query: What is the North Korean national anthem?

title: National anthem of the Korean Empire

text: National anthem of the Korean Empire The "Patriotic Hymn of the Great Korean Empire" (; ) was the national anthem of the Korean Empire, used during the early 20th century. It was the first national anthem of a unified Korean state. The national anthem was first commissioned by Emperor Gojong in 1901 and presented to the Korean court on 1 July 1902, by German composer Franz Eckert, who was the director of the Korean Empire's military band at the time. It was published in Germany in five different languages (Korean, German, English, Chinese, and French) and performed for the first

title: National anthem of the Korean Empire

text: president Roh Moo-hyun during his visit to Hawaii. The republican lyrics are: While the copy appearing in the source appears markedly newer than the 1900s and calls it the "Korean national anthem" () instead of "Patriotic song of the Korean Empire" () as one would expect from a 1900s original, it clearly shows pre-1933 orthography (reproduced here) that was not used after the 1940s. National anthem of the Korean Empire The "Patriotic Hymn of the Great Korean Empire" (; ) was the national anthem of the Korean Empire, used during the early 20th century. It was the first national anthem

title: National symbols of North Korea

text: and texts. The colors of the North Korean flag – red, white and blue – are considered national colors and symbolize respectively: revolutionary traditions; purity, strength, and dignity; and sovereignty, peace, and friendship. The national anthem is "Aegukka" (), written by Pak Se-yong and composed by Kim Won-gyun in 1946. Musically, it is similar to South Korea's national anthem, spelled "Aegukga". In addition to "Aegukka", the "Song of General Kim Il-sung and "Song of General Kim Jong-il" play an equally important role. The folk song "Arirang" is known as the "unofficial national anthem of Korea". North and South Korea have

title: Paraguayan National Anthem

text: 1846. It still remains unclear who was responsible for the creation of the music. Some sources claim that Frenchman Francisco Sauvageot de Dupuis was the composer, while others claim it to be the work of the Hungarian-born Francisco José Debali (Debály Ferenc József), who composed the melody of the Uruguayan national anthem. What it is known for sure is that it was the Paraguayan composer Remberto Giménez who in 1933 arranged and developed the version of the national anthem which remains in use by Paraguay today. Though the national anthem has many verses, usually only the first verse followed by

title: Thai National Anthem

text: anthem is broadcast by both radio and television channels twice per day. Thai National Anthem The Thai National Anthem () is the title of Thailand's national anthem which was adopted on 10 December 1939. The melody was composed by Phra Chenduriyang (Peter Veit) and the words are by Luang Saranupraphan. "Phleng Chat" (), literally meaning "national anthem", is a general term for a national anthem. The anthem is also used to refer to this specific song. Before 1932, Sansoen Phra Barami (the Royal Anthem) was used as the national anthem of Siam. The anthem was composed a few days after

title: Thai National Anthem

text: Thai National Anthem The Thai National Anthem () is the title of Thailand's national anthem which was adopted on 10 December 1939. The melody was composed by Phra Chenduriyang (Peter Veit) and the words are by Luang Saranupraphan. "Phleng Chat" (), literally meaning "national anthem", is a general term for a national anthem. The anthem is also used to refer to this specific song. Before 1932, Sansoen Phra Barami (the Royal Anthem) was used as the national anthem of Siam. The anthem was composed a few days after the revolution of 1932 in the tune vaguely similar to the national

title: National anthem

text: to have a national anthem – "Rise up, Serbia!" – in 1804. "Ee Mungu Nguvu Yetu", the national anthem of Kenya, is one of the first national anthems to be specifically commissioned. It was written by the Kenyan Anthem Commission in 1963 to serve as the anthem after independence from the United Kingdom. The Welsh National anthem "Hen Wlad Fy Nhadau" was the first such to be sung at an international sporting event when it was sung in a Rugby game against New Zealand in Llanelli. This was done to counter the famous New Zealand haka. National anthems are used

title: National anthem

text: of a national anthem outside of its country, however, is dependent on the international recognition of that country. For instance, Taiwan has not been recognized by the Olympics as a separate nation since 1979 and must compete as Chinese Taipei; its National Banner Song is used instead of its national anthem. In Taiwan, the country's national anthem is sung before instead of during flag-rising and flag-lowering, followed by the National Banner Song during the actual flag-rising and flag-lowering. Even within a state, the state's citizenry may interpret the national anthem differently (such as in the United States some view the

title: National Anthem Bill

text: term only a "label". She also insisted the proposed bill only targets people who deliberately insult the national anthem and the residents not to worry about it. National Anthem Bill The National Anthem Bill is a proposed law of Hong Kong to preserve the dignity of the "March of the Volunteers", national anthem of the People's Republic of China, so that the Hong Kong resident would respect the national anthem. It is proposed to implement the Law of the People’s Republic of China on the National Anthem (the National Anthem Law) by local legislation. The Hong Kong-Central Government relations grew

title: National anthem of Russia

text: argued that "The Internationale", which was historically associated with the Comintern, should be replaced as the National Anthem of the Soviet Union. Alexandrov's music was chosen as the new anthem by the Soviet leader Joseph Stalin after a contest in 1943. Stalin praised the song for fulfilling what a national anthem should be, though he criticized the song's orchestration. In response, Alexandrov blamed the problems on Viktor Knushevitsky, who was responsible for orchestrating the entries for the final contest rounds. When writing the Bolshevik party anthem, Alexandrov incorporated pieces from the song "Life Has Become Better" (), a musical comedy

title: National Anthem Bill

text: National Anthem Bill The National Anthem Bill is a proposed law of Hong Kong to preserve the dignity of the "March of the Volunteers", national anthem of the People's Republic of China, so that the Hong Kong resident would respect the national anthem. It is proposed to implement the Law of the People’s Republic of China on the National Anthem (the National Anthem Law) by local legislation. The Hong Kong-Central Government relations grew tenser following the 2014 Hong Kong protests in which the protest moved from the street to football field. Since 2015, Hong Kong has seen a rise in

title: The National Anthem (film)

text: The National Anthem (film) The National Anthem or Guoge (Chinese: 国歌) is a 1999 Chinese historical drama centered on the composition of "The March of the Volunteers", the theme song to the 1935 drama "Children of Troubled Times" which was later adopted as the national anthem of the People's Republic of China. The lyrics were composed by poet and playwright Tian Han (played by He Zhengjun) and set to music by the composer Nie Er (played by Chen Kun in his first role). The film is noteworthy for being told from the point of view of Tian, who fell from

title: National anthem

text: radio and television stations have adopted this and play the national anthem when they sign on in the morning and again when they sign off at night. For instance, the national anthem of China is played before the broadcast of evening news on Hong Kong's local television stations including TVB Jade and ATV Home. In Colombia, it is a law to play the National Anthem at 6:00 and 18:00 on every public radio and television station, while in Thailand, "Phleng Chat" is played at 08:00 and 18:00 nationwide (the Royal Anthem is used for sign-ons and closedowns instead). The use

