query: What is relative humidity?

title: Relative humidity

text: albeit nonlinearly, with the temperature. This is because the partial pressure of water increases with temperature – the operative principle behind everything from hair dryers to dehumidifiers. Due to the increasing potential for a higher water vapor partial pressure at higher air temperatures, the water content of air at sea level can get as high as 3% by mass at 30 °C (86 °F) compared to no more than about 0.5% by mass at 0 °C (32 °F). This explains the low levels (in the absence of measures to add moisture) of humidity in heated structures during winter, resulting in

title: Relative humidity

text: Relative humidity Relative humidity (RH) is the ratio of the partial pressure of water vapor to the equilibrium vapor pressure of water at a given temperature. Relative humidity depends on temperature and the pressure of the system of interest. The same amount of water vapor results in higher relative humidity in cool air than warm air. A related parameter is that of dewpoint. The relative humidity formula_1 or formula_2 of an air–water mixture is defined as the ratio of the partial pressure of water vapor formula_3 in the mixture to the equilibrium vapor pressure of water formula_4 over a flat

title: Relative humidity

text: surface of pure water at a given temperature: Relative humidity is normally expressed as a percentage; a higher percentage means that the air–water mixture is more humid. At 100% relative humidity, the air is saturated and is at its dewpoint. Climate control refers to the control of temperature and relative humidity in buildings, vehicles and other enclosed spaces for the purpose of providing for human comfort, health and safety, and of meeting environmental requirements of machines, sensitive materials (for example, historic) and technical processes. Along with air temperature, mean radiant temperature, air speed, metabolic rate, and clothing level, relative humidity

title: Relative humidity

text: that relative humidity (RH%) can never be above 100%, while a fairly good guide, is not absolutely accurate, without a more sophisticated definition of humidity than the one given here. Cloud formation, in which aerosol particles are activated to form cloud condensation nuclei, requires the supersaturation of an air parcel to a relative humidity of slightly above 100%. One smaller-scale example is found in the Wilson cloud chamber in nuclear physics experiments, in which a state of supersaturation is induced to accomplish its function. For a given dew point and its corresponding absolute humidity, the relative humidity will change inversely,

title: Relative humidity

text: in temperature than they are to changes in relative humidity. Relative humidity has a small effect on thermal comfort outdoors when air temperatures are low, a slightly more pronounced effect at moderate air temperatures, and a much stronger influence at higher air temperatures. In cold climates, the outdoor temperature causes lower capacity for water vapor to flow about. Thus although it may be snowing and the relative humidity outdoors is high, once that air comes into a building and heats up, its new relative humidity is very low, making the air very dry, which can cause discomfort. Dry cracked skin

title: Relative humidity

text: 0.1 m/s, a change in air temperature and mean radiant temperature from 20 degrees C to 24 degrees C would lower the maximum acceptable relative humidity from 100% to 65% to maintain thermal comfort conditions. The CBE Thermal Comfort Tool can be used to demonstrate the effect of relative humidity for specific thermal comfort conditions and it can be used to demonstrate compliance with ASHRAE Standard 55-2017. When using the adaptive model to predict thermal comfort indoors, relative humidity is not taken into account. Although relative humidity is an important factor for thermal comfort, humans are more sensitive to variations

title: Relative humidity

text: or fog. In hot summer weather, it also increases the apparent temperature to humans (and other animals) by hindering the evaporation of perspiration from the skin as the relative humidity rises. This effect is calculated as the heat index or humidex. A device used to measure humidity is called a hygrometer; one used to regulate it is called a humidistat, or sometimes hygrostat. (These are analogous to a thermometer and thermostat for temperature, respectively.) Relative humidity Relative humidity (RH) is the ratio of the partial pressure of water vapor to the equilibrium vapor pressure of water at a given temperature.

title: Critical relative humidity

text: mixtures of salts at 30°C (values are percent relative humidity). As shown, the effect of salt mixing is most dramatic in the case of ammonium nitrate with urea. This mixture has an extremely low critical relative humidity and can therefore only be used in liquid fertilisers (so called UAN-solutions). Critical relative humidity The critical relative humidity (CRH) of a salt is defined as the relative humidity of the surrounding atmosphere (at a certain temperature) at which the material begins to absorb moisture from the atmosphere and below which it will not absorb atmospheric moisture. When the humidity of the atmosphere

title: Relative humidity

text: some individuals. In the winter, it is advisable to maintain relative humidity at 30% or above. Extremely low (below 20%) relative humidities may also cause eye irritation. For climate control in buildings using HVAC systems, the key is to maintain the relative humidity at a comfortable range—low enough to be comfortable but high enough to avoid problems associated with very dry air. When the temperature is high and the relative humidity is low, evaporation of water is rapid; soil dries, wet clothes hung on a line or rack dry quickly, and perspiration readily evaporates from the skin. Wooden furniture can

title: Relative humidity

text: an ice-cold drink. A useful rule of thumb is that the maximum absolute humidity doubles for every 20 °F or 10 °C increase in temperature. Thus, the relative humidity will drop by a factor of 2 for each 20 °F or 10 °C increase in temperature, assuming conservation of absolute moisture. For example, in the range of normal temperatures, air at 68 °F or 20 °C and 50% relative humidity will become saturated if cooled to 50 °F or 10 °C, its dew point, and 41 °F or 5 °C air at 80% relative humidity warmed to 68 °F or

title: Critical relative humidity

text: Critical relative humidity The critical relative humidity (CRH) of a salt is defined as the relative humidity of the surrounding atmosphere (at a certain temperature) at which the material begins to absorb moisture from the atmosphere and below which it will not absorb atmospheric moisture. When the humidity of the atmosphere is equal to (or is greater than) the critical relative humidity of a sample of salt, the sample will take up water until all of the salt is dissolved to yield a saturated solution. All water-soluble salts and mixtures have characteristic critical humidities; it is a unique material property.

