query: How many moons does Jupiter have?

title: Moons of Jupiter

text: Moons of Jupiter There are 79 known moons of Jupiter. This gives Jupiter the largest number of moons with reasonably stable orbits of any planet in the Solar System. The most massive of the moons are the four Galilean moons, which were independently discovered in 1610 by Galileo Galilei and Simon Marius and were the first objects found to orbit a body that was neither Earth nor the Sun. From the end of the 19th century, dozens of much smaller Jovian moons have been discovered and have received the names of lovers or daughters of the Roman god Jupiter or

title: Moons of Jupiter

text: closer to Jupiter; these serve as sources of the dust that makes up Jupiter's rings. The remainder of Jupiter's moons are irregular satellites whose prograde and retrograde orbits are much farther from Jupiter and have high inclinations and eccentricities. These moons were probably captured by Jupiter from solar orbits. Twenty-seven of the irregular satellites have not yet been officially named. The physical and orbital characteristics of the moons vary widely. The four Galileans are all over in diameter; the largest Galilean, Ganymede, is the ninth largest object in the Solar System, after the Sun and seven of the planets, Ganymede

title: Moons of Jupiter

text: around Ganymede. In 2016, the "Juno" spacecraft imaged the Galilean moons from above their orbital plane as it approached Jupiter orbit insertion, creating a time-lapse movie of their motion. Moons of Jupiter There are 79 known moons of Jupiter. This gives Jupiter the largest number of moons with reasonably stable orbits of any planet in the Solar System. The most massive of the moons are the four Galilean moons, which were independently discovered in 1610 by Galileo Galilei and Simon Marius and were the first objects found to orbit a body that was neither Earth nor the Sun. From the

title: Moons of Jupiter

text: J 16, and S/2003 J 23. A number of other moons have only been observed for a year or two, but have decent enough orbits to be easily measurable even in 2018. The first spacecrafts to visit Jupiter were "Pioneer 10" in 1973, and "Pioneer 11" a year later, taking low-resolution images of the four Galilean moons. The "Voyager 1" and "Voyager 2" probes visited Jupiter in 1979, discovering the volcanic activity on Io and the presence of water ice on the surface of Europa. The "Cassini" probe to Saturn flew by Jupiter in 2000 and collected data on interactions

title: Moons of Jupiter

text: eccentricity) and composition; it is believed that these are at least partially collisional families that were created when larger (but still small) parent bodies were shattered by impacts from asteroids captured by Jupiter's gravitational field. These families bear the names of their largest members. The identification of satellite families is tentative, but the following are typically listed: The moons of Jupiter are listed below by orbital period. Moons massive enough for their surfaces to have collapsed into a spheroid are highlighted in bold. These are the four Galilean moons, which are comparable in size to the Moon. The other moons

title: Moons of Jupiter

text: his Greek equivalent Zeus. The Galilean moons are by far the largest and most massive objects to orbit Jupiter, with the remaining 75 known moons and the rings together comprising just 0.003% of the total orbiting mass.Of Jupiter's moons, eight are regular satellites with prograde and nearly circular orbits that are not greatly inclined with respect to Jupiter's equatorial plane. The Galilean satellites are nearly spherical in shape due to their planetary mass, and so would be considered at least dwarf planets if they were in direct orbit around the Sun. The other four regular satellites are much smaller and

title: Galilean moons

text: All four Galilean moons are bright enough to be viewed from Earth without a telescope, if only they could appear farther away from Jupiter. (They are, however, easily distinguished with even low-powered binoculars.) They have apparent magnitudes between 4.6 and 5.6 when Jupiter is in opposition with the Sun, and are about one unit of magnitude dimmer when Jupiter is in conjunction. The main difficulty in observing the moons from Earth is their proximity to Jupiter, since they are obscured by its brightness. The maximum angular separations of the moons are between 2 and 10 arcminutes from Jupiter, which is

title: Moons of Jupiter

text: to absorb much of their momentum and thus capture them into orbit. Many are believed to have broken up by mechanical stresses during capture, or afterward by collisions with other small bodies, producing the moons we see today. Some scholars propose that the earliest record of a Jovian moon (Ganymede or Callisto) is a note by Chinese astronomer Gan De of an observation around 364 BC. However, the first certain observations of Jupiter's satellites were those of Galileo Galilei in 1609. By January 1610, he had sighted the four massive Galilean moons with his 30× magnification telescope, and he published

title: Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer

text: 1 MeV energy. The Radio & Plasma Wave Investigation ("RPWI") will characterise the plasma environment and radio emissions around the spacecraft, it is composed of four experiments: GANDALF, MIME, FRODO and JENRAGE. "RPWI" will use four Langmuir probes, each one mounted at the end of its own dedicated boom, and sensitive up to 1.6 MHz to characterize plasma and receivers in the frequency range 80 kHz – 45 MHz to measure radio emissions. The Gravity & Geophysics of jupiter and Galilean Moons ("3GM") is a radio science package comprising a Ka transponder and an ultrastable oscillator. "3GM" will be used

title: Jupiter

text: in turbulence and storms along their interacting boundaries. A prominent result is the Great Red Spot, a giant storm that is known to have existed since at least the 17th century when it was first seen by telescope. Surrounding Jupiter is a faint planetary ring system and a powerful magnetosphere. Jupiter has 79 known moons, including the four large Galilean moons discovered by Galileo Galilei in 1610. Ganymede, the largest of these, has a diameter greater than that of the planet Mercury. Jupiter has been explored on several occasions by robotic spacecraft, most notably during the early "Pioneer" and "Voyager"

title: Galilean moons

text: close to the limit of human visual acuity. Ganymede and Callisto, at their maximum separation, are the likeliest targets for potential naked-eye observation. GIF animation of the resonance of Io, Europa, and Ganymede <br> Galilean moons The Galilean moons are the four largest moons of Jupiter—Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto. They were first seen by Galileo Galilei in January 1610, and recognized by him as satellites of Jupiter in March 1610. They were the first objects found to orbit another planet. Their names derive from the lovers of Zeus. They are among the largest objects in the Solar System with

title: Galilean moons

text: Galilean moons The Galilean moons are the four largest moons of Jupiter—Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto. They were first seen by Galileo Galilei in January 1610, and recognized by him as satellites of Jupiter in March 1610. They were the first objects found to orbit another planet. Their names derive from the lovers of Zeus. They are among the largest objects in the Solar System with the exception of the Sun and the eight planets, with a radius larger than any of the dwarf planets. Ganymede is the largest moon in the Solar System, and is even bigger than the

title: Galilean moons

text: disk, in which formation timescales were comparable to or shorter than orbital migration timescales. Io is anhydrous and likely has an interior of rock and metal. Europa is thought to contain 8% ice and water by mass with the remainder rock. These moons are, in increasing order of distance from Jupiter: Io (Jupiter I) is the innermost of the four Galilean moons of Jupiter and, with a diameter of 3642 kilometers, the fourth-largest moon in the Solar System. It was named after Io, a priestess of Hera who became one of the lovers of Zeus. Nevertheless, it was simply referred

