query: When did Alexandra Graham Bell invent the telephone?

title: Bell Telephone Company

text: of 1899. AT&T had been incorporated on April 17, 1880 as American Bell's 'long lines' division to handle its long distance telecommunications. On January 1, 1900, AT&T, a publicly traded corporation, owned the major assets of American Bell and thus became the head of the Bell System. By December 31, 1900, it had 569,901 shares of stock outstanding, which rose to 18,662,275 shares at the close of 1935. Alexander Graham Bell's fiancée Mabel Hubbard was the indirect source of the Bell Telephone Company's early commercial success after his creation of the telephone. The U.S. Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia in 1876

title: Invention of the telephone

text: Gray's led to the myth that Bell had arrived at the Patent Office earlier. Bell was in Boston on February 14 and did not know this happened until later. Gray later abandoned his caveat and did not contest Bell's priority. That opened the door to Bell being granted US patent 174465 for the telephone on March 7, 1876. In 1906 the citizens of the City of Brantford, Ontario, Canada and its surrounding area formed the Bell Memorial Association to commemorate the invention of the telephone by Alexander Graham Bell in July 1874 at his parent's home, Melville House, near Brantford.

title: Elisha Gray and Alexander Bell telephone controversy

text: and Gray's sponsor Samuel S. White to abandon the caveat and not to file a patent application for the telephone. Whether Bell's application was filed before or after Gray's caveat no longer mattered, because Gray abandoned his caveat and did not contest Bell's priority, which resulted in Bell being granted for the telephone on March 7, 1876. Several conspiracy theories were presented during trials and appeals (1878–1888) in which the Bell Telephone Company sued competitors and later when Bell and his lawyers were accused of patent fraud. These theories were based on alleged corruption of the patent examiner Zenas Wilber

title: The Telephone Cases

text: a far larger and better financed competitor than American Bell Telephone. Western Union advocated several more recent patent claims of Daniel Drawbaugh, Elisha Gray, Antonio Meucci and Philip Reis in a bid to invalidate Alexander Graham Bell's master and subsidiary telephone patents dating back to March 1876. Had Western Union succeeded it would have immediately destroyed the Bell Telephone Company and then Western Union stood to become the world's largest telecommunications monopoly in Bell's place. The U.S. Supreme Court came within one vote of overturning the Bell patent, thanks to the eloquence of lawyer Lysander Hill for the Peoples Telephone

title: Bell System

text: the United States Department of Justice in 1984, at which time the Bell System ceased to exist. Receiving a U.S. patent for the invention of the telephone on March 7, 1876, Alexander Graham Bell formed the Bell Telephone Company in 1877, which in 1885 became AT&T. When Bell's original patent expired 15 years later in 1894, the telephone market opened to competition and 6,000 new telephone companies started while the Bell Telephone company took a significant financial downturn. On April 30, 1907, Theodore Newton Vail returned as President of AT&T. Vail believed in the superiority of one national telephone system

title: Invention of the telephone

text: trials involving Meucci and Alexander Graham Bell. They claim that Meucci was the actual inventor of the telephone, and base their argument on reconstructed evidence. What follows, if not otherwise stated, is a résumé of their historic reconstruction. The above information was published in the "Scientific American" Supplement No. 520 of December 19, 1876, based on reconstructions produced in 1885, for which there was no contemporary pre-1875 evidence. Meucci's 1871 caveat did not mention any of the telephone features later credited to him by his lawyer, and which were published in that Scientific American Supplement, a major reason for the

title: Invention of the telephone

text: useful and widespread apparatus it is now. The telephone exchange was an idea of the Hungarian engineer Tivadar Puskás (1844–1893) in 1876, while he was working for Thomas Edison on a telegraph exchange. Puskás was working on his idea for an electrical telegraph exchange when Alexander Graham Bell received the first patent for the telephone. This caused Puskás to take a fresh look at his own work and he refocused on perfecting a design for a telephone exchange. He then got in touch with the U.S. inventor Thomas Edison who liked the design. According to Edison, "Tivadar Puskas was the

title: Bell Labs

text: in 1889. In 1893, Bell constructed a new building, close by at 1537 35th Street N.W., specifically to house the lab. The building was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1972. After the invention of the telephone, Bell maintained a relatively distant role with the Bell System as a whole, but continued to pursue his own personal research interests. Bell Labs has its origins in the complex past of the Bell System. Alexander Graham Bell, Thomas Sanders, and Gardiner Hubbard formed the Bell Patent Association when filing the first patents for the telephone in 1876. A year later, the first

text: In 1874, Bell was in competition with Elisha Gray to be the first to invent the practical harmonic telegraph. In the summer of 1874, Gray developed a harmonic telegraph device using vibrating reeds that could transmit musical tones, but not intelligible speech. In December 1874, he demonstrated it to the public at Highland Park First Presbyterian Church. After largely abandoning his telephone experiments, fourteen months later on February 11, 1876, Gray . On February 14, Gray's lawyer with a similar diagram. The same day, Bell's lawyer filed (hand-delivered to the U.S. Patent Office) a patent application on the harmonic telegraph,

title: Telephone

text: Telephone A telephone, or phone, is a telecommunications device that permits two or more users to conduct a conversation when they are too far apart to be heard directly. A telephone converts sound, typically and most efficiently the human voice, into electronic signals that are transmitted via cables and other communication channels to another telephone which reproduces the sound to the receiving user. In 1876, Scottish emigrant Alexander Graham Bell was the first to be granted a United States patent for a device that produced clearly intelligible replication of the human voice. This instrument was further developed by many others.

title: Telephone call

text: Telephone call A telephone call is a connection over a telephone network between the called party and the calling party.081823314 The first telephone call was made on March 10, 1876 by Alexander Graham Bell. Bell demonstrated his ability to "talk with electricity" by transmitting a call to his assistant, Thomas Watson. The first words transmitted were "Mr Watson, come here. I want to see you." This event has been called Bell's "greatest success", as it demonstrated the first successful use of the telephone. Although it was his greatest success, he refused to have one in his own home because it

title: Canadian Parliamentary Motion on Alexander Graham Bell

text: will take the time to inform the U.S. Congress that indeed, yes, Virginia, Alexander Graham Bell did invent the telephone?" After the House's formal Question Period, the Deputy Prime Minister tabled the motion in the Commons affirming Alexander Graham Bell as the inventor of the telephone. The Canadian motion made no derogatory comments of Antonio Meucci, unlike the U.S. resolution's treatment of Bell. Copps' motion asserting Bell's primacy of invention was met with the unanimous approval of all four political parties, and a copy of the legislative motion was directed to the U.S. Congress. Later, addressing the media, Deputy Prime

title: Bell Telephone Company

text: companies and to provide further funds for expansion of its overall telephone infrastructure. On April 17, 1880, National Bell was split into the American Bell Telephone Company, led by Theodore Vail as general manager, and with the International Bell Telephone Company (IBTC) as a holding company for its international subsidiaries. IBTC's first non-North American subsidiary was the Bell Telephone Manufacturing Company (BTM), established by Hubbard at Antwerp, Belgium, in 1882. The Bell System's Bell Telephone Company of Canada subsidiary, wholly owned by the National Bell, had been established two years earlier. Alexander Graham Bell's ten shares of Bell Telephone Company