title: Relative humidity

text: shrink, causing the paint that covers these surfaces to fracture. When the temperature is low and the relative humidity is high, evaporation of water is slow. When relative humidity approaches 100 percent, condensation can occur on surfaces, leading to problems with mold, corrosion, decay, and other moisture-related deterioration. Condensation can pose a safety risk as it can promote the growth of mold and wood rot as well as possibly freezing emergency exits shut. Certain production and technical processes and treatments in factories, laboratories, hospitals, and other facilities require specific relative humidity levels to be maintained using humidifiers, dehumidifiers and associated

title: Relative humidity

text: 20 °C will have a relative humidity of only 29% and feel dry. By comparison, thermal comfort standard ASHRAE 55 requires systems designed to control humidity to maintain a dew point of 16.8 °C (62.2 °F) though no lower humidity limit is established. Water vapor is a lighter gas than other gaseous components of air at the same temperature, so humid air will tend to rise by natural convection. This is a mechanism behind thunderstorms and other weather phenomena. Relative humidity is often mentioned in weather forecasts and reports, as it is an indicator of the likelihood of precipitation, dew,

title: Critical relative humidity

text: The critical relative humidity of most salts decreases with increasing temperature. For instance, the critical relative humidity of ammonium nitrate decreases 22% with a temperature from 0°C to 40°C (32°F to 104°F). The critical relative humidity of several fertilizer salts is given in table 1: Table 1: Critical relative humidities of pure salts at 30°C. Mixtures of salts usually have lower critical humidities than either of the constituents. Fertilizers that contain Urea as an ingredient usually exhibit a much lower Critical Relative Humidity than Fertilizers without Urea.Table 2 shows CRH data for two-component mixtures: Table 2: Critical relative humidities of

title: Relative humidity

text: with a low absolute humidity, which is found at airliner cruising altitudes. Subsequent warming of this air lowers its relative humidity. This causes discomfort such as sore eyes, dry skin, and drying out of mucosa, but humidifiers are not employed to raise it to comfortable mid-range levels because the volume of water required to be carried on board can be a significant weight penalty. As airliners descend from colder altitudes into warmer air (perhaps even flying through clouds a few thousand feet above the ground), the ambient relative humidity can increase dramatically. Some of this moist air is usually drawn

title: Relative humidity

text: have a further danger of ice forming inside the carburetor. Aviation weather reports (METARs) therefore include an indication of relative humidity, usually in the form of the dew point. Pilots must take humidity into account when calculating takeoff distances, because high humidity requires longer runways and will decrease climb performance. Density altitude is the altitude relative to the standard atmosphere conditions (International Standard Atmosphere) at which the air density would be equal to the indicated air density at the place of observation, or, in other words, the height when measured in terms of the density of the air rather than

title: Relative humidity

text: (i.e., no matter enters or leaves the system). If the system at State A is isobarically heated (heating with no change in system pressure) then the relative humidity of the system decreases because the equilibrium vapor pressure of water increases with increasing temperature. This is shown in State B. If the system at State A is isothermally compressed (compressed with no change in system temperature) then the relative humidity of the system increases because the partial pressure of water in the system increases with the volume reduction. This is shown in State C. Above 202.64 kPa, the RH would exceed

title: Relative humidity

text: dry skin, itchy eyes, and persistence of static electric charges. Even with saturation (100% relative humidity) outdoors, heating of infiltrated outside air that comes indoors raises its moisture capacity, which lowers relative humidity and increases evaporation rates from moist surfaces indoors (including human bodies and household plants.) Similarly, during summer in humid climates a great deal of liquid water condenses from air cooled in air conditioners. Warmer air is cooled below its dew point, and the excess water vapor condenses. This phenomenon is the same as that which causes water droplets to form on the outside of a cup containing

title: Relative humidity

text: 100% and water may begin to condense. If the pressure of State A was changed by simply adding more dry air, without changing the volume, the relative humidity would not change. Therefore, a change in relative humidity can be explained by a change in system temperature, a change in the volume of the system, or change in both of these system properties. The enhancement factor formula_10 is defined as the ratio of the saturated vapor pressure of water in moist air formula_11 to the saturated vapor pressure of pure water: The enhancement factor is equal to unity for ideal gas

title: Relative humidity

text: control systems. The basic principles for buildings, above, also apply to vehicles. In addition, there may be safety considerations. For instance, high humidity inside a vehicle can lead to problems of condensation, such as misting of windshields and shorting of electrical components. In vehicles and pressure vessels such as pressurized airliners, submersibles and spacecraft, these considerations may be critical to safety, and complex environmental control systems including equipment to maintain pressure are needed. Airliners operate with low internal relative humidity, often under 10%, especially on long flights. The low humidity is a consequence of drawing in the very cold air

title: Relative humidity

text: can result from dry air. Low humidity causes tissue lining nasal passages to dry, crack and become more susceptible to penetration of Rhinovirus cold viruses. Low humidity is a common cause of nosebleeds. The use of a humidifier in homes, especially bedrooms, can help with these symptoms. Indoor relative humidities should be kept above 30% to reduce the likelihood of the occupant's nasal passages drying out. Humans can be comfortable within a wide range of humidities depending on the temperature—from 30% to 70%—but ideally between 50% and 60%. Very low humidity can create discomfort, respiratory problems, and aggravate allergies in

title: Relative humidity

text: plays a role in human thermal comfort. According to ASHRAE Standard 55-2017: Thermal Environmental Conditions for Human Occupancy, indoor thermal comfort can be achieved through the PMV method with relative humidities ranging from 0% to 100%, depending on the levels of the other factors contributing to thermal comfort. However, the recommended range of indoor relative humidity in air conditioned buildings is generally 30-60%. In general, higher temperatures will require lower relative humidities to achieve thermal comfort compared to lower temperatures, with all other factors held constant. For example, with clothing level = 1, Metabolic rate = 1.1, and air speed

title: Relative humidity

text: and formula_9 is the equilibrium vapor pressure expressed in millibars. Buck has reported that the maximal relative error is less than 0.20% between −20 °C and +50 °C when this particular form of the generalized formula is used to estimate the equilibrium vapor pressure of water. The notion of air "holding" water vapor or being "saturated" by it is often mentioned in connection with the concept of relative humidity. This, however, is misleading—the amount of water vapor that enters (or can enter) a given space at a given temperature is almost independent of the amount of air (nitrogen, oxygen, etc.)