title: The National Anthem (Radiohead song)

text: A "marvellously squalling version" by the University of Arizona marching band was praised in the "Guardian". Lupe Fiasco has used a sample of the song on the mixtape "Enemy of the State: A Love Story" in the song "The National Anthem". The National Anthem (Radiohead song) "The National Anthem" is a song by the English rock band Radiohead released on their fourth studio album, "Kid A" (2000). The song is moored to a repetitive bassline, and develops in a direction influenced by jazz. It received polarised reviews from critics. Radiohead singer Thom Yorke wrote the "National Anthem" bassline when he

title: National Anthem of the Republic of China

text: National Anthem of the Republic of China The "National Anthem of the Republic of China" is the national anthem of the Republic of China (ROC), commonly known as Taiwan. It was originally adopted in 1937 by the ROC as its national anthem and was used as such until the late 1940s. It replaced the "Song to the Auspicious Cloud", which had been used as the Chinese national anthem before. In mainland China, this national anthem serves a historical role as the current national anthem of the People's Republic of China is the "March of the Volunteers". The national anthem was

title: The National Anthem (film)

text: at the Huabiao Awards. It also won a special prize from the Golden Rooster Awards and best picture at the Hundred Flowers Awards. The National Anthem (film) The National Anthem or Guoge (Chinese: 国歌) is a 1999 Chinese historical drama centered on the composition of "The March of the Volunteers", the theme song to the 1935 drama "Children of Troubled Times" which was later adopted as the national anthem of the People's Republic of China. The lyrics were composed by poet and playwright Tian Han (played by He Zhengjun) and set to music by the composer Nie Er (played by

title: National Anthem of the Sakha Republic

text: National Anthem of the Sakha Republic The State Anthem of the Sakha Republic (; ) or National Anthem of Yakutia is the regional anthem of the Sakha Republic, a federal subject of Russia. The national anthem is one of the official symbols of the Sakha Republic, alongside with the flag and the coat of arms of the Sakha Republic. It was originally written in the Sakha language by Savva Tarasov and Mikhail Timofeyev. The anthem was translated into Russian by Vladimir Fedorov. The music was composed by Kirill Gerasimov. The anthem was officially adopted on 15 July 2004. The anthem's

title: Paraguayan National Anthem

text: the chorus are sung on most occasions. Due to the song's length, the wordless introductory section and the latter half of the first verse are often omitted for brevity when the national anthem is played before a sporting event such as a soccer game. Paraguayan National Anthem The "Paraguayan National Anthem" (), also known alternatively by its chorus's incipit "Paraguayans, Republic or Death" (), is the national anthem of Paraguay. The lyrics were written by Francisco Acuña de Figueroa (who also wrote Orientales, la Patria o la tumba, the national anthem of Uruguay) under the presidency of Carlos Antonio López,

title: National anthem

text: become the official Dutch national anthem until 1932. The Japanese national anthem, "Kimigayo", has the oldest lyrics, which were taken from a Heian period (794–1185) poem, yet it was not set to music until 1880. The Philippine national anthem "Lupang Hinirang" was composed in 1898 as wordless incidental music for the ceremony declaring independence from the Spanish Empire. The Spanish poem "Filipinas" was written the following year to serve as the anthem's lyrics; the current Tagalog version dates to 1962. "God Save the Queen", the national anthem of the United Kingdom and the royal anthem reserved for use in the

title: Lebanese National Anthem

text: Lebanese National Anthem The Lebanese National Anthem ( ) was written by Rashid Nakhle and composed by Wadih Sabra. It was adopted on 12 July 1927, seven years after the proclamation of the state of Greater Lebanon during the French mandate. The Lebanese national anthem was chosen following an open nationwide competition. The music of the national anthem is influenced by Beirut's exposure to western culture by the end of the 19th century, it was composed by French trained artist Wadih Sabra in 1925. Al-Jadeed TV channel showed a mini documentary on the Lebanese National Anthem, claiming the music to

title: Afghan National Anthem

text: Afghan National Anthem The "Afghan National Anthem" ( - "Milli Sorud"; - "Sorude Melli", literally "National anthem") was adopted and officially announced as such by a Loya Jirga in May 2006. According to article 20 of the Afghan constitution, the national anthem shall be in Pashto with the mention of "God is Greatest" as well as the names of the various tribes of Afghanistan. The lyrics were written by Abdul Bari Jahani and the music was written by German-Afghan composer . Afghanistan's first national anthem was adopted during its period as a monarchy. It was instrumental and had no lyrics.

title: National Anthem of the Udmurt Republic

text: played, and the order in which the anthem is played with respect to the National Anthem of Russia or those of other countries. National Anthem of the Udmurt Republic The National Anthem of the Udmurt Republic is one of the official state symbols of the Udmurt Republic, a member of the Russian Federation. The anthem's music was written by the brothers German and Alexander Korepanov. The lyrics were written by T. G. Vladikin (Udmurt version) and A. A. Sheptalin (Russian version). The use of the anthem in official settings is governed by Law of the Udmurt Republic of October 31,

title: Paraguayan National Anthem

text: Paraguayan National Anthem The "Paraguayan National Anthem" (), also known alternatively by its chorus's incipit "Paraguayans, Republic or Death" (), is the national anthem of Paraguay. The lyrics were written by Francisco Acuña de Figueroa (who also wrote Orientales, la Patria o la tumba, the national anthem of Uruguay) under the presidency of Carlos Antonio López, who at the time delegated Bernardo Jovellanos and Anastasio González to ask Figueroa to write the anthem (Jovellanos and González were commissioners of the Paraguayan government in Uruguay). The lyrics to the song were officially finished by Francisco Acuña de Figueroa on May 20,

title: National anthem

text: presence of the Monarch in some Commonwealth realms, was first performed in 1619 under the title "God Save the King". It is not officially the national anthem of the UK, though it became such through custom and usage. Spain's national anthem, the "Marcha Real" (The Royal March), written in 1761, was among the first to be adopted as such, in 1770. Denmark adopted the older of its two national anthems, "Kong Christian stod ved højen mast", in 1780; and "La Marseillaise", the French national anthem, was written in 1792 and adopted in 1795. Serbia became the first Eastern European nation

title: Argentine National Anthem

text: Argentine National Anthem The "Argentine National Anthem" () is the national anthem of Argentina. Its lyrics were written by the Buenos Aires-born politician Vicente López y Planes and the music was composed by the Spanish musician Blas Parera. The work was adopted as the sole official song on May 11, 1813, three years after the May Revolution; May 11 is therefore now Anthem Day in Argentina. Some first, quite different, anthems were composed from 1810; a version was then introduced in 1813 which was used throughout the nineteenth century. The present, much shorter, anthem comprises only the first and last

