query: Who was the first person to reach the North Pole?

title: North Pole

text: 17 March 1959 "USS Skate" (SSN-578) surfaced at the Pole, breaking through the ice above it, becoming the first naval vessel to do so. Setting aside Peary's claim, the first confirmed surface conquest of the North Pole was that of Ralph Plaisted, Walt Pederson, Gerry Pitzl and Jean Luc Bombardier, who traveled over the ice by snowmobile and arrived on 19 April 1968. The United States Air Force independently confirmed their position. On 6 April 1969 Wally Herbert and companions Allan Gill, Roy Koerner and Kenneth Hedges of the British Trans-Arctic Expedition became the first men to reach the North

title: Pac-Kit First Aid Kits

text: him. Also in 1909, Admiral Robert E. Peary was the first to reach the North Pole. When he returned, Admiral Peary presented to Burroughs Wellcome specimens of Tabloid products that he had carried with him to the North Pole. Several years later, the Norwegian Captain Roald Amundsen and the Englishman Captain Robert Scott raced to become the first to reach the South Pole. Both expeditions started almost simultaneously but it was Amundsen who reached the pole first on December 14, 1911. Both men carried Tabloid outfits with them. On foot, by ship and also in the air, Burroughs Wellcome’s first

title: North Pole

text: amount of logical reasoning can not avoid the conclusion that neither Cook, nor Peary, nor Byrd reached the North Pole; and they all knew it." The first consistent, verified, and scientifically convincing attainment of the Pole was on 12 May 1926, by Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen and his US sponsor Lincoln Ellsworth from the airship "Norge". "Norge", though Norwegian-owned, was designed and piloted by the Italian Umberto Nobile. The flight started from Svalbard in Norway, and crossed the Arctic Ocean to Alaska. Nobile, with several scientists and crew from the "Norge", overflew the Pole a second time on 24 May

title: North Pole

text: to the eastern coast of Greenland. In May 1945 an RAF Lancaster of the "Aries" expedition became the first Commonwealth aircraft to overfly the North Geographic and North Magnetic Poles. The plane was piloted by David Cecil McKinley of the Royal Air Force. It carried an 11-man crew, with Kenneth C. Maclure of the Royal Canadian Air Force in charge of all scientific observations. In 2006, Maclure was honoured with a spot in Canada's Aviation Hall of Fame. Discounting Peary's disputed claim, the first men to set foot at the North Pole were a Soviet party including geophysicists Mikhail Ostrekin

title: Polar exploration

text: notes a hypothetical Terra Australis Incognita. However, due to harsh weather conditions, the poles themselves would not be reached for centuries after that. When they finally were reached, the achievement was realized only a few years apart. There are two claims, both disputed, about who was the first person to reach the geographic North Pole. Frederick Cook, accompanied by two Inuit men, Ahwelah and Etukishook claimed to have reached the Pole on April 21, 1908, although this claim is generally doubted. On April 6, 1909, Robert Peary claimed to be the first person in recorded history to reach the North

title: North Pole

text: myself how he travelled across the pack ice, I am more convinced than ever that Peary did indeed discover the North Pole." Another rejection of Peary's claim arrived in 2009, when E. Myles Standish of the California Institute of Technology, an experienced referee of scientific claims, reported numerous alleged lacunae and inconsistencies. The first claimed flight over the Pole was made on 9 May 1926 by US naval officer Richard E. Byrd and pilot Floyd Bennett in a Fokker tri-motor aircraft. Although verified at the time by a committee of the National Geographic Society, this claim has since been undermined

title: North Pole

text: North Pole on a motorcycle. On 18 May 1987 USS "Billfish" (SSN 676), USS "Sea Devil" (SSN 664) and HMS "Superb" (S 109) surfaced at the North Pole, the first international surfacing at the North Pole. In 1988 a 13-man strong team (9 Soviets, 4 Canadians) skied across the arctic from Siberia to northern Canada. One of the Canadians, Richard Weber became the first person to reach the Pole from both sides of the Arctic Ocean. On 4 May 1990 Børge Ousland and Erling Kagge became the first explorers ever to reach the North Pole unsupported, after a 58-day ski

title: North Pole

text: Herbert was the first person to reach the pole of inaccessibility. On 17 August 1977 the Soviet nuclear-powered icebreaker "Arktika" completed the first surface vessel journey to the North Pole. In 1982 Ranulph Fiennes and Charles R. Burton became the first people to cross the Arctic Ocean in a single season. They departed from Cape Crozier, Ellesmere Island, on 17 February 1982 and arrived at the geographic North Pole on 10 April 1982. They travelled on foot and snowmobile. From the Pole, they travelled towards Svalbard but, due to the unstable nature of the ice, ended their crossing at the

title: North Pole

text: the third pair of submarines to surface together at the North Pole. In March 1990, "Gurnard" deployed to the Arctic region during exercise Ice Ex '90 and completed only the fourth winter submerged transit of the Bering and Seas. "Gurnard" surfaced at the North Pole on April 18, in the company of the USS "Seahorse" (SSN-669). On 6 May 1986 USS "Archerfish" (SSN 678), USS "Ray" (SSN 653) and USS "Hawkbill" (SSN-666) surfaced at the North Pole, the first tri-submarine surfacing at the North Pole. On 21 April 1987 Shinji Kazama of Japan became the first person to reach the

title: North Magnetic Pole

text: physician and natural philosopher William Gilbert. He was also the first to define the North Magnetic Pole as the point where the Earth's magnetic field points vertically downwards. This is the definition used nowadays, though it would be a few hundred years before the nature of the Earth's magnetic field was understood properly. The first expedition to reach the North Magnetic Pole was led by James Clark Ross, who found it at Cape Adelaide on the Boothia Peninsula on June 1, 1831. Roald Amundsen found the North Magnetic Pole in a slightly different location in 1903. The third observation was

title: Freddy Goes to the North Pole

text: Freddy Goes to the North Pole Freddy goes to the North Pole (1930) (formerly published as More To and Again) is the second of the Freddy the Pig books written by Walter R. Brooks. It tells of how the animals of the Bean Farm went to rescue some of their animals friends who went on an expedition to the North Pole. In the beginning, Freddy had the idea to establish a tourism company called Barnyard Tours Inc. The animals agreed, and the company was formed. Animals could pay for a tour with food, or by doing work for Mr. Bean.