title: Bell Telephone Company

text: Bell Telephone Company The Bell Telephone Company, a common law joint stock company, was organized in Boston, Massachusetts on July 9, 1877, by Alexander Graham Bell's father-in-law Gardiner Greene Hubbard, who also helped organize a sister company — the New England Telephone and Telegraph Company. The Bell Telephone Company was started on the basis of holding "potentially valuable patents", principally Bell's master telephone patent #174465. The two companies merged on February 17, 1879, to form two new entities, the National Bell Telephone Company of Boston, and the International Bell Telephone Company, soon after established by Hubbard and which became headquartered

title: Bell Telephone Company

text: is now known as the Bell Homestead National Historic Site. Footnotes Citations Bibliography Bell Telephone Company The Bell Telephone Company, a common law joint stock company, was organized in Boston, Massachusetts on July 9, 1877, by Alexander Graham Bell's father-in-law Gardiner Greene Hubbard, who also helped organize a sister company — the New England Telephone and Telegraph Company. The Bell Telephone Company was started on the basis of holding "potentially valuable patents", principally Bell's master telephone patent #174465. The two companies merged on February 17, 1879, to form two new entities, the National Bell Telephone Company of Boston, and the

title: Alexander Graham Bell

text: major awards, medals, and other tributes. These included statuary monuments to both him and the new form of communication his telephone created, including the Bell Telephone Memorial erected in his honor in "Alexander Graham Bell Gardens" in Brantford, Ontario, in 1917. A large number of Bell's writings, personal correspondence, notebooks, papers, and other documents reside in both the United States Library of Congress Manuscript Division (as the "Alexander Graham Bell Family Papers"), and at the Alexander Graham Bell Institute, Cape Breton University, Nova Scotia; major portions of which are available for online viewing. A number of historic sites and other

title: Alexander Graham Bell

text: Alexander Graham Bell Alexander Graham Bell (March 3, 1847 – August 2, 1922) was a Scottish-born scientist, inventor, engineer, and innovator who is credited with inventing and patenting the first practical telephone. He also founded the American Telephone and Telegraph Company (AT&T) in 1885. Bell's father, grandfather, and brother had all been associated with work on elocution and speech and both his mother and wife were deaf, profoundly influencing Bell's life's work. His research on hearing and speech further led him to experiment with hearing devices which eventually culminated in Bell being awarded the first U.S. patent for the telephone

text: as Wilber, and Jason Ritter as Elisha Gray. This reenactment claimed that Alexander Graham Bell definitely stole the necessary knowledge from the examiner Wilber, and that Graham Bell was a villain who stole all of the glory whilst Gray was the real inventor. None of the vagaries of this controversy were discussed in any depth. Elisha Gray and Alexander Bell telephone controversy The Elisha Gray and Alexander Graham Bell controversy concerns the question of whether Gray and Bell invented the telephone independently. This issue is narrower than the question of who deserves credit for inventing the telephone, for which there

title: International Bell Telephone Company

text: International Bell Telephone Company The International Bell Telephone Company (IBTC) of Brussels, Belgium, was created in 1879 by the Bell Telephone Company of Boston, Massachusetts, a precursor entity to AT&T, initially to sell imported telephones and switchboards in Continental Europe. IBTC rapidly evolved into an important European telephone service provider and manufacturer, with major operations in several countries. AT&T, its U.S. parent, later sold its entire European division and IBTC's subsidiaries to the International Telephone & Telegraph Company of Cuba in 1925, ending a 46-year presence on the Continent. In 1879 Gardiner Hubbard, father-in-law of Alexander Graham Bell and the

title: Alexander Graham Bell

text: his grandchildren. "U.S. patent images in TIFF format" Alexander Graham Bell Alexander Graham Bell (March 3, 1847 – August 2, 1922) was a Scottish-born scientist, inventor, engineer, and innovator who is credited with inventing and patenting the first practical telephone. He also founded the American Telephone and Telegraph Company (AT&T) in 1885. Bell's father, grandfather, and brother had all been associated with work on elocution and speech and both his mother and wife were deaf, profoundly influencing Bell's life's work. His research on hearing and speech further led him to experiment with hearing devices which eventually culminated in Bell being

title: Bell Telephone Company

text: local phone companies. In 2005, AT&T would later be acquired by one of its former local phone companies SBC Communications which became the "New AT&T". In 1906 the citizens of the City of Brantford, Ontario, Canada and its surrounding area formed the Bell Memorial Association to commemorate the invention of the telephone by Alexander Graham Bell in July 1874 at his parent's home, Melville House, near Brantford. Walter Allward's design was the unanimous choice from among 10 submitted models, winning the competition. The memorial was planned to be completed by 191 but Allward did not finish it until five years

title: International Bell Telephone Company

text: kilometers of telephone lines. The largest exchanges were in Rome (2,022 subscribers), Milan (1,089), Genoa (950) and Naples (873). The International Bell Telephone Company was also responsible for the introduction of the telephone into Norway, and Sweden. In 1881, exchanges were established in Stockholm, Gothenburg, and Malmö. IBTC established Sweden's first telephone company, Stockholms Bell Telefonaktiebolag, formed with the assistance of three former Swedish PTT superintendents named Lybeck, Bratt and Recin. The new company established their first exchange in the Skandinaviska Kreditaktiebolag Building on Västerlånggatan Street in Stockholm, originally utilizing equipment designed by Alexander Graham Bell and his assistant Thomas

text: Elisha Gray and Alexander Bell telephone controversy The Elisha Gray and Alexander Graham Bell controversy concerns the question of whether Gray and Bell invented the telephone independently. This issue is narrower than the question of who deserves credit for inventing the telephone, for which there are several claimants. At issue are roles of each inventor's lawyers, the filing of patent documents, and allegations of theft. Alexander Graham Bell was a professor of elocution at Boston University and tutor of deaf children. He had begun electrical experiments in Scotland in 1867 and, after emigrating to Boston, pursued research into a method

text: 2011), a patent was granted to the first to invent and not to the first to file, and therefore it should not have made any difference whether Bell or Gray filed first. The popular belief was that Bell arrived at the patent office an hour or two before his rival Elisha Gray, and that Gray lost his rights to the telephone as a result. That did not happen, according to Evenson. According to Gray's account, his patent caveat was taken to the US patent office a few hours before Bell's application, shortly after the patent office opened, and remained near

title: The Telephone Cases

text: with Antonio Meucci, as shown in the Canadian Parliamentary Motion on Alexander Graham Bell, itself a response to the United States HRes. 269 on Antonio Meucci. The Telephone Cases The Telephone Cases, 126 U.S. 1 (1888), were a series of U.S. court cases in the 1870s and 1880s related to the invention of the telephone, which culminated in the 1888 decision of the United States Supreme Court upholding the priority of the patents belonging to Alexander Graham Bell. Those telephone patents were relied on by the American Bell Telephone Company and the Bell System—although they had also acquired critical microphone