title: Relative humidity

text: to an increase of approximately 0.5% over the equilibrium vapor pressure of pure water. The term relative humidity is reserved for systems of water vapor in air. The term "relative saturation" is used to describe the analogous property for systems consisting of a condensable phase other than water in a non-condensable phase other than air. A gas in this context is referred to as saturated when the vapor pressure of water in the air is at the equilibrium vapor pressure for water vapor at the temperature of the gas and water vapor mixture; liquid water (and ice, at the appropriate

title: Relative humidity

text: that is present. Indeed, a vacuum has approximately the same equilibrium capacity to hold water vapor as the same volume filled with air; both are given by the equilibrium vapor pressure of water at the given temperature. There is a very small difference described under "Enhancement factor" below, which can be neglected in many calculations unless high accuracy is required. The relative humidity of an air–water system is dependent not only on the temperature but also on the absolute pressure of the system of interest. This dependence is demonstrated by considering the air–water system shown below. The system is closed

title: Relative humidity

text: into the pressurized aircraft cabin and into other non-pressurized areas of the aircraft and condenses on the cold aircraft skin. Liquid water can usually be seen running along the aircraft skin, both on the inside and outside of the cabin. Because of the drastic changes in relative humidity inside the vehicle, components must be qualified to operate in those environments. The recommended environmental qualifications for most commercial aircraft components is listed in RTCA DO-160. Cold humid air can promote the formation of ice, which is a danger to aircraft as it affects the wing profile and increases weight. Carburetor engines

title: Relative humidity

text: the distance from the ground. "Density Altitude" is the pressure altitude adjusted for non-standard temperature. An increase in temperature, and, to a much lesser degree, humidity, will cause an increase in density altitude. Thus, in hot and humid conditions, the density altitude at a particular location may be significantly higher than the true altitude. A hygrometer is a device used for measuring the humidity of air. The humidity of an air–water vapor mixture is determined through the use of psychrometric charts if both the dry bulb temperature ("T") and the wet bulb temperature ("T") of the mixture are known. These

title: Humidity

text: water per cubic metre of air at 30 °C, but only 8 grams of water per cubic metre of air at 8 °C. Three primary measurements of humidity are widely employed: absolute, relative and specific. Absolute humidity describes the water content of air and is expressed in either grams per cubic metre or grams per kilogram. Relative humidity, expressed as a percentage, indicates a present state of absolute humidity relative to a maximum humidity given the same temperature. Specific humidity is the ratio of water vapor mass to total moist air parcel mass. Humidity plays an important role for surface

title: Humidity

text: pressure of water formula_7 over a flat surface of pure water at a given temperature: Relative humidity is normally expressed as a percentage; a higher percentage means that the air-water mixture is more humid. Relative humidity is an important metric used in weather forecasts and reports, as it is an indicator of the likelihood of precipitation, dew, or fog. In hot summer weather, a rise in relative humidity increases the apparent temperature to humans (and other animals) by hindering the evaporation of perspiration from the skin. For example, according to the Heat Index, a relative humidity of 75% at air

title: Humidity buffering

text: constant relative humidity, between 55-70%. 2. Silica Gel is widely used to buffer relative humidity inside museum display cases, packaged clothing, electronics and anything that might be damaged by condensation, or in the example of museum display cases, being too low an RH (relative humidity) as the silica will help protect the objects displayed from mechanical damage due to shrinking and growing with RH changes. Recently, there has been an interest in the field of building science and architecture in using humidity buffering as a passive indoor climate control, thus reducing the need for air conditioning and ventilation. <br> Humidity

title: Humidity

text: Because humans perceive the rate of heat transfer from the body rather than temperature itself, we feel warmer when the relative humidity is high than when it is low. Some people experience difficulty breathing in humid environments. Some cases may possibly be related to respiratory conditions such as asthma, while others may be the product of anxiety. Sufferers will often hyperventilate in response, causing sensations of numbness, faintness, and loss of concentration, among others. Air conditioning reduces discomfort by reducing not just temperature but humidity as well. Heating cold outdoor air can decrease relative humidity levels indoors to below 30%,

title: Humidity buffering

text: Humidity buffering Humidity buffering refers to the ability of materials to moderate changes in relative humidity by absorbing and desorbing water vapour from surrounding air. This is also referred to as moisture buffering. The phenomenon has long been exploited for preserving items from damage that could be caused by either excessively moist or dry conditions. 1. Cigars are usually kept in a wooden box called a humidor. A pan of water is placed in the humidor so that the wood will absorb water vapor at close to 100% Relative Humidity. It is then used to store the cigars at fairly

title: Humidity indicator card

text: Humidity indicator card A humidity indicator card (HIC) is a card on which a moisture-sensitive chemical is impregnated such that it will change color when the indicated relative humidity is exceeded. This has usually been a blotting paper impregnated with cobalt(II) chloride base; Less toxic alternatives include other chemicals such as Cobalt-free chloride base and special plastic films. Humidity indicators are an inexpensive way to indicate or quantify relative humidity levels inside sealed packaging. They are available in many configurations and used in many applications, especially military and semiconductor. The most common humidity indicator cards change color from blue (less

title: Humidity

text: and North-east Monsoon seasons (respectively, late May to September and November to March), expect heavy rains and a relatively high humidity post-rainfall. Outside the monsoon seasons, humidity is high (in comparison to countries North of the Equator), but completely sunny days abound. In cooler places such as Northern Tasmania, Australia, high humidity is experienced all year due to the ocean between mainland Australia and Tasmania. In the summer the hot dry air is absorbed by this ocean and the temperature rarely climbs above . In the United States the most humid cities, strictly in terms of relative humidity, are Forks

title: Humidity indicator card

text: of humidity indicator (HI) cards in the dry packaging of semiconductors. The methods outlined in the standard are prescribed by JEDEC and IPC to avoid damage—like cracks and delamination—from moisture absorption and exposure to solder reflow temperatures that can result in yield and reliability degradation. The stipulations of J-STD-003B state: The full standard can be downloaded from JEDEC. Maximum Humidity Indicator Cards are specially designed cards that monitor relative humidity levels in cargo applications. Each level of humidity is represented by a blue crystal that dissolves to create a large blue spot that clearly indicates the highest relative humidity level

title: Humidity

text: of water per unit volume as in the equation above is also defined as "volumetric humidity". Because of the potential confusion, British Standard BS 1339 suggests avoiding the term "absolute humidity". Units should always be carefully checked. Many humidity charts are given in g/kg or kg/kg, but any mass units may be used. The field concerned with the study of physical and thermodynamic properties of gas–vapor mixtures is named psychrometrics. The relative humidity formula_4 or formula_5 of an air-water mixture is defined as the ratio of the partial pressure of water vapor formula_6 in the mixture to the equilibrium vapor

title: Humidity

text: measurements to measure relative humidity, frequently with internal conversions to display absolute humidity as well. These are cheap, simple, generally accurate and relatively robust. All humidity sensors face problems in measuring dust-laden gas, such as exhaust streams from dryers. Humidity is also measured on a global scale using remotely placed satellites. These satellites are able to detect the concentration of water in the troposphere at altitudes between 4 and 12 kilometres. Satellites that can measure water vapor have sensors that are sensitive to infrared radiation. Water vapor specifically absorbs and re-radiates radiation in this spectral band. Satellite water vapor imagery

