

text: reflect the PRC's official stance of not recognizing the ROC as an independent state. The PRC media does not use the terms ""President of Taiwan"" nor ""President of the Republic of China"", which could be inferred as implying recognition of Taiwan as a country, or of Two Chinas. Hence, the term ""Leader of the Taiwan Area"" is used- with "Area" to show that Taiwan is not a country; while "Leader" does not equal "President". According to criteria set by the authorities in Beijing, media in mainland China generally are not allowed to use terms related to the Republic of China

text: President of the People's Republic of China The President of the People's Republic of China is the head of state of the People's Republic of China. Under the country's constitution, the presidency is a largely ceremonial office with limited powers. However, since 1993, as a matter of convention, the presidency has been held simultaneously by the General Secretary of the Communist Party of China, the top leader in the one party system. The office is officially regarded as an institution of the state rather than an administrative post; theoretically, the President serves at the pleasure of the National People's Congress,

text: never rejected a personnel nomination. Since the Premier, the head of government in China, is the most important political appointment in the Chinese government, the nomination power, under some circumstances, may give the President real political influence. For President Liu Shaoqi, he was also the first Vice Chairman of the Communist Party of China, ranked second in the Communist Party of China, behind Chairman Mao Zedong. For President Li Xiannian, he was also the 5th ranked member of the Politburo Standing Committee, after CPC General Secretary and Premier. For President Yang Shangkun, he was not a member of Politburo Standing

text: to align two more powerful posts — General Secretary of the Communist Party and Chairman of the Central Military Commission which are no term limits. There are two living former presidents: Since the first president, seven had a spouse during term of office. President of the People's Republic of China The President of the People's Republic of China is the head of state of the People's Republic of China. Under the country's constitution, the presidency is a largely ceremonial office with limited powers. However, since 1993, as a matter of convention, the presidency has been held simultaneously by the General

title: President of the Republic of China

text: Cooperation leaders' summit, the ROC President is forbidden from attending personally and must send a special envoy to represent him or her at the event. However, on December 2, 2016, U.S. President-elect Donald Trump accepted a congratulatory telephone call from the ROC President, a clear break from prior protocol. The Government of the People's Republic of China uses the terms Leader of the Taiwan Area, Leader of the Taiwan Region () and Leader of the Taiwanese Authorities () to describe the head of state of the Republic of China (ROC) in Taiwan. These terms are used by PRC media to

title: President of the Republic of China

text: elections could be held. This largely froze the membership of the National Assembly mainland delegates and prevented local Taiwanese from widespread legislative and assembly participation in the expired mainland seats until the early 1970s. The members of the National Assembly continued in their office until 1991, and continued to elect Chiang Kai-shek as president until his death in 1975. Presidents were elected by the National Assembly until the first direct presidential election in 1996, while the term length was shortened from six to four years. President of the Republic of China The President of the Republic of China, is the

title: President of the Republic of China

text: the 16 nations which recognize the ROC as the legitimate government of China, she is accorded the standard treatment that is given to a head of state. In other nations, she is formally a private citizen, although even in these cases, travel usually meets with strong objections from the People's Republic of China. The President of ROC has traveled several times to the United States, formally in transit to and from Central America, where a number of countries do recognize the ROC. This system allows the President to visit the United States without the U.S. State Department having to issue

title: President of the Republic of China

text: new Constitution, while allowing the president (to which Chiang nominated Hu Shih) be a mere figurehead. However, the National Assembly overwhelmingly supported Chiang as president and once in this position, Chiang continued to exercise vast prerogatives as leader and the premiership served to execute policy, not make it. Thus, until the 1980s power in the Republic of China was personalized rather than institutionalized which meant that the power of the president depended largely on who occupied the office. For example, during the tenure of Yen Chia-kan, the office was largely ceremonial with real power in the hands of Premier Chiang

title: Vice President of the People's Republic of China

text: Vice President of the People's Republic of China The Vice President of the People's Republic of China (; abbreviated ), formerly translated as Vice Chairman of the People's Republic of China from 1954 to 1975, is a senior position in the government of the People's Republic of China. The office was created by the 1982 constitution. Formally, the Vice President is elected by the National People's Congress in accordance with Article 62 of the Constitution. In practice, this election falls into the category of single-candidate' elections. The candidate is recommended by the Presidium of the National People's Congress, which also

text: mean the same as in the United States or other Presidential systems, but rather as an approximation in terms of its power compared with parliamentary systems. Between 1982 and 2018, the constitution stipulated that the president could not serve more than two consecutive terms. During the Mao era and also since 2018, there were no term limits attached to this office. According to the current Constitution of the People's Republic of China, the President must be a Chinese citizen with full electoral rights who has reached the age of 45. The President is elected by the National People's Congress (NPC),

title: President of the Republic of China

text: who has the power to call a referendum. Most of these issues have been resolved through inter-party negotiations. The Constitution of the Republic of China gives a short list of persons who will succeed to the presidency if the office were to fall vacant. According to the Additional Articles of the Constitution, Article 2: As no president of the Executive Yuan (also known as the Premier) has ever succeeded to the presidency under these provisions (or their predecessors, under Article 49), it is untested whether, should the office of the premier be vacant as well, whether, pursuant to the Additional

text: The holders of the office have all been individuals with a degree of political clout. Vice President Li Yuanchao was a member of the Politburo of the Communist Party of China until 2017, but not the Standing Committee. His successor, Wang Qishan, was a retired member of the Standing Committee at the time of his ascension. Vice President of the People's Republic of China The Vice President of the People's Republic of China (; abbreviated ), formerly translated as Vice Chairman of the People's Republic of China from 1954 to 1975, is a senior position in the government of the

title: Official Residence of the President (Republic of China)