title: Road to the North Pole

text: Road to the North Pole "Road to the North Pole" is the seventh episode of the ninth season of the animated comedy series "Family Guy". Directed by Greg Colton and co-written by Chris Sheridan and Danny Smith, the episode originally aired on Fox in the United States on December 12, 2010. In "Road to the North Pole", Stewie and Brian go on an adventure to the North Pole so that Stewie can kill Santa Claus. They discover a dreary, polluting factory full of disease-ridden elves and carnivorous, feral reindeer, along with a sickly, exhausted and suicidal Santa. Stewie and Brian

title: Freddy Goes to the North Pole

text: left and Santa Claus’s workshop went back to normal. Santa Claus took the animals and the two children to the Bean Farm. Freddy Goes to the North Pole Freddy goes to the North Pole (1930) (formerly published as More To and Again) is the second of the Freddy the Pig books written by Walter R. Brooks. It tells of how the animals of the Bean Farm went to rescue some of their animals friends who went on an expedition to the North Pole. In the beginning, Freddy had the idea to establish a tourism company called Barnyard Tours Inc. The

title: North Magnetic Pole

text: its mean position. This effect is due to disturbances of the geomagnetic field by charged particles from the Sun. The first team of novices to reach the Magnetic North Pole did so in 1996, led by David Hempleman-Adams. It included the first British woman Sue Stockdale and first Swedish woman to reach the Pole. The team also successfully tracked the location of the Magnetic North Pole on behalf of the University of Ottawa, and certified its location by magnetometer and theodolite at . The biennial Polar Race takes place between Resolute Bay in northern Canada and the 1996-certified location of

title: Road to the North Pole

text: mirror asking his reflection, in the form of a crazed clown, how he is doing. Brian and Stewie decide to go to the North Pole to kill Santa, but Brian does not want Stewie to get disappointed if Santa is not what everybody thinks he is; to this Stewie responds that Brian is as negative as Eeyore from Winnie-the-Pooh. To prevent Stewie from going to the North Pole he tells him that Santa is not real; Stewie questions this, also asking if Elmo, SpongeBob SquarePants and Curious George aren't real. On their way to the North Pole, Brian and Stewie

title: Pole to Pole

text: flying there on a small aeroplane fitted with skis. The North Pole scene was filmed in May 1992, after the rest of the series had been shot, as weather conditions were more suitable then as the ice was too fragile the previous year. From there, he heads to Greenland, then the Norwegian island of Spitsbergen, where the towns of Ny Ålesund and Longyearbyen are located. From there he sails across the Barents Sea on a supply ship to the Norwegian port city of Tromsø, where he visits a statue of Roald Amundsen, the first man to reach the South Pole.

title: Road to the North Pole

text: North Pole" is the sixth episode of the "Road to" episodes of the series which air through various seasons of the show. It was directed by "Family Guy" veteran Greg Colton, this being the first episode he has directed since the eighth season episode "Go Stewie, Go." This is also Colton's third "Road to" episode, the first being "Road to Germany" and the second being "Road to the Multiverse." The episode was written by Chris Sheridan and Danny Smith, this being the first Smith wrote since "Partial Terms of Endearment," and his first "Road to" episode. It included staff writers

title: Pole to Pole

text: the North and South Poles. Pole to Pole Pole to Pole is an eight-part television documentary travel series made for the BBC, and first broadcast on BBC1 in 1992. The presenter is Michael Palin, this being the second of Palin's major journeys for the BBC. The first was "", a 7-part series first broadcast on BBC One in 1989, and the third was "Full Circle with Michael Palin", a 10-part series first broadcast on BBC One in 1997. The trip from the North Pole to the South Pole went via Scandinavia, the Soviet Union, parts of Europe, and through the

title: North Pole

text: Pole on foot (albeit with the aid of dog teams and airdrops). They continued on to complete the first surface crossing of the Arctic Ocean – and by its longest axis, Utqiagvik, Alaska to Svalbard – a feat that has never been repeated. Because of suggestions (later proven false) of Plaisted's use of air transport, some sources classify Herbert's expedition as the first confirmed to reach the North Pole over the ice surface by any means. In the 1980s Plaisted's pilots Weldy Phipps and Ken Lee signed affidavits asserting that no such airlift was provided. It is also said that

title: Farthest North

text: 1948. On , a US Navy submarine, also named , was the first to sail under the ice pack to reach the North Pole. On , the became the first submarine to surface at the North Pole. In 1968, British explorer Sir Wally Herbert became the first person to indubitably reach the Pole on foot, having sledged from Alaska. His expedition was supported by air drops. Farthest North Farthest North describes the most northerly latitude reached by explorers before the conquest of the North Pole rendered the expression obsolete. The Arctic polar regions are much more accessible than those of

title: Road to the North Pole

text: Sound Mixing for a Comedy or Drama Series (Half-Hour) and Animation. It later won for Outstanding Sound Mixing for a Comedy or Drama Series (Half-Hour) and Animation. The song "Christmastime Is Killing Us" was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Song Written for Visual Media. Brian takes Stewie to the mall, only to get a rude brush-off from the Santa who works there when he leaves for the night. As a result, Stewie vows to kill Santa for blowing him off and forces Brian to take him to the North Pole. Attempting to trick Stewie, he brings him to

title: Pole of inaccessibility

text: to reach this false northern pole of inaccessibility was made by Sir Hubert Wilkins, who flew by aircraft in 1927. In 1941, the first Soviet expedition using an airplane landed 350 kilometers north of the false northern pole, thus actually becoming the first expedition to reach the real pole. Ignoring Soviet results, Sir Wally Herbert claimed to be the first to reach what was then considered to be the northern pole of inaccessibility on foot, arriving by dogsled in 1968. Explorer Jim McNeill claimed in 2006 that Herbert did not quite make the pole, and launched his own unsuccessful attempt

title: The North Pole Project

text: the deal he began his work on the new Number One Gun album, ""The North Pole Project"" as a solo record. The North Pole Project The North Pole Project is the third studio album released by the Christian rock band Number One Gun. It was released under Tooth & Nail Records on January 15, 2008. After Number One Gun decided to split up in 2006 all four former members went their own directions. Jeff Schneeweis started a band called ""The North Pole Project"" which would later be his inspiration for the name of this album. Sometime later Schneeweis was approached

title: Pole to Pole

text: Pole to Pole Pole to Pole is an eight-part television documentary travel series made for the BBC, and first broadcast on BBC1 in 1992. The presenter is Michael Palin, this being the second of Palin's major journeys for the BBC. The first was "", a 7-part series first broadcast on BBC One in 1989, and the third was "Full Circle with Michael Palin", a 10-part series first broadcast on BBC One in 1997. The trip from the North Pole to the South Pole went via Scandinavia, the Soviet Union, parts of Europe, and through the heart of Africa. The intention

title: Pole to Pole: The Photographs

text: Pole to Pole: The Photographs Pole to Pole – The Photographs is a large coffee-table style book containing pictures taken by Basil Pao, who was the stills photographer on the team that made the "Pole to Pole with Michael Palin" TV program for the BBC. Michael Palin's name is prominently displayed on the cover, and he has contributed a one-page Foreword, plus approximately 16 pages of text (two-page introductions to each of the eight chapters). The rest of the book consists of Basil Pao's photographs, each with a short text indicating what the picture is about and where it was

