query: When was the movie, Caligula, made?

title: Australian Made: The Movie

text: VHS version, retitled as "Australian Made: Featuring INXS Live", was issued which removed footage by Barnes. An edited DVD version was released in 2003 with all footage of The Triffids and Barnes removed. Allmovie's Dan Pavlides summarised the movie as depicting artists "which reflect the worldwide popularity of Australian rock music that emerged during the 1980s". The cast includes: Australian Made: The Movie Australian Made: Featuring INXS Live DVD version Australian Made: The Movie Australian Made: The Movie is a July 1987 live concert film of the Australian Made tour from December 1986 to January 1987. The tour featured internationally

title: Caligula

text: the Gladiators" (1954). A feature-length historical film "Caligula" was completed in 1979, in which Malcolm McDowell played the lead role. The film alienated audiences with explicit sex and violence, but despite negative reviews is considered a cult classic. "Caligula", by French author Albert Camus, is a play in which Caligula returns after deserting the palace for three days and three nights following the death of his beloved sister, Drusilla. The young emperor then uses his unfettered power to "bring the impossible into the realm of the likely". In the 1934 novel "I, Claudius" by English writer Robert Graves, Caligula is

title: Caligula (film)

text: for an alleged remake called "Gore Vidal's Caligula" as a promotion for Versace's new line of accessories; the remake was to star Helen Mirren as "the Empress Tiberius", Gerard Butler as Chaerea, Milla Jovovich as Drusilla, Courtney Love as Caligula, and Karen Black as Agrippina the Elder and featuring an introduction by Gore Vidal. The fake trailer was screened worldwide, including New York City's Whitney Museum of American Art's 2006 Whitney Biennial. Leonardo DiCaprio has cited the film as an influence on his performance as Jordan Belfort in "The Wolf of Wall Street". Caligula (film) Caligula () is a 1979

title: Caligula (film)

text: Caligula (film) Caligula () is a 1979 Italian-American erotic historical drama film focusing on the rise and fall of the Roman Emperor Caligula. It stars Malcolm McDowell, Teresa Ann Savoy, Helen Mirren, Peter O'Toole, John Steiner and John Gielgud. It is the only feature film produced by the men's magazine "Penthouse". Producer Bob Guccione, the magazine's founder, intended to produce an explicit pornographic film with a feature film narrative and high production values. He also cast Penthouse Pets as extras in unsimulated sex scenes filmed during post-production by himself and Giancarlo Lui. Guccione hired screenwriter Gore Vidal to draft the

title: When Hell Was in Session

text: When Hell Was in Session When Hell Was in Session is a memoir by U.S. Navy Rear Admiral Jeremiah Denton, recounting his experiences as an American prisoner of war (POW) during the Vietnam War. A Navy pilot, Denton's jet was shot down over North Vietnam in July 1965. Denton and his navigator, Bill Tschudy, parachuted down and were soon taken prisoner. Both men spent seven years and seven months in North Vietnam as often-tortured POWs. In 1979, the book was made into a television movie starring Hal Holbrook. It was adapted by screenwriter Jake Justiz, also known as Lee Pogostin.

title: Caligula... The Untold Story

text: "Golfo Azzurro", "Videogroup", and "Shendene & Moizzi". Abroad, the film was also released in a hardcore version never submitted to the Italian board. It includes the following additional scenes: The hardcore cut was first distributed on home video by "Movie Time" in the Netherlands on VHS in an abbreviated form, dubbed in English with Dutch subtitles. The onscreen title reads "Caligula... The Untold Story", while the title on the cover is "Caligula II - The Forbidden Story". Both a long softcore and the long hardcore cuts were released in Germany in a joint edition as "Caligula 2 - The Untold

title: Caligula

text: for the world." In 33 AD, Tiberius gave Caligula an honorary quaestorship, a position he held until his rise to emperor. Meanwhile, both Caligula's mother and his brother Drusus died in prison. Caligula was briefly married to Junia Claudilla, in 33, though she died in childbirth the following year. Caligula spent time befriending the Praetorian prefect, Naevius Sutorius Macro, an important ally. Macro spoke well of Caligula to Tiberius, attempting to quell any ill will or suspicion the Emperor felt towards Caligula. In 35 AD, Caligula was named joint heir to Tiberius's estate along with Tiberius Gemellus. When Tiberius died