title: Jupiter

text: 2000, the "Cassini" probe flew by Jupiter on its way to Saturn, and provided some of the highest-resolution images ever made of the planet. The "New Horizons" probe flew by Jupiter for a gravity assist en route to Pluto. Its closest approach was on February 28, 2007. The probe's cameras measured plasma output from volcanoes on Io and studied all four Galilean moons in detail, as well as making long-distance observations of the outer moons Himalia and Elara. Imaging of the Jovian system began September 4, 2006. The first spacecraft to orbit Jupiter was the "Galileo" probe, which entered orbit

title: Galilean moons

text: thin atmosphere made up mostly of sulfur dioxide (SO). If a surface data or collection vessel were to land on Io in the future, it would have to be extremely tough (similar to the tank-like bodies of the Soviet Venera landers) to survive the radiation and magnetic fields that originate from Jupiter. Europa (Jupiter II), the second of the four Galilean moons, is the second closest to Jupiter and the smallest at 3121.6 kilometers in diameter, which is slightly smaller than the Moon. The name comes from a mythical Phoenician noblewoman, Europa, who was courted by Zeus and became the

title: Jupiter

text: Orbiter. However, ESA had formally ended the partnership by April 2011, citing budget issues at NASA and the consequences on the mission timetable. Instead, ESA planned to go ahead with a European-only mission to compete in its L1 Cosmic Vision selection. Jupiter has 79 known natural satellites. Of these, 63 are less than 10 kilometres in diameter and have only been discovered since 1975. The four largest moons, visible from Earth with binoculars on a clear night, known as the "Galilean moons", are Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto. The moons discovered by Galileo—Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto—are among the largest

title: Exploration of Jupiter

text: probe, en route to Pluto, flew by Jupiter for a gravity assist and was the first probe launched directly towards Jupiter since the "Ulysses" in 1990. Its Long Range Reconnaissance Imager (LORRI) took its first photographs of Jupiter on September 4, 2006. The spacecraft began further study of the Jovian system in December 2006, and made its closest approach on February 28, 2007. Although close to Jupiter, "New Horizons" instruments made refined measurements of the orbits of Jupiter's inner moons, particularly Amalthea. The probe's cameras measured volcanoes on Io, studied all four Galilean moons in detail, and made long-distance studies

title: Shepherd Moons

text: and elements of Celtic and New age music, though Enya believes her music does not belong in the latter genre. "Shepherd Moons" received generally positive reviews from critics and became a greater commercial success than "Watermark". It went to number one on the UK Albums Chart and peaked at number seventeen on the "Billboard" 200 in the United States. The album was certified multi-platinum by the British Phonographic Industry and Recording Industry Association of America for shipments of 1.2 million and five million copies, respectively. Between 1991 and 1994, Enya released four singles from "Shepherd Moons": "Caribbean Blue", "How Can

title: Jupiter

text: first telescopic observation of moons other than Earth's. One day after Galileo, Simon Marius independently discovered moons around Jupiter, though he did not publish his discovery in a book until 1614. It was Marius's names for the four major moons, however, that stuck—Io, Europa, Ganymede and Callisto. These findings were also the first discovery of celestial motion not apparently centered on Earth. The discovery was a major point in favor of Copernicus' heliocentric theory of the motions of the planets; Galileo's outspoken support of the Copernican theory placed him under the threat of the Inquisition. During the 1660s, Giovanni Cassini

title: Jupiter

text: Xi Zezong has claimed that Gan De, an ancient Chinese astronomer, discovered one of Jupiter's moons in 362 with the unaided eye. If accurate, this would predate Galileo's discovery by nearly two millennia. In his 2nd century work the "Almagest", the Hellenistic astronomer Claudius Ptolemaeus constructed a geocentric planetary model based on deferents and epicycles to explain Jupiter's motion relative to Earth, giving its orbital period around Earth as 4332.38 days, or 11.86 years. In 1610, Italian polymath Galileo Galilei discovered the four largest moons of Jupiter (now known as the Galilean moons) using a telescope; thought to be the

title: Jupiter's moons in fiction

text: smallest of the four Galilean satellites and the second closest to Jupiter. It is theorized to have an ocean of liquid water underneath its icy surface; the thickness of the ice is much debated. The probable presence of the water ocean has made it a favored location for modern fictional speculation about extraterrestrial life in the Solar System. Ganymede is the third of the Galilean moons from Jupiter. It is the largest moon in the Solar System, bigger than the planet Mercury (though less massive), almost 52% larger than the diameter of the Moon and with twice its mass. It

title: Galilean moons

text: he was able to see celestial bodies more distinctly than was ever possible before. This allowed Galilei to observe in either December 1609 or January 1610 what came to be known as the Galilean moons. On January 7, 1610, Galileo wrote a letter containing the first mention of Jupiter's moons. At the time, he saw only three of them, and he believed them to be fixed stars near Jupiter. He continued to observe these celestial orbs from January 8 to March 2, 1610. In these observations, he discovered a fourth body, and also observed that the four were not fixed

title: Jupiter Icy Moons Orbiter

text: Jupiter Icy Moons Orbiter The Jupiter Icy Moons Orbiter (JIMO) was a proposed NASA spacecraft designed to explore the icy moons of Jupiter. The main target was Europa, where an ocean of liquid water may harbor alien life. Ganymede and Callisto, which are now thought to have liquid, salty oceans beneath their icy surfaces, were also targets of interest for the probe. JIMO was to have a large number of revolutionary features. Throughout its main voyage to the Jupiter moons, it was to be propelled by an ion propulsion system via either the High Power Electric Propulsion or NEXIS engine,

title: Moons of Jupiter

text: being larger than Mercury. All other Jovian moons are less than in diameter, with most barely exceeding . Their orbital shapes range from nearly perfectly circular to highly eccentric and inclined, and many revolve in the direction opposite to Jupiter's spin (retrograde motion). Orbital periods range from seven hours (taking less time than Jupiter does to spin around its axis), to some three thousand times more (almost three Earth years). Jupiter's regular satellites are believed to have formed from a circumplanetary disk, a ring of accreting gas and solid debris analogous to a protoplanetary disk. They may be the remnants

title: Moons of Jupiter

text: of a score of Galilean-mass satellites that formed early in Jupiter's history. Simulations suggest that, while the disk had a relatively high mass at any given moment, over time a substantial fraction (several tenths of a percent) of the mass of Jupiter captured from the solar nebula was passed through it. However, only 2% of the proto-disk mass of Jupiter is required to explain the existing satellites. Thus there may have been several generations of Galilean-mass satellites in Jupiter's early history. Each generation of moons might have spiraled into Jupiter, because of drag from the disk, with new moons then

title: Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer

text: Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer The JUpiter ICy moons Explorer (JUICE) is an interplanetary spacecraft in development by the European Space Agency (ESA) with Airbus Defence and Space as the main contractor. The mission is being developed to visit the Jovian system focused on studying three of Jupiter's Galilean moons: Ganymede, Callisto, and Europa (excluding the more volcanically active Io) all of which are thought to have significant bodies of liquid water beneath their surfaces, making them potentially habitable environments. The spacecraft is set for launch in June 2022 and would reach Jupiter in October 2029 after five gravity assists and