title: Bell Telephone Company

text: American Telephone & Telegraph Company (AT&T), at times the world's largest telephone company. The Bell Patent Association (February 27, 1875 – July 9, 1877, a name later assigned by historians), was not a corporate entity but a trusteeship and a partnership. It was established verbally in 1874 to be the holders of the patents produced by Alexander Graham Bell and his assistant Thomas Watson. Approximate one-third interests were at first held by Gardiner Greene Hubbard, a lawyer and Bell's future father-in-law; Thomas Sanders, the well-to-do leather merchant father of one of Bell's deaf students (and who was the first to

title: Alexander Graham Bell tower

text: Alexander Graham Bell tower The Alexander Graham Bell tower refers to a planned tower that would have been constructed at Boston University as a tribute to former faculty member Alexander Graham Bell, who invented the telephone while at the university. Intended to sit behind Marsh Chapel on the Charles River, the Collegiate Gothic masonry spire was to be modeled on the tower of St. Botolph's Church in Boston, England, the town from which Boston, Massachusetts takes its name. The tower at St. Botolph's is commonly known as "the Boston Stump." The tower was first planned in 1920 as part of

title: The Story of Alexander Graham Bell

text: last part depicts the legal struggle against Western Union over patent priority in the invention of the telephone, ending with a courtroom victory. The final scene has the hero contemplating manned flight, under his wife's adoring gaze. The film is recognized by American Film Institute in these lists: The Story of Alexander Graham Bell The Story of Alexander Graham Bell is a somewhat fictionalized 1939 biographical film of the famous inventor. It was filmed in black-and-white and released by Twentieth Century-Fox. The film stars Don Ameche as Bell and Loretta Young as Mabel, his wife, who contracted scarlet fever at

text: Canadian Parliamentary Motion on Alexander Graham Bell The first session of Canada's 37th Parliament unanimously passed a Canadian Parliamentary Motion on Alexander Graham Bell on June 21, 2002, to affirm that Alexander Graham Bell was the inventor of the telephone. The symbolic motion was a response to the 107th United States Congress' earlier resolution (HRes 269) of June 11, 2002, which recognized the contributions of Antonio Meucci. Due to a misleading press release issued by U.S. Congressman Vito Fossella, this was interpreted by some as establishing priority for the invention of the telephone to Meucci. The House of Representatives' Resolution

title: Bell Telephone Company

text: enter into an agreement with Bell); and finally by Alexander Graham Bell. Hubbard later registered some of his shares with two other family members. An approximate 10% interest of the patent association was later assigned by its principals to Bell's technical assistant Thomas Watson, in lieu of salary and for his earlier financial support to Bell while they worked together creating their first functional telephones. The verbal patent association agreement was formalized in a memorandum of agreement on February 27, 1875. The patent association's assets became the foundational assets of the Bell Telephone Company. At the time of the organization

title: Alexander Graham Bell

text: by the villagers as "their own". The Bells were still in residence at "Beinn Bhreagh" when the Halifax Explosion occurred on December 6, 1917. Mabel and Bell mobilized the community to help victims in Halifax. Although Alexander Graham Bell is most often associated with the invention of the telephone, his interests were extremely varied. According to one of his biographers, Charlotte Gray, Bell's work ranged "unfettered across the scientific landscape" and he often went to bed voraciously reading the "Encyclopædia Britannica", scouring it for new areas of interest. The range of Bell's inventive genius is represented only in part by

title: Alexander Graham Bell

text: on June 11, 2002, stated that Meucci's "work in the invention of the telephone should be acknowledged". This did not put an end to the still-contentious issue. Some modern scholars do not agree with the claims that Bell's work on the telephone was influenced by Meucci's inventions. The value of the Bell patent was acknowledged throughout the world, and patent applications were made in most major countries, but when Bell delayed the German patent application, the electrical firm of Siemens & Halske (S&H) set up a rival manufacturer of Bell telephones under their own patent. The Siemens company produced near-identical

text: appointed a special committee to investigate the Pan-Electric matter and Garland's actions. The April 8 affidavit was published in the "Washington Post" on May 22, 1886. Three days later, the Post published a sworn denial from Bell, which was also reprinted in "The Electrical World". Bell swore that he never gave any money to Wilbur, and that "Mr. Wilbur did not show me Gray's caveat of the drawing of it or any portion of either." The theory that Alexander Graham Bell stole the idea of the telephone rests on the similarity between drawings of liquid transmitters in his lab notebook

title: IEEE Alexander Graham Bell Medal

text: IEEE Alexander Graham Bell Medal The IEEE Alexander Graham Bell Medal is an award honoring ""exceptional contributions to the advancement of communications sciences and engineering"" in the field of telecommunications. The medal is one of the highest honor awarded by the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers for achievements in telecommunication sciences and engineering. It was instituted in 1976 by the directors of the world's largest professional society, the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE), commemorating the centennial of the invention of the telephone by Alexander Graham Bell. The award is presented either to an individual, or to a

title: Alexander Graham Bell honors and tributes

text: New Zealand: In Russia: In South Africa:, In Switzerland: In Spain: In The Netherlands: In the United Kingdom (partial list): In the United States (partial list): The 'Bell' trademark has been used and is "still" in use with a variety of telephone companies in North America and around the world, including (partial list): Alexander Graham Bell honors and tributes Alexander Graham Bell honors and tributes include honours bestowed upon him and awards named for him. Alexander Graham Bell received numerous tributes during his life, and new awards were subsequently named for him posthumously. Among those tributes: A number of schools,

text: Alexander Graham Bell honors and tributes Alexander Graham Bell honors and tributes include honours bestowed upon him and awards named for him. Alexander Graham Bell received numerous tributes during his life, and new awards were subsequently named for him posthumously. Among those tributes: A number of schools, institutes, organizations, academic scholarships, awards, and places have been named in honour of Bell. A number of historic sites and other marks also commemorate both him and the first telephone company buildings. Among them are: Of international stature (partial list): In Canada (partial list): In France: In India: In Germany: In Mexico: In

title: Alexander Graham Bell

text: and served as its president from 1891–92. Bell was later awarded the AIEE's Edison Medal in 1914 "For meritorious achievement in the invention of the telephone". The "bel" (B) and the smaller "decibel" (dB) are units of measurement of power level invented by Bell Labs and named after him. Since 1976, the IEEE's Alexander Graham Bell Medal has been awarded to honor outstanding contributions in the field of telecommunications. In 1936, the US Patent Office declared Bell first on its list of the country's greatest inventors, leading to the US Post Office issuing a commemorative stamp honoring Bell in 1940

title: Alexander Graham Bell

text: and incising the recording rather than indenting it, key upgrades that Edison himself later adopted. The laboratory was also the site where he and his associate invented his "proudest achievement", "the photophone", the "optical telephone" which presaged fibre optical telecommunications while the Volta Bureau would later evolve into the Alexander Graham Bell Association for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing (the AG Bell), a leading center for the research and pedagogy of deafness. In partnership with Gardiner Greene Hubbard, Bell helped establish the publication "Science" during the early 1880s. In 1898, Bell was elected as the second president of the