title: Caligula

text: to a conspiracy. In AD 40, Caligula expanded the Roman Empire into Mauretania and made a significant attempt at expanding into Britannia – even challenging Neptune in his campaign. The conquest of Britannia was fully realized by his successors. Mauretania was a client kingdom of Rome ruled by Ptolemy of Mauretania. Caligula invited Ptolemy to Rome and then suddenly had him executed. Mauretania was annexed by Caligula and subsequently divided into two provinces, Mauretania Tingitana and Mauretania Caesariensis, separated by the river Malua. Pliny claims that division was the work of Caligula, but Dio states that in AD 42 an

title: Caligula

text: but describe this madness as a personality trait that came through experience. Seneca states that Caligula became arrogant, angry and insulting once he became emperor and uses his personality flaws as examples his readers can learn from. According to Josephus, power made Caligula incredibly conceited and led him to think he was a god. Philo of Alexandria reports that Caligula became ruthless after nearly dying of an illness in the eighth month of his reign in AD 37. Juvenal reports he was given a magic potion that drove him insane. Suetonius said that Caligula suffered from "falling sickness", or epilepsy,

title: Caligula... The Untold Story

text: trains all in the art of love. During the banquet, which involves jugglers, a bloody gladiatorial combat and the masturbation of a horse, Caligula falls in love with Miriam and his bodyguard Ulmar leads her to the imperial chambers where Miriam and Caligula have sex with each other. When Cornelius attempts to kill Caligula, Miriam saves the emperor's life, killing Cornelius. Caligula takes deadly revenge on the senators involved in the plot in various gruesome ways. Miriam has become passionately tied to Caligula, who announces he will marry her despite her slave status. Miriam discovers Livia's amulet and is torn

title: Caligula

text: when he was young. Modern historians have theorized that Caligula lived with a daily fear of seizures. Despite swimming being a part of imperial education, Caligula could not swim. Epileptics are discouraged from swimming in open waters because unexpected fits in such difficult rescue circumstances can be fatal. Additionally, Caligula reportedly talked to the full moon: Epilepsy was long associated with the moon. On physical appearance and health, Suetonius described Caligula as sickly-looking, skinny and pale: "he was tall, very pale, ill-shaped, his neck and legs very slender, his eyes and temples hollow, his brows broad and knit, his hair

title: Caligula

text: reverse the order. However, Caligula issued a second order to have his statue erected in the Temple of Jerusalem. In Rome, another statue of himself, of colossal size, was made of gilt brass for the purpose. The Temple of Jerusalem was then transformed into a temple for Caligula, and it was called the Temple of Illustrious Gaius the New Jupiter. Philo of Alexandria and Seneca the Younger, contemporaries of Caligula, describe him as an insane emperor who was self-absorbed, angry, killed on a whim, and indulged in too much spending and sex. He is accused of sleeping with other men's

title: Caligula (film)

text: critical consensus reads, "Endlessly perverse and indulgent, "Caligula" throws in hardcore sex every time the plot threatens to get interesting." Leslie Halliwell said "Caligula" was "a vile curiosity of interest chiefly to sado-masochists". "Time Out London" called it "a dreary shambles". Positive criticism of the film came from Moviehole reviewer Clint Morris, who awarded it 3 stars out of 5, calling it "[a] classic in the coolest sense of the word". "New Times" critic Gregory Weinkauf gave the film 3 out of 5, calling it "Kinda dumb and tacky, but at least it's a real movie". "Arkansas Democrat-Gazette" reviewer Philip

title: Caligula

text: a dagger in order to avenge his mother and brother: however, having brought the weapon into Tiberius's bedroom he did not kill the Emperor but instead threw the dagger down on the floor. Supposedly Tiberius knew of this but never dared to do anything about it. Suetonius claims that Caligula was already cruel and vicious: he writes that, when Tiberius brought Caligula to Capri, his purpose was to allow Caligula to live in order that he "... prove the ruin of himself and of all men, and that he was rearing a viper for the Roman people and a Phaethon

title: Caligula (film)

text: become depraved, showing signs of advanced venereal diseases, and embittered with Rome and politics. Tiberius enjoys swimming with naked youths and watching degrading sex shows that often include children and deformed people. Caligula observes with fascination and horror. Tensions rise when Tiberius tries to poison Caligula in front of Gemellus. Nerva commits suicide and Caligula tries to kill Tiberius but loses his nerve. Proving his loyalty to Caligula, Macro kills Tiberius instead with Gemellus as a witness. After Tiberius' death and burial, Caligula is proclaimed the new Emperor, then proclaims Drusilla as his equal, to the apparent disgust of the