title: Moons of Jupiter

text: name newly discovered moons of Jupiter after lovers and favorites of the god Jupiter (Zeus) and, since 2004, also after their descendants. All of Jupiter's satellites from XXXIV (Euporie) onward are named after daughters of Jupiter or Zeus, except LIII (Dia), named after a lover of Jupiter, and LXII (Valetudo), named after a great-granddaughter of Jupiter. Names ending with "a" or "o" are used for prograde irregular satellites (the latter for highly inclined satellites), and names ending with "e" are used for retrograde irregulars. The most recently confirmed moons Jupiter LI through LXXII (with the exception of Jupiter LIII Dia

title: Moons of Jupiter

text: and Jupiter LXII Valetudo) have not received names. Some asteroids share the same names as moons of Jupiter: 9 Metis, 38 Leda, 52 Europa, 85 Io, 113 Amalthea, 239 Adrastea. Two more asteroids previously shared the names of Jovian moons until spelling differences were made permanent by the IAU: Ganymede and asteroid 1036 Ganymed; and Callisto and asteroid 204 Kallisto. These have prograde and nearly circular orbits of low inclination and are split into two groups: The irregular satellites are substantially smaller objects with more distant and eccentric orbits. They form families with shared similarities in orbit (semi-major axis, inclination,

title: Moons of Jupiter

text: of these moons are thought to have been captured asteroidal or perhaps comet bodies, possibly fragmented into several pieces. By 2015, a total of 15 additional moons were discovered. Two more were discovered in 2016 by the team led by Scott S. Sheppard at the Carnegie Institution for Science, bringing the total to 69. On 17 July 2018, the International Astronomical Union confirmed that Sheppard's team discovered ten more moons around Jupiter, bringing the total number to 79. Among these is Valetudo, which has a prograde orbit, but crosses paths with several moons that have retrograde orbits, making an eventual

title: Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer

text: the Jupiter system in October 2029 after 88 months of travel. By 2033 the spacecraft should enter orbit around Ganymede, after completing various maneuvers around Jupiter and the other moons. Proposed instruments include cameras, spectrometers, magnetometers, and an ice-penetrating radar. The "Jupiter Icy moons Explorer" will perform detailed investigations on Ganymede as a planetary body and evaluate its potential to support life. Investigations of Europa and Callisto will complete a comparative picture of these Galilean moons. The three moons are thought to harbour internal liquid-water oceans, and so are central to understanding the habitability of icy worlds. The main science

title: Moons of Jupiter

text: collision—at some point on a billions of years timescale—likely. Additional tiny moons likely exist but remain undiscovered, as they are very difficult for astronomers to detect. The Galilean moons of Jupiter (Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto) were named by Simon Marius soon after their discovery in 1610. However, these names fell out of favor until the 20th century. The astronomical literature instead simply referred to "Jupiter I", "Jupiter II", etc., or "the first satellite of Jupiter", "Jupiter's second satellite", and so on. The names Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto became popular in the mid-20th century, whereas the rest of the

title: Moons of Jupiter (album)

text: and structured." Moons of Jupiter (album) Moons of Jupiter is an album by American jazz trombonist Steve Swell, which was recorded in 1997 and released on CIMP. He leads a quartet with Mark Whitecage on reeds, Dominic Duval on bass and Jay Rosen on drums. "The Penguin Guide to Jazz" notes that ""Moons of Jupiter" gets a tumultuous start with the overwhelmingly powerful 'For Henry Darger'. The rest of the record turns out as a free-bop date with flashes of brilliance." The "JazzTimes" review by John Murph says that "Swell boasts an intriguing set that keenly balances the hemispheres of

title: Moons of Jupiter (album)

text: Moons of Jupiter (album) Moons of Jupiter is an album by American jazz trombonist Steve Swell, which was recorded in 1997 and released on CIMP. He leads a quartet with Mark Whitecage on reeds, Dominic Duval on bass and Jay Rosen on drums. "The Penguin Guide to Jazz" notes that ""Moons of Jupiter" gets a tumultuous start with the overwhelmingly powerful 'For Henry Darger'. The rest of the record turns out as a free-bop date with flashes of brilliance." The "JazzTimes" review by John Murph says that "Swell boasts an intriguing set that keenly balances the hemispheres of the free

title: Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer

text: to study the gravity field - up to degree 10 - at Ganymede and the extent of internal oceans on the icy moons, and to investigate the structure of the neutral atmospheres and ionospheres of Jupiter (0.1 - 800 mbar) and its moons. The Planetary Radio Interferometer & Doppler Experiment ("PRIDE") experiment will generate specific signals transmitted by JUICE antenna and received by Very Long Baseline Interferometry to perform precision measurements of the gravity fields and of Jupiter and the icy moons. In the internet multimedia fiction project "17776", a sentient "JUICE" is one of the main characters. Jupiter Icy

title: The Moons of Jupiter (short story)

text: sun." (2nd version, 1982) The Moons of Jupiter (short story) "The Moons of Jupiter" (1978 / 1982) is a short story by Alice Munro, the Canadian winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature in 2013. It deals with how facts may change over time. The story is 17 pages in length and made up of 7 sections with the shortest section being the final one. Janet, a divorced, middle-aged writer who has become somewhat successful, is visiting her dying father in a Toronto hospital, where she had driven him the day before. She stays overnight in the apartment of her

title: The Moons of Jupiter (short story)

text: The Moons of Jupiter (short story) "The Moons of Jupiter" (1978 / 1982) is a short story by Alice Munro, the Canadian winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature in 2013. It deals with how facts may change over time. The story is 17 pages in length and made up of 7 sections with the shortest section being the final one. Janet, a divorced, middle-aged writer who has become somewhat successful, is visiting her dying father in a Toronto hospital, where she had driven him the day before. She stays overnight in the apartment of her younger daughter, Judith, who

title: Moons of Jupiter

text: that the Voyager space probes reached Jupiter, around 1979, 13 moons had been discovered, not including Themisto, which had been observed in 1975, but was lost until 2000 due to insufficient initial observation data. The Voyager spacecraft discovered an additional three inner moons in 1979: Metis; Adrastea; and Thebe. No additional moons were discovered for two decades, generally during the 1980s and 1990s, but between October 1999 and February 2003, researchers found another 34 moons using sensitive ground-based detectors. These are tiny moons, in long, eccentric, generally retrograde orbits, and averaging in diameter, with the largest being just across. All

title: Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer

text: of Jovian moons down to depth with vertical resolution up to 30 m (98.4 ft) in ice. The JUICE MAGnetometer experiment will study the subsurface oceans of the icy moons and the interaction of Jovian magnetic field with the magnetic field of Ganymede using a sensitive magnetometer. The Particle Environment Package ("PEP") is a suite of six sensors to study the magnetosphere of Jupiter and its interactions with the Jovian moons. "PEP" will measure positive and negative ions, electrons, exospheric neutral gas, thermal plasma and energetic neutral atoms present in all domains of the Jupiter system from 1 meV to

