query: Where is the Eiffel Tower?

title: Eiffel Tower

text: Eiffel Tower The Eiffel Tower ( ; ) is a wrought-iron lattice tower on the Champ de Mars in Paris, France. It is named after the engineer Gustave Eiffel, whose company designed and built the tower. Constructed from 1887–1889 as the entrance to the 1889 World's Fair, it was initially criticized by some of France's leading artists and intellectuals for its design, but it has become a global cultural icon of France and one of the most recognisable structures in the world. The Eiffel Tower is the most-visited paid monument in the world; 6.91 million people ascended it in 2015.

title: Eiffel Tower

text: Building in New York City was topped out. The tower has lost its standing both as the world's tallest structure and the world's tallest lattice tower but retains its status as the tallest freestanding (non-guyed) structure in France. Notes Bibliography Eiffel Tower The Eiffel Tower ( ; ) is a wrought-iron lattice tower on the Champ de Mars in Paris, France. It is named after the engineer Gustave Eiffel, whose company designed and built the tower. Constructed from 1887–1889 as the entrance to the 1889 World's Fair, it was initially criticized by some of France's leading artists and intellectuals for

title: Eiffel Tower (Paris, Tennessee)

text: to Memorial Park where it was finally erected. Eiffel Tower (Paris, Tennessee) Tennessee's Eiffel Tower is a landmark in the city of Paris, Tennessee. Built in the early 1990s, this structure is a model of the Eiffel Tower in Paris, France. Engineering students at Christian Brothers University originally constructed the tower to commemorate the 1990 Memphis in May festival. Each year, the festival honors a country, and 1990 focused on France. According to Brother Patrick O'Brien, a public relations official for the university at the time: "[the tower] was the centerpiece of one of our most popular quads." Regardless, the

title: Eiffel Tower in popular culture

text: Eiffel Tower in popular culture The Eiffel Tower has appeared frequently in works of fiction because of its iconic nature. Movie critic Roger Ebert has noted in his online column that no matter where in Paris a film scene is set the Eiffel Tower will be visible in the background. In some cases the tower is the key plot element or a significant plot element. In a notable subtype, the action of all or part of the work centers around the real or threatened destruction of the tower. In another notable sub-type, the tower and its destruction is used as

title: Eiffel Tower (Cedar Fair)

text: a 1/3 scale of the real Eiffel Tower in Paris, France. Eiffel Tower (Cedar Fair) The Eiffel Towers at Kings Dominion and Kings Island are replicas of the Eiffel Tower in Paris, France. They opened at Kings Island in 1972 and Kings Dominion in 1975, each when the park originally opened. Both of the replicas at Kings Dominion and Kings Island are one-third replicas of the Eiffel Tower in Paris. They were both constructed by then-owner Taft Broadcasting. Each tower stands tall with the observation floor high. The Eiffel Tower at Kings Dominion was built by Bristol Steel. It was

title: Eiffel Tower (Paris, Texas)

text: Eiffel Tower (Paris, Texas) Texas's Eiffel Tower is a landmark in the city of Paris, Texas. The tower was constructed in 1993. It is a model of the Eiffel Tower in Paris, France. This replica was built in 1993, the same year as another one in the United States, the Eiffel Tower in Paris, Tennessee. Original plans made the construction five feet taller than the one in Tennessee and a cowboy hat added to the top, in a competitive spirit, made the total height 65 feet. It was built by members of the local welders’ union and is less than

title: Eiffel Tower

text: The tower is tall, about the same height as an 81- building, and the tallest structure in Paris. Its base is square, measuring on each side. During its construction, the Eiffel Tower surpassed the Washington Monument to become the tallest man-made structure in the world, a title it held for 41 years until the Chrysler Building in New York City was finished in 1930. Due to the addition of a broadcasting aerial at the top of the tower in 1957, it is now taller than the Chrysler Building by . Excluding transmitters, the Eiffel Tower is the second tallest free-standing

title: Eiffel Tower (Delaunay series)

text: Eiffel Tower (Delaunay series) The Eiffel Tower series of Robert Delaunay (1885 – 1941) is a cycle of paintings and drawings of the Eiffel Tower. Its main sequence was created between 1909 and 1912, with additional works added up to 1928. The series is considered the most prominent art depicting the iconic Paris tower as well as the most prominent work of Delaunay. The series was painted in an emerging Orphist style, an art movement co-founded by Robert and Sonia Delaunay and František Kupka that added bright colors and increased abstraction to Cubism. The "Eiffel Tower" series sits chronologically and

title: Eiffel Tower

text: The design of the Eiffel Tower is attributed to Maurice Koechlin and Émile Nouguier, two senior engineers working for the Compagnie des Établissements Eiffel. It was envisioned after discussion about a suitable centrepiece for the proposed 1889 Exposition Universelle, a world's fair to celebrate the centennial of the French Revolution. Eiffel openly acknowledged that inspiration for a tower came from the Latting Observatory built in New York City in 1853. In May 1884, working at home, Koechlin made a sketch of their idea, described by him as "a great pylon, consisting of four lattice girders standing apart at the base

title: Eiffel Tower (Cedar Fair)

text: Eiffel Tower (Cedar Fair) The Eiffel Towers at Kings Dominion and Kings Island are replicas of the Eiffel Tower in Paris, France. They opened at Kings Island in 1972 and Kings Dominion in 1975, each when the park originally opened. Both of the replicas at Kings Dominion and Kings Island are one-third replicas of the Eiffel Tower in Paris. They were both constructed by then-owner Taft Broadcasting. Each tower stands tall with the observation floor high. The Eiffel Tower at Kings Dominion was built by Bristol Steel. It was modeled and built at Kings Island three years prior to construction.

title: Eiffel Tower

text: 1 minute. The original hydraulic mechanism is on public display in a small museum at the base of the east and west legs. Because the mechanism requires frequent lubrication and maintenance, public access is often restricted. The rope mechanism of the north tower can be seen as visitors exit the lift. Gustave Eiffel engraved on the tower the names of 72 French scientists, engineers and mathematicians in recognition of their contributions to the building of the tower. Eiffel chose this "invocation of science" because of his concern over the artists' protest. At the beginning of the 20th century, the engravings

title: Eiffel Tower (Paris, Tennessee)

text: Eiffel Tower (Paris, Tennessee) Tennessee's Eiffel Tower is a landmark in the city of Paris, Tennessee. Built in the early 1990s, this structure is a model of the Eiffel Tower in Paris, France. Engineering students at Christian Brothers University originally constructed the tower to commemorate the 1990 Memphis in May festival. Each year, the festival honors a country, and 1990 focused on France. According to Brother Patrick O'Brien, a public relations official for the university at the time: "[the tower] was the centerpiece of one of our most popular quads." Regardless, the wooden tower was a temporary structure. Moreover, it

title: Eiffel Tower (Paris, Texas)

