query: What is the capital of Mongolia?

title: Friends of Mongolia

text: board of directors who are elected for three year terms and managed by officers (two Co-coordinators, Treasurer, Communications Coordinator, and Membership Coordinator) who are elected annually. A Mongolia Country Representative and Deputy Country Representative are appointed by the board to oversee activities in Mongolia. The FOM Scholarship was established in 2006, with the aim of assisting young male students from rural communities with high academic potential and financial need to attend post-secondary institutions across Mongolia. The program specifically stipulated that all applicants be male and living outside of Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia's capital city. The reason for this unique requirement was what

title: Law enforcement in Mongolia

text: what Ministry has the ultimate control of it. Below the central level, there are Police Departments and Divisions in the 21 provinces and in Ulaanbaatar, further subdivided into Divisions, Units, Sections. Law enforcement in Mongolia The law enforcement activity in Mongolia is carried out by the National Police Agency (, “"Arvan Tavnii Tsagdaa"”, meaning “Preventive Soldiers”). The force is responsible for maintaining law and order and preventing crime throughout Mongolia. The police was created in 1965 and has its headquarters in the capital Ulaanbaatar. The mandate of police is to implement state policy on crime fighting and maintaining public order,

title: Prime Minister of Mongolia

text: Prime Minister of Mongolia The Prime Minister of Mongolia (, "Mongol Ulsyn Yerönkhii Said") is the head of government, and heads the Mongolian cabinet. The Prime Minister is appointed by the President of Mongolia, and can be removed by the State Great Hural with a vote of no confidence. The Prime Minister appoints the governors of the 21 aimags of Mongolia, as well as the governor of the capital, Ulaanbaatar. The office of Prime Minister was established in 1912, shortly after (Outer) Mongolia first declared independence from the Manchu Qing Dynasty. This was not recognized by many nations. By the

title: Administrative divisions of Mongolia

text: Administrative divisions of Mongolia The country of Mongolia is divided into 21 provinces (, "aimag") and the capital (нийслэл, "niislel") Ulaanbaatar. Secondary subdivisions outside Ulaanbaatar are called "sum" (сум, often transcribed as "soum"). In 2006, Mongolia had 331 sums. Sums are further subdivided into bags (баг). While sums always have a permanent settlement as administrative center, many bags don't. Ulaanbaatar is divided into nine düüregs (дүүрэг, usually translated as "district"), which are further subdivided into khoroos (хороо, most often translated as "subdistrict", "microdistrict" or simply "district"). Officially, Mongolia is divided into 3 administrative tiers, with different types of administrative unit

title: Administrative divisions of Mongolia

text: on each tier: Administrative divisions of Mongolia The country of Mongolia is divided into 21 provinces (, "aimag") and the capital (нийслэл, "niislel") Ulaanbaatar. Secondary subdivisions outside Ulaanbaatar are called "sum" (сум, often transcribed as "soum"). In 2006, Mongolia had 331 sums. Sums are further subdivided into bags (баг). While sums always have a permanent settlement as administrative center, many bags don't. Ulaanbaatar is divided into nine düüregs (дүүрэг, usually translated as "district"), which are further subdivided into khoroos (хороо, most often translated as "subdistrict", "microdistrict" or simply "district"). Officially, Mongolia is divided into 3 administrative tiers, with different types

title: Prime Minister of Mongolia

text: while some consider him to have been a full Prime Minister. The Mongolian government takes the latter view. Prime Minister of Mongolia The Prime Minister of Mongolia (, "Mongol Ulsyn Yerönkhii Said") is the head of government, and heads the Mongolian cabinet. The Prime Minister is appointed by the President of Mongolia, and can be removed by the State Great Hural with a vote of no confidence. The Prime Minister appoints the governors of the 21 aimags of Mongolia, as well as the governor of the capital, Ulaanbaatar. The office of Prime Minister was established in 1912, shortly after (Outer)

title: Mongolia

text: Mongolia decided to send a battalion to Chad in support of MINURCAT. From 2005 to 2006, about 40 troops were deployed with the Belgian and Luxembourg contingents in Kosovo. On November 21, 2005, George W. Bush became the first-ever sitting U.S. President to visit Mongolia. In 2004, under Bulgarian chairmanship, the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) invited Mongolia as its newest Asian Partner. The judiciary of Mongolia is made of a three-tiered court system: first instance courts in each provincial district and each Ulaanbaatar district; appellate courts for each province and also the Capital Ulaanbaatar; and the

title: Mongolia–Norway relations

text: Mongolia–Norway relations Mongolia–Norway relations refers to the bilateral relationship of Mongolia and Norway. Diplomatic relations were established on 11 January 1968. Neither country has a resident embassy. Mongolia is represented to Norway via its embassy in Brussels, while Norway is represented in Mongolia by its embassy in Beijing. There is also a Norwegian honorary consulate general in the Mongolian capital Ulaanbaatar. Mongolia plans to establish an embassy in Stockholm and move the representative in Brussels. The move is to facilitate the development of bilateral contacts and have stronger relations between Norway and Mongolia. There are currently about 20 Norwegians in

title: Mongolia

text: court of last resort (for non-constitutional matters) at the Supreme Court of Mongolia. For questions of constitutional law there is a separate constitutional court. A Judicial General Council (JGC) nominates judges which must then be confirmed by the parliament and appointed by the President. Arbitration centres provide alternative dispute resolution options for commercial and other disputes. Mongolia is divided into 21 provinces (aimags) and subdivided into 329 districts (sums). The capital Ulaanbaatar is administrated separately as a capital city (municipality) with provincial status. The "aimags" are: About 40% of the population lives in Ulaanbaatar, and in 2002 a further 23%

title: Postage stamps and postal history of Mongolia

text: Postage stamps and postal history of Mongolia This is a survey of the postage stamps and postal history of Mongolia. Mongolia is a landlocked country in East and Central Asia. It is bordered by Russia to the north and the People's Republic of China to the south, east and west. Ulaanbaatar is the capital and largest city. The first stamps used in Mongolia were those of Russia from 1858 who operated a number of post offices in the country. The first stamps of Mongolia were issued in August 1924 depicting the Vajra, a scepter that is a religious symbol in

title: Trade and Development Bank of Mongolia

text: Trade and Development Bank of Mongolia The Trade and Development Bank (TDB) of Mongolia (Mongolian: "Худалдаа Хөгжлийн Банк") is a commercial bank located in Ulaanbaatar. It is the oldest, as well as one of the largest banks in Mongolia. It was founded in October 1990 and currently has a total of 50 branches throughout the country. The Trade and Development Bank of Mongolia LLC is a Mongolian domiciled limited liability company first permitted to conduct banking activities on May 29, 1993. Its current banking license was renewed on February 27, 2002. A wholly owned subsidiary of TDB, TDB Capital LLC,

title: Politics of Mongolia

text: and SGKh decisions. At the apex of the judicial system is the Constitutional Court of Mongolia, which consists of nine members, including a chairman, appointed for six-year term, whose jurisdiction extends solely over the interpretation of the constitution. Mongolia is divided in 21 "Aimags" (provinces) and three municipalities/cities ("khot"): Arkhangai, Bayan-Ölgii, Bayankhongor, Bulgan, Darkhan-Uul, Dornod, Dornogovi, Dundgovi, Govi-Altai, Govisümber, Khentii, Khovd, Khövsgöl, Ömnögovi, Orkhon, Övörkhangai, Selenge, Sükhbaatar, Töv, Uvs, Zavkhan. Local "khurals" (parliaments) are elected in the 21 aimags plus the capital, Ulaanbaatar. On the next lower administrative level, they are elected in provincial subdivisions and urban sub-districts in Ulaanbaatar.