title: The Caligula Effect

text: The Caligula Effect The Caligula Effect is a role-playing video game developed by FuRyu. It was released for the PlayStation Vita in Japan in June 2016, and by Atlus USA in North America and Europe in May 2017. A remake of the game, The Caligula Effect: Overdose, was released for the PlayStation 4 in Japan in May 2018, and will be released worldwide by NIS America in March 2019 for the PlayStation 4, Nintendo Switch, and Microsoft Windows. An anime adaptation of the same name premiered in April 2018. "The Caligula Effect" is a role-playing video game featuring turn-based combat

title: Caligula

text: Suetonius writes that after the banishment of his mother and brothers, Caligula and his sisters were nothing more than prisoners of Tiberius under the close watch of soldiers. In 31 AD, Caligula was remanded to the personal care of Tiberius on Capri, where he lived for six years. To the surprise of many, Caligula was spared by Tiberius. According to historians, Caligula was an excellent natural actor and, recognizing danger, hid all his resentment towards Tiberius. An observer said of Caligula, "Never was there a better servant or a worse master!" Caligula claimed to have planned to kill Tiberius with

title: Australian Made: The Movie

text: Australian Made: The Movie Australian Made: The Movie is a July 1987 live concert film of the Australian Made tour from December 1986 to January 1987. The tour featured internationally performing Australian acts, INXS, Divinyls, Models, The Triffids, The Saints, I'm Talking, Jimmy Barnes and Mental As Anything. The film was directed by INXS' video collaborator, Richard Lowenstein but did not contain any footage of Mental As Anything. Concert segments were linked by Troy Davies interviewing audience members and musicians. "Australian Made: The Movie" was released in Australia on VHS in 1988. In 1989 in the United Kingdom, an edited

title: Caligula... The Untold Story

text: Caligula... The Untold Story Caligula... The Untold Story (Italian original title: Caligola... la storia mai raccontata; literally: "Caligula... the story never told") is a 1982 pornographic film starring David Brandon and Laura Gemser. The film follows the success of "Caligula" by Tinto Brass without being a sequel or remake. It was written by George Eastman and produced, co-written, directed and lensed by Joe D'Amato. The story deals with the last days of the deviant and murderous Roman emperor Caligula, his sumptuous feasts and orgies, and the various assassination attempts against his life for reasons both public and private. At its

title: Caligula

text: during their campaign in Germania. When Germanicus died at Antioch in AD 19, Agrippina returned with her six children to Rome, where she became entangled in a bitter feud with Tiberius. The conflict eventually led to the destruction of her family, with Caligula as the sole male survivor. Untouched by the deadly intrigues, Caligula accepted an invitation in AD 31 to join the emperor on the island of Capri, where Tiberius had withdrawn five years earlier. Following the death of Tiberius, Caligula succeeded his adoptive grandfather as emperor in AD 37. There are few surviving sources about the reign of

title: Caligula

text: thin, and the crown of the head bald. The other parts of his body were much covered with hair ... He was crazy both in body and mind, being subject, when a boy, to the falling sickness. When he arrived at the age of manhood he endured fatigue tolerably well; but still, occasionally, he was liable to a faintness, during which he remained incapable of any effort". Based on scientific reconstructions of his official painted busts, Caligula had brown hair, brown eyes, and fair skin. Some modern historians think that Caligula suffered from hyperthyroidism. This diagnosis is mainly attributed to

title: Caligula

text: him. The inheritance of Nero, Agrippina's son and the future emperor, was seized by Caligula. Gaetulicus, a poet, produced a number of flattering writings about Caligula, but they are lost. The bulk of what is known of Caligula comes from Suetonius and Cassius Dio. Suetonius wrote his history on Caligula 80 years after his death, while Cassius Dio wrote his history over 180 years after Caligula's death. Cassius Dio's work is invaluable because it alone gives a loose chronology of Caligula's reign. A handful of other sources add a limited perspective on Caligula. Josephus gives a detailed description of Caligula's

title: The Caligula Effect

text: The game was released by FuRyu for the PlayStation Vita in Japan on June 23, 2016, and was released by Atlus USA in North America on May 2, 2017, and in Europe on May 9. Initially, Atlus USA did not rule out a physical release of "The Caligula Effect" through Limited Run Games, but eventually decided against it. An anime adaptation, "Caligula", premiered in Japan in April 2018. In November 2017, a remake titled "The Caligula Effect: Overdose" was announced. It was released in Japan for the PlayStation 4 on May 18, 2018, and will be released by NIS America

title: Caligula (film)

