query: Who was the architect who designed the Empire State Building?

title: Empire State Building

text: Empire State Building The Empire State Building is a 102-story Art Deco skyscraper in Midtown Manhattan, New York City. Designed by Shreve, Lamb & Harmon and completed in 1931, the building has a roof height of and stands a total of tall, including its antenna. Its name is derived from "Empire State", the nickname of New York, which is of unknown origin. the building is the 5th-tallest completed skyscraper in the United States and the 28th-tallest in the world. It is also the 6th-tallest freestanding structure in the Americas. The site of the Empire State Building, located on the west

title: Empire State Building

text: ESRT began trading publicly on the New York Stock Exchange on October 2, 2013. Empire State Building The Empire State Building is a 102-story Art Deco skyscraper in Midtown Manhattan, New York City. Designed by Shreve, Lamb & Harmon and completed in 1931, the building has a roof height of and stands a total of tall, including its antenna. Its name is derived from "Empire State", the nickname of New York, which is of unknown origin. the building is the 5th-tallest completed skyscraper in the United States and the 28th-tallest in the world. It is also the 6th-tallest freestanding structure

title: Empire State Building

text: was announced to the public in August 1929. Empire State Inc. contracted William F. Lamb, of architectural firm Shreve, Lamb and Harmon, to create the building design. Lamb produced the building drawings in just two weeks using the firm's earlier designs for the Reynolds Building in Winston-Salem, North Carolina as the basis. Concurrently, Lamb's partner Richmond Shreve created "bug diagrams" of the project requirements. The 1916 Zoning Act forced Lamb to design a structure that incorporated setbacks resulting in the lower floors being larger than the upper floors. Consequently, the tower was designed from the top down, giving it a

title: Empire State Building

text: a 2007 survey, the American Institute of Architects found that the Empire State Building was "America's favorite building". The building was originally a symbol of hope in a country devastated by the Depression, as well as a work of accomplishment by newer immigrants. The writer Benjamin Flowers states that the Empire State was "a building intended to celebrate a new America, built by men (both clients and construction workers) who were themselves new Americans." The architectural critic Jonathan Glancey refers to the building as an "icon of American design". The Empire State Building has been hailed as an example of

title: The Boy Who Was

text: in history, connected only by Nino's involvement. Chapter 3, "Poseidon and the Greeks", covers the building of the temple of Poseidon in Paestum. Chapter 4, "The Romans and the Volcano", tells of the destruction of Pompeii. Chapter 5, "The Last of the Goths", is a highly romanticized view of the fall of the Ostrogothic kingdom in southern Italy which followed the western Roman empire and was in turn followed by the Lombards. Chapter 6, "The Normans and the Saracens", has Nino telling Robert Guiscard's army about a group of Norman soldiers sixty years earlier who repelled a Saracen pirate attack

title: Empire State Building

text: the legitimate owners, who at that time were Empire State Land Associates. The building's public areas received a $550 million renovation in 2009 (see ). The building received new air conditioning, waterproofing, a renovated observation deck and lobby, and a relocated 80th-floor gift shop. This included $120 million of energy efficient upgrades, which allowed the building to receive a gold Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) rating in September 2011. The new One World Trade Center surpassed the Empire State Building as the tallest LEED-certified building when it opened in 2014. The height of the Empire State Building, to

title: Empire State Building

text: The 40 Wall Street tower was revised, in April 1929, from to making it the world's tallest. The Chrysler Building added its steel tip to its roof in October 1929, thus bringing it to a height of and greatly exceeding the height of 40 Wall Street. The Chrysler Building's developer, Walter Chrysler, realized that his tower's height would exceed the Empire State Building's as well, having instructed his architect, William Van Alen, to change the Chrysler's original roof from a stubby Romanesque dome to a narrow steel spire. Raskob, wishing to have the Empire State Building be the world's tallest,

title: Empire State Building

text: instead of suing the developer, the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey. Even though the nine stations who were broadcasting from the Empire State Building were leasing their broadcast space until 1984, most of these stations moved to the World Trade Center as soon as it was completed in 1971. The broadcasters obtained a court order stipulating that the Port Authority had to build a mast and transmission equipment in the North Tower, as well as pay the broadcasters' leases in the Empire State Building until 1984. Only a few broadcasters renewed their leases in the Empire State

title: Empire State Building

text: the building, John Tauranac writes that the first documented appearance of the tower in popular culture was "Swiss Family Manhattan", a 1932 children's story by Christopher Morley. A year later, the film "King Kong" depicted Kong, a large stop motion ape that climbs the Empire State Building, bringing the building into the popular imagination. Later movies such as "An Affair to Remember" (1957), "Sleepless in Seattle" (1993), and "Independence Day" (1996) also featured the building. The building has also been featured in other works, such as "Daleks in Manhattan", a 2007 episode of the TV series "Doctor Who"; and "Empire",

title: Empire State Building

text: with". The historian John Tauranac calls the tower "'the' twentieth-century New York building", despite the existence of taller and more modernist buildings. Early in the building's history, travel companies such as Short Line Motor Coach Service and New York Central Railroad used the building as an icon to symbolize the city. After the construction of the first World Trade Center, architect Paul Goldberger noted that the Empire State Building "is famous for being tall, but it is good enough to be famous for being good." As an icon of the United States, it is also very popular among Americans. In

title: 2012 Empire State Building shooting

text: 2012 Empire State Building shooting On August 24, 2012, a gunman shot and killed a former co-worker outside the Empire State Building in Manhattan, New York City. Following the initial shooting, the gunman, 58-year-old Jeffrey T. Johnson, was fatally shot by police officers after raising his weapon at them. Nine bystanders were wounded by stray bullets fired by the officers and ricocheting debris, but none suffered life-threatening injuries. On Friday, August 24, 2012, at approximately 9:03 a.m. EDT, at the 33rd Street side of the Empire State Building, Jeffrey Johnson, a clothing designer who had been laid off, emerged from

title: Empire State Building

text: 54 local elevators), and eight were for freight deliveries. The elevators were designed to move at . At the time of the skyscraper's construction, their practical speed was limited to as per city law, but this limit was removed shortly after the building opened. Additional elevators connect the 80th floor to the six floors above it, as the six extra floors were built after the original 80 stories were approved. The elevators were mechanically operated until 2011, when they were replaced with digital elevators during the $550 million renovation of the building. The Empire State Building has 73 elevators in