title: Architecture of Mongolia

text: with the surrounding 1950s architecture. A high-rise tower, the other building, faces the back street; a similar principle was used in the design of the previous period's Palace of Culture. Another contemporary building is Ulaanbaatar's Narantuul Tower. Hotel Mongolia, in the city's Bayanzürkh district, has a silver-tree fountain at its centre reminiscent of Karakorum. Prime Minister Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj appointed a group of professionals to develop a project for a new city at Karakorum. According to the prime minister, the new city would become the capital of Mongolia. After his resignation and the appointment of Miyeegombyn Enkhbold as prime minister, the

title: Demographics of Mongolia

text: is now Mongolia, as such beliefs were common among nomadic people in Asian history. Such beliefs gradually gave way to Tibetan Buddhism, but shamanism has left a mark on Mongolian religious culture, and continues to be practiced. Traditionally, Tibetan Buddhism was the predominant religion. However, it was suppressed under the communist regime until 1990, with only one showcase monastery allowed to remain. Since 1990, as liberalization began, Buddhism has encountered a resurgence. Life in sparsely populated Mongolia has become more urbanized. Nearly half of the people live in the capital, Ulaanbaatar, and in other provincial centers. Semi nomadic life still

title: Mongolia charity rally

text: profit making company. The 2008 entry fee was £150. The increase reflected two major additions to Go Help's budget: the hiring of an employee in Mongolia to oversee vehicle sales and to monitor the application of funds raised by Charity Ralliers, and the costs of full-time development of the Charity Rallies website. Mongolia charity rally The Mongolia Charity Rally is the charity rally from London to the capital of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar. The Mongolia Charity Rally is organised by Charity Rallies, part of Go Help, a UK-based charity. Participants start the trip from a Mongolian Naadam festival in London, England. The

title: Mongolia charity rally

text: Mongolia charity rally The Mongolia Charity Rally is the charity rally from London to the capital of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar. The Mongolia Charity Rally is organised by Charity Rallies, part of Go Help, a UK-based charity. Participants start the trip from a Mongolian Naadam festival in London, England. The vehicles are then driven to Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, where they are donated to a partner charity of Go Help for auction. Charity Ralliers must raise a minimum of £1,500 for Go Help, the registered UK charity that runs Charity Rallies, through Go Help's Justgiving page, before departing. The main beneficiary of the 2008

text: Buddhism. The Mongolian People's Republic was proclaimed on November 26, 1924. A new constitution providing for a multi-party system was adopted in 1992. Postage stamps and postal history of Mongolia This is a survey of the postage stamps and postal history of Mongolia. Mongolia is a landlocked country in East and Central Asia. It is bordered by Russia to the north and the People's Republic of China to the south, east and west. Ulaanbaatar is the capital and largest city. The first stamps used in Mongolia were those of Russia from 1858 who operated a number of post offices in

title: Mongolia-Kazakhstan relations

text:
Mongolia-Kazakhstan relations
 Mongolia-Kazakhstan Relations - Bilateral diplomatic relations between Mongolia and the Republic of Kazakhstan.
 Mongolia established diplomatic relations with the Republic of Kazakhstan on January 22, 1992. ("Mongolian: Монгол-Хасагийн харилцаа").
 The Embassy of Mongolia to the Republic of Kazakhstan, Almaty opened in September 1992 and running its activities in Astana, the new capital of the Republic of Kazakhstan since its establishment in 2010. Since April 2017, H.E. Luvsangin Battulga has been the Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of Mongolia in Kazakhstan. The Diplomatic Mission of the Republic of Kazakhstan to Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar opened in 1992. With the Decree

title: Choir, Mongolia

text: the end of 2006 estimations population was 7,998. Choir has been declared a free enterprise zone. Along with Darkhan and Erdenet, it is one of three autonomous cities in Mongolia. Choir has a medium-security prison which can house 460 prisoners. It lies along the Trans-Mongolian Railway, 250 km to the southeast of Ulan Bator. The Asian Development Bank is considering a 430-km paved road from Choir to the Chinese border, the final stage of a north-south route through the country. Choir, Mongolia Choir () is a city in Mongolia. It is the capital of Govisümber Province, in the east-central part

title: Prostitution in Mongolia

text: Prostitution in Mongolia Prostitution in Mongolia is illegal but widespread in some areas. The "Global Fund for Tuberculosis, HIV/AIDS and Malaria" estimated there were about 19,000 sex workers in the country in 2006. Many women in Mongolia turn to prostitution through poverty. Sex trafficking and child prostitution, including child sex tourism, are problems in the country. Although illegal, prostitution in Mongolia is on the rise, partially due to the growing mining industry. In the capital, Ulaanbaatar, prostitution was previously centred on the park in front of the "Ulaanbaatar Hotel", where most wealthy westerners stayed when in the country. In recent

title: Voice of Mongolia

text: was launched on January 29, 1965. Today the output of The Voice Of Mongolia consists of various programmes designed to provide information about Mongolia and the Mongolians, their history, traditions and culture. It broadcasts a total of 8 hours a day in 5 languages: Mongolian, English, Chinese, Russian and Japanese. All of the Voice Of Mongolia's broadcasts come directly from its Khonkhor Transmitting Station, about 25 km east of Ulan Bator, Mongolia's capital. It broadcasts through Soviet-made 100, 250, and 500 kW transmitters and curtain antennas built in the mid sixties. The transmissions beamed to East Asia provide fair reception

title: History of Mongolia

text: (died in the prison under brutal torture) were arrested and imprisoned. The Chinese had tightened their control of Mongolia by this time. Russian White Guard troops led by Baron Ungern von Sternberg, who had been defeated in the Civil War in Transbaikalian Siberia, invaded Mongolia in October 1920. Baron Ungern sought allies to defeat the Soviet Union. In October–November 1920, Ungern's troops assaulted the capital, Niislel Khuree, known to Europeans under the name Urga (now Ulaanbaatar), several times but were repelled with heavy losses. Ungern entered contacts with Mongolian nobles and lamas and received Bogd Khaan's edict to regain independence.

title: Japan–Mongolia relations

text: by a non-Eastern Bloc minister and prime minister, respectively. More recently Japan and Mongolia have been seeking relationship improvements. In 2008 Japan Bank for International Cooperation financed a () loan for the government of Mongolia to build a new international airport in Töv Province to service Ulan Bator (currently serviced by Chinggis Khaan International Airport.) Construction began in 2012 with completion scheduled for March 2017. The new airport will be from the capital and is designed to handle 1.65 million passengers annually. Japan–Mongolia relations Relations between Mongolia and Japan (, ) began in the 13th century, but the two countries

title: Law enforcement in Mongolia

text: Law enforcement in Mongolia The law enforcement activity in Mongolia is carried out by the National Police Agency (, “"Arvan Tavnii Tsagdaa"”, meaning “Preventive Soldiers”). The force is responsible for maintaining law and order and preventing crime throughout Mongolia. The police was created in 1965 and has its headquarters in the capital Ulaanbaatar. The mandate of police is to implement state policy on crime fighting and maintaining public order, to carry out police duties throughout Mongolia and manage services provided at local level, to develop policy on firearms (shooting techniques, special equipment, and associated needs) and on human resources, training