text: stay in a city jail, Caligula proclaims himself a god and becomes determined to destroy the senatorial class, which he has come to loathe. The new reign he leads becomes a series of humiliations against the foundations of Romesenators' wives are forced to work in the service of the state as prostitutes, estates are confiscated, the old religion is desecrated and the army is made to embark on a mock invasion of Britain. Unable to further tolerate his actions, Longinus conspires with Cassius to assassinate Caligula. Caligula enters his bedroom where a nervous Caesonia awaits him. Another blackbird appears but

title: Caligula

text: secondary and tertiary histories on Caligula written by the next generations of historians. A few of the contemporaneous historians are known by name. Fabius Rusticus and Cluvius Rufus both wrote condemning histories on Caligula that are now lost. Fabius Rusticus was a friend of Seneca who was known for historical embellishment and misrepresentation. Cluvius Rufus was a senator involved in the assassination of Caligula. Caligula's sister, Agrippina the Younger, wrote an autobiography that certainly included a detailed explanation of Caligula's reign, but it too is lost. Agrippina was banished by Caligula for her connection to Marcus Lepidus, who conspired against

title: Caligula

text: Caligula Caligula (; Latin: "Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus Germanicus"; 31 August 12 – 24 January 41 AD) was Roman emperor from AD 37 to AD 41. The son of the popular Roman general Germanicus and Augustus' granddaughter Agrippina the Elder, Caligula was born into the first ruling family of the Roman Empire, conventionally known as the Julio-Claudian dynasty. Germanicus' uncle and adoptive father, Tiberius, succeeded Augustus as emperor of Rome in AD 14. Although he was born Gaius Caesar, after Julius Caesar, he acquired the nickname "Caligula" (meaning "little soldier's boot", the diminutive form of "caliga") from his father's soldiers

title: Caligula... The Untold Story

text: between vengeance and love. When Ulmar offers Miriam to help her escape, she refuses. She can no longer kill Caligula but has to know the truth about Livia's death and therefore administers him a hallucinogenic potion. In his ensuing vision, Caligula is approached and plagued by the shades of the people he murdered in the beyond. One of them is Miriam approaches, whom he stabs her with a sword he found on the floor, shouting "You're just a dream. But I'm still alive!" When he realises he is no longer dreaming and has actually stabbed her, he cries desperately. Riding

title: Caligula

text: during Tiberius's reign, as well as Josephus, record Tiberius as dying a natural death. Backed by Macro, Caligula had Tiberius's will nullified with regard to Gemellus on grounds of insanity, but otherwise carried out Tiberius's wishes. Caligula accepted the powers of the principate as conferred by the senate and entered Rome on 28 March amid a crowd that hailed him as "our baby" and "our star", among other nicknames. Caligula is described as the first emperor who was admired by everyone in "all the world, from the rising to the setting sun." Caligula was loved by many for being the

title: Caligula

text: assassination. Tacitus provides some information on Caligula's life under Tiberius. In a now lost portion of his "Annals", Tacitus gave a detailed history of Caligula. Pliny the Elder's "Natural History" has a few brief references to Caligula. There are few surviving sources on Caligula and none of them paints Caligula in a favourable light. The paucity of sources has resulted in significant gaps in modern knowledge of the reign of Caligula. Little is written on the first two years of Caligula's reign. Additionally, there are only limited details on later significant events, such as the annexation of Mauretania, Caligula's military

title: Caligula

text: presented as being a murderous sociopath from his childhood, who became clinically insane early in his reign. At the age of only ten, he drove his father Germanicus to despair and death by secretly terrorising him. Graves's Caligula commits incest with all three of his sisters and is implied to have murdered Drusilla. Caligula has been portrayed in a number of television series: Caligula Caligula (; Latin: "Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus Germanicus"; 31 August 12 – 24 January 41 AD) was Roman emperor from AD 37 to AD 41. The son of the popular Roman general Germanicus and Augustus' granddaughter

title: Caligula

text: pay their respects to him and argued about their nobility of descent, he allegedly cried out the Homeric line: "Let there be one lord, one king." In AD 40, Caligula began implementing very controversial policies that introduced religion into his political role. Caligula began appearing in public dressed as various gods and demigods such as Hercules, Mercury, Venus and Apollo. Reportedly, he began referring to himself as a god when meeting with politicians and he was referred to as "Jupiter" on occasion in public documents. A sacred precinct was set apart for his worship at Miletus in the province of

title: Caligula... The Untold Story

text: as Caligula as "perfect". Generally viewing the acting in a favorable light, Lupi further asserts that Laura Gemser too here delivered one of the most inspired performances of her career. Clive Davies sees her as "the real star". In 2015, Gary Allen Smith notes that the "film lacks a well known cast but the performances are nevertheless competent. David Cain Haughton, in particular, is quite acceptable as the mad emperor." Caligula... The Untold Story Caligula... The Untold Story (Italian original title: Caligola... la storia mai raccontata; literally: "Caligula... the story never told") is a 1982 pornographic film starring David Brandon