title: Empire State Building

text: executive, John J. Raskob, members of the du Pont family, and former New York governor Al Smith, who was tasked with heading the corporation. The original design of the Empire State Building was for a 50-story office building. However, after fifteen revisions, the final design was for an 86-story 1,250-foot building, with an airship mast on top. This ensured it would be the world's tallest building, beating the Chrysler Building and 40 Wall Street, two other Manhattan skyscrapers under construction at the time that were also vying for that distinction. Demolition of the Waldorf–Astoria began in October 1929, and the

title: Empire State Building

text: master lease by taking it from Empire State Building Associates. Upon Harry Helmsley's death in 1997, the Malkins sued Helmsley's widow, Leona Helmsley, for ownership of the building. With the destruction of the World Trade Center in the September 11 attacks in 2001, the Empire State Building again became the tallest building in New York City, but was only the second-tallest building in the Americas after the Willis Tower in Chicago. As a result of the attacks, transmissions from nearly all of the city's commercial television and FM radio stations were again broadcast from the Empire State Building. The attacks

title: Empire State Building

text: a large stop motion ape named Kong climbing the Empire State Building, made the still-new building into a cinematic icon. On July 28, 1945, a B-25 Mitchell bomber crashed into the north side of the Empire State Building, between the 79th and 80th floors. One engine completely penetrated the building and landed in a neighboring block, while the other engine and part of the landing gear plummeted down an elevator shaft. Fourteen people were killed in the incident, but the building escaped severe damage and was reopened two days later. The Empire State Building only started becoming profitable in the

title: Empire State Building

text: 110 stories, taller than the Empire State. Opponents of the new project included prominent real-estate developer Robert Tishman, as well as Wien's Committee for a Reasonable World Trade Center. In response to Wein's opposition, Port Authority executive director Austin J. Tobin said that Wein was only opposing the project because it would overshadow his Empire State Building as the world's tallest building. The World Trade Center's twin towers started construction in 1966. The following year, the Ostankino Tower succeeded the Empire State Building as the tallest freestanding structure in the world. In 1970, the Empire State surrendered its position as

title: Empire State Building

text: Sinatra in 1998, for example, the building was bathed in blue light to represent the singer's nickname "Ol' Blue Eyes". After actress Fay Wray, who starred in "King Kong", died in September 2004, the building lights were extinguished for 15 minutes. The floodlights bathed the building in red, white, and blue for several months after the destruction of the World Trade Center in September 2001, then reverted to the standard schedule. On June 4, 2002, the Empire State Building donned purple and gold (the royal colors of Elizabeth II), in thanks for the United Kingdom playing the Star Spangled Banner

title: Empire State Building

text: described the Empire State Building as one of the "seven wonders of engineering". It has often been called the Eighth Wonder of the World as well, an appellation that it has held since shortly after opening. The panels installed in the lobby in 1963 reflected this, showing the seven original wonders alongside the Empire State Building. As an icon of New York City, the Empire State Building has been featured in various films, books, TV shows, and video games. According to the building's official website, more than 250 movies contain depictions of the Empire State Building. In his book about

title: The Princess Who Was Hidden Underground

text: The Princess Who Was Hidden Underground The Princess Who Was Hidden Underground is a German fairy tale. Andrew Lang included it in "The Violet Fairy Book". In a far away kingdom there once was a king who had three sons. The king divided his property; the older two squandered theirs and soon had nothing, but the youngest son was prudent, and soon became rich. He had an underground castle built, but killed the architect and had his daughter imprisoned; the youngest son decreed that whoever could find her would marry her, but whoever tried and failed would die. Many died

title: Old State Mutual Building

text: The bays are divided by Ionic pilasters, and the rooftop is crowned by an iron railing. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980. Old State Mutual Building The Old State Mutual Building is an historic commercial building at 240 Main Street in Worcester, Massachusetts. It served as the offices of the State Mutual Life Assurance Company from its construction in 1870 until 1897. Designed by Boston architect Charles B. Atwood, it is one of a few surviving Second Empire commercial buildings in the city. The granite building is four stories high, the last of

title: Empire State Building

text: for the construction of the building. The plan was to start construction later that year but, on October 24, the New York Stock Exchange suffered a sudden crash marking the beginning of the decade-long Great Depression. Despite the economic downturn, Raskob refused to cancel the project because of the progress that had been made up to that point. Neither Raskob, who had ceased speculation in the stock market the previous year, nor Smith, who had no stock investments, suffered financially in the crash. However, most of the investors were affected and as a result, in December 1929, Empire State Inc.

title: Empire State Building

text: proposed floor space near "one of the busiest sections in the world". While plans for the Empire State Building were being finalized, an intense competition in New York for the title of "world's tallest building" was underway. 40 Wall Street (then the Bank of Manhattan Building) and the Chrysler Building in Manhattan both vied for this distinction and were already under construction when work began on the Empire State Building. The "Race into the Sky", as popular media called it at the time, was representative of the country's optimism in the 1920s, fueled by the building boom in major cities.

title: Empire State Building

text: the world's tallest building, when the still under construction North Tower of the World Trade Center surpassed it, on October 19; the North Tower was topped out, on December 23, 1970. In December 1975, the observation deck was opened on the 110th floor of the Twin Towers, significantly higher than the 86th floor observatory on the Empire state. The Empire State Building was also losing revenue during this period, particularly as a number of broadcast stations had moved to the World Trade Center in 1971; although the Port Authority continued to pay the broadcasting leases for the Empire State until

title: The building of the State Bank (Rostov-on-Don)

text: heraldic composition was restored on it and the sign THE STATE BANK OFFICE was restored The building of the State Bank (Rostov-on-Don) The building of the State Bank is a building in Rostov-on-Don, constructed in 1915 upon the project of architect M. M. Peretyatkovich. Initially, the office of the State Bank of the Russian Empire was situated in the building. Nowadays Rostov affiliate of Central Bank is placed there. It has the status of an object of cultural heritage of regional significance. At the beginning of the 20th century, the office of the State Bank was located in a two-story

text: The building of the State Bank (Rostov-on-Don) The building of the State Bank is a building in Rostov-on-Don, constructed in 1915 upon the project of architect M. M. Peretyatkovich. Initially, the office of the State Bank of the Russian Empire was situated in the building. Nowadays Rostov affiliate of Central Bank is placed there. It has the status of an object of cultural heritage of regional significance. At the beginning of the 20th century, the office of the State Bank was located in a two-story building on the corner of Bolshaya Sadovaya Street and Sredny Prospekt (now Sokolova Avenue). There

title: Old State Mutual Building

text: Old State Mutual Building The Old State Mutual Building is an historic commercial building at 240 Main Street in Worcester, Massachusetts. It served as the offices of the State Mutual Life Assurance Company from its construction in 1870 until 1897. Designed by Boston architect Charles B. Atwood, it is one of a few surviving Second Empire commercial buildings in the city. The granite building is four stories high, the last of which is under a mansard roof. It is three window bays wide, with a slightly projecting central bay, which is topped at the third floor by a small pediment.

