query: What is Black Hills, South Dakota most famous for?

title: Hail, South Dakota!

text:
Dakota we welcome you.

 Hail! South Dakota! the state we love the best,
 Land of our fathers, builders of the west;
 Home of the Badlands, and Rushmore's ageless shrine,
 Black Hills and prairies, farmland and sunshine.
 Hills, farms and prairies, blessed with bright sunshine.
 Hail, South Dakota! "Hail! South Dakota!" (1943) is the official state song of South Dakota, selected by popular vote. It was written and composed by DeeCort Hammitt (1893-1970). Hail! South Dakota! a great state of the land;
 Health, wealth and beauty, that's what makes her grand;
 She has her Black Hills, and mines with gold

title: Black Hills Corporation

text: Black Hills Corporation Black Hills Corporation is a Rapid City, South Dakota diversified energy company that is an electric and gas utility in South Dakota and Wyoming and sells power throughout the American West. It derives its name from its home in the Black Hills of South Dakota. The company traces its roots to 1883 and the organization of the Black Hills Electric Light Company of Deadwood. Merged with the Belt Light and Power Company of Lead in 1905, the company became Consolidated Power and Light Company of South Dakota. Meanwhile, to the south, the Dakota Power Company began serving

title: Black Hills Central Railroad

text: Black Hills Central Railroad The Black Hills Central Railroad is a heritage railroad that operates in South Dakota, United States. It currently operates the 1880 Train on the former Keystone Branch of the Burlington Northern Railroad (BN) between Hill City, South Dakota and Keystone, South Dakota. This railroad line was originally built by the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad as a mining railroad for gold in the Black Hills. It reached Keystone on January 20, 1900 and was later used to haul equipment for carving nearby Mount Rushmore. In 1957, William Heckman and Robert Freer started the Black Hills Central

title: Geography of South Dakota

text: of the Drift Prairie and the Missouri River. This region is the southern section of a large plateau extending into Canada. The Great Plains cover most of the western two-thirds of South Dakota. West of the Missouri River the landscape becomes more rugged and consists of rolling hills, plains, ravines, and steep flat-topped hills called buttes. These buttes sometimes rise 400 to 600 feet (120 to 180 m) above the plains. In the south, east of the Black Hills, lie the South Dakota Badlands. The Black Hills are in the southwestern part of South Dakota and extend into Wyoming. This

title: Custer, South Dakota

text: Custer, South Dakota Custer is a city in Custer County, South Dakota, United States. The population was 1,987 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Custer County. Custer is generally considered to be the oldest town established by European Americans in the Black Hills of South Dakota and Wyoming. Gold was found there during the 1874 Black Hills Expedition, conducted by the 7th Cavalry led by Lt. Colonel George Armstrong Custer, a discovery which initiated the Black Hills Gold Rush. For thousands of years, the Black Hills had been part of the territory of varying tribes of

title: Black Hills National Forest

text: Black Hills National Forest Black Hills National Forest is located in southwestern South Dakota and northeastern Wyoming, United States. The forest has an area of over 1.25 million acres (5,066 km²) and is managed by the Forest Service. Forest headquarters are located in Custer, South Dakota. There are local ranger district offices in Custer, Rapid City, and Spearfish in South Dakota, and in Sundance, Wyoming. Predominantly ponderosa pine, the forest also includes hard woods like aspen, bur oak, and birch. The lower elevations include grassland prairie, but the National Forest System lands encompass most of the mountainous region known as

title: South Dakota

text: South Dakota Badlands. Erosion from the Black Hills, marine skeletons which fell to the bottom of a large shallow sea that once covered the area, and volcanic material all contribute to the geology of this area. The Black Hills are in the southwestern part of South Dakota and extend into Wyoming. This range of low mountains covers , with peaks that rise from 2,000 to 4,000 feet (600 to 1,200 m) above their bases. The Black Hills are the location of Black Elk Peak (7,242 ft or 2,207 m above sea level), the highest point in South Dakota and also

title: Keystone, South Dakota

text: Keystone, South Dakota Keystone is a town in the Black Hills region of Pennington County, South Dakota, United States. The population was 337 at the 2010 census. It had its origins in 1883 as a mining town, and has since transformed itself into a resort town, serving the needs of the millions of visitors to the Mount Rushmore National Memorial, which is located just beyond city limits. Keystone was heavily damaged in the 1972 Black Hills flood. The town took its name from a local mine, which most likely was named after the keystone Masonic symbol. Keystone is located at

title: Black Hills

text: Black Hills The Black Hills (; ; ) are a small and isolated mountain range rising from the Great Plains of North America in western South Dakota and extending into Wyoming, United States. Black Elk Peak (formerly known as Harney Peak), which rises to , is the range's highest summit. The Black Hills encompass the Black Hills National Forest. The name "Black Hills" is a translation of the Lakota ". The hills were so-called because of their dark appearance from a distance, as they were covered in trees. Native Americans have a long history in the Black Hills. After conquering

title: Keystone, South Dakota

text: comedy film "North". Keystone, South Dakota Keystone is a town in the Black Hills region of Pennington County, South Dakota, United States. The population was 337 at the 2010 census. It had its origins in 1883 as a mining town, and has since transformed itself into a resort town, serving the needs of the millions of visitors to the Mount Rushmore National Memorial, which is located just beyond city limits. Keystone was heavily damaged in the 1972 Black Hills flood. The town took its name from a local mine, which most likely was named after the keystone Masonic symbol. Keystone

title: Bismuth, South Dakota

text: South Dakota, and 5 miles southeast of Mount Rushmore. Bismuth, South Dakota Bismuth is a ghost town in the Black Hills of Custer County, South Dakota, United States. Bismuth existed around 1901 as a small community of half a dozen homes. It once included a store and a baseball team, but now only an old house remains of the town. The site is now part of a campground and a manmade lake. Bismuth is located in the Black Hills on the northern border of Custer County, South Dakota, United States. It was built just north of Iron Creek and is

title: South Dakota

text: Memorial is a large mountainside sculpture near Mt. Rushmore being built with private funds. The Mammoth Site near Hot Springs is another privately owned attraction in the Black Hills. A working paleontological dig, the site has one of the world's largest concentrations of mammoth remains. Humans have lived in what is today South Dakota for several thousand years. The first inhabitants were Paleoindian hunter-gatherers, and disappeared from the area around 5000 BC. Between 500 AD and 800 AD, a semi-nomadic people known as the Mound Builders lived in central and eastern South Dakota. In the 14th century, the Crow Creek

title: Black Hills National Forest

text: the Black Hills of South Dakota and Wyoming. Within the forest is Black Elk Peak which is the tallest mountain in South Dakota and the highest peak east of the Rocky Mountains in the United States. After a series of devastating wildfires in 1893, U.S. President Grover Cleveland created the Black Hills Forest Reserve on February 22, 1897. U.S. President William McKinley issued a presidential proclamation on September 19, 1898 appending the Black Hills Forest Reserve geographic boundaries while acknowledging the forest preservation decrees established by the Timber Culture Act and Forest Reserve Act of 1891. Upon the creation of