title: Alexandra Bell

text: Alexandra Bell Alexandra Bell (born 1983) is an American multidisciplinary artist. Bell is known for her "Counternarratives" project of super-sized "New York Times" articles edited to reveal biases and assumptions about race and gender. She is a 2018 Infinity Award recipient. Bell lives is Brooklyn, New York. Bell received her Masters in Journalism from the Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism in 2013. Bell grew up in Chicago. Her mother discussed politics with her and encouraged critical thinking. A middle school teacher encouraged her to read the Chicago Defender, a black-owned newspaper. Bell studied media, race, politics, and film at

title: CGS Graham Bell

text: launched at Levis, Quebec on 11 June 1929. "Graham Bell" was then towed to Churchill, Manitoba by another tug, "Ocean Eagle", in 1929, to assist in the construction of new port facilities. "Graham Bell" was the tug that first brought a local pilot to , the first freighter to visit Churchill's newly completed port facilities, in 1933. During the Second World War "Graham Bell" left Churchill, when the vessel was pressed into service on the East Coast of Canada for towing duties. The tugboat returned to Churchill following the war. where she was wrecked. CGS Graham Bell CGS "Graham Bell"

title: The Telephone Cases

text: The Telephone Cases The Telephone Cases, 126 U.S. 1 (1888), were a series of U.S. court cases in the 1870s and 1880s related to the invention of the telephone, which culminated in the 1888 decision of the United States Supreme Court upholding the priority of the patents belonging to Alexander Graham Bell. Those telephone patents were relied on by the American Bell Telephone Company and the Bell System—although they had also acquired critical microphone patents from Emile Berliner. The objector (or plaintiff) in the notable Supreme Court case was initially the Western Union telegraph company, which was at the time

title: History of the telephone

text: recognized by the U.S. House of Representatives for his contributory work on the telephone. Several other controversies also surround the question of priority of invention for the telephone. The Elisha Gray and Alexander Bell telephone controversy considers the question of whether Bell and Gray invented the telephone independently and, if not, whether Bell stole the invention from Gray. This controversy is narrower than the broader question of who deserves credit for inventing the telephone, for which there are several claimants. The Canadian Parliamentary Motion on Alexander Graham Bell article reviews the controversial June 2002 United States House of Representatives resolution

title: The Bell Telephone Hour

text: The Bell Telephone Hour The Bell Telephone Hour (also known as The Telephone Hour) is a concert series which began April 29, 1940, on NBC Radio and was heard on NBC until June 30, 1958. Sponsored by Bell Telephone as the name implies, it showcased the best in classical and Broadway music, reaching eight to nine million listeners each week. It continued on television from 1959 to 1968. Throughout the program's run on both radio and television, the studio orchestra on the program was conducted by Donald Voorhees. After early shows featuring James Melton and Francia White as soloists, producer

title: Bell Telephone Company

text: in their country. The International Bell Telephone Company (IBTC) shortly evolved into a holding company for its various telephone service and production divisions, with its major manufacturing arm being the Bell Telephone Manufacturing Company (BTMC), which was founded in Antwerp, Belgium, on 26 April 1882. BTMC was created as a joint venture by the International Bell Telephone Company of New York and the Western Electric Company of Chicago, Illinois. BTMC then established la "Compagnie Belge du Téléphone Bell" ("Bell Telephone Company of Belgium") in the same year as its Belgian operating subsidiary for telephone service, one of several companies that

title: The Bell Telephone Hour

text: Wallace Magill restructured the format on April 27, 1942, into the "Great Artists Series" of concert and opera performers, beginning with Jascha Heifetz. The list of talents heard over the years included Marian Anderson, Bing Crosby, Margaret Daum, Nelson Eddy, Benny Goodman, Josef Hofmann, José Iturbi, Fritz Kreisler, Oscar Levant, Ezio Pinza, Lily Pons, Gladys Swarthout, and Helen Traubel. The series returned to radio in 1968-69 as "Bell Telephone Hour Encores" ("Encores from the Bell Telephone Hour") featuring highlights and interviews from the original series. The Bell Telephone Hour Orchestra included the clarinetist and saxophonist Joe Allard, who is well

text: 10 days earlier by only a single Congressional body to recognize the "...work in the invention of the telephone" made by Antonio Meucci", but also impugning the character of Alexander Graham Bell. The perceived attack on Bell's primacy and character did not sit well with many Canadians and their parliamentarians, in a country where the inventor-scientist is often viewed as a native son. Only days after the U.S. resolution was announced, Major Chris Friel of Brantford, Ontario near the site where Bell invented the telephone's theoretical concept, dismissed the U.S. resolution out of hand, stating ""Absolutely, the credit [for the

title: Bell Telephone Company

text: in Brussels, Belgium. Theodore Vail then took over its operations at that point, becoming a central figure in its rapid growth and commercial success. The National Bell Telephone Company merged with American Speaking Telephone Company on March 20, 1880, to form the American Bell Telephone Company, also of Boston, Massachusetts. Upon its inception, the Bell Telephone Company was organized with Hubbard as "trustee", although he was additionally its "de facto" president, since he also controlled his daughter's shares by power of attorney, and with Thomas Sanders, its principal financial backer, as treasurer. The American Bell Telephone Company evolved into the

title: Alexandra Bell

text: "58 and Still Fussing" about the "contrasting size and placement of two feature articles on tennis players retired player John McEnroe and Venus Williams." Charlottesville is based on "The New York Times" article "White Nationalist Protest Leads to Deadly Violence" "deconstructs how The New York Times presented its main news article about the racially charged marches in Charlottesville, Va." Alexandra Bell Alexandra Bell (born 1983) is an American multidisciplinary artist. Bell is known for her "Counternarratives" project of super-sized "New York Times" articles edited to reveal biases and assumptions about race and gender. She is a 2018 Infinity Award recipient.