text: Official Residence of the President (Republic of China) The Official Residence of the President of the Republic of China is provided by the Government of the Republic of China (Taiwan) for the President, while in office, along with his or her family. The current official residence is at the intersection of Chongqing South Road Section 2 and Aiguo West Road, Zhongzheng, Taipei, and has been in use since Lee Teng-hui's presidency. Security of the residence is maintained by the Sixth Special Corps of the National Police Agency. The Official Residence takes on a different alias depending on the code name

text: since replaced with "Ping'an (平安, lit. peace/safety)". Official Residence of the President (Republic of China) The Official Residence of the President of the Republic of China is provided by the Government of the Republic of China (Taiwan) for the President, while in office, along with his or her family. The current official residence is at the intersection of Chongqing South Road Section 2 and Aiguo West Road, Zhongzheng, Taipei, and has been in use since Lee Teng-hui's presidency. Security of the residence is maintained by the Sixth Special Corps of the National Police Agency. The Official Residence takes on a

title: Vice President of the Republic of China

text: office of Vice President remains vacant for the remainder of the term. Aside from succeeding the president in the case of death, resignation, or impeachment of the president, and acting as president in the event the president becomes incapacitated, the vice president holds little formal power in the government. Until 1996, the vice president was elected by the National Assembly of the Republic of China. Beginning in the 1996 election, the vice president has been elected through a direct popular vote of citizens with household registration in the "Free Area of the Republic of China" on the same ticket as

title: Uni-President China

text: Uni-President China Holding Group started construction in Changning District, Shanghai. On May of 2014, the Uni-President China Holding Group came back to Taipei Exchange to issue Baodao Debt, becoming the first Taishang company to issue the Baodao Debt. In 2013, the UK’s “Economist” reported that researchers found that the mainland China government’s subsidy for unified control accounted for 18.2% of its 2011 net profit, which was approximately US$ 9 million (approximately NT$ 276 million). Uni-President China Uni-President China Holdings Limited () () is the largest juice drinks producer and the third largest instant noodles supplier in China. It is the

text: Yaobang, the Party General Secretary; Zhao Ziyang, the Premier; Li Xiannian, the President; and Deng Xiaoping, the "Paramount Leader", holding title of the Chairman of the Central Military Commission and was overall commander-in-chief of the armed forces. The current political structure of Vietnam is similar to the structure China followed in the 1980s. In the 1990s, the experiment of separating party and state posts, which led to conflict during the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989, was terminated. In 1993, the post of President was taken by Jiang Zemin, who as General Secretary of the Communist Party and Chairman of the

title: Uni-President China

text: Uni-President China Uni-President China Holdings Limited () () is the largest juice drinks producer and the third largest instant noodles supplier in China. It is the Mainland China subsidiary of Uni-President Enterprises Corporation (), the largest processed food producer in Taiwan. It engages in the manufacture and sale of non-carbonated beverages and instant noodles. The company was established in 1992. It is incorporated in the Cayman Islands and is headquartered in Shanghai. It was listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange in 2007 with its IPO price at HK$4.22 per share. In 2008, the Uni-President Group's operating HQ under the

title: President of the Republic of China

text: of China in a largely unpopular move and was forced to retract his declaration shortly before his death in 1916. With Yuan Shikai's death the Warlord Era began. Vice President Li Yuanhong succeeded Yuan as president and attempted to reassert the constitutional government, but was soon forced to resign by military strongmen. The presidency, though leading an internationally recognized government, was thereafter to be headed by a series of prominent warlords. This presidency ended in 1928 when the Northern Expedition, led by the Kuomintang (KMT), succeeded in conquering North China. Sun Yat-sen established a rival (military, not constitutional) government in

title: President of the Republic of China

text: to describe the Taiwan authorities. But if the official title cannot be avoided in a news article, quotation marks would be used around terms for all official ROC positions and organisations, e.g. "President of the Republic of China"; "Presidential Office Building" to imply non-recognition. As of October 2018, there are three living former Presidents: The Secretary-General to the President is the highest-ranking official in the Office of the President and supervises the staff of the Office. The current Secretary-General is Chen Chu. After the outbreak of the Wuchang Uprising against Qing rule in 1911, the revolutionaries elected Sun Yat-sen as

text: China's highest state body, which also has the power to remove the President and other state officers from office. Elections and removals are decided by a simple majority vote. According to the Organic Law of the NPC, the President is nominated by the NPC Presidium, the Congress's executive organ. In practice, however, the ruling Communist Party of China reserves the post of President for its current General Secretary. Like all officers of state elected by the NPC, the President is elected from a one name ballot. In the event that the office of President falls vacant, the Vice-President succeeds to

title: Secretary-General to the President, Republic of China

text: is assisted by two Deputy Secretaries-General. The current Deputy Secretaries-General are Liu Chien-sin and Yao Jen-to. Secretary-General to the President, Republic of China The Secretary-General to the President is the highest-ranking official in the Office of the President, Republic of China (Taiwan), and supervises the staff of the Office. The current Secretary-General is Chen Chu. According to Article 9 of the ROC Office of the President Organization Act, "The Office of the President shall have one secretary-general to the president. The secretary-general shall be a special-grade political appointee and shall, under the direction of the president, take overall charge of

text: Secretary-General to the President, Republic of China The Secretary-General to the President is the highest-ranking official in the Office of the President, Republic of China (Taiwan), and supervises the staff of the Office. The current Secretary-General is Chen Chu. According to Article 9 of the ROC Office of the President Organization Act, "The Office of the President shall have one secretary-general to the president. The secretary-general shall be a special-grade political appointee and shall, under the direction of the president, take overall charge of the affairs of the Office of the President and direct and supervise all staff." The Secretary-General