title: Moons of Jupiter

text: of the Galilean moons with Jupiter's extended atmosphere. The "New Horizons" spacecraft flew by Jupiter in 2007 and made improved measurements of its satellites' orbital parameters. The "Galileo" spacecraft was the first to enter orbit around Jupiter, arriving in 1995 and studying it until 2003. During this period, "Galileo" gathered a large amount of information about the Jovian system, making close approaches to all of the Galilean moons and finding evidence for thin atmospheres on three of them, as well as the possibility of liquid water beneath the surfaces of Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto. It also discovered a magnetic field

title: Moons of Jupiter

text: moons remained unnamed and were usually numbered in Roman numerals V (5) to XII (12). Jupiter V was discovered in 1892 and given the name "Amalthea" by a popular though unofficial convention, a name first used by French astronomer Camille Flammarion. The other moons were simply labeled by their Roman numeral (e.g. Jupiter IX) in the majority of astronomical literature until the 1970s. In 1975, the International Astronomical Union's (IAU) Task Group for Outer Solar System Nomenclature granted names to satellites V–XIII, and provided for a formal naming process for future satellites still to be discovered. The practice was to

title: The Moons of Jupiter (short story)

text: Jupiter" was originally published in "The New Yorker" on 22 May, 1978, with a slightly different version being republished as the title story of Munro's fifth collection that came out in 1982. "The Moons of Jupiter" has been included in the author's own compilations three times, in 1996, in 2004 and in 2006, which makes the work range among those that have been republished the most. Furthermore, "The Moons of Jupiter" counts among the stories that generated Munro's international breakthrough during the years around 1980. In the first version if the story, Janet is no writer but a painter. For

title: Many Moons

text: The next day, the King fears she'll see the moon in the sky and realize that the necklace is a forgery. He consults the wisest men in his court, who propose outrageous schemes to prevent her from seeing it in the sky. Ultimately, the jester visits the princess, who is fondly gazing at the newly-risen moon. He asks her how the moon can be in two places, and she tells him the moon always grows back: like a child's tooth, a unicorn's horn, or flowers. Many Moons Many Moons is a children's picture book written by James Thurber and illustrated

title: Lucky Starr and the Moons of Jupiter

text: Lucky Starr and the Moons of Jupiter Lucky Starr and the Moons of Jupiter is the fifth novel in the "Lucky Starr" series, six juvenile science fiction novels by Isaac Asimov that originally appeared under the pseudonym Paul French. The novel was first published by Doubleday & Company in August 1957. It is the only novel by Asimov set in the Jovian system. "Lucky Starr and the Moons of Jupiter" takes place in the Jovian system. In the mid-1950s, when the novel was written, Jupiter had twelve known satellites. The first half of the novel takes place on what was

title: Moons of Jupiter

text: are much smaller, with the least massive Galilean moon being more than 7000 times more massive than the most massive of the other moons. The irregular captured moons are shaded light gray when prograde and dark gray when retrograde. All orbits are based on the estimated orbit on the Julian date 2457000, or 3 September 2017. As several moons of Jupiter are currently lost, these orbital elements may be only rough approximations. As of 2018, seven satellites are considered to be lost. These are S/2003 J 2, S/2003 J 4, S/2003 J 9, S/2003 J 10, S/2003 J 12, S/2003

title: Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer

text: system has 13 panchromatic, broad and narrow-band filters in the 0.36 µm to 1.1 µm range, and provides stereo imaging capabilities. "JANUS" will also allow relating spectral, laser and radar measurements to geomorphology and thus will provide the overall geological context. Moons And Jupiter Imaging Spectrometer ("MAJIS") is a visible and infrared imaging spectrograph operating from , with spectral resolution of 3–7 nm, that will observe tropospheric cloud features and minor gas species on Jupiter and will investigate the composition of ices and minerals on the surfaces of the icy moons. The spatial resolution will be down to 75 m

title: Jupiter Icy Moons Orbiter

text: also cancelled in 2011. ESA has since continued to work separately on that design and on 2 May 2012 selected the Jupiter Icy Moon Explorer (JUICE) mission over two other ESA missions for funding. The JUICE mission will study the Jupiter moons Europa, Callisto and Ganymede and be launched as an ESA L-class mission in 2022 on an Ariane 5 carrier rocket. In the late 2010s, the Europa Clipper became the main NASA mission to Europa with a significant difference in that it would be solar-powered and engage in multiple flybys of the moon rather than orbit it. Jupiter Icy

title: Many Moons (album)

text: Let’s call this place the suburbs of the human mind." Credits adapted from the liner notes of "Many Moons". Many Moons (album) Many Moons is the debut solo album by Martin Courtney, the frontman of the American indie rock band Real Estate, released on October 30, 2015 on Domino Records. The material for "Many Moons" began as a stress-relief outlet for Courtney ahead of the recording of Real Estate's 2014 album "Atlas". Woods' Jarvis Taveniere had access to the studio before the recording sessions for "Atlas" and asked Courtney to make a single. According to Courtney, the session snowballed into

title: Jupiter

text: will be the European Space Agency's Jupiter Icy Moon Explorer (JUICE), due to launch in 2022, followed by NASA's Europa Clipper mission in 2025. There has been great interest in studying the icy moons in detail because of the possibility of subsurface liquid oceans on Jupiter's moons Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto. Funding difficulties have delayed progress. NASA's "JIMO" ("Jupiter Icy Moons Orbiter") was cancelled in 2005. A subsequent proposal was developed for a joint NASA/ESA mission called EJSM/Laplace, with a provisional launch date around 2020. EJSM/Laplace would have consisted of the NASA-led Jupiter Europa Orbiter and the ESA-led Jupiter Ganymede

title: Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer

text: (246.1 ft) on Ganymede and about 100 km (62.1 mi) on Jupiter. UV imaging Spectrograph ("UVS") is an imaging spectrograph operating in the wavelength range 55–210 nm with spectral resolution of that will characterise exospheres and aurorae of the icy moons, including plume searches on Europa, and study the Jovian upper atmosphere and aurorae. It will reach a resolution of 0.5 km (0.3 mi) observing Ganymede and up to 250 km (155.3 mi) observing Jupiter. The Sub-millimeter Wave Instrument ("SWI") is a spectrometer using a 30 cm (11.8 in) antenna and working in 1080–1275 GHz and 530–601 GHz with spectral

title: Lucky Starr and the Moons of Jupiter

text: impossibility of using the sense of smell, and Giskard, due to his abilities but allegedly due to his infrared vision. Telepathy, contradictions between the Three Laws and industrial espionage are all important themes in both books. Lucky Starr and the Moons of Jupiter Lucky Starr and the Moons of Jupiter is the fifth novel in the "Lucky Starr" series, six juvenile science fiction novels by Isaac Asimov that originally appeared under the pseudonym Paul French. The novel was first published by Doubleday & Company in August 1957. It is the only novel by Asimov set in the Jovian system. "Lucky