title: National Anthem of the Udmurt Republic

text: National Anthem of the Udmurt Republic The National Anthem of the Udmurt Republic is one of the official state symbols of the Udmurt Republic, a member of the Russian Federation. The anthem's music was written by the brothers German and Alexander Korepanov. The lyrics were written by T. G. Vladikin (Udmurt version) and A. A. Sheptalin (Russian version). The use of the anthem in official settings is governed by Law of the Udmurt Republic of October 31, 2002 N55-РЗ "On the National anthem of the Udmurt Republic". This governs the official situations in which the anthem must, or may, be

title: Argentine National Anthem

text: the enemy. The words strongly attacking Spain were no longer sung. Performance of the national anthem is mandatory during all official events, and Argentines in attendance are expected to stand up and sing it. Radio broadcasters voluntarily perform the anthem at midnight, while TV channels do so before closing down their daily broadcast. On national holidays, it is mandatory to perform the national anthem at midnight and noon. The national anthem is ruled in Argentine law by Decree 10302/1944. The rock musician Charly García broke legal regulations dealing with the reproduction of the song when he included an idiosyncratic cover

title: National Anthem of the Dominican Republic

text: twice and its derivative demonym, "quisqueyanos", is used once. However, research later shows that these words does not seem to derive from the original Arawak Taíno language. In public, the national anthem is usually performed through the end of the lyric's fourth paragraph. Also note that, no official translation of the Spanish lyrics into any other language, including English, has been enacted into law. National Anthem of the Dominican Republic The Dominican National Anthem is the national anthem of the Dominican Republic. Its music was composed by José Rufino Reyes Siancas (1835–1905), and its lyrics were authored by Emilio Prud’Homme

title: Tibetan National Anthem

text: Tibetan National Anthem The Tibetan national anthem (བོད་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཆེན་པོའི་རྒྱལ་གླུ།, "Bod Rgyal Khab Chen Po'i Rgyal Glu"), known as Gyallu, was written by Trijang Rinpoche in 1950. It is used by Tibetan Government in Exile but is strictly banned by the People's Republic of China, including in Tibetan areas. Tibet's first national anthem was, according to Tashi Tsering, written by a famous Tibetan scholar, during the epoch of the seventh Dalai Lama and under the reign of the Pholanas in between 1745-1746. Gyallu is the national anthem of the Tibetan exile government and focuses on the radiance of the Buddha. The words

title: Brazilian National Anthem

text: This law regulates in great detail the form of the national anthem and how and when it is to be played. The music of the national anthem was originally intended to be played by symphonic orchestras; for the playing of the anthem by bands, the march composed by Antão Fernandes is included in the instrumentation. This adaptation, long in use, was made official by the 1971 statute regulating national symbols. This same statute also confirmed as official the traditional vocal adaptation of the lyrics of the national anthem, in F major, composed by Alberto Nepomuceno. Due to the fact that

title: National anthem of the Transvaal

text: 1881. Possibly, this date accounts for the song's non-avoidance of the word Transvaal, which was the name of the state so strongly rejected in the uprising of 1880-81. The arrangement is by G G Cillie. National anthem of the Transvaal The national anthem of the Transvaal (Afrikaans and Dutch: "Volkslied van Transvaal", literally "People's song of Transvaal") was the national anthem of the independent Boer Republic called the South African Republic, also known as the Republic of the Transvaal. It is one of many South African flag songs. The words and music of the 'Transvaalse Volkslied' were written by the

title: The National Anthem (Radiohead song)

text: The National Anthem (Radiohead song) "The National Anthem" is a song by the English rock band Radiohead released on their fourth studio album, "Kid A" (2000). The song is moored to a repetitive bassline, and develops in a direction influenced by jazz. It received polarised reviews from critics. Radiohead singer Thom Yorke wrote the "National Anthem" bassline when he was 16, and played bass on the studio recording. In 1997, Radiohead recorded drums and bass for the song, intending to develop it as a B-side for their third album, "OK Computer"; however, they decided to save it for their next

title: Brazilian National Anthem

text: far greater artistic liberty has been allowed regarding renderings of the national anthem. Singer Fafá de Belém's interpretation of the national anthem (initially criticized during the final days of the Military Regime, but now widely accepted), is an example of that. In any event, although the use of different artistic arrangements for the anthem is now permitted (and although the statutory norms that prohibited such arrangements are no longer enforced, on the grounds of constitutional freedom of expression), a rendering of the national anthem is only considered fully official when the statutory norms regarding the vocal adaptation and orchestration are

title: National Anthem Project

text: National Anthem Project The National Anthem Project was a public awareness campaign launched in 2005 as a major initiative of . At the time of its launch, the National Anthem Project website declared "MENC is sponsoring The National Anthem Project to revive America's patriotism by educating Americans about the importance of The Star-Spangled Banner-both the flag and the song." Sponsored by MENC with major support from the Jeep brand, and other sponsors such as NAMM, Bank of America, and the Gibson Foundation, this campaign, which later used the slogan "to restore America's voice through music education" was MENC's most ambitious

title: National Anthem Project

text: in that it forwards the limited claims of nationalism to the exclusion of building international and local affiliations and identities. Rather, music teachers need to resist the claims of excessive nationalism in order to ensure that these other interests are also served" (p. 153). National Anthem Project The National Anthem Project was a public awareness campaign launched in 2005 as a major initiative of . At the time of its launch, the National Anthem Project website declared "MENC is sponsoring The National Anthem Project to revive America's patriotism by educating Americans about the importance of The Star-Spangled Banner-both the flag

title: Afghan National Anthem

text: was reintroduced by the new transitional government of Afghanistan in 2002; it remained such when the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan was established in 2004 and was used by the latter until 2006. Afghan National Anthem The "Afghan National Anthem" ( - "Milli Sorud"; - "Sorude Melli", literally "National anthem") was adopted and officially announced as such by a Loya Jirga in May 2006. According to article 20 of the Afghan constitution, the national anthem shall be in Pashto with the mention of "God is Greatest" as well as the names of the various tribes of Afghanistan. The lyrics were written

text: National Anthem of the Dominican Republic The Dominican National Anthem is the national anthem of the Dominican Republic. Its music was composed by José Rufino Reyes Siancas (1835–1905), and its lyrics were authored by Emilio Prud’Homme (1856–1932). The first public performance of the national anthem took place on 17 August 1883. Though the music was an instant success, several objections were made to the lyrics for having various historical inaccuracies. In 1897, Prud’Homme submitted revised lyrics which stand to this day. On 7 June 1897, the Congress of the Dominican Republic passed an act adopting "Himno Nacional" with the original

title: National anthem of the Transvaal

text: National anthem of the Transvaal The national anthem of the Transvaal (Afrikaans and Dutch: "Volkslied van Transvaal", literally "People's song of Transvaal") was the national anthem of the independent Boer Republic called the South African Republic, also known as the Republic of the Transvaal. It is one of many South African flag songs. The words and music of the 'Transvaalse Volkslied' were written by the Dutch poet Catharina F van Rees in 1875 - surprisingly it dates back to the period before the annexation of 1879, and the emotions seem to blend well with those of the victorious rebels of