title: North Pole-2

text: North Pole-2 North Pole-2 () was the Soviet manned drifting station. It was established on April 2, 1950 and drifted for about a year between the Bering Strait and the North Pole. It was closed on April 11, 1951, after the piece of ice it was based on broke into two. The commander of the station was Mikhail Somov, who was made the Hero of the Soviet Union for his role in the expedition. North Pole-2 became the first Soviet manned drifting station after North Pole-1 launched in 1937, and established a series of polar expeditions. The station was manned

title: Pole to Pole: The Photographs

text: statistic mentioned by Michael Palin in the introduction to this book is that Basil Pao took 30,000 pictures during the 5½ months that the trip lasted. 30,000 pictures is approx. 850 rolls of film or approx. 200 pictures and 6 rolls of film every day. Pole to Pole: The Photographs Pole to Pole – The Photographs is a large coffee-table style book containing pictures taken by Basil Pao, who was the stills photographer on the team that made the "Pole to Pole with Michael Palin" TV program for the BBC. Michael Palin's name is prominently displayed on the cover, and

title: North Pole

text: heat), rather than at altitude on a continental land mass. Despite being an ice cap, it shares some characteristics with a tundra climate ("ETf") due to the July and August temperatures peaking just above freezing. Winter temperatures at the northernmost weather station in Greenland can range from about , averaging around , with the North Pole being slightly colder. However, a freak storm caused the temperature to reach for a time at a World Meteorological Organization buoy, located at 87.45°N, on December 30, 2015. It was estimated that the temperature at the North Pole was between during the storm. Summer

title: The North Pole Project

text: The North Pole Project The North Pole Project is the third studio album released by the Christian rock band Number One Gun. It was released under Tooth & Nail Records on January 15, 2008. After Number One Gun decided to split up in 2006 all four former members went their own directions. Jeff Schneeweis started a band called ""The North Pole Project"" which would later be his inspiration for the name of this album. Sometime later Schneeweis was approached by Tooth & Nail Records and asked to release his music under the name Number One Gun. When Schneeweis agreed to

title: North Pole

text: engineer Salomon August Andrée and two companions tried to reach the North Pole in the hydrogen balloon "Örnen" ("Eagle"), but came down north of Kvitøya, the northeasternmost part of the Svalbard archipelago. They trekked to Kvitøya but died there three months later. In 1930 the remains of this expedition were found by the Norwegian Bratvaag Expedition. The Italian explorer Luigi Amedeo, Duke of the Abruzzi and Captain Umberto Cagni of the Italian Royal Navy (Regia Marina) sailed the converted whaler "Stella Polare" ("Pole Star") from Norway in 1899. On 11 March 1900 Cagni led a party over the ice and

title: The Conquest of the Pole

text: Pole", directed by the pioneering British filmmaker Robert W. Paul in 1903, features a Polar giant, strongly suggesting a direct influence on Méliès. Méliès may also have remembered that the Lumière Brothers had filmed a staged reenactment of Polar exploration, "The Explorer Andrée at the North Pole", in 1897. Georges Méliès is widely regarded as the first person to recognize the potential of narrative film, and his "A Trip to the Moon" (1902), "The Kingdom of the Fairies" (1903), and "The Impossible Voyage" (1904) were among the most popular films of the first few years of the twentieth century. However,

title: Road to the North Pole

text: their travel the Statue of Liberty can be seen. Unfortunately, they are not able to deliver the presents, and the next morning the residents of Quahog are upset because they have no presents, but Mort says he got eight mediocre gifts. "Road to the North Pole" was broadcast on December 12, 2010, as a part of an animated television night on Fox, and was preceded by "The Simpsons", and followed by "Family Guy" creator and executive producer Seth MacFarlane's second show, "American Dad!". It was watched by 8.03 million viewers, according to Nielsen ratings, despite airing simultaneously with the "Desperate

title: The Purchase of the North Pole

text: The Purchase of the North Pole The Purchase of the North Pole or Topsy-Turvy () is an adventure novel by Jules Verne, published in 1889. It is the third and last novel of the Baltimore Gun Club, first appearing in "From the Earth to the Moon", and later in "Around the Moon", featuring the same characters but set twenty years later. Like some other books of his later years, in this novel Verne tempers his love of science and engineering with a good dose of irony about their potential for harmful abuse and the fallibility of human endeavors. In the

title: Road to the North Pole

text: described the episode as "Christmas comedy gold", praising the 'Christmastime is Killing Us' song and Boreanaz's cameo. The Parents Television Council, a conservative campaigning critic of Seth MacFarlane works, named "Family Guy" its "Worst TV Show of the Week" for "Road to the North Pole" for the week ending on December 17, 2010. It got this rating due to sexual content and excessive violent scenes including the scene in which Stewie beats a man to death with a baseball bat, and the scenes featuring Seth MacFarlane's father, Ron, while also stating, "Forget naughty or nice. This show was simply nauseating."

title: Road to the North Pole

text: Robin Pierson of The TV Critic gave "Road to the North Pole" a 47 out of a possible 100, said "A little more interesting plot wise than the usual fare but otherwise just as gruesome". He especially disliked the portrayal of Santa and his elves and the violence. The episode was also nominated for Outstanding Original Music and Lyrics (for song "Christmastime Is Killing Us", written by Ron Jones, Seth MacFarlane, and Danny Smith) and Outstanding Sound Mixing for a Comedy or Drama Series (Half-Hour) and Animation. It won for Outstanding Sound Mixing for a Comedy or Drama Series (Half-Hour)

title: Emperor of the North Pole

text: Emperor of the North Pole Emperor of the North Pole is a 1973 American DeLuxe Color film directed by Robert Aldrich, starring Lee Marvin, Ernest Borgnine, and Keith Carradine. It was later re-released on home media (and is more widely known) under the shorter title Emperor of the North, ostensibly chosen by studio executives to avoid being confused as a heartwarming holiday story. This original title is an homage to the historic joke among Great Depression-era hobos that the world's best hobo was "Emperor of the North Pole", a way of poking fun at their own desperate situation, since somebody

title: Pole to Pole: The Photographs

text: taken. Some of the pictures are displayed as impressive two-page spreads. A majority of the pictures show the people they encountered along the way, some as informal portraits, some showing people engaged in various activities. There are also many beautiful landscapes plus a few pictures of monuments and interesting buildings, etc. The book is organized in eight chapters: Seven of the pictures, taken at and near the North Pole and the South Pole, were not taken by Basil Pao, as there was no room for him in the small airplanes used at the two extremes of the trip. One amazing