title: Humidity

text: gas law predicted. Conversely, decreasing temperature would also make some water condense, again making the final volume deviate from predicted by the ideal gas law. Therefore, gas volume may alternatively be expressed as the dry volume, excluding the humidity content. This fraction more accurately follows the ideal gas law. On the contrary the saturated volume is the volume a gas mixture would have if humidity was added to it until saturation (or 100% relative humidity). Humid air is less dense than dry air because a molecule of water (M ≈ 18 u) is less massive than either a molecule of

title: Humidity

text: walls due to capillary action of pores found in masonry products. Solutions for energy-efficient buildings that avoid condensation are a current topic of architecture. High humidity can often have a negative effect on the capacity of chemical plants and refineries that use furnaces as part of a certain processes (e.g., steam reforming, wet sulfuric acid processes). For example, because humidity reduces ambient oxygen concentrations (dry air is typically 20.9% oxygen, but at 100% relative humidity the air is 20.4% oxygen), flue gas fans must intake air at a higher rate than would otherwise be required to maintain the same firing

title: Humidity indicator card

text: Admiral Blinn was assigned to Washington, D.C., where he had the use of a research lab. There he developed the concept for the first color change humidity indicator, a simple Go/no go method of monitoring humidity. In the late 1940s, Relative Humidity in the range of 30-35% was the concern because this is when corrosion can begin. For 50 years, industrial and military applications for color change humidity indicators were the primary market for these products. R. Admiral Blinn founded Humidial Corporation in 1948 Acquired by Süd-Chemie, Inc., in 1989 to commercialize humidity indicators, later acquired by Clariant In the

title: Relative humidity

text: systems. However, in real systems the interaction effects between gas molecules result in a small increase of the equilibrium vapor pressure of water in air relative to equilibrium vapor pressure of pure water vapor. Therefore, the enhancement factor is normally slightly greater than unity for real systems. The enhancement factor is commonly used to correct the equilibrium vapor pressure of water vapor when empirical relationships, such as those developed by Wexler, Goff, and Gratch, are used to estimate the properties of psychrometric systems. Buck has reported that, at sea level, the vapor pressure of water in saturated moist air amounts

title: Relative permittivity

text: the precise value of "ε" within the cross-section. This controls the refractive index of the material and therefore also the optical modes of transmission. However, in these cases it is technically the relative permittivity that matters, as they are not operated in the electrostatic limit. The relative permittivity of air changes with temperature, humidity, and barometric pressure. Sensors can be constructed to detect changes in capacitance caused by changes in the relative permittivity. Most of this change is due to effects of temperature and humidity as the barometric pressure is fairly stable. Using the capacitance change, along with the measured

title: Humidity

text: points in the 80s degrees F in Iran and Saudi Arabia and have been interpolated from satellite readings of surface temperature in the Lut and Gobi deserts in excess of whereas heat indices dip below the actual air temperature in extremely dry air. Given the extreme lack of moisture reaching the area, as well as low temperatures, the lowest dewpoints as well as absolute and specific humidity, as well as instances of virtually 0% relative humidity or at least too small a fraction of a percent to calculate are found in Antarctica in places such as the South Pole and

title: Humidity indicator card

text: Packing, Shipping and Use of Moisture/Reflow Sensitive Surface Mount Devices” J-STD-033B, sets forth the use and testing of humidity indicator cards in the dry packaging of semiconductors. HICs are used to ensure that the humidity within dry packed barrier bags remains at safe levels for surface mount devices. In the past, HICs for the semiconductor industry have indicated relative humidity (RH) levels of 5, 10 and 15 percent. However, JEDEC and IPC released JSTD-033B in 2005, which requires the use of an HIC that indicates RH levels of 5, 10 and 60 percent. The standard includes the use and testing

title: Relative permittivity

text: temperature, the relative humidity can be obtained using engineering formulas. The relative static permittivity of a solvent is a relative measure of its chemical polarity. For example, water is very polar, and has a relative static permittivity of 80.10 at 20 °C while "n"-hexane is non-polar, and has a relative static permittivity of 1.89 at 20 °C. This information is important when designing separation, sample preparation and chromatography techniques in analytical chemistry. The correlation should, however, be treated with caution. For instance, dichloromethane has a value of ε of 9.08 (20 °C) and is rather poorly soluble in water (13g/L

title: Humidity

text: decades. Without other greenhouse gases, Earth's blackbody temperature, below the freezing point of water, would cause water vapor to be removed from the atmosphere. Water vapor is thus a "slave" to the non-condensible greenhouse gases. Humidity depends on water vaporization and condensation, which, in turn, mainly depends on temperature. Therefore, when applying more pressure to a gas saturated with water, all components will initially decrease in volume approximately according to the ideal gas law. However, some of the water will condense until returning to almost the same humidity as before, giving the resulting total volume deviating from what the ideal

title: Humidity

text: state devices, resulting in irreversible damage. Data centers often monitor relative humidity levels for these reasons. Common construction methods often produce building enclosures with a poor thermal boundary, requiring an insulation and air barrier system designed to retain indoor environmental conditions while resisting external environmental conditions. The energy-efficient, heavily sealed architecture introduced in the 20th century also sealed off the movement of moisture, and this has resulted in a secondary problem of condensation forming in and around walls, which encourages the development of mold and mildew. Additionally, buildings with foundations not properly sealed will allow water to flow through the

title: Humidity

text: heat wave disaster which was characterised by a very strong temperature inversion which caused cloudless skies during this in spite of an apparent world record surface-based CAPE set at the same time. Dew points of 95 degrees are found on the Red Sea coast of Saudi Arabia at certain times. One 2003 report of a temperature of with the same dewpoint and therefore 100% relative humidity and zero visibility in fog, along with the highest directly measured heat index of was received from Dhahran, Saudi Arabia; higher heat indices may or may not have resulted from higher temperatures with dew

title: Humidity

text: and Olympia, Washington. Because high dew points play a more significant role than relative humidity in discomfort, the air in these western cities usually does not feel "humid". In general, dew points are much lower in the Western U.S. than those in the Eastern U.S. The highest dew points consistently found in the US are found in coastal Florida and Texas. When comparing Key West and Houston, two of the most humid cities from those states, coastal Florida seems to have the higher dew points on average. However, Houston lacks the coastal breeze present in Key West, and, as a

title: Humidity

text: rate . High humidity in the oven, represented by an elevated wet-bulb temperature, increases the thermal conductivity of the air around the baked item, leading to a quicker baking process or even burning. Conversely, low humidity slows the baking process down. Humidity Humidity is the amount of water vapour present in air. Water vapour, the gaseous state of water, is generally invisible to the human eye. Humidity indicates the likelihood for precipitation, dew, or fog to be present. The amount of water vapour needed to achieve saturation increases as the temperature increases. As the temperature of a parcel of air