text: one tenth the height of the 1,063-foot original. A shiny red cowboy hat was added to the top of the spindle in 1998. The tower has 27 thirty-watt LED lights which are programmed by color according to season (red and green at Christmas), and used by announcements by expectant couples revealing the sex of their babies, pink (for girls) or blue (for boys). Eiffel Tower (Paris, Texas) Texas's Eiffel Tower is a landmark in the city of Paris, Texas. The tower was constructed in 1993. It is a model of the Eiffel Tower in Paris, France. This replica was built

title: Eiffel Tower

text: In 1909, a permanent underground radio centre was built near the south pillar, which still exists today. On 20 November 1913, the Paris Observatory, using the Eiffel Tower as an aerial, exchanged wireless signals with the United States Naval Observatory, which used an aerial in Arlington, Virginia. The object of the transmissions was to measure the difference in longitude between Paris and Washington, D.C. Today, radio and digital television signals are transmitted from the Eiffel Tower. A television antenna was first installed on the tower in 1957, increasing its height by 18.7 m (61.4 ft). Work carried out in 2000

title: Eiffel Tower

text: gaps in the latticework. In the years since it was completed, engineers have put forward various mathematical hypotheses in an attempt to explain the success of the design. The most recent, devised in 2004 after letters sent by Eiffel to the French Society of Civil Engineers in 1885 were translated into English, is described as a non-linear integral equation based on counteracting the wind pressure on any point of the tower with the tension between the construction elements at that point. The Eiffel Tower sways by up to 9 centimetres (3.5 in) in the wind. When originally built, the first

title: Eiffel Tower

text: box surrounding the tower (324 m x 125 m x 125 m) would contain tons of air, weighing almost as much as the iron itself. Depending on the ambient temperature, the top of the tower may shift away from the sun by up to due to thermal expansion of the metal on the side facing the sun. When it was built, many were shocked by the tower's daring form. Eiffel was accused of trying to create something artistic with no regard to the principles of engineering. However, Eiffel and his team – experienced bridge builders – understood the importance of

title: Eiffel Tower

text: first level. The layout of both first and second levels was modified, with the space available for visitors on the second level. The original lift in the south pillar was removed 13 years later. On 19 October 1901, Alberto Santos-Dumont, flying his No.6 airship, won a 100,000-franc prize offered by Henri Deutsch de la Meurthe for the first person to make a flight from St. Cloud to the Eiffel Tower and back in less than half an hour. Many innovations took place at the Eiffel Tower in the early 20th century. In 1910, Father Theodor Wulf measured radiant energy at

title: Eiffel Tower

text: were painted over, but they were restored in 1986–87 by the , a company operating the tower. The tower is painted in three shades: lighter at the top, getting progressively darker towards the bottom to complement the Parisian sky. It was originally reddish brown; this changed in 1968 to a bronze colour known as "Eiffel Tower Brown". The only non-structural elements are the four decorative grill-work arches, added in Sauvestre's sketches, which served to make the tower look more substantial and to make a more impressive entrance to the exposition. A pop-culture movie cliché is that the view from a

title: Eiffel Tower replicas and derivatives

text: and one in the Isle of Man and sold shares to potential investors, including many prominent Blackpool families. When the corporation got into financial difficultly John Bickerstaffe stopped the scheme from collapsing and ensured the scheme was a success. The Blackpool Tower, though one of the oldest, is not a true replica of the Eiffel Tower and differs from the Paris tower in a number of ways: it is approximately half the height of the Eiffel Tower (158 m compared to 324 m), it is not freestanding and the base contains buildings which house entertainments including the Tower Circus and

title: Eiffel Tower

text: be used to restrict the publication of tourist photographs of the tower at night, as well as hindering non-profit and semi-commercial publication of images of the illuminated tower. French doctrine and jurisprudence allows pictures incorporating a copyrighted work as long as their presence is incidental or accessory to the subject being represented, a reasoning akin to the "de minimis" rule. Therefore, SETE may be unable to claim copyright on photographs of Paris which happen to include the lit tower. The Eiffel Tower was the world's tallest structure when completed in 1889, a distinction it retained until 1929 when the Chrysler

title: Eiffel Tower (Delaunay series)

text: stylistically between the artist's "Saint-Séverin" series and "Windows" series. Delaunay's Eiffel Tower series is evoked in architectural paintings of other iconic buildings by his contemporary, the New York artist John Marin, in his "Woolworth Building, No. 31" of 1912, and later by the Ontario artist Greg Curnoe's "CN Tower" series of the 1970s and 1980s. The 1913 artist's book "La prose du Transsibérien et de la Petite Jehanne de France", a collaborative work between Sonia Delaunay and the poet Blaise Cendrars, forms an epic narrative of a Trans-Siberian Railway journey that concludes in Paris at a Simultanist Eiffel Tower. They

title: Eiffel Tower

text: Red Guide. It was run by the multi-Michelin star chef Alain Ducasse from 2007 to 2017. Starting May 2019, it will be managed by three star chef Frédéric Anton. It owes its name to the famous science-fiction writer Jules Verne. Additionally, there is a champagne bar at the top of the Eiffel Tower. From 1937 until 1981, there was a restaurant near the top of the tower. It was removed due to structural considerations; engineers had determined it was too heavy and was causing the tower to sag. This restaurant was sold to an American restaurateur and transported to New

title: Eiffel Tower in popular culture

text: a symbol of the real or threatened destruction of the city, or the world. In others, the tower is used as an embodiment of Paris, the symbol of the city, to set the scene for a film or other work centered on the city. In yet others, as a symbol of the city in a more peripheral way. Other uses, to establish the tower simply as a well known visual element. Eiffel Tower in popular culture The Eiffel Tower has appeared frequently in works of fiction because of its iconic nature. Movie critic Roger Ebert has noted in his online

title: Eiffel Tower

text: back down to a second car. Each car only travelled half the distance between the second and third levels and passengers were required to change lifts halfway by means of a short gangway. The 10-ton cars each held 65 passengers. The main structural work was completed at the end of March 1889 and, on 31 March, Eiffel celebrated by leading a group of government officials, accompanied by representatives of the press, to the top of the tower. Because the lifts were not yet in operation, the ascent was made by foot, and took over an hour, with Eiffel stopping frequently

title: Eiffel Tower

text: was to be dismantled in 1909, when its ownership would revert to the City of Paris. The City had planned to tear it down (part of the original contest rules for designing a tower was that it should be easy to dismantle) but as the tower proved to be valuable for communication purposes, it was allowed to remain after the expiry of the permit. Eiffel made use of his apartment at the top of the tower to carry out meteorological observations, and also used the tower to perform experiments on the action of air resistance on falling bodies. For the

title: Eiffel Tower

text: added a further 5.3 m (17.4 ft), giving the current height of 324 m (1,063 ft). Analogue television signals from the Eiffel Tower ceased on 8 March 2011. The tower and its image have long been in the public domain. In June 1990 a French court ruled that a special lighting display on the tower in 1989 to mark the tower's 100th anniversary was an "original visual creation" protected by copyright. The Court of Cassation, France's judicial court of last resort, upheld the ruling in March 1992. The (SETE) now considers any illumination of the tower to be a separate