title: Road to the North Pole

text: a Santa's Village amusement park. Soon discovering the charade, Stewie threatens to shoot Brian if he does not take him to the real North Pole. Stewie hitches a ride with a trucker and so Brian follows him all the way to Canada. On the way, Stewie accidentally causes a traffic pileup by discharging a flare pistol in the cab of the truck, which catches fire and explodes. Crashing his car in a chain reaction, Brian becomes angry and tells Stewie that Santa does not exist. Stewie becomes frustrated and continues to attempt to hitchhike, coercing Brian to join him. The

title: Road to the North Pole

text: find themselves in Canada, where they meet a man with a thick Canadian accent; they also see the Aurora borealis and the Aurora Boreanaz (an aurora with David Boreanaz's face). When they finally get to the North Pole and find it polluted and lifeless, Stewie compares it to Bridgeport, Connecticut; thus resulting in a cutaway to a Bridgeport resident writing an angry letter to the Family Guy writer staff about Stewie's comment. When Santa Claus is near death, he shocks Stewie by saying "I'll be with Allah soon". When Brian and Stewie decide to deliver the presents for Santa, in

title: North Magnetic Pole

text: the North Magnetic Pole at . On 25 July 2007, the "Top Gear " was broadcast on BBC Two in the United Kingdom, in which Jeremy Clarkson and James May (and their support and camera team) became the first people in history to reach this location in a car. Historically, the magnetic compass was an important tool for navigation. While it has been widely replaced by global positioning systems, many airplanes and ships still carry them, as do casual boaters and hikers. The direction in which a compass needle points is known as magnetic north. In general, this is not

title: Road to the North Pole

text: Housewives" on ABC, "The Amazing Race" and "Undercover Boss" on CBS and "Sunday Night Football" on NBC. The episode also acquired a 3.9 rating in the 18–49 demographic, beating "American Dad!" and "The Simpsons" in addition to significantly edging out both shows in total viewership. The episode's ratings increased significantly from the previous week's episode. This episode received generally positive response from critics. Todd VanDerWerff of "The A.V. Club" gave "Road to the North Pole" a positive review, stating that it is "a satisfying episode of "Family Guy" all around, filled with funny gags and nice moments." He especially praised

title: North Magnetic Pole

text: Because opposite poles attract, this definition means that the Earth's North Magnetic Pole is actually a magnetic "south" pole and the Earth's South Magnetic Pole is a magnetic "north" pole. The direction of magnetic field lines is defined such that the lines emerge from the magnet's north pole and enter into the magnet's south pole. Early European navigators believed that compass needles were attracted to a "magnetic island" somewhere in the far north (see Rupes Nigra), or to the Pole Star. The idea that the Earth itself acts as a giant magnet was first proposed in 1600 by the English

title: North Pole

text: 1949 two other Soviet scientists (Vitali Volovich and Andrei Medvedev) became the first people to parachute onto the North Pole. They jumped from a Douglas C-47 Skytrain, registered CCCP H-369. On 3 May 1952 U.S. Air Force Lieutenant Colonel Joseph O. Fletcher and Lieutenant William Pershing Benedict, along with scientist Albert P. Crary, landed a modified Douglas C-47 Skytrain at the North Pole. Some Western sources considered this to be the first landing at the Pole until the Soviet landings became widely known. The United States Navy submarine "USS Nautilus" (SSN-571) crossed the North Pole on 3 August 1958. On

title: North Pole

text: 1928, in the airship "Italia". The "Italia" crashed on its return from the Pole, with the loss of half the crew. In May 1937 the world's first North Pole ice station, North Pole-1, was established by Soviet scientists by air 20 kilometres (13 mi) from the North Pole. The expedition members: oceanographer Pyotr Shirshov, meteorologist Yevgeny Fyodorov, radio operator Ernst Krenkel, and the leader Ivan Papanin conducted scientific research at the station for the next nine months. By 19 February 1938, when the group was picked up by the ice breakers "Taimyr" and "Murman", their station had drifted 2850 km

title: Road to the North Pole

text: the musical segments, and the portrayal of the North Pole, writing that "the way the episode kept piling more and more ridiculous horrors on top of each other kept the whole thing funny." He rated the episode an "A-". Jason Hughes of TV Squad also praised the songs and the depiction of Santa's factory, though he found the delivery of the episode's message "heavy-handed." Kate Moon of "TV Fanatic" gave the episode 3.6 out of 5 stars. She said, "I had mixed feelings about this one, despite its clever moments and hopeful ending. While I normally have no problems about

title: North Pole, Alaska

text: subdivided it, and renamed it North Pole, in hopes of attracting a toy manufacturer to the area. The City of North Pole was incorporated on January 15, 1953 from portions of the Davis homestead and the adjacent homestead of James Ford. Ford was named the first mayor, with Everett Dahl serving on the first city council. Another member of that first council was Conrad B. Miller. Miller, who came to Fairbanks in 1949, opened a trading post along the highway in 1952. The business became known as the Santa Claus House, and has evolved over the years into the current

title: The Purchase of the North Pole

text: was not discovered early enough. The cannon he designed was indeed far too small: a trillion of them would have had to be fired to achieve the intended effect. Riduculed by the whole world and bearing the bitter resentment of his two associates, J. T. Maston went back into retirement vowing to never again make any mathematical calculations. But Ms. Scorbitt finally declared her feelings, and he gladly surrendered to marriage. Alcide gains worldwide recognition by revealing the cause of the failure of the operation to the public. The Purchase of the North Pole The Purchase of the North Pole

title: North Pole Marathon

text: North Pole Marathon The North Pole Marathon is run over the classic 42.195 km (26.2 miles) marathon distance at the North Pole. The race is run on small, 4.22 km (2.62-mile) loop about 10 times over hard snow or the frozen ice of the Arctic Ocean. There are individual competitions with male and female divisions, and a team competition for teams of three or more. There is also an option to run a half marathon. The North Pole Marathon has been recognized by Guinness World Records as the "Northernmost Marathon on Earth". The first unofficial North Pole Marathon was a

title: North Pole

text: on a runway prepared on the ice) or by icebreaker have become relatively routine, and are even available to small groups of tourists through adventure holiday companies. Parachute jumps have frequently been made onto the North Pole in recent years. The temporary seasonal Russian camp of Barneo has been established by air a short distance from the Pole annually since 2002, and caters for scientific researchers as well as tourist parties. Trips from the camp to the Pole itself may be arranged overland or by helicopter. The first attempt at underwater exploration of the North Pole was made on 22

title: Emperor of the North Pole

text: title "Emperor of the North". The Region 2 version was available under general release in the UK from September 3, 2007, under the same title. Emperor of the North Pole Emperor of the North Pole is a 1973 American DeLuxe Color film directed by Robert Aldrich, starring Lee Marvin, Ernest Borgnine, and Keith Carradine. It was later re-released on home media (and is more widely known) under the shorter title Emperor of the North, ostensibly chosen by studio executives to avoid being confused as a heartwarming holiday story. This original title is an homage to the historic joke among Great

