query: What is strep throat?

title: Rapid strep test

text: Rapid strep test The rapid strep test (RST) is a rapid antigen detection test (RADT) that is widely used in clinics to assist in the diagnosis of bacterial pharyngitis caused by group A streptococci (GAS), sometimes termed strep throat. There are currently several types of rapid strep test in use, each employing a distinct technology. However, they all work by detecting the presence of GAS in the throat of a person by responding to GAS-specific antigens on a throat swab. A rapid strep test may assist a clinician in deciding whether to prescribe an antibiotic to a person with pharyngitis,

title: Rapid strep test

text: of a positive RST result from a person with a sore throat. US guidelines recommend following up a negative result with a microbial culture, whereas European guidelines suggest relying on the negative RST. Rapid strep test The rapid strep test (RST) is a rapid antigen detection test (RADT) that is widely used in clinics to assist in the diagnosis of bacterial pharyngitis caused by group A streptococci (GAS), sometimes termed strep throat. There are currently several types of rapid strep test in use, each employing a distinct technology. However, they all work by detecting the presence of GAS in the

title: Throat culture

text: causing thrush and Group A streptococcus known for causing strep throat, scarlet fever, and rheumatic fever. Throat cultures are more sensitive (81% sensitive) than the rapid strep test (70%) for diagnosing strep throat, but are nearly equal in terms of specificity. A throat culture may be done to investigate the cause of a sore throat. Most sore throats are caused by viral infections. However, in some cases the cause of a sore throat may be unclear and a throat culture can be used to determine if the infection is bacterial. Identifying the responsible organism can guide treatment. The person receiving

title: Throat irritation

text: the back of the throat or out of the nose. Post-nasal drip can be caused by the common cold, allergies to dust, smoking, or pet dander. Even spicy foods can sometimes cause post-nasal drip. Runny nose is not life-threatening but can be uncomfortable and socially unacceptable. It is caused by bacteria which if untreated can lead to many other problems in the body. Strep throat is most common in childhood but can affect people of all ages. It may present with throat pain, difficulty swallowing, painful and swollen tonsils, fever, headache, skin rash and flu. The diagnosis of strep throat

title: Group B Strep Support

text: Group B Strep Support Group B Strep Support is a national charity based in the United Kingdom. Group B Strep Support was formed in 1996, after the founders' son had a group B Strep infection. Since then it has established a medical panel and set up a board of trustees. The charity has been heavily involved in public consultations on group B Strep prevention, and in 2012 commented on the National Screening Committee's review of GBS testing. In 2012, the chief executive Jane Plumb received an MBE for services for child health. GBSS states that it has three main aims:

title: Group B Strep Support

title: Scarlet fever

text: (indicating that the Group A Strep Antigen was detected and therefore confirming that the patient has a Group A Strep Pharyngitis) then it is appropriate to treat them with antibiotics. However, if the Rapid Antigen Detection Test is negative (indicating that they do not have Group A Strep Pharyngitis), then a throat culture is required to confirm since it could be a false negative result. The throat culture is the current gold standard for diagnosis. Serologic testing looks for the antibodies that the body produces against the streptococcal infection including antistreptolysin-O and antideoxyribonuclease B. It takes the body 2–3 weeks

title: Streptococcal pharyngitis

text: Streptococcal pharyngitis Streptococcal pharyngitis, also known as strep throat, is an infection of the back of the throat including the tonsils caused by "group A streptococcus" (GAS). Common symptoms include fever, sore throat, red tonsils, and enlarged lymph nodes in the neck. A headache, and nausea or vomiting may also occur. Some develop a sandpaper-like rash which is known as scarlet fever. Symptoms typically begin one to three days after exposure and last seven to ten days. Strep throat is spread by respiratory droplets from an infected person. It may be spread directly or by touching something that has droplets

title: Scarlet fever

text: pharyngitis will develop scarlet fever. The rash of scarlet fever, which is what differentiates this disease from an isolated Group A Strep pharyngitis (or strep throat), is caused by specific strains of Group A Streptococcus which produce a pyrogenic exotoxin. These toxin producing strains cause scarlet fever in people who do not already have antitoxin antibodies. Streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxins A, B, and C (speA, speB, and speC) have been identified. The pyrogenic exotoxins are also called erythrogenic toxins and cause the erythematous rash of scarlet fever. The strains of Group A Streptococcus which cause scarlet fever need specific bacteriophages in

title: Tonsillitis

text: air. A scoring system, such as the Centor score, may help separate possible causes. Confirmation may be by a throat swab or rapid strep test. Treatment efforts involve improving symptoms and decreasing complications. Paracetamol (acetaminophen) and ibuprofen may be used to help with pain. If strep throat is present the antibiotic penicillin by mouth is generally recommended. In those who are allergic to penicillin, cephalosporins or macrolides may be used. In children with frequent episodes of tonsillitis, tonsillectomy modestly decreases the risk of future episodes. About 7.5% of people have a sore throat in any three-month period and 2% of

title: Rheumatic fever

text: ages 5 and 17 years and occurs approximately 20 days after strep throat. In up to a third of cases, the underlying strep infection may not have caused any symptoms. The rate of development of rheumatic fever in individuals with untreated strep infection is estimated to be 3%. The incidence of recurrence with a subsequent untreated infection is substantially greater (about 50%). The rate of development is far lower in individuals who have received antibiotic treatment. Persons who have suffered a case of rheumatic fever have a tendency to develop flare-ups with repeated strep infections. The recurrence of rheumatic fever

title: Centor criteria

text: for ruling out strep throat than for diagnosing strep throat. The Centor criteria were originally developed for adults. A study published in the "British Medical Journal" in 2013 looked at whether it could be applied to children aged 2–16. It was a retrospective study (2008–2010) and looked at 441 children who attended a Belgian hospital emergency department and had a throat swab taken. It concluded that the Centor criteria are ineffective in predicting the presence of Group A beta-haemolytic streptococcus (i.e. antibiotic treatment-worthy) on throat swab cultures in children. Centor criteria The Centor criteria are a set of criteria which

title: Sore throat

text: In the United States there are about 2.4 million emergency department visits with throat-related complaints per year. Sore throat Sore throat, also known as throat pain, is pain or irritation of the throat. It is usually caused by pharyngitis (inflammation of the throat) or tonsillitis (inflammation of the tonsils). It can also result from trauma. About 7.5% of people have a sore throat in any three-month period. A sore throat is pain anywhere in the throat. A sore throat is usually from irritation or inflammation. The most common cause (80%) is acute viral pharyngitis, a viral infection of the throat.