title: Eiffel Tower

text: Tower in Japan, built as a communications tower in 1958, was also inspired by the Eiffel Tower. There are various scale models of the tower in the United States, including a half-scale version at the Paris Las Vegas, Nevada, one in Paris, Texas built in 1993, and two 1:3 scale models at Kings Island, Ohio, and Kings Dominion, Virginia, amusement parks opened in 1972 and 1975 respectively. Two 1:3 scale models can be found in China, one in Durango, Mexico that was donated by the local French community, and several across Europe. In 2011, the TV show "Pricing the Priceless"

title: The Plot to Blow Up the Eiffel Tower

text: The Plot to Blow Up the Eiffel Tower The Plot to Blow Up the Eiffel Tower was a four-piece punk/noise band from San Diego, California, that formed in 2001. After disbanding in 2006, drummer Brian Hill now plays with The Soft Pack, while singer Brandon Welchez and Charles Rowell formed the duo Crocodiles. On their earlier work, their music incorporated elements of punk rock in a jazz-oriented improvisational and constructional sequence, whilst later works incorporated a more noise and lo-fi approach. Their name is taken from the book "" by Greil Marcus, itself a reference to a line in Guy

title: Eiffel Tower

text: bust of Gustave Eiffel by Antoine Bourdelle was unveiled at the base of the north leg on 2 May 1929. In 1930, the tower lost the title of the world's tallest structure when the Chrysler Building in New York City was completed. In 1938, the decorative arcade around the first level was removed. Upon the German occupation of Paris in 1940, the lift cables were cut by the French. The tower was closed to the public during the occupation and the lifts were not repaired until 1946. In 1940, German soldiers had to climb the tower to hoist a swastika-centered

title: Eiffel Tower

text: writers and poets of our time", and he explained that the protest was irrelevant since the project had been decided upon months before, and construction on the tower was already under way. Indeed, Garnier was a member of the Tower Commission that had examined the various proposals, and had raised no objection. Eiffel was similarly unworried, pointing out to a journalist that it was premature to judge the effect of the tower solely on the basis of the drawings, that the Champ de Mars was distant enough from the monuments mentioned in the protest for there to be little risk

title: Eiffel Tower

text: of his company, and granted him 1.5 million francs toward the construction costs: less than a quarter of the estimated 6.5 million francs. Eiffel was to receive all income from the commercial exploitation of the tower during the exhibition and for the next 20 years. He later established a separate company to manage the tower, putting up half the necessary capital himself. The proposed tower had been a subject of controversy, drawing criticism from those who did not believe it was feasible and those who objected on artistic grounds. These objections were an expression of a long-standing debate in France

title: Eiffel Tower

text: Eiffel responded to these criticisms by comparing his tower to the Egyptian pyramids: "My tower will be the tallest edifice ever erected by man. Will it not also be grandiose in its way? And why would something admirable in Egypt become hideous and ridiculous in Paris?" These criticisms were also dealt with by Édouard Lockroy in a letter of support written to Alphand, ironically saying, "Judging by the stately swell of the rhythms, the beauty of the metaphors, the elegance of its delicate and precise style, one can tell this protest is the result of collaboration of the most famous

title: The Plot to Blow Up the Eiffel Tower

text: Soft Pack (aka The Muslims). Willy Graves died Monday, September 15, 2008, as per information supplied by his mother. Plot's style is a fusion of the genres: post-hardcore, jazz, post-punk, noise rock, indie rock, spoken word and hardcore punk. The band took influences from John Zorn, Swing Kids (band), Miles Davis, Drive Like Jehu, Bad Brains and Fugazi. The Plot to Blow Up the Eiffel Tower The Plot to Blow Up the Eiffel Tower was a four-piece punk/noise band from San Diego, California, that formed in 2001. After disbanding in 2006, drummer Brian Hill now plays with The Soft Pack,

title: A View from Eiffel Tower

text: with a poor sculptor named Vanja, but struggles to reconcile her love with prostitution. The film shows struggle in the wretchedness of everyday life in the Balkans, with the message that love triumphs over adversity. A View from Eiffel Tower A View from the Eiffel tower (Montenegrin: Pogled sa Ajfelovog tornja) is a Montenegrin 2005 drama film directed by Nikola Vukčević in 2005. The main character Marijana is a beautiful 25-year-old girl. When she was 16 her father's boss sexually abused her. Marijana's father progressed his career (as a gynaecologist willing to perform illegal abortions) due to his boss's assistance

title: A View from Eiffel Tower

text: A View from Eiffel Tower A View from the Eiffel tower (Montenegrin: Pogled sa Ajfelovog tornja) is a Montenegrin 2005 drama film directed by Nikola Vukčević in 2005. The main character Marijana is a beautiful 25-year-old girl. When she was 16 her father's boss sexually abused her. Marijana's father progressed his career (as a gynaecologist willing to perform illegal abortions) due to his boss's assistance and did nothing about the abuse. Ten years later, Marijana seeks to avenge what was done to her by becoming a prostitute, sleeping with her father's colleagues and harming his reputation. She falls in love

title: Eiffel Tower

text: the autumn of 1884 under the company name. On 30 March 1885, Eiffel presented his plans to the ; after discussing the technical problems and emphasising the practical uses of the tower, he finished his talk by saying the tower would symbolise, Little progress was made until 1886, when Jules Grévy was re-elected as president of France and Édouard Lockroy was appointed as minister for trade. A budget for the exposition was passed and, on 1 May, Lockroy announced an alteration to the terms of the open competition being held for a centrepiece to the exposition, which effectively made the

title: Eiffel Tower

text: men led by Lucien Sarniguet, who had lowered the Tricolour on 13 June 1940 when Paris fell to the Germans. A fire started in the television transmitter on 3 January 1956, damaging the top of the tower. Repairs took a year, and in 1957, the present radio aerial was added to the top. In 1964, the Eiffel Tower was officially declared to be a historical monument by the Minister of Cultural Affairs, André Malraux. A year later, an additional lift system was installed in the north pillar. According to interviews, in 1967, Montreal Mayor Jean Drapeau negotiated a secret agreement

title: Eiffel Tower

text: hydraulic system to a new electrically driven oil-filled hydraulic system, and the original water hydraulics were retained solely as a counterbalance system. A service lift was added to the south pillar for moving small loads and maintenance personnel three years later. Robert Moriarty flew a Beechcraft Bonanza under the tower on 31 March 1984. In 1987, A.J. Hackett made one of his first bungee jumps from the top of the Eiffel Tower, using a special cord he had helped develop. Hackett was arrested by the police. On 27 October 1991, Thierry Devaux, along with mountain guide Hervé Calvayrac, performed a