title: Sami national anthem

text: the Norwegian Parliament (he was a deputy in 1906-1912). The poem was first published on April 1, 1906 on the Northern Sami in the Norwegian newspaper Sagai Muittalægje. In August 1986, the 13th Sámi Conference, was held in the Swedish village of Åre, a poem Sámi soga lávlla was declared the national anthem of the Sami. The music written for these words were by the Norwegian composer , was approved in 1992 as the official national anthem at the 15th Sámi Conference in Helsinki. Sami national anthem Sámi soga lávlla (English: "Song of the Sami Family/People") is the anthem of

title: Brazilian National Anthem

text: Medeiros e Albuquerque was declared the Anthem of the Proclamation of the Republic. Dedoro himself was said to prefer the old anthem to the new composition that became the anthem of the Proclamation of the Republic. The Decree of the Provisional Government (Decree 171 of 1890) confirming Francisco Manuel da Silva's music, that had served as the National Anthem of the Empire of Brazil, as the National Anthem of the new Republic, was issued on 20 January 1890. In the early days of the new Federal Republic, the National Anthem continued without official lyrics, but several lyrics were proposed, and

title: National Anthem of the Sakha Republic

text: music is played in F major. After the Sakha Republic became a separate sovereign state, the first constitution was adopted. At that time, no official anthem of the Sakha Republic existed. The constitution only stipulates that : After the approval of the new constitution, a commission for the creation of the national anthem was formed, with the poet Savva Tarasov as the chairman. A competition for the national anthem was announced. Hundreds of submission for the national anthem was received from throughout the country, but the commision did not approved any of the submission. This caused Savva Tarasov to be

title: National Anthem of Chile

text: States rock band the Eagles, sang the National Anthem of Chile at a Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim baseball game in 2003. Below are the lyrics of the most played version; it corresponds to Verse V of the full version and the chorus: Full National Anthem According to Chilean Constitution (Only Verse V and the chorus are played officially as the National Anthem [decree 260]) The following lyrics were used during the military regime in the country. Both the 5th and 3rd verses were used. National Anthem of Chile The National Anthem of Chile () is also known as Canción

title: National Flag Anthem of the Republic of China

text: Taipei." However, in the 16th Asian Games held in Guangzhou, China, the song was introduced as the "Anthem of the Chinese Taipei Olympic Committee" (中華臺北奧會會歌), with new lyrics written by Zhang Bide (張彼德). In schools and national monuments in Taiwan, the National Anthem and the National Flag Anthem are played every morning before classes or opening at an outdoor ceremony. The national anthem is sung while the flag is being held before raising and the National Flag Anthem is played when the National Flag is raised. According to Liu Yiling from National Library of the Republic of China, there is

title: Brazilian National Anthem

text: broadcasts began in Brazil, and the first broadcast was the performance of the National Anthem with the new lyrics, followed by the speech by President Epitácio Pessoa, the first radio address by a Brazilian President. The national anthem is considered by the current Constitution of Brazil, adopted in 1988, to be one of the four national symbols of the country, along with the Flag, the Coat of Arms and the National Seal. The legal norms currently in force concerning the national anthem are contained in a statute passed in 1971 (Law 5.700 of 1 September 1971), regulating the national symbols.

title: Argentine National Anthem

text: the Olympic Games, professional soccer games, and the Rugby World Cup, only the instrumental introduction (which lasts 1 minute 6 seconds) is played. Another variation is to play the musical break that leads into the chorus, the chorus itself, and the coda. Although traditional, these arrangements are not recognized by Argentine law. The following is the modern version, adopted in 1924, omitting the long anti-Spanish middle section. Argentine National Anthem The "Argentine National Anthem" () is the national anthem of Argentina. Its lyrics were written by the Buenos Aires-born politician Vicente López y Planes and the music was composed by

title: National Anthem of Peru

text: the following shout is done when the anthem's performance is over: The chant "Long Live Peru!" is also done in sporting events, concerts, anniversaries and other occasions after the playing of the national anthem. National Anthem of Peru The "Himno Nacional del Perú" (; also known as "Marcha Nacional del Perú", or National March of Peru) is the national anthem of the Republic of Peru. The anthem was composed by José Bernardo Alcedo and its lyrics were written by José de la Torre Ugarte. After Peru declared its independence, the general José de San Martín began a public contest to

title: National anthem

text: anthem's lyrics were written by former president and poet Rafael Nuñez, who also wrote the country's first constitution. A similar case is Liberia, the national anthem of which was written by its third president, Daniel Bashiel Warner. While most national anthems are in the major scale, there are a number of notable exceptions. For example, these anthems are in the minor scale: These anthems use pentatonic scales: And these anthems have unique modes/modulations: National anthem The majority of national anthems are marches or hymns in style. The countries of Latin America, Central Asia, and Europe tend towards more ornate and

title: National Anthem of Uruguay

text: National Anthem of Uruguay The "Himno Nacional de Uruguay" (), also known by its incipit "Orientales, la Patria o la Tumba", is the longest national anthem in terms of duration with 105 bars of music (about four-and-a-half to six minutes), though an abridged version is performed on most occasions. Its lyrics are by Francisco Acuña de Figueroa, who was also author of the lyrics to Paraguay's national anthem; "Paraguayos, República o Muerte". The lyrics were officially declared the national anthem on July 8, 1833, while the current musical composition was declared as the official by law on July 25 and

title: National Anthem of Colombia

text: without repeating the chorus. This is usually the case when brevity is sought. By law, radio and television broadcasts must play the national anthem at 6:00 am and 6:00 pm, and the radio invariably uses the shorter format. The shorter anthem is also used at international events such as the Olympic Games or World Cup. In ceremonies of the Colombian Artillery, the last verse is used instead of the first verse. The Colombian Cavalry traditionally uses the sixth verse, while the 4th verse is used by the Colombian Navy. National Anthem of Colombia The "National Anthem of the Republic of

title: National Anthem Bill

text: Qatar. the HKFA was fined for 10,000CHF (HK$77,150) again for booing the anthem before the home game against China on 17 November 2015. In response, the PRC government made known its intention to have a national anthem law applied to Hong Kong as well as the mainland, arguing it would help foster social values and promote patriotism. The People's Republic of China on the National Anthem (the National Anthem Law) was adopted at the 29th session of the Standing Committee of the 12th National People's Congress (NPCSC) on 1 September 2017, and came into force nationwide on 1 October 2017.