title: Christianity in Mongolia

text: Christianity in Mongolia Christianity in Mongolia is a minority religion. As of 2005, the United States Department of State reports that approximately 24,000 Christians live in Mongolia's capital, Ulaanbaatar, which is around 2.5 percent of the entire registered population of the city. Most Christians in Mongolia became Christian after the end of Mongolia's communist regime in 1990. According to the Christian missionary group Barnabas Fund, the number of Christians grew from just four in 1989 to around 40,000 as of 2008. According to the 2010 National Census there were 41,117 Christians (age of 15 and older) or 2.1% of total

title: Christianity in Mongolia

text: of 2015, the LDS Church had 11,250 members in 23 congregations. Christianity in Mongolia Christianity in Mongolia is a minority religion. As of 2005, the United States Department of State reports that approximately 24,000 Christians live in Mongolia's capital, Ulaanbaatar, which is around 2.5 percent of the entire registered population of the city. Most Christians in Mongolia became Christian after the end of Mongolia's communist regime in 1990. According to the Christian missionary group Barnabas Fund, the number of Christians grew from just four in 1989 to around 40,000 as of 2008. According to the 2010 National Census there were

title: Telecommunications in Mongolia

text: of up to three months in prison. While there is no official censorship by the government, journalists frequently complain of harassment and intimidation. Mongol Post is the state-owned postal service of Mongolia. Telecommunications in Mongolia Telecommunications in Mongolia face unique challenges. As the least densely populated country in the world, with a significant portion of the population living a nomadic lifestyle, it has been difficult for many traditional information and communication technology (ICT) companies to make headway into Mongolian society. With almost half the population clustered in the capital of Ulaanbaatar, most landline technologies are deployed there. Wireless technologies have

title: Telecommunications in Mongolia

text: Telecommunications in Mongolia Telecommunications in Mongolia face unique challenges. As the least densely populated country in the world, with a significant portion of the population living a nomadic lifestyle, it has been difficult for many traditional information and communication technology (ICT) companies to make headway into Mongolian society. With almost half the population clustered in the capital of Ulaanbaatar, most landline technologies are deployed there. Wireless technologies have had greater success in rural areas. Mobile phones are common, with provincial capitals all having 4G access. Wireless local loop is another technology that has helped Mongolia increase accessibility to telecommunications and

title: Voice of Mongolia

text: Voice of Mongolia Voice of Mongolia is the official international broadcasting station of Mongolia. The Voice Of Mongolia is the country's only overseas broadcasting service and is operated by Mongol HD Television, a private service broadcaster. Short-wave international broadcasting in Mongolia dates back over 40 years. The first broadcast in October, 1964 was a half hour transmission in Mongolian and Chinese, beamed to China. In the next few years, Mongolian international broadcasting expanded in terms of languages used, broadcast hours and target areas. The English service of Radio Ulaanbaatar, which was renamed The Voice Of Mongolia on January 1, 1997,

title: Catholic Church in Mongolia

text: of October 2018, no announcement had been made by Pope Francis of a new bishop for Mongolia. People under the age of 16 can only receive catechesis with written parental consent and professions of faith are only allowed in church buildings. Priests may not dress in clerical clothing in public. Catholic Church in Mongolia The Catholic Church in Mongolia is part of the worldwide Catholic Church, under the spiritual leadership of the Pope in Rome. There are around 1,300 Catholics in the country who are served by three churches in the capital Ulaanbaatar, plus churches in Darkhan, Arvaikheer, Erdenet and

title: Administrative courts in Mongolia

text: Court, which acted as both intermediate appellate court and court of last resort for administrative cases. Seven years after Mongolia established its first specialized court for administrative cases, the country decided to complete its court system for disputes in administrative law by establishing the intermediate appellate court. On April 1, 2011, the Administrative Court of Appeals began operating in Ulaanbaatar city, deciding cases which appealed judgment of 21 provincial administrative courts and the Capital city administrative court. Administrative courts in Mongolia Administrative courts in Mongolia. The 1992 Constitution of Mongolia says: "The judicial system shall consist of the Supreme Court,

title: Health in Mongolia

text: Mongolia's capital city of Ulaanbaatar has the second-most fine particle pollution of any city in the world. Poor air quality is also the largest occupational hazard, as over two-thirds of occupational disease in Mongolia is dust induced chronic bronchitis or pneumoconiosis. Average childbirth (fertility rate) is around 2.25–1.87 per woman (2007) and average life expectancy is 68.5 years (2011). Infant mortality is at 1.9% to 4% and child mortality is at 4.3%. Mongolia has the highest rate of liver cancer in the world by a significant margin. The Ministry of Health is responsible for the provision of Public healthcare under

title: Government Palace (Mongolia)

text: 800-year anniversary of Genghis Khan's coronation. The statue of Genghis Khan is guarded with two of his generals Muqali and Bo'orchu. Government Palace (Mongolia) The Government Palace (, "Zasgiin gazriin ordon") is located on the north side of Sükhbaatar Square (formerly Chinggis Square, from 2013 to 2016) in Ulaanbaatar, the capital city of Mongolia. It houses various state organs such as the State Great Khural and offices of its members, as well as the offices of the President and Prime Minister. It is sometimes referred to by Ulaanbaatar residents as the ""Saaral Ordon,"" or "Gray Palace" in the Mongolian language

title: Transport in Mongolia

text: Transport in Mongolia The transportation system in Mongolia consists of a network of railways, roads, waterways, and airports. The Trans-Mongolian Railway connects the Trans-Siberian Railway from Ulan Ude in Russia to Erenhot and Beijing in China through the capital Ulaanbaatar. The Mongolian section of this line runs for 1110 km. A spur line connects Darkhan to the copper mines of Erdenet; another spur line connects Ulaanbaatar with the coal mines of Baganuur. A separate railway line is in the east of the country between Choibalsan and the Trans-Siberian at Borzya; however, that line is closed to passengers beyond the Mongolian

title: Government Palace (Mongolia)

text: Government Palace (Mongolia) The Government Palace (, "Zasgiin gazriin ordon") is located on the north side of Sükhbaatar Square (formerly Chinggis Square, from 2013 to 2016) in Ulaanbaatar, the capital city of Mongolia. It houses various state organs such as the State Great Khural and offices of its members, as well as the offices of the President and Prime Minister. It is sometimes referred to by Ulaanbaatar residents as the ""Saaral Ordon,"" or "Gray Palace" in the Mongolian language due to the exterior's former color (it was painted white in 2007). The grounds of the present day Government Palace and

title: Capital punishment in Mongolia

text: Capital punishment in Mongolia Capital punishment has been abolished in Mongolia since 2016, following a previous eight-year moratorium. At the time of abolition, there were five crimes liable to the death penalty: "terrorist acts committed for political purposes; terrorist acts against representatives of a foreign State for political purposes; sabotage; premeditated murder committed with aggravating circumstances; and rape with aggravating circumstances". Only men aged 18–60 at the time of the crime could be executed; women were not subject to the death penalty. The government has since abolished the death penalty for all crimes. According to Amnesty International, Mongolia, like China,

title: Capital punishment in Mongolia

text: he forwarded his proposal to the ministry of justice and internal affairs. On April 2, 2018, presidential staff announced that the president would hand in a proposal to this effect to the parliament during April. Capital punishment in Mongolia Capital punishment has been abolished in Mongolia since 2016, following a previous eight-year moratorium. At the time of abolition, there were five crimes liable to the death penalty: "terrorist acts committed for political purposes; terrorist acts against representatives of a foreign State for political purposes; sabotage; premeditated murder committed with aggravating circumstances; and rape with aggravating circumstances". Only men aged 18–60