title: Eiffel Tower (Paris, Tennessee)

text: The tower was designed to scale by Tom Morrison, professor emeritus of civil engineering; Jim Jacobs, assistant professor of mechanical engineering; and Roland Raffanti, engineering lab technician, from Christian Brothers University. According to Brother Patrick O'Brien, Morrison designed the model based on the original drawings of Gustave Eiffel. At tall, the tower is a nearly perfect 1:20 scale replica of the original. Built through the labor of more than 10,000 hours donated by CBU students, faculty, alumni, and friends, the tower contains 500 pieces of Douglas fir and 6,000 steel rods. The monument was assembled in CBU's Buckman Quadrangle. After

title: Eiffel Tower

text: to explain various features. Most of the party chose to stop at the lower levels, but a few, including the structural engineer, Émile Nouguier, the head of construction, Jean Compagnon, the President of the City Council, and reporters from "Le Figaro" and "Le Monde Illustré", completed the ascent. At 2:35 pm, Eiffel hoisted a large Tricolour to the accompaniment of a 25-gun salute fired at the first level. There was still work to be done, particularly on the lifts and facilities, and the tower was not opened to the public until nine days after the opening of the exposition on

title: Gustave Eiffel

text: Gustave Eiffel Alexandre Gustave Eiffel (born Bonickhausen dit Eiffel; ; ; 15 December 183227 December 1923) was a French civil engineer. A graduate of École Centrale Paris, he made his name building various bridges for the French railway network, most famously the Garabit viaduct. He is best known for the world-famous Eiffel Tower, built for the 1889 Universal Exposition in Paris, and his contribution to building the Statue of Liberty in New York. After his retirement from engineering, Eiffel focused on research into meteorology and aerodynamics, making significant contributions in both fields. Gustave Eiffel was born in Burgundy, France, in

title: Gustave Eiffel

text: about the exact site for the tower, a contract was signed on 8 January 1887. This was signed by Eiffel acting in his own capacity rather than as the representative of his company, and granted him one and a half million francs toward the construction costs. This was less than a quarter of the estimated cost of six and a half million francs. Eiffel was to receive all income from the commercial exploitation during the exhibition and for the following twenty years. Eiffel later established a separate company to manage the tower. The tower had been a subject of some

title: Alec Eiffel

text: Alec Eiffel "Alec Eiffel" is a song by the American alternative rock band Pixies, and is the third track on their 1991 album "Trompe le Monde". The song was written and sung by frontman Black Francis, produced by Gil Norton and recorded during the album's recording sessions. "Alec Eiffel" was released as a single in France, the United Kingdom and the United States, and was their third single from the album. The song references the French engineer Alexandre Gustave Eiffel, who designed the Eiffel Tower and the Statue of Liberty; Francis thought it was a "fascinating subject" to compose a

title: Eiffel Tower

text: level contained three restaurants—one French, one Russian and one Flemish—and an "Anglo-American Bar". After the exposition closed, the Flemish restaurant was converted to a 250-seat theatre. A promenade wide ran around the outside of the first level. At the top, there were laboratories for various experiments, and a small apartment reserved for Gustave Eiffel to entertain guests, which is now open to the public, complete with period decorations and lifelike mannequins of Eiffel and some of his notable guests. In May 2016, an apartment was created on the first level to accommodate four competition winners during the UEFA Euro 2016

title: Erika Eiffel

text: Erika Eiffel Erika "Aya" Eiffel (née Erika LaBrie), is an American female competitive archer and advocate for object sexuality. She famously "married" the Eiffel Tower in a commitment ceremony in 2007. After serving enlisted in the United States Air Force, Eiffel entered the U.S. Air Force Academy in 1993. In her first year she was sexually assaulted by another cadet, but thwarted the attack with a training sword. She was subsequently dismissed from the Academy with a personality disorder. "I really felt that the only way for me to sleep is if I was holding onto something, like my sword,

title: Alec Eiffel

text: a tribute to the famous French engineer Alexandre Gustave Eiffel, designer of the Eiffel Tower in Paris. The song's video features the band playing in a wind-tunnel, a reference to the "pioneer of aerodynamics," with physics formulas in the background. The British magazine "Melody Maker" later commented on Francis' songwriting technique and the song itself: "According to Charles, the song started with Eiffel, then he started to [sic] singing the words Eiffel, rifle, trifle, and suddenly 'everything fell into place'. It's not certain whether lines like 'little Eiffel stands in the archway, even though it doesn't make no sense' are

title: Eiffel Tower (Paris, Tennessee)

text: could not remain at the university because students began to climb it even though it could not support their weight. In April 1991, the Paris-Henry County Chamber of Commerce sponsored "Paris U.S.A.," an event created to celebrate the shared charm of the fifteen U.S. cities named for the French capital. Representatives from five Parises accepted their invitations to enjoy Paris U.S.A. in Paris, Tennessee. During the fall of that year, Brother Patrick O'Brien remembered the celebration and asked Paris if it would be interested in accepting a scale replica of the Eiffel Tower. The city accepted, and the job began.

title: Petřín Lookout Tower

text: of the Eiffel Tower. In contrast to the Eiffel Tower, Petřínská rozhledna has an octagonal, not square, cross-section. Further, it does not stand, as does the Eiffel Tower, on four columns of lattice steel. The whole area under its legs is covered with the entrance hall. A similarity between the Eiffel Tower and Petřínská rozhledna is the design of the lowest cross beams in the form of round bones. In 1889, members of the Club of Czech Tourists visited the world exposition in Paris and were inspired by the Eiffel Tower. They collected a sufficient amount of money and in

title: Gustave Eiffel

text: than an increase of pressure acting on the under surface. Following complaints about noise from people living nearby, he moved his experiments to a new establishment at Auteuil in 1912. Here it was possible to build a larger wind tunnel, and Eiffel began to make tests using scale models of aircraft designs. In 1913 Eiffel was awarded the Samuel P. Langley Medal for Aerodromics by the Smithsonian Institution. In his speech at the presentation of the medal, Alexander Graham Bell said: Eiffel had meteorological measuring equipment placed on the tower in 1889, and also built a weather station at his

title: Eiffel Tower

text: of the tower overwhelming them, and putting the aesthetic argument for the tower: "Do not the laws of natural forces always conform to the secret laws of harmony?" Some of the protesters changed their minds when the tower was built; others remained unconvinced. Guy de Maupassant supposedly ate lunch in the tower's restaurant every day because it was the one place in Paris where the tower was not visible. By 1918, it had become a symbol of Paris and of France after Guillaume Apollinaire wrote a nationalist poem in the shape of the tower (a calligram) to express his feelings