text: they would salute the national anthem. After the Kuomintang Anthem became the "de facto" National Anthem of the Republic of China in 1930, the Ministry of Education had invited submissions for a new official national anthem. The music composed by Huang Tzu was eventually chosen in 1936, but the Nationalist Government refused to adopt it as the national anthem. As a compromise, the National Anthem remained unchanged, while Huang Tzu's music was adopted as the National Flag Anthem, with lyrics written in Classical Chinese by Tai Chi-tao, who had also contributed to the lyrics of the National Anthem. Since 1983,

text: the Volunteers", which was written a few years later entirely in modern vernacular Chinese. As well as being written in classical Chinese, the national anthem follows classical poetic conventions. The ancient "Fu" style follows that of a four-character poem, where the last character of each line rhymes in "-ong" or "-eng", which are equivalent in ancient Chinese. The official translation by Du Tingxiu (Theodore B. Tu) appears in English-language guides to the ROC published by the government. National Anthem of the Republic of China The "National Anthem of the Republic of China" is the national anthem of the Republic of

title: National Anthem of Honduras

text: to Hondurans to defend the flag and the nation. By the time Hondurans complete their sixth year of elementary education, they will have memorized and been taught the meaning of all eight stanzas. Unofficially, the anthem is sometimes called ""Tu bandera es un lampo de cielo"" (Spanish for "Your flag is a splendor of sky") which is also the first line of the chorus. For Graduations in middle school, High school, University, or another type of graduation, an exam will be done based on a questionnaire of the National Anthem. National Anthem of Honduras The "National Anthem of Honduras" ()

title: National anthem

text: of the gold medal winner is played at each medal ceremony; also played before games in many sports leagues, since being adopted in baseball during World War II. When teams from two different nations play each other, the anthems of both nations are played, the host nation's anthem being played last. In some countries, the national anthem is played to students each day at the start of school as an exercise in patriotism, such as in Tanzania. In other countries the state anthem may be played in a theatre before a play or in a cinema before a movie. Many

title: National Anthem of the Kyrgyz Republic

text: National Anthem of the Kyrgyz Republic The National Anthem of the Kyrgyz Republic (), also National Anthem of Kyrgyzstan, was adopted on 18 December 1992 by a resolution of the Supreme Council of Kyrgyzstan (Jogorku Kenesh). The music was composed by Nasyr Davlesov and Kalyi Moldobasanov, and the words were written by Jamil Sadykov and Eshmambet Kuluev. The anthem's music is typically played in A major. <poem>White-capped rocky cliffs and steppes Are equal to the soul of our people. For countless centuries, our fathers Have lived in and kept the Ala-Too. Long ago, our friendly people Completed and gave us

title: National anthem of Mauritania

text: National anthem of Mauritania The national anthem of Mauritania (), also known by its incipit "Bilada-l ubati-l hudati-l kiram" (; ), was adopted on 16 November 2017 and was composed by Rageh Daoud. In March 2017, following a referendum to amend the constitution of July 1991, the Mauritanian National Assembly adopted a new national anthem to replace the previous one. It has five verses, with a chorus repeated after each verse. The first verse and chorus are below including the fifth verse and the final chorus. the lyrics in the bracket is sung in an extended version of the anthem.

title: National anthem

text: compositions for consideration, including Benjamin Britten, William Walton, Gian Carlo Menotti and Zubir Said, who later composed "Majulah Singapura", the national anthem of Singapore. None were deemed suitable. A few anthems have words by Nobel laureates in literature. The first Asian laureate, Rabindranath Tagore, wrote the words and music of "Jana Gana Mana" and "Amar Shonar Bangla", later adopted as the national anthems of India and Bangladesh respectively. Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson wrote the lyrics for the Norwegian national anthem "Ja, vi elsker dette landet". Other countries had their anthems composed by locally important people. This is the case for Colombia, whose

title: National anthem of Guatemala

text: their poetic beauty. The identity of the author of the song's original lyrics was not known until 1911, when on his deathbed, José Joaquín Palma revealed that he had authored the lyrics. National anthem of Guatemala The national anthem of Guatemala was written by José Joaquín Palma (1844–1911) and composed by Rafael Álvarez Ovalle.. The anthem is often erroneously titled "Guatemala Feliz!" from its opening lyrics, but the anthem has no official name and is only referred to in the country as the "Himno Nacional". The anthem was adopted in 1896 as the winning entry in a competition held by

title: National anthem of Guatemala

text: National anthem of Guatemala The national anthem of Guatemala was written by José Joaquín Palma (1844–1911) and composed by Rafael Álvarez Ovalle.. The anthem is often erroneously titled "Guatemala Feliz!" from its opening lyrics, but the anthem has no official name and is only referred to in the country as the "Himno Nacional". The anthem was adopted in 1896 as the winning entry in a competition held by the government. The lyrics were modified slightly in 1934 by Professor Jose Maria Bonilla Ruano, a Spanish grammar scholar. Some verses were softened in their bloody context while others were enhanced in

title: National Anthem Bill

text: The law sets out rules to use the national anthem. It would bar use of the anthem in commercial advertisements, and require attendees at events to stand up straight "solemnly" when the anthem plays. Violators, including those who modify the lyrics or mock the song or play it during "inappropriate" occasions, could be detained for up to 15 days or face criminal prosecution. On 4 November 2017, the NPCSC adopted the decision to add the National Anthem Law to Annex III of the Basic Law of Hong Kong. In accordance with Article 18(2) of the Basic Law, the national laws

title: National Anthem of Bosnia and Herzegovina

text: National Anthem of Bosnia and Herzegovina "The National Anthem of Bosnia and Herzegovina" (Serbo-Croatian: "Državna himna Bosne i Hercegovine" / Државна химна Босне и Херцеговине) is the name of the official national anthem of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is one of the four national anthems in the world (along with Spain, San Marino, and Kosovo) to have no official lyrics. The national anthem was adopted on 25 June 1999, by the promulgation of the Law on the National Anthem of Bosnia and Herzegovina, replacing the previous national anthem, "Jedna si jedina", which excluded the country's Serb and Croat communities, this

title: National anthem of Russia

text: a new composition by Mikhalkov; according to the government, the lyrics were selected to evoke and eulogize the history and traditions of Russia. Yeltsin criticized Putin for supporting the reintroduction of the Soviet-era national anthem even though opinion polls showed that many Russians favored this decision. Public perception of the anthem is mixed among Russians. A 2009 poll showed that 56% of respondents felt proud when hearing the national anthem, and that 25% liked it. Before "The Prayer of the Russians" () was chosen as the national anthem of Imperial Russia in 1816, various church hymns and military marches were

title: U.S. national anthem protests

text: Cup of Hockey tournament in Toronto, Canada, Team USA coach John Tortorella told in an interview that if any one of his players were to sit out during the anthem, they would sit on the bench for the entire duration of the game. U.S. national anthem protests Protests during the playing of the United States national anthem have had many causes, including civil rights, anti-conscription and anti-war, anti-nationalism, and religious reservations. "The Star-Spangled Banner" was adopted as the official national anthem by U.S. President Woodrow Wilson in 1916, and was made the national anthem by a congressional resolution on March