title: Alexandra Bell (athlete)

text: Alexandra Bell (athlete) Alexandra Bell (born 4 November 1992) is a British athlete who competed for England at the 2018 Commonwealth Games in Gold Coast, Australia. Bell competes for Pudsey & Bramley Athletics Club. In 2016, Bell competed at her first Diamond League fixture, finishing seventh, and was the fifth fastest British 800 metres runner. In 2018, she competed for the first time at the Great Edinburgh International Cross Country. Bell finished fifth in the 800 metres at the 2018 Commonwealth Games in Gold Coast, Australia. In May 2018, Bell became the first British woman to run 800 metres in

title: Bell Telephone Company

text: exhibition and display his works, so she secretly bought his train ticket to Philadelphia, packed his bag, and then took the unknowing Bell to Boston's train station, where she told her shocked fiancé that he was going on a trip. When Bell started arguing, Mabel turned her sight away from him and became literally deaf to his protests. In 1879 Gardiner Hubbard founded the International Bell Telephone Company in order to promote sales of its telephone equipment throughout Europe. During his tour of the continent, the Belgian government offered him the greatest financial incentives to establish his European subsidiary's headquarters

title: Alexandra Bell (athlete)

text: under 2 minutes at the British Milers’ Club Grand Prix. In July 2018, Bell was not selected for the 800 metre event at the 2018 European Championships, despite having run faster than two of the athletes selected. Alexandra Bell (athlete) Alexandra Bell (born 4 November 1992) is a British athlete who competed for England at the 2018 Commonwealth Games in Gold Coast, Australia. Bell competes for Pudsey & Bramley Athletics Club. In 2016, Bell competed at her first Diamond League fixture, finishing seventh, and was the fifth fastest British 800 metres runner. In 2018, she competed for the first time

title: Bell Telephone Company

text: of the Bell Telephone Company as an association (also known as the Bell Company), on July 9, 1877, as a joint stock company in 1877 by Hubbard, who soon became its trustee and "de facto" president, 5,000 shares in total were issued to: The Bell Telephone Company was incorporated in Massachusetts on July 30, 1878 with 4,500 shares of stock. It then merged with the New England Telephone and Telegraph Company (incorporated on February 12, 1878) to form the National Bell Telephone Company (incorporated on March 13, 1879 with 7,280 shares, later increased to 8,500 shares in May 1880). A

title: Telephone

text: "voice", together meaning "distant voice". Credit for the invention of the electric telephone is frequently disputed. As with other influential inventions such as radio, television, the light bulb, and the computer, several inventors pioneered experimental work on "voice transmission over a wire" and improved on each other's ideas. New controversies over the issue still arise from time to time. Charles Bourseul, Antonio Meucci, Johann Philipp Reis, Alexander Graham Bell, and Elisha Gray, amongst others, have all been credited with the invention of the telephone. Alexander Graham Bell was the first to be awarded a patent for the electric telephone by

title: History of the telephone

text: patents, however, were commercially decisive, because they dominated telephone technology and were upheld by court decisions in the United States. The modern telephone is the result of work of many people. Alexander Graham Bell was, however, the first to patent the telephone, as an "apparatus for transmitting vocal or other sounds telegraphically". Bell has most often been credited as the inventor of the first practical telephone. However, in Germany Johann Philipp Reis is seen as a leading telephone pioneer who stopped only just short of a successful device, and as well the Italian-American inventor and businessman Antonio Meucci has been

title: International Bell Telephone Company

text: divested almost all international interests held by the Bell System in 1925, with the exceptions of the Bell Telephone Company of Canada and Northern Electric. The European division and its subsidiaries were sold to the International Telephone & Telegraph Company of Cuba, at the start of that company's meteoric rise in the international telecommunications industry. International Bell Telephone Company The International Bell Telephone Company (IBTC) of Brussels, Belgium, was created in 1879 by the Bell Telephone Company of Boston, Massachusetts, a precursor entity to AT&T, initially to sell imported telephones and switchboards in Continental Europe. IBTC rapidly evolved into an

title: International Bell Telephone Company

text: first president of the Bell Telephone Company, founded the International Bell Telephone Company in order to promote sales of its telephone equipment throughout Europe. During his tour of the continent the Belgian government offered him the greatest financial incentives to establish his European subsidiary's headquarters in their country. The International Bell Telephone Company (IBTC) shortly evolved into a holding company for its various telephone service and production divisions, with its major manufacturing arm being the Bell Telephone Manufacturing Company (BTMC), which was founded in Antwerp, Belgium, on 26 April 1882. BTMC was created as a joint venture by the International

title: Pacific Bell Telephone Co. v. linkLine Communications, Inc.

text: Pacific Bell Telephone Co. v. linkLine Communications, Inc. Pacific Bell Telephone Co. v. linkLine Communications, Inc., 555 U.S. 438 (2009), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court unanimously held that Pacific Bell d/b/a AT&T did not violate the Sherman Antitrust Act when it charged other Internet providers a high fee to buy space on its phone lines to deliver an Internet connection. The court ruled that where there is no duty to deal at the wholesale level and no predatory pricing at the retail level, a firm is not required to price both of these services

title: Graham Bell (skier)

text: Rod Bell and teacher Jean Bell. Graham’s love of skiing started at age 5 when his father was posted to Edinburgh, Scotland. He learned to ski in the Cairngorm Mountains and Hillend dry slope. By the time the family moved to Yorkshire, England (where his father was posted), Graham and his brother Martin were both racing full-time on the World Cup circuit, although they developed close ties with Harrogate dry ski slope hold coaching camps there in the summer. Rod Bell continued to fly with the RAF teaching at the Central Flying School. In 2005 when Graham flew with the

title: Bell Telephone Company

text: provided such service in the country, the others having evolved principally from telegraph carriers. BTMC eventually came under complete ownership by Western Electric, and also established other divisions as national companies across Continental Europe and Russia. Western Electric was itself later majority owned by the American Bell Telephone Company, returning indirect control of BTMC back to the Bell organization. At the close of 1899, the American Bell Telephone Company was acquired, for business purposes, by its own subsidiary, the American Telephone & Telegraph Company (AT&T), which then became the head of the monolithic and monopolistic Bell System. Significant criticism of

title: Bell Telephone Company

text: stock were later converted into a "single" share of the American Bell Telephone Company, and still later into "two" shares of the American Telephone and Telegraph Company. AT&T President Frederick Fish later returned Bell's single American Bell Telephone Company share to him as a memento after it had been converted and canceled. Of the Bell Company's original shareholders, Thomas Watson resigned his position in 1881 with his shares bringing him up to the status of a millionaire, thereafter living a colourful life as a Shakespearean actor and later as a shipyard owner and ship builder—always retaining his friendship with Bell.

title: International Bell Telephone Company

text: Bell Telephone Company of New York and the Western Electric Company of Chicago. BTMC then established la "Compagnie Belge du Téléphone Bell" ("Bell Telephone Company of Belgium") in the same year as its Belgian operating subsidiary, one of several companies that provided telephone services in the country, the others having evolved principally from telegraph carriers. BTMC came under majority ownership by the telephone manufacturer Western Electric, and also established multiple other divisions as national companies across Continental Europe and Russia. Western Electric was itself later majority owned by the American Bell Telephone Company, returning control of BTMC back to the

title: Bell Telephone Company

text: further yearly, eventually creating a continent-wide telephone system. On December 30, 1899, the assets of American Bell were transferred into its subsidiary American Telephone and Telegraph Company (formerly "AT&T Long Lines"); this was because Massachusetts corporate laws were very restrictive, and limited capitalization to $10 million, forestalling American Bell's further growth. With this assets transfer on December 30, 1899, AT&T became the parent of both American Bell and the Bell System. John Elbridge Hudson joined Bell Telephone as counsel in 1880 and served as president from 1889 to 1900. In 1984, the US Justice Department forced AT&T to divest its