title: Humidity

text: life. For animal life dependent on perspiration (sweating) to regulate internal body temperature, high humidity impairs heat exchange efficiency by reducing the rate of moisture evaporation from skin surfaces. This effect can be calculated using a heat index table, also known as a humidex. Absolute humidity is the total mass of water vapor present in a given volume or mass of air. It does not take temperature into consideration. Absolute humidity in the atmosphere ranges from near zero to roughly 30 grams per cubic metre when the air is saturated at 30 °C (86 °F). Absolute humidity is the mass

title: Humidity

text: leading to ailments such as dry skin, cracked lips, dry eyes and excessive thirst. Higher humidity reduces the infectivity of aerosolized influenza virus. Electronic devices are often rated to operate only under specific humidity conditions (e.g., 5% to 45%). At the top end of the range, moisture may increase the conductivity of permeable insulators leading to malfunction. Too low humidity may make materials brittle. A particular danger to electronic items, regardless of the stated operating humidity range, is condensation. When an electronic item is moved from a cold place (e.g. garage, car, shed, an air conditioned space in the tropics)

title: Humidity

text: of the water vapor formula_1, divided by the volume of the air and water vapor mixture formula_2, which can be expressed as: The absolute humidity changes as air temperature or pressure changes, if the volume is not fixed. This makes it unsuitable for chemical engineering calculations, e.g. in drying, where temperature can vary considerably. As a result, absolute humidity in chemical engineering may refer to mass of water vapor per unit mass of dry air, also known as the "humidity ratio" or "mass mixing ratio" (see "specific humidity" below), which is better suited for heat and mass balance calculations. Mass

title: Relative pronoun

text: thing that annoyed me was the fact of the train's being late). In a free relative clause, a relative pronoun has no antecedent: the relative clause itself plays the role of the co-referring element in the main clause. For example, in "I like what you did", "what" is a relative pronoun, but without an antecedent. The clause "what you did" itself plays the role of a nominal (the object of "like") in the main clause. A relative pronoun used this way is sometimes called a fused relative pronoun, since the antecedent appears fused into the pronoun ("what" in this example

title: Humidity

text: will eventually reach the point of saturation without adding or losing water mass. A device used to measure humidity is called a psychrometer or hygrometer. A humidistat is a humidity-triggered switch, often used to control a dehumidifier. There are various devices used to measure and regulate humidity. Calibration standards for the most accurate measurement include the gravimetric hygrometer, chilled mirror hygrometer, and electrolytic hygrometer. The gravimetric method, while the most accurate, is very cumbersome. For fast and very accurate measurement the chilled mirror method is effective. For process on-line measurements, the most commonly used sensors nowadays are based on capacitance

title: Humidity

text: wrote about it in his book "Opticks". Humidity is one of the fundamental abiotic factors that defines any habitat, and is a determinant of which animals and plants can thrive in a given environment. The human body dissipates heat through perspiration and its evaporation. Heat convection, to the surrounding air, and thermal radiation are the primary modes of heat transport from the body. Under conditions of high humidity, the rate of evaporation of sweat from the skin decreases. Also, if the atmosphere is as warm as or warmer than the skin during times of high humidity, blood brought to the

title: Humidity indicator card

text: that has been reached. Maximum Humidity Indicator Cards are irreversible, thus indicating the highest level of humidity experienced by cargo during its voyage, regardless of current (potentially lower) humidity levels. Maximum Humidity Indicator Cards provide a clear, unmistakable means of determining if goods have been exposed to damaging humidity levels during their journey. If the card indicates high levels of humidity, users know to check their products for possible damage or modify their packaging regimen accordingly. Several technologies are available. Humidity indicator card A humidity indicator card (HIC) is a card on which a moisture-sensitive chemical is impregnated such that

title: Humidity

text: plays an important role in monitoring climate conditions (like the formation of thunderstorms) and in the development of weather forecasts. While humidity itself is a climate variable, it also overpowers other climate variables. The humidity is affected by winds and by rainfall. The most humid cities on earth are generally located closer to the equator, near coastal regions. Cities in South and Southeast Asia are among the most humid. Kuala Lumpur, Manila, Jakarta, and Singapore have very high humidity all year round because of their proximity to water bodies and the equator and often overcast weather. Some places experience extreme

title: Humidity

text: Humidity Humidity is the amount of water vapour present in air. Water vapour, the gaseous state of water, is generally invisible to the human eye. Humidity indicates the likelihood for precipitation, dew, or fog to be present. The amount of water vapour needed to achieve saturation increases as the temperature increases. As the temperature of a parcel of air decreases it will eventually reach the saturation point without adding or losing water mass. The amount of water vapour contained within a parcel of air can vary significantly. For example, a parcel of air near saturation may contain 28 grams of

title: Relative deprivation

text: theory, a belief that people join social movement based on their evaluations of what they think they should have compared with what others have. On the contrary, absolute deprivation is people's actual negative condition; relative deprivation is what people think they should have relative to what others have, or even compared with their own past or perceived future. Improved conditions fuel human desires for even better conditions, and thus can spark revolutions. Feelings of deprivation are relative, as they come from a comparison to social norms that are not absolute and usually differ from time and place. This differentiates relative

title: Relative clause

text: matrix clause, but the direct object of the relative clause. A free relative clause, on the other hand, does not have an explicit antecedent external to itself. Instead, the relative clause itself takes the place of an argument in the matrix clause. For example, in the English sentence "I like what I see", the clause "what I see" is a free relative clause, because it has no antecedent, but itself serves as the object of the verb "like" in the main clause. (An alternative analysis is that the free relative clause has zero as its antecedent.) Bound relative clauses may

title: English relative clauses

text: to an external antecedentand modifying it as an external noun phraseis "fused" with it; and thus a nominal function is "fused" into the resultant 'construction'. For example: Here ""What he did"" has the same sense as ""that which he did"," or ""the thing that he did"". Thus the noun phrase "the thing" and the relative pronoun "that" are 'fused' into "what"; and the resulting relative construction ""What he did"" functions as the subject of the verb "was." Free relative constructions are inherently restrictive. English has a number of "fusible" relative pronouns that initiate relative constructions, including "what", "whatever" and "whoever".