title: Black Hills Corporation

text: centerpiece of the operation is the Wyodak Mine near Gillette, Wyoming in the Powder River Basin, which is the oldest operating surface mine for coal in the United States. The mine has permitted reserves of 286 million tons. In addition it claims in oil and gas reserves(76% of which is natural gas) principally in New Mexico, Colorado and Wyoming. Black Hills Corporation Black Hills Corporation is a Rapid City, South Dakota diversified energy company that is an electric and gas utility in South Dakota and Wyoming and sells power throughout the American West. It derives its name from its home

title: Lead, South Dakota

text: Lead, South Dakota Lead ( ) is a city in Lawrence County, South Dakota, United States. The population was 3,124 at the 2010 census. Lead is located in western South Dakota, in the Black Hills near the Wyoming state line. The city was officially founded on July 10, 1876, after the discovery of gold. The city was named for the leads or lodes of the deposits of valuable ores. It is the site of the Homestake Mine, the largest, deepest () and most productive gold mine in the Western Hemisphere before closing in January 2002. By 1910, Lead had a

title: Elk Mountains (South Dakota)

text: Pilger Mountain and Sullivan Peak. Few people live in or near the Elk Mountains. The closest town is Edgemont, South Dakota, to the south. Tiny unincorporated Dewey and ghost town Burdock lie to the west. Ten miles to the northwest is Newcastle, Wyoming. "Pinus ponderosa" trees are predominant with nearly complete undergrowth of "Carex heliophila". Elk Mountains (South Dakota) The Elk Mountains are a small range of mountains in western South Dakota, forming the southwest portion of the Black Hills as part of its west-dipping monocline. They are geologically distinct from the Black Hills, on the other side of a

title: Dewey, South Dakota

text: Dewey, South Dakota Dewey is an unincorporated community near the southwest corner of Custer County, South Dakota, less than 1 mile from the Wyoming border in a prairie region of the Black Hills. There are approximately five or six homes in town. Dewey has a volunteer fire department in the Edgemont city district. Dewey lies just to the southwest of the Elk Mountains, a small range that is part of the Black Hills. South Dewey Road leads into Fall River County southeast to Burdock and then to Edgemont— from Dewey. Northwest of Dewey is Newcastle, Wyoming. Dewey was originally called

title: Black Hills Land Claim

text: Black Hills Land Claim The Black Hills Land Claim is an ongoing land dispute between Native Americans from the Sioux Nation and the United States government. The Black Hills, the United States' oldest mountain range, is long and wide stretching across South Dakota and Wyoming. The Black Hills derived its name from the black image that is produced by the "thick forest of pine and spruce trees" that covers the hills and was given the name by the Native Americans belonging to the Lakota (Sioux). The Lakota Sioux settled the area in about 1765 after being pushed out of Wisconsin

title: Black Hills National Forest

text: the Elk Mountains in South Dakota as well as the Bear Lodge Mountains in Wyoming. The Black Hills are by far the largest of the three ranges. While ponderosa pine is the most common tree species found in the forest, spruce can be found in the higher elevations. Elk, mule deer, pronghorn and white-tailed deer are commonly seen. Black bears have been spotted in the Black Hills. Cougars are increasing dramatically as a result of prolific herds of deer and elk. Coyotes, bighorn sheep and mountain goats are also frequently seen by visitors. Bald eagles, hawks, osprey, peregrine falcon and

title: Tinton, South Dakota

text: The Tinton Reduction Company. The town was abandoned after a fire destroyed the mill in the 1950s. While many structures are still standing, several have collapsed, and there is no glass in the windows. Today, the town is managed by the mining company Tinton Enterprises. The mines are now back in operation, providing tantalum. Tinton is located at the back of Spearfish Canyon in the Black Hills in Lawrence County, South Dakota. Main Street runs down the Wyoming-South Dakota state line, but the town is most widely accepted to be inside Lawrence County. It is about 6 miles west of

title: South Dakota

text: the George S. Mickelson Trail, a rail trail in the Black Hills. Besides being used by cyclists, the trail is also the site of a portion of the annual Mount Rushmore marathon; the marathon's entire course is at an elevation of over 4,000 feet (1,200 m). Other events in the state include the Tour de Kota, a , six-day cycling event that covers much of eastern and central South Dakota, and the annual Sturgis Motorcycle Rally, which draws hundreds of thousands of participants from around the United States. Some of South Dakota's official state symbols include: South Dakota South Dakota

title: Black Hills

text: to Mount Rushmore National Memorial, Wind Cave National Park, Jewel Cave National Monument, Black Elk Peak, Custer State Park (the largest state park in South Dakota, and one of the largest in the US), Bear Butte State Park, Devils Tower National Monument, and the Crazy Horse Memorial. The Black Hills also hosts the Sturgis Motorcycle Rally each August. The rally was started in 1940 and the 65th Rally in 2005 saw more than 550,000 bikers visit the Black Hills. It is a key part of the regional economy. The George S. Mickelson Trail is a recently opened multi-use path through

title: Black Hills Pioneer

text: Black Hills Pioneer The Black Hills Pioneer (first published as the Black Hills Weekly Pioneer) is a daily newspaper published in Spearfish, South Dakota. Founded by A. W. Merrick and W. A. Laughlin, it was the first newspaper in Deadwood, located in what was then Dakota Territory. The Black Hills Pioneer is the flagship publication of Seaton Publishing Company, Inc. South Dakota. It is part of a family owned newspaper and digital media company providing local journalism to western South Dakota. It is the official newspaper for Lawrence County, Meade County and Butte County, including the towns of Spearfish, Lead,

title: Black Hills

text: and fox squirrels. Biologically, the Black Hills is a meeting and mixing place, with species common to regions to the east, west, north, and south. The Hills do, however, support some endemic taxa, the most famous of which is probably white-winged junco ("Junco hyemalis aikeni"). Some other endemics are Cooper's Rocky Mountain snail, Black Hills subspecies of red-bellied snake, and a Black Hills subspecies of southern red-backed vole. Some birds that are only in the Black Hills and not the rest of South Dakota are pinyon jay, gray jay, three-toed woodpecker, black-backed woodpecker, American dipper, ruffed grouse, and others. The

title: Black Hills Brawl

text: Black Hills Brawl The Black Hills Brawl (also rarely called the West River Rivalry) is annual football game between Black Hills State University and South Dakota School of Mines and Technology. The winner of the game receives the Homestake Trophy. The current venues the game is played in are Lyle Hare Stadium since 1960 (Black Hills State) and O'Harra Stadium since 1938 (South Dakota Mines). First played in 1895 and played 133 times, the Black Hills Brawl is the most played in NCAA Division II and tied for the oldest rivalry in DII (alongside the Battle of the Ravine); it