title: History of Mongolia

text: BC, they controlled all of northern and western China north of the Yellow River. This renewed threat led the Chinese to improve their defences in the north, while building up and improving the army, particularly the cavalry, and while preparing long-range plans for an invasion of Mongolia. By 176 BC, domain of the Xiongnu was in size. Xiongnu capital ("Luut; Dragon") located on the beach Orkhon River, Central Mongolia. Between 130 and 121 BC, Chinese armies drove the Xiongnu back across the Great Wall, weakened their hold on Gansu Province as well as on what is now Inner Mongolia, and

title: Bank of Mongolia

text: Bank of Mongolia The Bank of Mongolia, or Mongolbank, is the central bank of Mongolia. The main objective of the Bank of Mongolia is to ensure stability of the Mongolian tögrög. Within its main objective the Bank of Mongolia promotes balanced and sustained development of the national economy, through maintaining the stability of money, financial markets and the banking system. A joint Mongolian-Russian bank, called the "Trade and Industry Bank of Mongolia" (Bank of Mongolia) was opened on June 2, 1924 in Altanbulag with a single branch. At that time, the bank's capital was 260000 yanchaan (the currency of the

title: Inner Mongolia

text: ultimately conquered in 1227, and the Jurchen Jin dynasty fell in 1234. In 1271, Kublai Khan, the grandson of Genghis Khan established the Yuan dynasty. Kublai Khan's summer capital Shangdu (aka Xanadu) was located near present-day Dolonnor. During that time Ongud and Khunggirad peoples dominated the area of what is now Inner Mongolia. After the Yuan dynasty was overthrown by the Han-led Ming dynasty in 1368, the Ming captured parts of Inner Mongolia including Shangdu and Yingchang. The Ming rebuilt the Great Wall of China at its present location, which roughly follows the southern border of the modern Inner Mongolia

title: Cinema of Mongolia

text: history of the Buryats, one of the ethnic groups present in Mongolia. Cinema of Mongolia The cinema of Mongolia has been strongly influenced by the cinema of Russia, which differentiates it from cinematic developments in the rest of Asia. It is assumed that the first cinematographic performances in Mongolia happened between 1903 and 1913, as private events for the prince Tögs-Ochiryn Namnansüren and the Jebtsundamba in the capital Urga. After the socialist revolution, the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party decided in its fifth congress of 1925 to use movies as an instrument of mass education. From 1926 on, mobile projection facilities

title: Economy of Mongolia

text: company, Gobi Cashmere, accounting for 21% of world cashmere production as of 2006. The term was coined by Ganhuyag Chuluun Hutagt and subsequently popularized by Renaissance Capital in their report "Mongolia: "Blue-sky opportunity". They state that Mongolia is set to become the new Asian tiger, or "Mongolian wolf" as they prefer to call it, and predict "unstoppable" economic growth. With the recent developments in the mining industry and foreign interest increasing at an astonishing rate, it is claimed that the 'Wolf Economy' looks ready to pounce. The term's aggressive title mirrors the country’s attitude in the capital markets, and with

title: Bank of Mongolia

text: monetary reform on February 22, 1925. In accordance with this resolution, the Bank of Mongolia issued a new national currency, the Tögrög, consisting of 25% for precious metal and foreign stable currency, and 75% for marketable goods. In 1954, the makeup of the Bank staff had increased to 98% (compare to 18% in 1924). On the basis of this extension, the former Soviet Union transferred its own share of capital and stocks in the Bank of Mongolia to the state of Mongolia. Following this, the Bank of Mongolia was renamed as the State Bank of Mongolia. In 1991, a completely

title: Outer Mongolia

text: Oirat areas Khovd and the directly-ruled Tannu Uriankhai (). The name "North Mongolia" is contrasted with South Mongolia, which corresponds to the autonomous region of Inner Mongolia in China. South Mongolia was given its name because it was more directly administered by the Qing court; North Mongolia (which is further from the capital Beijing) had a greater degree of autonomy within the Qing domain. The term "ar mongol" (or ) is sometimes used in Mongolian (or Chinese) language to refer to North Mongolia when making a distinction with South Mongolia, so as to elide the history of Qing rule and

title: Cinema of Mongolia

text: Cinema of Mongolia The cinema of Mongolia has been strongly influenced by the cinema of Russia, which differentiates it from cinematic developments in the rest of Asia. It is assumed that the first cinematographic performances in Mongolia happened between 1903 and 1913, as private events for the prince Tögs-Ochiryn Namnansüren and the Jebtsundamba in the capital Urga. After the socialist revolution, the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party decided in its fifth congress of 1925 to use movies as an instrument of mass education. From 1926 on, mobile projection facilities would regularly show Soviet films to the Mongolian people. The first permanent

title: Inner Mongolia University of Technology

text: Inner Mongolia University of Technology Inner Mongolia University of Technology (IMUT)() is a university in Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China, under the authority of the Autonomous Region government. It was founded in 1951 and was originally known as the Suiyuan Higher Technical School (绥远省高级工业学校) and then after 1958 the Inner Mongolia Polytechnic Institute (内蒙古工学院) before changing to its current name in 1993. It is located in north part of Hohhot, the capital city of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. The university has over 25,000 students enrolled. The university is primarily an Engineering school, although it has expanded to other fields

title: History of Mongolia

text: been found in Dornod Province. Contemporary findings from western Mongolia include only temporary encampments of hunters and fishers. The population during the Copper Age has been described as paleomongolid in the east of what is now Mongolia, and as europid in the west. The Slab Grave culture of the late Bronze and early Iron Age, related to the proto-Mongols, spread over northern, central and eastern Mongolia, Inner Mongolia, Northwest China (Xinjiang, Qilian Mountains etc.), Manchuria, Lesser Khingan, Buryatia, Irkutsk Oblast and Zabaykalsky Krai. Deer stones (also known as reindeer stones) and the omnipresent kheregsüürs (small kurgans) probably are from this

title: Inner Mongolia University of Technology

text: including Economics and Law. There are 19 disciplines in which students can acquire a Master's Degree and 36 disciplines for undergraduate study. Inner Mongolia University of Technology Inner Mongolia University of Technology (IMUT)() is a university in Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China, under the authority of the Autonomous Region government. It was founded in 1951 and was originally known as the Suiyuan Higher Technical School (绥远省高级工业学校) and then after 1958 the Inner Mongolia Polytechnic Institute (内蒙古工学院) before changing to its current name in 1993. It is located in north part of Hohhot, the capital city of Inner Mongolia Autonomous

title: History of Mongolia

text: Mongol Yuan dynasty, although the capital of the dynasty had been moved from Karakorum to Khanbaliq (modern Beijing) since the beginning of Kublai Khan's reign, and Mongolia had been turned into a province known as the Lingbei Branch Secretariat by the early 14th century. After the capture of the Yuan capital by the Ming dynasty founded by Han Chinese in 1368, the last Yuan emperor Toghon Temür fled north to Shangdu, then to Yingchang and died there in 1370. The Mongols under his son and successor Biligtü Khan Ayushiridara retreated to the Mongolian steppe and fought against the Ming. Mongolia