title: Empire State Building

text: to interference from other nearby towers. In comparison, the Congressional report stated that the former Twin Towers had very few buildings of comparable height nearby thus signals suffered little interference. In 2003, a few FM stations were relocated to the nearby Condé Nast Building to reduce the number of broadcast stations using the Empire State Building. Eleven television stations and twenty-two FM stations had signed 15-year leases in the building by May 2003. It was expected that a taller broadcast tower in Bayonne, New Jersey, or Governors Island, would be built in the meantime with the Empire State Building being

title: Empire State Building

text: take ownership of the building itself so he could renovate it, even though Helmsley and Malkin had already started their refurbishment project. He sued Empire State Building Associates in February 1995, claiming that the latter had caused the building to become a "high-rise slum" and a "second-rate, rodent-infested" office tower. Trump had intended to have Empire State Building Associates evicted for violating the terms of their lease, but was denied. this led to Helmsley's companies countersuing Trump in May. This sparked a series of lawsuits and countersuits that lasted several years, partly arising from Trump's desire to obtain the building's

title: Empire State Building

text: 25 times in winds. The airship then attempted to dock at the mast, but its ballast spilled and the craft was rocked by unpredictable eddies. The near-disaster scuttled plans to turn the building's spire into an airship terminal, although one blimp did manage to make a single newspaper delivery afterward. In 1932, the Fifth Avenue Association gave the tower its 1931 "gold medal" for architectural excellence, signifying that the Empire State had been the best-designed building on Fifth Avenue to open in 1931. A year later, on March 2, 1933, the movie "King Kong" was released. The movie, which depicted

title: Louisiana State Bank Building

text: Louisiana State Bank Building Louisiana State Bank Building is a historic commercial building at Royal and Conti Streets in the French Quarter of New Orleans, Louisiana. Built in 1820, it was the last structure designed by nationally prominent architect Benjamin Henry Latrobe, who died from yellow fever in New Orleans before its construction. It has also been known as the Manheim Galleries building, from a long-time tenant. More recently, it has housed "Latrobe's", an event venue. It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1983. The Louisiana State Bank Building is located west of Jackson Square, at the northern corner

title: Empire State Building

text: Building. The September 11 attacks in 2001 destroyed the World Trade Center and the broadcast centers atop it, leaving most of the city's stations without a station for ten days until a temporary tower was built in Alpine, New Jersey. By October 2001, nearly all of the city's commercial broadcast stations (both television and FM radio) were again transmitting from the top of the Empire State Building. In a report that Congress commissioned about the transition from analog television to digital television, it was stated that the placement of broadcast stations in the Empire State Building was considered "problematic" due

title: Empire State Building

text: ending the great New York City skyscraper rivalry. At the time, most engineers agreed that it would be difficult to build a building taller than , even with the hardy Manhattan bedrock as a foundation. (Technically, it was believed possible to build a tower of up to , but it was deemed uneconomical to do so, especially during the Great Depression.) As the tallest building in the world, at that time, and the first one to exceed 100 floors, the Empire State Building became an icon of the city and, ultimately, of the nation. The Empire State Building's opening coincided

title: Empire State Building

text: President Herbert Hoover officially opened the Empire State Building to the public, remotely pressing a button that illuminated the building's iconic lights. Despite the publicity surrounding the building's construction, its owners failed to make a profit until the early 1950s. However, since its opening, the building's Art Deco architecture and open-air observation deck has made it a popular tourist attraction, with around 4 million visitors from around the world visiting the building's 86th and 102nd floor observatories every year. Since the mid-2010s, the Empire State Building has been undergoing improvements to improve access to its observation decks. The Empire State

title: Empire State Building

text: also led to an increase in security due to persistent terror threats against New York City landmarks. In 2002, Trump and Yokoi sold their land claim to the Empire State Building Associates, now headed by Malkin, in a $57.5 million sale. This action merged the building's title and lease for the first time in half a century. Despite the lingering threat posed by the 9/11 attacks, the Empire State Building remained popular with 3.5 million visitors to the observatories in 2004, compared to about 2.8 million in 2003. Leona Helmsley's remaining share in the building was bought by Peter Malkin's

title: The Chase (Doctor Who)

text: threatening them. The Mire Beasts soon reappear, killing the Aridian Malsan who was holding the party prisoner in preparation for the handover. The Doctor and his friends flee in the confusion and manage to evade a Dalek scout and get back to the TARDIS. There now follows a chase through time and space, with the Dalek vessel determined to track down and exterminate the Doctor and his friends. The Daleks are but fifteen minutes behind and the gap is closing. The first stop is the top of the Empire State Building in New York City in 1966. The Doctor then

title: The Chase (Doctor Who)

text: Assassin" (1976) and Vogel in "Revelation of the Daleks" (1985). He also played Roderick Allingham in the audio play "The Fearmonger". Dennis Chinnery later played Gharman in "Genesis of the Daleks" (1975) and Sylvest in "The Twin Dilemma" (1984). Roger Hammond later played Dr. Runciman in "Mawdryn Undead" (1983) and Harold Withers in the audio play "The Eternal Summer". Morton Dill, the young man from Alabama whom the travellers meet at the top of the Empire State Building, was played by Peter Purves, who would appear in the last episode as Steven Taylor. Earlier drafts of the story used the

title: Empire State Building

text: Willis Tower in Chicago. The Empire State Building remained the tallest building in New York until the new One World Trade Center reached a greater height in April 2012. , it is the fourth-tallest building in New York City after One World Trade Center, 432 Park Avenue, and 30 Hudson Yards. It is the fifth-tallest completed skyscraper in the United States behind the two other tallest buildings in New York City, as well as the Willis Tower and Trump International Hotel and Tower in Chicago. The Empire State Building is the 28th-tallest in the world , the tallest being Burj

title: Empire State Building

text: 1984. By 1980, there were nearly two million annual visitors, although a building official had previously estimated between 1.5 million and 1.75 million annual visitors. The building received its own ZIP code in May 1980 in a roll out of 63 new postal codes in Manhattan. At the time, the tenants of the tower collectively received 35,000 pieces of mail daily. The Empire State Building celebrated its 50th anniversary on May 1, 1981, with a much-publicized, but poorly received, laser light show, as well as an "Empire State Building Week" that ran through to May 8. The New York City