title: Black Hills

text: in western South Dakota, selling off 9 million acres of their former land. Unlike most of South Dakota, the Black Hills were settled by European Americans primarily from population centers to the west and south of the region, as miners flocked there from earlier gold boom locations in Colorado and Montana. As the economy of the Black Hills has shifted from natural resources (mining and timber) since the late 20th century, the hospitality and tourism industries have grown to take its place. Locals tend to divide the Black Hills into two areas: "The Southern Hills" and "The Northern Hills". The

title: Black Hills Institute of Geological Research

text: Black Hills Institute of Geological Research The Black Hills Institute of Geological Research, Inc. (BHI) is a private corporation specializing in the excavation and preparation of fossils, as well as the sale of both original fossil material and museum-quality replicas. Founded in 1974 and based in Hill City, South Dakota, the company is most famous for excavating and selling replicas of some of the most complete specimens of "Tyrannosaurus rex", including "Sue", "" and "Trix". In March 1992, BHI owners founded the Black Hills Museum of Natural History in Hill City, a non-profit paleontological museum which is controlled by an

title: Black Hills Brawl

text: known at the Dakota School of Mines until 1889, when it became the South Dakota School of Mines; it became SDSM&T in 1943. BHSU was known as Spearfish Normal until 1941, when it became the Black Hills Teachers College; it would be renamed Black Hills State College in 1964 and BHSU in 1989. Black Hills Brawl The Black Hills Brawl (also rarely called the West River Rivalry) is annual football game between Black Hills State University and South Dakota School of Mines and Technology. The winner of the game receives the Homestake Trophy. The current venues the game is played

title: Geography of South Dakota

text: glaciation which deposited a large amount of rocks and soil, known as till, over the area. The thickness of the glacial till layer ranges between 100 and 900 feet (30 and 270 m). This till is also what makes agriculture more prevalent in eastern South Dakota as it is extremely fertile. Much of the human history of South Dakota was shaped by its geology. Gold seekers founded most of the larger cities around the Black Hills, and quarrying was an important economic activity in several areas in eastern South Dakota. Mines and quarries in present-day South Dakota produce gold, Sioux

title: Black Hills Playhouse

text: Black Hills Playhouse The Black Hills Playhouse is an American theater located just off the Needles Highway and Iron Mountain Road in Custer State Park in the Black Hills of South Dakota. The playhouse is managed by Black Hills Playhouse Inc. It is one of the oldest continuously operated non-profit, non-equity professional summer stock theaters in America. Founded in 1946 by University of South Dakota drama professor Dr. Warren M. Lee, the Black Hills Playhouse and its dormitories for actors had been constructed by the Civilian Conservation Corps in 1933. The playhouse opened on June 17, 1946, with plays presented

title: South Dakota

text: South Dakota. Layers deposited during the Pleistocene epoch, starting around two million years ago, cover most of eastern South Dakota. These are the youngest rock and sediment layers in the state, the product of several successive periods of glaciation which deposited a large amount of rocks and soil, known as till, over the area. The Great Plains cover most of the western two-thirds of South Dakota. West of the Missouri River the landscape becomes more arid and rugged, consisting of rolling hills, plains, ravines, and steep flat-topped hills called buttes. In the south, east of the Black Hills, lie the

title: Black Hills Central Railroad

text: operational steam locomotives: The Black Hills Central Railroad also has two diesel locomotives on its engine roster: Black Hills Central Railroad The Black Hills Central Railroad is a heritage railroad that operates in South Dakota, United States. It currently operates the 1880 Train on the former Keystone Branch of the Burlington Northern Railroad (BN) between Hill City, South Dakota and Keystone, South Dakota. This railroad line was originally built by the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad as a mining railroad for gold in the Black Hills. It reached Keystone on January 20, 1900 and was later used to haul equipment

title: Black Hills State University

text: Black Hills State University Black Hills State University (BHSU) is a public university in Spearfish, South Dakota. Close to 4,500 students attend classes at its campus in Spearfish, at sites in Rapid City and Pierre, and through distance offerings. Enrollment comes from all 66 counties in South Dakota, 44 states, and 29 countries. BHSU is governed by the South Dakota Board of Regents. The predecessor to Black Hills State University operated from 1881 to 1883 and was called Dakota College or Dakota Academy. Dakota College was funded by the Congregational Church and was not affiliated with BHSU. In 1883, in

title: Black Hills Beauty College

text: Black Hills Beauty College Black Hills Beauty College is a private cosmetology school with campuses in Rapid City, South Dakota, and Sioux Falls, South Dakota. The nationally-accredited college offers a 2100-hour comprehensive cosmetology program using Pivot Point curriculum. Patrick Miller, a well-known hairstylist and salon owner, founded Black Hills Beauty College in Rapid City, South Dakota in 1978. Miller dedicated himself to providing a complete and well-rounded education for students pursuing a career in cosmetology. After Miller's retirement in 1990, the South Dakota cosmetology school was purchased by Tom and Joy Poloncic. The college has since grown to include campuses

title: Colonial Pine Hills, South Dakota

text: Colonial Pine Hills, South Dakota Colonial Pine Hills is a census-designated place (CDP) and unincorporated community in Pennington County, South Dakota, United States. The population was 2,493 at the 2010 census. Many master-planned communities have been built in Colonial Pine Hills and the area is considered one of the most affluent places to live in Pennington County. Colonial Pine Hills is located at (44.006200, -103.296037). According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of , all of it land. As of the census of 2000, there were 2,561 people, 841 households, and 757 families residing

title: 1972 Black Hills flood

text: 1972 Black Hills flood The Black Hills Flood of 1972, also known as the Rapid City Flood, was the most detrimental flood in South Dakota history, and one of the deadliest floods in U.S. history. The flood took place on June 9–10, 1972 in the Black Hills of Western South Dakota. of rain in a small area over the Black Hills caused Rapid Creek and other waterways to overflow. Severe flooding of residential and commercial properties in Rapid City occurred when Canyon Lake Dam became clogged with debris and failed in the late evening hours of June 9 resulting in

title: Rapid Creek (South Dakota)

text: km) southwest of Wasta. The Rapid Creek is most noted for the Black Hills flood of 1972, in which 238 people perished in Rapid City and in the Black Hills. Since the flood, a flood plain has been established throughout the city making development along the banks inconsiderable. Rapid Creek (South Dakota) Rapid Creek is a tributary of the Cheyenne River, approximately 86 mi (138 km) long, in South Dakota in the United States. The creek's name comes from the Sioux Indians of the area, for the many rapids in the stream. It rises in southwestern South Dakota, in the