title: Streptococcal pharyngitis

text: the latter being an uncommon but highly specific finding. Symptoms typically begin one to three days after exposure and last seven to ten days. Strep throat is unlikely when any of the symptoms of red eyes, hoarseness, runny nose, or mouth ulcers are present. It is also unlikely when there is no fever. Strep throat is caused by group A β-hemolytic "streptococcus" (GAS or "S. pyogenes"). Other bacteria such as non–group A β-hemolytic "streptococci" and "fusobacterium" may also cause pharyngitis. It is spread by direct, close contact with an infected person; thus crowding, as may be found in the military

title: Sore throat

text: Sore throat Sore throat, also known as throat pain, is pain or irritation of the throat. It is usually caused by pharyngitis (inflammation of the throat) or tonsillitis (inflammation of the tonsils). It can also result from trauma. About 7.5% of people have a sore throat in any three-month period. A sore throat is pain anywhere in the throat. A sore throat is usually from irritation or inflammation. The most common cause (80%) is acute viral pharyngitis, a viral infection of the throat. Other causes include other infections (such as streptococcal pharyngitis), trauma, and tumors. Gastroesophageal (acid) reflux disease can

title: Upper respiratory tract infection

text: in mucous discharge to yellow, thick, or green are the natural course of viral upper respiratory tract infection and not an indication for antibiotics. Group A beta hemolytic streptococcal pharyngitis/tonsillitis (strep throat) typically presents with a sudden onset of sore throat, pain with swallowing and fever. Strep throat does not usually cause runny nose, voice changes, or cough. Pain and pressure of the ear caused by a middle ear infection (otitis media) and the reddening of the eye caused by viral conjunctivitis are often associated with upper respiratory infections. In terms of pathophysiology, rhino virus infection resembles the immune response.

title: Infection

text: of events that can be visibly obvious in various ways, dependent upon the test. For example, "Strep throat" is often diagnosed within minutes, and is based on the appearance of antigens made by the causative agent, "S. pyogenes", that is retrieved from a patient′s throat with a cotton swab. Serological tests, if available, are usually the preferred route of identification, however the tests are costly to develop and the reagents used in the test often require refrigeration. Some serological methods are extremely costly, although when commonly used, such as with the "strep test", they can be inexpensive. Complex serological techniques

title: Cardiovascular disease

text: high blood cholesterol, poor diet, and excessive alcohol consumption, among others. High blood pressure results in 13% of CVD deaths, while tobacco results in 9%, diabetes 6%, lack of exercise 6% and obesity 5%. Rheumatic heart disease may follow untreated strep throat. It is estimated that 90% of CVD is preventable. Prevention of atherosclerosis involves improving risk factors through: healthy eating, exercise, avoidance of tobacco smoke and limiting alcohol intake. Treating risk factors, such as high blood pressure, blood lipids and diabetes is also beneficial. Treating people who have strep throat with antibiotics can decrease the risk of rheumatic heart

title: Scarlet fever

text: Scarlet fever Scarlet fever is a disease which can occur as a result of a group A "streptococcus" (group A strep) infection. The signs and symptoms include a sore throat, fever, headaches, swollen lymph nodes, and a characteristic rash. The rash is red and feels like sandpaper and the tongue may be red and bumpy. It most commonly affects children between five and 15 years of age. Scarlet fever affects a small number of people who have strep throat or streptococcal skin infections. The bacteria are usually spread by people coughing or sneezing. It can also be spread when a

title: Scarlet fever

text: It was a leading cause of death in children in the early 20th century. Rash which has a characteristic appearance, spreading pattern, and desquamating process "Strawberry tongue" Pastia's lines Vomiting and abdominal pain Typical symptoms of streptococcal pharyngitis (also known as strep throat): The following symptoms will usually be absent: cough, hoarseness, runny nose, diarrhea, and conjunctivitis. Their presence indicates it is more likely a viral infection. The rash begins 12 days following the onset of symptoms caused by the strep pharyngitis (sore throat, fever, fatigue). This characteristic rash has been denoted as "scarlatiniform" and it appears as a diffuse

title: Streptococcus salivarius

text: plate. Some strains of "S. salivarius" are being trialed for their use as a probiotic in the prevention of oral infections. Some strains of "S. salivarius" are found to produce BLIS (Bacteriocin-like Inhibitory Substances) which are antimicrobial peptides. These peptides display interspecies inhibition, and inhibit "Streptococcus pyogenes" (which causes Strep throat infections). Lozenges containing S. salivarius are marketed to support immunity against more virulent Streptococcus strains. People with this strain of naturally occurring "S. salivarius" on their tongue have been shown to have fewer Strep throat infections. This is also being investigated for its potential to prevent rheumatic heart disease

title: Tonsillitis

text: the preceding year, five episodes in each of the preceding two years or three episodes in each of the preceding three years), or in acute cases where the palatine tonsils become so swollen that swallowing is impaired, a tonsillectomy can be performed to remove the tonsils. Patients whose tonsils have been removed are still protected from infection by the rest of their immune system. In strep throat, very rarely diseases like rheumatic fever or glomerulonephritis can occur. These complications are extremely rare in developed nations but remain a significant problem in poorer nations. Tonsillitis associated with strep throat, if untreated,

title: Adenoviridae

text: the upper respiratory tract. Adenovirus infections often show up as conjunctivitis, tonsillitis (which may look exactly like strep throat and cannot be distinguished from strep except by throat culture), an ear infection, or croup. Adenoviruses, types 40 and 41 can also cause gastroenteritis. A combination of conjunctivitis and tonsillitis is particularly common with adenovirus infections. Some children (especially small ones) can develop adenovirus bronchiolitis or pneumonia, both of which can be severe. In babies, adenoviruses can also cause coughing fits that look almost exactly like whooping cough. Adenoviruses can also cause viral meningitis or encephalitis. Rarely, adenovirus can cause hemorrhagic

title: Throat culture

text: Throat culture A throat culture is a laboratory diagnostic test that evaluates for the presence of a bacterial or fungal infection in the throat. A sample from the throat is collected by swabbing the throat and placing the sample into a special cup (culture) that allows infections to grow. If an organism grows, the culture is positive and the presence of an infection is confirmed. The type of infection is found using a microscope, chemical tests, or both. If no infection grows, the culture is negative. Common infectious organisms tested for by a throat culture include Candida albicans known for

title: Throat culture

text: a larger sample than a throat swab and may make the culture more reliable. A culture for Streptococcus pyogenes can take 18–24 hours when grown at 37 degrees Celsius (body temperature). Throat culture A throat culture is a laboratory diagnostic test that evaluates for the presence of a bacterial or fungal infection in the throat. A sample from the throat is collected by swabbing the throat and placing the sample into a special cup (culture) that allows infections to grow. If an organism grows, the culture is positive and the presence of an infection is confirmed. The type of infection

title: Throat lozenge

text: Throat lozenge A throat lozenge (cough drop, troche, cachou, or cough sweet) is a small, typically medicated tablet intended to be dissolved slowly in the mouth to temporarily stop coughs and lubricate and soothe irritated tissues of the throat (usually due to a sore throat), possibly from the common cold or influenza. Cough tablets have taken the name lozenge, based on their original shape, a diamond. Lozenges may contain benzocaine, an anaesthetic, or eucalyptus oil. Non-menthol throat lozenges generally use either zinc gluconate glycine or pectin as an oral demulcent. Several brands of throat lozenges contain dextromethorphan. Still other varieties,

title: Streptococcal pharyngitis

text: a negative RADT is sufficient to rule out the diagnosis. However, in children a throat culture is recommended to confirm the result. Asymptomatic individuals should not be routinely tested with a throat culture or RADT because a certain percentage of the population persistently "carries" the streptococcal bacteria in their throat without any harmful results. As the symptoms of streptococcal pharyngitis overlap with other conditions, it can be difficult to make the diagnosis clinically. Coughing, nasal discharge, diarrhea, and red, irritated eyes in addition to fever and sore throat are more indicative of a viral sore throat than of strep throat.