title: Inner Mongolia

text: is known through Chinese chronicles and historians. Before the rise of the Mongols in the 13th century, what is now central and western Inner Mongolia, especially the Hetao region, alternated in control between Chinese agriculturalists in the south and Xiongnu, Xianbei, Khitan, Jurchen, Tujue, and nomadic Mongol of the north. The historical narrative of what is now Eastern Inner Mongolia mostly consists of alternations between different Tungusic and Mongol tribes, rather than the struggle between nomads and Chinese agriculturalists. Slab Grave cultural monuments are found in northern, central and eastern Mongolia, Inner Mongolia, north-western China, southern, central-eastern and southern Baikal

title: Inner Mongolia

text: greatly developed in Inner Mongolia since the 1980s, is also shared by the Han Chinese, claiming his spirit as the founding principle of the Yuan dynasty. Tibetan Buddhism (Mongolian Buddhism, locally also known as "Yellow Buddhism") is the dominant form of Buddhism in Inner Mongolia, also practiced by many Han Chinese. Another form of Buddhism, practiced by the Chinese, are the schools of Chinese Buddhism. In the capital city Hohhot: Elsewhere in Inner Mongolia: One of China's space vehicle launch facilities, Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center, is located in the extreme west of Inner Mongolia, in the Alxa League's Ejin Banner.

title: Inner Mongolia

text: is used in the state of Mongolia (formerly often described in the West as "Outer Mongolia"). In Chinese, the region is known as "Inner Mongolia", where the terms of "Inner/Outer" are derived from Manchu "dorgi"/"tulergi" (cf. Mongolian "dotugadu"/"gadagadu"). Inner Mongolia is distinct from Outer Mongolia, which was a term used by the Republic of China and previous governments to refer to what is now the independent state of Mongolia plus the Republic of Tuva in Russia. The term Inner (Nei) referred to the Nei Fan (Inner Tributary), i.e. those descendants of Genghis Khan who granted the title khan (king) in

title: Inner Mongolia

text: are not listed. Inner Mongolia Inner Mongolia or Nei Mongol (Mongolian: "Öbür Monggol", "Övör Mongol" ; ), officially the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region or Nei Mongol Autonomous Region (NMAR), is one of the autonomous regions of the People's Republic of China, located in the north of the country. Its border includes most of the length of China's border with Mongolia, and a small section of China's border with Russia. Its capital is Hohhot; other major cities include Baotou, Chifeng, and Ordos. The Autonomous Region was established in 1947, incorporating the areas of the former Republic of China provinces of Suiyuan,

title: Inner Mongolia

text: Inner Mongolia Inner Mongolia or Nei Mongol (Mongolian: "Öbür Monggol", "Övör Mongol" ; ), officially the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region or Nei Mongol Autonomous Region (NMAR), is one of the autonomous regions of the People's Republic of China, located in the north of the country. Its border includes most of the length of China's border with Mongolia, and a small section of China's border with Russia. Its capital is Hohhot; other major cities include Baotou, Chifeng, and Ordos. The Autonomous Region was established in 1947, incorporating the areas of the former Republic of China provinces of Suiyuan, Chahar, Rehe, Liaobei

title: Inner Mongolia

text: Ming and Qing dynasties and lived in part of southern part of Mongolia. In Mongolian, the region was called "Dotugadu monggol" during Qing rule and was renamed into "Öbür Monggol" in 1947, "öbür" meaning the southern side of a mountain, while the Chinese term "Nei Menggu" was retained. In recent years, some Mongols (mainly those who support independence from China) began to call Inner Mongolia "Nan" () "Menggu", literally "South Mongolia", and with it came the change of English translation from Inner Mongolia to Southern Mongolia. Much of what is known about the history of Greater Mongolia, including Inner Mongolia,

title: Mongolia

text: to pastoral nomadism. Agriculture may have first been introduced from the west or arose independently in the region. The population during the Copper Age has been described as mongoloid in the east of what is now Mongolia, and as europoid in the west. Tocharians (Yuezhi) and Scythians inhabited western Mongolia during the Bronze Age. The mummy of a Scythian warrior, which is believed to be about 2,500 years old, was a 30- to 40-year-old man with blond hair; it was found in the Altai, Mongolia. As equine nomadism was introduced into Mongolia, the political center of the Eurasian Steppe also

title: Economy of Mongolia

text: newfound mineral prospects it has the chance to retain its title as one of the world's fastest growing economies. The banking sector is highly concentrated, with five banks controlling about 80% of financial assets as of 2015: In terms of access to credit, Mongolia ranked 61st out of 189 economies in accordance with 2015 Ease of Doing Business survey. However, Mongolia had one of the highest banking branch penetration rates in the world at 1 bank branch per 15,257 residents as of May 2015. With a strengthening capital market environment, many foreign and local investment institutions have begun to establish

title: History of modern Mongolia

text: Khan's birth. And the rebels carried a modified Flag of Mongolia which lacked a star symbolizing socialism; this flag would become the new flag after the revolution. After numerous demonstrations of many thousands of people in the capital city as well as provincial centers, on 4 March 1990, the MDU and three other reform organizations held a joint outdoor mass meeting, inviting the government to attend. The government sent no representative to what became a demonstration of over 100,000 people demanding democratic change. Ten members of the organizations began a hunger strike on 7 March, the next day, Mongolian People's

title: Choir, Mongolia

text: Choir, Mongolia Choir () is a city in Mongolia. It is the capital of Govisümber Province, in the east-central part of the country. Choir is officially known as Sümber sum of Govisümber Province. Choir was a military base during the Soviet period. In 1989, the Soviet anti-aircraft missile units left Choir. The longest runway in Mongolia, now abandoned, is located 25 km N from Choir, a relic of that period. In 1992, the military cantonment passed into the jurisdiction of Govisümber Province, according to the 1992 constitution. Near the railway station is a statue commemorating Mongolia's first cosmonaut, Jügderdemidiin Gürragchaa.

title: Inner Mongolia Museum

text: Inner Mongolia Museum The Inner Mongolia Museum () is a regional museum in the city of Hohhot in Inner Mongolia, in north China. This museum was founded on the occasion of the tenth anniversary of the establishment of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, in 1957. The original building, expressive of local minority characteristics, is located at the intersection of Xinhua Street and Zhongshan Road in the heart of Hohhot City, the capital of the autonomous region. Half a century later, in 2007, a newer and 10 times bigger modern museum was constructed about 5 kilometers to the east, located at

title: Mongolia and the International Monetary Fund

text: Mongolia and the International Monetary Fund Mongolia's relations with the International Monetary Fund became official on February 14, 1991 when Mongolia became a member. Mongolia's first IMF loan was for $54 million. Six years later, Mongolia received a $45 million three-year loan under the Enhanced Structural Adjustment Facility (ESAF) in 1997. Through this loan and support from IMF, Mongolia began to make economic reforms, which included liberalization of wages and prices, allowed a larger mining capacity, a reduction in import restriction, privatization of some state enterprises, the establishment of a commercial banking system, easing of capital controls and a floating

title: Inner Mongolia Medical University

text: ride. Inner Mongolia Medical University Inner Mongolia Medical University (内蒙古医科大学) is a university in Inner Mongolia, China under the authority of the Autonomous Region government. It is in Hohhot, the capital city of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. It was renamed from Inner Mongolia Medical College in 2012. The main campus is downtown about 400 m west of the central square on the north side. The new campus was opened in 2006: 35 km west of downtown and 8 km west of JinChuan. Teachers, except foreign teachers, take the free university bus from downtown to the new campus. It is a