title: Naming of moons

text: numbers initially designated the moons in orbital sequence, and were re-numbered after each new discovery; for instance, before the discovery of Mimas and Enceladus in 1789, Tethys was Saturn I, Dione Saturn II, etc., but after the new moons were discovered, Mimas became Saturn I, Enceladus Saturn II, Tethys Saturn III and Dione Saturn IV. In the middle of the 19th century, however, the numeration became fixed, and later discoveries failed to conform with the orbital sequence scheme. Amalthea, discovered in 1892, was labelled "Jupiter V" although it orbits more closely to Jupiter than does Io (Jupiter I). The unstated

title: Many Moons (album)

text: Many Moons (album) Many Moons is the debut solo album by Martin Courtney, the frontman of the American indie rock band Real Estate, released on October 30, 2015 on Domino Records. The material for "Many Moons" began as a stress-relief outlet for Courtney ahead of the recording of Real Estate's 2014 album "Atlas". Woods' Jarvis Taveniere had access to the studio before the recording sessions for "Atlas" and asked Courtney to make a single. According to Courtney, the session snowballed into five songs they thought would become an EP. Once they had even more songs completed, Courtney and Taveniere decided

title: Many Moons

text: Many Moons Many Moons is a children's picture book written by James Thurber and illustrated by Louis Slobodkin. It was published by Harcourt, Brace & Company in 1943 and won the Caldecott Medal in 1944. Princess Lenore becomes ill, and only one thing will make her better: the moon. Unlike much of Thurber's other work, including "The Secret Life of Walter Mitty" and his fables, this story shows a crisis between males and females that ends happily for all. Despite winning the Caldecott Medal with Slobodkin's original illustrations, a reprint in 1990 by Harcourt featured the text accompanied by new

title: Naming of moons

text: a great-granddaughter of Jupiter.. All of Jupiter's satellites from LI on, with the exceptions of Jupiter LIII Dia and Jupiter LXII Valetudo, have received permanent Roman-numeral designations but not names. In 1847 the seven then known moons of Saturn were named by John Herschel. Herschel named Saturn's two innermost moons (Mimas and Enceladus) after the mythological Greek Giants, and the outer five after the Titans (Titan, Iapetus) and Titanesses (Tethys, Dione, Rhea) of the same mythology. Until then, Titan was known as the "Huygenian (or Huyghenian) satellite of Saturn" and the other moons had Roman numeral designations in order of

title: The Moons of Jupiter (short story)

text: "The Guardian", Margaret Atwood said with reference to this story that, first, success must first be striven for, and then it seems one has to apologize for it. Munro's characters are being punished even though they are successful, viz the example of the writer Janet in "The Moons of Jupiter", says Atwood. Tim McIntyre, in an analysis of 2009, points out that Munro's realism with its "capacity for characterization, compassion, and presence" is made to function in opposition to the author's "sophisticated understanding of language's inability to represent perfectly either the world or the totality of being." "The Moons of

title: Many Moons (song)

text: by marrying 60's swing with hip-hop undertones ... This sounds very much like an OutKast song - with an unconventional beat that seems hard to catch in places, but sticks a couple of minutes in. The song oozes originality and Janelle's operatic runs are hot. So many different genres and styles get fused into this song, yet they all unify so well." Many Moons (song) "Many Moons" is a 2008 song by American singer Janelle Monáe, included on the "" album. It was number 47 on "Rolling Stone"s list of the 100 Best Songs of 2008. The song was also

title: Moons of Jupiter

text: forming from the new debris captured from the solar nebula. By the time the present (possibly fifth) generation formed, the disk had thinned so that it no longer greatly interfered with the moons' orbits. The current Galilean moons were still affected, falling into and being partially protected by an orbital resonance with each other, which still exists for Io, Europa, and Ganymede. Ganymede's larger mass means that it would have migrated inward at a faster rate than Europa or Io. The outer, irregular moons are thought to have originated from captured asteroids, whereas the protolunar disk was still massive enough

title: Jupiter's moons in fiction

text: the third moon from Jupiter and the largest of the inner satellites of Jupiter. Pasiphae (Jupiter VIII) is used as a setting in John Varley's novel "The Ophiuchi Hotline", though it is referred to by its pre-1975 name, "Poseidon". Sinope, or Jupiter IX, is a small irregular satellite of Jupiter. From the time of its discovery in 1914 until the discovery of Megaclite in 2000, it was the outermost of Jupiter's known moons. It is still the most distant Jovian moon to have a diameter of more than 10 km. Jupiter's moons in fiction Jupiter's extensive system of natural satellites

title: Many Moons (album)

text: also played guitar for Sharon van Etten, who was under the same management with Real Estate. "Many Moons" received large acclaim from contemporary music critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the album received an average score of 75, based on 16 reviews, which indicates "generally favorable reviews". Marc Hogan of Pitchfork Media gave the album a 7.0 out of 10, exclaiming, ""Many Moons" works as a remarkably cohesive album, meandering its way across themes of past and present to a state of aching clarity that's modest, but no less genuine

title: Many Moons (song)

text: Many Moons (song) "Many Moons" is a 2008 song by American singer Janelle Monáe, included on the "" album. It was number 47 on "Rolling Stone"s list of the 100 Best Songs of 2008. The song was also nominated for Best Urban/Alternative Performance at the 51st Grammy Awards. The song's opening section, which involves a refrain of "voodoo," borrows both musically and lyrically from the Pinball Number Count song from Sesame Street, which was performed by The Pointer Sisters. The video, which Monáe promoted as a short film, takes place at the Annual Android Auction in the fictional city of

title: Jupiter Icy Moons Orbiter

text: budget changes, NASA is instead considering a demonstration mission to a target closer to Earth to test out the reactor and heat rejection systems. The spacecraft would possibly be scaled down from its original size as well. When it was cancelled, the JIMO mission was in an early planning stage and launch wasn't expected before 2017. It was to be the first proposed mission of NASA's Project Prometheus, a program for developing nuclear fission into a means of spacecraft propulsion. After JIMO, NASA and ESA planned a joint mission to Jupiter's moons, the Europa Jupiter System Mission. This mission was

title: Jupiter Icy Moons Orbiter

text: and powered by a small fission reactor. A Brayton power conversion system would convert reactor heat into electricity. Providing a thousand times the electrical output of conventional solar- or radioisotope thermoelectric generator (RTG)-based power systems, the reactor was expected to open up opportunities like flying a full scale ice-penetrating radar system and providing a strong, high-bandwidth data transmitter. Using electric propulsion (8 ion engines, plus Hall thrusters of varying sizes) would make it possible to go into and leave orbits around the moons of Jupiter, creating more thorough observation and mapping windows than exist for current spacecraft, which must make

title: Galilean moons

text: history. Each generation of moons would have spiraled into Jupiter, due to drag from the disk, with new moons then forming from the new debris captured from the Solar nebula. By the time the present (possibly fifth) generation formed, the disk had thinned out to the point that it no longer greatly interfered with the moons' orbits. The current Galilean moons were still affected, falling into and being partially protected by an orbital resonance which still exists for Io, Europa, and Ganymede. Ganymede's larger mass means that it would have migrated inward at a faster rate than Europa or Io.