title: CGS Graham Bell

text: CGS Graham Bell CGS "Graham Bell" was a Canadian government tugboat that was wrecked, and beached, while operating out of Churchill, Manitoba. Entering service in 1929, "Graham Bell" was brought to Churchill specifically to aid in the construction of port facilities. Operating out of Churchill, "Graham Bell" left only during the Second World War after being loaned by the government to assist in towing duties along the East Coast of Canada. Following the war, the tugboat returned to Churchill. "Graham Bell" was tugboat with a tonnage of . Constructed by Davie Shipbuilding with the yard number 504, the tugboat was

text: price-squeeze claims, and prudential concerns favored answering the question presented. Pacific Bell Telephone Co. v. linkLine Communications, Inc. Pacific Bell Telephone Co. v. linkLine Communications, Inc., 555 U.S. 438 (2009), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court unanimously held that Pacific Bell d/b/a AT&T did not violate the Sherman Antitrust Act when it charged other Internet providers a high fee to buy space on its phone lines to deliver an Internet connection. The court ruled that where there is no duty to deal at the wholesale level and no predatory pricing at the retail level, a

title: Bell Canada

text: Alexander Graham Bell, providing stovepipe wire with which Bell conducted his early telephone experiments from his father's home in Tutelo Heights, Ontario, and also building some 2,398 telephones to Bell's specifications for the Canadian market until James Cowherd's untimely death from tuberculosis in 1881. With a government-granted monopoly on Canadian long-distance telephone service, The Bell Telephone Company of Canada was serving 237,000 subscribers by 1914. Since its early years The Bell Telephone Company of Canada, Ltd. had been known colloquially as "The Bell" or "Bell Telephone". On March 7, 1968, Canadian federal legislation renamed The Bell Telephone Company of Canada,

title: Mary Alexandra Bell Eastlake

text: Canada and the United States. Her works are part of the collections in the National Gallery of Canada. Mary Alexandra Bell Eastlake Mary Alexandra Bell Eastlake (née, Mary Alexandra Bell; 1864, Douglas, Ontario - 1951, Ottawa) was a Canadian painter most notable for her portraits of children, as well as a jewelry designer and producer. Eastlake received her education at AAM School (Robert Harris; Montreal), the Art Students League of New York (William Merritt Chase) , and Academie Colarossi (Courtois and Delsunce; Paris). She exhibited at and was elected an associate of RCA. After marrying Charles Herbert Eastlake, an English

title: Mary Alexandra Bell Eastlake

text: Mary Alexandra Bell Eastlake Mary Alexandra Bell Eastlake (née, Mary Alexandra Bell; 1864, Douglas, Ontario - 1951, Ottawa) was a Canadian painter most notable for her portraits of children, as well as a jewelry designer and producer. Eastlake received her education at AAM School (Robert Harris; Montreal), the Art Students League of New York (William Merritt Chase) , and Academie Colarossi (Courtois and Delsunce; Paris). She exhibited at and was elected an associate of RCA. After marrying Charles Herbert Eastlake, an English painter, and director of the Chelsea Polytechnic, she moved to England and devoted time to learn enamelling and

title: Alexander Graham Bell

text: copies of the Bell telephone without having to pay royalties. The establishment of the International Bell Telephone Company in Brussels, Belgium in 1880, as well as a series of agreements in other countries eventually consolidated a global telephone operation. The strain put on Bell by his constant appearances in court, necessitated by the legal battles, eventually resulted in his resignation from the company. On July 11, 1877, a few days after the Bell Telephone Company was established, Bell married Mabel Hubbard (1857–1923) at the Hubbard estate in Cambridge, Massachusetts. His wedding present to his bride was to turn over 1,487

title: Graham Bell Island

text: and is a significant geographical landmark. and it is partly glacierized. The highest point of Graham Bell Island, , is the summit of "Kupol Vetrenyy" (Купол Ветреный) "Windy Dome", a large ice dome covering the western part of the island. This island was named after inventor Alexander Graham Bell. Graham Bell Island should not be confused with the smaller Bell Island which is also part of the Franz Josef Archipelago and which named after the shape, not the person. Graham Bell Island is home to a Cold War outpost and to the airfield Greem Bell () on the Northeastern end

text: including its use for transmitting vocal sounds. On February 19, the patent office suspended Bell's application for three months to give Gray time to submit a full patent application with claims, after which the patent office would begin interference proceedings to determine whether Bell or Gray were first to invent the claimed subject matter of the telephone. At that time, the USPTO required the submission of a working patent model for the patent application to be accepted, with the acceptance process often taking years, and with interference proceedings that often involved public hearings—although the U.S. Congress had abolished the requirement

title: International Bell Telephone Company

text: Bell organization. The Bell Telephone Manufacturing Company (BTMC) was opened on 26 April 1882 as the principal manufacturing arm to assist International Bell with its growth throughout all of Europe, where many countries had nationalistic trade policies favouring domestic suppliers. BTMC was owned 45% by American Bell Telephone, and 55% by Bell's major U.S. supplier, Western Electric (of which Bell was also a majority stakeholder). Western Electric, a U.S. company formed during the era of the telegraph, became American Bell's sole telephone supplier the same year. In a share sale to Western Electric, American Bell later disposed of its ownership

title: Graham Bell (artist)

text: was becoming one of the most sensitive and conscientious artistic careers. In 1960, Harriet Graham Bell, Frank's only daughter, married art collector John Cullis. After the war Lund Humphries published "The Paintings of Graham Bell with an introduction by Sir Kenneth Clark" (1947), and the Arts Council of Great Britain included some of Bell's work in their exhibition, "The Euston Road School" (1948). Graham Bell (artist) Frank Graham Bell (21 November 1910 – 9 August 1943), known as Graham, was a painter of portraits, landscapes and still-life, and a founder member of the realist Euston Road School. He was also

title: Graham Bell (artist)

text: Graham Bell (artist) Frank Graham Bell (21 November 1910 – 9 August 1943), known as Graham, was a painter of portraits, landscapes and still-life, and a founder member of the realist Euston Road School. He was also a journalist and writer on art and the artist. Born in South Africa, he spent most of his career in Britain (1931-1943), where he died in a flying accident during World War II. Frank Graham Bell was born on 21 November 1910 in present-day South Africa, in Durban or Transvaal Province. He had a younger brother, Geoffrey Graham Bell, who also became an

title: Willis Graham Act

text: Willis Graham Act The Willis Graham Act of 1921 effectively established telephone companies as natural monopolies, citing that "there is nothing to be gained by local competition in the telephone industry." This repealed the Kingsbury Commitment, allowing AT&T to merge with or acquire competing telephone companies if the ICC approved. AT&T was incorporated in 1885 as a wholly owned subsidiary of American Bell. On December 30, 1899, AT&T acquired the assets of American Bell and became the parent company of the Bell System. In order to extend service nationwide, some inventions had to be developed to propagate the telephone signal,