title: Tour Eiffel Bridge

text: Jacques Chirac. Architects Paul Martineau and Eric Haar modeled the bridge on Parisian style. It opened in 1990. Tour Eiffel Bridge The Tour Eiffel Bridge, also known as the Montcalm Street Bridge is a small but ornate bridge in Gatineau, Quebec. There had long been a bridge across Brewery Creek, but by the 1980s it needed to be replaced. Hull and the National Capital Commission were working to turn the Brewery Creek area into a tourist and cultural district. It was decided to build an ornate structure. Incorporated in the bridge was an original steel girder from the Eiffel Tower,

title: Tour Eiffel Bridge

text: Tour Eiffel Bridge The Tour Eiffel Bridge, also known as the Montcalm Street Bridge is a small but ornate bridge in Gatineau, Quebec. There had long been a bridge across Brewery Creek, but by the 1980s it needed to be replaced. Hull and the National Capital Commission were working to turn the Brewery Creek area into a tourist and cultural district. It was decided to build an ornate structure. Incorporated in the bridge was an original steel girder from the Eiffel Tower, that had been part of a recently disassembled staircase. The girder was donated to Hull by Paris mayor

title: Gustave Eiffel

text: made to enable precise adjustments by placing hydraulic jacks in the footings for each of the girders making up the legs. The main structural work was completed at the end of March, and on the 31st Eiffel celebrated this by leading a group of government officials, accompanied by representatives of the press, to the top of the tower. Since the lifts were not yet in operation, the ascent was made by foot, and took over an hour, Eiffel frequently stopping to make explanations of various features. Most of the party chose to stop at the lower levels, but a few,

title: Les mariés de la tour Eiffel

text: Les mariés de la tour Eiffel Les mariés de la tour Eiffel ("The Wedding Party on the Eiffel Tower") is a ballet to a libretto by Jean Cocteau, choreography by Jean Börlin, set by , costumes by Jean Hugo, and music by five members of Les Six: Georges Auric, Arthur Honegger, Darius Milhaud, Francis Poulenc and Germaine Tailleferre. The score calls for two narrators. The ballet was first performed in Paris in 1921. The ballet had its genesis in a commission to Jean Cocteau and Georges Auric, from Rolf de Maré of the Ballets suédois. Cocteau's original title for his

title: Eiffel Tower

text: Parisian window always includes the tower. In reality, since zoning restrictions limit the height of most buildings in Paris to seven storeys, only a small number of tall buildings have a clear view of the tower. Maintenance of the tower includes applying 60 tons of paint every seven years to prevent it from rusting. The tower has been completely repainted at least 19 times since it was built. Lead paint was still being used as recently as 2001 when the practice was stopped out of concern for the environment. The nearest Paris Métro station is Bir-Hakeim and the nearest RER

title: Watkin's Tower

text: Eiffel Tower in Paris, France, Watkin invited Gustave Eiffel himself to design the tower, but the Frenchman declined – replying that if he designed the tower, the French people "would not think me so good a Frenchman as I hope I am." An architectural design competition was held in 1890, and a total of 68 designs were submitted. Some of the more exotic proposals included a £1m tower inspired by the Tower of Pisa; a structure with "a captive parachute to hold four persons"; and a tower with a spiral railway climbing its exterior. One design included a 1/12-scale model

title: Visual Eiffel

text: code. The compiler (not the graphical environment) is, besides Windows, also available on Linux. Licensing is free for personal use (with banner) or commercial, with the core GPL. Visual Eiffel Visual Eiffel is an implementation of the Eiffel programming language developed and distributed by Object Tools GmbH, a German company. Visual Eiffel provides an integrated development environment running on Microsoft Windows. A major design goal is to provide an environment that, unlike EiffelStudio, does not use an original user interface paradigm but instead is comfortable to programmers familiar with such tools as Microsoft's Visual Studio and Borland's Delphi. Visual Eiffel

title: The Eiffel School of Management

text: The Eiffel School of Management The Eiffel School of Management (known as IAE Gustave Eiffel or Institut d'administration des entreprises Gustave Eiffel), is a public business school, part of the University of Paris Est-Créteil, Paris Est-Marne-La-Vallée and the IAE France Network, bringing together 33 business schools in France.The school offers both undergraduate (Bachelor – "Licence)" and graduate (Master and PhD – "Master et Doctorat") programs in fields such as accounting, finance, management, marketing, and health management. The Eiffel School of Management was created in 2007 although the management courses have been taught at the University Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne since the

title: The Eiffel School of Management

text: Its aim is to encourage the development of research in Management at the University Paris-Est and to contribute to the scientific and technical progress in Management Sciences. It is also an organization which enables teaching innovations and provides support for young faculty members, PhD and Research Master’s Students. The Student Union’s (BDE - Bureau Des Etudiants) mission is to facilitate social interaction among students by organizing and sponsoring a variety of social events. The Eiffel School of Management The Eiffel School of Management (known as IAE Gustave Eiffel or Institut d'administration des entreprises Gustave Eiffel), is a public business school,

title: Gustave Eiffel

text: proposal to demolish the railway bridge of Bordeaux (also known as the "passerelle St Jean"), the first major work of Gustave Eiffel, resulted in a large response from the public. Actions to protect the bridge were taken as early as 2002 by the "Association of the Descendants of Gustave Eiffel", joined from 2005 onwards by the Association "Sauvons la Passerelle Eiffel" ("Save the Eiffel Bridge"). They led, in 2010, to the decision to list Eiffel's Bordeaux bridge as a French Historical Monument. Gustave Eiffel Alexandre Gustave Eiffel (born Bonickhausen dit Eiffel; ; ; 15 December 183227 December 1923) was a

title: Macau Tower

text: of "The Highest Bungee Jump from a Building" achieved in 1987 from the Eiffel Tower. Edison Chen represented Macau Tower in the inaugural jump to bid for "The World's Highest Bungee Jump Facility". Jack Osbourne has bungee-jumped off the tower as well, as part of the third series of "". Anthony Bourdain bungee-jumped from the top floor of the building in an episode of "". It served as the venue of photoshoot of Episode 10, "America's Next Top Model" Cycle 18: British Invasion. The tower was featured in the third episode of "An Idiot Abroad 3", where Karl Pilkington and

title: Eiffel Tower

text: with Charles de Gaulle for the tower to be dismantled and temporarily relocated to Montreal to serve as a landmark and tourist attraction during Expo 67. The plan was allegedly vetoed by the company operating the tower out of fear that the French government could refuse permission for the tower to be restored in its original location. In 1982, the original lifts between the second and third levels were replaced after 97 years in service. These had been closed to the public between November and March because the water in the hydraulic drive tended to freeze. The new cars operate

title: Eiffel Tower

text: series of acrobatic figures while bungee jumping from the second floor of the tower. Facing the Champ de Mars, Devaux used an electric winch between figures to go back up to the second floor. When firemen arrived, he stopped after the sixth jump. For its "Countdown to the Year 2000" celebration on 31 December 1999, flashing lights and high-powered searchlights were installed on the tower. Fireworks were set off all over it. An exhibition above a cafeteria on the first floor commemorates this event. The searchlights on top of the tower made it a beacon in Paris's night sky, and

