query: Who invented paper?

title: Chinese paper folding

text: Chinese paper folding Chinese paper folding, or zhezhi (), is the art of paper folding that originated in medieval China. The work of 20th century Japanese paper artist Akira Yoshizawa widely popularized the Japanese word "origami"; however, in China and other Chinese-speaking areas, the art is referred to by the Chinese name, "zhezhi". Traditional Chinese paper folding concentrates mainly on objects like boats or hats rather than the animals and flowers of Japanese origami. A recent innovation is from the Golden Venture migrants where large representational objects are made from modular forms. Paper was first invented by Cai Lun during

title: Chinese paper cutting

text: Chinese paper cutting The art of paper cutting ("jiǎnzhǐ" 剪纸) in China may date back to the second century a.c., since paper was invented by Cai Lun in the Eastern Han Dynasty in China. As paper became more affordable, paper-cutting became one of the most important types of Chinese folk art. Later, this art form spread to other parts of the world, with different regions adopting their own cultural styles. Because the cut-outs are often used to decorate doors and windows, they are sometimes referred to as chuāng huā (窗花), window flowers or window paper-cuts. People glued the papercuts to

title: The Man Who Invented Christmas (film)

text: with an average rating of 6.3/10. The website's critical consensus reads, ""The Man Who Invented Christmas" adds holiday magic to the writing of "A Christmas Carol", putting a sweetly revisionist spin on the story behind a classic yuletide tale." On Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating to reviews, the film has a weighted average score 60 out of 100, based 32 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews". The Man Who Invented Christmas (film) The Man Who Invented Christmas is a 2017 biographical drama film directed by Bharat Nalluri and written by Susan Coyne based on the book of the same

title: The Man Who Invented Christmas (film)

text: The Man Who Invented Christmas (film) The Man Who Invented Christmas is a 2017 biographical drama film directed by Bharat Nalluri and written by Susan Coyne based on the book of the same name by Les Standiford. It stars Dan Stevens, Christopher Plummer, and Jonathan Pryce. The plot follows Charles Dickens (Stevens) at the time when he wrote "A Christmas Carol", and how Dickens' fictional character Ebenezer Scrooge (Plummer) was influenced by his real-life father, John Dickens (Pryce). It was released by Bleecker Street in the United States on 22 November 2017 and in the United Kingdom on 1 December

title: Paper car wheel

text: Paper car wheel Paper car wheels were composite wheels of railway carriages, made from a wrought iron or steel rim bolted to an iron hub with an interlayer of laminated paper. The center was made of compressed paper held between two plate-iron disks. Their ability to damp rail/wheel noise resulted in a quiet and smooth ride for the passengers of North American Pullman dining and sleeping cars. Paper car wheels were invented by the locomotive engineer Richard N. Allen (1827–1890), who set up a company with his brother-in-law in 1867, producing paper from straw. They damped vibrations much better than

title: Graphene oxide paper

text: may be chemically bonded, leading to the development of additional new materials. Like the starting material, graphene oxide paper is an electrical insulator; however, it may be possible to tune this property, making the paper a conductor or semiconductor, without sacrificing its mechanical properties. Detailed studies of graphite oxide paper by V. Kohlschütter and P. Haenni date back to 1918. Studies of graphite oxide membranes were performed by Hanns-Peter Boehm, the German scientist who invented the term "graphene", in 1960. The paper titled "Graphite Oxide and its membrane properties" reported synthesis of "paper-like foils" with 0.05 mm thickness. The membranes

title: Invented (album)

text: during its opening week, and debuted at number five on the "Billboard" Rock Albums chart and number eleven on the "Billboard" 200. All songs written and composed by Jimmy Eat World. The following personnel contributed to "Invented": Invented (album) Invented is the seventh studio album by American rock band Jimmy Eat World, released on September 28, 2010 through Interscope Records. Recorded primarily at the band's home-based studio, the album was co-produced by Mark Trombino, who had previously worked on the band's earlier material; "Static Prevails" (1996), "Clarity" (1999) and "Bleed American" (2001). The album was preceded by the single "My

title: Chinese paper cutting

text: traced as far back as the Warring States period (around 3 BC), long before the paper was invented. At that time, people used other thin materials, like leaves, silver foil, silk and even leather, to carve hollowed patterns. Later, when paper was invented, people realized that this material was easy to cut, store and discard, and paper became the major material for this type of artwork. During the Ming and Qing dynasties (1368–1912), this artistry witnessed its most prosperous period. For over a thousand years, people (mainly women) have been making paper-cuts as part a leisure activity. They created different

title: Paper cup

text: Paper cup A paper cup is a disposable cup made out of paper and often lined or coated with plastic or wax to prevent liquid from leaking out or soaking through the paper. It may be made of recycled paper and is widely used around the world. Paper cups have been documented in imperial China, where paper was invented by 2nd century BC. Paper cups were known as "chih pei" and were used for the serving of tea. They were constructed in different sizes and colors, and were adorned with decorative designs. Textual evidence of paper cups appears in a

title: Paper bag

text: and then closed by stitching, adhesive, or tape. Valve sacks have both ends closed and are filled through a valve. A typical example of a valve bag is the cement sack. Paper bags are readily recyclable. Plastic or water-resistant coatings or layers make recycling more difficult. Paper bag A paper bag is a bag made of paper, usually kraft paper. Paper bags are commonly used as shopping bags, packaging, and sacks. In 1852, Francis Wolle, a schoolteacher, invented the first machine to mass-produce paper bags. Wolle and his brother patented the machine and founded the Union Paper Bag Company. In

title: Paper bag

text: Paper bag A paper bag is a bag made of paper, usually kraft paper. Paper bags are commonly used as shopping bags, packaging, and sacks. In 1852, Francis Wolle, a schoolteacher, invented the first machine to mass-produce paper bags. Wolle and his brother patented the machine and founded the Union Paper Bag Company. In 1871, inventor Margaret E. Knight designed a machine that could create flat-bottomed paper bags, which could carry more than the previous envelope-style design. In 1883, Charles Stilwell patented a machine that made square-bottom paper bags with pleated sides, making them easier to fold and store. This

title: Transfer paper

text: pre- made image from one location to another was to serve as an essential substitute for ink. In 1801, Pellegrino Turri, an Italian inventor, invented carbon paper to provide the ink for his mechanical typing machine, one of the first typewriters." Ralph Wedgwood obtained the first patent for carbon paper in 1806. Wedgwood's technique was then continuously perfected. Transfer paper Transfer paper is used in textiles and arts and crafts projects. Transfer paper is a thin piece of paper coated with wax and pigment. Often, an ink-jet or other printer is used to print the image on the transfer paper.