title: Inner Mongolia Medical University

text: Inner Mongolia Medical University Inner Mongolia Medical University (内蒙古医科大学) is a university in Inner Mongolia, China under the authority of the Autonomous Region government. It is in Hohhot, the capital city of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. It was renamed from Inner Mongolia Medical College in 2012. The main campus is downtown about 400 m west of the central square on the north side. The new campus was opened in 2006: 35 km west of downtown and 8 km west of JinChuan. Teachers, except foreign teachers, take the free university bus from downtown to the new campus. It is a 45-minute

title: Mongolia under Yuan rule

text: the early 14th century. The Mongols came from the Mongolian steppe, and Karakorum was the capital of the Mongol Empire until 1260. During the Toluid Civil War, Mongolia was controlled by Ariq Böke, a younger brother of Kublai Khan. After Kublai's victory over Ariq Böke, the Yuan dynasty was founded in China in 1271, and both North China and Mongolia were put within the Central Region (腹裏) directly governed by the Zhongshu Sheng of the Yuan at the capital Khanbaliq (Dadu). Even though Karakorum was no longer the empire's capital and Mongolia had partially lost its importance by now, as

title: History of Mongolia

text: four khanates including the Yuan dynasty in China and Mongolia, and the three western khanates, i.e. the Golden Horde, the Chagatai Khanate and the Ilkhanate, although later Yuan emperors were seen as the nominal suzerains of the western khanates. The transition of the capital of the Mongol Empire from Karakorum to Khanbaliq (Dadu, modern-day Beijing) by Kublai Khan in 1264 was opposed by many Mongols. Thus, Ariq Böke's struggle was for keeping the center of the Empire in Mongolia homeland. After Ariq Böke's death, the struggle was continued by Kaidu, a grandson of Ogedei Khan and "de facto" ruler of

title: History of Mongolia

text: On 2–5 February 1921, after fighting a huge battle, Ungern's force (mainly Mongolian volunteer cavalrymen, Buryat and Tatar cossacks of Russia) drove the Chinese forces out of the Mongolian capital. One part of the Chinese forces fled to the south to China, and another to the north of Mongolia to enter negotiations with the Far Eastern Republic (a puppet state created by Soviet Russia). The Bogd Khaan's monarchic power and his government were restored. Bogd Khan failed in his efforts to get aid from Japan and the United States for regaining the independence of Mongolia from China. Later the Chinese

title: Mongolia-Kazakhstan relations

text:
to citizens of Mongolia.The Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan provided humanitarian aid for USD 200,000 to the victims of the mudflow in Bayan-Ölgii province that happened on July 10, 2016.
 Foreign relations of Mongolia
 Foreign relations of Kazakhstan Mongolia-Kazakhstan relations
 Mongolia-Kazakhstan Relations - Bilateral diplomatic relations between Mongolia and the Republic of Kazakhstan.
 Mongolia established diplomatic relations with the Republic of Kazakhstan on January 22, 1992. ("Mongolian: Монгол-Хасагийн харилцаа").
 The Embassy of Mongolia to the Republic of Kazakhstan, Almaty opened in September 1992 and running its activities in Astana, the new capital of the Republic of

title: Administrative courts in Mongolia

text: Administrative courts in Mongolia Administrative courts in Mongolia. The 1992 Constitution of Mongolia says: "The judicial system shall consist of the Supreme Court, Aimag (provincial) and capital city courts, Sum (county), inter-sum and district courts in Mongolia. Specialized courts such as criminal, civil and administrative courts may be formed. The activities and decisions of the specialized courts shall not but be under the supervision of the Supreme Court". This is the origin of the administrative courts, the first ever and only specialized courts in Mongolia. On December 26, 2002 the State Great Khural passed the Law on establishment of administrative

title: History of Mongolia

text: fell under an invasion of the Yenisei Kirghiz in 840. The destruction of Uyghur Khaganate by Yenisei Kirghizes resulted in the end of Turkic dominance in Mongolia. According to historians, Kirghiz were not interested in assimilating newly acquired lands. The Kirghiz state was centered on Khakassia. The Khitans were an ethnic group whose language was related to the Mongolic languages. Its ruler Ambagyan founded the Khitan Liao dynasty in 907. The Liao dynasty covered a significant portion of what is now Mongolia including the basins of the three rivers Kherlen, Tuul and Orkhon. The Khitans occupied the areas vacated by

title: Mongolia under Qing rule

text: Yuan dynasty then centered in Inner Mongolia by 1635. However, the Khalkha Mongols in Outer Mongolia continued to rule until they were overrun by the Dzungars in 1690, and they submitted to the Qing dynasty in 1691. The Manchu-led Qing dynasty had ruled Inner and Outer Mongolia for over 200 years. During this period Qing rulers established separate administrative structures to govern each region. While the empire maintained firm control in both Inner and Outer Mongolia, the Mongols in Outer Mongolia (which is further from the capital Beijing) enjoyed more degree of autonomy, and also retained their own language and

title: Bank of Mongolia

text: had USD $2.9 billion in foreign reserves. The foreign reserves on June 30, 2011 contained USD $79 million of U.S governmental securities. Bank of Mongolia increased minimum capital requirement for banks periodically, and capital adequacy ratio of the banking sector was as high as 14-24 percent since 2000, which is 1.8-3 times higher than international minimum standards. With strong economic growth, private sector credit has increased significantly. Banks’ total outstanding loans were MNT 60 billion which were issued to 1700 borrowers in 2000, compared to total outstanding loans of MNT 2,000 billion issued to 483 thousand borrowers in September, 2007.

title: Friends of Mongolia

text: Friends of Mongolia Friends of Mongolia (FOM) is a US-registered, 501(c)(3) tax-exempt non-profit organization registered in Mongolia and the United States. Friends of Mongolia is organized and operated exclusively for charitable, educational, and developmental purposes. Friends of Mongolia exists to develop partnerships with the people of Mongolia in furtherance of cultural exchange and human development. It is affiliated with the National Peace Corps Association, but membership is open to anyone with an interest in Mongolia. Friends of Mongolia was established in 1999 by returned Peace Corps volunteers who had served in Mongolia. Friends of Mongolia's operations are overseen by a

title: Capital punishment in Mongolia

text: Vietnam, Malaysia and Singapore, practiced executions in secrecy. The family of the prisoner would not be informed of the date of the execution, nor the place of burial. There were 45 people sentenced to death in 2007, but the number of executions was not revealed by the authorities. Five people are thought to have been executed in 2008. Immurement was a historical method still used in the beginning of the 20th century in Mongolia. The modern method of execution was a bullet to the neck. In June 2009, Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj, an abolitionist, was elected President of Mongolia. He began using

title: Inner Mongolia Agricultural University

text: made in teaching, scientific research, cultural exchange and joint programs. Inner Mongolia Agricultural University Inner Mongolia Agricultural University (IMAU, , ) is a university in Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China under the authority of the Autonomous Region government. It is in Hohhot, the capital city of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. It was established in 1952. There are over 100 undergraduate degree programs and postgraduate courses across a range of disciplines, including Agricultural, Engineering, Science, Art, Business, and Management. IMAU was established in 1952, with the first president appointed by Chairman Mao Zedong. IMAU has a staff of 2,737, among whom 435