title: Empire State Building

text: of "corporate flak" into "exhilarating art". These images were later organized into their own collection. Onlookers were enraptured by the sheer height at which the steelworkers operated. "New York" magazine wrote of the steelworkers: "Like little spiders they toiled, spinning a fabric of steel against the sky". The Empire State Building was officially opened on May 1, 1931, forty five days ahead of its projected opening date, by United States President Herbert Hoover, who turned on the building's lights with the ceremonial button push from Washington, D.C.. Over 350 guests attended the opening ceremony, and following luncheon, at the 86th

title: Empire State Building

text: had its first ever synchronized light show, using music from recording artist Alicia Keys. The building's owners adhere to strict standards in using the lights; for instance, they do not use the lights to play advertisements. The longest world record held by the Empire State Building was for the tallest skyscraper (to structural height), which it held for 42 years until it was surpassed by the North Tower of the World Trade Center in October 1970. The Empire State Building was also the tallest man-made structure in the world before it was surpassed by the Griffin Television Tower Oklahoma (KWTV

title: Empire State Building

text: to allow sunlight to reach the streets as well. Normally, a building of the Empire State's dimensions would be permitted to build up to 12 stories on the Fifth Avenue side, and up to 17 stories on the 33rd/34th Streets side, before it would have to utilize setbacks. However, the setbacks were arranged such that the largest setback was on the sixth floor, above the five-floor "base", so the rest of the building above the sixth floor would have a facade of uniform shape. The Empire State Building was the first building to have more than 100 floors. It has

title: Empire State Building

text: Seven Wonders of the Modern World by the American Society of Civil Engineers. The Empire State Building and its ground-floor interior have been designated as a city landmark by the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission, and were confirmed as such by the New York City Board of Estimate. It was also designated a National Historic Landmark in 1986, and was ranked number one on the American Institute of Architects' List of America's Favorite Architecture in 2007. The Empire State Building is located on the west side of Fifth Avenue in Manhattan, between 33rd and 34th Streets. The tenants' main

title: Empire State Building

text: been laid off from his job in 2011. Two police officers confronted the gunman, and he aimed his firearm at them. They responded by firing 16 shots, killing him but also wounding nine bystanders. Most of the injured were hit by bullet fragments, although three took direct hits from bullets. As the tallest building in the world and the first one to exceed 100 floors, the Empire State Building immediately became an icon of the city and of the nation. In 2013, "Time" magazine noted that the Empire State Building "seems to completely embody the city it has become synonymous

title: Empire State Building

text: used as a "backup" since signal transmissions from the building were generally of poorer quality. With the completion of 1 World Trade Center, some TV Stations began moving their transmitting facilities to 1 World Trade Center, while others, including WABC-TV remained at the Empire State Building, with no plans to consider a move to the new tower. , the Empire State Building is home to the following stations: The 86th and 102nd floors contain observatories, which see a combined average of 4 million visitors per year. Since opening, the observatories have been more popular than similar observatories at 30 Rockefeller

title: State National Bank Building

text: State National Bank Building The State National Bank Building is a high-rise office building located at 412 Main Street in downtown Houston, Texas. Designed by architect Alfred Charles Finn, the building was built in 1923 in the Spanish colonial style. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on August 11, 1982. The State National Bank Building was designed by local architect Alfred C. Finn (1883–1964). Lacking formal training, he came to Houston while working as a draftsman for Sanguinet & Staats of Fort Worth. He stayed with the firm’s Houston office for about a year, contributing to

title: Empire State Building

text: by 1953. From 1951, six broadcasters agreed to pay a combined $600,000 per year for the use of the antenna. In 1965, a separate set of FM antennae was constructed ringing the 103rd floor observation area to act as a master antenna. The placement of the stations in the Empire State Building became a major issue with the construction of the World Trade Center Twin Towers in the late 1960s, and early 1970s. The greater height of the Twin Towers would reflect radio waves broadcast from the Empire State Building, eventually resulting in some broadcasters relocating to the newer towers

title: Empire State Building

text: as well as from buildings on 42nd Street, which, when combined with the Empire State Building, resulted in surplus of office space in a slow market. Aggressive marketing efforts served to reinforce the Empire State Building's status as the world's tallest. The observatory was advertised in local newspapers as well as on railroad tickets. The building became a popular tourist attraction, with one million people each paying one dollar to ride elevators to the observation decks in 1931. In its first year of operation, the observation deck made approximately $2 million in revenue, as much as its owners made in

text: was not enough room for it, so they had to rent some additional premises. Then it was decided to build a new building instead of the old one. The project of the office building of the State Bank was designed by architect M. M. Peretyatkovich in 1910. Initially, the process of calculations and the preparation of working drawings was ruled by the architect S.V. Popilin, but he was soon pushed aside because of his tardiness. Then Peretyatkovich chose a Rostov civil engineer PA Tarachkov as an assistant. A.P. Butkov was a technical consultant . In September 1912 Peretyatkovich came to

title: The Woman Who Was Forgotten

text: presents her with a check. Miss Miller’s former students make plans to have her over for dinner, but she stays until she can be alone in the building again, writing an inspirational quote on the chalkboard one last time before leaving. “The Woman Who Was Forgotten” was originally published in "The American Magazine" in 1926. Following its publication, the National Education Association reprinted it in the "National Education Association Journal". When the film rights to the story were sold, Aldrich donated a part of the proceeds to a Washington D.C. home for retired teachers. An early sound-era film adaptation, also

title: The Boy Who Was

text: The Boy Who Was The Boy Who Was is a children's historical fantasy novel by Grace Taber Hallock. It tells the story of a human boy blessed with eternal life who participates in the march of history as it moves across the Bay of Naples for 3,000 years. Nino witnesses the destruction of Pompeii, the sack of Rome, the Children's Crusade, and the coming of Garibaldi. The novel, illustrated by Harrie Wood, was first published in 1928 and was a Newbery Honor recipient in 1929. In the Prologue, an unnamed artist visiting the town of Sorrento, Italy, encounters a young