title: Invented here

text: employees. One quotation that sums up the philosophy of "Invented Here" is "Gee, it can't be worth much if someone local thought of it first." Invented here Invented here is an opposite of "not invented here" and occurs when management of an organisation is uncomfortable with innovation or development conducted in-house. Reasons this might be the case are varied, and range from a lack of confidence in the staff within the organisation to a desire to have a third party to blame in the event that a project fails. One effect of this version of "invented here" is that detailed

title: Invented (album)

text: Invented (album) Invented is the seventh studio album by American rock band Jimmy Eat World, released on September 28, 2010 through Interscope Records. Recorded primarily at the band's home-based studio, the album was co-produced by Mark Trombino, who had previously worked on the band's earlier material; "Static Prevails" (1996), "Clarity" (1999) and "Bleed American" (2001). The album was preceded by the single "My Best Theory", released on digital download on August 10, 2010. Lyrically influenced by the photographic works of Cindy Sherman and Hannah Starkey, vocalist, guitarist and lyricist Jim Adkins states that each song is its own "closed narrative,"

title: Red rosin paper

text: Red rosin paper Red rosin paper (red building paper, brown rosin paper, slip sheet paper, rosin-sized sheathing paper, and building paper) is a 100% recycled heavy duty felt paper used in construction such as underlayment under flooring and siding. The name "rosin-sized sheathing paper", commonly used to describe the material, comes from the rosin used in the paper, the process of sizing it to add the rosin, and its use by builders. "Alum-rosin size was invented by Moritz Friedrich Illig in Germany in 1807..." and is known to have been used as a building paper by 1850. In building construction

title: Perforated paper

text: peak. The invention of new printing processes made the pre-printing of mottoes and bookmarks on the perforated paper possible. These items were extremely popular and original examples, in good condition, can still be found today. The Victorian fad of embroidering mottoes on perforated paper died out around 1910 and was virtually lost as a needleart until recently being rediscovered. Perforated paper as we know it today was invented by Justin Ruble of Pennsylvania. Perforated paper Perforated paper is a craft material of lightweight card with regularly spaced holes in imitation of embroidery canvas. It is also sometimes referred to as

title: Blotting paper

text: made of cotton and manufactured on special paper machines. Blotting paper is reputed to be first referred to in the English language in the 15th century but there is a tradition in Norfolk, England that it was invented by accident at Lyng Mill on the River Wensum. It is reported that a Berkshire (England) paper mill worker failed to add sizing to a batch of paper that was being produced. The batch was discarded. Subsequently, someone tried to write on a piece of this discarded "scrap" paper and found that it rapidly absorbed any ink applied, making it unusable for

title: Toilet paper

text: it completely unravels on the floor, or as a game by children wadding up one end, putting it in the toilet bowl without tearing it and then using the flushing of the toilet to pull new paper into the toilet, with the objective of flushing the entire roll down the toilet section at a time without the toilet paper breaking. Special toilet paper insert holders with an oblong shape were invented to prevent continuous unrolling without tearing to discourage this practice. Toilet paper pranks include musical toilet paper holders and inserts that are activated by the unrolling of the toilet

title: Carbon paper

text: from a hot-melt method to a solvent-applied coating or set of coatings. It was then possible to use polyester or other plastic film as a substrate, instead of paper, although the name remained carbon paper. In 1801 Pellegrino Turri, an Italian inventor, invented carbon paper to provide the ink for his mechanical typing machine, one of the first typewriters. Ralph Wedgwood obtained the first patent for carbon paper in 1806. Carbon paper was the principal medium of reproduction for samizdat, a publication method used in the former Soviet Union in order to publish books without having to use state-controlled printing

title: Xuan paper

text: paper uses is closely related to the geography of Jing County. The bark of "Pteroceltis tatarinowii", a common species of elm in the area, was used as the main material to produce Xuan paper. Rice, along with several other materials, was subsequently added to the recipe in the Song and Yuan Dynasties. Bamboo and mulberry also began to be used to produce xuan paper around that time. The production of Xuan paper can be loosely described as an 18-step process, and a detailed account would involve over a hundred. Some paper makers have invented steps which have been kept secret

title: Paper

text: Baghdad, it was first called "bagdatikos". In the 19th century, industrialization greatly reduced the cost of manufacturing paper. In 1844, the Canadian inventor Charles Fenerty and the German F. G. Keller independently developed processes for pulping wood fibres. Before the industrialisation of paper production the most common fibre source was recycled fibres from used textiles, called rags. The rags were from hemp, linen and cotton. A process for removing printing inks from recycled paper was invented by German jurist Justus Claproth in 1774. Today this method is called deinking. It was not until the introduction of wood pulp in 1843

title: I Invented Sex

text: just the thing to boost the already-substantial sales of Songz' third album." In the song's remix, Songz makes references to Tiger Woods, as he also refers to "going in like a Lil Wayne-Drake song." "DJBooth" said that Songz sings alongside, "Usher, who basically invented the modern sexual r&b blueprint that Songz is following, and Hilson, who more than holds her own alongside the boys with some scintillating vocals and hilarious 'soldier at attention' sexual entendres." The review goes on to state, "These three may not have invented sex, but they sure make listening to music while having sex more enjoyable."

title: Invented here

text: Invented here Invented here is an opposite of "not invented here" and occurs when management of an organisation is uncomfortable with innovation or development conducted in-house. Reasons this might be the case are varied, and range from a lack of confidence in the staff within the organisation to a desire to have a third party to blame in the event that a project fails. One effect of this version of "invented here" is that detailed knowledge of the innovation or development never passes to permanent employees, resulting in recurring additional expenditure and a lack of goodwill and bankable experience by

title: Paper clip

text: yet in Norway. His version was never manufactured and never marketed, because the superior "Gem" was already available. Long after Vaaler's death his countrymen created a national myth based on the false assumption that the paper clip was invented by an unrecognised Norwegian genius. Norwegian dictionaries since the 1950s have mentioned Vaaler as the inventor of the paper clip, and that myth later found its way into international dictionaries and much of the international literature on paper clips. Vaaler probably succeeded in having his design patented abroad, despite the previous existence of more useful paper clips, because patent authorities at

title: Paper machine

text: satisfy the demands of developing modern society for large quantities of a printing and writing substrate. The first modern paper machine was invented in Britain by Henry and Sealy Fourdrinier, and patented in 1806. The same process is used to produce paperboard on a paperboard machine. Paper machines usually have at least five distinct operational sections: There can also be a coating section to modify the surface characteristics with coatings such as china clay. Before the invention of continuous paper making, paper was made in individual sheets by stirring a container of pulp slurry and either pouring it into a