title: Vice President of the Republic of China

text: being impeached by the Control Yuan for "failure to carry out duties due to illegal conduct." Due to the relative lack of formal power of the position, it has been coupled in the past with the office of the premier of the Republic of China. Vice presidents Chen Cheng, Yen Chia-kan, and Lien Chan all served as premier concurrently as vice president during part of their terms, and vice president Annette Lu has at times been mentioned as a possible candidate for premiership. Standard of the Vice President of the Republic of China was instituted in "Act of Ensign of

title: President of the Republic of China

text: five-branch government with the office of president () as head of state. On 20 May 1948, Chiang Kai-shek was formally elected by the National Assembly to be the first term president. After the KMT lost the Mainland China in the Chinese Civil War, the government was evacuated to Taiwan, where the term limits for the President specified in the 1947 constitution were suspended after 1960. In 1954, as the term of the first National Assembly were about to expire, the Judicial Yuan ruled that the expired seats of the National Assembly would continue in power until the respective delegate region

title: Islam in China (1911–present)

text: Islam in China (1911–present) After the fall of the Qing dynasty following the 1911 Xinhai Revolution, Sun Yat-sen, who led the new republic, immediately proclaimed that the country belonged equally to the Han, Hui (Muslim), Meng (Mongol), and the Tsang (Tibetan) peoples. When the People's Republic of China was established in 1949, Muslims, along with all other religions in China, suffered repression especially during the Cultural Revolution (1966–76). In modern-day China, Islam is undergoing a period of intense repression, particularly in Xinjiang. The Manchu dynasty fell in 1911, and the Republic of China was established by Sun Yat Sen, who

title: President of the Republic of China

text: Guangzhou in 1917 and took the title of "Generalissimo of the Military Government" (). He was ousted in 1918 but returned again to Guangzhou in 1921. Claiming to restore the Provisional Constitution of the Republic of China, he summoned the members of the original parliament to elect him as president, but since there lacked a quorum, he took the title of "Extraordinary President" (). Sun, again expelled from Guangzhou in 1922, returned in 1923 to take the title of "Generalissimo of the Military Government." Sun died in 1925 with no clear successor and leadership of the government, now named the

title: History of the administrative divisions of China (1949–present)

text: History of the administrative divisions of China (1949–present) The History of the administrative divisions of China after 1949 refers to the administrative divisions under the People's Republic of China. In 1949, the communist forces initially held scattered fragments of China at the start of the Chinese civil war. By late 1949, they controlled the majority of mainland China, forcing the Republic of China government to relocate to Taiwan. The Government of China made the following changes: In 1952, the provinces of Jiangsu, Anhui and Sichuan were restored. Pingyuan and Chahar were split into their surrounding provinces. Nanjing, old capital of

text: few remained. In the meantime, most prefectures have become prefecture-level cities. History of the administrative divisions of China (1949–present) The History of the administrative divisions of China after 1949 refers to the administrative divisions under the People's Republic of China. In 1949, the communist forces initially held scattered fragments of China at the start of the Chinese civil war. By late 1949, they controlled the majority of mainland China, forcing the Republic of China government to relocate to Taiwan. The Government of China made the following changes: In 1952, the provinces of Jiangsu, Anhui and Sichuan were restored. Pingyuan and

title: Islam in China (1911–present)

text: a class of intellectuals among the Hui and promote the Hui role in developing the nation's strength. After secondary education is completed, Chinese law then allows students who are willing to embark on religious studies under an Imam. Islam in China (1911–present) After the fall of the Qing dynasty following the 1911 Xinhai Revolution, Sun Yat-sen, who led the new republic, immediately proclaimed that the country belonged equally to the Han, Hui (Muslim), Meng (Mongol), and the Tsang (Tibetan) peoples. When the People's Republic of China was established in 1949, Muslims, along with all other religions in China, suffered repression

title: History of the People's Republic of China (2002–present)

text: rights issues remain a concern among members of the world community and Chinese activists. Many countries hope for China to effectively deal with the challenges within the country, in order to ensure the prosperity of China. Furthermore, many countries have significant trade relations with China, so the 2015 Chinese stock market crash was seen as significant. History of the People's Republic of China (2002–present) The People's Republic of China became more influential economically in the 1990s and 2000s and was beginning to be widely recognized as an emerging superpower. In 2010, China became the world's second largest economy by GDP.

title: President of the Republic of China

text: Articles, Article 3, the vice president of the Executive Yuan (vice premier), who would be acting premier, would act as president. There is currently no constitutional provision for a succession list beyond the possibility that the vice president of the Executive Yuan might succeed to the presidency. Assuming that the vice president of the Executive Yuan would be third in line for the presidency, the current line of succession is: Presidential succession has occurred three times under the 1947 Constitution: The diplomatic protocol regarding the President of the ROC is rather complex because of the political status of Taiwan. In

text: in 1978, and a third Constitution was adopted, which also lacked the office of State Chairman. The office was finally reinstated in the fourth Constitution, adopted by the 5th Session of the 5th NPC in 1982. The title of the office (guojia zhuxi) was unchanged in the Chinese text, but a new English translation of "President of the People's Republic of China" was adopted. In the 1982 Constitution, the President was conceived of as a figurehead of state with actual state power resting in the hands of the General Secretary of the Communist Party, Premier of the State Council and

text: party rule through the office of General Secretary. The office was first established in the Constitution of the People's Republic of China in 1954 and successively held by Mao Zedong and Liu Shaoqi. Liu fell into political disgrace during the Cultural Revolution, after which the office became vacant. The office was abolished under the Constitution of 1975, then reinstated in the Constitution of 1982, but with reduced powers. The official English-language translation of the title was "Chairman"; after 1982, this translation was changed to "President", although the Chinese title remains unchanged. Therefore the title "President" in this case does not

text: is, in essence, a symbolic post without any direct say in the governance of state. It is therefore conceived to mainly function as an symbolic institution of the state rather than an office with true executive powers. In theory, the President has discretion over the selection of the Premier, though in practice the Premier has historically been selected through the top-level discussions of the Communist Party of China. Upon the nomination of the Premier, the NPC convenes to confirm the nomination, but since only one name is on the ballot, it can only approve or reject. To date, it has