title: Empire State Building

text: Madison Square Garden on Seventh Avenue between 32nd and 34th Streets, and the Flower District on 28th Street between Sixth and Seventh Avenues. The nearest New York City Subway stations are 34th Street–Herald Square at Sixth Avenue and Broadway, one block west, and 33rd Street at Park Avenue, two blocks east. There is also a PATH station at 33rd Street and Sixth Avenue. To the east of the Empire State Building is Murray Hill, a neighborhood with a mix of residential, commercial, and entertainment. One block east of the Empire State Building, on Madison Avenue at 34th Street, is the

title: The Boy Who Was

text: Chapter 10, "The Bandits", tells how Nino arranges for an Italian Prince to be captured by the Carbonari and brought into sympathy with their cause. The "Epilogue" which follows is a short poem addressed to Nino by the author, which brings the book to a close. The Boy Who Was The Boy Who Was is a children's historical fantasy novel by Grace Taber Hallock. It tells the story of a human boy blessed with eternal life who participates in the march of history as it moves across the Bay of Naples for 3,000 years. Nino witnesses the destruction of Pompeii,

title: Empire State Building

text: . A December 1930 feature in "Popular Mechanics" estimated that a building with the Empire State's dimensions would still stand even if hit with an impact of . The Empire State Building design featured one major setback and several smaller ones that reduce the level dimensions as the height increases, thus making upper 81 floors much smaller than the lower five floors. However, this design allows sunlight to illuminate the interiors of the top floors and, in addition, positions these floors away from the noisy streets below. This design was mandated as per the 1916 Zoning Resolution, which was intended

title: Who owns the state?

text: 2018 Latvian parliamentary election was attorney Aldis Gobzems. KPV LV received the second largest number of votes (14.25%) among the parties participating in the 2018 Latvian parliamentary election and earned 16 seats in the 13th Saeima. After Jānis Bordāns of New Conservative Party (which also earned 16 seats in parliament) was unsuccessful in negotiating a governing coalition, President Raimonds Vējonis nominated Gobzems as Prime Minister of Latvia on November 26th, 2018, however Gobzems was also unsuccessful in forming a government and on December 10 Vējonis withdrew his candidacy. Who owns the state? Who owns the state? or Whom does the

title: The Duck Who Never Was

text: Bin to use the telephone where he finds his Grandma who tells him that she sold the farm to Gyro because she could not run it alone (Gus Goose never worked for her) and that Daisy Duck bought this building from Scrooge years ago to use it as her printing plant: She is now a wealthy novelist, having started writing romance novels to fill her lonely life. A haggard Daisy appears, looking like a diva wearing tons of makeup. She throws Donald outside (pummeling him with empty bottles, subtly suggesting that in this reality, she has become an alcoholic). Donald

title: Empire of the Air: The Men Who Made Radio

text: Empire of the Air: The Men Who Made Radio Empire of the Air: The Men Who Made Radio is a non-fiction book by Tom Lewis, a history of radio in the United States, published by HarperCollins in 1991. The book was adapted into both a 1992 documentary film by Ken Burns and a 1992 radio drama written and directed by David Ossman. The source of the title is from a quote by Lee DeForest. Ken Burns' documentary first aired on PBS on January 29, 1992, narrated by actor Jason Robards. The film focused primarily on the three pioneers of radio

title: Who owns the state?

text: Who owns the state? Who owns the state? or Whom does the country belong to? () is a populist and anti-establishment party in Latvia. It was founded by former Latvian Association of Regions deputy of the Saeima, and since December 2015 independent politician, Artuss Kaimiņš. Initially known as just KPV, it was renamed to KPV LV on June 21, 2016, as an association by the same name already existed. In July 2018, the party experienced a steep rise in ratings, reaching 7.0%, in comparison with 4.4% just a month before, and became the third most popular political party in Latvia.

title: Empire State Building

text: 1961, the same year that Helmsley, Wien, and Malkin had purchased the Empire State Building, the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey formally backed plans for a new World Trade Center in Lower Manhattan. The plan originally included 66-story twin towers with column-free open spaces. The Empire State's owners and real estate speculators were worried that the twin towers' of office space would create a glut of rentable space in Manhattan as well as take away the Empire State Building's profits from lessees. A revision in the World Trade Center's plan brought the twin towers to each or

title: Andrew Johnson (architect)

text: changed to Andrew Johnson. He first settled in a Swedish-American community in Evanston, Illinois. About 1870, he moved to Sardis, Mississippi where he became associated with James B. Cook, an English-trained architect who had moved from London to Memphis, Tennessee in 1855. Johnson served as contractor building the Second Empire style Panola County Courthouse that Cook designed and was built in 1873 and as contractor on at least two other buildings. Johnson and Cook collaborated on at least two other buildings. Andrew Johnson (architect) Andrew Johnson (February 18, 1844 – July 29, 1921) was a Swedish–American architect and contractor He

title: The Boy Who Was

text: goatherd named Nino, who agrees to pose for a sketch in return for the artist's help in painting some figurines Nino has carved. These figurines represent historical figures from the past 3,000 years of the area's history, beginning with Odysseus and the Sirens, and ending with Giuseppe Garibaldi. Chapter 1, "Siren Songs", and chapter 2, "Song of Odysseus", set up the premise of the book: 3,000 years ago, Nino was befriended by a siren who gave him the gift of eternal life and health in thanks for his friendship. The rest of the book consists of stories from various points

title: The Boy Who Was

text: on Salerno. Chapter 7, "The Crusader", is about the Children's Crusade from two viewpoints: that of a minstrel who has heard the tale and retells it at a great feast, and that of the young boy who led the crusade, whom Nino befriends. Chapter 8, "Students of Salerno", is about John of Procida and his diplomatic and spying work in favor of the Hohenstaufen rulers of southern Italy against Charles of Anjou's French. Chapter 9, "Redbeard and Saint Andrew", tells about a raid of the Muslim privateer Barbarossa on Amalfi, and how the town was saved by a miraculous storm.