title: Paper tiger

text: Paper tiger "Paper tiger" is a literal English translation of the Chinese phrase zhilaohu (／). The term refers to something that seems threatening but is ineffectual and unable to withstand challenge. The expression became well known in the West as a slogan used by Mao Zedong's Chinese communist state against its opponents, particularly the U.S. government. "Paper tiger" is an ancient phrase used in Chinese culture. It was translated into English in a work by John Francis Davis that was published before 1836. In 1973, Mao Zedong claimed to have invented the English term "paper tiger". Mao Zedong first introduced

title: Hemp paper

text: Before the industrialisation of paper production the most common fibre source was recycled fibres from used textiles, called rags. The rags were from hemp, linen and cotton. A process for removing printing inks from recycled paper was invented by German jurist Justus Claproth in 1774. Today this method is called deinking. It was not until the introduction of wood pulp in 1843 that paper production was not dependent on recycled materials from ragpickers. Currently there is a small niche market for hemp pulp, for example as cigarette paper. Hemp fiber is mixed with fiber from other sources than hemp. In

title: History of paper

text: cotton. A process for removing printing inks from recycled paper was invented by German jurist Justus Claproth in 1774. Today this method is called deinking. It was not until the introduction of wood pulp in 1843 that paper production was not dependent on recycled materials from ragpickers. Although cheaper than vellum, paper remained expensive, at least in book-sized quantities, through the centuries, until the advent of steam-driven paper making machines in the 19th century, which could make paper with fibres from wood pulp. Although older machines predated it, the Fourdrinier papermaking machine became the basis for most modern papermaking. Nicholas

title: History of paper

text: in Baghdad by 793, in Egypt by 900, and in Fes, Morocco around 1100. The laborious process of paper making was refined and machinery was designed for bulk manufacturing of paper. Production began in Baghdad, where a method was invented to make a thicker sheet of paper, which helped transform papermaking from an art into a major industry. The use of water-powered pulp mills for preparing the pulp material used in papermaking, dates back to Samarkand in the 8th century, though this should not be confused with paper mills (see "Paper mills" section below). The Muslims also introduced the use

title: Paper plane

text: do not need a tail primarily because they typically have a large, thin fuselage, which acts to prevent yaw, and wings along the entire length, which prevents pitch.) Independently, Edmond Hui invented a Stealth Bomber-like paper plane called the Paperang in 1977, based on hang glider aerodynamics. Uniquely, it has properly controlled airfoil sections, high-aspect-ratio wings, and a construction method designed to allow the builder to vary every aspect of its shape. It was the subject of a book, "Amazing Paper Airplanes" in 1987, and a number of newspaper articles in 1992. It is ineligible for most paper plane competitions

title: Invented (album)

text: think it's our best work so far. I have little complaints about it." On August 10, 2010, "My Best Theory" was released as a single, and released to radio on August 17. "Invented " was released on September 28 through Interscope Records. Upon release, "Invented" included four individual pictures, designed to look like instant camera photographs, outwith the album's standard CD artwork. "Coffee and Cigarettes" was released to radio on November 23. In May and June 2011, the group went on a headlining tour of the US. Following this, the group appeared at Glastonbury Festival in the UK. "Invented" received

title: Invented (album)

text: swallowed by impactful percussion that are engulfed by storm clouds of dynamic guitar work and melody." Kyle Ryan of "The A.V. Club" was also favorable in his review and gave the album a "B+" grade. He wrote, "songs boast huge-sounding guitars, like “Evidence,” “Invented,” and “My Best Theory,” whose thick fuzz recalls Smashing Pumpkins. But the seven-minute “Invented” spends more time exploring a sparser mood, as does the six-minute-plus closer, “Mixtape”. In the end, Jimmy Eat World strikes a balance between its basics (big guitars and catchy sing-alongs) and the musical growth of the past 16 years. "Invented" is less

title: Paper

text: white paper, but this consumes 5% of the fibres; chemical pulping processes are not used to make paper made from cotton, which is already 90% cellulose. There are three main chemical pulping processes: the sulfite process dates back to the 1840s and it was the dominant method extent before the second world war. The kraft process, invented in the 1870s and first used in the 1890s, is now the most commonly practiced strategy, one of its advantages is the chemical reaction with lignin, that produces heat, which can be used to run a generator. Most pulping operations using the kraft

title: Rock–paper–scissors

text: puits" (stone, paper, scissors, well) is unbalanced; both the stone and scissors fall in the well and lose to it, while paper covers both stone and well. This means two "weapons", well and paper, can defeat two moves, while the other two weapons each defeat only one of the other three choices. The rock has no advantage to well, so optimal strategy is to play each of the other objects (paper, scissors and well) one third of the time. One popular five-weapon expansion is "", invented by Sam Kass and Karen Bryla, which adds "Spock" and "lizard" to the standard

title: Paper clip

text: patented, clips with triangular, star, or round shapes. But the original Gem type has for more than a hundred years proved to be the most practical, and consequently by far the most popular. Its qualities—ease of use, gripping without tearing, and storing without tangling—have been difficult to improve upon. It has been claimed, though apparently without evidence, that Herbert Spencer, the originator of the term "survival of the fittest", invented the paper clip. Spencer claimed in his autobiography to have invented a "binding-pin" that was distributed by Ackermann & Company, and he shows a drawing of the pin in his

title: Graham Paper Company

text: special fine papers. Major clients included national and regional newspaper companies, book publishers, boards of education, and state governments. Graham Paper was founded in 1855 by Henry Brown Graham. A Cincinnati native, Graham moved to St. Louis where he became a pioneering industrialist in printing and paper manufacturing. He is credited with constructing the first paper mills west of the Mississippi River. The company was founded during the beginning stages of the Second Industrial Revolution. In the 1840s, Charles Fenerty in Nova Scotia and Friedrich Gottlob Keller in Saxony, both invented a successful machine which extracted the fibres from wood,

title: History of paper

text: was very costly. Then in the 1830s and 1840s, two men on two different continents took up the challenge, but from a totally new perspective. Both Friedrich Gottlob Keller and Charles Fenerty began experiments with wood but using the same technique used in paper making; instead of pulping rags, they thought about pulping wood. And at about the same time, by mid-1844, they announced their findings. They invented a machine which extracted the fibres from wood (exactly as with rags) and made paper from it. Charles Fenerty also bleached the pulp so that the paper was white. This started a

title: Brown Paper Bag Test

text: nightclubs used the "brown paper bag" principle as a test for entrance. People at these organizations would take a brown paper bag and hold it against a person's skin. If a person was lighter than the bag, he or she was admitted. People whose skin was not lighter than a brown paper bag were denied entry. There is, too, a curious color dynamic that persists in our culture. In fact, New Orleans invented the brown paper bag party — usually at a gathering in a home — where anyone darker than the bag attached to the door was denied entrance.