title: Caligula... The Untold Story

text: Story (Caligula 2 - Die wahre Geschichte)" by the label "X-rated" in its "Joe D'Amato Collection". A DVD edition with similar content was later released in Italy by "Stormovie". Contemporary reviews were negative. In June 1983, A. Valdata observed in "La Stampa" that despite its title, the film's story was like that of a common comic book, that the protagonist aped Malcolm McDowell in "Caligula" and that the film was better suited for a red light cinema. In September, an anonymous reviewer at the "Segno-cinema" noted that this small national production profited from the censorship imposed on Brass' "Caligula" by

title: Caligula

text: 38. Caligula's political payments for support, generosity and extravagance had exhausted the state's treasury. Ancient historians state that Caligula began falsely accusing, fining and even killing individuals for the purpose of seizing their estates. Historians describe a number of Caligula's other desperate measures. In order to gain funds, Caligula asked the public to lend the state money. He levied taxes on lawsuits, weddings and prostitution. Caligula began auctioning the lives of the gladiators at shows. Wills that left items to Tiberius were reinterpreted to leave the items instead to Caligula. Centurions who had acquired property by plunder were forced to

title: Caligula (horse)

text: throughout his stud career and sired few foals, but did get some good winners including The Consul (Yorkshire Cup). Caligula (horse) Caligula (1917 – after 1936) was an Irish-bred British-trained Thoroughbred racehorse and sire. He was unraced as a two-year-old in 1919 before emerging as a top-class stayer in the following year. In his first eight races as a three-year-old he won a minor race at Newmarket and the Ascot Derby but looked outpaced when tried over shorter distances. He recorded his biggest win on his final appearance when he recorded an upset victory over a strong field in the

title: Caligula (horse)

text: Caligula (horse) Caligula (1917 – after 1936) was an Irish-bred British-trained Thoroughbred racehorse and sire. He was unraced as a two-year-old in 1919 before emerging as a top-class stayer in the following year. In his first eight races as a three-year-old he won a minor race at Newmarket and the Ascot Derby but looked outpaced when tried over shorter distances. He recorded his biggest win on his final appearance when he recorded an upset victory over a strong field in the St Leger. After being briefly exported to India he stood as a breeding stallion at various European locations but

title: Caligula... The Untold Story

text: again on the beach with Messala, Caligula again approached by senators and praetorian guards and his uncle Claudius. Caligula announces that his project for a new Rome is cancelled and to tell the gods that he has woken from his dream. Ulmar, wearing the helmet from Caligula's dream, shoots two arrows through Messala's neck and Caligula's heart. Dying, Caligula says, "I'm still alive! Miriam, I'm still...alive." Uncredited: The film was shot in autumn 1981 under the working title "Follia del potere" (). The film was presented to the Italian board of censorship on March 6, 1982 under the title "Caligola...

title: Emperor Magus Caligula

text: Orias at a Dark Funeral concert in 2003, where he burnt a cross on Orias' arm at his request with a Cuban cigar. Caligula made an appearance in the Swedish zombie film Die Zombiejäger, playing a humorous part of a necrophile. Dark Funeral also provided two songs for the film, "Godhate", which is played during the film's opening credits and "Thus I Have Spoken", which is played during a fight scene. Studio releases Black Reign Emperor Magus Caligula Emperor Magus Caligula (Magnus "Masse" Broberg; born 23 May 1973) is a Swedish extreme metal musician best known as the former vocalist,

title: Caligula

text: led to several failed conspiracies against Caligula. Eventually, officers within the Praetorian Guard led by Cassius Chaerea succeeded in murdering the emperor. The plot is described as having been planned by three men, but many in the senate, army and equestrian order were said to have been informed of it and involved in it. The situation had escalated when, in 40 AD, Caligula announced to the Senate that he planned to leave Rome permanently and to move to Alexandria in Egypt, where he hoped to be worshiped as a living god. The prospect of Rome losing its emperor and thus

title: Caligula

text: became governor of the territories of Batanaea and Trachonitis after Caligula became emperor in AD 37. The cause of tensions in the east was complicated, involving the spread of Greek culture, Roman Law and the rights of Jews in the empire. Caligula did not trust the prefect of Egypt, Aulus Avilius Flaccus. Flaccus had been loyal to Tiberius, had conspired against Caligula's mother and had connections with Egyptian separatists. In AD 38, Caligula sent Agrippa to Alexandria unannounced to check on Flaccus. According to Philo, the visit was met with jeers from the Greek population who saw Agrippa as the