title: Throat

text: of the fauces. It works with the mouth, ears and nose, as well as a number of other parts of the body. Its pharynx is connected to the mouth, allowing speech to occur, and food and liquid to pass down the throat. It is joined to the nose by the nasopharynx at the top of the throat, and to ear by its Eustachian tube. The throat's trachea carries inhaled air to the bronchi of the lungs. The esophagus carries food through the throat to the stomach. Adenoids and tonsils help prevent infection and are composed of lymph tissue. The larynx

title: Throat irritation

text: be severely irritated when acid touches the vocal cords and can lead to spasms of coughing. To prevent throat irritation from reflux, one should lose weight, stop smoking, avoid coffee beverages and sleep with the head elevated. The diagnosis of a throat irritation include a physical exam and throat culture. The majority of cases of throat irritation usually go away without any treatment. There is no real treatment for throat irritation from a virus. If you have difficulty swallowing then one should drink liquids, suck on lozenges, ice chips or mix salt with warm water to gargle. Bacterial infections generally

title: Rapid strep test

text: their European equivalents. The use of RSTs may be most beneficial in the third world, where the complications of streptococcal infection are most prevalent, but their use in these regions has not been well studied. Microbial culture from a throat swab is a reliable and affordable alternative to an RST which has high sensitivity and specificity. However, a culture requires special facilities and usually takes 48 hours to give a result, whereas an RST can give a result within several minutes. The person’s throat is first swabbed to collect a sample of mucus. In most RSTs, this mucus sample is

title: Rapid strep test

text: a common infection of the throat. Viral infections are responsible for the majority of pharyngitis, but a significant proportion (20% to 40% in children and 5% to 15% in adults) is caused by bacterial infection. The symptoms of viral and bacterial infection may be indistinguishable, but only bacterial pharyngitis can be effectively treated by antibiotics. Since the major cause of bacterial pharyngitis is GAS, the presence of this organism in a person's throat may be seen as a necessary condition for prescribing antibiotics. GAS pharyngitis is a self-limiting infection that will usually resolve within a week without medication. However, antibiotics

title: Vegas Throat

text: band's sound. Adapted from the "Vegas Throat" liner notes. Vegas Throat Vegas Throat is the debut studio album of the American noise rock band Barkmarket, released in 1991 by Triple X Records. It was reissued in 1992 on Rick Rubin's Def American label with an alternate track listing and the song " Ten Convictions". The album's title is a colloquial term describing a chronic sore throat attributed by singers and performers to the dry desert air in Las Vegas, Nevada. Stewart Mason of allmusic gave it 3 out of 5 stars, claiming "the rough edges of this album add to

title: Vegas Throat

text: Vegas Throat Vegas Throat is the debut studio album of the American noise rock band Barkmarket, released in 1991 by Triple X Records. It was reissued in 1992 on Rick Rubin's Def American label with an alternate track listing and the song " Ten Convictions". The album's title is a colloquial term describing a chronic sore throat attributed by singers and performers to the dry desert air in Las Vegas, Nevada. Stewart Mason of allmusic gave it 3 out of 5 stars, claiming "the rough edges of this album add to its charm", although noting that later releases perfected the

title: Throat irritation

text: throat irritation. Often a dry cough may also be present. It is inflammation of the voice box which can occur from overuse, irritation or an infection. Laryngitis can be a short term illness or a prolonged problem. The majority of cases of laryngitis are due to viral infections which only last a few days. Laryngitis is often a common complaint in individuals who sing. Opera singers or those who yell at sporting events strain the throat muscles and develop a case of laryngitis. However, persistent throat irritation and hoarseness may be from a more serious disorder like cancer. Viruses are

title: Group A streptococcal infection

text: for group A β-hemolytic streptococcus, infection of GAS is an increasing problem, particularly on the continent of Africa. There are many other types of streptococci (species of "Streptococcus"), including group B streptococcus ("Streptococcus agalactiae") and "Streptococcus pneumoniae", which cause other types of infections and should not be confused with group A strep. Several virulence factors contribute to the pathogenesis of GAS, such as M protein, hemolysins, and extracellular enzymes. Group A β-hemolytic streptococcus can cause infections of the throat and skin. These may vary from very mild conditions to severe, life-threatening diseases. Although it is not completely clear what causes

title: Pharyngitis

text: "Haemophilus influenzae", "Bordetella pertussis", "Bacillus anthracis", "Corynebacterium diphtheriae", "Neisseria gonorrhoeae", "Chlamydophila pneumoniae", "Mycoplasma pneumoniae" and "Fusobacterium necrophorum". Streptococcal pharyngitis or strep throat is caused by group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus (GAS). It is the most common bacterial cause of cases of pharyngitis (15–30%). Common symptoms include fever, sore throat, and large lymph nodes. It is a contagious infection, spread by close contact with an infected individual. A definitive diagnosis is made based on the results of a throat culture. Antibiotics are useful to both prevent complications and speed recovery. "Fusobacterium necrophorum" is a normal inhabitant of the oropharyngeal flora and can

title: Guttate psoriasis

text: Guttate psoriasis Guttate psoriasis (also known as eruptive psoriasis) is a type of psoriasis that presents as small (0.5–1.5 cm in diameter) lesions over the upper trunk and proximal extremities; it is found frequently in young adults. The term "guttate" is used to describe the drop-like appearance of skin lesions. Guttate psoriasis is classically triggered by a bacterial infection, usually an upper respiratory tract infection. Typically guttate psoriasis erupts after a throat infection, or strep throat. Initially, when the throat infection has cleared up, the person can feel fine for several weeks before noticing the appearance of red spots. They

title: Pharyngitis

text: Pharyngitis Pharyngitis is inflammation of the back of the throat, known as the pharynx. It typically results in a sore throat and fever. Other symptoms may include a runny nose, cough, headache, and a hoarse voice. Symptoms usually last three to five days. Complications can include sinusitis and acute otitis media. Pharyngitis is a type of upper respiratory tract infection. Most cases are caused by a viral infection. Strep throat, a bacterial infection, is the cause in about 25% of children and 10% of adults. Uncommon causes include other bacteria such as gonorrhea, fungus, irritants such as smoke, allergies, and

title: Kinsa

text: smartphone-connected sensors. The smart thermometer collects illness data which is analyzed and displayed by an app developed by the company. Users can track temperatures, symptoms, medication doses and diagnoses, as well as get real-time guidance on what to do if symptoms are cause for concern. The app also has a local groups feature for school communities with a health summary and message board. It tells members which illnesses are going around their school, such as the flu or strep throat. Later in 2014, Kinsa received FDA 510(k) clearance for the smart thermometer. It began to be sold in Apple stores