title: Empire State Building

text: Building stood as the world's tallest building for nearly 40 years until the completion of the World Trade Center's North Tower in Lower Manhattan in late 1970. Following the September 11 attacks in 2001, it was again the tallest building in New York until the new One World Trade Center was completed in April 2012. The Empire State Building is an American cultural icon and has been featured in more than 250 TV shows and movies since the film "King Kong" was released in 1933. A symbol of New York City, the tower has been named as one of the

title: Markham Building

text: England in 1873 . He set up a successful outfitter's business and in 1895 he then decided to open a branch in Johannesburg. After Henry's death his son in law took over the business. The Markhams Building was designed by George Ransome, a Cape Town architect who had previously designed the Cape Town Markhams store. The building features a Second Empire style roof, quite unique in Johannesburg. The plate steeply slanted plate metal roofing and porthole windows give the building a Parisian feel. Markham Building The Markham Building is a building in Johannesburg, South Africa, which when completed in 1897

title: Empire State Building

text: with the Great Depression in the United States, and as a result much of its office space was vacant from its opening. In the first year, only 23% of the available space was rented, as compared to the early 1920s, where the average building would have occupancy of 52% upon opening and 90% rented within five years. The lack of renters led New Yorkers to deride the building as the "Empty State Building". Jack Brod, one of the building's longest resident tenants, co-established the Empire Diamond Corporation with his father in the building in mid-1931 and rented space in the

title: Empire State Building

text: inside the building ensured that materials would be able to ascend quickly and without endangering or inconveniencing the public. At one point, over 200 trucks made material deliveries at the building site every day. A series of relay and erection derricks, placed on platforms erected near the building, lifted the steel from the trucks below and installed the beams at the appropriate locations. The Empire State Building was structurally completed on April 11, 1931, twelve days ahead of schedule and 410 days after construction commenced. Al Smith shot the final rivet, which was made of solid gold. The project involved

title: Empire State Building

text: designed to handle all of the building's gravitational stresses and wind loads. The exterior of the building is clad in Indiana limestone panels sourced from the Empire Mill in Sanders, Indiana, which give the building its signature blonde color. The limestone facade, which is lined with vertical steel mullions parallel to each window, also helps to increase the stiffness of the steel frame against high winds. The amount of material used in the building's construction resulted in a very stiff structure when compared to other skyscrapers, with a structural stiffness of versus the Willis Tower's and the John Hancock Center's

title: The Woman Who Was Forgotten

text: The Woman Who Was Forgotten “The Woman Who Was Forgotten” is a short story by Bess Streeter Aldrich first published in 1926. It is about a retired high school teacher who realizes that she will not be able to support herself at the same time that she discovers that the high school where she spent her career is slated to be torn down. On a last visit to the old high school, she is surprised by her former students who, unbeknownst to her, have raised money on her behalf. The movie, "The Woman Who Was Forgotten", based on the short

title: The Woman Who Was Forgotten

text: a high school. The Woman Who Was Forgotten “The Woman Who Was Forgotten” is a short story by Bess Streeter Aldrich first published in 1926. It is about a retired high school teacher who realizes that she will not be able to support herself at the same time that she discovers that the high school where she spent her career is slated to be torn down. On a last visit to the old high school, she is surprised by her former students who, unbeknownst to her, have raised money on her behalf. The movie, "The Woman Who Was Forgotten", based

title: Empire State Building

text: delivered; they would support a combined when the building was finished. The structural steel was pre-ordered and pre-fabricated in anticipation of a revision to the city's building code that would have allowed the Empire State Building's structural steel to carry , up from , thus reducing the amount of steel needed for the building. Although the 18,000-psi regulation had been safely enacted in other cities, Mayor Jimmy Walker did not sign the new codes into law until March 26, 1930, just before construction was due to commence. The first steel framework was installed on April 1, 1930. From there, construction

title: Empire State Building in popular culture

text: artwork. Empire State Building in popular culture The Empire State Building is a 102-story skyscraper on Fifth Avenue between West 33rd and 34th Streets in Midtown, Manhattan, New York City. It has a roof height of 1,250 feet (381 m), and with its antenna included, it stands a total of tall. The Empire State Building stood as the world's tallest building for nearly 40 years, from its completion in early 1931 until the topping out of the original World Trade Center's North Tower in late 1970. It has been featured in numerous films, TV shows, songs, video games, books, photographs,

text: Empire State Building in popular culture The Empire State Building is a 102-story skyscraper on Fifth Avenue between West 33rd and 34th Streets in Midtown, Manhattan, New York City. It has a roof height of 1,250 feet (381 m), and with its antenna included, it stands a total of tall. The Empire State Building stood as the world's tallest building for nearly 40 years, from its completion in early 1931 until the topping out of the original World Trade Center's North Tower in late 1970. It has been featured in numerous films, TV shows, songs, video games, books, photographs, and

title: Albany City Savings Bank Building

text: Albany City Savings Bank Building The Albany City Savings Bank Building, also known as the Home and City Savings Bank, is located at 100 State Street and was the first skyscraper built in Albany, New York. It is the city's 11th tallest building today. It is a ten-story brick, granite, and terra-cotta structure located within the City of Albany's Central Business District. Designed by the famed architect Marcus T. Reynolds, 100 State Street is a mixed-use retail and office building. The original building located at 100 State Street was designed in 1901 by architect Marcus T. Reynolds, who has been

title: The Egg (building)

text: The Egg (building) The Egg is a performing arts venue in Albany, New York. Named for its shape, the building was designed by Harrison & Abramovitz as part of the Empire State Plaza project, and built between 1966 and 1978. It is located in the northeast corner of the Plaza. It has become an icon of New York's Capital District due to its unusual shape and central location. The New York State Office of General Services maintains the Egg. The Nelson A. Rockefeller Empire State Plaza Performing Arts Center Corporation is a New York state public-benefit corporation that was created

title: The 925 Building

text: foot (88 meters) tall building was designed by the firm of Graham, Anderson, Probst & White, who were also responsible for the design of the Terminal Tower. It was renovated in 1975 under the direction of Cleveland architect Peter van Dijk, and again by Hines Properties in 1991. The building features a rooftop ticket lobby and waiting room designed for dirigible flights to New York and Chicago; the roof was never utilized because of the high winds from Lake Erie. In June 2010 it was purchased for $18.5 million by Optima International, a Miami-based real estate investment firm led by

title: Empire State Building

text: Mast) in 1954, and the tallest freestanding structure in the world until the completion of the Ostankino Tower in 1967. An early-1970s proposal to dismantle the spire and replace it with an additional 11 floors, which would have brought the building's height to 1,494 feet (455 m) and made it once again the world's tallest at the time, was considered but ultimately rejected. With the destruction of the World Trade Center in the September 11 attacks, the Empire State Building again became the tallest building in New York City, and the second-tallest building in the Americas, surpassed only by the

title: Empire State Building

text: floor including Jimmy Walker, Governor Franklin D. Roosevelt, and Al Smith. An account from that day stated that the view from the luncheon was obscured by a fog, with other landmarks such as the Statue of Liberty being "lost in the mist". The building officially opened the next day. Advertisements for the observatories were placed in local newspapers, while nearby hotels also released advertisements that lauded their proximity to the newly opened tower. According to "The New York Times", builders and real estate speculators predicted that the Empire State Building would be the world's tallest building "for many years", thus