title: The National Anthem (Benjamin Britten)

text: the EP were: The National Anthem (Benjamin Britten) The National Anthem is a 1962 choral and orchestral arrangement of "God Save the Queen" by Benjamin Britten. The arrangement was written for the Leeds Festival. It has been described as an "extraordinary progression from pianissimo prayer to pealing, overlapping choral fortissimo". The piece was performed by Britten and the English Chamber Orchestra, along with the overture "The Building of the House", at the openings of two English concert halls in 1967. The Queen Elizabeth Hall (QEH) is a purpose-built music venue on the South Bank in London which opened in March

title: The National Anthem (Benjamin Britten)

text: The National Anthem (Benjamin Britten) The National Anthem is a 1962 choral and orchestral arrangement of "God Save the Queen" by Benjamin Britten. The arrangement was written for the Leeds Festival. It has been described as an "extraordinary progression from pianissimo prayer to pealing, overlapping choral fortissimo". The piece was performed by Britten and the English Chamber Orchestra, along with the overture "The Building of the House", at the openings of two English concert halls in 1967. The Queen Elizabeth Hall (QEH) is a purpose-built music venue on the South Bank in London which opened in March 1967. Britten prepared

title: The National Anthem (Black Mirror)

text: that he was unsure how a Prime Minister would act, and Bathurst commenting that though Callow should be "kicked out of politics", his actions go without consequence. Commenting on the scene in which Callow's wife is upset that the public are picturing Callow having sex with a pig already, Brooker registers surprises that some viewers are angry at her character. The scene was intended for her to "[communicate] how upset she is". The title of the episode refers both to "God Save the Queen", the UK's national anthem, and Radiohead song "The National Anthem". During UK pre-publicity, the central conceit

title: National Anthem of Manchukuo

text: as: National Anthem of Manchukuo The National Anthem of Manchukuo was one of the many national symbols of independence and sovereignty created to foster a sense of legitimacy for Manchukuo in both an effort to secure international diplomatic recognition and to foster a sense of nationalism among its inhabitants. During Manchukuo's short 13-year existence, two national anthems were used. The National Anthem of Manchukuo was widely taught in schools and used in ceremonies in Manchukuo. The first national anthem was declared by State Council Decree No.4, dated 24 February "Dàtóng" 2 (1933) but publicized on March 1. The lyrics were

title: National Anthem of Manchukuo

text: National Anthem of Manchukuo The National Anthem of Manchukuo was one of the many national symbols of independence and sovereignty created to foster a sense of legitimacy for Manchukuo in both an effort to secure international diplomatic recognition and to foster a sense of nationalism among its inhabitants. During Manchukuo's short 13-year existence, two national anthems were used. The National Anthem of Manchukuo was widely taught in schools and used in ceremonies in Manchukuo. The first national anthem was declared by State Council Decree No.4, dated 24 February "Dàtóng" 2 (1933) but publicized on March 1. The lyrics were written

title: National Anthem of Colombia

text: National Anthem of Colombia The "National Anthem of the Republic of Colombia" () is the official name of the national anthem of Colombia. It is commonly known by its incipit "¡Oh gloria inmarcesible!" (), although this is not its official title. It is largely the creation of José Domingo Torres, an actor from Bogotá, who took a poem written by former Colombian president Rafael Núñez and asked a friend, opera singer Oreste Sindici, to set it to music. The official announcement of the song came in the form of Act 33 of October 28, 1920. The law 198 of 1995,

title: National anthem of Russia

text: that new lyrics be written. He did not say how much of the old Soviet lyrics should be retained for the new anthem. Putin submitted the bill "On the National Anthem of the Russian Federation" to the Duma for their consideration on 4 December. The Duma voted 381–51–1 in favor of adopting Alexandrov's music as the national anthem on 8 December 2000. Following the vote, a committee was formed and tasked with exploring lyrics for the national anthem. After receiving over 6,000 manuscripts from all sectors of Russian society, the committee selected lyrics by Mikhalkov for the anthem. Before the

title: National anthem of Mongolia

text: National anthem of Mongolia The national anthem of Mongolia () was created in 1950, composed by Bilegiin Damdinsüren and Luvsanjambyn Mördorj, and written by Tsendiin Damdinsüren. Over the 20th century, Mongolia had several national anthems. The first one was used between 1924 and 1950, and it is called the Mongolian Internationale. This is a significantly different version of The Internationale, with words by Sonombaljiryn Buyannemekh and music by Magsarjavyn Dugarjav. The second between 1950 and 1962, and a third one between 1961 and 1991. Since 1991, most of the state anthem of 1950 is used again, but the second verse

title: Afghan National Anthem

text: the national symbols after the Marxist coup d'état of 1978. The music was composed by Jalīl Ghahlānd and was arranged by Ustad Salim Sarmad. It is known alternatively by the title of "Garam shah lā garam shah" (), which is also the song's incipit. Like many national anthems, it was sometimes sung abbreviated with only the chorus and the first stanza. In 1987, Afghanistan officially abandoned communism but this song was kept as the national anthem until 1992, when it was discontinued. From 1992 to 2006, Afghanistan used a song composed in 1919 by Ustad Qasim as its national anthem.

title: National Anthem of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia

text: National Anthem of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia The "National anthem of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia" (, "Himna Kraljevine Jugoslavije") was created in December 1918 from the national anthems of the Kingdom's main three constituent historical provinces: Croatia, Serbia and Slovenia. In those times the official authorities considered the three nations, Croats, Serbs, and Slovenes as one nation with three names. The official language was thus called the Serbo-Croato-Slovene language. Although a law on the national anthem did not exist, the anthems of all three South Slavic nations were unified into a single anthem of the Kingdom. It started with a

title: The National Anthem (Black Mirror)

text: The National Anthem (Black Mirror) "The National Anthem" is the first episode of the British science fiction anthology series "Black Mirror". The episode was written by series creator and showrunner Charlie Brooker and directed by Otto Bathurst; it first aired on Channel 4, on 4 December 2011. In the episode, the British prime minister Michael Callow (Rory Kinnear) awakens to be told by the Home Secretary Alex Cairns (Lindsay Duncan) that Princess Susannah (Lydia Wilson), a much-loved member of the Royal Family, has been kidnapped, and will be killed unless the Prime Minister has sexual intercourse with a pig on

title: National anthem of the Korean Empire

text: time on 9 September 1902, during Emperor Gojong's birthday ceremony. The imminent demise of the Korean Empire's independence, however, meant that the anthem did not become widely available. With the signing of the Eulsa Treaty in 1905, the Korean Empire was well on its way towards annexation by the Empire of Japan. It was the original version made for Emperor Gojong. The republican lyrics were re-discovered on 13 August 2004, by curator Lee Dong-guk of the Seoul Calligraphy Art Museum. The surviving specimen was a copy kept by the Korean-American Club of Honolulu-Wahiawa and published in 1910 under the title