title: Wooden reed care

text: streptococci have increased in prevalence and have been the cause of rheumatic fever and other invasive infections. The mucous membranes found in the nose and throat are primary sites for infection and transmission of group A streptococci. The mucus membranes are in direct contact with the reed during playing; therefore, if infection does occur it is likely it will derive from the group A streptococci. When group A streptococcal infects the throat, it is also known as streptococcal pharyngitis, or strep throat. Redness, trouble swallowing, swelling of regional lymph nodes, and localized pain are common complaints of streptococcal pharyngitis. Leukocytosis,

title: Wooden reed care

text: Also, alpha-amylase contains a significant level of sialic acid. When alpha-amylase combines with saliva, the enzymes hydrolyze and release the sialic acid, forming another water-insoluble precipitate. These two precipitates combine to form an impenetrable layer on the reed, which prevent the reed from fully hydrating. In time, the reed will become stiff and brittle. Streptococcal bacteria have been found living inside the walls of water-conducting xylem cells in spent reeds. Streptococcal bacterium is a common bacterium that causes illness to the throat, including sore throat and strep throat. Also the common bacterium, Staphalcoccus Epidermitis, completely covers the reed. It is

title: Strep-tag

text: Following assays can be conducted using the Strep-tag detection system: Because the Strep-tag is capable of isolating protein complexes, strategies for the study of protein-protein interactions can also be conducted. Another option is the immobilization of Strep-tag proteins with a specific high affinity antibody on microplates or biochips. Strep-Tag/StrepTactin system is also used in single molecule optical tweezers and AFM experiments, showing high mechanical stability comparable to the strongest noncovalent linkages currently available. Strep-tag The Strep-tag® system is a method which allows the purification and detection of proteins by affinity chromatography. The Strep-tag II is a synthetic peptide consisting of

title: Strep-tag

text: its high affinity for the vitamin h-biotin, Streptavidin is commonly used in the fields of molecular biology and biotechnology. The Strep-tag was originally selected from a genetic library to specifically bind to a proteolytically truncated "core" version of streptavidin. Over the years, the Strep-tag was systemically optimized, to permit a greater flexibility in the choice of attachment site. Further, its interaction partner, Streptavidin, was also optimized to increase peptide-binding capacity, which resulted in the development of Strep-Tactin. The binding affinity of Strep-tag to Strep-Tactin is nearly 100 times higher than to Streptavidin. The so-called Strep-tag system, consisting of Strep-tag and

title: Strep-tag

text: Strep-tag The Strep-tag® system is a method which allows the purification and detection of proteins by affinity chromatography. The Strep-tag II is a synthetic peptide consisting of eight amino acids (Trp-Ser-His-Pro-Gln-Phe-Glu-Lys). This peptide sequence exhibits intrinsic affinity towards Strep-Tactin®, a specifically engineered streptavidin, and can be N- or C- terminally fused to recombinant proteins. By exploiting the highly specific interaction, "Strep"-tagged proteins can be isolated in one step from crude cell lysates. Because the "Strep"-tag elutes under gentle, physiological conditions it is especially suited for generation of functional proteins. Streptavidin is a tetrameric protein expressed in "Streptomyces avidinii". Because of

title: Strep-tag

text: highly selective tool to purify proteins under physiological conditions. The proteins obtained are bioactive and display a very high purity (above 95%). Also, the Strep-tag system can be used for protein detection in various assays. Depending on the experimental circumstances, Strep-tag antibodies "or" Strep-Tactin, with an enzymatic (e.g.horseradish peroxidase (HRP), alkaline phosphatase (AP)) or fluorescence (e.g. green fluorescent protein (GFP)) marker. If high purity is required, the lysate can be purified by first using Strep-Tactin and then perform a second run using antibodies against Strep-tag. This reduces the contamination with unspecific bound proteins, which might occur in some rare scenarios.

title: Strep-tag

text: Strep-Tactin, has proven particularly useful for the functional isolation and analysis of protein complexes in proteome research. Just like other short-affinity tags (His-tag, FLAG-tag), the Strep-tag can be easily fused to recombinant proteins during subcloning of its cDNA or gene. For its expression various vectors for various host organisms ("E. coli", yeast, insect, and mammalian cells) are available. A particular benefit of the Strep-tag is its rather small size and the fact that it is biochemically almost inert. Therefore, protein folding or secretion is not influenced and usually it does not interfere with protein function. Strep-tag is especially suited for

title: Strep-tag

text: analysis of functional proteins, because the purification procedure can be kept under physiological conditions. This not only allows the isolation of sensitive proteins in a native state, but it is also possible to purify intact protein complexes, even if just one subunit carries the tag. In the first step of the Strep-tag purification cycle, the cell lysate containing Strep-tag fusion protein is applied to a column with immobilized Strep-Tactin (step 1). After the tagged protein has specifically bound to Strep-Tactin, a short washing step with a physiological buffer (e.g. PBS) removes all other host proteins (step 2). This is due

title: Pen-Strep

text: can be rapidly destroyed at alkaline pH environments. The cell culture media is generally neutral in pH which is why Pen-Strep is still widely used in mammalian cell culture. For the purpose of contamination control in cell culture, Gentamicin Sulfate or Kanamycin sulfate is also commonly used. Pen-Strep Pen-Strep (syn. Penicillin-Streptomycin) is a mixture of penicillin and streptomycin widely used in mammalian cell culture media to prevent bacterial contamination. The solution contains 5,000 Units of Penicillin G (sodium salt) which acts as the active base, and 5,000 micrograms of Streptomycin (sulfate) (base per milliliter), formulated in 0.85% saline. In general,

title: Pen-Strep

text: Pen-Strep Pen-Strep (syn. Penicillin-Streptomycin) is a mixture of penicillin and streptomycin widely used in mammalian cell culture media to prevent bacterial contamination. The solution contains 5,000 Units of Penicillin G (sodium salt) which acts as the active base, and 5,000 micrograms of Streptomycin (sulfate) (base per milliliter), formulated in 0.85% saline. In general, 50-100 Units of Pen-Strep per milliliter of media is used to avoid contamination in cell culture. Thus, the retail product is generally 100 X more concentrated. It is recommended for use in cell culture applications at a concentration of 10 ml per Liter. It is the most

title: Strep-tag

text: to its extraordinary low tendency to bind proteins non specifically. Then, the purified Strep-tag fusion protein is gently eluted with a low concentration of desthiobiotin, which specifically competes for the biotin binding pocket (step 3). To regenerate the column, desthiobiotin is removed by application of a HABA containing solution (a yellow azo dye). The removal of desthiobiotin is indicated by a color change from yellow-orange to red (step 4+5). Finally, the HABA solution is washed out with a small volume of running buffer, thus making the column ready to use for the next purification run. The Strep-tag system offers a