title: Jupiter

text: their orbital elements. Since then, the large number of new small outer moons has complicated this picture. There are now thought to be six main groups, although some are more distinct than others. A basic sub-division is a grouping of the eight inner regular moons, which have nearly circular orbits near the plane of Jupiter's equator and are thought to have formed with Jupiter. The remainder of the moons consist of an unknown number of small irregular moons with elliptical and inclined orbits, which are thought to be captured asteroids or fragments of captured asteroids. Irregular moons that belong to

title: Lucky Starr and the Moons of Jupiter

text: only 23 miles. Part of the novel is also set on Io, the innermost of the Galilean moons. Io is depicted as having a thin atmosphere of methane, and fields of ammonia snow and ice, as well as rivers of liquid ammonia. For six years, Jupiter IX has been the site of a secret project to develop an antigravity, or Agrav, space drive; but the Council of Science learns that information from the project is released to the enemy Sirians. A month after returning from Mercury, protagonists David "Lucky" Starr and John Bigman Jones are sent to Jupiter IX to

title: Galilean moons

text: the celatone. The method was used by Cassini and Picard to re-map France. Some models predict that there may have been several generations of Galilean satellites in Jupiter's early history. Each generation of moons to have formed would have spiraled into Jupiter and been destroyed, due to tidal interactions with Jupiter's proto-satellite disk, with new moons forming from the remaining debris. By the time the present generation formed, the gas in the proto-satellite disk had thinned out to the point that it no longer greatly interfered with the moons' orbits. Other models suggest that Galilean satellites formed in a proto-satellite

title: Moons of Saturn

text: astronomers but never seen again. Both moons were said to orbit between Titan and Hyperion. It is thought that the Saturnian system of Titan, mid-sized moons, and rings developed from a set-up closer to the Galilean moons of Jupiter, though the details are unclear. It has been proposed either that a second Titan-sized moon broke up, producing the rings and inner mid-sized moons, or that two large moons fused to form Titan, with the collision scattering icy debris that formed the mid-sized moons. On June 23, 2014, NASA claimed to have strong evidence that nitrogen in the atmosphere of Titan

title: Exploration of Jupiter

text: its science programme ongoing. The European Space Agency selected the L1-class JUICE mission in 2012 as part of its Cosmic Vision programme to explore three of Jupiter's Galilean moons, with a possible Ganymede lander provided by Roscosmos. JUICE is proposed to be launched in 2022. ISRO will launch the first Indian mission to Jupiter in 2022 or 2023 through Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle Mark III. Flights from Earth to other planets in the Solar System have a high energy cost. It requires almost the same amount of energy for a spacecraft to reach Jupiter from Earth's orbit as it does

title: Naming of moons

text: moons have not been named even after their orbital elements were known well enough to receive Roman numerals, and as such the only possible nomenclature for them is their Roman numeral designations; the first of these unnamed but numbered moons was Jupiter LI. The thirteen named satellites of Saturn from Aegir to Surtur were named in alphabetical order corresponding to their Roman numerals. When satellites are first discovered, they are given provisional designations such as "S/2010 J 2" (the 2nd new satellite of Jupiter discovered in 2010) or "S/2003 S 1" (the 1st new satellite of Saturn discovered in 2003).

title: The Moons of Jupiter (short story)

text: was once fact can be supplanted by new information, new facts. That evening at the hospital, she quizzes her father on the moons of Jupiter and the mythical origins of the name of the moon Ganymede, knowing that these might be the last words she will ever hear him utter. The story ends with her reflecting on the moments after the planetarium show earlier that day, in which she came to some acceptance of her older daughter's and father's respective decisions and then returned to the hospital. In her congratulatory statement on Alice Munro's Nobel Prize in Literature 2013 in

title: Naming of moons

text: were suggested by David L. Rabinowitz of Caltech and refer to the mother goddess and her daughters in Hawaiian mythology. Unlike the planets and dwarf planets, relatively few moons orbiting asteroids have been named. Among them are the following: The Roman numbering system for satellites arose with the very first discovery of natural satellites other than Earth's Moon: Galileo referred to the Galilean moons as I through IV (counting from Jupiter outward), refusing to adopt the names proposed by his rival Simon Marius. Similar numbering schemes naturally arose with the discovery of multiple moons around Saturn, Uranus, and Mars. The

title: 2009 Jupiter impact event

text: diameter, this object would have been no brighter than about apparent magnitude 25. (Jupiter shines about 130 billion times brighter than a 25th magnitude object.) Most asteroid surveys which use a wide field of view do not see fainter than about magnitude 22 (which is 16x brighter than magnitude 25). Even detecting satellites less than 10 km in diameter orbiting Jupiter is difficult and requires some of the best telescopes in the world. It is only since 1999 with the discovery of Callirrhoe that astronomers have been able to discover many of Jupiter's smallest moons. On June 3, 2010, Anthony

title: Many Moons (album)

text: of Consequence of Sound gave the album a favorable review, stating that, "In the end, Many Moons appears exactly as advertised: an album that showcases many different faces of the same essential thing. These songs won’t spark any revelations with their musings on time and the subconscious, but they might just transport you to a place that feels like a pleasant dream — a place between places, if you will, like the titular locale of closer “Airport Bar”. It’s a place that values reflection over action, a place where figuring it all out just takes time, and time is limitless.

title: Lucky Starr and the Moons of Jupiter

text: Solar Confederation; in "Big Sun of Mercury", it is the Terran Federation; and in "Moons of Jupiter" it is the Solar Federation of Worlds. The book has a number of plot points in common with Asimov's later novel "Robots of Dawn". In both novels, the investigator manages to come up with the solution when half asleep, but forgets it when awake, and considers a psychic probe as a possible way of digging it out. In both cases, the robot responsible for the deed gives itself away by finding an unconscious person despite the odds; Mutt, by infrared vision despite the

title: Lucky Starr and the Moons of Jupiter

text: of Eternity". Consequently, there are small inconsistencies between the various novels. In the first, Ganymede is mentioned as a settled world of the Solar System, although in later novels Ganymede has no permanent settlement, and has even served as the location of a secret Sirian base. The first man on Mars is named Wingrad in "David Starr, Space Ranger", but is named Ching in "Moons of Jupiter". The name of the state that rules the Solar System also changes from novel to novel. In "Pirates of the Asteroids", it is the Terrestrial Empire; in "Oceans of Venus", it is the

title: Jupiter

text: spacecraft, or delta-v. Entering a Hohmann transfer orbit from Earth to Jupiter from low Earth orbit requires a delta-v of 6.3 km/s which is comparable to the 9.7 km/s delta-v needed to reach low Earth orbit. Gravity assists through planetary flybys can be used to reduce the energy required to reach Jupiter, albeit at the cost of a significantly longer flight duration. Beginning in 1973, several spacecraft have performed planetary flyby maneuvers that brought them within observation range of Jupiter. The Pioneer missions obtained the first close-up images of Jupiter's atmosphere and several of its moons. They discovered that the