title: Hotel toilet paper folding

text: Francisco Chronicle" noted the practice as "a fancy touch". One travel writer noted seeing toilet paper folded into flowers and sailboats at hotels in Costa Rica. An automated toilet paper folding machine called "Meruboa" was invented in Japan. With the push of a lever the device folds the first sheet of toilet paper into a triangle. Elaborate wedding dresses have been made from folded toilet paper (also using glue). In a humorous opinion article at the Hotel Online website, Larry Mundy wrote in his "Room With a View" column: "In my experience, there are two basic types of hotels: those

title: Liquid Paper

text: Liquid Paper Liquid Paper is an American brand of the Newell Brands company marketed international that sells correction fluid, correction pens, and correction tape. Mainly used to correct typewriting in the past, correction products now mostly cover handwriting mistakes. In 1956, Bette Nesmith Graham, the mother of The Monkees' Michael Nesmith, invented the first correction fluid in her kitchen. Working as a typist, she used to make many mistakes and always strived for a way to correct them. Starting on a basis of tempera paint she mixed with a common kitchen blender, she called the outcome fluid "Mistake Out" and

title: Not invented here

text: series of projects to update the GNOME desktop in the early 2000s. The similar term "Invented Here, But Let's Reinvent It Anyway" (IHBLRIA) was coined by Alex Papadimoulis in an article for The Daily WTF in 2004. Not invented here Not invented here (NIH) is a stance adopted by social, corporate, or institutional cultures that avoid using or buying already existing products, research, standards, or knowledge because of their external origins and costs, such as royalties. Research illustrates a strong bias against ideas from the outside. The reasons for not wanting to use the work of others are varied, but

title: I Invented Sex

text: Invented Sex" was sung at the 2010 BET Honors on February 1, 2010. He performed the song once again on "106 & Park" on February 11, 2010 for "Love Week" with a medley of "Neighbors Know My Name", and "Say Aah". He again performed it in March 2010 at MTV's Spring Break 2010, in Acapulco, Mexico. Keri Hilson and Usher joined Songz to perform the official remix at WHTA's Jingle Ball in December 2009. Source I Invented Sex "I Invented Sex" is a song by American R&B singer Trey Songz, and features Canadian recording artist Drake. Together, they wrote the

title: I Invented Sex

text: I Invented Sex "I Invented Sex" is a song by American R&B singer Trey Songz, and features Canadian recording artist Drake. Together, they wrote the song alongside Tony Scales and its producer, Los Da Mystro. It was released to urban airplay as the third single from Songz's third studio album "Ready" on October 13, 2009. The song features a sensual message, accompanied by heavy percussion. "I Invented Sex" received positive reviews, and reached number forty-two on the "Billboard" Hot 100, and became Songz's first song to top the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart. Its official remix features fellow R&B singers Keri

title: Invented tradition

text: traditions.' But where does his 'adaptability', or his colleague Ranger's 'flexibility' end, and invention begin? Given that all traditions change, is it possible or useful to attempt to discriminate the 'genuine' antiques from the fakes?" Another also praised the high quality of the articles but had qualifications. "Such distinctions" (between invented and authentic traditions) "resolve themselves ultimately into one between the genuine and the spurious, a distinction that may be untenable because all traditions (like all symbolic phenomena) are humanly created ("spurious") rather than naturally given ("genuine")." Invented tradition The invention of tradition is a concept made prominent in the

title: Invented tradition

text: Invented tradition The invention of tradition is a concept made prominent in the eponymous 1983 book edited by British Marxist intellectual E. J. Hobsbawm and T. O. Ranger. In their Introduction the editors argue that many "traditions" which "appear or claim to be old are often quite recent in origin and sometimes invented." They distinguish the "invention" of traditions in this sense from "starting" or "initiating" a tradition which does not then claim to be old. The phenomenon is particularly clear in the modern development of the nation and of nationalism, creating a national identity promoting national unity, and legitimising

title: Invented (album)

text: slowly uncurl themselves over the course of a few days and before you know it, it feels like Jimmy Eat World never went away." Sputnikmusic staff writer Mike Stagno awarded the album a "great" 3½ out of five grading. He explained that, ""Invented" reins in Jimmy Eat World after "Chase This Light". It still possesses the same inviting, feel-good sentiment, but it's expressed more personably, and in this regard it makes for a very rewarding listen." British rock magazine "Kerrang!" awarded an "excellent" four K! score and opined, ""Invented" is a return to the creative peaks of yore. It's a

title: Invented (album)

text: a bit by the numbers." Jonathan Keefe of "Slant" magazine gave the album two-and-a-half out of five stars and bemoaned its mastering, stating, "Unfortunately, "Invented" is yet another album to have lost the so-called loudness war. Every element of the album, from the lead guitars right down to the female harmony vocals on the title track, is pitched to be as loud as everything else, and the result is suffocating." Ash Dosanjh of "NME" said that the album "certainly doesn't veer very far from their past emotional sensibilities." Released to favourable reviews, "Invented" sold 34,594 units in the United States

title: Paper data storage

text: to represent the music. In the late 1880s Herman Hollerith invented the recording of data on a medium that could then be read by a machine. Prior uses of machine readable media, above, had been for control (automatons, piano rolls, looms, ...), not data. "After some initial trials with paper tape, he settled on punched cards..." Hollerith's method was used in the 1890 census. Hollerith's company eventually became the core of IBM. Other technologies were also developed that allowed machines to work with marks on paper instead of punched holes. This technology was widely used for tabulating votes and grading

title: Toilet paper orientation

text: the South Pole, complaints have been raised over which way to install toilet paper. During the six-month-long polar night, a few dozen residents are stuck living together, and while many of the headaches of modern life are far away, food and hygiene are not. Despite the challenges posed by the hostile Antarctic climate, "It is in the more mundane trials of everyday life that personality clashes are revealed." Some of the proposed solutions to this problem involve more or better technology, while others concentrate on human behavior. The Tilt-A-Roll is a swiveling toilet paper dispenser invented by Curtis Batts in

title: We Invented the Remix

text: album on sale or at a comparable price it's just not a good investment. The only thing P. Diddy "Invented" here was a mediocre album." We Invented the Remix We Invented the Remix is a remix album by P. Diddy and The Bad Boy Family, released on May 14, 2002. It features remixes of hit singles by artists from P. Diddy's Bad Boy Records record label. The album reached number one of the U.S. "Billboard" 200 albums chart for a week and was later certified Platinum for shipments of over one million copies. The album also reached number 17 on