title: President of the Republic of China

text: Nationalist Government, rested in a series of Leninist-style dual party and state committees, the most powerful of which was the policy-making Central Executive Committee of the Kuomintang. The government was organized into five branches, with the Executive Yuan, headed by the premier, holding primary administrative authority. The "Chairman of the Nationalist Government," though not given specific presidential powers, took on the functions of a "de facto" head of state and its official English translation was "President of the National Government of the Republic of China". This form of government under the KMT lasted through the Northern Expedition, which moved the

text: History of the People's Republic of China (2002–present) The People's Republic of China became more influential economically in the 1990s and 2000s and was beginning to be widely recognized as an emerging superpower. In 2010, China became the world's second largest economy by GDP. At the same time, numerous social problems emerged and intensified. As Paramount leader Jiang Zemin, NPCSC Chairman Li Peng and PRC Premier Zhu Rongji, gradually retired from their position of power, "fourth-generation" leaders, led by CPC General Secretary Hu Jintao and Premier Wen Jiabao, faced with increasing social unrest, attempted to steer the country towards a

text: reform and opening up. In October 2006, there was evidence to suggest that China had cut off certain supplies, including food and oil, to North Korea. Kim Jong-il showed a less cordial attitude towards China, but had no option but to comply should China continue trade sanctions. China has also taken an increasingly prominent role in Africa. President Hu went on a 7-nation African visit in January 2007, solidifying deals and promising financial aid with African leaders with no conditions attached, winning the support, albeit with some caution, of many African leaders. In 1996 the Shanghai Five grouping was created,

text: Committee, but he ranked third after General Secretary Zhao Ziyang and Deng Xiaoping. Since Jiang Zemin, the President is also the General Secretary of the Communist Party of China, ranking first in Party and State. The office of State Chairman (the original English translation, as noted above) was first established under China's 1954 Constitution. The ceremonial powers of the office were largely identical to those in the current Constitution. The powers of the 1954 office differed from those of the current office in two areas: military and governmental. The State Chairman's military powers were defined in the 1954 Constitution as

title: President of the Republic of China

text: Ching-Kuo, and power switched back to the presidency when Chiang became president. After President Lee Teng-hui succeeded Chiang as president in 1988, the power struggle within the KMT extended to the constitutional debate over the relationship between the president and the premier. The first three premiers under Lee, Yu Kuo-hwa, Lee Huan, and Hau Pei-tsun were mainlanders who had initially opposed Lee's ascension to power. The appointment of Lee and Hau were compromises by President Lee to placate conservatives in the KMT. The subsequent appointment of the first native Taiwanese premier Lien Chan was taken as a sign of Lee's

title: The Men Who Lost China

text: The Men Who Lost China The Men Who Lost China is a documentary film created by Mitch Anderson. Released in 2013, the documentary explores the United States' attitude towards China following the 1911 Chinese Revolution and the First World War and how the attitude of other Western nations then helped shape China's national identity, particularly its foreign policy and alignment with the former Soviet Union. As today's China is gaining its undisputed superpower status, the world press still speculates over its intentions. The documentary suggests that any worthy prediction must be rooted in the diligent study of past events and

title: The President Is Missing (novel)

text: It is a code name for a cyber security operation that America is running after its systems were hacked. The president is boggled as to who may have leaked this information. The President invites Nina to the White House. He is determined to know the source of the leak. Nina tells the president that she only has half of the information the president needs. In order for the president to get the full story, he must meet her partner who will give him the remaining pieces of the puzzle. Nina asks the president to meet her partner (Augie) in a

text: the Chairman of the Central Military Commission, and all four posts were designed to be held by separate people. The President therefore held minor responsibilities such as greeting foreign dignitaries and signing the appointment of embassy staff, and did not intervene in the affairs of the State Council or the Party. In the original 1982 Constitution plan, the Party would develop policy, the state would execute it, and the power would be divided to prevent a cult of personality from forming as it did with the case of Mao Zedong. Thus in 1982, China perceivably had four main leaders: Hu

title: The President Is Coming

text: The President Is Coming The President Is Coming is a 2009 Indian satirical mockumentary film directed by Kunaal Roy Kapur based on his play by the same title which premiered at the Royal Court/Rage Theatre Festival in Mumbai in January 2006. The film, written by Anuvab Pal, marks Kapur's debut as a director and features an ensemble cast including Konkona Sen Sharma as a Bengali writer and a social activist. The film explores a day in the life of six contestants who will stop at nothing as the US President is coming to town. Konkona plays Maya Roy, one of

title: Republic of China on Taiwan

text: Republic of China on Taiwan Republic of China on Taiwan is a political term as well as discourse regarding the present status of the Republic of China. It is proposed by former president of the Republic of China Lee Teng-hui, the first Taiwanese President. During his presidential tenure in 1995, Lee visited his alma mater Cornell University and mentioned this term for the first time when delivering an Olin Lecture. The term is one of the several terms regarding the Republic of China, and is not exactly about Taiwanese independence. The term was later included in the Four-Stage Theory of

title: Government of the Republic of China

text: five administrative branches ("Yuan"): the Control, Examination, Executive, Judicial, and Legislative Yuans. The President appoints the members of the Executive Yuan as the cabinet, including a Premier, who is officially the President of the Executive Yuan; members are responsible for policy and administration. Originally, the National Assembly of the Republic of China was elected in mainland China in 1947 to officially carry out the duties of choosing the president, to amend the constitution, and to exercise the sovereignty of the citizens, but in fact, the Assembly's role in Taipei seemed to reconfirm the executive powers of President Chiang Kai-shek. The