title: Humidity

text: temperature of 80.0 °F (26.7 °C) would feel like 83.6 °F ±1.3 °F (28.7 °C ±0.7 °C). "Specific humidity" (or moisture content) is the ratio of the mass of water vapor to the total mass of the moist air parcel. Specific humidity is approximately equal to the mixing ratio, which is defined as the ratio of the mass of water vapor in an air parcel to the mass of "dry" air for the same parcel. As temperature decreases, the amount of water vapor needed to reach saturation also decreases. As the temperature of a parcel of air becomes lower it

title: Modified atmosphere/modified humidity packaging

text: radishes). The delay of ripening and senescence of fruits and vegetables also reduces their susceptibility to pathogens.” Maintaining high relative humidity (RH) in modified atmosphere packaging is important because it “results in reduced transpiration of water from the produce, thereby reducing wilting, shriveling, and loss of firmness. The accumulation of vapor in the packaging depends on the rate of water loss from the product, its surface area, the water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) of the film, and the external environment temperature.” “The RH in most sealed packaging is near the saturation level. Therefore, even very small fluctuations in temperature during

title: Humidity

text: the Russian Vostok scientific station. The US city with the lowest annual humidity is Las Vegas, Nevada, averaging 39% for a high and 21% as a low. The lowest recorded, and a record for North America, was set in April 2016 and given as 1 per cent and was in fact a fraction of that in a case of a temperature of with a dew point of . Humidity affects the energy budget and thereby influences temperatures in two major ways. First, water vapor in the atmosphere contains "latent" energy. During transpiration or evaporation, this latent heat is removed from

title: Relative deprivation

text: Relative deprivation Relative deprivation is the differences between what groups have and what they think they are entitled to have "Poverty in the United Kingdom : A Survey of household resources and standards of living", Penguin Books, 1979, ,</ref> Measuring relative deprivation allows an objective comparison between the situation of the individual or group compared to the rest of society. Relative deprivation may also emphasise the individual experience of discontent when being deprived of something to which one believes oneself to be entitled, however emphasizing the perspective of the individual makes objective measurement problematic. It is a term used in

title: What Is History?

text: sometimes been made to treat history as a branch of sociology." About the rise of social history as a subject at the expense of political history, Carr wrote:"Social history is the bedrock. To study the bedrock alone is not enough; and becomes tedious; perhaps this is what happened to Annales. But you can't dispense with it". Through Carr himself had insisted that history was a social science, he regretted the decline of history as a discipline relative to the other social sciences, which he saw as a part of a conservative trend. Carr wrote: "History is preoccupied with fundamental processes

title: Relative humidity

text: quantities are readily estimated by using a sling psychrometer. There are several empirical formulas that can be used to estimate the equilibrium vapor pressure of water vapor as a function of temperature. The Antoine equation is among the least complex of these, having only three parameters ("A", "B", and "C"). Other formulas, such as the Goff–Gratch equation and the Magnus–Tetens approximation, are more complicated but yield better accuracy. The Arden Buck equation is commonly encountered in the literature regarding this topic: where formula_7 is the dry-bulb temperature expressed in degrees Celsius (°C), formula_8 is the absolute pressure expressed in millibars,

title: Relative clause

text: seen" = This is what they saw". In Mandarin Chinese, the relative clause is similar to other adjectival phrases in that it precedes the noun that it modifies, and ends with the relative particle "de". If the relative clause is missing a subject but contains an object (in other words, if the verb is transitive), the main-clause noun is the implied subject of the relative clause: If the object but not the subject is missing from the relative clause, the main-clause noun is the implied object of the relative clause: If both the subject and the object are missing from

title: Relative humidity

text: temperature) will fail to lose mass through evaporation when exposed to saturated air. It may also correspond to the possibility of dew or fog forming, within a space that lacks temperature differences among its portions, for instance in response to decreasing temperature. Fog consists of very minute droplets of liquid, primarily held aloft by isostatic motion (in other words, the droplets fall through the air at terminal velocity, but as they are very small, this terminal velocity is very small too, so it doesn't look to us like they are falling, and they seem to be held aloft). The statement

title: Microwave humidity sounder

text: Microwave humidity sounder The Microwave Humidity Sounder (MHS) is a five-channel passive microwave radiometer, with channels from 89 to 190 GHz. It is very similar in design to the AMSU-B instrument, but some channel frequencies have been altered. It is used to study profiles of atmospheric water vapor and provide improved input data to the cloud-clearing algorithms in IR/MW sounder suites. Instruments were launched on NOAA's POES satellite series starting with NOAA-18 launched in May 2005 and the European Space Agency's MetOp series starting with MetOp-A launched in October 2006, continuing with MetOp-B launched in September 2012. The Microwave Humidity

title: Relative clause

text: using gapping in conjunction with an indeclinable complementizer). This is in fact a type of gapped relative clause, but is distinguished by the fact that the role of the shared noun in the embedded clause is indicated indirectly by the case marking of the marker (the relative pronoun) used to join the main and embedded clauses. All languages which use relative pronouns have them in clause-initial position: though one could conceivably imagine a clause-final relative pronoun analogous to an adverbial subordinator in that position, they are unknown. Note that some languages have what are described as "relative pronouns" (in that

title: English relative clauses

text: as "what" ("I like what you've done"), and "who" and "whoever". The basic grammatical rules for the formation of relative clauses in English are given here. More details can be found in the sections below, and in the article on "who". The words used as relative pronouns have other uses in English grammar: "that" can be a demonstrative or a conjunction, while "which", "what", "who", "whom" and "whose" can be interrogatives. For other uses of "whoever" etc., see "-ever". The choice of relative pronoun typically depends on whether the antecedent is human or a thing (that is, a non-human): for

title: Relative direction

text: Relative direction The most common relative directions are left, right, forward(s), backward(s), up, and down. No absolute direction corresponds to any of the relative directions. This is a consequence of the translational invariance of the laws of physics: nature, loosely speaking, behaves the same no matter what direction one moves. As demonstrated by the Michelson-Morley null result, there is no absolute inertial frame of reference. There are definite relationships between the relative directions, however. Left and right, forward and backward, and up and down are three pairs of complementary directions, each pair orthogonal to both of the others. Relative directions

title: Humidity (album)

text: compilation "DeepNet". Track four of disc one and track five of disc three were co-composed with Brian “Lustmord” Williams and were originally released on Rich and Lustmord's 1995 collaboration "Stalker". Track two of disc three was originally composed for Rich's 1994 collaboration with Lisa Moskow, "Yearning". Track four of disc three is a reworking of Rich's 1994 release "Night Sky Replies". All other material on this album was improvised. Humidity (album) Humidity (2000) is an album by the American ambient musician Robert Rich. It is a three disc set of live material recorded in 1998. Disc one was recorded on