title: Black Hills Symphony Orchestra

text: Black Hills Symphony Orchestra The Black Hills Symphony Orchestra (BHSO) is an American orchestra located in Rapid City, South Dakota serving the Black Hills region, and is a member of the League of American Orchestras. The BHSO is administered by Black Hills Symphony Orchestra Society Inc., a non-profit organization, and utilizes approximately ninety musicians for typically five performances each season. The principal venue for the BHSO is the Performing Arts Center. The BHSO has partnered with many other local performing organizations, including Dakota Choral Union, Black Hills Dance Theater, Black Hills Community Theater, and Bells Of The Hills. The BHSO

title: Black Hills Beauty College

text: In addition, 59 of the 61 students who were eligible to be employed during the reporting period were placed in jobs for their course of study, for a placement rate of 93%. Black Hills Beauty College Black Hills Beauty College is a private cosmetology school with campuses in Rapid City, South Dakota, and Sioux Falls, South Dakota. The nationally-accredited college offers a 2100-hour comprehensive cosmetology program using Pivot Point curriculum. Patrick Miller, a well-known hairstylist and salon owner, founded Black Hills Beauty College in Rapid City, South Dakota in 1978. Miller dedicated himself to providing a complete and well-rounded education

title: Black Hills Expedition

text: Black Hills Expedition The Black Hills Expedition was a United States Army expedition in 1874 led by Lieutenant Colonel George Armstrong Custer that set out on July 2, 1874 from modern day Bismarck, North Dakota, which was then Fort Abraham Lincoln in the Dakota Territory, with orders to travel to the previously uncharted Black Hills of South Dakota. Its mission was to look for suitable locations for a fort, find a route to the southwest, and to investigate the possibility of gold mining. Custer and his unit, the 7th Cavalry, arrived in the Black Hills on July 22, 1874, with

title: Black Hills Playhouse

text: the South Dakota National Guard, Boxelder Job Corps and many other partners. A new fly system was installed in the theater and new stage draperies purchased and installed as a result of fundraising by the Black Hills Playhouse Alumni Association. The Black Hills Playhouse is affiliated with the University of South Dakota College of Fine Arts. Each summer the company produces 4-5 shows with performances occurring June through the middle of August. Auditions are held in six locations in February. Professional designers, directors and technical staff are hired annually. Black Hills Playhouse The Black Hills Playhouse is an American theater

title: 1972 Black Hills flood

text: Parks Department employee, to immediately take his family, leave their evening meal on the table and get out of the park. The entire family survived the flood. Not a trace of the home (it was city property) or the contents was ever found. 1972 Black Hills flood The Black Hills Flood of 1972, also known as the Rapid City Flood, was the most detrimental flood in South Dakota history, and one of the deadliest floods in U.S. history. The flood took place on June 9–10, 1972 in the Black Hills of Western South Dakota. of rain in a small area

title: Black Hills Symphony Orchestra

text: are involved in local public and private school music instruction and teach privately. Black Hills Symphony Orchestra The Black Hills Symphony Orchestra (BHSO) is an American orchestra located in Rapid City, South Dakota serving the Black Hills region, and is a member of the League of American Orchestras. The BHSO is administered by Black Hills Symphony Orchestra Society Inc., a non-profit organization, and utilizes approximately ninety musicians for typically five performances each season. The principal venue for the BHSO is the Performing Arts Center. The BHSO has partnered with many other local performing organizations, including Dakota Choral Union, Black Hills

title: Tigerville, South Dakota

text: the mines closed in 1885, many of the miners settled on nearby ranches or moved to other towns. In 1974, only one house and the sawmill remained. Tigerville is located in the Black Hills of western Pennington County, South Dakota, United States. The old town site is located about 4.5 miles northwest of Hill City, South Dakota, at the junction of roads leading to Hill City, Deerfield Lake, and Rochford, South Dakota. Tigerville, South Dakota Tigerville or Tiger City (1878–1885) is a ghost town in the Black Hills of Pennington County, South Dakota, United States. The old mining town represents

title: Rapid Creek (South Dakota)

text: Rapid Creek (South Dakota) Rapid Creek is a tributary of the Cheyenne River, approximately 86 mi (138 km) long, in South Dakota in the United States. The creek's name comes from the Sioux Indians of the area, for the many rapids in the stream. It rises in southwestern South Dakota, in the Black Hills National Forest in the Black Hills in Pennington County. It flows east, is joined by Castle Creek, past Silver City and through the Pactola Reservoir. Emerging from the Black Hills, it flows through Rapid City, past Farmingdale, and joins the Cheyenne River approximately 13 mi (21

title: Rimrock Area, South Dakota

text: Rimrock Area, South Dakota The Rimrock Area is a suburban area of Rapid City, South Dakota located along South Dakota Highway 44 and Rapid Creek in the eastern Black Hills, between Rapid City and US-385. The area consists of a series of rural residential areas, subdivisions of various sizes, and old towns, including: The area has been a suburb of Rapid City since the construction of the Black Hills and Western Railroad in the late 19th century, built along Rapid Creek between Rapid City and Mystic, South Dakota to connect to the Black Hills Highline. Today, an estimated 15,000 people

title: Hail, South Dakota!

text:
Hail, South Dakota! "Hail! South Dakota!" (1943) is the official state song of South Dakota, selected by popular vote. It was written and composed by DeeCort Hammitt (1893-1970). Hail! South Dakota! a great state of the land;
 Health, wealth and beauty, that's what makes her grand;
 She has her Black Hills, and mines with gold so rare,
 And with her scenery, no other state can compare.

 Come where the sun shines, and where life's worth your while;
 You won't be here long, till you'll wear a smile;
 No state's so healthy, and no folk quite so true.
 To South

title: Black Hills Corporation

text: Rapid City in 1910. Both of these companies were purchased by holding companies in the 1920s. With Roosevelt-era legislation to break up big national utility holding companies, Black Hills Power & Light Company was formed in 1941 by combining the assets of General Public Utilities, Inc. and Dakota Power Company which provided power for most of western South Dakota. In 1956, the company completed its acquisition of the Wyodak Coal Company (now Wyodak Resources Development Corporation), from the Homestake Mining Company, setting the stage for the company's significant investments in mining, oil and gas. In July 2002, Black Hills Corporation

title: Elk Mountains (South Dakota)

text: Elk Mountains (South Dakota) The Elk Mountains are a small range of mountains in western South Dakota, forming the southwest portion of the Black Hills as part of its west-dipping monocline. They are geologically distinct from the Black Hills, on the other side of a "racetrack" region of red stone. The ridge of the Elk Mountains is formed of harder sandstones. The east face of the Elk Mountains is a high escarpment, but the west portion falls slowly and features many canyons. The mountains are about higher than the low prairie hills to their west. Most of the Elk Mountains