title: Moons of Neptune

text: moons of Jupiter. Two asteroids share the same names as moons of Neptune: 74 Galatea and 1162 Larissa. The moons of Neptune can be divided into two groups: regular and irregular. The first group includes the seven inner moons, which follow circular prograde orbits lying in the equatorial plane of Neptune. The second group consists of all seven other moons including Triton. They generally follow inclined eccentric and often retrograde orbits far from Neptune; the only exception is Triton, which orbits close to the planet following a circular orbit, though retrograde and inclined. In order of distance from Neptune, the

title: PGM-19 Jupiter

text: stage. ABMA and the Air Force disagree on how many flights were part of the Jupiter-A series. ABMA lists Redstone RS-11 as the first Jupiter-A launch on 22 September 1955. with RS-12 following on 5 December. This means these flights took place before the Jupiter program was even official. The Air Force states the first was on 14 March 1956. Likewise the Air Force does not claim the last three Redstone flights, RS-46, CC-43 and CC-48, to be part of the Jupiter-A program, while ABMA lists them. In total, ABMA lists 25 launches as part of the Jupiter-A series, every

title: Jupiter

text: that is closer to the Sun's equator in orbital tilt), the Kirkwood gaps in the asteroid belt are mostly caused by Jupiter, and the planet may have been responsible for the Late Heavy Bombardment of the inner Solar System's history. Along with its moons, Jupiter's gravitational field controls numerous asteroids that have settled into the regions of the Lagrangian points preceding and following Jupiter in its orbit around the Sun. These are known as the Trojan asteroids, and are divided into Greek and Trojan "camps" to commemorate the "Iliad". The first of these, 588 Achilles, was discovered by Max Wolf

title: Galilean moons

text: called Valhalla. Callisto is surrounded by an extremely thin atmosphere composed of carbon dioxide and probably molecular oxygen. Investigation revealed that Callisto may possibly have a subsurface ocean of liquid water at depths less than 300 kilometres. The likely presence of an ocean within Callisto indicates that it can or could harbour life. However, this is less likely than on nearby Europa. Callisto has long been considered the most suitable place for a human base for future exploration of the Jupiter system since it is furthest from the intense radiation of Jupiter. Fluctuations in the orbits of the moons indicate

title: Jupiter Dolichenus

text: restoration of a temple dedicated to Jupiter Dolichenus in 211/212. However, it's not clear how involved such a dignitary might have been in the cult, or whether the governor was even an initiate. The dedication could merely represent the fulfillment of political duties. The inscription does however indicate a measure of support from influential persons. Jupiter Dolichenus is frequently depicted in the company of Jupiter's consort, Juno. Within the cult of Jupiter Dolichenus, Juno takes the name Juno Dolichena. In iconography she always appears on the right of her partner. The cult of Jupiter Dolichenus also gave prominence to Apollo

title: Naming of moons

text: for the outer moons was retained, with the addition that names ending in 'o' could also be used for prograde moons. At the IAU General Assembly in July 2004, the WGPSN allowed Jovian satellites to be named for Zeus' descendants in addition to his lovers and favorites which were the previous source of names, due to the large number of new Jovian satellites that had then recently been discovered. All of Jupiter's satellites from XXXIV (Euporie) on were named for daughters of Zeus, until Jupiter LIII (Dia), named after another one of his conquests and Jupiter LXII Valetudo, named after

title: Naming of moons

text: response to Sagan) and suggested his own names in 1976; these preserved some of the names from the 1955 proposal. Karpenko had noted the same in his 1981 book "The Names of the Starry Sky", along with stating that the names chosen for retrograde moons, and therefore the "e" ending, were not always the ones for which it was the more common one. The proposals are summarized in the table below (data from "Icarus" unless specified otherwise): Current practice is that newly discovered moons of Jupiter must be named after lovers or descendants of the mythological Jupiter (Zeus). Blunck's scheme

title: Naming of moons

text: km in diameter. Until 2013, names were applied to all moons discovered, regardless of size. Since then, with the exceptions of Jupiter LIII Dia and Jupiter LXII Valetudo, no planetary satellite that was numbered received a name. Every human language has its own word for the Earth's Moon, and these words are the ones normally used in astronomical contexts. However, a number of fanciful or mythological names for the Moon have been used in the context of astronomy (an even larger number of lunar epithets have been used in non-astronomical contexts). In the 17th century, the Moon was sometimes referred

title: Many Moons (album)

text: for it." Dave Mix of Exclaim! praised the album for its simplicity, stating, ""Many Moons" is another deceptively simple, cohesive statement from an artist who is becoming more accomplished with each release. Martin Courtney has expanded, however slightly, on the Real Estate sound while continuing to find beauty in the seemingly mundane." Jonathan Bernstein of Rolling Stone gave the album three out of five stars, stating, "As a vocalist, Courtney equally evokes Kurt Vile's listlessness and Doug Martsch's heroic exhaustion, switching from detached indie drawl to earnest rocker croon from one song to the next." Bernstein was more critical of

title: Many Moons (album)

text: to release a full album when the recording and touring for "Atlas" was complete. The album's material accrued sporadically from studio sessions across Brooklyn, New York between 2013 and 2015 with Taveniere and Courtney. The album's producer, Jarvis Taveniere, also plays on the album alongside Julian Lynch and Real Estate’s Matt Kallman. The album's songs are rounded out with orchestral arrangements. Courtney stated that "Many Moons" was named a solo album because he couldn't come up with band name for that he was satisfied with for Taveniere and himself. The album was recorded at Rear House in Brooklyn, New York

title: Many Moons (song)

text: Metropolis. During the auction, Monae's alter-ego Cindi Mayweather performs for the crowd, while the other androids walk down the catwalk, and are being bought off by the wealthiest of Metropolis, such as technology moguls, city officials, religious authorities, and crime lords, while each android costing billions of British Pounds, as were being used in the short film. She eventually performs so feverishly that she shorts out, and is taken away by Lady Maestra, Master of the ShowDroids (another alter-ego). The song received a positive critical reception. Random JPop wrote "Many Moons" follows in the footsteps of "Violet Stars Happy Hunting"

title: Moons of Mars

text: Moons of Mars The two moons of Mars are Phobos and Deimos. Both were discovered by Asaph Hall in August 1877 and are named after the Greek mythological twin characters Phobos (panic/fear) and Deimos (terror/dread) who accompanied their father Ares, god of war, into battle. Ares was known as Mars to the Romans. Phobos orbits closer to Mars, with a semi-major axis of to Deimos' . The existence of the moons of Mars had been speculated about since the moons of Jupiter were discovered. It is known that when Galileo, as a hidden report about him having observed two bumps