title: Not invented here

text: Not invented here Not invented here (NIH) is a stance adopted by social, corporate, or institutional cultures that avoid using or buying already existing products, research, standards, or knowledge because of their external origins and costs, such as royalties. Research illustrates a strong bias against ideas from the outside. The reasons for not wanting to use the work of others are varied, but some can include a desire to support a local economy instead of paying royalties to a foreign license-holder, fear of patent infringement, lack of understanding of the foreign work, an unwillingness to acknowledge or value the work

title: I Invented Sex

text: it. The video carries a parental advisory warning. A combination video was released for the clips of "I Invented Sex" and "Say Aah", as they were later released separately. Songz confirmed to "MTV News" that the previous would be a continuation of the latter. On the "I Invented Sex" clip, Songz said, "It's very sensual. The idea I had, it came from a banned Calvin Klein ad. It was a dude and two girls and they was touching and kissing. I was like, 'Man, I wanna do that.' We didn't go all the way there. I didn't have two girls

title: I Invented Sex

text: On the week ending November 7, 2009, "I Invented Sex" debuted at number ninety on the "Billboard" Hot 100. The following week, it moved up to eighty, and eventually peaked at forty-two. It spent twenty weeks on the chart over 2009–10 eventually falling off the chart on the week ending March 10, 2010. The song also topped the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs, making it Songz's first number one on the chart. The music video was directed by Yolande Geralds, who also directed the video for "Say Aah". Jessica White appears in the video once again while Drake does not appear in

title: Mummy paper

text: describes the material as cream-coloured linen still bearing fragments of embroidery on the edges. Hunter also writes about and quotes from Deck’s proposal on the importation of mummies. However, Hunter refers to the work as a manuscript, leaving Joseph Dane to dismiss the work off-hand, stating that the work could not be found and implying that Hunter invented it to suit his purpose. This claim of Dane must also be dismissed, since authors both before and since Dane, including Deck’s contemporaries and modern authors, among which are both Wolfe and Baker, have been able to find copies of this paper.

title: Electronic paper

text: rapidly recoil into the reservoir. As reported in the May 2009 Issue of Nature Photonics, the technology can potentially provide >85 % white state reflectance for electronic paper. The core technology was invented at the Novel Devices Laboratory at the University of Cincinnati. The technology is currently being commercialized by Gamma Dynamics. Technology used in electronic visual displays that can create various colors via interference of reflected light. The color is selected with an electrically switched light modulator comprising a microscopic cavity that is switched on and off using driver integrated circuits similar to those used to address liquid crystal

title: We Invented the Remix

text: We Invented the Remix We Invented the Remix is a remix album by P. Diddy and The Bad Boy Family, released on May 14, 2002. It features remixes of hit singles by artists from P. Diddy's Bad Boy Records record label. The album reached number one of the U.S. "Billboard" 200 albums chart for a week and was later certified Platinum for shipments of over one million copies. The album also reached number 17 on the UK Albums Chart. The album featured the hit singles "I Need a Girl (Part 1)", which reached number two in the U.S., and "I

title: Invented tradition

text: the nation-state, national symbols, histories, and the rest." Hobsbawm and Ranger remark on the "curious but understandable paradox: modern nations and all their impedimenta generally claim to be the opposite of novel, namely rooted in remotest antiquity, and the opposite of constructed, namely human communities so 'natural' as to require no definition other than self-assertion." Another implication is that the concept of "authenticity" is also to be questioned. One reviewer noted that the "'invention of tradition' is a splendidly subversive phrase," but it "hides serious ambiguities." Hobsbawm "contrasts invented traditions with what he calls 'the strength and adaptability of genuine

title: Invented tradition

text: certain institutions or cultural practices. The concept and the term have been widely applied to cultural phenomena such as the Bible and Zionism, the martial arts of Japan, the "highland myth" in Scotland, and the traditions of major religions, to mention only a few. The concept was influential on the use of related concepts, such as Benedict Anderson's imagined communities and the pizza effect. One implication of the term is that the sharp distinction between "tradition" and "modernity" is often itself invented. The concept is "highly relevant to that comparatively recent historical innovation, the 'nation,' with its associated phenomena: nationalism,

title: Invented (album)

text: record rich with twinkling sonic subtleties, timeless melodies and characteristically layered, epic tunes." Other reviews were less receptive. In particular Andrew Leahey of Allmusic only awarded the album 2½ stars out of five and critiqued, ""Invented", as tuneful as it may be, still plays an odd role in Jimmy Eat World’s discography, since it can’t quite figure out how to transcend a genre - one that Jimmy Eat World helped invent." "Spin" magazine writer Mikael Wood awarded the album a lukewarm six out of ten and wrote that, "even the amped-up standouts (like "Coffee and Cigarettes") are beginning to feel

title: Invented (album)

text: of distortion." Joshua Khan of "Blare" magazine awarded a positive four stars out of five in his article about the album; ""Invented" proves age is simply a number that doesn’t force a group to falter but instead reinvents nostalgic butterflies and shapes an acoustic ballad destined to be the next stand-in-the-rain love plea." Ben Patashnik of "Rock Sound" awarded the album a score of eight out of ten. He did note the "varnished" production, making it "hard to fall in love with until repeated listens unleash its true charms." However, he also added, "‘Coffee And Cigarettes’ and the title track

title: Invented (album)

text: remarking that, "the album title, "Invented", refers to a song which I feel sums up the mood here, but could also be taken more literally as this album is the deepest into character writing we have tried so far." Jimmy Eat World first announced that they were working on their follow up to "Chase This Light" in June 2008. At around this time, Adkins began "randomly looking at photographs by people like Cindy Sherman and trying to take ten-fifteen minutes and write down everything that came to mind about the image and the character. Later on in the day I

title: Graph paper

text: the lines would intersect. Graph paper Graph paper, coordinate paper, grid paper, or squared paper is writing paper that is printed with fine lines making up a regular grid. The lines are often used as guides for plotting mathematical functions or experimental data and drawing two-dimensional graphs. It is commonly found in mathematics and engineering education settings and in laboratory notebooks. Graph paper is available either as loose leaf paper or bound in notebooks. The first commercially published "coordinate paper" is usually attributed to Dr. Buxton of England, who patented paper, printed with a rectangular coordinate grid, in 1794. A

title: Graph paper

text: Graph paper Graph paper, coordinate paper, grid paper, or squared paper is writing paper that is printed with fine lines making up a regular grid. The lines are often used as guides for plotting mathematical functions or experimental data and drawing two-dimensional graphs. It is commonly found in mathematics and engineering education settings and in laboratory notebooks. Graph paper is available either as loose leaf paper or bound in notebooks. The first commercially published "coordinate paper" is usually attributed to Dr. Buxton of England, who patented paper, printed with a rectangular coordinate grid, in 1794. A century later, E. H.