title: Redfern, South Dakota

text: Redfern, South Dakota Redfern, South Dakota is the site of an old Black Hills Gold Rush community. The area is located at the eastern base of Redfern Mountain, 6,076 feet in elevation, in Pennington County, South Dakota. The mountain and the Redfern townsite is located on the gravel road to Mystic, South Dakota, and is about a mile from the old town site of Tigerville. The Mystic Road is about 7 miles from Hill City, SD on the Deerfield Road. Redfern, SD was first established as a Black Hills Gold Rush community in 1876. It was initially named Happy Camp

title: Black Hills Expedition

text: 1874 was as follows. Printed sources: Websites: Black Hills Expedition The Black Hills Expedition was a United States Army expedition in 1874 led by Lieutenant Colonel George Armstrong Custer that set out on July 2, 1874 from modern day Bismarck, North Dakota, which was then Fort Abraham Lincoln in the Dakota Territory, with orders to travel to the previously uncharted Black Hills of South Dakota. Its mission was to look for suitable locations for a fort, find a route to the southwest, and to investigate the possibility of gold mining. Custer and his unit, the 7th Cavalry, arrived in the

title: Black Hills gold jewelry

text: call its jewelry Black Hills Gold, then it must be made in the Black Hills. The state of South Dakota designated Black Hills gold as the official state jewelry in 1988. The designs use grapes, grape leaves and grape stems and are easily recognizable for their distinctive colors. Silver is alloyed with the yellow gold to produce the green hue, and copper is alloyed with the yellow gold to make the red or pink gold. The jewelry was originally made with South Dakota-mined gold but in more recent years, since the closure of the Homestake Mine, the gold is sourced

title: Geography of South Dakota

text: nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, but only 1,839 miles (2,959 km) of railroad are currently operational. South Dakota's largest commercial airports are located at Sioux Falls and Rapid City. Geography of South Dakota South Dakota is a state located in the north-central United States. It is usually considered to be in the Midwestern region of the country. The state can generally be divided into three geographic regions: eastern South Dakota, western South Dakota, and the Black Hills. Eastern South Dakota is lower in elevation and higher in precipitation than the western part of the state, and the Black Hills are

title: South Dakota

text: the highest point in the United States east of the Rocky Mountains. Two billion-year-old Precambrian formations, the oldest rocks in the state, form the central core of the Black Hills. Formations from the Paleozoic Era form the outer ring of the Black Hills; these were created between roughly 540 and 250 million years ago. This area features rocks such as limestone, which were deposited here when the area formed the shoreline of an ancient inland sea. Much of South Dakota (except for the Black Hills area) is dominated by a temperate grasslands biome. Although grasses and crops cover most of

title: South Dakota

text: Missouri River serves as a boundary in terms of geographic, social, and political differences between eastern and western South Dakota. The geography of the Black Hills, long considered sacred by Native Americans, differs from its surroundings to such an extent it can be considered separate from the rest of western South Dakota. At times the Black Hills are combined with the rest of western South Dakota, and people often refer to the resulting two regions divided by the Missouri River as West River and East River. Eastern South Dakota generally features higher precipitation and lower topography than the western part

title: Rapid City, South Dakota

text: organizations that engage in survey and clinic research, epidemiology, and area-based health promotion disease prevention. The Health Education and Promotion Council and Black Hills Center for American Indian Health are two notable non-profit organizations. Rapid City institutions of higher education include the South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Oglala Lakota College's He Sapa College Center, Black Hills State University - Rapid City University Center (includes classes and degrees through five other South Dakota post-secondary Institutions), National American University, Western Dakota Technical Institute, Black Hills Beauty College, John Witherspoon College, and several small sectarian preacher training schools. Black Hills State

title: Geography of South Dakota

text: Geography of South Dakota South Dakota is a state located in the north-central United States. It is usually considered to be in the Midwestern region of the country. The state can generally be divided into three geographic regions: eastern South Dakota, western South Dakota, and the Black Hills. Eastern South Dakota is lower in elevation and higher in precipitation than the western part of the state, and the Black Hills are a low, isolated mountain group in the southwestern corner of the state. Smaller sub-regions in the state include the Coteau des Prairies, Coteau du Missouri, James River Valley, the

title: Rapid City, South Dakota

text: Rapid City, South Dakota Rapid City (; "Swift Water City") is the second most populous city in South Dakota and the county seat of Pennington County. Named after Rapid Creek, on which the city is established, it is set against the eastern slope of the Black Hills mountain range. The population was 67,956 as of the 2010 Census. Known as the "Gateway to the Black Hills" due to its location and the "City of Presidents" because of the life-size bronze president statues located downtown. Rapid City is split by a low mountain ridge that divides the western and eastern parts

title: Spearfish, South Dakota

text: although its mission has expanded far beyond to include masters programs in Integrative Genomics and Business Administration. It also hosts a summer arts institute, with Spearfish native and international opera star Johanna Meier (daughter of the "Black Hills Passion Play" founder Joseph Meier) serving as Artistic Director. Spearfish is the headquarters and hometown of two bus and coach transport services; Dakota Trailways and Prairie Hills Transit. Spearfish, South Dakota Spearfish (Lakota: "Hočhápȟe") is a city in Lawrence County, South Dakota, United States. The population was 10,494 at the 2010 census. Before the Black Hills Gold Rush of 1876, the area

title: Maverick Junction, South Dakota

text: Maverick Junction, South Dakota Maverick Junction (), South Dakota, is a small, unincorporated community located in Fall River County, South Dakota at the intersection of South Dakota Highway 79 and US Highways 18 and 385, approximately 5 miles southeast of Hot Springs. Like many highway intersections in the Black Hills, Maverick Junction has been known by this name for many years; the origin of the name is not known, but is most likely the original name of a truck stop or other business located at this key road junction. From Maverick Junction: Although located outside the city limits of Hot

title: Black Hills National Cemetery

text: to several conflicts. Most of the original interments in the cemetery were soldiers who fell in battles of the Indian Wars, but it has since been used to inter veterans from every major campaign the United States has been involved in. The cemetery was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2016. In 2018, Kristi Noem sponsored the Black Hills Cemetery Act in Congress that approved of an expansion of the Black Hills cemetery. Black Hills National Cemetery Black Hills National Cemetery is a United States National Cemetery in South Dakota, located three miles (5 km) southeast of

title: Black Hills National Cemetery

text: Black Hills National Cemetery Black Hills National Cemetery is a United States National Cemetery in South Dakota, located three miles (5 km) southeast of Sturgis in Meade County. It encompasses , and as of the end of 2005, had 19,147 interments. Located at exit 34 of Interstate 90, it is administered by the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, which also administers the nearby Fort Meade National Cemetery. It is one of three national cemeteries in South Dakota (the other two being Fort Meade and Hot Springs). The area around the Black Hills Cemetery was originally inhabited by the Lakota Indians.