title: Eiffel Tower

text: the top and bottom of the tower. He found more at the top than expected, incidentally discovering what are known today as cosmic rays. Just two years later, on 4 February 1912, Austrian tailor Franz Reichelt died after jumping from the first level of the tower (a height of 57 metres) to demonstrate his parachute design. In 1914, at the outbreak of World War I, a radio transmitter located in the tower jammed German radio communications, seriously hindering their advance on Paris and contributing to the Allied victory at the First Battle of the Marne. From 1925 to 1934, illuminated

title: Eiffel Tower

text: record their impressions of the tower. Gustave Eiffel described some of the responses as "vraiment curieuse" ("truly curious"). Famous visitors to the tower included the Prince of Wales, Sarah Bernhardt, "Buffalo Bill" Cody (his Wild West show was an attraction at the exposition) and Thomas Edison. Eiffel invited Edison to his private apartment at the top of the tower, where Edison presented him with one of his phonographs, a new invention and one of the many highlights of the exposition. Edison signed the guestbook with this message: Eiffel had a permit for the tower to stand for 20 years. It

title: Eiffel Tower

text: York and then New Orleans. It was rebuilt on the edge of New Orleans' Garden District as a restaurant and later event hall. As one of the most iconic landmarks in the world, the Eiffel Tower has been the inspiration for the creation of many replicas and similar towers. An early example is Blackpool Tower in England. The mayor of Blackpool, Sir John Bickerstaffe, was so impressed on seeing the Eiffel Tower at the 1889 exposition that he commissioned a similar tower to be built in his town. It opened in 1894 and is 158.1 metres (518 ft) tall. Tokyo

title: Eiffel Tower (Delaunay series)

text: had announced a plan to sell 150 copies of the book, which would equal in height the Tower itself. The Russian film director Sergei Eisenstein's appreciation of Delaunay's work informed his Soviet montage theory, as he imagined developing cinematically "a dynamic fusion of a series, moving past the spectator, of those hundred views of the Eiffel Tower" rather than a "summation within a single canvas". Cendrars's 1924 essay on Robert Delaunay describes his feminization of the Tower, and Sonia Delaunay described the Eiffel Tower as her husband's "Eve future" Eiffel Tower (Delaunay series) The Eiffel Tower series of Robert Delaunay

title: Eiffel Tower

text: 2.5 million rivets. At first the legs were constructed as cantilevers, but about halfway to the first level, construction was paused in order to create a substantial timber scaffold. This renewed concerns about the structural integrity of the tower, and sensational headlines such as "Eiffel Suicide!" and "Gustave Eiffel Has Gone Mad: He Has Been Confined in an Asylum" appeared in the tabloid press. At this stage, a small "creeper" crane designed to move up the tower was installed in each leg. They made use of the guides for the lifts which were to be fitted in the four legs.

title: Eiffel Tower

text: station is Champ de Mars-Tour Eiffel. The tower itself is located at the intersection of the quai Branly and the Pont d'Iéna. More than 250 million people have visited the tower since it was completed in 1889. In 2015, there were 6.91 million visitors. The tower is the most-visited paid monument in the world. An average of 25,000 people ascend the tower every day which can result in long queues. The tower has two restaurants: on the first level, and , a gourmet restaurant with its own lift on the second level. This restaurant has one star in the Michelin

title: Eiffel Tower replicas and derivatives

text: Eiffel Tower replicas and derivatives As one of the most iconic and recognisable structures in the world, the Eiffel Tower has been the inspiration for the creation of over 50 similar towers around the world. Most are not exact replicas, though there are many like it. The Eiffel Tower was an inspiration for the Blackpool Tower in Blackpool, England, which proved that a tower could be a profitable tourist attraction. The Blackpool Tower was originally the idea of the Standard Contract and Debenture Corporation, based in the Isle of Man, who proposed the erection of two towers, one in Blackpool

title: Eiffel Tower

text: 20,000 flashing bulbs gave the tower a sparkly appearance for five minutes every hour on the hour. The lights sparkled blue for several nights to herald the new millennium On 31 December 2000. The sparkly lighting continued for 18 months until July 2001. The sparkling lights were turned on again on 21 June 2003, and the display was planned to last for 10 years before they needed replacing. The tower received its th guest on 28 November 2002. The tower has operated at its maximum capacity of about 7 million visitors since 2003. In 2004, the Eiffel Tower began hosting

title: Eiffel Tower replicas and derivatives

text: Ballroom, making it in itself one of the most unique replica-like Towers in the world. It was also designed by the British architects Maxwell and Tuke who designed a number of towers including New Brighton. Other Eiffel-inspired towers are listed in the table in descending order of scale and height: These replicas are of unknown height. See also: Eiffel Tower replicas and derivatives As one of the most iconic and recognisable structures in the world, the Eiffel Tower has been the inspiration for the creation of over 50 similar towers around the world. Most are not exact replicas, though there

title: Eiffel Tower

text: wind forces, and knew that if they were going to build the tallest structure in the world, they had to be sure it could withstand them. In an interview with the newspaper "Le Temps" published on 14 February 1887, Eiffel said: He used graphical methods to determine the strength of the tower and empirical evidence to account for the effects of wind, rather than a mathematical formula. Close examination of the tower reveals a basically exponential shape. All parts of the tower were over-designed to ensure maximum resistance to wind forces. The top half was even assumed to have no

title: Eiffel Tower

text: selection of Eiffel's design a foregone conclusion, as entries had to include a study for a four-sided metal tower on the Champ de Mars. (A 300-meter tower was then considered a herculean engineering effort). On 12 May, a commission was set up to examine Eiffel's scheme and its rivals, which, a month later, decided that all the proposals except Eiffel's were either impractical or lacking in details. After some debate about the exact location of the tower, a contract was signed on 8 January 1887. This was signed by Eiffel acting in his own capacity rather than as the representative

title: Eiffel Tower

text: a seasonal ice rink on the first level. A glass floor was installed on the first level during the 2014 refurbishment. The puddled iron (wrought iron) of the Eiffel Tower weighs 7,300 tons, and the addition of lifts, shops and antennae have brought the total weight to approximately 10,100 tons. As a demonstration of the economy of design, if the 7,300 tons of metal in the structure were melted down, it would fill the square base, on each side, to a depth of only assuming the density of the metal to be 7.8 tons per cubic metre. Additionally, a cubic

title: Eiffel Tower

text: and coming together at the top, joined together by metal trusses at regular intervals". Eiffel initially showed little enthusiasm, but he did approve further study, and the two engineers then asked Stephen Sauvestre, the head of company's architectural department, to contribute to the design. Sauvestre added decorative arches to the base of the tower, a glass pavilion to the first level, and other embellishments. The new version gained Eiffel's support: he bought the rights to the patent on the design which Koechlin, Nougier, and Sauvestre had taken out, and the design was exhibited at the Exhibition of Decorative Arts in