title: North Pole-2

text: USSR. In particular, the station investigated the possibility of creation such a base on floating ice with the support of cargo planes. North Pole-2 North Pole-2 () was the Soviet manned drifting station. It was established on April 2, 1950 and drifted for about a year between the Bering Strait and the North Pole. It was closed on April 11, 1951, after the piece of ice it was based on broke into two. The commander of the station was Mikhail Somov, who was made the Hero of the Soviet Union for his role in the expedition. North Pole-2 became the

title: North Pole

text: North Pole The North Pole, also known as the Geographic North Pole or Terrestrial North Pole, is (subject to the caveats explained below) defined as the point in the Northern Hemisphere where the Earth's axis of rotation meets its surface. The North Pole is the northernmost point on the Earth, lying diametrically opposite the South Pole. It defines geodetic latitude 90° North, as well as the direction of true north. At the North Pole all directions point south; all lines of longitude converge there, so its longitude can be defined as any degree value. Along tight latitude circles, counterclockwise is

title: North Pole-1

text: off the station close to the eastern coast of Greenland. They arrived in Leningrad on 15 March on board the icebreaker "Yermak". The expedition members, hydrobiologist Pyotr Shirshov, geophysicist Yevgeny Fyodorov, radioman Ernst Krenkel, and the commander Ivan Papanin, were awarded the Hero of the Soviet Union title. North Pole-1 North Pole-1 () was the first Soviet manned drifting station in the Arctic Ocean, primarily used for research. North Pole-1 was established on 21 May 1937 and officially opened on 6 June, some from the North Pole by the expedition into the high latitudes Sever-1, led by Otto Schmidt. The

title: North Pole

text: Vladimir Obikhod, Alexey Shkrabkin, Sergey Larin, Alexey Ushakov and Nikolay Nikulshin reached the North Pole on two custom-built 6 x 6 low-pressure-tire ATVs — Yemelya-1 and Yemelya-2, designed by Vasily Elagin, a known Russian mountain climber, explorer and engineer. The vehicles reached the North Pole on 26 April 2009, 17:30 (Moscow time). The expedition was partly supported by Russian State Aviation. The Russian Book of Records recognized it as the first successful vehicle trip from land to the Geographical North Pole. On 1 March 2013 the Russian Marine Live-Ice Automobile Expedition (MLAE 2013) with Vasily Elagin as a leader, and

title: Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea

text: the Atlantic via the North Pole. On August 3, 1958, she became the first ship to reach the North Pole. For this accomplishment, "Nautilus" and her crew were awarded the Presidential Unit Citation, the first Presidential Unit Citation awarded in peacetime. The citation began with the words, "For outstanding achievement in completing the first voyage in history across the top of the world, by cruising under the Arctic ice cap from the Bering Strait to the Greenland Sea." "Nautilus 90 North" (1959, with Clay Blair) was the first book Anderson wrote about the Arctic missions of USS "Nautilus". It was

title: North Pole-1

text: North Pole-1 North Pole-1 () was the first Soviet manned drifting station in the Arctic Ocean, primarily used for research. North Pole-1 was established on 21 May 1937 and officially opened on 6 June, some from the North Pole by the expedition into the high latitudes Sever-1, led by Otto Schmidt. The expedition had been airlifted by aviation units under the command of Mark Shevelev. "NP-1" operated for 9 months, during which the ice floe travelled . The commander of the station was Ivan Papanin. On 19 February 1938 the Soviet ice breakers "Taimyr" and "Murman" took four polar explorers

title: North Pole

text: ascent, like Dante's climbing of the Mountain of Purgatory, represents the pilgrim's progress through spiritual states. In Iranian theosophy, the heavenly Pole, the focal point of the spiritual ascent, acts as a magnet to draw beings to its "palaces ablaze with immaterial matter." North Pole The North Pole, also known as the Geographic North Pole or Terrestrial North Pole, is (subject to the caveats explained below) defined as the point in the Northern Hemisphere where the Earth's axis of rotation meets its surface. The North Pole is the northernmost point on the Earth, lying diametrically opposite the South Pole. It

title: North Pole

text: not been relinquished, but was not consistently pressed until 2013. In some children's Western cultures, the geographic North Pole is described as the location of Santa Claus' workshop and residence, although the depictions have been inconsistent between the geographic and magnetic North Pole. Canada Post has assigned postal code H0H 0H0 to the North Pole (referring to Santa's traditional exclamation of "Ho ho ho!"). This association reflects an age-old esoteric mythology of Hyperborea that posits the North Pole, the otherworldly world-axis, as the abode of God and superhuman beings. The popular figure of the pole-dwelling Santa Claus thus functions as

title: Freddy Goes to the North Pole

text: Soon, however, Freddy and Jinx, the cat, were sick and tired of conducting the tours. Freddy suggested a trip to the North Pole. So they and four other animals set off. A year passed, and the animals left began to worry. A mob formed in the barnyard triggered by a speech by Charles, the rooster. Then, Ferdinand, a crow from the expedition, came back and organized a rescue party. He said they had gone on a ship and crew were planning to eat Freddy. The sailors had said that they might try going to Santa Claus’ house. Later, in the

title: North Pole Marathon

text: 'solo' run by Richard Donovan on April 5, 2002 in a time of 3:48:12. Richard won the first South Pole Marathon ten weeks previously and became the first marathoner at both poles by completing the North Pole Marathon. The first official exploratory competitive race held on April 17, 2003, and was operated jointly by several entities with 10 competitors. The winner was Martin Tighe (GBR) with a time of 5:02:10 in temperatures of −29 °C and difficult snow conditions throughout much of the course. In 2005, the North Pole Marathon was cancelled due to a dispute between French and Russian

title: Emperor of the North Pole

text: rapidly arrives back in the train shed, Shack is in the process of strangling Cigaret for daring to claim he has ridden Shack's train. Forgotten by the yard workers in their excitement over whether A-No.-1 will succeed, Cigaret quietly slips out unnoticed. The other hobos agree that the first who can successfully ride Shack's train will have earned the title "Emperor of the North Pole." Railroad workers place bets whether A-No.-1 can do it, spreading the news up and down the line by telephone and telegraph, Shack being widely known and disliked. The next morning is foggy. One of the

title: Old Pulteney Row To The Pole

text: into the bay by storms. At this point the boat's unique design as a sledge-boat enabled them to haul the boat from the water and manually pull it across the ice on the final 2–3 miles to the Pole. This boat-hauling exercise took the crew 10 hours to complete. They arrived at the Pole position on 26 August 2011. Jock Wishart announced the success saying "There is now a row boat at the '96 Mag. North Pole". On BBC Radio 4's Today programme as "an incredible journey that will go down in the history books. It's a true global first