title: Humidity indicator card

text: the use of humidity indicator card that would indicate as low as 10%. Adherence to proper storage and handling methods immediately reduced the number of failures in the semiconductors, but over the years it became apparent that even humidity levels under 10% were detrimental to the devices. Once again, the Joint Electron Device Engineering Council (JEDEC), now the standards body for semiconductor packaging, went to the descendants of R. Admiral Blinn to determine the feasibility of making a 5% color change humidity indicator. In April 1999, J-STD-033 was released with a 5, 10, 15% color change indicator card specified. Humidity

title: Humidity

text: registered a dew point of 90 degrees F on 13 July 1995 at 17.00 local time (UTC -5.00) with an air temperature of resulting in a heat index of degrees; the dew point record and ostensibly the simultaneous possible heat index (for western hemisphere), specific humidity and absolute humidity world records have apparently held and in fact the highest dew point measured in the country bounced amongst or was tied by locations in Wisconsin, Minnesota, and Iowa during the preceding 90 years or more with locations in northern Illinois also coming close. The record was set during the 1995 Midwest

title: Humidity (album)

text: Humidity (album) Humidity (2000) is an album by the American ambient musician Robert Rich. It is a three disc set of live material recorded in 1998. Disc one was recorded on April 2, 1998 at Stanford University’s KZSU radio station as part of their annual Day of Noise event. Disc two was recorded on May 9, 1998 at the Beyond Music Sound Festival in Venice, California. Disc three was recorded on May 10, 1998 during an in-store concert at the Moby Disc in Pasadena, California. The composition for track two of disc one was originally released on the 1993 multi-artist

title: English relative clauses

text: is omitted and implied, as in ("The film I needed is not obtainable"). There are some grammatical differences between "that" and the (other) relative pronouns: "that" is limited to restrictive relative clauses, and it cannot be preceded with a preposition. There are also similarities between the (purported) relative pronoun "that" and the ordinary conjunction "that": the weak pronunciation is (almost invariably) used in both cases, and both of them are frequently omitted as implied. English allows what is called a "free", "fused" or "nominal" relative construction. This kind of relative construction consists of a relative clause that instead of attaching

title: English relative clauses

text: But these pronouns introduce other clauses as well; "what" can introduce interrogative content clauses ("I do not know what he did") and both "whatever" and "whoever" can introduce adverbials ("Whatever he did, he does not deserve this"). See "-ever". Some nonfinite clauses, including infinitive and participial clauses, may also function as relative clauses. These include: For further examples see . Some adverbial clauses can function as relative clauses, including: English relative clauses Relative clauses in the English language are formed principally by means of relative pronouns. The basic relative pronouns are "who", "which", and "that"; "who" also has the derived

title: Relative clause

text: but the case from their function in their own clause. The relative pronoun "dem" is neuter singular to agree with "Haus", but dative because it follows a preposition in its own clause. On the same basis, it would be possible to substitute the pronoun "welchem". However, German uses the uninflecting "was" ('what') as a relative pronoun when the antecedent is "alles", "etwas" or "nichts" ('everything', 'something', 'nothing'.). In German, all relative clauses are marked with commas. Alternatively, particularly in formal registers, participles (both active and passive) can be used to embed relative clauses in adjectival phrases: Unlike English, which only

title: Relative clause

text: between relative clauses in Hebrew and those in (for example) English is that in Hebrew, what might be called the "regular" pronoun is not always suppressed in the relative clause. To reuse the prior example: More specifically, if this pronoun is the subject of the relative clause, it is always suppressed. If it is the direct object, then it is usually suppressed, though it is also correct to leave it in. (If it is suppressed, then the special preposition "et", used to mark the direct object, is suppressed as well.) If it is the object of a preposition, it must

title: Relative homology

text: we can use the long exact sequence Using exactness of the sequence we can see that formula_46 contains a loop formula_47 counterclockwise around the origin. Since the cokernel of formula_48 fits into the exact sequence it must be isomorphic to formula_50. One generator for the cokernel is the formula_51-chain formula_52 since its boundary map is Relative homology In algebraic topology, a branch of mathematics, the (singular) homology of a topological space relative to a subspace is a construction in singular homology, for pairs of spaces. The relative homology is useful and important in several ways. Intuitively, it helps determine what

title: Relative deprivation

text: there arise next to the little house a palace, and the little house shrinks to a hut. The little house now makes it clear that its inmate has no social position at all to maintain, or but a very insignificant one; and however high it may shoot up in the course of civilization, if the neighboring palace rises in equal or even in greater measure, the occupant of the relatively little house will always find himself more uncomfortable, more dissatisfied, more cramped within his four walls." Relative deprivation Relative deprivation is the differences between what groups have and what they

title: Relative homology

text: Relative homology In algebraic topology, a branch of mathematics, the (singular) homology of a topological space relative to a subspace is a construction in singular homology, for pairs of spaces. The relative homology is useful and important in several ways. Intuitively, it helps determine what part of an absolute homology group comes from which subspace. Given a subspace formula_1, one may form the short exact sequence where formula_3 denotes the singular chains on the space "X". The boundary map on formula_3 leaves formula_5 invariant and therefore descends to a boundary map formula_6 on the quotient. If we denote this quotient

title: Relative and absolute tense

text: chocolate", Julie's conversion of the present tense "like" into the past "liked" implies a reference to past time relative to the time at which Julie is speaking – the center of deixis is moved from the time of Jane's original utterance to that of Julie's current utterance. As will be seen below, however, this principle does not hold in all languages, and does not always apply even in English. What is normally encompassed by the term "relative tense" is broken down by Bernard Comrie into "strict relative tense" and "absolute-relative tense". Comrie's "strict relative tense" expresses time relative to the

title: Humidity indicator card

text: indicator cards are also present on many small electronic devices, ranging from cellular phones to laptop computers, for the purpose of alerting the manufacturer that the device has been exposed to high levels of moisture. In many cases this voids or changes the terms of warranty coverage for the device. The previous United States Military Specification Mil-I-8835A was the governing specification for a humidity indicator card. The humidity indicator card is also specified for use in J-STD-033, which is the standard for handling, packing, shipping and use of moisture/reflow sensitive surface-mount devices. This is a joint standard developed by the

title: Microwave humidity sounder

text: Sounder was designed and developed by Astrium EU in Portsmouth, UK, under contract to EUMETSAT. Table 1: Radiometric characteristics of the MHS Microwave humidity sounder The Microwave Humidity Sounder (MHS) is a five-channel passive microwave radiometer, with channels from 89 to 190 GHz. It is very similar in design to the AMSU-B instrument, but some channel frequencies have been altered. It is used to study profiles of atmospheric water vapor and provide improved input data to the cloud-clearing algorithms in IR/MW sounder suites. Instruments were launched on NOAA's POES satellite series starting with NOAA-18 launched in May 2005 and the

title: Present day Mars habitability analogue environments on Earth

text: drier than the Yungay area. It was found through a systematic search for drier regions than Yungay in the Atacama desert, using relative humidity data loggers set up from 2008 to 2012, with the results published in 2015. The relative humidity is the same as the lowest relative humidity measured by Curiosity. A 2015 paper reported an average atmospheric relative humidity 17.3%, and soils relative humidity a constant 14% at depth of 1 meter, which corresponds to the lowest humidity measured by Curiosity on Mars. This region's maximum atmospheric relative humidity is 54.7% compared with 86.8% for the Yungay region.