title: 1997 Empire State Building shooting

text: was living in New York and played in a band. He was visiting the Empire State Building with bandmate Matthew Gross, who was critically wounded in the attack. The shooter Ali Hassan Abu Kamal was a 69-year-old Palestinian English teacher. He was born in Jaffa in Mandate Palestine on September 19, 1927. He was the son of a refugee family that fled the city during the 1948 Arab-Israeli War and resettled in Gaza. He became a well-respected English teacher at a local high school and a university, and he was also a well-paid tutor and accomplished translator. He earned about

title: 1945 Empire State Building B-25 crash

text: 1945 Empire State Building B-25 crash The Empire State Building B-25 crash was a 1945 aircraft accident in which a B-25 Mitchell bomber, piloted in thick fog over New York City, crashed into the Empire State Building. The accident did not compromise the building's structural integrity, but it did cause fourteen deaths (three crewmen and eleven people in the building) and damage estimated at $1,000,000 ($ in dollars). On Saturday, July 28, 1945, Lieut. Col. William F. Smith Jr. was piloting a B-25 Mitchell bomber on a routine personnel transport mission from Bedford Army Air Field to Newark Airport. Smith

title: The Stark Building

text: The Stark Building The Stark Building, known until 2018 as the The Hartford Trust Company Building, is a 1920 skyscraper located in downtown Hartford, Connecticut. The Hartford Trust Company Building, now known as The Stark Building, was built across from the Old State House in downtown Hartford, CT, and is an example of 1920s Colonial Revival skyscrapers. Incorporating the architectural style based on the classical column, the detailing is meant to link the building stylistically to the Old State House. The building was designed by the firm of Morris & O’Connor and built in 1920. Led by the architect, Benjamin

title: The Who

text: Rutherford. Later that month, the Who announced plans for a world tour with a possible accompanying album. In September, the Who released the song "Be Lucky", which was included on the compilation "The Who Hits 50!" in October. That November, the group released a virtual reality app co-designed by Daltrey's son, Jamie, featuring events and images from the band's history. In June 2015, the Who headlined that year's Hyde Park Festival, and two days later, the Glastonbury Festival. Townshend suggested to "Mojo" that it could be the group's last UK gig. To coincide with The Who's 50th anniversary, all studio

title: Empire State Building

text: Khalifa in Dubai. It is also the sixth-tallest freestanding structure in the Americas behind the five tallest buildings and the CN Tower. , the building houses around 1,000 businesses. Current tenants include: Former tenants include: At 9:40 am on July 28, 1945, a B-25 Mitchell bomber, piloted in thick fog by Lieutenant Colonel William Franklin Smith Jr., crashed into the north side of the Empire State Building between the 79th and 80th floors where the offices of the National Catholic Welfare Council were located. One engine completely penetrated the building, landing on the roof of a nearby building where it

title: Empire State Building

text: 16 million. The computer-controlled system allows the building to be illuminated in ways that were unable to be done previously with plastic gels. For instance, on November 6, 2012, CNN used the top of the Empire State Building as a scoreboard for the 2012 United States presidential election. When incumbent president Barack Obama had reached the 270 electoral votes necessary to win re-election, the lights turned blue, representing the color of Obama's Democratic Party. Had Republican challenger Mitt Romney won, the building would have been lit red, the color of the Republican Party. Also, on November 26, 2012, the building

title: Empire State Building

text: The following year, the American Society of Civil Engineers named the building one of the "Seven Modern Civil Engineering Wonders". In 1961, a group headed by Harry B. Helmsley, Lawrence A. Wien, and Wien's son-in-law Peter L. Malkin gained control of the building for $65 million, which became the new highest price for a single structure. Over 3,000 people paid $10,000 for one share each in a company called Empire State Building Associates. The company in turn subleased the building to another company headed by Helmsley and Wein, raising $33 million of the funds needed to pay the purchase price.

title: 1945 Empire State Building B-25 crash

text: of 1946, as well as the insertion of retroactive provisions into the law, allowing people to sue the government for the accident. 1945 Empire State Building B-25 crash The Empire State Building B-25 crash was a 1945 aircraft accident in which a B-25 Mitchell bomber, piloted in thick fog over New York City, crashed into the Empire State Building. The accident did not compromise the building's structural integrity, but it did cause fourteen deaths (three crewmen and eleven people in the building) and damage estimated at $1,000,000 ($ in dollars). On Saturday, July 28, 1945, Lieut. Col. William F. Smith

title: The News Building (London)

text: The News Building (London) The News Building is a 17-storey office block in the London Bridge area of London that forms part of the Shard Quarter development. It houses all of News UK's London operations, including "The Times", "The Sunday Times", "The Sun", "The Wall Street Journal", Dow Jones and HarperCollins. It was designed by the Italian architect Renzo Piano, who also designed The Shard across the piazza, and was financed by Qatar, which is behind the Shard Quarter development. The News Building was known as The Place and The Baby Shard until 2014, when its name was changed. It

title: Maine State Building

text: the 1893 World's Fair. Maine State Building The Maine State Building is a historic building on Preservation Way, part of the Poland Springs resort complex in South Poland, Maine. It was built in 1893 at the Columbian Exposition in Chicago. Designed by Chicago architect Charles Sumner Frost, a Lewiston, Maine native and MIT graduate, the building was constructed of granite with a slate roof. All the materials were from Maine and crafted by craftsmen and companies from Maine. At the fair, the building was filled with displays about the State of Maine. The granite that composed the building came from

title: Maine State Building

text: Maine State Building The Maine State Building is a historic building on Preservation Way, part of the Poland Springs resort complex in South Poland, Maine. It was built in 1893 at the Columbian Exposition in Chicago. Designed by Chicago architect Charles Sumner Frost, a Lewiston, Maine native and MIT graduate, the building was constructed of granite with a slate roof. All the materials were from Maine and crafted by craftsmen and companies from Maine. At the fair, the building was filled with displays about the State of Maine. The granite that composed the building came from ten different quarries throughout

title: The Man Who Never Was

text: The Man Who Never Was The Man Who Never Was is a 1956 UK Second World War film, produced by André Hakim, directed by Ronald Neame, that stars Clifton Webb, Gloria Grahame and Robert Flemyng. It is based on the book of the same name by Lt. Cmdr. Ewen Montagu and dramatises actual events. The film's storyline concerns Operation Mincemeat, a 1943 British Intelligence plan to deceive the Axis powers into thinking Operation "Husky", the Allied invasion of Sicily, would take place elsewhere in the Mediterranean. "The Man Who Never Was" was entered into the 1956 Cannes Film Festival. Nigel

title: The Woman Who Was Poor

text: The Woman Who Was Poor The Woman Who Was Poor () is an 1897 novel by the French writer Léon Bloy. It follows a woman, Clotilde, who becomes involved with the Paris art and literary scene in the 1880s. It was Bloy's second novel. An English translation by I. J. Collins was published in 1939. Ernest Boyd of the "Saturday Review" wrote in 1939 about the English-language edition: The translator duly apologizes for his squeamishness, although none of our current exponents of the "Anglo-Saxon" monosyllables would have been deterred by Bloy, even if disgusted by his deliberate and unnecessary blasphemies.