title: Geography of South Dakota

text: Dissected Till Plains, and the Badlands. Geologic formations in South Dakota range in age from two billion-year-old Precambrian granite in the Black Hills to glacial till deposited over the last few million years. South Dakota is the 17th-largest state in the country. South Dakota has a humid continental climate in the east and in the Black Hills, and a semi-arid climate in the west outside of the Black Hills, featuring four very distinct seasons, and the ecology of the state features plant and animal species typical of a North American temperate grassland biome. A number of areas under the protection

title: Bismuth, South Dakota

text: Bismuth, South Dakota Bismuth is a ghost town in the Black Hills of Custer County, South Dakota, United States. Bismuth existed around 1901 as a small community of half a dozen homes. It once included a store and a baseball team, but now only an old house remains of the town. The site is now part of a campground and a manmade lake. Bismuth is located in the Black Hills on the northern border of Custer County, South Dakota, United States. It was built just north of Iron Creek and is about 1.5 miles northwest of the ghost town Spokane,

title: Novak, South Dakota

text: for school. Until about the 1980s, Novak had two permanently occupied houses, but soon after that, the remaining residents either died or left, and Novak was officially abandoned. In 1974, the only remains of the town were two buildings and a large meadow. Novak is located in the northern Black Hills in Lawrence County, South Dakota, United States. Founded on the bank of Boxelder Creek, it is located along what is today Nemo Road. It is 2.5 miles away from Benchmark and 3 miles northwest of Nemo. Novak, South Dakota Novak, also known as Cindell Spur, is a ghost town

title: South Dakota Mines Hardrockers

text: rival is Black Hills State University, located less than 50 miles away in Spearfish, South Dakota. The last football game of the regular season between the two schools is called the Black Hills Brawl, whose winner gets the traveling Homestake Trophy. SDSM&T's other current rivalries include Colorado School of Mines and Chadron State College. The Eagle-Rock Trophy was created in 2016 to commemorate the past football games and proximity with Chadron State. Men's sports Women's sports South Dakota Mines Hardrockers The South Dakota Mines Hardrockers (also referred to as the South Dakota Tech Hardrockers, SDSMT Hardrockers, and SDSM&T Hardrockers) are

title: Geography of South Dakota

text: River until Pierre, at which point the boundary roughly continues due south while the river turns southeast. The North American continental pole of inaccessibility is in Bennett County, located 1024 mi (1650 km) from the nearest coastline, between Allen and Kyle (Oglala Lakota County) at . South Dakota can generally be divided into three regions: eastern South Dakota, western South Dakota, and the Black Hills. The Missouri River serves as a somewhat stark boundary in terms of geographic, social and political differences between eastern and western South Dakota, and the geography of the Black Hills differs from its surroundings to

title: Galena, South Dakota

text: Galena, South Dakota Galena (also Galena City) is an unincorporated community in Lawrence County, South Dakota, United States. It is often considered to be a ghost town, even though a few families still live in the area. It is not tracked by the U.S. Census Bureau. The town was named after the galena found in the ore in the surrounding mines. In 1875, gold was discovered in the Black Hills and drew settlers to the area. The mines in the area were originally intended to be gold mines, but other metals were more plentiful in the hills. Most of the

title: South Dakota Highway 79

text: South Dakota Highway 79 South Dakota Highway 79 (SD 79) is a state highway in the U.S. state of South Dakota. It runs from Maverick Junction near the Black Hills National Forest to the North Dakota state line. SD 79's southern terminus is at Maverick Junction near Hot Springs, where it meets US 18 and US 385. SD 79 runs east of the Black Hills to Rapid City, where it is Main Street downtown. The road continues north and runs concurrently with US 14 toward Sturgis. Leaving Sturgis, SD 79 leads to Bear Butte State Park and briefly runs concurrently

title: Black Hills

text: An official announcement of gold was made by the newspaper reporters accompanying the expedition. The following year, the Newton-Jenney Party conducted the first detailed survey of the Black Hills. The surveyor for the party, Dr. Valentine McGillycuddy, was the first European American to ascend to the top of Black Elk Peak. This highest point in the Black Hills is 7,242 feet above sea level. During the 1875–1878 gold rush, thousands of miners went to the Black Hills; in 1880, the area was the most densely populated part of the Dakota Territory. Three large towns developed in the Northern Hills: Deadwood,

title: South Dakota Highway 71

text: South Dakota Highway 71 South Dakota Highway 71 (SD 71) is a state highway in the southwestern part of the U.S. state of South Dakota. It travels from the Nebraska state line, where it continues as N-2/N-71, through the Black Hills National Forest, to U.S. Route 18 Bypass (US 18 Byp.) in Hot Springs. The road was originally a part of SD 87. It became SD 71 in 1962. SD 71's southern terminus is at the Nebraska border in Black Hills National Forest where it has the same number. In the forest, the route meets the terminus of South Dakota

title: South Dakota Highway 87

text: of Hill City. South Dakota Highway 87 South Dakota Highway 87 (SD 87) is a state highway in the southwestern part of the U.S. state of South Dakota. It travels through the Black Hills region. The highway's southern terminus is at an intersection with U.S. Route 385 (US 385), about southeast of Pringle, within the southwestern part of Wind Cave National Park. Its northern terminus is at an intersection with US 16/US 385 about south-southwest of Hill City, within the east-central part of the Black Hills National Forest. The highway travels through Wind Cave National Park and Custer State Park.

title: South Dakota Highway 87

text: South Dakota Highway 87 South Dakota Highway 87 (SD 87) is a state highway in the southwestern part of the U.S. state of South Dakota. It travels through the Black Hills region. The highway's southern terminus is at an intersection with U.S. Route 385 (US 385), about southeast of Pringle, within the southwestern part of Wind Cave National Park. Its northern terminus is at an intersection with US 16/US 385 about south-southwest of Hill City, within the east-central part of the Black Hills National Forest. The highway travels through Wind Cave National Park and Custer State Park. The northern of

title: Colonial Pine Hills, South Dakota

text: females age 18 and over, there were 99.4 males. The median income for a household in the CDP was $68,088, and the median income for a family was $70,671. Males had a median income of $45,688 versus $30,505 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $24,201. About 3.0% of families and 3.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 4.4% of those under age 18 and none of those age 65 or over. Colonial Pine Hills, South Dakota Colonial Pine Hills is a census-designated place (CDP) and unincorporated community in Pennington County, South Dakota, United

title: South Dakota

text: in Butte County. The North American continental pole of inaccessibility is between Allen and Kyle, from the nearest coastline. The Missouri River is the largest and longest river in the state. Other major South Dakota rivers include the Cheyenne, James, Big Sioux, and White Rivers. Eastern South Dakota has many natural lakes, mostly created by periods of glaciation. Additionally, dams on the Missouri River create four large reservoirs: Lake Oahe, Lake Sharpe, Lake Francis Case, and Lewis and Clark Lake. South Dakota can generally be divided into three regions: eastern South Dakota, western South Dakota, and the Black Hills. The