title: Exploration of Jupiter

text: reach Europa after a 6.5 year cruise. The spacecraft would fly by the moon 32 times to minimize radiation damage. Because of the possibility of subsurface liquid oceans on Jupiter's moons Europa, Ganymede and Callisto, there has been great interest in studying the icy moons in detail. Funding difficulties have delayed progress. The "Europa Orbiter" was a planned NASA mission to Europa, which was canceled in 2002. Its main objectives included determining the presence or absence of a subsurface ocean and identifying candidate sites for future lander missions. NASA's "JIMO" ("Jupiter Icy Moons Orbiter"), which was canceled in 2005, and

title: Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer

text: resolving power of ~10 that will study Jupiter's stratosphere and troposphere, and the exospheres and surfaces of the icy moons. The GAnymede Laser Altimeter ("GALA") is a laser altimeter with a 20 m (65.6 ft) spot size and 0.1 m (3.9 in.) vertical resolution at 200 km (124.3 mi) intended for studying topography of icy moons and tidal deformations of Ganymede. The Radar for Icy Moons Exploration ("RIME") is an ice-penetrating radar working at frequency of 9 MHz (1 and 3 MHz bandwidth) emitted by a 16 m (52.5 ft) antenna that will be used to study the subsurface structure

title: Solar eclipses on Jupiter

text: to 357" at aphelion. Unlike the near coincidence of the apparent sizes of the Moon and Sun as viewed from Earth, this perspective exaggerates the apparent diameters of all the Galilean moons in comparison to the Sun. Even distant Callisto is over 50% larger, and Io is nearly six times as large. This disparity in angular size makes the moons' shadows on Jupiter more defined than the lunar shadow on Earth during a total solar eclipse, as it narrows the penumbra for a given distance. Solar eclipses on Jupiter Solar eclipses on Jupiter occur when any of the natural satellites

title: Jupiter LX

text: Jupiter LX Jupiter LX, originally known as , is a natural satellite of Jupiter. It was discovered by a team of astronomers from the University of Hawaii led by Scott S. Sheppard in 2003. Jupiter LX is about 2 kilometres in diameter, and orbits Jupiter at an average distance of 19,622 Mm in 561.518 days, at an inclination of 146° to the ecliptic (146° to Jupiter's equator), in a retrograde direction and with an eccentricity of 0.2507. It belongs to the Ananke group, retrograde irregular moons that orbit Jupiter between 19.3 and 22.7 Gm, at inclinations of roughly 150°. The

title: Jupiter mass

text: that Jupiter contains a central dense core. If so, the mass of the core is predicted to be no larger than about . The exact mass of the core is uncertain due to the relatively poor knowledge of the behavior of solid hydrogen at very high pressures. Jupiter mass Jupiter mass, also called Jovian mass, is the unit of mass equal to the total mass of the planet Jupiter. This value may refer to the mass of the planet alone, or the mass of the entire Jovian system to include the moons of Jupiter. Jupiter is by far the most

title: Jupiter mass

text: Jupiter mass Jupiter mass, also called Jovian mass, is the unit of mass equal to the total mass of the planet Jupiter. This value may refer to the mass of the planet alone, or the mass of the entire Jovian system to include the moons of Jupiter. Jupiter is by far the most massive planet in the Solar System. It is approximately 2.5 times more massive than all of the other planets in the Solar System combined. Jupiter mass is a common unit of mass in astronomy that is used to indicate the masses of other similarly-sized objects, including the

title: Europa Jupiter System Mission – Laplace

text: was to determine whether the Jupiter system harbors habitable environments, while focusing on Europa and Ganymede. The main science objectives supporting this goal were: Europa Jupiter System Mission – Laplace The Europa Jupiter System Mission – Laplace (EJSM/Laplace) was a proposed joint NASA/ESA unmanned space mission slated to launch around 2020 for the in-depth exploration of Jupiter's moons with a focus on Europa, Ganymede and Jupiter's magnetosphere. The mission would have comprised at least two independent elements, NASA's Jupiter Europa Orbiter (JEO) and ESA's Jupiter Ganymede Orbiter (JGO), to perform coordinated studies of the Jovian system. The Japan Aerospace Exploration

title: Naming of moons

text: Ares (the Greek equivalent of the Roman god Mars). The Galilean moons of Jupiter (Io, Europa, Ganymede and Callisto) were named by Simon Marius soon after their discovery in 1610. However, by the late 19th century these names had fallen out of favor, and for a long time it was most common to refer to them in the astronomical literature simply as "Jupiter I", "Jupiter II", etc., or as "the first satellite of Jupiter", "Jupiter's second satellite", etc. By the first decade of the 20th century, the names Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto had once again recovered popularity, but the

title: Jupiter trojan

text: are similar to those of the irregular moons of Jupiter and, to a certain extent, comet nuclei, though Jupiter trojans are spectrally very different from the redder Kuiper belt objects. A Jupiter trojan's spectrum can be matched to a mixture of water ice, a large amount of carbon-rich material (charcoal), and possibly magnesium-rich silicates. The composition of the Jupiter trojan population appears to be markedly uniform, with little or no differentiation between the two swarms. A team from the Keck Observatory in Hawaii announced in 2006 that it had measured the density of the binary Jupiter trojan 617 Patroclus as

title: Europa Jupiter System Mission – Laplace

text: Europa Jupiter System Mission – Laplace The Europa Jupiter System Mission – Laplace (EJSM/Laplace) was a proposed joint NASA/ESA unmanned space mission slated to launch around 2020 for the in-depth exploration of Jupiter's moons with a focus on Europa, Ganymede and Jupiter's magnetosphere. The mission would have comprised at least two independent elements, NASA's Jupiter Europa Orbiter (JEO) and ESA's Jupiter Ganymede Orbiter (JGO), to perform coordinated studies of the Jovian system. The Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) and the Russian Federal Space Agency (Roscosmos) had expressed their interest in contributing to EJSM/Laplace, although no deals had been finalized. JEO

title: Jupiter trojan

text: tholins, organic polymers formed by the Sun's radiation. The Jupiter trojans' densities (as measured by studying binaries or rotational lightcurves) vary from 0.8 to 2.5 g·cm. Jupiter trojans are thought to have been captured into their orbits during the early stages of the Solar System's formation or slightly later, during the migration of giant planets. The term "trojan" has come to be used more generally to refer to other small Solar System bodies with similar relationships to larger bodies: for example, there are both Mars trojans and Neptune trojans, and Saturn has trojan moons. NASA has announced the discovery of

title: Exploration of Jupiter

text: a European "Jovian Europa Orbiter" mission were also studied, but were superseded by the "Europa Jupiter System Mission". The "Europa Jupiter System Mission" (EJSM) was a joint NASA/ESA proposal for exploration of Jupiter and its moons. In February 2009 it was announced that both space agencies had given this mission priority ahead of the "Titan Saturn System Mission". The proposal included a launch date of around 2020 and consists of the NASA-led "Jupiter Europa Orbiter", and the ESA-led "Jupiter Ganymede Orbiter". ESA's contribution had encountered funding competition from other ESA projects. However, the "Jupiter Europa Orbiter" (JEO), NASA's contribution, was