title: Bell Telephone Company

text: a message. The Bell Telephone Memorial's grandeur has been described as the finest example of Allward's early work, propelling the sculptor to fame. The memorial itself has been used as a central fixture for many civic events and remains an important part of Brantford's history, helping the city of Brantford to style itself as" 'The Telephone City'." The Bell Memorial Association also purchased the Bell family's former farmhouse, Melville House, and its orchard at Tutela Heights, opening it as a museum to the family and to the invention of the telephone. In 1996, it was declared a historic landmark, and

title: The Bell Telephone Hour

text: the program was switched back to its old Friday night time slot and the format changed from a videotaped and mostly musical presentation to filmed documentaries about classical musicians made on location. By this point, "The Bell Telephone Hour" was seen as a relic of a bygone era in television history. One of the most notable of the "Bell Telephone Hour" documentary programs combined a tour of the Museo del Prado in Madrid, with performances by such noted Spanish musicians as Andrés Segovia, Alicia de Larrocha, and Victoria de los Ángeles. Another was a profile of Cleveland Orchestra conductor George

title: Graham Bell Island

text: Graham Bell Island Graham Bell Island (, "Ostrov Greem-Bell") is an island in the Franz Josef Archipelago in the Arctic Ocean, and is administratively part of Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia. Graham Bell Island is one of the largest islands of the group. It lies east of Wilczek Land, separated from it by a narrow sound known as Morgan Sound (Пролив Моргана; Proliv Morgana). It is also the easternmost island of Franz Josef Land. Cape Kohlsaat, the easternmost point of the archipelago at 81°14′N, 65°10′E, lies on Graham Bell Island's eastern shore. Cape Kohlsaat marks the northwestern-most corner of the Kara Sea

title: Graham Bell Island

text: as part of a series of reopenings of air bases in the Arctic. Graham Bell Island Graham Bell Island (, "Ostrov Greem-Bell") is an island in the Franz Josef Archipelago in the Arctic Ocean, and is administratively part of Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia. Graham Bell Island is one of the largest islands of the group. It lies east of Wilczek Land, separated from it by a narrow sound known as Morgan Sound (Пролив Моргана; Proliv Morgana). It is also the easternmost island of Franz Josef Land. Cape Kohlsaat, the easternmost point of the archipelago at 81°14′N, 65°10′E, lies on Graham Bell

title: New England Telephone and Telegraph Company

text: of an agent of Gardiner Greene Hubbard, the father-in-law of telephone inventor Alexander Graham Bell. New England Telephone and Telegraph merged with the Bell Telephone Company (which was started on the basis of holding "potentially valuable patents"), on February 17, 1879, to form the National Bell Telephone Company, at which time Theodore Vail took over its operations. The National Bell Telephone Company merged with others on March 20, 1880 to form the American Bell Telephone Company. The American Bell Telephone Company was later purchased by its own subsidiary, American Telephone & Telegraph (AT&T) on December 30, 1899. Thus share ownership

title: Bell Labs

text: of American Telephone & Telegraph Company and Western Electric. Researchers working at Bell Labs are credited with the development of radio astronomy, the transistor, the laser, the charge-coupled device (CCD), information theory, the Unix operating system, and the programming languages C, C++, and S. Nine Nobel Prizes have been awarded for work completed at Bell Laboratories. In 1880, the French government awarded Alexander Graham Bell the Volta Prize of 50,000 francs, approximately US$10,000 at that time (about $ in current dollars) for the invention of the telephone. Bell used the award to fund the Volta Laboratory ("Alexander Graham Bell Laboratory")

title: Graham Bell (skier)

text: Graham Bell hosted a heliskiing week in Alagna, Italy . Graham Bell (skier) Graham Bell (born 4 January 1966) is a former Olympic skier who is also a TV presenter, adventurer and journalist. He has presented several BBC TV shows with Ed Leigh including "High Altitude" in 2009 and "Ski Sunday" more recently. Highlights included Graham tackling the Arctic Circle Race; a cross-country skiing race in Greenland; and surviving a night in a snow-hole without food, water or a sleeping bag. He set a personal best top speed on skis of . Bell was born on the Akrotiri Royal Air

title: Bell System

text: and is still used by many to refer to any telephone company. "Ma Bell" is also used to refer to the various female voices in recordings for the Bell System: Mary Moore, Jane Barbe, and Pat Fleet, the current voice of AT&T. In 1877, the American Bell Telephone Company, named after Alexander Graham Bell, opened the first telephone exchange in New Haven, Connecticut. Within a few years local exchange companies were established in every major city in the United States. Use of the "Bell System" name initially referred to those early telephone franchises and eventually comprised all telephone companies owned

title: Invention of the telephone

text: Invention of the telephone The invention of the telephone was the culmination of work done by many individuals, and led to an array of lawsuits relating to the patent claims of several individuals and numerous companies. The first telephone was invented by Antonio Meucci, but Alexander Graham Bell is credited with the development of the first practical telephone. The concept of the telephone dates back to the string telephone or lover's telephone that has been known for centuries, comprising two diaphragms connected by a taut string or wire. Sound waves are carried as mechanical vibrations along the string or wire

title: Invention of the telephone

title: Rowell Graham-Bell

text: Rowell Graham-Bell Rowell Anton Graham-Bell (born August 8, 1994) is a British basketball player who last played for Club Baloncesto Ciudad de Valladolid of the LEB Oro, the second Spanish division. Standing at 1.96 meters tall, he plays as a shooting guard. Graham-Bell was born in London. His performance in Narón, in December 2015, resulted in Club Baloncesto Ciudad de Valladolid of the LEB Plataannouncing his signing until the end of the season 2015–2016. This would signify a move up to a higher league. The Valladolid team finished in penultimate place descending to the EBA League. Graham-Bell played 14 games

title: Bell Telephone Company

text: little over a year later it was reorganized to become the American Bell Telephone Company (incorporated on April 17, 1880 with 73,500 shares, which included 14,000 trustee shares held by National Bell Telephone). American Bell's outstanding stock rose to 258,863 shares by May 1900. Two days after the company's formation, on July 11, 1877, Bell married Hubbard's daughter Mabel Gardiner Hubbard, and made a wedding gift of 1,487 shares of his allotment to his new wife, keeping only 10 shares for himself. Bell and his wife left not long after for a tour of Europe that lasted over a year,

title: Salsbury v. Northwestern Bell Telephone Co.