title: Inner Mongolia Agricultural University

text: Inner Mongolia Agricultural University Inner Mongolia Agricultural University (IMAU, , ) is a university in Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China under the authority of the Autonomous Region government. It is in Hohhot, the capital city of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. It was established in 1952. There are over 100 undergraduate degree programs and postgraduate courses across a range of disciplines, including Agricultural, Engineering, Science, Art, Business, and Management. IMAU was established in 1952, with the first president appointed by Chairman Mao Zedong. IMAU has a staff of 2,737, among whom 435 have doctoral degrees and 653 have master's degrees, 101 tutors

title: What Is the What

text: What Is the What What Is the What: The Autobiography of Valentino Achak Deng is a 2006 novel written by Dave Eggers. It is based on the life of Valentino Achak Deng, a Sudanese child refugee who immigrated to the United States under the Lost Boys of Sudan program. It was a finalist for the National Book Award. As a boy, Achak is separated from his family during the Second Sudanese Civil War when the Arab militia, referred to as "murahaleen" (which is Arabic for the deported), wipes out his Dinka village, Marial Bai. During the assault, he loses sight

title: What Is the What

text: That Happens Will Happen Today". Tom Tykwer plans to adapt the novel into a film. In 2009, the novel received the Prix Médicis étranger in France. What Is the What What Is the What: The Autobiography of Valentino Achak Deng is a 2006 novel written by Dave Eggers. It is based on the life of Valentino Achak Deng, a Sudanese child refugee who immigrated to the United States under the Lost Boys of Sudan program. It was a finalist for the National Book Award. As a boy, Achak is separated from his family during the Second Sudanese Civil War when

title: Religion in Inner Mongolia

text: of Mongolian Buddhism; in the 19th century, of the approximately 2000 monasteries in Greater Mongolia, 1200 were in Inner Mongolia, and 700 were in Outer Mongolia (corresponding to the contemporary state of Mongolia). By 1900, of the 243 incarnate lamas living in the territories of the Mongols, 157 resided in Inner Mongolia alone. The Qing politics draw the most important of these lamas to the capital at Beijing. However, with the demise of the Qing and the strong influences of modernisation in Inner Mongolia, including the "Enlightenment Movement" and secular education, in the late 19th century and early 20th century

title: Friends of Mongolia

text: a committee made up of FOM Members using a standard scoring method. Final funding approval for proposals is made based on review committee recommendations and the availability of funds. The Friends of Mongolia logo depicts a Mongolian "ger" or yurt accompanied by traditional Mongolian script which spells 'Friend'. Friends of Mongolia Friends of Mongolia (FOM) is a US-registered, 501(c)(3) tax-exempt non-profit organization registered in Mongolia and the United States. Friends of Mongolia is organized and operated exclusively for charitable, educational, and developmental purposes. Friends of Mongolia exists to develop partnerships with the people of Mongolia in furtherance of cultural exchange

title: Youth in Mongolia

text: Youth in Mongolia Youth in Mongolia constituted 18.7% of the population in 2014, numbering roughly 552 thousand individuals. The 15-19 age group is the largest in Mongolia; in 2009 about 40% of the population was under 19 years old. Estimated population growth rates as of 2014 were reported as increasing by 1.37%. The steady increase in youth will enlarge the already large proportion of working-aged individuals and create new opportunities to build human capital and facilitate economic development. In order to address Mongolia's economic future, Mongolia's Parliament adopted the State Population Development Policy in 2004 to confront development issues facing

title: Inner Mongolia University

text: foreign degree and non-degree students through particular application procedure designed for foreigners. Instruction languages include Chinese, Mongolian, English, etc. It is also possible to study other languages at Inner Mongolia University, such as Russian and Japanese. Inner Mongolia University provides full-time education, vocational and technical education, adult education, and foreign students education. In 2005, there were 22,203 students, including 3,191 postgraduate students and 12,766 undergraduate students. It was established in 1957 in Hohhot, the capital city of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Being awarded the national key comprehensive university by the Ministry of Education of China in 1978, it was listed

title: Inner Mongolia

text: then taken over by the Khitan Empire (Liao dynasty), founded by the Khitans, a nomadic people originally from what is now the southern part of Manchuria and eastern Inner Mongolia. They were followed by the Western Xia of the Tanguts, who took control of what is now the western part of Inner Mongolia (including western Hetao) . The Khitans were later replaced by the Jurchens, precursors to the modern Manchus, who established the Jin dynasty over Manchuria and northern China. After Genghis Khan unified the Mongol tribes in 1206 and founded the Mongol Empire, the Tangut Western Xia empire was

title: Inner Mongolia

text: territory. Mongolian scholars prove that this culture related to the Proto-Mongols. During the Zhou dynasty, central and western Inner Mongolia (the Hetao region and surrounding areas) were inhabited by nomadic peoples such as the Loufan, Linhu, and Dí, while eastern Inner Mongolia was inhabited by the Donghu. During the Warring States period, King Wuling (340–295 BC) of the state of Zhao based in what is now Hebei and Shanxi provinces pursued an expansionist policy towards the region. After destroying the Dí state of Zhongshan in what is now Hebei province, he defeated the Linhu and Loufan and created the commandery

title: Hotel Mongolia

text: an open sky stage for rock performances. The hotel is designed to resemble the ancient capital of Karakorum. The hotel is furnished in handmade carvings. One of the attractions is the Silver Tree fountain inspired by the Silver Tree of the ancient city of Karakorum. The central gatehouse displays an exhibition of the coins brought from all parts of the Mongol Empire. The complex is a venue for rock festivals, wedding celebrations and international conferences. It hosted the 10th Conference of Sakyadhita, the International Association of Buddhist Women, in July 2008. Hotel Mongolia Hotel Mongolia (, "Mongol Shiltgeen") is a

title: Bank of Mongolia

text: with State Bank, due to a bad loan made to a gold mine owned by its parent company, Just Group, at a cost of $120 million. State Bank is a state-owned company separate from the Bank of Mongolia. Bank of Mongolia The Bank of Mongolia, or Mongolbank, is the central bank of Mongolia. The main objective of the Bank of Mongolia is to ensure stability of the Mongolian tögrög. Within its main objective the Bank of Mongolia promotes balanced and sustained development of the national economy, through maintaining the stability of money, financial markets and the banking system. A joint

title: Mongolia-Kazakhstan relations

text:
from Kazakhstan to Mongolia: the tobacco, cigarettes, sanitary and hygiene products, wheat and wheat-rye flour, oil products, etc.
 The main import good of Mongolia to Kazakhstan: products of animal and vegetable origin, textiles and textile products, wood, timber, pulp, paper, etc.
 In the framework of Cultural and Humanitarian Cooperation, about 10 agreements have been signed between Mongolia and Kazakhstan. The exchange student program by the Intergovernmental Education Agreement has been carried out successfully. In 2001, the East Kazakhstan State University (EKSU) has opened its branch in the Ölgii city (capital of the Bayan-Ölgii province, Mongolia). 25 grants were awarded annually

title: Mongolia–United States relations

text: Bator in June 1988. The U.S. embassy formally opened in September 1988. The first U.S. ambassador to Mongolia, Richard L. Williams, was not a resident there. Joseph E. Lake, the first resident ambassador, arrived in July 1990. Secretary of State James Baker visited Mongolia in August 1990, and again in July 1991. Mongolia accredited its first ambassador to the United States in March 1989. Secretary of State Madeleine Albright visited Mongolia in May 1998, and Prime Minister Nambaryn Enkhbayar visited the American capital Washington, DC in November 2001. Deputy Secretary of State Richard L. Armitage visited Mongolia in January 2004,