title: Eiffel Tower

text: about the relationship between architecture and engineering. It came to a head as work began at the Champ de Mars: a "Committee of Three Hundred" (one member for each metre of the tower's height) was formed, led by the prominent architect Charles Garnier and including some of the most important figures of the arts, such as Adolphe Bouguereau, Guy de Maupassant, Charles Gounod and Jules Massenet. A petition called "Artists against the Eiffel Tower" was sent to the Minister of Works and Commissioner for the Exposition, Charles Alphand, and it was published by "Le Temps" on 14 February 1887: Gustave

title: Gustave Eiffel

text: by Eiffel were an important part of this, the two works that did most to make him famous are the Statue of Liberty and the Eiffel Tower, both projects of immense symbolic importance and today internationally recognized landmarks. The Tower is also important because of its role in establishing the aesthetic potential of structures whose appearance is largely dictated by practical considerations. His contribution to the science of aerodynamics is probably of equal importance to his work as an engineer. A number of works of Gustave Eiffel are in danger today. Some have already been destroyed, as in Vietnam. A

title: Eiffel Tower (Cedar Fair)

text: It is the centerpiece of the park, located in the International Street section of the park, just beyond the fountains at the main entrance. It is currently the tallest attraction at Kings Dominion if measured by the top of the structure. It is the 4th tallest if measured by the observation platform with , Intimidator 305 and WindSeeker being taller. It is constructed of 450 tons of steel. Elevators in the replica were installed by Haushahn Elevator of Austria with subsequent modernizations and upgrades in recent years. The Eiffel Tower at Kings Island was built by Southern Ohio Fabricators, and

title: Eiffel Peak

text: Eiffel Peak Eiffel Peak is a mountain summit in Banff National Park in Alberta, Canada. It's part of the Bow Range, which is a sub-range of the Canadian Rockies. The nearest higher peak is Mount Temple, to the northeast. The first ascent was made in 1901 by Charles S. Thompson and G.M. Weed, with Hans Kaufmann as guide. The peak was named in 1908 by Arthur O. Wheeler on account of its great height; its name is an allusion to the Eiffel Tower. The mountain's name was made official in 1952 by the Geographical Names Board of Canada. Eiffel Peak

title: Erika Eiffel

text: Finnish journalist moved to Berlin for a year to write a book about Eiffel's object relationships and everyday life."Rautaiset rakastajat – matkani Erika Eiffelin maailmaan" (""Iron Lovers - My trip into Erika Eiffel's World"") was published in Finland in October 2012. Erika Eiffel Erika "Aya" Eiffel (née Erika LaBrie), is an American female competitive archer and advocate for object sexuality. She famously "married" the Eiffel Tower in a commitment ceremony in 2007. After serving enlisted in the United States Air Force, Eiffel entered the U.S. Air Force Academy in 1993. In her first year she was sexually assaulted by another

title: Gustave Eiffel

text: designed by Charles Garnier, later among the most prominent critics of the Tower. The dome, with a diameter of , was the largest in the world when built and used an ingenious bearing device: rather than running on wheels or rollers, it was supported by a ring-shaped hollow girder floating in a circular trough containing a solution of magnesium chloride in water. This had been patented by Eiffel in 1881. The design of the Eiffel Tower was originated by Maurice Koechlin and Emile Nouguier, who had discussed ideas for a centrepiece for the 1889 Exposition Universelle. In May 1884 Koechlin,

title: Erika Eiffel

text: competition bow, helped her to become a world-class archer. She first encountered the Eiffel Tower in 2004, and felt an immediate attraction. She told ABC News that she and others "[...] feel an innate connection to objects. It comes perfectly normal to us to connect on various levels, emotional, spiritual and also physical for some." In April 2009, on the second anniversary of her marriage to the Eiffel Tower, she appeared on "Good Morning America" and explained how her object love empowered her. Her twenty-year relationship with the Berlin Wall inspired the musical theater production "Erika's Wall". In 2011 a

title: Fazilka TV Tower

text: Fazilka TV Tower Fazilka TV Tower, often nicknamed the Fazilka Eiffel Tower, is a tall Indian lattice tower at Fazilka, Punjab, India, which is used for FM-/TV-broadcasting in the whole of Punjab. The tower is currently the forty-fourth in the world and the second tallest man-made structure in India. Fazilka TV Tower is able to supply all areas around 100 kilometres of its location with TV programmes. The tall tower is nicknamed the "Fazilka Eiffel Tower", although its similarity with the real Eiffel Tower is questionable at best. Fazilka TV Tower, after Rameswaram TV Tower, is the second-tallest man-made structure

title: Gustave Eiffel

text: the Cantal département. Like the Douro bridge, the project involved a lengthy viaduct crossing the river valley as well as the river itself, and Eiffel was given the job without any process of competitive tendering due to his success with the bridge over the Douro. To assist him in the work he took on several people who were to play important roles in the design and construction of the Eiffel Tower, including Maurice Koechlin, a young graduate of the Zurich Polytechnikum, who was engaged to undertake calculations and make drawings, and Émile Nouguier, who had previously worked for Eiffel on

title: Observation tower

text: is a support pillar of the aerial tramway in Barcelona. It is equipped with an observation deck. The Blackpool Tower (still standing) and the New Brighton Tower (demolished) resembled smaller versions of the Eiffel Tower, while Watkin's Tower at Wembley, if completed, would have been taller than the Eiffel Tower. The i360 in Brighton is a 162-metre (531 ft) observation tower and the world’s first vertical cable car. Enger Tower, Reunion Tower, Seattle's Space Needle, Gatlinburg, Tennessee's Space Needle and the Tower of the Americas are some examples of observation towers in the United States. Joachim Kleinmanns: Schau ins Land.

title: Gustave Eiffel

text: Using this Eiffel definitely established that the air resistance of a body was very closely related to the square of the airspeed. He then built a laboratory on the Champ de Mars at the foot of the tower in 1905, building his first wind tunnel there in 1909. The wind tunnel was used to investigate the characteristics of the airfoil sections used by the early pioneers of aviation such as the Wright Brothers, Gabriel Voisin and Louis Blériot. Eiffel established that the lift produced by an airfoil was the result of a reduction of air pressure above the wing rather

title: Fazilka TV Tower

text: in the city and/or municipal council of Fazilka (thus, the name), which in turn, lies in the northwestern state of Punjab, India. Fazilka TV Tower Fazilka TV Tower, often nicknamed the Fazilka Eiffel Tower, is a tall Indian lattice tower at Fazilka, Punjab, India, which is used for FM-/TV-broadcasting in the whole of Punjab. The tower is currently the forty-fourth in the world and the second tallest man-made structure in India. Fazilka TV Tower is able to supply all areas around 100 kilometres of its location with TV programmes. The tall tower is nicknamed the "Fazilka Eiffel Tower", although its

title: Gustave Eiffel

text: at his Beauleau-Sur-Mer and Vevey vacation homes where he experimented with chemical developers. He patented a photographic heliograph in 1907. He went on to do important work in meteorology and aerodynamics. Eiffel's interest in these areas was a consequence of the problems he had encountered with the effects of wind forces on the structures he had built. His first aerodynamic experiments, an investigation of the air resistance of surfaces, was carried out by dropping the surface to be investigated together with a measuring apparatus down a vertical cable stretched between the second level of the Eiffel Tower and the ground.