title: Merritt, South Dakota

text: Black Hills. It was located at the southern end of the Black Hills & Fort Pierre Railroad. It was 18 miles north of Hill City. Its elevation is . Merritt, South Dakota Merritt is a ghost town in Lawrence County and Pennington County, South Dakota, United States of America. Merritt was a small logging community that once included a school, post office, and a ranger station. It provided fuel and wood for the mines near Lead and Deadwood. It has since been abandoned. In the 1970s, all that remained of the town was a trout ranch. The old site is

title: Flatiron, South Dakota

text: town itself is built on the side of a hill and near a large valley. To the north is the abandoned Little Blue Mine. Flatiron, South Dakota Flatiron, formerly known as Yellow Creek or Flat Iron City, is a ghost town in Lawrence County, South Dakota, United States. It was known for its highly successful gold mining. As people began to move into the Black Hills, several cabins sprang up around Yellow Creek in the Black Hills. In 1894, the town began to be staked out but was not yet fully founded; when the area boomed around May 1896, a

title: Rapid City, South Dakota

text: the Rapid City Metropolitan Statistical Area (Pennington County, Meade County and Custer County) was 141,131. Most cities and towns in the Black Hills and the surrounding plains have a significant percentage of their population who commute to and from Rapid City, and many residents of Rapid City work in outlying towns. Among the nearer suburbs in Pennington and Meade Counties: People who have lived, resided, or were born in Rapid City, South Dakota. Rapid City, South Dakota Rapid City (; "Swift Water City") is the second most populous city in South Dakota and the county seat of Pennington County. Named

title: Geography of South Dakota

text: American Indians, largely Lakota, Dakota, and Nakota (Sioux) are predominant in several counties, mostly in the western part of the state. South Dakota has the third-highest proportion of Native Americans of any state. Rural areas in South Dakota are experiencing a trend of falling populations, despite an overall increase in population. The effect of rural flight has not been spread evenly through South Dakota, however. Although most rural counties and small towns have lost population, the Sioux Falls area and the Black Hills have gained population. In fact, Lincoln County, near Sioux Falls, is the ninth fastest-growing county (by percentage)

title: Flatiron, South Dakota

text: Flatiron, South Dakota Flatiron, formerly known as Yellow Creek or Flat Iron City, is a ghost town in Lawrence County, South Dakota, United States. It was known for its highly successful gold mining. As people began to move into the Black Hills, several cabins sprang up around Yellow Creek in the Black Hills. In 1894, the town began to be staked out but was not yet fully founded; when the area boomed around May 1896, a series of large buildings and small cabins, including a two-story boarding house, were built. Flatiron was first advertised on a billboard as Flat Iron

title: Hanna, South Dakota

text: through the town. The community now contains a pumping station for the Homestake Mine. Hanna is located at (44.261667, -103.844722). Hanna, South Dakota Hanna is a small unincorporated community in Lawrence County, South Dakota, United States. It is located along the Hanna Road in the Black Hills of South Dakota. The small settlement or village is south of the Hanna Campground and west-southwest of the Lead Country Club. The community is located about twelve miles southwest of Lead, South Dakota. Hanna was founded in 1904. It was named in honor of a United States Senator, Marc Hanna of Ohio, who

title: Geography of South Dakota

text: buffalo bean, and prairie clover legumes. Vegetation is predominantly blue grama, little bluestem, bunchgrass, buffalograss, wheatgrass, and green needleleaf. Due to higher elevation and precipitation, the ecology of the Black Hills differs significantly from that of the plains. The mountains are thickly blanketed by coniferous needleleaf evergreens: various types of pines—including ponderosa (covering , or 80% of the Black Hills forest), lodgepole, white, and timber—as well as western red cedar and spruces. Western yellow ponderosa is the most important lumber tree in the area. The South Dakota state tree is the Black Hills spruce. The Red Valley is home to

title: South Dakota Board of Regents

text: South Dakota Board of Regents The South Dakota Board of Regents is a governing board that controls six public universities in the U.S. state of South Dakota. These include Black Hills State University, Dakota State University, Northern State University, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, South Dakota State University, and the University of South Dakota. The Board also governs the South Dakota School for the Blind and Visually Impaired and the South Dakota School for the Deaf as well as South Dakota Public Universities and Research Center, Capitol University Center, and the Higher Education Center-West River. In control of

title: South Dakota Highway 79

text: with U.S. Route 212 south of Newell. Near North Dakota, the highway passes through the South Dakota portion of Custer National Forest. SD 79 then joins SD 20 for a short concurrent run, and finally turns northward until it reaches North Dakota. South Dakota Highway 79 South Dakota Highway 79 (SD 79) is a state highway in the U.S. state of South Dakota. It runs from Maverick Junction near the Black Hills National Forest to the North Dakota state line. SD 79's southern terminus is at Maverick Junction near Hot Springs, where it meets US 18 and US 385. SD

title: Hill City, South Dakota

text: Hill City, South Dakota Hill City is the oldest existing city in Pennington County, South Dakota, United States. The population was 948 at the 2010 census. Hill City is located southwest of Rapid City on State Highway 16 and on U.S. Route 385 that connects Deadwood to Hot Springs. Hill City is known as the "Heart of the Hills" which is derived from its close proximity to both the geographical center of the Black Hills, and the local tourist destinations. The city has its roots in the Black Hills mining rush of the late 19th century. Tin mining was dominant

title: Black Hills gold jewelry

text: Black Hills gold jewelry Black Hills gold jewelry is a type of jewelry manufactured in the Black Hills of South Dakota. It was first created in the 1870s during the Black Hills Gold Rush by a French goldsmith named Henri LeBeau, who is said to have dreamed about the design after passing out from thirst and starvation. Black Hills gold jewelry depicts leaves, grape clusters and vines, and is made with alloys of gold with standard yellow gold as well as green and pink gold. In 1980, the 8th Circuit affirmed an injunction ruling that if a manufacturer was to

title: South Dakota

text: highest precipitation at nearly per year. South Dakota summers bring frequent, sometimes severe, thunderstorms with high winds, thunder, and hail. The state's eastern part is often considered part of Tornado Alley, and South Dakota experiences an average of 30 tornadoes each year. Severe blizzards and ice storms occur often during winter. South Dakota has several sites administered by the National Park Service. Two national parks have been established in South Dakota, both in the state's southwestern part. Wind Cave National Park, established in 1903 in the Black Hills, has an extensive cave network as well as a large herd of