title: Caligula

text: actions in Britannia, and his feud with the Roman Senate. All surviving sources, except Pliny the Elder, characterize Caligula as insane. However, it is not known whether they are speaking figuratively or literally. Additionally, given Caligula's unpopularity among the surviving sources, it is difficult to separate fact from fiction. Recent sources are divided in attempting to ascribe a medical reason for his behavior, citing as possibilities encephalitis, epilepsy or meningitis. The question of whether or not Caligula was insane (especially after his illness early in his reign) remains unanswered. Philo of Alexandria, Josephus and Seneca state that Caligula was insane,

title: Caligula (film)

text: edited by Alexander Tuschinski, with the approval of Brass' family. Caligula is the young heir to the throne of his great uncle, the Emperor Tiberius. One morning, a blackbird flies into his room; Caligula considers this a bad omen. Shortly afterward, the head of the Praetorian Guard, Macro, tells Caligula that Tiberius demands his immediate presence at Capri, where the Emperor lives with his close friend Nerva, a dim-witted relative Claudius, and Caligula's younger stepbrother Gemellus. Fearing assassination, Caligula is afraid to leave but his sister and lover Drusilla persuades him to go. At Capri, Caligula finds that Tiberius has

title: Caligula (film)

text: Roman Senate. Drusilla, fearful of Macro's influence, persuades Caligula to get rid of him. Caligula sets up a mock trial in which Gemellus is intimidated into testifying that Macro murdered Tiberius, then has Macro's wife Ennia banished from Rome. After Macro is executed in a gruesome public game, Caligula appoints Tiberius' former adviser Longinus as his personal assistant while pronouncing the docile Senator Chaerea as the new head of the Praetorian Guard. Drusilla tries to find Caligula a wife among the priestesses of the goddess Isis, the cult they secretly practice. Caligula wants to marry Drusilla, but she insists they

title: Caligula

text: king of the Jews. Flaccus tried to placate both the Greek population and Caligula by having statues of the emperor placed in Jewish synagogues. As a result, riots broke out in the city. Caligula responded by removing Flaccus from his position and executing him. In AD 39, Agrippa accused Herod Antipas, the tetrarch of Galilee and Perea, of planning a rebellion against Roman rule with the help of Parthia. Herod Antipas confessed and Caligula exiled him. Agrippa was rewarded with his territories. Riots again erupted in Alexandria in AD 40 between Jews and Greeks. Jews were accused of not honouring

title: Caligula

text: its political power was the final straw for many. Such a move would have left both the Senate and the Praetorian Guard powerless to stop Caligula's repression and debauchery. With this in mind Chaerea convinced his fellow conspirators, who included Marcus Vinicius and Lucius Annius Vinicianus, to put their plot into action quickly. According to Josephus, Chaerea had political motivations for the assassination. Suetonius sees the motive in Caligula calling Chaerea derogatory names. Caligula considered Chaerea effeminate because of a weak voice and for not being firm with tax collection. Caligula would mock Chaerea with names like "Priapus" and "Venus".

title: Caligula

text: details on Caligula's early reign, but mostly focus on events surrounding the Jewish population in Judea and Egypt with whom he sympathizes. Seneca's various works give mostly scattered anecdotes on Caligula's personality. Seneca was almost put to death by Caligula in AD 39 likely due to his associations with conspirators. At one time, there were detailed contemporaneous histories on Caligula, but they are now lost. Additionally, the historians who wrote them are described as biased, either overly critical or praising of Caligula. Nonetheless, these lost primary sources, along with the works of Seneca and Philo, were the basis of surviving

title: Caligula (horse)

text: and then recorded his first success in a minor race under a light weight of 100 pounds. Later that month he ran disappointingly when 1/3 favourite for a race at York Racecourse in May. In June, it became apparent that Lord Wilton, who was well known for his heavy betting, was experiencing financial difficulties: he withdrew Caligula from the Derby and was forced to cancel a "large private luncheon party". At Royal Ascot in June Caligula, ridden by Joe Childs started at odds of 10/1 for the Ascot Derby and won "easily" from Paladin and Novello, while the leading fancies

title: Caligula (film)