text: consideration or detrimental reliance. Salsbury v. Northwestern Bell Telephone Co. Salsbury v. Northwestern Bell Telephone Co., 221 N.W.2d 609 (IA 1974), was a case decided by the Iowa Supreme Court concerning contract law. When John Salsbury was helping to establish Charles City College, Northwestern Bell agreed to make a $5,000 contribution for the next three years but only made one payment. The school sued for breach of contract but the telephone company maintained the contract was unenforceable because they received no consideration for the donations. The court adopted the position of the Restatement of Contracts, Second that charitable subscriptions can

text: Salsbury v. Northwestern Bell Telephone Co. Salsbury v. Northwestern Bell Telephone Co., 221 N.W.2d 609 (IA 1974), was a case decided by the Iowa Supreme Court concerning contract law. When John Salsbury was helping to establish Charles City College, Northwestern Bell agreed to make a $5,000 contribution for the next three years but only made one payment. The school sued for breach of contract but the telephone company maintained the contract was unenforceable because they received no consideration for the donations. The court adopted the position of the Restatement of Contracts, Second that charitable subscriptions can be enforced even without

title: Alexander Graham Bell

text: Company was created in 1877, and by 1886, more than 150,000 people in the U.S. owned telephones. Bell Company engineers made numerous other improvements to the telephone, which emerged as one of the most successful products ever. In 1879, the Bell company acquired Edison's patents for the carbon microphone from Western Union. This made the telephone practical for longer distances, and it was no longer necessary to shout to be heard at the receiving telephone. Emperor Pedro II of Brazil was the first person to buy stock in Bell's company, the Bell Telephone Company. One of the first telephones in

title: Bell Telephone Company

text: Janeiro."... ...The judges stayed the next three hours with Bell. Bell's telephone became the star of the centennial..." "On a hot Sunday afternoon, June 25th, Sir William Thompson (later Lord Kelvin) and many other distinguished guests inspected the exhibits. Few paid much attention to Bell, tinkering with his crude instruments. At last the party approached his booth. Among them was Dom Pedro de Alcantara, the Emperor of Brazil. He had met Bell a few weeks previously in Boston and spoke to him as an old friend." "Dom Pedro had met Alec at a school for the deaf in Boston. When

title: Bell Telephone Company

text: AT&T (a monopoly) had emerged in the United States that domestic telephone system rates were higher than they needed to be, and that AT&T was using those revenues to subsidize its European operations. Due to that reason and others, and also due to the U.S. Government's regulatory intervention, AT&T president Walter Gifford divested almost all of its international interests in 1925, with the exceptions of the Bell Telephone Company of Canada (now called Bell Canada), and Northern Electric (now called Nortel). In 1925, the European division and its subsidiaries were sold to the International Telephone & Telegraph Company (IT&T, unaffiliated

title: Alexander Graham Bell

text: it as Alexander Graham Bell's birthplace. He had two brothers: Melville James Bell (1845–70) and Edward Charles Bell (1848–67), both of whom would die of tuberculosis. His father was Professor Alexander Melville Bell, a phonetician, and his mother was Eliza Grace (née Symonds). Born as just "Alexander Bell", at age 10, he made a plea to his father to have a middle name like his two brothers. For his 11th birthday, his father acquiesced and allowed him to adopt the name "Graham", chosen out of respect for Alexander Graham, a Canadian being treated by his father who had become a

title: Bell Telephone Company Building (Philadelphia)

text: Bell Telephone Company Building (Philadelphia) The Bell Telephone Company Building is a historic 17 story skyscraper located at 1835 Arch Street in the Logan Square neighborhood on the edge of downtown Philadelphia, Pennsylvania which was used as a long distance telephone exchange by the Bell Telephone Company. Its construction in 1925 marked the beginning of the era of long distance trunk lines in telephone communication. The building was listed by the National Register of Historic Places in 2000. Though this is considered the most prestigious building designed by architect Eugene Stopper, he was perhaps uniquely qualified to design this building.

text: Streets both follow this pattern. In 1970, the long distance exchanges were moved to a modern facility, the building was renovated as telephone company offices, and air conditioning was installed. About 1990, the building was sold and converted to use as a self-storage facility and sold again in 2001 for use as apartments. Bell Telephone Company Building (Philadelphia) The Bell Telephone Company Building is a historic 17 story skyscraper located at 1835 Arch Street in the Logan Square neighborhood on the edge of downtown Philadelphia, Pennsylvania which was used as a long distance telephone exchange by the Bell Telephone Company.

title: Bell Telephone Company

text: president and as a member of its board of directors in late 1878. Under Forbes' leadership, a new executive committee was created at its corporate level to reorganize and run the overall company with professional management. The company was also recapitalized, with Vail continuing as its head of operations. After leaving the offices of what became the American Bell Telephone Company, Hubbard created the National Geographic Society as its president, with Bell succeeding him the next year. Ownership of American Bell was transferred to its own subsidiary, American Telephone & Telegraph Company (AT&T Company) on the second to last day

title: Invention of the telephone

text: issued to Bell." The Meucci resolution by the US Congress was promptly followed by a Canada legislative motion by Canada's 37th Parliament, declaring Alexander Graham Bell as the inventor of the telephone. Others in Canada disagreed with the Congressional resolution, some of whom provided criticisms of both its accuracy and intent. A retired director general of the Telecom Italia central telecommunications research institute (CSELT), Basilio Catania, and the Italian Society of Electrotechnics, "Federazione Italiana di Elettrotecnica", have devoted a Museum to Antonio Meucci, constructing a chronology of his invention of the telephone and tracing the history of the two legal

title: History of the telephone

text: sent by Morse on January 6, 1838, across of wiring. Credit for the invention of the electric telephone is frequently disputed, and new controversies over the issue have arisen from time to time. Charles Bourseul, Innocenzo Manzetti, Antonio Meucci, Johann Philipp Reis, Alexander Graham Bell, and Elisha Gray, amongst others, have all been credited with the telephone's invention. The early history of the telephone became and still remains a confusing morass of claims and counterclaims, which were not clarified by the huge mass of lawsuits to resolve the patent claims of many individuals and commercial competitors. The Bell and Edison

title: International Bell Telephone Company

text: then nurtured and raised it only to see its Belgian concession reclaimed by a nationalistic government. However even through a succession of owners the BTMC has retained its original name, even to the present day. The first telephone exchanges in Belgium were opened in 1878. A company was formed in Brussels in 1879, and others followed. Competition was recognised as unsatisfactory, and the various companies were encouraged to amalgamate. The Compagnie Belge du Téléphone Bell (the "Bell Telephone Company of Belgium") was formed in 1882, as the Belgian subsidiary of the International Bell Telephone Company of New York. By the

title: International Bell Telephone Company

text: of BTMC in 1890 in order to concentrate on telephone system operations, but since American Bell had been Western Electric's majority shareholder since 1881 it maintained an indirect ownership of IBTC. The IBTC was created for ""...the production, sale, purchase and leasing of equipment for telephony and telegraphy and everything directly or indirectly related to electricity"" Later, as demand for services bloomed, the Bell Telephone Company had insufficient operating funds to quickly increase the telephone exchange network, resulting in Western Electric buying out all 45% of the shares held by Bell in 1890. Ezra Gilliland of Western Electric helped establish

title: Bell Memorial

text: Bell Memorial The Bell Memorial, also known as the Bell Monument and Telephone Monument, is a memorial designed by Walter Seymour Allward to commemorate the invention of the telephone by Alexander Graham Bell at the Bell Homestead National Historic Site, in Brantford, Ontario, Canada. In 1906, the citizens of the Brantford and Brant County areas formed the Bell Telephone Memorial Association, which commissioned the memorial. By 1908, the association's designs committee asked sculptors on two continents to submit proposals for the memorial. The submission by Canadian sculptor Walter Seymour Allward of Toronto won the competition. The memorial was originally scheduled