title: National anthem of the Korean Empire

text: "Korean old national hymn" in English and () in Korean. The discovery came as a surprise even in South Korea, where the existence of the republican lyrics was unknown until then. The finding was later reported in the mass media and has since then been performed by various K-pop artists. Hawaii has been a source for various pre-Japanese annexation heritage investigations by South Korea since many Korean Empire citizens emigrated to Hawaii before the Japanese annexation. One recent incident involved a Korean Empire émigré descendant donating a very rare 100-plus-year-old original passport issued by the Korean Empire to South Korean

title: National anthem of Russia

text: orchestras, brass bands and wind bands. According to Russian , state symbols and signs are not protected by copyright. As such, the anthem's music and lyrics may be used and modified freely. Although the law calls for the anthem to be performed respectfully and for performers to avoid causing offence, it does not define what constitutes offensive acts or penalties. Standing for the anthem is required by law but the law does not specify a penalty for refusing to stand. Citations Bibliography Legislation National anthem of Russia The "State Anthem of the Russian Federation" () is the name of the

title: National anthem

text: a world-renowned composer. Exceptions include Germany, whose anthem "Das Lied der Deutschen" uses a melody written by Joseph Haydn, and Austria, whose national anthem "Land der Berge, Land am Strome" is sometimes credited to Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. The "Anthem of the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic" was composed by Aram Khachaturian. The music of the "Pontifical Anthem", anthem of the Vatican City, was composed in 1869 by Charles Gounod, for the golden jubilee of Pope Pius IX's priestly ordination. The committee charged with choosing a national anthem for Malaysia at independence decided to invite selected composers of international repute to submit

title: National anthem of Norway

text: National anthem of Norway Norway does not have an official national anthem, but over the last 200 years, a number of anthems have been commonly regarded as "de facto" national anthems. At times, multiple anthems have enjoyed this status simultaneously. Today, the anthem "Ja, vi elsker dette landet" is the most recognised national anthem, but until the early 20th century, "Sønner av Norge" occupied this position. In the early 19th century, the anthem "Norges Skaal" was regarded by many as a "de facto" national anthem. From 1820, the anthem "Norsk Nationalsang" (literally, "Norwegian National Anthem") became the most recognised national

title: National anthem

text: U.S. national anthem as representing respect for dead soldiers and policemen whereas others view it as honoring the country generally). Most of the best-known national anthems were written by little-known or unknown composers such as Claude Joseph Rouget de Lisle, composer of "La Marseillaise" and John Stafford Smith who wrote the tune for "The Anacreontic Song", which became the tune for the U.S. national anthem, "The Star-Spangled Banner". The author of "God Save the Queen", one of the oldest and most well known anthems in the world, is unknown and disputed. Very few countries have a national anthem written by

title: North Korean postal service

text: North Korean postal service The North Korean postal service () or Korean Post () is operated by the Ministry of Post and Telecommunications and Communication Maintenance Bureau, which oversees postal communications, telegrams, phone service, TV broadcasts, newspapers and other related materials. Like with much of North Korea, internal information is difficult to come by and what is learned usually comes from stories of North Korean defectors, the limited number of international business activities and a handful of North Korean research institutes. Prior to the famine in the 1990s, telegram service usually took less than a week and the government provided

title: New National Anthem

text: performed on several hit singles, including Where'd You Go", "Coming Home", "I Need a Doctor" and more. The song includes socially conscious lyrics centered on racism and injustice. On September 23, 2014, "Paperwork" was made available for pre-order with "New National Anthem" as the "instant gratification track". Also on September 23, the official audio for "New National Anthem" was released via T.I.'s official VEVO account. On October 20, 2014, T.I. released the official lyric video. Digital download New National Anthem "New National Anthem" is a political rap song by American rapper T.I., released on September 23, 2014, through Grand Hustle

title: North Korean passport

text: North Korean passport The Democratic People's Republic of Korea passport is the passport which may be issued to citizens of North Korea, for international travel. Since the majority of North Koreans do not get opportunities to leave their country, DPRK passports are rarely issued. North Korean passports were first issued in the 1950s with passport in three languages - Korean, Russian and Chinese, while the current passport has Korean and English only. DPRK passport covers are navy blue with the National Emblem of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea emblazoned in the center. The words "조선민주주의인민공화국" (Korean) and "DEMOCRATIC PEOPLE'S

title: Lebanese National Anthem

text: have been plagiarized from a song dedicated to Muhammad Ibn 'Abd al-Karim al-Khattabi, the leader of the Rif Republic, which was composed by Lebanese . It later showed another documentary containing documents which proved the claim. The Lebanese National Anthem is adopted by Rashid Nakhle and Wadih Sabra. Vocal versions of the anthem can be heard at Lebanese National Anthem The Lebanese National Anthem ( ) was written by Rashid Nakhle and composed by Wadih Sabra. It was adopted on 12 July 1927, seven years after the proclamation of the state of Greater Lebanon during the French mandate. The Lebanese

title: National symbols of North Korea

text: recognized as the symbol of Korea across the peninsula, but North Koreans revere it as the birthplace of Kim Jong-il. Some North Korean symbols are complemented with symbols for the ruling Kim family. For example, the "Magnolia sieboldii" is the national flower but the hybrid orchids Kimilsungia and Kimjongilia are also respected. Chapter VII of the Socialist Constitution of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea defines the emblem, flag, anthem and capital of North Korea, while the head of state is stipulated by article 117 of chapter VI. The present emblem of North Korea was adopted on 9 September 1948,

title: North Korean standard language

text: North Korean standard language North Korean standard language or Munhwaŏ () is the North Korean standard version of Korean language. Munhwaŏ was adopted as the standard in 1966. The adopting proclamation stated that the Pyongan dialect spoken in the North Korean capital Pyongyang and its surroundings should be the basis for Munhwaŏ; however, in practice, Iksop Lee and S. Robert Ramsey report that Munhwaŏ remains "firmly rooted" in the Seoul dialect, which had been the national standard for centuries. Most differences between the North and South Korean standards are thus attributable to replacement of Sino-Korean vocabulary and other loanwords with

title: North Korean standard language

text: its own dialect as "standard language" (). North Korean standard language North Korean standard language or Munhwaŏ () is the North Korean standard version of Korean language. Munhwaŏ was adopted as the standard in 1966. The adopting proclamation stated that the Pyongan dialect spoken in the North Korean capital Pyongyang and its surroundings should be the basis for Munhwaŏ; however, in practice, Iksop Lee and S. Robert Ramsey report that Munhwaŏ remains "firmly rooted" in the Seoul dialect, which had been the national standard for centuries. Most differences between the North and South Korean standards are thus attributable to replacement