title: Streptococcal pharyngitis

text: is the gold standard for the diagnosis of streptococcal pharyngitis, with a sensitivity of 90–95%. A rapid strep test (also called rapid antigen detection testing or RADT) may also be used. While the rapid strep test is quicker, it has a lower sensitivity (70%) and statistically equal specificity (98%) as a throat culture. In areas of the world where rheumatic fever is uncommon, a negative rapid strep test is sufficient to rule out the disease. A positive throat culture or RADT in association with symptoms establishes a positive diagnosis in those in which the diagnosis is in doubt. In adults,

title: Deep Throat (Watergate)

text: Deep Throat (Watergate) Deep Throat is the pseudonym given to the secret informant who provided information in 1972 to Bob Woodward, who shared it with Carl Bernstein. Woodward and Bernstein were reporters for "The Washington Post", and Deep Throat provided key details about the involvement of U.S. President Richard Nixon's administration in what came to be known as the Watergate scandal. In 2005, 31 years after Nixon's resignation and 11 years after Nixon's death, a family attorney stated that former Federal Bureau of Investigation Associate Director Mark Felt was Deep Throat. Felt was suffering from dementia at the time and

title: Throat

text: Throat In vertebrate anatomy, the throat is the front part of the neck, positioned in front of the vertebra. It contains the pharynx and larynx. An important section of it is the epiglottis, which is a flap separating the esophagus from the trachea (windpipe) preventing food and drink being inhaled into the lungs. The throat contains various blood vessels, pharyngeal muscles, the nasopharyngeal tonsil, the tonsils, the palatine uvula, the trachea, the esophagus, and the vocal cords. Mammal throats consist of two bones, the hyoid bone and the clavicle. The "throat" is sometimes thought to be synonymous for the isthmus

title: Throat

text: contains vocal cords, the epiglottis (preventing food/liquid inhalation), and an area known as the subglottic larynx—the narrowest section of the upper part of the throat. In the larynx, the vocal cords consist of two membranes that act according to the pressure of the air. The "Jugulum" is a low part of the throat, located slightly above the breast. The term "Jugulum" is reflected both by the internal and external jugular veins, which pass through the "Jugulum". Throat In vertebrate anatomy, the throat is the front part of the neck, positioned in front of the vertebra. It contains the pharynx and

title: Throat leech

text: which causes the victim to choke. Throat leech In the "Dungeons & Dragons" fantasy role-playing game, the throat leech is a type of vermin creature. The throat leech first appeared in "White Dwarf" #6 (April 1978). The throat leech appeared in the original first edition "Fiend Folio" (1981). The throat leech appeared in second edition "Advanced Dungeons & Dragons" under the "leech" heading in the "Monstrous Compendium Volume Two" (1989), and in the "Monstrous Manual" (1993). A throat leech is a small twig-sized creature found in pools, lakes, and streams. If swallowed, it stays in the creature's throat and sucks

title: Throat leech

text: Throat leech In the "Dungeons & Dragons" fantasy role-playing game, the throat leech is a type of vermin creature. The throat leech first appeared in "White Dwarf" #6 (April 1978). The throat leech appeared in the original first edition "Fiend Folio" (1981). The throat leech appeared in second edition "Advanced Dungeons & Dragons" under the "leech" heading in the "Monstrous Compendium Volume Two" (1989), and in the "Monstrous Manual" (1993). A throat leech is a small twig-sized creature found in pools, lakes, and streams. If swallowed, it stays in the creature's throat and sucks blood until it becomes fully distended,

title: Throat-clear

text: Throat-clear A throat-clear is a sound made at the back of the throat by tightly constricting the laryngopharyngeal tissues and vibrating the palatoglossal arch and the vocal folds while exhaling thru the nose; this may be done with the mouth slightly opened or completely closed. The throat-clear is articulated as a single-syllable exclamation, written onomatopoeiacally as "hem"; or it may be articulated as a double-syllable sound, written as "ahem", which is expressed by inhaling slightly and then exhaling more forcibly. The deliberately executed throat-clear is a nonverbal, paralingual form of metacommunication. The throat-clear may be articulated consciously or unconsciously as

title: Throat-clear

text: a symptom of a number of laryngopharyngeal (upper respiratory tract) ailments. Continual throat-clearing is a symptom of chronically dry vocal cords, caused by of insufficiently produced amounts of mucus due to inadequate amounts of water, and excessive amounts of caffeine and alcohol. Throat-clear A throat-clear is a sound made at the back of the throat by tightly constricting the laryngopharyngeal tissues and vibrating the palatoglossal arch and the vocal folds while exhaling thru the nose; this may be done with the mouth slightly opened or completely closed. The throat-clear is articulated as a single-syllable exclamation, written onomatopoeiacally as "hem"; or

title: Tuvan throat singing

text: countries as a throat singer in the early 1990s. With the start of the International Symposium of Khoomei women could sing publicly there. Tyva Kyzy (Тыва Кызы, pronounced ) (Daughters of Tuva, in Tuvan Turkish), founded in 1998, is an all-female folk ensemble performing Tuvan throat singing, under the direction of Choduraa Tumat. It is the first and only women's group in Tuva that performs all styles of Tuvan throat singing. </div> Tuvan throat singing Tuvan throat singing, Khoomei, Hooliin Chor (in Mongolian, ‘throat harmony’), or Mongolian throat singing is one particular variant of overtone singing practiced by people in

title: Throat irritation

text: require antibiotics. Home remedies for throat irritation include gargling with warm water twice a day, sipping honey and lemon mixture or sucking on medicated lozenges. If the cause is dry air, then one should humidify the home. Since smoke irritates the throat, stop smoking and avoid all fumes from chemicals, paints and volatile liquids. Rest your voice if you have been screaming or singing. If you have pharyngitis, avoid infecting others by covering your mouth when coughing and wear a mask. Throat irritation Throat irritation can refer to a dry cough, a scratchy feeling at the back of the throat,

title: Throat microphone

text: comfortable to wear than earlier units and also better balance transmission quality. Additionally, this next generation of throat microphones provides varying outputs and frequency responses to accommodate a wide variety of professional communication devices such as digital and analog portable radios and Terrestrial Trunked Radio (TETRA) and P25 systems. Several throat microphones now exist for mobile devices. Throat microphone A throat microphone, also called a laryngophone, is a type of contact microphone that absorbs vibrations directly from the wearer's throat by way of single or dual sensors worn against the neck. The sensors, called transducers, can pick up speech even

title: FMW Deep Throat

text: heel. Even though those were better booked than the undercard stuff, the constant turns, swerves and what have you seemed to jade many fans, which probably contributed to the bad attendance." FMW Deep Throat Deep Throat was a professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event produced by Frontier Martial-Arts Wrestling (FMW). The event took place on November 12, 2000 at the Bunka Gym in Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. Ten matches were contested at the event. In the main event, Kodo Fuyuki successfully defended the WEW World Heavyweight Championship against Hayabusa with a running lariat. Hayabusa would take a hiatus after the match due