text: Martin also gave the film 3 out of 5. Writers for "The Hamilton Spectator" and "St. Louis Post-Dispatch" said "Caligula" was one of the worst films they'd seen. Writing for The A.V. Club, Keith Phipps said, "As a one-of-a-kind marriage of the historical epic and the porn film ... "Caligula" deserves a look. But it might be better to let Guccione's savagely unpleasant folly fade into the century that spawned it". "Caligula" is considered to be a "cult classic". Helen Mirren described "Caligula" as "an irresistible mix of art and genitals". In 2005, artist Francesco Vezzoli produced a fake trailer

title: Caligula (band)

text: Caligula (band) Caligula were a band from Sydney, Australia, who produced techno-grunge music in the early 1990s and achieved some national success. Caligula was composed of five members: vocalist Ashley Rothschild, guitarist James McKinnon, drummer Dave Macken, Jamie Fonti (keyboards and backing singer), and bass guitarist Sean Fonti. The band also included Mitchell Foley at one stage. Caligula toured and supported Depeche Mode, Pop Will Eat Itself, Ned's Atomic Dustbin, The Beastie Boys, Buzzcocks, Carter USM, Jesus Jones, Scatterbrain, and Ride, as well as many different Australian acts. In 1994, they released the album "Rubenesque" and received national airplay on

title: Caligula (band)

text: "Liquidity Instrumental" 01. "So Fine (Why Can't You See?)" 02. "So Fine (Why Can't You See?) (Acoustic Version)" 03. "Regression" Caligula (band) Caligula were a band from Sydney, Australia, who produced techno-grunge music in the early 1990s and achieved some national success. Caligula was composed of five members: vocalist Ashley Rothschild, guitarist James McKinnon, drummer Dave Macken, Jamie Fonti (keyboards and backing singer), and bass guitarist Sean Fonti. The band also included Mitchell Foley at one stage. Caligula toured and supported Depeche Mode, Pop Will Eat Itself, Ned's Atomic Dustbin, The Beastie Boys, Buzzcocks, Carter USM, Jesus Jones, Scatterbrain, and

title: The Caligula Effect

text: "The Caligula Effect" was developed by FuRyu and published worldwide by Atlus USA. It was directed by Takuya Yamanaka, with character designs by Oguchi. It was written by Tadashi Satomi, who had previously worked on the first three games in the "Persona" series – "", "" and "". The music was written by former "Megami Tensei" series composer Tsukasa Masuko, and the theme song is performed by a three-person group: Eriko Nakamura, Emi Nitta and Yuka Ōtsubo. The developers define "Caligula" as a "next-generation juvenile RPG" focusing on modern pathology and trauma. The characters were said to violate a variety

title: The Caligula Effect

text: shallow character bonding system, the long length of battles and the poor performance of the game on the PlayStation Vita. It was the second best selling video game in Japan during its opening week, with 31,243 copies sold. During its second week, it dropped to eleventh place, with an additional 7,289 copies sold. The PlayStation 4 version sold 20,399 copies within its first week on sale in Japan, placing it at first on the all format sales chart. The Caligula Effect The Caligula Effect is a role-playing video game developed by FuRyu. It was released for the PlayStation Vita in

title: Caligula... The Untold Story

text: continue to plot against him, discussing their options. In his nightmares, Caligula is visited by the shades of Aetius and Miriam. On the beach, Miriam Celsia, an Egyptian priestess of Anubis and close friend of Livia's, speaks against a Christian burial - Livia's God failed to defend her - and in favour of cremation according to Anubis, who speaks of vengeance. The Christians comply. Lucretius presents sumptious construction plans to Caligula and a group of senators. To finance the project, Caligula announces he will auction off all his things at a banquet with beautiful women and costly admission. He then

title: Caligula

text: the emperor. Disputes occurred in the city of Jamnia. Jews were angered by the erection of a clay altar and destroyed it. In response, Caligula ordered the erection of a statue of himself in the Jewish Temple of Jerusalem, a demand in conflict with Jewish monotheism. In this context, Philo wrote that Caligula "regarded the Jews with most especial suspicion, as if they were the only persons who cherished wishes opposed to his". The Governor of Syria, Publius Petronius, fearing civil war if the order were carried out, delayed implementing it for nearly a year. Agrippa finally convinced Caligula to

title: Caligula

text: from Caligula's seizure of public carriages; according to Seneca, grain imports were disrupted because Caligula re-purposed grain boats for a pontoon bridge. Despite financial difficulties, Caligula embarked on a number of construction projects during his reign. Some were for the public good, though others were for himself. Josephus describes Caligula's improvements to the harbours at Rhegium and Sicily, allowing increased grain imports from Egypt, as his greatest contributions. These improvements may have been in response to the famine. Caligula completed the temple of Augustus and the theatre of Pompey and began an amphitheatre beside the Saepta. He expanded the imperial