title: Human rights in Mongolia

text: announced it in Parliament, MPRP represesentatives chose not to give the applause customarily due after a presidential speech. (See: Capital punishment in Mongolia) President Elbegdorj stated "Capital punishment is wrong–it degrades human dignity. It brings no peace to society. It does not deter crime and does not lift up mankind," in his speech at the High-Level Meeting on the Rule of Law of the 67th session of the United Nations General Assembly on 24 September 2012. "By ratifying the Second Optional Protocol Mongolia would add yet one more country in the world community to fully abolish the death penalty. Pardoning

title: Mongolia

text: the second largest group. Islam is the dominant religion among ethnic Kazakhs. The majority of the state's citizens are of Mongol ethnicity, although Kazakhs, Tuvans, and other minorities also live in the country, especially in the west. Mongolia joined the World Trade Organization in 1997 and seeks to expand its participation in regional economic and trade groups. The area of what is now Mongolia has been ruled by various nomadic empires, including the Xiongnu, the Xianbei, the Rouran, the Turkic Khaganate, and others. In 1206, Genghis Khan founded the Mongol Empire, which became the largest contiguous land empire in history.

title: Mongolia and the World Bank

text: Soviet Union. The capital and technological assistance from the Warsaw Pact led to rapid growth within its industries, with mining benefiting significantly. Furthermore, there were big developments in education and public health; the average life expectancy rose from 46.7 in 1960 to 63.57 in 1990. After the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, the country underwent large reforms. Mongolia became a unitary semi-presidential republic in 1992 and a new constitution was made. Mongolia became a member of the World Bank in 1992. After Mongolia's transition to a free market economy in the early 1990s, it began to experience a

title: Voice of Mongolia

text: in South America, and the South Asian transmissions can be heard in Southern Africa and in Europe as well. However, this reception is influenced by propagation conditions and frequency congestion. Voice of Mongolia Voice of Mongolia is the official international broadcasting station of Mongolia. The Voice Of Mongolia is the country's only overseas broadcasting service and is operated by Mongol HD Television, a private service broadcaster. Short-wave international broadcasting in Mongolia dates back over 40 years. The first broadcast in October, 1964 was a half hour transmission in Mongolian and Chinese, beamed to China. In the next few years, Mongolian

title: Mongolia under Yuan rule

text: Mongolia under Yuan rule The Yuan dynasty ruled over the Mongolian steppe, including both Inner and Outer Mongolia as well as part of southern Siberia, for roughly a century between 1271 and 1368. The Mongolian Plateau is where the ruling Mongols of the Yuan dynasty as founded by Kublai Khan came from, thus it enjoyed a somewhat special status during the Mongol Yuan dynasty, division of the Mongol Empire, although the capital of the dynasty had been moved from Karakorum to Khanbaliq (modern Beijing) since the beginning of Kublai Khan's reign, and Mongolia had been turned into a province by

title: Mongolia

text: but few vegetables. Two of the most popular dishes are Buuz (a meat-filled steamed dumpling) and Khuushuur (a sort of deep-fried meat pie.) According to the 2010 National Census, among Mongolians aged 15 and above, 53% were Buddhists, while 39% were non-religious. Mongolian shamanism has been widely practised throughout the history of what is now Mongolia, with similar beliefs being common among the nomads of central Asia. They gradually gave way to Tibetan Buddhism, but shamanism has left a mark on Mongolian religious culture, and it continues to be practiced. The Kazakhs of western Mongolia, some Mongols and other Turkic

title: Mongolia–United States relations

text: As of 2014, there were 1,444 international students of Mongolian origin studying in the United States. Due to Mongolia's previous close political and geographic ties with the USSR (which helped Mongolia achieve its independence from China) throughout the Cold War, there has been limited direct historical contact between the United States and Mongolia prior to the end of the 20th century. However, some immigrants came from Mongolia to the United States as early as 1949, spurred by religious persecution in their homeland. The U.S. government recognized Mongolia in January 1987 and established its first embassy in that country's capital Ulan

title: History of Mongolia

text: region, Western Mongolia, Tuva, Inner Mongolia, Barga, and Upper Mongolia. The position of the Republic of China was that all of Mongolia was territories of China. The position of Russia was to reduce Mongolian independence to an autonomy limited to Outer Mongolia only. Negotiations continued for eight months as the Mongolian representatives firmly defended the independence of the country, but finally the government of Mongolia had to accept Russia's position. However, Outer Mongolia remained effectively outside the control of the Chinese, who on the other hand controlled Barga, Dzungaria, Tuva, Upper Mongolia, and Inner Mongolia in 1915. On 2 February

title: Friends of Mongolia

text: stationed in Mongolia who was killed in a helicopter crash in January 2001, to support highly qualified secondary school graduates from low-income families in the rural areas of Mongolia to study at some of the best state institutions of higher learning within Mongolia. The Friends of Mongolia Community Development Grant program is inspired by the Small Project Assistance (SPA) grant familiar to all PCVs, and provides financing for small community-based projects in Mongolia and the United States that further education, cultural exchange, and community development between both countries. Community projects generally do not attract the kind of funding on offer

title: Geography of Mongolia

text: Geography of Mongolia Mongolia is a landlocked country in Central Asia and East Asia, located between China and Russia. The terrain is one of mountains and rolling plateaus, with a high degree of relief. The total land area of Mongolia is 1,564,116 square kilometres. Overall, the land slopes from the high Altay Mountains of the west and the north to plains and depressions in the east and the south. The Khüiten Peak in extreme western Mongolia on the Chinese border is the highest point (4,374 metres). The lowest is 518 metres, an otherwise undistinguished spot in the eastern Mongolian plain.

title: Inner Mongolia People's Publishing House

text: Inner Mongolia People's Publishing House The Inner Mongolia People's Publishing House (IMPPH) is a publishing company based in Hohhot, the capital of the Inner Mongolia autonomous region of the People's Republic of China. It was established in 1951. Their president is Wang Dongsheng (王東生). IMPPH publish original works in Chinese and Mongolian, as well as translations of English works. IMPPH have been accused of violations of intellectual property rights on various occasions. In 2001, there appeared a book with the imprint of IMPPH, whose author's pseudonym, title, cover art, and content bore a close resemblance to Han Han's "Triple Doors";

title: Judiciary of Mongolia

text: Judiciary of Mongolia The judiciary of Mongolia is made up of a three-tiered court system (first instance, appellate, supreme court) divided into three branches (civil, criminal, administrative cases). For questions of constitutional law there is a separate constitutional court. Besides there are forms of alternative dispute resolution. First instance court types are: The Bayan-Ölgii courts of first instance bear alternative Kazakh names (). Appellate court types are: The highest court in the three-tiered court system of Mongolia is the Supreme Court of Mongolia (), established in 1927. There are chambers for civil, criminal and administrative cases. The courts' procedure is

title: Emblem of Mongolia

text: Emblem of Mongolia The State Emblem of Mongolia (, "Mongol Ulsīn törín süld") is used by the government of Mongolia as its symbol of state. It is officially used for example on documents such as Mongolian passports, and government and embassy placards. The state emblem was adopted on March 25, 1992, after the fall of the Communist government. The details of it are laid out in Chapter 1, Article 12(2) of the Constitution of Mongolia. The outer rim features a "tumen nasan", symbolizing eternity, surrounding a circular blue field, symbolizing the sky. On the centre of the field is a