text: credited to General secretary, President Hu Jintao and Premier Wen Jiabao. At the heart of the crisis, Hu made a high-profile trip to Guangdong and Wen ate lunch with students at Beijing University. Just as China was emerging out of the SARS crisis, it became one of the most accessible breeding spots of the avian flu outbreak. While four other Southeastern Asian countries have reported cases of Avian Flu before China, the Chinese government began taking precautions not long after the SARS outbreak in 2003. Beijing has maintained a strict and transparent policy to gain back a reputation damaged heavily

text: In November 2002, at the 16th Communist Party of China National Congress, then-General Secretary Jiang Zemin stepped down from the powerful Politburo Standing Committee of the Communist Party of China to make way for a younger "fourth generation" of leadership led by Tsinghua engineering graduate Hu Jintao. Speculation remained, however, that Jiang would continue to wield significant influence. At the time, Jiang stacked newly expanded Politburo Standing Committee, China's foremost power organ, with three of his hardline allies: former Shanghai secretary Huang Ju, former Beijing party secretary Jia Qinglin, and Li Changchun to control propaganda. In addition, the new Vice-President,

title: The Men Who Lost China

text: the comprehension of the Western and Chinese perception of these events. The US involvement in the Chinese Revolution of 1911 and the perceived Western betrayal in the aftermath of First World War are the two most pivotal points in Chinese modern history that the documentary examines, subtitled into English, Chinese, and Spanish. The Men Who Lost China The Men Who Lost China is a documentary film created by Mitch Anderson. Released in 2013, the documentary explores the United States' attitude towards China following the 1911 Chinese Revolution and the First World War and how the attitude of other Western nations

title: Government of the Republic of China

text: separated from the mainland by the -wide Taiwan Strait. During that period, more than two million civilians, military personnel and government officials left the mainland for Taiwan. Chiang then declared Taipei as the provisional capital of the Republic of China on 7 December 1949, and left Chengdu for Taipei by air three days later when the city fell to the communists. Based on the Constitution of the Republic of China, the head of state is the President, who is elected by popular vote for a four-year term on the same ticket as the Vice-President. The President has authority over the

title: President of the European Commission

text: Commission also represents the EU abroad, together with the President of the European Council and the High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy. The post was established in 1958. Each new President is nominated by the European Council and formally elected by the European Parliament, for a five-year term. , the current President is Jean-Claude Juncker, who took office on 1 November 2014. He is a member of the European People's Party (EPP) and is the former Prime Minister of Luxembourg. Juncker is the twelfth President and his First Vice-President is Frans Timmermans. The present Commission

title: Jack of the President of the Republic of Poland

text: Jack of the President of the Republic of Poland Jack of the President of the Republic of Poland – Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Poland () is a jack flag used in the Polish Armed Forces to mark the presence and pay respect to the President of the Republic of Poland who is also "ex officio" the commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces. The jack is raised on Polish Navy ships when the president is officially on board, as well as on land, if the president is present. The design of the jack is based directly on

text: the Unknown Soldier in Warsaw on May 3, 2005. Jack of the President of the Republic of Poland Jack of the President of the Republic of Poland – Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Poland () is a jack flag used in the Polish Armed Forces to mark the presence and pay respect to the President of the Republic of Poland who is also "ex officio" the commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces. The jack is raised on Polish Navy ships when the president is officially on board, as well as on land, if the president is present.

title: The Man Who Changed China

text: The Man Who Changed China The Man Who Changed China: The Life and Legacy of Jiang Zemin a biography of former Chinese leader Jiang Zemin by Robert Lawrence Kuhn was published in 2005, in English and Chinese. It has generated both attention and controversy. It was published worldwide except in China by Random House imprints (Crown Publishers in English, Random House Kodansha in Japanese, Random House JoongAng in Korean). In China, it was published under the title "Ta Gai Bian Le Zhong Guo: Jiang Zemin Zhuan" (《他改变了中国：江泽民传》, literal translation "He Changed China: The Biography of Jiang Zemin") by Shanghai Century

title: Premier of the People's Republic of China

text: the nomination of the President. In practice, the candidate is chosen through an informal process within the Communist Party of China. Both the President and the Premier are selected once every five years. The Premier has always been a member of the powerful Politburo Standing Committee of the Communist Party of China. The current Premier is Li Keqiang, who took office on 15 March 2013. The Premier is the highest administrative position in the Government of the People's Republic of China. The Premier is responsible for organizing and administering the Chinese civil bureaucracy. For example, the Premier is tasked with

title: The President Is Coming

text: "The Times of India" wrote, "Performance-wise, it's the uptight and complex-ridden Ms. Konkona who walks away with laurels and laughs even as the film takes a healthy snigger at the desi self." The President Is Coming The President Is Coming is a 2009 Indian satirical mockumentary film directed by Kunaal Roy Kapur based on his play by the same title which premiered at the Royal Court/Rage Theatre Festival in Mumbai in January 2006. The film, written by Anuvab Pal, marks Kapur's debut as a director and features an ensemble cast including Konkona Sen Sharma as a Bengali writer and a

title: President of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom

text: President of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom The President of the Supreme Court is the president of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom. The office is equivalent to the now-defunct position of Senior Lord of Appeal in Ordinary, also known as the Senior Law Lord, who was the highest ranking among the Lords of Appeal in Ordinary (the judges who exercised the judicial functions of the House of Lords). The current President is Lady Hale. From 1900 to 1969, when the Lord Chancellor was not present, a former Lord Chancellor would preside at judicial sittings of the

title: My Girlfriend Is the President

text: My Girlfriend Is the President Osananajimi wa Daitouryou: My Girlfriend Is the President (幼なじみは大統領: MY GIRLFRIEND IS THE PRESIDENT "Osananajimi wa Daitōryō: Mai Gārufurendo Izu za Purejidento") is a visual novel developed by Alcot and later released in English by JAST USA. The game centers on protagonist Junichiro Hondo who awakes one morning to discover his next-door-neighbor and lifelong friend Yukino Ohama has suddenly become president of the fictitious United States of Nippon (Japan). The player assumes the role of Junichiro Hondo, alike a typical visual novel, the amount of game play is minimal. Occasionally interactions in the game are