title: Cut throat competition

text: Cut throat competition Cut throat competition is a term that was widely used to describe the reason for consumer protection regulation, labour law, and enforcement of competition law or antitrust, in the late 19th and early 20th century. In economics, cut throat competition is also referred to as ruinous, excessive or unfettered competition. More generally, cut throat competition is also subsumed under the term "destructive competition". Many countries have strict legislation against cut throat competition and anti-competitive practices in pricing. According to the Federal Trade Commission, the alleged necessity of a pricing agreement to avoid cut-throat competition is not considered

title: The Door in the Dragon's Throat

text: The Door in the Dragon's Throat The Door in the Dragon's Throat is a book in the Cooper Kids Adventure Series by Frank E. Peretti, published in 1985. The novel introduces us to Dr. Jake Cooper, a Christian archaeologist, and his two children Jay and Lila. The Coopers, a family of Christian archaeologists, are recruited by President Al-Dallam, a greedy oil sheikh, to journey to the bottom of the dragon's throat, where many other expeditions have met with gruesome deaths, never having unraveled the mystery of what lurks at the bottom. However, the Cooper family have an edge: their unwavering

title: Throat clamp

text: the animal essentially drowns in its own blood. This method has not been used regularly by any modern carnivores and is, due to the bloody nature, not suitable for an area with high competition due to the smell attracting other predators. It can be argued that this not a true throat clamp, but another specialized type of killing. Throat clamp Throat clamp is method of subduing often seen in predatory felids and occasionally canids and hyaenids. It involves the predator grasping the throat of the prey and clamping tight so that the windpipe is either crushed or blocked. Cats use

title: Throat irritation

text: cause of throat irritation. Other items known to induce throat irritation include alcohol, spicy or hot foods and smokeless tobacco. This affliction is a common cause of throat irritation. Normally the stomach produces acid in the stomach which is neutralized in the small intestine. To prevent acid from flowing backwards, the lower part of the swallowing tube (esophagus) has a valve which closes after food passes through. In some individuals, this valve becomes incompetent and acid goes up into the esophagus. Reflux episodes often occur at night and one may develop a bitter taste in the mouth. The throat can

title: Cut-throat finch

text: Cut-throat finch The cut-throat finch ("Amadina fasciata") is a common species of estrildid finch found throughout Africa; it is also known as the bearded finch, the ribbon finch, the cut throat, and the weaver finch. The cut-throat finch has plumage that is pale, sandy brown with flecks of black all over. They have a black-brown tail, a thick white chin and cheeks, and a chestnut brown patch on the belly. The legs are a pink fleshy colour. The adult male has a bright red band across its throat (thus the name "cut throat"), while the male juveniles have a slightly

title: Tuvan throat singing

text: Tuvan throat singing Tuvan throat singing, Khoomei, Hooliin Chor (in Mongolian, ‘throat harmony’), or Mongolian throat singing is one particular variant of overtone singing practiced by people in Mongolia, Inner Mongolia, Tuva and Siberia. In 2009, it was inscribed on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity of UNESCO, under the name "Mongolian art of singing, Khoomei". In Mongolian throat singing, the performer produces a fundamental pitch and—simultaneously—one or more pitches over that. The history of Mongolian throat singing reaches far back. Many male herders can throat sing, but women are beginning to practice the technique as

title: Tuvan throat singing

text: voice". This is the voice that throat singers use when using khoomei, kargyraa, or any other harmonic-inducing style. The term can also be used to refer to all styles of Tuvan throat singing, much like khoomei. It can also refer to the feeling of chest resonance or pressure that one experiences when throat singing. Khorekteer is often used as a launching pad into the khoomei, sygyt, or kargyraa styles of throat singing. The most popular style of Tuvan throat singing is known as Khoomei (or Khöömei, in Cyrillic: Хөөмей). Khoomei is traditionally a softer sounding style, with the fundamental (or

title: Throat irritation

text: Throat irritation Throat irritation can refer to a dry cough, a scratchy feeling at the back of the throat, a sensation of a lumpy feeling, something stuck at the back of the throat, or possibly a feeling of dust in the throat. The symptoms are unpleasant and usually temporary, but occasionally signifies a more serious health issue, such as laryngitis. During the summer months, allergies are a common cause of throat irritation. Many individuals have allergies to pet dander, dust, mites, pollen and molds that can trigger an allergic reaction which present with runny nose, red eyes, congested nose and

title: Throat Sprockets

text: by David Lloyd was published in issue #8. Throat Sprockets Throat Sprockets is an erotic horror novel by Tim Lucas, published in 1994. It concerns an unnamed protagonist's obsessive quest to learn all he can about a mysterious film called "Throat Sprockets". As fixation on the film consumes his personal life, he develops a sexual fetish for women's throats, an affinity which begins spreading to global and apocalyptic proportions, as the film's cult status and legend grows. Since its publication, "Throat Sprockets" has been singled out as one of the outstanding works of contemporary horror fiction by two important reference

title: Throat Sprockets

text: Throat Sprockets Throat Sprockets is an erotic horror novel by Tim Lucas, published in 1994. It concerns an unnamed protagonist's obsessive quest to learn all he can about a mysterious film called "Throat Sprockets". As fixation on the film consumes his personal life, he develops a sexual fetish for women's throats, an affinity which begins spreading to global and apocalyptic proportions, as the film's cult status and legend grows. Since its publication, "Throat Sprockets" has been singled out as one of the outstanding works of contemporary horror fiction by two important reference books, "Dark Thoughts" by Stanley Wiater and "Horror:

title: Throat culture

text: the throat culture is asked to tilt his or her head back and open his or her mouth. The health professional (usually a physician) will press the tongue down with a tongue depressor and examine the mouth and throat. A clean swab will be rubbed over the back of the throat, around the tonsils, and over any red areas or sores to collect a sample. The sample may also be collected using a throat washout. For this test, the patient will gargle a small amount of salt water and then spit the fluid into a clean cup. This method gives

title: Black Throat

text: start and end of the film. "Black Throat" was recognized as XRCO Best Video of the Year in 1985. In 2005, it was inducted into the XRCO Hall of Fame. Black Throat Black Throat is an interracial pornographic film from 1985. It stars Peter North, Christy Canyon, Sahara, Craig Roberts, Purple Passion, Tony Martino, Kevin James, Erica Boyer, Marc Wallice, Lady Stephanie, and Steve Drake. Jack Baker stars in a non-sex role. It was directed by one-half of the Dark Brothers "purveyors of fine filth" team, Gregory Dark. Traci Lords had the original "starring" credit in "Black Throat", but her

title: Cut throat competition

text: a valid defense in the case of a proven price fixing agreement. Cut throat competition Cut throat competition is a term that was widely used to describe the reason for consumer protection regulation, labour law, and enforcement of competition law or antitrust, in the late 19th and early 20th century. In economics, cut throat competition is also referred to as ruinous, excessive or unfettered competition. More generally, cut throat competition is also subsumed under the term "destructive competition". Many countries have strict legislation against cut throat competition and anti-competitive practices in pricing. According to the Federal Trade Commission, the alleged