title: The Who

text: the Empire Polo Grounds in Indio, CA on 16 October 2016 after thirteen concerts. In November 2016, The Who announced that 5 UK dates the following April (previously scheduled for that August and September), would include a full live performance of "Tommy". The 5-date tour was renamed "2017 Tommy & More", and was the first time that the band played "Tommy" in full since 1989. The Who have been regarded primarily as a rock band, yet have taken influence from several other styles of music during their career. The original group played a mixture of trad jazz and contemporary pop

title: Empire State Building

text: foundation of the Empire State Building was excavated before demolition was even complete. Construction on the building itself started on March 17, 1930, with an average construction rate of four and a half floors per week. A well-coordinated schedule meant that the 86 stories were topped out on September 19, six months after construction started, and the mast was completed by November 21. From that point, interior work proceeded at a quick pace, and it was opened on May 1, 1931, thirteen and a half months after the first steel beam was erected. In a ceremony held in Washington D.C.,

title: The Man Who Was Thursday

text: story ever written plus every story dreamed of but never written. Among the latter is "The Man Who Was October" by G. K. Chesterton, which is supposedly a sequel to his "Thursday". Also, the metaphysical being known as "Fiddler's Green" manifests in a physical form resembling Chesterton. In Kim Newman's "", the Council of Days, led by Sunday, exists and is plotting to overthrow Dracula during the tenth anniversary of his rule over Britain. The Council includes Gabriel Syme, Peter the Painter (Friday), and Newman's recurring character Kate Reed. The Man Who Was Thursday The Man Who Was Thursday: A

title: 1997 Empire State Building shooting

text: 1997 Empire State Building shooting On February 23, 1997, Ali Hassan Abu Kamal, a 69-year-old Palestinian teacher, opened fire on the observation deck of the Empire State Building in Manhattan, New York City. The gunman killed one person and wounded six others before taking his own life with a gunshot to the head. Law enforcement officials ruled it was a premeditated attack after finding notes indicating Abu Kamal's anger over Palestine and Israel. At the time, Abu Kamal's widow stated the shooting spree was not politically motivated, but rooted in his despondency over financial ruin. Ten years after the shooting,

title: Empire State Building

text: 1950s, when it was finally able to break even for the first time. Despite the lack of nearby transportation centers, the Empire State Building started to attract renters due to its reputation. A radio antenna was erected on top of the tower starting in 1950, allowing the area's television stations to broadcast from the building. However, despite the turnaround in the building's fortunes, Raskob put the tower up for sale in 1951, with a minimum asking price of $50 million. The property was purchased by business partners Roger L. Stevens, Henry Crown, Alfred R. Glancy and Ben Tobin. The sale

title: Empire State Building

text: million. These improvements entailed replacing alarm systems, elevators, windows, and air conditioning; making the observation deck compliant with the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA); and refurbishing the limestone facade. The observatory renovation was added after disability rights groups and the United States Department of Justice filed a lawsuit against the building in 1992, in what was the first lawsuit filed by an organization under the new law. A settlement was reached in 1994, in which the Empire State Building Associates agreed to add ADA-compliant elements, such as new elevators, ramps, and automatic doors, during its ongoing renovation. The

title: State Bank Building

text: facade. The facade is topped by an entablature, a dentillated cornice, and a marble parapet. The five bays on the building's east side are similar to the front bays; six Ionic pilasters flank these bays. The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places on April 23, 2010. State Bank Building The State Bank Building is a historic bank building located at 102 W. Main St. in Collinsville, Illinois. Built in 1916, the bank was the third used by the State Bank, which was chartered in 1891. Architect Robert G. Kirsch designed the building in the Classical Revival

title: 2012 Empire State Building shooting

text: from street level, where officers are seen with weapons pointed at Johnson lying on his back, just after he was shot. The camera then pans to the nearby streets where bystanders were struck, and to pedestrians trying to hide behind buildings during the ensuing chaos. In 2017, several victims mentioned the event still affects them to this day, and they have made progress in bringing forth a suit against the NYPD. 2012 Empire State Building shooting On August 24, 2012, a gunman shot and killed a former co-worker outside the Empire State Building in Manhattan, New York City. Following the

title: 1997 Empire State Building shooting

text: across the US, saying "It should be as difficult to get a gun in Florida as it is in New York City." 1997 Empire State Building shooting On February 23, 1997, Ali Hassan Abu Kamal, a 69-year-old Palestinian teacher, opened fire on the observation deck of the Empire State Building in Manhattan, New York City. The gunman killed one person and wounded six others before taking his own life with a gunshot to the head. Law enforcement officials ruled it was a premeditated attack after finding notes indicating Abu Kamal's anger over Palestine and Israel. At the time, Abu Kamal's

title: Empire State Building

text: all, including service elevators. Utilities are grouped in a central shaft. On each floor between levels 6 and 86, the central shaft is surrounded by a main corridor on all four sides. As per the final specifications of the building, the corridor is surrounded in turn by office space deep. Each of the floors has 210 structural columns that pass through it, which provide structural stability, but limits the amount of open space on these floors. However, the relative dearth of stone in the building allows for more space overall, with a 1:200 stone-to-building ratio in the Empire State compared

title: Empire State Building

text: Landmarks Preservation Commission voted to make the lobby a city landmark on May 19, 1981, citing the historic nature of the first and second floors, as well as "the fixtures and interior components" of the upper floors. The building became a National Historic Landmark in 1986 in close alignment to the New York City Landmarks report. That year, the Plaza Hotel and Metropolitan Museum of Art further uptown were also designated as National Historic Landmarks. The Empire State Building was added to the National Register of Historic Places the following year due to its architectural significance. From the early to