title: My Girlfriend Is the President

text: Junichiro no Theme'. My Girlfriend Is the President Osananajimi wa Daitouryou: My Girlfriend Is the President (幼なじみは大統領: MY GIRLFRIEND IS THE PRESIDENT "Osananajimi wa Daitōryō: Mai Gārufurendo Izu za Purejidento") is a visual novel developed by Alcot and later released in English by JAST USA. The game centers on protagonist Junichiro Hondo who awakes one morning to discover his next-door-neighbor and lifelong friend Yukino Ohama has suddenly become president of the fictitious United States of Nippon (Japan). The player assumes the role of Junichiro Hondo, alike a typical visual novel, the amount of game play is minimal. Occasionally interactions in

title: History of the Republic of China

text: of the Republic of China and was inaugurated in Nanjing as the first Provisional President. However, power in Beijing already had passed to Yuan Shikai, who had effective control of the Beiyang Army, the most powerful military force in China at the time. To prevent civil war and possible foreign intervention from undermining the infant republic, Sun agreed to Yuan's demand for China to be united under a Beijing government headed by him. On March 10, in Beijing, Yuan Shikai was sworn in as the second Provisional President of the Republic of China. The republic which Sun Yat-sen and his

title: Islam in China (1911–present)

text: inside China. Muslim Kuomintang officials in the Republic of China government supported the Chengda Teachers Academy, which helped usher in a new era of Islamic education in China, promoting nationalism and Chinese language among Muslims, and fully incorporating them into the main aspects of Chinese society. The Ministry of Education provided funds to the Chinese Islamic National Salvation Federation for Chinese Muslim's education. The President of the federation was General Bai Chongxi (Pai Chung-hsi) and the vice president was Tang Kesan (Tang Ko-san). 40 Sino-Arabic primary schools were founded in Ningxia by its Governor Ma Hongkui. Imam Wang Jingzhai studied

title: The First President

text: The First President The First President () is a 2011 Chinese biographical film directed by Wang Caitao, produced by Han Sanping, and starring Qiu Xinzhi, Nie Mei, Liu Jing, Han Geng, Tian Liang, Johnny Zhang, Xiong Naijin and He Jie. The film is about the life of Sun Yat-sen, founding father of Kuomintang and president of the Republic of China. In 1912, Sun Yat-sen was elected provisional president of the Republic of China. Yuan Shikai, a warlord leaded up to the abdication of the last Qing Emperor Puyi, and became president of the Republic of China. At this time, Sun

title: History of the Jews in China

text: who have historically resided in various places in China originated with the Lost Ten Tribes of the exiled ancient Kingdom of Israel who relocated to the areas of present-day China. Traces of some ancient Jewish rituals have been observed in some places. One well-known group was the Kaifeng Jews, who are purported to have traveled from Persia to India during the mid-Han Dynasty and later migrated from the Muslim-inhabited regions of northwestern China (modern day Gansu province) to Henan province during the early Northern Song Dynasty (960-1127). There is an oral tradition that the first Jews immigrated to China through

title: Politics of the Republic of China

text: population descends from Han Chinese who migrated from mainland China between 1661 and 1895. Another significant fraction descends from Han Chinese who immigrated from mainland China in the 1940s and 1950s. But between 1895 and the present, Taiwan and mainland China have shared a common government for only 4 years. The shared cultural origin combined with several hundred years of geographical separation, some hundred years of political separation and foreign influences, as well as hostility between the rival Taiwan and China have resulted in national identity being a contentious issue with political overtones. Since democratization and the lifting of martial

title: The President Is Missing (novel)

text: stadium where a baseball game is scheduled to take place later that week on a Friday. The president arrives at the stadium, incognito, and without the Secret Service's protection and meets Augie. Unknown to him, Suliman Cindoruk, running a cell called Sons of Jihad, had contracted mercenaries to assassinate Nina and Augie. As Augie and the president leave the stadium, the assassin aims her gun at Nina, who is waiting for the president and Augie. The president, sensing danger, takes into practice what he learned as a Ranger. He takes over Augie's gun and manages to shoot two members of

title: The President Is Missing (novel)

text: Unites States would view such an act as a declaration of war by the state sponsor of that action. The president then speaks with his inner circle to discuss threats, at which point it is revealed that a water treatment plant was contaminated, and the consensus view of the attendants is that this is the target of Dark Ages; this is overruled by the president, who predicts this is a ploy to move their expertise away from Washington. It is soon revealed that there are basically two different issues the president and his team have to handle: In the end

title: Islam in China (1911–present)

text: freedom. Religious freedom is present for Hui Muslims, who can practice their religion, build Mosques, and have their children attend Mosques, while more controls are placed specifically on Uyghurs in Xinjiang. Since the 1980s Islamic private schools (Sino-Arabic schools (中阿學校)) have been supported and permitted by the Chinese government among Muslim areas, only specifically excluding Xinjiang from allowing these schools because of separatist sentiment there. Although religious education for children is officially forbidden by law in China, the Communist party allows Hui Muslims to violate this law and have their children educated in religion and attend Mosques while the law

title: The President Is Coming

text: the six contestants who will represent New India in front of the President. In 2006, George W. Bush, President of the United States, visits India. In addition to the many diplomatic and political things on the agenda is a rather unusual event — a meeting with the young faces responsible for shaping "The New India". The six contestants are Maya Roy, India's best young writer; Ajay Karlekar, India's best young social activist; Archana Kapoor, India's best young entrepreneur; Rohit Seth, call center accent trainer; Kapil Dev Dholakia, India's best young stock investor, and Ramesh S, software engineer. They have to