text: response to levels of , and humidity, and product weight. Hence, film packaging that is adequate for consumer packages in not always suitable for bulk packaging and vice versa.” Modified atmosphere/modified humidity packaging Modified atmosphere/modified humidity (MA/MH) packaging is a technology used to preserve the quality of fresh produce so that it can be sold to markets far away from where it is grown, extend the marketing period, and to help suppliers reduce food waste within the cold chain. Commercial examples of MA/MH include sea freight of Galia and cantaloupe melons from Central and South America to Europe (a 21-day

title: Relative deprivation

text: sociologists, have cited 'relative deprivation' (especially temporal relative deprivation) as a potential cause of social movements and deviance, leading in extreme situations to political violence such as rioting, terrorism, civil wars and other instances of social deviance such as crime. For example, some scholars of social movements explain their rise by citing grievances of people who feel deprived of what they perceive as values to which they are entitled. Similarly, individuals engage in deviant behaviors when their means do not match their goals. Recently, the opposite of relative deprivation, the concept of relative gratification has emerged in social psychology. American

title: Humidity indicator card

text: Joint Electron Device Engineering Council and IPC and is used in semiconductor packaging. Several cobalt-free systems have been developed. Cobalt-free brown to azure (copper(II) chloride base) HICs can be found on the market. In 1998, the European Community (EC) issued a directive which classifies items containing cobalt(II) chloride of 0.01 to 1% w/w as T (Toxic), with the corresponding R phrase of R49 (may cause cancer if inhaled). As a consequence, new cobalt-free humidity indicator cards have been developed by some companies. Although the EC issued this directive, it did not ban humidity indicators that contain cobalt(II) chloride. The only

title: Reduced relative clause

text: Reduced relative clauses are given to ambiguity or garden path effects, and have been a common topic of psycholinguistic study, especially in the field of sentence processing. Regular relative clauses are a class of dependent clause (or "subordinate clause") that usually modify a noun. They are typically introduced by one of the relative pronouns "who", "whom", "whose", "what", or "which"and, in English, by the word "that", which may be analyzed either as a relative pronoun or as a relativizer (complementizer); see That a relativizer. Reduced relative clauses have no such relative pronoun or complementizer introducing them. The example below contrasts

title: What Is the What

text: What Is the What What Is the What: The Autobiography of Valentino Achak Deng is a 2006 novel written by Dave Eggers. It is based on the life of Valentino Achak Deng, a Sudanese child refugee who immigrated to the United States under the Lost Boys of Sudan program. It was a finalist for the National Book Award. As a boy, Achak is separated from his family during the Second Sudanese Civil War when the Arab militia, referred to as "murahaleen" (which is Arabic for the deported), wipes out his Dinka village, Marial Bai. During the assault, he loses sight

title: Relative change and difference

text: relationship of the value with respect to the reference value (that is, larger or smaller) does not matter in a particular application, the absolute difference may be used in place of the actual change in the above formula to produce a value for the relative change which is always non-negative. Defining relative difference is not as easy as defining relative change since there is no "correct" value to scale the absolute difference with. As a result, there are many options for how to define relative difference and which one is used depends on what the comparison is being used for.

title: What Is the What

text: That Happens Will Happen Today". Tom Tykwer plans to adapt the novel into a film. In 2009, the novel received the Prix Médicis étranger in France. What Is the What What Is the What: The Autobiography of Valentino Achak Deng is a 2006 novel written by Dave Eggers. It is based on the life of Valentino Achak Deng, a Sudanese child refugee who immigrated to the United States under the Lost Boys of Sudan program. It was a finalist for the National Book Award. As a boy, Achak is separated from his family during the Second Sudanese Civil War when

title: Relative survival

text: to relative survival, just as hazard rates are related to overall survival. Relative survival is typically used in the analysis of cancer registry data. Cause-specific survival estimation using the coding of death certificates has considerable inaccuracy and inconsistency and does not permit the comparison of rates across registries. The diagnosis of cause-of-death is varied between practitioners. How does one code for a patient who dies of heart failure after receiving a chemotherapeutic agent with known deleterious cardiac side-effects? In essence, what really matters is not why the population dies but if the rate of death is higher than that of

title: Humidity

text: and usually with a small droplet symbol, that they cannot be used until the risk from condensation has passed. In situations where time is critical, increasing air flow through the device's internals, such as removing the side panel from a PC case and directing a fan to blow into the case, will reduce significantly the time needed to acclimatise to the new environment. In contrast, a very low humidity level favors the build-up of static electricity, which may result in spontaneous shutdown of computers when discharges occur. Apart from spurious erratic function, electrostatic discharges can cause dielectric breakdown in solid

title: Relative Insight

text: Relative Insight Relative Insight is a technology and analytics firm founded in 2012 with offices in London and Lancaster. The firm uses technology originally created for crime detection to help brands interact with their audiences. Using comparative language algorithms, the technology platform compares language sets to detect linguistic and attitudinal differences between consumers and brands, and language differences over time. It detects statistically significant differences in words, topics, style and grammar to help brands determine how to interact with consumers and in what context. Clients are a mixture of brands as well as creative and media agencies including R/GA, Disney,

title: Humidity indicator card

text: than indicated RH level) to pink (greater than indicated RH level). The need for an easily read humidity indicator that could not be damaged by vibration was identified during World War II. Rear Admiral Welford C. Blinn, at that time the Commander of the USS Pope, became concerned about the poor condition of the weapons and ammunition arriving in the Pacific Theater. High humidity in the South Pacific, coupled with poor packaging methods, was causing corrosion and moisture damage. A significant amount of ordnance was arriving in an unstable, and sometimes dangerous, condition. Following the end of the war Rear