title: North Pole

text: North Pole. His feat, undertaken to highlight the effects of global warming, took place in clear water that had opened up between the ice floes. His later attempt to paddle a kayak to the North Pole in late 2008, following the erroneous prediction of clear water to the Pole, was stymied when his expedition found itself stuck in thick ice after only three days. The expedition was then abandoned. By September 2007 the North Pole had been visited 66 times by different surface ships: 54 times by Soviet and Russian icebreakers, 4 times by Swedish "Oden", 3 times by German

title: North Pole

text: east and clockwise is west. The North Pole is at the center of the Northern Hemisphere. While the South Pole lies on a continental land mass, the North Pole is located in the middle of the Arctic Ocean amid waters that are almost permanently covered with constantly shifting sea ice. This makes it impractical to construct a permanent station at the North Pole (unlike the South Pole). However, the Soviet Union, and later Russia, constructed a number of manned drifting stations on a generally annual basis since 1937, some of which have passed over or very close to the Pole.

title: North Pole

text: trek from Ellesmere Island in Canada, a distance of 800 km. On 7 September 1991 the German research vessel "Polarstern" and the Swedish icebreaker "Oden" reached the North Pole as the first conventional powered vessels. Both scientific parties and crew took oceanographic and geological samples and had a common tug of war and a football game on an ice floe. Polarstern again reached the pole exactly 10 years later with the "Healy". In 1998, 1999, and 2000 Lada Niva Marshs (special very large wheeled versions made by BRONTO, Lada/Vaz's experimental product division) were driven to the North Pole. The 1998

title: North Pole

text: 80°15N, 097°27E) and the Canadian coast (Ward Hant Island, 83°08N, 075°59W) took 55 days; it was ~2300 km across drifting ice and about 4000 km in total. The expedition was totally self-dependent and used no external supplies. The expedition was supported by the Russian Geographical Society. The sun at the North Pole is continuously above the horizon during the summer and continuously below the horizon during the winter. Sunrise is just before the March equinox (around 20 March); the sun then takes three months to reach its highest point of near 23½° elevation at the summer solstice (around 21 June),

title: North Pole

text: Open Polar Sea. It was therefore hoped that passage could be found through ice floes at favorable times of the year. Several expeditions set out to find the way, generally with whaling ships, already commonly used in the cold northern latitudes. One of the earliest expeditions to set out with the explicit intention of reaching the North Pole was that of British naval officer William Edward Parry, who in 1827 reached latitude 82°45′ North. In 1871 the Polaris expedition, a US attempt on the Pole led by Charles Francis Hall, ended in disaster. Another British Royal Navy attempt on the

title: North Pole

text: expedition was dropped by parachute and completed the track to the North Pole. The 2000 expedition departed from a Russian research base around 114 km from the Pole and claimed an average speed of 20–15 km/h in an average temperature of −30 °C. Commercial airliner flights on the Polar routes may pass within viewing distance of the North Pole. For example, the flight from Chicago to Beijing may come close as latitude 89° N, though because of prevailing winds return journeys go over the Bering Strait. In recent years journeys to the North Pole by air (landing by helicopter or

title: Three Poles Challenge

text: Three Poles Challenge The Three Poles is an adventurer’s challenge to reach the North Pole, the South Pole, and the summit of Mount Everest. The first person to reach all three locations was Edmund Hillary. He reached the top of Everest in May 1953, the South Pole in January 1958 and made it to the North Pole in company with Neil Armstrong in April 1985. His son Peter Hillary has also reached all three. Hillary flew to the North Pole. The first person to reach all three locations on foot was Erling Kagge. He had reached all three by May

title: Three Poles Challenge

text: Three Poles Challenge in 2016, beating a record set by Leigh Wang in May 2010. Three Poles Challenge The Three Poles is an adventurer’s challenge to reach the North Pole, the South Pole, and the summit of Mount Everest. The first person to reach all three locations was Edmund Hillary. He reached the top of Everest in May 1953, the South Pole in January 1958 and made it to the North Pole in company with Neil Armstrong in April 1985. His son Peter Hillary has also reached all three. Hillary flew to the North Pole. The first person to reach

title: Elf Bowling the Movie: The Great North Pole Elf Strike

text: Dingle's plan and saving Christmas. A sequel to this movie called "Elf Bowling 2: The Great Pumpkin Heist" was to be released the following year (fall 2008), but was cancelled. "Elf Bowling the Movie: The Great North Pole Elf Strike" was widely panned by critics and audiences. Elf Bowling the Movie: The Great North Pole Elf Strike Elf Bowling the Movie: The Great North Pole Elf Strike is a 2007 American computer animated film based on the game "Elf Bowling". The film was outsourced in South Korea for its animation department and visual effects and it was directed by Dave

title: Pole to Pole

text: was to follow the 30 degree east line of longitude, which would cover the most land. A last-minute diversion to Chile included South America in the series. Using aircraft as little as possible, the whole trip lasted 5½ months. The programme has been sold to many television stations around the world. It was also released on video tape and later on DVD. Following the trip Michael Palin wrote "Pole to Pole" describing the trip. The book contains many pictures from the trip, almost all taken by Basil Pao, the stills photographer on the team. Palin begins at the North Pole,

title: North Magnetic Pole

text: North Magnetic Pole The North Magnetic Pole is the wandering point on the surface of Earth's Northern Hemisphere at which the planet's magnetic field points vertically downwards (in other words, if a magnetic compass needle is allowed to rotate about a horizontal axis, it will point straight down). There is only one location where this occurs, near (but distinct from) the Geographic North Pole and the Geomagnetic North Pole. The North Magnetic Pole moves over time due to magnetic changes in the Earth's core. In 2001, it was determined by the Geological Survey of Canada to lie west of Ellesmere

title: Old Pulteney Row To The Pole

text: Old Pulteney Row To The Pole The Old Pulteney Row To The Pole was a publicity stunt sponsored by a whisky distiller for naming rights, which navigated a rowing boat to the North Magnetic Pole at 78°35.7N 104°11.9W, the position certified in 1996. It is believed to be the only polar expedition to feature rowing boats since the crew of Sir Ernest Shackleton's row to Elephant Island off South Georgia in 1916, after his aborted attempt to cross Antarctica. The 450-mile journey took almost four weeks. The expedition set out from Resolute Bay on 28 July 2011, reaching the Pole