title: President of the Republic of China

text: or clemency, declaring martial law, and conferring honors and decorations. The President can appoint Senior Advisors (), National Policy Advisors () and Strategy Advisors (), but they do not form a council. The Constitution does not clearly define whether the president is more powerful than the premier, as it names the Executive Yuan (headed by the premier) as the "highest administrative authority" with oversight over domestic matters while giving the president powers as commander-in-chief of the military and authority over foreign affairs. Prior to his election as president in 1948, Chiang Kai-shek had insisted that he be premier under the

title: The President Is Missing (novel)

text: headed to and plants another ground team on a bridge linking DC to Virginia. An attack ensues and the president is saved by the heroic acts of the vehicle's driver, Davis, who takes the hit and dies as a result. The president is whisked into another car and drives off with Augie leaving the Secret Service team behind. He arrives at the Blue House (the code name for his Chief of Staff's residence) where he takes stock of the events of the evening. The White House is put under lockdown and the president must take control of the nation remotely

title: Constitution of the Republic of China

text: Republic of China until 1928. It provided a Western-style parliamentary system headed by a weak president. However, the system was quickly usurped when Song Jiaoren, who as leader of the KMT was to become prime minister following the party's victory in the 1913 elections, was assassinated by the orders of President Yuan Shikai. Yuan regularly flouted the elected assembly and assumed dictatorial powers. Upon his death in 1916, China disintegrated into warlordism and the Beiyang Government operating under the Constitution remained in the hands of various military leaders. The Kuomintang under Chiang Kai-shek established control over much of China by

title: Vice-President of the Executive Council

text: Vice-President of the Executive Council In the Australian political system, at the federal level, the Vice-President of the Executive Council is the minister in the Government of Australia who acts as the presiding officer of meetings of the Federal Executive Council when the Governor-General is absent. The Vice-President of the Executive Council is appointed by the Governor-General on the advice of the Prime Minister of Australia, and serves at the Governor-General's pleasure. The Vice-President is usually a senior minister in Cabinet, and may summon executive councillors and preside at council meetings when the Governor-General is not present. However, the Vice-President

title: Free area of the Republic of China

text: the present day in the ROC legislation. The Additional Articles of the Constitution of the Republic of China delegates numerous rights to exercise the sovereignty of the state, including that of electing the President and Legislature, to citizens residing in the "free area of the Republic of China." This term was first used in the Constitution with the promulgation of the first set of amendments to the Constitution in 1991 and has been retained in the most recent revision passed in 2005. The need to use the term "free area" in the Constitution arose out of the discrepancy between the

text: the world's next superpower, Hu's government was eager to demonstrate China's position of relative influence. China was the mediating nation in the Six-party talks, in an attempt to calm threats from North Korea's nuclear program. Being the sole remaining powerful ally of North Korea, China continued to supply the rogue state with food and oil, as well as financial aid. North Korea's nuclear test in October 2006 came as a major embarrassment to the Chinese government's policies, and marked the beginning to an eventual split between China and Kim Jong-il's regime, who was unwilling to pursue a road of economic

title: President of the Republic of China

text: a visa. During these trips, the President is not formally treated as a head of state, does not meet U.S. government officials in their official capacities and does not visit Washington, D.C. However, in these visits, the ROC President invariably meets with staff members from the US government, although these visits are with lower ranking officials in non-governmental surroundings. In the area of Southeast Asia, the ROC President was able to arrange visits in the early 1990s which were formally private tourist visits, however these have become increasingly infrequent as a result of PRC pressure. At the annual Asia-Pacific Economic

title: President of the Legislative Yuan

text: and the meetings of the Committee of the Entire Yuan and is responsible for the administration of the Yuan. In the cases in which the President of the Legislative Yuan is unable to attend to his or her duties, the vice president acts in his or her place. President of the Legislative Yuan The President of the Legislative Yuan () is the presiding officer of the Legislative Yuan of the Republic of China (Taiwan). The current president is Su Jia-chyuan, a Democratic Progressive Party at-large legislator, he is the first DPP President of the Legislative Yuan. The president is elected

text: follows: "The Chairman of the People's Republic of China commands the armed forces of the state, and is Chairman of the National Defence Council ()." The National Defence Council was unique to the 1954 Constitution, and was mandated as the civil command for the People's Liberation Army. It was abolished under the 1975 Constitution. The State Chairman's governmental powers were defined in the 1954 Constitution as follows: "The Chairman of the People's Republic of China, whenever necessary, convenes a Supreme State Conference () and acts as its chairman." The members of the Supreme State Conference included the main officers of

title: President of Fudan University

text: of Sciences. President of Fudan University The President of Fudan University is the chief executive officer of Fudan University, and, essentially, the leader of the university. Each is appointed by and is responsible to the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council, who delegate to him or her the day-to-day running of the university. Fudan University, was set up in 1905, and its first president, was Ma Xiangbo, a Chinese Jesuit priest, scholar and educator, he also founded the Aurora University. The university's current president is Xu Ningsheng, who is also a fellow of the

title: President of Fudan University

text: President of Fudan University The President of Fudan University is the chief executive officer of Fudan University, and, essentially, the leader of the university. Each is appointed by and is responsible to the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council, who delegate to him or her the day-to-day running of the university. Fudan University, was set up in 1905, and its first president, was Ma Xiangbo, a Chinese Jesuit priest, scholar and educator, he also founded the Aurora University. The university's current president is Xu Ningsheng, who is also a fellow of the Chinese Academy

title: Supreme Court of the Republic of China

text: be made to the Court only on the grounds that the original judgment is in violation of law or order. Documentary review proceedings are the norm, but if necessary, the presiding justice hear oral arguments in which issues of law are debated. The Supreme Court has a President, who is of the special appointment rank and who is in charge of the administrative affairs of the entire court and who acts concurrently as a Judge. Supreme Court of the Republic of China The Supreme Court of the Republic of China () is the court of last resort in the Republic