title: Paper Rosie

text: tavern and is told from the viewpoint of a person there who buys a paper rose from an elderly female vendor. Shortly thereafter, he hears the ringing of church bells and choir voices and realizes a funeral is taking place nearby. When he hears the choir singing "paper Rosie," he realizes that the funeral is for the woman who'd just sold him the rose. The song suggests that it was actually the spirit of the woman who sold him the paper flower. Paper Rosie "Paper Rosie" is a song written and originally recorded by Canadian country music artist Dallas Harms.

title: Paper clothing

text: as hospital gowns, scrubs, and coveralls. The paper dresses of the 1960s also still inspire contemporary fashion designers, including Yeohlee and Vivienne Tam, who have on occasion incorporated paper into their designs. Paper clothing Paper clothing, in the form of women's dresses and other clothes made from disposable cellulose fabric, was a short-lived fashion novelty item in the United States in the 1960s. Individual paper and papier-mâché clothes and accessories (especially masquerade costumes) were used as early as the 19th century. The American Scott Paper Company developed mass-produced paper fashion in 1966 as a marketing stunt. Customers could send a

title: B2FH paper

text: B2FH paper The BFH paper, named after the initials of the authors of the paper, Margaret Burbidge, Geoffrey Burbidge, William A. Fowler, and Fred Hoyle, is a landmark paper on the origin of the chemical elements published in "Reviews of Modern Physics" in 1957. The title of that paper is "Synthesis of the Elements in Stars", but as that paper grew in influence it came to be referred to only as "BFH". The BFH paper spread stellar nucleosynthesis theory widely in the scientific community, especially among astronomers who saw everyday relevance to their quest, at a time when it was

title: Paper sons

text: their descendants about their past; leaving them with confusion and disconnecting them from their family history. Some paper sons even went as far as adopting the American lifestyle by not teaching their children their home dialects and forgetting any Chinese cultural aspects such as their cultural foods and rituals. Paper sons Paper sons or paper daughters is a term used to refer to Chinese or Japanese people that were born in China who illegally immigrated to the United States by purchasing fraudulent documentations which stated that they were blood relatives to Chinese Americans who had already received U.S. citizenship. Typically

title: Paper print

text: of the paper prints collection never mention the chemical composition of the photographs, but archivists at Ohio State University who received one of the restoration printers used for the conversion project refer to these photographic prints as existing on bromide photographic paper. No specifications could be found on the composition of bromide paper of the time, but one manufacturer today is Kentmere. Their bromide paper “features a conventional double weight fiber-base, coated with a neutral tone bromide emulsion…Glossy unglazed surface only. The double weight paper is approximately 276 g/m² and a thickness of approximately 260 μm.” Photos of the paper

title: Paper Angels

text: Paper Angels "Paper Angels" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Jimmy Wayne. It was released in October 2004 as the fourth single from his debut album "Jimmy Wayne". Wayne wrote the song with Don Sampson. The song is about the Salvation Army's Angel Tree program, in which the organization decorates a Christmas tree with paper angels representing children who are in need. It is in a moderately slow tempo and the key of A major, with a main chord pattern of A-E/G-Fm-D. Wayne later wrote a novel, also titled "Paper Angels", about a family who

title: Not invented here

text: with the existing code base. In most cases, the primary impulse is a form of Not Invented Here regarding the work by the previous team, especially if there are few or no developers from the previous team in the new one. The 'cascade' refers to the tendency - found primarily, but not exclusively, in long-running software development projects - of teams with a high turnover to go through several cycles of rewriting, with the result that long-standing problems with the project get repeated, while previous learned lessons are lost. Zawinski coined the term in light of his experiences with a

title: Not invented here

text: of others, jealousy, or forming part of a wider turf war. As a social phenomenon, this philosophy can manifest as an unwillingness to adopt an idea or product because it originates from another culture, a form of tribalism. The term is normally used in a pejorative sense. The opposite predisposition is sometimes called "proudly found elsewhere" (PFE) or "invented elsewhere". In programming, it is also common to refer to the "NIH syndrome" as the tendency towards reinventing the wheel (reimplementing something that is already available) based on the belief that in-house developments are inherently better suited, more secure, more controlled,

title: I Invented Sex

text: — we simulated best we could, and it's more sensual than raunchy.". It ranked at number twenty-two on " Top 100 Videos of 2009" countdown. Songz performed "I Invented Sex" on "Jimmy Kimmel Live!" on December 1, 2009 and on "106 & Park" on December 11, 2009. The song was then performed again with "Say Aah" on "It's On with Alexa Chung", and then on "The Mo'Nique Show" In January, both Songz and Drake appeared at West Hollywood's House of Blues to perform the song. As a part of a medley with one of his musical influences, Stevie Wonder, "I

title: I Invented Sex

text: Hilson and Usher. The accompanying music video, containing a parental advisory warning, is the follow-up to the "Say Aah" video. When speaking about the record with "MTV News", Songz said, "It's a groove record. It's got that knock at the same time. It's sexy at the same time. Conceptually, it's mind-blowing to tell a woman, 'You gonna think we invented sex when we're done.' That's where I am." The song was recorded at 11th Street Studios in Atlanta, Georgia. The official remix of the song features fellow American R&B singers Usher and Keri Hilson. Another remix features Willie Taylor of

title: Paper candidate

text: in the 1984 election. Paper candidate In a representative democracy, the term paper candidate is often given to a candidate who stands for a political party in an electoral division where the party in question enjoys only low levels of support. Although the candidate has little chance of winning, a major party will normally make an effort to ensure it has its name on the ballot paper in every constituency. In two-party systems, a paper candidate may also be known as token opposition. Paper candidates may be local party members, or members from neighbouring areas or from central office depending

title: Paper candidate

text: Paper candidate In a representative democracy, the term paper candidate is often given to a candidate who stands for a political party in an electoral division where the party in question enjoys only low levels of support. Although the candidate has little chance of winning, a major party will normally make an effort to ensure it has its name on the ballot paper in every constituency. In two-party systems, a paper candidate may also be known as token opposition. Paper candidates may be local party members, or members from neighbouring areas or from central office depending on the laws of

title: Jerry Paper

text: Zonotope™ album "Excellent Realms" (2010), where Paper was given a "special thanks" for "building The Mainframe." The story of the project involves Paper quitting from the spiritual community setting of Zonotope™ to find a "less orthodox alternative spirituality." Nathan described the music of Jerry Paper as "slightly less abstract" than his works for Zonotope™, and the project's titular character is caused by a "ritual" that transforms Nathan into Jerry Paper. Paper often wears a garland and a silk robe and acts like a "weirdo" who does "whatever the hell he wants," such as become "romantically involved with a giant chameleon"