title: Tokyo Tower

text: "" where Cures Lovely and Princess and the first completed PreCure teams perform their rendition of the song called Pretty Cure Memory. Tokyo Tower Tokyo Tower (東京タワー "Tōkyō tawā", officially called 日本電波塔 "Nippon denpatō" "Japan Radio Tower") is a communications and observation tower in the Shiba-koen district of Minato, Tokyo, Japan. At , it is the second-tallest structure in Japan. The structure is an Eiffel Tower-inspired lattice tower that is painted white and international orange to comply with air safety regulations. Built in 1958, the tower's main sources of income are tourism and antenna leasing. Over 150 million people have

title: Visual Eiffel

text: Visual Eiffel Visual Eiffel is an implementation of the Eiffel programming language developed and distributed by Object Tools GmbH, a German company. Visual Eiffel provides an integrated development environment running on Microsoft Windows. A major design goal is to provide an environment that, unlike EiffelStudio, does not use an original user interface paradigm but instead is comfortable to programmers familiar with such tools as Microsoft's Visual Studio and Borland's Delphi. Visual Eiffel includes a "Display Machine" for developing GUI applications. While many other Eiffel compilers generate C, Java bytecode or bytecode for .NET, the Visual Eiffel compiler generates native X86

title: Tower Music (Joseph Bertolozzi)

text: precursor to the "Tower Music" project was "Bridge Music". Not thinking he could gain access to the Eiffel Tower, Bertolozzi went about creating a composition made using only the unmodified sounds of New York's Mid-Hudson Bridge, for the Hudson-Fulton-Champlain Quadricentennial celebrations in 2009. Bertolozzi used "Bridge Music" as a proof of concept to present to SETE, the authority that controls the Eiffel Tower. By 2010, plans were underway to attempt field recording and a live performance on the Eiffel Tower. After a formal meeting with SETE in November 2010, the project was approved in March 2011. In January 2013, Bertolozzi

title: Gustave Eiffel

text: bought the rights to the patent on the design which Koechlin, Nougier, and Sauvestre had taken out. The design was exhibited at the Exhibition of Decorative Arts in the autumn of 1884, and on 30 March 1885 Eiffel read a paper on the project to the Société des Ingénieurs Civils. After discussing the technical problems and emphasising the practical uses of the tower, he finished his talk by saying that the tower would symbolise Little happened until the beginning of 1886, but with the re-election of Jules Grévy as President and his appointment of Edouard Lockroy as Minister for Trade

title: The Hostage Tower

text: The Hostage Tower The Hostage Tower is a 1980 American spy and thriller telemovie starring Peter Fonda and Douglas Fairbanks Jr., and directed by Claudio Guzmán, well known for his work in sitcoms. It is based on a book of the same name by John Denis, based on an idea by Alistair MacLean. The book was written deliberately for television adaptation. It is the first in the series of UNACO books. Criminal mastermind Mr Smith (Keir Dullea) is being pursued by Malcolm Philpott (Douglas Fairbanks Jr.), the head of an international peace organisation. When Mr Smith captures the Eiffel Tower

title: Eiffel (programming language)

text: a clear distinction between expressions and instructions. This is in line with the Command-Query Separation principle of the Eiffel method. Much of the documentation of Eiffel uses distinctive style conventions, designed to enforce a consistent look-and-feel. Some of these conventions apply to the code format itself, and others to the standard typographic rendering of Eiffel code in formats and publications where these conventions are possible. While the language is case-insensitive, the style standards prescribe the use of all-capitals for class names (codice_116), all-lower-case for feature names (codice_7), and initial capitals for constants (codice_118). The recommended style also suggests underscore to

title: The Hostage Tower

text: "Fear Is the Key". Maclean decided to focus on American television. He wrote a 120 page novella called "Air Force One is Down" about top executives of various old companies travelling in Air Force one when it is hijacked. The idea was turned down by NBC. Maclean then pitched a number of new ideas to networks, each with a 25-30 page treatment. "The Hostage Tower" was approved by CBS. The network did request the Eiffel Tower be changed to the Statue of Liberty but Maclean refused, feeling the tower was essential. Filming took six weeks starting in October 1979. The

title: Tokyo Tower

text: Despite being taller than the Eiffel Tower, Tokyo Tower only weighs about 4,000 tons, 3,300 tons less than the Eiffel Tower. While other towers have since surpassed Tokyo Tower's height, the structure was still the tallest artificial structure in Japan until April 2010, when the new Tokyo Skytree became the tallest structure in Japan. It was opened to the public on 23 December 1958 at a final cost of ¥2.8 billion ($8.4 million in 1958). Tokyo Tower was mortgaged for ¥10 billion in 2000. Planned as an antenna for telecommunications and brightly colored in accordance with the time's Aviation Law,

title: Eiffel (programming language)

text: machine- and operating-system level operations in C. Eiffel provides a straightforward interface to C routines, including support for "inline C" (writing the body of an Eiffel routine in C, typically for short machine-level operations). Although there is no direct connection between Eiffel and C, many Eiffel compilers (Visual Eiffel is one exception) output C source code as an intermediate language, to submit to a C compiler, for optimizing and portability. As such, they are examples of transcompilers. The Eiffel Compiler tecomp can execute Eiffel code directly (like an interpreter) without going via an intermediate C code or emit C code

title: Eiffel Tower

text: signs for Citroën adorned three of the tower's sides, making it the tallest advertising space in the world at the time. In April 1935, the tower was used to make experimental low-resolution television transmissions, using a shortwave transmitter of 200 watts power. On 17 November, an improved 180-line transmitter was installed. On two separate but related occasions in 1925, the con artist Victor Lustig "sold" the tower for scrap metal. A year later, in February 1926, pilot Leon Collet was killed trying to fly under the tower. His aircraft became entangled in an aerial belonging to a wireless station. A

title: Eiffel Flats

text: Eiffel Flats Eiffel Flats is a village in the province of Mashonaland West, Zimbabwe. It is located about 7 km east of Kadoma. The village began in 1905 as a residential township for the Cam and Motor gold mine, operated by Rio Tinto Group, now Rio Zim. The original mines are now closed. Wiridzayi Nguruve, who in 1982 became the first Commissioner of the Zimbabwe Republic Police, was the member in charge of Eiffel Flats Police Station as a Sub Inspector, in the mid-1970s. Eiffel Flat's economy is based around mining and metals, with Cam and Motor, historically the largest