title: The Man Who Changed China

text: upfront "Publisher's Note," that "Certain viewpoints and opinions of the author, as a Westerner, bear a definite distance from those of our own. Hopefully the reader will understand." When asked his own opinion of Kuhn's biography, Jiang Zemin told his close friend, Shen Yongyan (a primary source in the book), who then told the Chinese media that Jiang said: “He [Kuhn] wrote objectively; he didn’t try to beautify me. But he got my wedding date wrong.” The Man Who Changed China The Man Who Changed China: The Life and Legacy of Jiang Zemin a biography of former Chinese leader Jiang

title: The President Is Missing (novel)

text: in order to prevent an impending cyber attack on America. The questions that the president must answer are who sent the assassins, how to prevent the attack and how to find the White House insider who leaked the code "Dark Ages" to Nina and Augie. The president had previously arranged a covert meeting between himself, the Prime Minister of Israel, Chancellor of Germany, and The President of Russia, the first two are greeted warmly and explained the full extent of Dark Ages by Augie, an attack that destroys all of the internet connected devices within the United States of America,

title: Politics of the Republic of China

text: as Taiwanese only. The President is the head of state of the Republic of China and commander-in-chief of the armed forces. The president has authority over the five administrative branches (Yuan): Executive, Legislative, Control, Judicial, and Examination. The National Assembly of the Republic of China was elected in mainland China in 1947 to officially carry out the duties of choosing the president, to amend the constitution, and to exercise the sovereignty of the citizens, but in actuality, the Assembly's role in Taipei seemed to reconfirm the executive powers of President Chang Kai-shek. The National Assembly was re-established on Taiwan when

title: Flag of the Vice President of the United States

text: a U.S. Navy ship while the Vice President is aboard, and the Navy also prescribes several other flag sizes to use in various situations when the Vice President is present. Similarly, the Army prescribes use of the color (with fringe) or flag (without fringe) in different situations when the Vice President is present. The first official flag for the Vice President came in 1936, long after flags were designed for most other high government officials, though on two earlier occasions (1915 and 1919) a specially-designed, unofficial flag was used for the Vice President when he was representing the President at

title: Government of China

text: the CPPCC, and these annual meetings provide an opportunity for the officers of state to review past policies and present future plans to the nation. The fourth session of the 12th NPC was held from March 5 to March 16, 2016. The President of the People's Republic of China is the head of state. Under the PRC's constitution, the presidency is a largely ceremonial office with limited powers. However, since 1993, as a matter of convention, the presidency has been held simultaneously by the General Secretary of the Communist Party of China, top leader in one party system. The office

title: President of the Legislative Yuan

text: President of the Legislative Yuan The President of the Legislative Yuan () is the presiding officer of the Legislative Yuan of the Republic of China (Taiwan). The current president is Su Jia-chyuan, a Democratic Progressive Party at-large legislator, he is the first DPP President of the Legislative Yuan. The president is elected by and from among all members of the Yuan in a preparatory meeting held on the first reporting day of the first session of each Legislative Yuan, and he shall serve a term the same length as that of other members. The president presides over the Yuan Sittings

title: China University of Petroleum (Beijing)

text: is Shan Honghong (since January 2017) who is the former president of China University of Petroleum (East China). The President of Beijing Campus is Zhang Laibin (since June 2005). Karamay campus opened in October 2015, with the support from Beijing campus, Ministry of Education, Government on both provincial and municipal levels, as well as the China National Petroleum Corporation. Karamay campus is located in Karamay, Xinjiang and covers an area of 4.8 km. The Principal of Karamay campus is Zhang Shicheng (since March 2016) who is the Vice President in Beijing campus as well (since September 2008). Karamay campus is

title: History of the Republic of China

text: series of political, economic and military missteps led to the KMT's defeat and its retreat to Taiwan (formerly "Formosa") in 1949, where it established an authoritarian one-party state continuing under Generalissimo/President Chiang Kai-shek. This state considered itself to be the continuing sole legitimate ruler of all of China, referring to the communist government or "regime" as illegitimate, a so-called "People's Republic of China" declared in Beijing (Peking) by Mao Zedong in 1949, as "mainland China", "Communist China, or "Red China". Although supported for many years, even decades by many nations especially with the support of the United States who established

title: Vice President of the Republic of China

text: should become vacant, the Vice President shall succeed until the expiration of the original presidential term. In case the office of both the President and the Vice President should become vacant, the President of the Executive Yuan shall act for the President. In case the President should be unable to attend to office due to any cause, the Vice President shall act for the President. In case both the President and the Vice President should be unable to attend to office, the President of the Executive Yuan shall act for the President. After the Vice President succeeds as president, the

title: Politics of the Republic of China

text: Politics of the Republic of China The politics of the Republic of China take place in a framework of a representative democratic republic, whereby the President is head of state and the Premier (President of the Executive Yuan) is head of government, and of a multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative power is vested in primarily with the parliament and limited by government. The Judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature. The party system is dominated by the Kuomintang (KMT, "Chinese Nationalist Party"), which favours closer links to mainland China, and the Democratic Progressive

title: President of the Church

text: executive council. As "President of the High Priesthood", the Prophet-President is the church's leading priesthood official. (Since the initiation of the ordination of women in 1985, it is now possible for this position to be filled by a woman, though all Prophet-Presidents to date have been men.) As "Prophet, Seer, and Revelator", the Prophet-President is the Community of Christ's spiritual leader and can present revelations to the church to be added to the Doctrine and Covenants—an open canon of scripture, which stands with the Bible and the Book of Mormon as sacred text. In the church, only the Prophet-President is