title: The Purchase of the North Pole

text: year of 189-, an international auction is organized to define the sovereign rights to the part of the Arctic extending from the 84th parallel, the highest yet reached by man, to the North Pole. Several countries send their official delegates, but the auction is won by a representative from an anonymous United States buyer. After the auction closes, the mysterious buyer is revealed to be Barbicane and Co., a company founded by Impey Barbicane, J.T. Maston and Captain Nicholl — the same members of the Baltimore Gun Club who, twenty years earlier, had traveled around the Moon inside a large

title: Lunar north pole

text: to achieve the objectives and win the GLXP prize. Lunar north pole The lunar north pole is the point in the Northern Hemisphere of the Moon where the lunar axis of rotation meets its surface. The lunar north pole is the northernmost point on the Moon, lying diametrically opposite the lunar south pole. It defines latitude 90° North. At the lunar north pole all directions point south; all lines of longitude converge there, so its longitude can be defined as any degree value. Notable craters in the lunar north polar region (between 60° North latitude and the North pole) include:

title: Lunar north pole

text: Lunar north pole The lunar north pole is the point in the Northern Hemisphere of the Moon where the lunar axis of rotation meets its surface. The lunar north pole is the northernmost point on the Moon, lying diametrically opposite the lunar south pole. It defines latitude 90° North. At the lunar north pole all directions point south; all lines of longitude converge there, so its longitude can be defined as any degree value. Notable craters in the lunar north polar region (between 60° North latitude and the North pole) include: Avogadro, Bel'kovich, Brianchon, Emden, Gamow, Goldschmidt, Hermite, J. Herschel,

title: North Pole

text: the Pole, and Arctic foxes have been observed less than away at 89°40′ N. Birds seen at or very near the Pole include the snow bunting, northern fulmar and black-legged kittiwake, though some bird sightings may be distorted by the tendency of birds to follow ships and expeditions. Fish have been seen in the waters at the North Pole, but these are probably few in number. A member of the Russian team that descended to the North Pole seabed in August 2007 reported seeing no sea creatures living there. However, it was later reported that a sea anemone had been

title: North Magnetic Pole

text: The Earth's North and South Magnetic Poles are also known as Magnetic Dip Poles, with reference to the vertical "dip" of the magnetic field lines at those points. All magnets have two poles, where the lines of magnetic flux enter and emerge. By analogy with the Earth's magnetic field, these are called the magnet's "north" and "south" poles. The convention in early compasses was to call the end of the needle pointing to the Earth's North Magnetic Pole the "north pole" (or "north-seeking pole") and the other end the "south pole" (the names are often abbreviated to "N" and "S").

title: North Pole, Alaska

text: received 57.3% of North Pole's vote in his failed bid against incumbent Lisa Murkowski's write-in campaign. The city is located in the Fairbanks North Star Borough School District. North Pole Elementary School, North Pole Middle School and North Pole High School are located in city limits. The middle and high schools also share an attendance area with students from Badger Road Elementary, Ticasuk Brown Elementary and Two Rivers Elementary. North Pole, Alaska North Pole is a small city in the Fairbanks North Star Borough, Alaska, United States. It is part of the Fairbanks, Alaska metropolitan statistical area. As of the

title: Pole to Pole (book)

text: read by Michael Palin. The audio book is available in abridged and unabridged versions. Basil Pao produced an accompaniment called "Pole to Pole - The Photographs". Pole to Pole (book) Pole to Pole is a book written by Michael Palin to accompany his BBC television series "Pole to Pole". The book follows each of his seven trips made for the BBC, consisting of both his text and of many photographs to illustrate the trip. Most of the pictures in this book were taken by Basil Pao, the stills photographer who was part of the expedition team. The book chronicles the

title: North Pole

text: of reasoning fails at the North Pole, where the sun rises and sets only once per year, and all lines of longitude, and hence all time zones, converge. There is no permanent human presence at the North Pole and no particular time zone has been assigned. Polar expeditions may use any time zone that is convenient, such as Greenwich Mean Time, or the time zone of the country from which they departed. The North Pole is substantially warmer than the South Pole because it lies at sea level in the middle of an ocean (which acts as a reservoir of

title: Pole to Pole (book)

text: Pole to Pole (book) Pole to Pole is a book written by Michael Palin to accompany his BBC television series "Pole to Pole". The book follows each of his seven trips made for the BBC, consisting of both his text and of many photographs to illustrate the trip. Most of the pictures in this book were taken by Basil Pao, the stills photographer who was part of the expedition team. The book chronicles the journey in five chapters: The demonstration of the Coriolis effect in Kenya was, apparently, a clever hoax. This book was made available as an audio book,

title: North Pole

text: North Pole (or South Pole) when metre-scale precision is required. It is desirable to tie the system of Earth coordinates (latitude, longitude, and elevations or orography) to fixed landforms. Of course, given plate tectonics and isostasy, there is no system in which all geographic features are fixed. Yet the International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service and the International Astronomical Union have defined a framework called the International Terrestrial Reference System. As early as the 16th century, many prominent people correctly believed that the North Pole was in a sea, which in the 19th century was called the Polynya or

title: North Pole

text: Neil Armstrong (the first man to stand on the moon) landed at the North Pole in a small twin-engined ski plane. Hillary thus became the first man to stand at both poles and on the summit of Everest. In 1986 Will Steger, with seven teammates, became the first to be confirmed as reaching the Pole by dogsled and without resupply. USS "Gurnard" (SSN-662) operated in the Arctic Ocean under the polar ice cap from September to November 1984 in company with one of her sister ships, the attack submarine USS "Pintado" (SSN-672). On 12 November 1984 "Gurnard" and "Pintado" became

title: North Pole depot

text: North Pole depot North Pole Train Maintenance Centre is a train maintenance site in the London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham Kensal Green West London partially redeveloped by Hitachi Rail Europe from 2013 as a maintenance site for Intercity Express Programme trains or Intercity Express Trains. The depot was formerly known as North Pole International, used by Eurostar as the London depot for their fleet of British Rail Class 373 trains from 1994 until 2007 during the period when Eurostar trains ran from Waterloo International railway station. North Pole depot is located at two sites on either side of the

title: Ukraine - North Pole - 2000

text: AN-28 ski-chassis was successfully tested on the expedition. Ukraine - North Pole - 2000 Ukraine - North Pole - 2000 is a Ukraine parachute expedition to the North Pole in 2000. The expedition was a success. Members of Ukraine National Parachute Team took part in it. Five aircraft units were involved: An-28 -1; IL-76 -1; An-26 -1.; helicopters Mi -8-2. It consisted of two parts: a flight on the Kyiv-Khatanga-North Pole-Khatanga-Kyiv route and the landing of parachutists from the Il-76 aircraft on the drifting ice of the North Pole and the flight of the AN-28 aircraft on a similar route