title: Cut-throat Records

text: video performances on VHS video cassettes as Planned Anarchy Productions, which are out of print, and have yet to be reissued on DVD. Though it was not explicitly identified as a division of Cut-throat, Nash the Slash created a DVD label called Two Artists for his collaborations with surrealist painter Robert Vanderhorst. Cut-throat Records Cut-throat Records (also known as Cut-throat Productions) is a record label created and run by Canadian musician Nash the Slash. It has been active from 1978 to the present. Cut-throat is also the name of Nash's recording studio, originally located above the Roxy Theatre on Danforth

title: Throat irritation

text: is straight forward and the treatment requires a course of penicillin. However, if the treatment is not adequate, rheumatic fever can occur with resultant damage to the heart valves. When the environment is dry especially in winter, it can create a sensation of dryness and a scratchy feeling in the throat. This is most commonly observed in the morning. Other individuals who also develop throat irritation are those breathing through their mouth because of a congested nose. Environmental pollution is also a common cause of throat irritation. In fact, indoor pollution because of tobacco smoke used to be a common

title: Throat clamp

text: Throat clamp Throat clamp is method of subduing often seen in predatory felids and occasionally canids and hyaenids. It involves the predator grasping the throat of the prey and clamping tight so that the windpipe is either crushed or blocked. Cats use this to kill prey while dogs and hyenas use this to weaken the prey before eating it, generally alive. It's more often used than the muzzle clamp and is generally safer, though slower. It is usually and most effective when positioned as near to the mandible as the carnivore can get. Between the larynx and the jaw, the

title: Deep Throat (film)

text: of "Deep Throat". The making of this film was the subject of the Showtime original series "Deeper Throat". Vivid had planned to release its remake but Arrow Productions, the copyright owner did not like the deviation from the original storyline or the manner in which the film was directed and cast. They then withdrew permission to make the remake to "Deep Throat", and forced Steve Hirsch to remarket and edit his movie for copyright purposes. Hirsch changed the name of the title to "", and it was released in March 2009. Deep Throat (film) Deep Throat is a 1972 American

title: Deep Throat (Watergate)

text: Woodward in 1980 when Fielding was applying for an important position in the Reagan administration. However this assertion, which comes from Fielding, has not been corroborated. One reason that many experts believed that Deep Throat was Fielding and not Felt was due to Woodward's apparent denial in an interview that "Deep Throat" worked in the intelligence community: Any candidate who died before the Felt admission ceased to fit Woodward's criteria at that time, since Woodward had stated that he was free to reveal his identity when "Deep Throat" died. Deep Throat (Watergate) Deep Throat is the pseudonym given to the

title: Throat-1 RNA motif

text: in "trans" as small RNAs. Throat-1 RNA motif The throat-1 RNA motif is a conserved RNA structure that was discovered by bioinformatics. The throat-1 motif has not yet (as of 2018) been found in a classified organism, but rather is known only from metagenomic sequences isolated from the human throat is, more rarely, tongue. Throat-1 RNAs are only known within metagenomic sequences, and these sequences often consist of short contigs that do not permit detailed analysis of nearby protein-coding genes. However, even with this technical limitation, it is apparent that throat-1 RNAs do not have a strong association with neighboring

title: Throat-1 RNA motif

text: Throat-1 RNA motif The throat-1 RNA motif is a conserved RNA structure that was discovered by bioinformatics. The throat-1 motif has not yet (as of 2018) been found in a classified organism, but rather is known only from metagenomic sequences isolated from the human throat is, more rarely, tongue. Throat-1 RNAs are only known within metagenomic sequences, and these sequences often consist of short contigs that do not permit detailed analysis of nearby protein-coding genes. However, even with this technical limitation, it is apparent that throat-1 RNAs do not have a strong association with neighboring genes. Therefore, they likely function

title: Throat microphone

text: required, such as during covert military or law enforcement operations. Throat microphones are also very useful when helmets or respiratory protection is required. Many full-face SCBA, CABA, SAR respirator, PAPR, or re-breather masks do not have a provision for a microphone inside the mask. The throat microphone can be used safely, as it is positioned outside the mask's face seal and as such does not compromise the respiratory protection provided by the mask, nor does it violate mask approvals and certification. In 1934, aviator Wiley Post incorporated earphones and a throat mic into the design of the world's first pressure

title: Throat microphone

text: Throat microphone A throat microphone, also called a laryngophone, is a type of contact microphone that absorbs vibrations directly from the wearer's throat by way of single or dual sensors worn against the neck. The sensors, called transducers, can pick up speech even in extremely noisy or windy environments, such as on a motorcycle or in a nightclub. Other types of microphones do not function well under these conditions because of high levels of background noise. Advanced laryngophones are able to pick up whispers, and therefore perform well in environments where communicating with others at a distance in silence is

title: Cut-throat Records

text: Cut-throat Records Cut-throat Records (also known as Cut-throat Productions) is a record label created and run by Canadian musician Nash the Slash. It has been active from 1978 to the present. Cut-throat is also the name of Nash's recording studio, originally located above the Roxy Theatre on Danforth Avenue in Toronto. Although the label has been used primarily for Nash's own music, it has also issued a single by Toronto new wave group Drastic Measures, and a CD by Nash's group FM. The label's slogan is "Music in a particular vein", possibly a reference to the early Mad Magazine slogan,

title: Throat clamp

text: throat clamp usually only if the prey is small or in shock. A strong, large animal can easily kick and injure the predator from this angle. A social predator can use the standing throat clamp much more easily because there can be other individuals on the back of the prey, stopping it from kicking, which could lead to collapse, or using a throat clamp periodically to tire the animal out. This latter method usually involves large, patient carnivores such as "Canis lupus" or the wolf and "Lyacon pictus" or the African wild dog. They surround the prey in relatively large

title: Throat irritation

text: common causes of the common cold. Less often, bacteria may also cause pharyngitis. Both of these organisms enter the body via the nose or mouth as aerosolized particles when someone sneezes or coughs. Because many germs are contagious, one can even acquire them from touching utensils, toys, personal care products or door knobs. The most common viruses that causes throat irritation include the common cold virus, influenza, infectious mononucleosis, measles and croup. Most bacteria and viruses usually induce throat irritation during the winter or autumn. It is a very serious disorder of the back of the throat near the windpipe.