title: Squeeze paper

text: Squeeze paper A squeeze or squeeze paper is a reverse copy of an inscription, made by applying moist filter paper and pushing into the indentations by percussive use of a stiff brush. The paper is allowed to dry and then removed. The image is reversed from the inscription, and protrudes from the squeeze paper. The use of a squeeze allows more information to be gleaned than examining the original inscription, for example curves inside the cuts can identify the scribe who originally carved the inscription. Squeezes can also (and some have been since the 1950s) be made by applying layers

title: Illustrated Paper

text: Illustrated Paper Illustrated Paper was a monthly psychedelic underground newspaper published in Mendocino, California from June 1966 to April 1967. Initially issued under the title "The Paper", it became the "Illustrated Paper" with its third issue. Philip A. Bianchi (Sept. 26, 1938–Sept. 25, 1994) and Walter D. Wells were the editors. It was one of the earliest members of the Underground Press Syndicate. According to Abe Peck, the editor of the "Chicago Seed" who met the staff at the 1967 UPS conference in Stinson Beach, California, it was an ""Oracle"-style" paper and the staff raised animals and grew vegetables on

title: Paper Chasers

text: Paper Chasers Paper Chasers is a 2003 American independent documentary film produced by Holly Becker and Yvette Plummer, and directed by Maxie Collier. "Paper Chasers" is a depiction of the far-flung Hip hop scene, featuring such well-known artists as James Brown, Chuck D., Flavor Flav, Master P., Chris Bridges, and Russell Simmons. The title of the film it is derived from hip-hop terminology for an individual who is pursuing a lucrative goal or career, where paper money would be the reward for great effort. Director Maxie Collier and his crew traveled the United States in pursuit of musical paper chasers

title: Paper local

text: at least one case, a paper local based its extortion fee not on the number of workers an employer had but the number of coin-operated machines it had installed in local businesses. Paper locals often enter into sweetheart contracts that are grossly unfair to workers, and then the employer and paper local embezzle money from the business. While a legitimate union contract might cost X amount of money in wages and benefits, the sweetheart contract costs much less; the difference is split between the individual(s) who control the paper local and the company owners. In one infamous example, a paper

title: Paper (magazine)

text: Rihanna was styled by Shannon Stokes and Farren Fucci who wanted Rihanna to look like a "high fashion clerk in a bodega of the future". The shoot was photographed by Sebastian Faena. Paper Communications also owns ExtraExtra, a marketing, event planning, and production company. Paper (magazine) Paper, stylized as PAPER, is a New York City-based independent magazine focusing on fashion, popular culture, nightlife, music, art and film. Past cover models include Kim Kardashian, Demi Lovato, Katy Perry, Miley Cyrus, Prince, CL, and Jennifer Lopez. "Paper" was founded and launched in 1984 by editors Kim Hastreiter and David Hershkovits (with Lucy

title: Asia Pulp & Paper

text: Asia Pulp & Paper Asia Pulp & Paper, also known in the paper industry as APP, based in Jakarta, Indonesia, is one of the largest pulp and paper companies in the world. It was founded by Eka Tjipta Widjaja with the help of co-founder Singgih Wahab Kwik (Kowik) who was also the adviser of the previous owners of Indah Kiat and former head of commissary and deputy of Sinar Mas Group, who had significant ties to the Suharto ruling family in Indonesia. With 14 major companies in Indonesia and China, APP has a current annual combined pulp, paper, and packaging-grade

title: Jewish paper cutting

text: ben Ardutiel (1290-1369), who describes how he decided to cut letters in paper when his ink became frozen during a harsh winter. To students of Christian Spanish literary history, Rabbi Shem Tov is known as Santob de Carrion de los Condes, the courtly Castilian troubadour who composed the Proverbios morales for Pedro the Cruel. Paper cutting as a folk craft gained popularity in the nineteenth century when paper became a cheap material. Paper cutting was widespread among the Jews of Poland and Russia in the nineteenth century and the early years of the twentieth century. Jewish paper cuts were also

title: Champion International Paper

text: March 2017, crews began the demolition of the facility. Champion International Paper Champion International was a large paper and wood products producer based in Stamford, Connecticut. It was acquired by International Paper in 2000. The company was founded by Peter G. Thomson, who had purchased patents for a card coating machine from Charles H. Gage, president of the Champion Card and Paper Co. of Pepperell, Massachusetts, who in exchange received a half-interest in Thomson's venture. Thomson established the Champion Coated Paper Co. in 1893, building a plant in Hamilton, Ohio, north of Cincinnati on the Great Miami River. Thomson at

title: Champion International Paper

text: Champion International Paper Champion International was a large paper and wood products producer based in Stamford, Connecticut. It was acquired by International Paper in 2000. The company was founded by Peter G. Thomson, who had purchased patents for a card coating machine from Charles H. Gage, president of the Champion Card and Paper Co. of Pepperell, Massachusetts, who in exchange received a half-interest in Thomson's venture. Thomson established the Champion Coated Paper Co. in 1893, building a plant in Hamilton, Ohio, north of Cincinnati on the Great Miami River. Thomson at first advertised his company as the "western branch" of

title: Rock–paper–scissors

text: for one player and a loss for the other. A player who decides to play rock will beat another player who has chosen scissors ("rock crushes scissors" or sometimes "blunts scissors"), but will lose to one who has played paper ("paper covers rock"); a play of paper will lose to a play of scissors ("scissors cuts paper"). If both players choose the same shape, the game is tied and is usually immediately replayed to break the tie. The type of game originated in China and spread with increased contact with East Asia, while developing different variants in signs over time.