title: Lake North Pole

text: Lake North Pole Lake North Pole, also known as The North Pool, is a small, shallow lake near the North Pole, and is currently the northernmost lake in the world. It came into existence in 2002, occurring each year, then freezing over in the winter. The lake, which is approximately one foot deep, is composed almost entirely of fresh water melted from the ice beneath. A web camera is stationed beside the lake to monitor changes. It was built by the Polar Science Center. On July 26, 2013, the depth was estimated to be approximately 40 cm. Members of the

title: Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station

text: visiting the Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station, Antarctica, as part of a tourist group, when he fell ill and was evacuated, first to McMurdo Station and from there to Christchurch, New Zealand, where he was reported to be in stable condition. Aldrin's visit at age 86 makes him the oldest person to ever reach the South Pole. In the summer of 2016–17 Anthony Bourdain filmed part of an episode of his television show "" at the station. Science and life at the Amundsen-Scott South Pole station is documented in Dr. John Bird’s award-winning book, "One Day, One Night: Portraits of the

title: Ukraine - North Pole - 2000

text: Ukraine - North Pole - 2000 Ukraine - North Pole - 2000 is a Ukraine parachute expedition to the North Pole in 2000. The expedition was a success. Members of Ukraine National Parachute Team took part in it. Five aircraft units were involved: An-28 -1; IL-76 -1; An-26 -1.; helicopters Mi -8-2. It consisted of two parts: a flight on the Kyiv-Khatanga-North Pole-Khatanga-Kyiv route and the landing of parachutists from the Il-76 aircraft on the drifting ice of the North Pole and the flight of the AN-28 aircraft on a similar route with a landing on the same iceberg. The

title: Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station

text: operational season from October to February. In recent years the winter-time population has been around 50 people. The Amundsen–Scott South Pole Scientific Station is the southernmost habitation on Earth. It is continuously inhabited. Its name honors Roald Amundsen, whose Norwegian expedition reached the Geographic South Pole in December 1911, and Robert F. Scott, whose British expedition of five men reached the South Pole about one month later (in January 1912) in a race to become the first person ever to reach the South Pole. All of Scott's expedition perished during the journey back towards the coast, while all of Amundsen's

title: North Pole Marathon

text: - a wheelchair competitor - completed a marathon distance on the aircraft runway. North Pole Marathon The North Pole Marathon is run over the classic 42.195 km (26.2 miles) marathon distance at the North Pole. The race is run on small, 4.22 km (2.62-mile) loop about 10 times over hard snow or the frozen ice of the Arctic Ocean. There are individual competitions with male and female divisions, and a team competition for teams of three or more. There is also an option to run a half marathon. The North Pole Marathon has been recognized by Guinness World Records as

title: North Pole-36

text: a piece of sea ice that was approximately across. At the moment of disembarkation the station was in so-called to "the Hollow of submariners" between Wrangel island and the North Pole. The vessel "Akademik Fyodorov" carried out the delivery of the expedition to the ice. The station was removed with the nuclear icebreaker NS "Yamal" in the Arctic ocean at the end of August 2009. The evacuation of the station from the drifting ice floe took three days of continuous work. The chief of high-latitude arctic expeditions Vladimir Sokolov supervised the work. North Pole-36 North Pole-36 ("") was the 36th

title: Amundsen's South Pole expedition

text: South Pole Station, to honour the memories of both polar pioneers. In a paper published 100 years after the Amundsen expedition, researchers claimed that the tent and flags are buried under of ice and about a minute of latitude north of the South Pole, or about one nautical mile. Scott's party was the last to see the tent, which they found on 18 January 1912. Henry Robertson Bowers took a photo of the tent, but died returning from the Pole. Notes References Amundsen's South Pole expedition The first expedition to reach the geographic South Pole was led by the Norwegian

title: North Pole, Alaska

text: limits with North Pole city limits, and in the nearby census-designated place of Moose Creek. Despite the name, the city is about south of Earth's geographic North Pole and south of the Arctic Circle. The city is a summertime attraction for tourists visiting nearby Fairbanks and, due to its location on the Richardson Highway, those traveling to and from the Alaska Highway and Valdez. North Pole was home to two oil refineries, the town's major industry aside from tourism, but closed because of sulofane contamination in ground water. The larger refinery, operated by Flint Hills Resources, was a major source

title: North Pole

text: Since 2002, the Russians have also annually established a base, Barneo, close to the Pole. This operates for a few weeks during early spring. Studies in the 2000s predicted that the North Pole may become seasonally ice-free because of Arctic ice shrinkage, with timescales varying from 2016 to the late 21st century or later. The sea depth at the North Pole has been measured at by the Russian Mir submersible in 2007 and at 4,087 m (13,410 ft) by USS "Nautilus" in 1958. The nearest land is usually said to be Kaffeklubben Island, off the northern coast of Greenland about

title: Pole star

text: takes about 25,770 years to complete a cycle. Polaris' mean position (taking account of precession and proper motion) will reach a maximum declination of +89°32'23", which translates to 1657" (or 0.4603°) from the celestial north pole, in February 2102. Its maximum apparent declination (taking account of nutation and aberration) will be +89°32'50.62", which is 1629" (or 0.4526°) from the celestial north pole, on 24 March 2100. Precession will next point the north celestial pole at stars in the northern constellation Cepheus. The pole will drift to space equidistant between Polaris and Gamma Cephei ("Errai") by 3000 AD, with Errai reaching

title: The Reach Foundation

text: The Reach Foundation The Reach Foundation (Reach) is a youth Not-for-profit organisation established by AFL Brownlow Medalist and 2010 Melbournian of the Year Jim Stynes OAM and film director Paul Currie in 1994. Reach was created from a desire to inspire every young person to believe in themselves and get the most out of life. Reach runs national school and community-based programs for young people aged 10 to 18 designed to promote their mental health and wellbeing. Programs are run by the young Reach "Crew" in over 500 metropolitan and regional schools and communities across Australia. The main focus is

title: Reach for the Sun

text: album would be titled "Reach for the Sun". In March and April, the band went on tour with Racing Kites, Sparks the Rescue and This Time Next Year. The first single from the album was "Where I Want to Be", which was released to iTunes on April 14, 2009. The album was released on May 5 through Hopeless Records. In June, the band went on a US tour with Ace Enders and Person L. In October and November, the group went on a US tour alongside Straylight Run, Brian Bonz and Dave Melillo. Bonus tracks Reach for the Sun Reach

title: Pole to Pole

text: being unable to reach Antarctica via the "Agulhas", all is not lost for Palin. A travel adventure company is able to take Palin to the South Pole from their base in Chile. This means Palin must abandon the 30 degrees east meridian. Travelling by aeroplane from Cape Town to Santiago via Rio de Janeiro, he listens to an unusual rendition of "Happy Birthday to You" from the Presidential Palace where the infamous 1973 coup took place. After having lunch at a fish market with his guide while listening to a panflute player, he is off to Punta Arenas in southern