title: Sheridan, South Dakota

text: Sheridan, South Dakota Sheridan, originally called Golden City, was an early mining camp in Pennington County, South Dakota, United States. It was the first county seat of Pennington County from 1877 to 1878. It is now submerged under Sheridan Lake. Sheridan began as a gold mining camp in the Black Hills, was laid out in the spring of 1875, and was originally called Golden City. It is the third oldest camp in the Black Hills. There were several mines in the area, including the Queen Bee, J.R., Blue Lead, and Calumet. One of the first rich placers was found there

title: Etta, South Dakota

text: Etta, South Dakota Etta, also known as Etta Camp and Etta Mine, is a ghost town in Pennington County, South Dakota, United States. It was a successful mining town, known for its discovery of the largest spodumene crystal ever found. Etta was in existence before the nearby town of Keystone. It was first started by the Harvey Peak Tin Mining, Milling, and Manufacturing Company as a mica mining camp. However, the ore was revealed to actually be cassiterite, a tin ore; this discovery caused dozens of new mines to spring up all over the Black Hills. Most of these mines

title: Black Hills Land Claim

text: denials of appeals brought by tribal lawyer Mario Gonzalez, the Black Hills Steering Committee was formed. The committee drafted a bill for Congress that asked for the of the Black Hills in South Dakota. At the time, the committee's coordinator stated that "the bill would give the Sioux all Federal land in the area, roughly two million acres." Under the bill, the Black Hills Steering Committee promised to keep all federal employees that worked on the Black Hills. In August 2009, the Obama Administration talked about settling the Black Hills land claim dispute. In a press statement, President Barack Obama

title: South Dakota Board of Regents

text: all institutional decisions for the six public universities, the Board has an operating budget of approximately $306 million. As of July 2017, the members of the Board of Regents are as follows: South Dakota Board of Regents The South Dakota Board of Regents is a governing board that controls six public universities in the U.S. state of South Dakota. These include Black Hills State University, Dakota State University, Northern State University, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, South Dakota State University, and the University of South Dakota. The Board also governs the South Dakota School for the Blind and

title: Black Hills Symphony Orchestra

text: the death of his father. In 1977, the Rapid City Symphony Orchestra Society was formed to oversee the orchestra. In 1988 the group took up its current name of "Black Hills Symphony Orchestra," recognizing the fact that its members and audience are drawn from the larger Black Hills area. The symphony is one of two major orchestras in South Dakota. The Black Hills Symphony Orchestra provides educational opportunities to the youth of the Black Hills area through the following programs: Symphony Safari, Music In the Schools, Young Artist Competition (with the Black Hills Symphony League). Many members of the orchestra

title: Corson County, South Dakota

text: Corson County, South Dakota Corson County is a county located in the U.S. state of South Dakota. As of the 2010 census, the population was 4,050. Its county seat is McIntosh. The county was named for Dighton Corson, a native of Maine, who came to the Black Hills in 1876, and in 1877 began practicing law at Deadwood. The county is encompassed within the Standing Rock Indian Reservation, which extends into North Dakota. The Lakota people reside primarily in the South Dakota part of the reservation; the Yanktonai and Dakota live in that part in North Dakota. The Grand River,

title: Deadwood, South Dakota

text: land disputes were endemic, having reached the United States Supreme Court on several occasions. However, in 1874, Colonel George Armstrong Custer led an expedition into the Black Hills and announced the discovery of gold on French Creek near present-day Custer, South Dakota. This announcement triggered the Black Hills Gold Rush and gave rise to the new and lawless town of Deadwood, which quickly reached a population of around 5,000. In early 1876, frontiersman Charlie Utter and his brother Steve led a wagon train to Deadwood containing what were deemed to be needed commodities to bolster business. The gamblers and prostitutes

title: Hanna, South Dakota

text: Hanna, South Dakota Hanna is a small unincorporated community in Lawrence County, South Dakota, United States. It is located along the Hanna Road in the Black Hills of South Dakota. The small settlement or village is south of the Hanna Campground and west-southwest of the Lead Country Club. The community is located about twelve miles southwest of Lead, South Dakota. Hanna was founded in 1904. It was named in honor of a United States Senator, Marc Hanna of Ohio, who died shortly before the community was founded. At one time, a branch of the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad ran

title: Geography of South Dakota

text: igneous rocks. These form the central core of the Black Hills, but they can also be found in two isolated locations in eastern South Dakota near Milbank and Sioux Falls. Formations from the Paleozoic Era form the outer ring of the Black Hills; these were created between roughly 540 and 250 million years ago. This area features rocks such as limestone which were deposited here when the area formed the shoreline of an ancient inland sea. Outside of the Black Hills, much of western South Dakota features rock formed during the Mesozoic Era, from 250 million to 66 million years

title: Rapid City, South Dakota

text: for 84 years by the State of South Dakota and sold in 2003 to GCC, a Mexican-based conglomerate), Black Hills Ammunition an ammunition and reloading supplies manufacturing company, several custom sawmills, a lime plant, a computer peripheral component manufacturing plant, and several farm and ranch equipment manufacturers. Of particular note, Rapid City is the center for the manufacture of Black Hills gold jewelry, a popular product with tourists and Westerners in general. Rapid City is also the location of the only manufacturer of stamping machines used for the labeling of plywood and chipboard products. Although most gold mining has ceased

title: Black Hills Airport

text: x 46 m). For the 12-month period ending May 16, 2007, the airport had 25,600 aircraft operations, an average of 70 per day: 94% general aviation, 6% air taxi and <1% military. At that time there were 78 aircraft based at this airport: 87% single-engine, 9% multi-engine and 4% ultralight. Black Hills Airport Black Hills Airport , also known as Clyde Ice Field, is a county-owned public-use airport located three miles (5 km) east of the central business district of Spearfish, a city in Lawrence County, South Dakota, United States. Black Hills-Clyde Ice Field covers an area of which contains

title: Johnson Siding, South Dakota

text: Johnson Siding, South Dakota Johnson Siding is an unincorporated community in Pennington County, South Dakota, United States. The population as of the 2010 census was 659. It is located in the Rimrock Area, about 10 miles west of Rapid City. It is surrounded by the Black Hills National Forest. It is the only significant business district in the Rimrock Area, with a gas station/general store, deli, casino, tavern, the Johnson Siding Volunteer Fire Department firehouse, the Rimrock Evangelical Free Church meetinghouse, and a community center. However, most inhabitants work in Rapid City or Deadwood. Johnson Siding is named for a

title: Redfern, South Dakota

text: and he built a siding with water towers at the location and it was named after him. The Redfern area is the center of many gold mines, old habitation locations, and timber camps. Redfern, South Dakota Redfern, South Dakota is the site of an old Black Hills Gold Rush community. The area is located at the eastern base of Redfern Mountain, 6,076 feet in elevation, in Pennington County, South Dakota. The mountain and the Redfern townsite is located on the gravel road to Mystic, South Dakota, and is about a mile from the old town site of Tigerville. The Mystic