title: New National Anthem

text: New National Anthem "New National Anthem" is a political rap song by American rapper T.I., released on September 23, 2014, through Grand Hustle and Columbia Records, as a pre-order track from "Paperwork" (2014). The song, produced by Tommy "TBHITS" Brown, features a guest appearance from American singer-songwriter Skylar Grey. In June 2014, at a screening of his "No Mediocre" music video, T.I. revealed that his "New National Anthem" song, which featured a reference hook from Victoria Monet, is slated to feature American pop singer Lady Gaga, adding he was finalizing the process for getting Gaga on the song. T.I. previously

title: National Anthem of the Sakha Republic

text: prison camp after his arrest. The composer of the song, Adam Skryabin, went abroad to evade the persecution and was given trial "in absentia". After a long time, the song was allowed by the Soviet government to be performed publically. The first public performance of this song was in the Victory Day celebration in the Yakut ASSR on 1945, from a gramophone record. The song was proposed to became the anthem of the Sakha Republic in 1990. National Anthem of the Sakha Republic The State Anthem of the Sakha Republic (; ) or National Anthem of Yakutia is the regional

title: National anthem

text: national or most common language of the country, whether de facto or official, there are notable exceptions. Most commonly, states with more than one national language may offer several versions of their anthem, for instance: National anthems rose to prominence in Europe during the 19th century, but some originated much earlier. The presumed oldest national anthem belongs to the Netherlands and is called the "Wilhelmus". It was written between 1568 and 1572 during the Dutch Revolt and its current melody variant was composed shortly before 1626. It was a popular orangist march during the 17th century but it did not

title: National anthem

text: National anthem The majority of national anthems are marches or hymns in style. The countries of Latin America, Central Asia, and Europe tend towards more ornate and operatic pieces, while those in the Middle East, Oceania, Africa, and the Caribbean use a more simplistic fanfare. Some countries that are devolved into multiple constituent states have their own official musical compositions for them (such as with the United Kingdom, Russian Federation, and the former Soviet Union); their constituencies' songs are sometimes referred to as national anthems even though they are not sovereign states. A national anthem is most often in the

title: National Anthem of The Mali Federation

text: National Anthem of The Mali Federation This curious and unknown national anthem was created by the Federation's Official Law in 18/06/1960. It has the music of the current National Anthem of Mali composed by Banzumana Sissoko (with an old intro and other notes) and lyrics of the current National Anthem of Senegal written by Léopold Sédar Senghor (slightly modified). After separation of the two countries, Mali kept the music (because the composer was from this country) and Senegal retained the lyrics of the Federation (which was written by who would be the first Senegalese President) but removing the name "Mali"

title: National Anthem of The Mali Federation

text: and others minor changes. National Anthem of The Mali Federation This curious and unknown national anthem was created by the Federation's Official Law in 18/06/1960. It has the music of the current National Anthem of Mali composed by Banzumana Sissoko (with an old intro and other notes) and lyrics of the current National Anthem of Senegal written by Léopold Sédar Senghor (slightly modified). After separation of the two countries, Mali kept the music (because the composer was from this country) and Senegal retained the lyrics of the Federation (which was written by who would be the first Senegalese President) but

title: National Anthem of Honduras

text: National Anthem of Honduras The "National Anthem of Honduras" () was adopted under presidential decree 42 in 1915. The lyrics were written by Augusto Constantino Coello and the music composed by Carlos Hartling. In its entirety, the anthem is a brief chronology of Honduran history. The anthem consists of the chorus and seven solos. For official acts, only the chorus and the seventh are sung. The chorus, which is sung before and after the seventh solo, is a description of Honduras' chief national symbols, the flag and the coat of arms. The eighth verse, is a patriotic call to duty

title: North Korean postal service

text: postal system and other state-run communications organizations, word of mouth remains the most common way information is spread throughout the country. Postal service between North and South Korea does not exist. North Korea is under multiple economic sanctions which severely limit what can legally be sent to the country. In the United States any mail is regulated by the Office of Foreign Assets Control and limits mail to first-class letters/postcards and matter for the blind. All merchandise, currency, precious metals, jewelry, chemical/biological/radioactive materials and others are prohibited. North Korean postal service The North Korean postal service () or Korean Post

title: National anthem of South Africa

text: National anthem of South Africa The current national anthem of South Africa was adopted in 1997 and is a hybrid song combining new English lyrics with extracts of the 19th century hymn "Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika" (, ) and the Afrikaans song "Die Stem van Suid-Afrika" (), which was formerly used as the South African national anthem from the late 1930s to the mid-1990s. The South African national anthem is often referred to by its incipit of "Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika", however this has never been its official title, which is simply "National anthem of South Africa". The fact that it shifts

title: National anthem of Russia

text: National anthem of Russia The "State Anthem of the Russian Federation" () is the name of the official national anthem of Russia. It uses the same music as the "State Anthem of the Soviet Union", composed by Alexander Alexandrov, and new lyrics by Sergey Mikhalkov, who had collaborated with Gabriel El-Registan on the original anthem. From 1944, that earliest version replaced "The Internationale", as a new, more Soviet-centric, and Russia-centric Soviet anthem. The same melody, but without lyrics mentioning dead Stalin by name, was used after 1956. A second version of the lyrics was written by Mikhalkov in 1970 and

title: Brazilian National Anthem

text: Brazilian National Anthem The "Brazilian National Anthem" () was composed by Francisco Manuel da Silva in 1831 and had been given at least two sets of unofficial lyrics before a 1922 decree by President Epitácio Pessoa gave the anthem its definitive, official lyrics, by Joaquim Osório Duque-Estrada, after several changes were made to his proposal, written in 1909. The anthem's lyrics have been described as Parnassian in style and Romantic in content. The melody of the Brazilian national anthem was composed by Francisco Manuel da Silva, and was presented to the public for the first time in April 1831. On

title: Brazilian National Anthem

text: adoption of a national anthem. A national anthem was seen as resulting from praxis or tradition. Thus, by 1837, when it was played in all official solemnities, Francisco Manuel da Silva's composition was already the Brazilian National Anthem. A new set of lyrics was proposed in 1841, to commemorate the coming of age and Coronation of Emperor Pedro II; those lyrics, popular but also considered poor, were soon abandoned too, this time by order of Emperor Pedro II, who specified that in public ceremonies the anthem should be played with no lyrics. Emperor Pedro II directed that Francisco Manuel da

title: National anthem of Norway

text: anthem. It came to be known as "Sønner av Norge" (originally "Sønner af Norge"), after its first stanza. "Sønner av Norge" was written by Henrik Anker Bjerregaard (1792–1842) and the melody by Christian Blom (1782–1861), after the Royal Norwegian Society for Development had announced a competition to write a national anthem for Norway in 1819. "Norsk Nationalsang" ("Sønner af Norge") was announced as the winner. "Blant alle Lande" (also called "Nordmandssang") by Ole Vig has also been used as a national anthem. Henrik Wergeland also wrote an anthem originally titled "Smaagutternes Nationalsang" ("The Young Boys' National Anthem"), and commonly known