title: I Invented Sex

text: R&B group Day26. R&B singer Chris Brown freestyled the song in his first mixtape, "In My Zone", with the title "Invented Head." Ajitpaul Mangat of Tiny Mix Tapes said the song, along with the intro, "Panty Droppa", were "swagga-oozing" and "expertly build the mood with chopped and screwed vocals and exploding percussion, respectively." Drake's closing rap has been described as "Best I Ever Had"-esque. David Jeffries of Allmusic noted the song as a standout track from "Ready". Complimenting the wide appeal of song's title, "DJBooth" said that, "With a high-caliber guest feature and a radio-ready sound, this single should be

title: Bathurst Power and Paper Company

text: River Boom Company. The firm invented Bathurst Corrugating Medium (BCM) in 1950. This product is manufactured from hardwoods by means of a continuous semi-chemical process, and allowed the firm to utilize a greater fraction of the timber; in other words, less waste was generated by its activities. In the early 1950s, control of the hydroelectric plant at Grand Falls was ceded by the BPPC to a provincial Crown corporation which was named at the time the New Brunswick Electric Power Commission. On 1 June 1959 a second boxboard was commissioned. In the early 1960s, Power Corporation bought the Consolidated Paper

title: St. Mary's Paper

text: secured from the Government of Canada. St Marys Paper was controlled by a private investor, Dan Alexander, who arranged to invest heavily in a fifth paper machine. St. Mary's Paper operated a supercalendar grade paper mill with three paper machines, with a total annual capacity of 240,000 tons. It produced SCA premium, SCA and SCB paper grades under the trade names "Sequence", "Sequel" and "Synpress". Paper produced at the mill was primarily purchased by magazine publishers and large retail companies for high quality advertising inserts, flyers and catalogues. St Mary's Paper, in common with the rest of the pulp and

title: Resurrection (Paper, Paper)

text: video and memorable instrumentation and lyrics. This is the first of three times that Flesh-n-Bone was featured in a CD version of a song, but not featured in a video. The others were "Can't Give It Up" and "Change the World". However, when the song stops and the group says "Flesh, Flesh we in the Flesh" a view from him rapping in the "East 1999" music video plays behind them. Resurrection (Paper, Paper) "Resurrection (Paper, Paper)" is a 2000 rap single by Bone Thugs-n-Harmony, the first single released from their album "BTNHResurrection". The single was to represent what Bone Thugs

title: Resurrection (Paper, Paper)

text: Resurrection (Paper, Paper) "Resurrection (Paper, Paper)" is a 2000 rap single by Bone Thugs-n-Harmony, the first single released from their album "BTNHResurrection". The single was to represent what Bone Thugs were doing at the time. There was a lot of speculation that Bizzy Bone was leaving the group and people wanted to know where the band stood. Flesh-n-Bone was featured on the CD version of the song, but did not appear in the video. Even though the single did not perform well on the charts, the song is considered somewhat of a classic by Bone fans because of its well-directed

title: Paper sons

text: Paper sons Paper sons or paper daughters is a term used to refer to Chinese or Japanese people that were born in China who illegally immigrated to the United States by purchasing fraudulent documentations which stated that they were blood relatives to Chinese Americans who had already received U.S. citizenship. Typically it would be relation by being a son or a daughter. Many fled China because of war and poverty. Several historical events such as the Chinese Exclusion Act and San Francisco earthquake of 1906 caused the illegal documents to be produced. With the Chinese Exclusion Act enacted in 1882,

title: Paper Mario

text: Paper Mario Paper Mario is a role-playing video game developed by Intelligent Systems and published by Nintendo for the Nintendo 64 home video game console. It was first released in Japan in 2000 and in the rest of the world in 2001. "Paper Mario" was re-released for Nintendo's Wii Virtual Console in July 2007 as well as Wii U Virtual Console in 2015. "Paper Mario" is set in the Mushroom Kingdom as the protagonist Mario tries to rescue Princess Peach from Bowser, who has imprisoned the seven "Star Spirits", lifted her castle into the sky and has successfully defeated his

title: Commercial paper

text: the program (which cannot be longer than 270 days), as commercial paper matures it is replaced with newly issued commercial paper for the remaining amount of the obligation. If the maturity is less than 270 days, the issuer does not have to file a registrations statement with the SEC, which would mean delay and increased cost. There are two methods of issuing credit. The issuer can market the securities directly to a buy and hold investor such as most money market funds. Alternatively, it can sell the paper to a dealer, who then sells the paper in the market. The

title: Paper towel

text: approx. per year), 50% higher than in Europe and nearly 500% higher than in Latin America. By contrast, people in the Middle East tend to prefer reusable cloth towels, and people in Europe tend to prefer reusable cleaning sponges. Paper towels are popular primarily among people who have disposable income, so their use is higher in wealthy countries and low in developing countries. Paper towels are a global product with rising production and consumption. Being second in tissue consumption only to toilet paper (36% vs. 45% in the U.S.), the proliferation of the mostly non-recyclable paper towels has the same

title: International Paper

text: The acquisition was completed on Dec 1, 2016. International Paper The International Paper Company () is an American pulp and paper company, the largest such company in the world. It has approximately 56,000 employees, and is headquartered in Memphis, Tennessee. The company was incorporated January 31, 1898, upon the merger of 17 pulp and paper mills in the northeastern United States. Its founders and first two presidents were William Augustus Russell, who died suddenly in January 1899, and Hugh J. Chisholm. The newly formed company supplied 60 percent of all newsprint in the country. The Hudson River Mill in Corinth,

title: International Paper

text: International Paper The International Paper Company () is an American pulp and paper company, the largest such company in the world. It has approximately 56,000 employees, and is headquartered in Memphis, Tennessee. The company was incorporated January 31, 1898, upon the merger of 17 pulp and paper mills in the northeastern United States. Its founders and first two presidents were William Augustus Russell, who died suddenly in January 1899, and Hugh J. Chisholm. The newly formed company supplied 60 percent of all newsprint in the country. The Hudson River Mill in Corinth, New York, where the Sacandaga River joins the

title: Paper Dove

text: Paper Dove "'Paper Dove" is the twenty-second and final episode of the first season of the American crime-thriller television series "Millennium". It premiered on the Fox network on May 16, 1997. The episode was written by Ted Mann and Walon Green, and directed by Thomas J. Wright. "Paper Dove" featured guest appearances by Barbara Williams and Mike Starr. Millennium Group consultant Frank Black (Lance Henriksen) takes his family for holiday in Virginia, not realizing that he has been followed by an old stalker who is manipulating a local serial killer to lure Black into action. "Paper Dove" is a two-part

title: Order Paper

text: Order Paper The Order Paper is a daily publication in the Westminster system of government which lists the business of parliament for that day's sitting. A separate paper is issued daily for each house of the legislature. The Order Paper provides members of the legislature with details of what will be happening in that house, including the questions that have been tabled for departmental question sessions and members who have been selected to speak. It also gives details of when and where the standing committees and select committees will be meeting, and the list of debates to be held. Written

title: Paper local

text: rights, they have been a particular problem in the United States. Paper locals are denounced by the AFL-CIO Code of Ethical Practices. Paper locals are often used as a means of extorting money. The individual who controls a paper local may threaten to unionize an employer's workers unless he receives a payoff. The paper local may even list the workers at a worksite as "members" and accept the payment as "union dues", when in fact the workers have not consented to forming or joining the union, have not paid dues, and do not receive the benefits of collective bargaining. In