title: Ruby Throat

text: Ruby Throat Ruby Throat is a British neofolk musical duo formed in 2007 by English vocalist KatieJane Garside and American guitarist Chris Whittingham. The duo came together amidst the dissolution of Garside's former band, Queenadreena, and have recorded three studio albums, beginning with "The Ventriloquist" (2007). In 2014, it was announced that they were working on their fourth release, titled "Baby Darling Taporo", released 9 November 2017 on CD, and digitally on 2 March 2018. Ruby Throat formed in 2007 during the time in which KatieJane Garside's band Queenadreena was in stages of dissolution. Garside met Whittingham, an American from

title: Black Throat

text: Black Throat Black Throat is an interracial pornographic film from 1985. It stars Peter North, Christy Canyon, Sahara, Craig Roberts, Purple Passion, Tony Martino, Kevin James, Erica Boyer, Marc Wallice, Lady Stephanie, and Steve Drake. Jack Baker stars in a non-sex role. It was directed by one-half of the Dark Brothers "purveyors of fine filth" team, Gregory Dark. Traci Lords had the original "starring" credit in "Black Throat", but her two scenes were removed when investigators discovered that she was underage at time of filming. Although, her scenes were removed, her name remains in the theme music used at the

title: Inuit throat singing

text: incorporate throat singing by band member Nancy Mike as a musical and rhythmic element in a conventional folk rock sound and style. Traditional performers include Qaunak Mikkigak, Kathleen Ivaluarjuk Merritt, as well as Alacie Tullaugaq and Lucy Amarualik who perform in the Katajjaq style. In 2014, Nunavik throat singing ("katajjaniq") became the first cultural item to be given the intangible cultural heritage designation by the government of the province of Quebec, Canada. Inuit throat singing Inuit throat singing, or katajjaq, is a form of musical performance uniquely found among the Inuit. (An analogous form called "rekuhkara" was once practiced among

title: Inside Deep Throat

text: Inside Deep Throat Inside Deep Throat is a 2005 American documentary film about the 1972 pornographic film "Deep Throat", at the forefront of the Golden Age of Porn, and its effects on American society. The film discusses how "Deep Throat" was distributed to theaters. Prints would be hand-delivered and employees would count heads of moviegoers and then collect the cash profits from the theaters. This process was known as sending "checkers and sweepers". It features scenes from the film, news of the time and interviews, both from archive and purpose-made, with director Gerard Damiano, actor Harry Reems, actress Linda Lovelace,

title: Vocalzone Throat Pastilles

text: 2017 where she struggled with cold . Other notable users of the product include: Sir Tom Jones, Derek Jacobi, Hilary Duff, Jme, Frank Turner, Cristina Scabbia, Nick Holmes, Jerry Only, The Swingle Singers, Katherine Jenkins, Dionne Warwick, Wendi Peters, Stevie McCrorie, Kelly Jones, Jack Savoretti and Gaz Coombes. In 2017 the company partnered with British music company The Famous Company, and have sponsored stages at several festivals in the United Kingdom. Vocalzone Throat Pastilles Vocalzone Throat Pastilles is a brand of throat pastille, or throat lozenge, used to help with colds as well as public performance and singing. The company

title: Vocalzone Throat Pastilles

text: Vocalzone Throat Pastilles Vocalzone Throat Pastilles is a brand of throat pastille, or throat lozenge, used to help with colds as well as public performance and singing. The company was founded in 1912 by William Lloyd, who adapted a medicine he had created for the tenor Enrico Caruso into a pastille form. After Lloyd’s death in 1948, Vocalzone was sold to Ernest Jackson in 1955 before later being acquired by Kestrel HealthCare Limited (now Kestrel Medical Limited) in 1993. Vocalzone received international attention after being used by Theresa May during her keynote speech to the Conservative party conference in October

title: Throat microphone

text: suit to explore the limits of high-altitude, long-distance flight. During World War II, German Luftwaffe pilots and panzer crews used the first throat microphones. Soon after, they were adopted by the Allied air forces—the USAAF with the T-20 and T-30 and the RAF with the Mark II. Later, Soviet pilots relied on LA-3 and LA-5 models. Starting in the 1970s, researchers explored the use of throat microphones in speech therapy, especially to relieve stuttering. Throat microphones have maintained their presence in the military, law enforcement, and emergency services. Newer single-transducer designs are available that make the throat microphone much more

title: What Is the What

text: What Is the What What Is the What: The Autobiography of Valentino Achak Deng is a 2006 novel written by Dave Eggers. It is based on the life of Valentino Achak Deng, a Sudanese child refugee who immigrated to the United States under the Lost Boys of Sudan program. It was a finalist for the National Book Award. As a boy, Achak is separated from his family during the Second Sudanese Civil War when the Arab militia, referred to as "murahaleen" (which is Arabic for the deported), wipes out his Dinka village, Marial Bai. During the assault, he loses sight

title: What Is the What

text: That Happens Will Happen Today". Tom Tykwer plans to adapt the novel into a film. In 2009, the novel received the Prix Médicis étranger in France. What Is the What What Is the What: The Autobiography of Valentino Achak Deng is a 2006 novel written by Dave Eggers. It is based on the life of Valentino Achak Deng, a Sudanese child refugee who immigrated to the United States under the Lost Boys of Sudan program. It was a finalist for the National Book Award. As a boy, Achak is separated from his family during the Second Sudanese Civil War when

title: Tuvan throat singing

text: was believed a woman performing throat singing could hurt her male relatives and cause her difficulties during childbirth. Choldak-Kara Oyun, the mother of the famous throat singer Soruktu Kyrgys and grandmother of the husband of famous Tuvan actress Kara-Kys Namzatovna Munzuk, throat sang throughout her life while milking her cows, singing lullabies to her children and sometimes while she was drinking Tuvan araga (fermented milk alcohol). Close relatives of famous singers, like Khunashtaar-ool's niece (in the 1960s) and Kombu's daughter (in the 1940s or 1950s), performed khoomei (throat singing) in public more than once. The wife of the throat singing

title: Bone in the Throat

text: a film adaptation of Anthony Bourdain's novel "Bone in the Throat" was being made, to be directed by Graham Henman, who co-wrote the script with Mark Townend. Bourdain is executive producer for the project. Ed Westwick was cast in the lead role on May 6, 2013. Bone in the Throat Bone in the Throat is 2015 a British-American crime drama film, co-written and directed by Graham Henman, starring Ed Westwick, Tom Wilkinson, Andy Nyman, Vanessa Kirby, Rupert Graves, and John Hannah. The film premiered at the South by Southwest Film Festival on March 14, 2015. "Bone in the Throat" is

title: Deep Throat (film)

text: towards Boreman and also hit her on occasion. In the documentary "Inside Deep Throat", it is claimed that bruises are visible on Boreman's body in the movie. These allegations were cited in the UK Government's Rapid Evidence Assessment on "The evidence of harm to adults relating to exposure to extreme pornographic material" as part of its plans to criminalize possession of what it termed "extreme pornography". In various United States communities, the movie was shown to juries to determine whether it was obscene; the outcomes varied widely and the movie was banned in numerous locations. In August 1972, after a

title: Cut-throat finch

text: duller red band. It has an estimated global extent of occurrence of 3,300,000 km². It is found throughout much of Sub-Saharan Africa, particularly in the Sahel, eastern and southern parts of the continent. Cut-throat finches usually use nests constructed by other birds . A clutch usually consists of 4 to 6 white eggs, which hatch after an incubation period of 12 days. Origin and phylogeny has been obtained by Antonio Arnaiz-Villena "et al.". Estrildinae may have originated in India and dispersed thereafter (towards Africa and Pacific Ocean habitats). Its closest relative is the red-headed finch. Cut-throat finch The cut-throat finch