title: Caligula

text: On 22 January 41 AD (Suetonius gives the date as 24 January), Cassius Chaerea and other guardsmen accosted Caligula as he addressed an acting troupe of young men beneath the palace, during a series of games and dramatics being held for the Divine Augustus. Details recorded on the events vary somewhat from source to source, but they agree that Chaerea stabbed Caligula first, followed by a number of conspirators. Suetonius records that Caligula's death resembled that of Julius Caesar. He states that both the elder Gaius Julius Caesar (Julius Caesar) and the younger Gaius Julius Caesar (Caligula) were stabbed 30

title: Amphitheater of Caligula

text: Amphitheater of Caligula The Amphitheater of Caligula (Latin : "Amphitheatrum Caligulae") was an amphitheater, built during the reign of the emperor Caligula and demolished only a few years after its construction. It was sited on the Campus Martius in Rome, probably near the Saepta Julia, since the inscription mentioning it was just to the north of the Saepta. Work was begun on the amphitheater between 37 and 41 by Caligula, who wished to give Rome a second stone amphitheater alongside that of Statilius Taurus. Still incomplete on his death, it was abandoned and demolished by Claudius. Around 46, Claudius repaired

title: Caligula (musical)

text: Caligula (musical) Caligula, subtitled "An Ancient Glam Epic", is a stage musical which tells the story of the notorious Roman Emperor Caligula in the style of 1970s glam rock. The musical's book, music, and lyrics are by Eric Svejcar. The musical was selected as a finalist for the 2003 Richard Rodgers Award. It was first presented publicly in May, 2004 in a concert production at the Zipper Theatre in New York City. The first full production was presented at the 2004 New York Musical Theatre Festival (NYMF) as one of the first shows of the inaugural festival. The production received

title: Caligula (musical)

text: World Stages in NYC. A Broadway production is reportedly planned. Caligula (musical) Caligula, subtitled "An Ancient Glam Epic", is a stage musical which tells the story of the notorious Roman Emperor Caligula in the style of 1970s glam rock. The musical's book, music, and lyrics are by Eric Svejcar. The musical was selected as a finalist for the 2003 Richard Rodgers Award. It was first presented publicly in May, 2004 in a concert production at the Zipper Theatre in New York City. The first full production was presented at the 2004 New York Musical Theatre Festival (NYMF) as one of

title: Caligula (horse)

text: the straight Black Gauntlet was in front but Caligula, ridden by Arthur Smith, took the lead approaching the final furlong and held off a challenge from Silvern to win by half a length, with three lengths back to Lady James Douglas's Manton (a 33/1 outsider) in third place. Caligula's victory was surprising from a pedigree viewpoint as The Tetrarch's stock had previously been regarded as deficient in stamina. Caligula earned £7,941 in 1920, making him the second most financially successful horse of the season behind the 1000 Guineas winner Cinna. It was reported that Goculdas had imported Caligula in late

title: Caligula (film)

text: cannot marry because she is his sister. Instead, Caligula marries Caesonia, a priestess and notorious courtesan, after she bears him an heir. Drusilla reluctantly supports their marriage. Meanwhile, despite Caligula's popularity with the masses, the Senate expresses disapproval for what initially seem to be light eccentricities. Darker aspects of Caligula's personality emerge when he rapes a bride and groom on their wedding day in a minor fit of jealousy and orders Gemellus's execution to provoke a reaction from Drusilla. After discovering that Caesonia is pregnant, Caligula suffers severe fever. Drusilla nurses him back to health. Just as he fully recovers,

title: Caligula (play)

text: Caligula (play) Caligula is a play written by Albert Camus, begun in 1938 (the date of the first manuscript 1939) and published for the first time in May 1944 by Éditions Gallimard. The play was later the subject of numerous revisions. It was part of what the author called the "Cycle of the Absurd", with the novel "The Stranger" (1942) and the essay "The Myth of Sisyphus" (1942). A number of critics have reported the piece to be existentialist; however, Camus always denied belonging to this philosophy. Its plot revolves around the historical figure of Caligula, a Roman Emperor famed

title: Caligula (film)

text: "The Globe and Mail", said, ""Caligula" doesn't really work on any level". Scott unfavourably compared "Caligula" with "In the Realm of the Senses", describing the latter film as a better treatment of extreme sexuality. Scott's review went on to say "Rome would seem to be at least as fecund a territory for the cinematic exploration of sex, death and money, as pre-war Japan ... but what's missing from "Caligula", which is rife with all three, is any connective tissue (also any point of view, any thought, any meaning)". Scott concluded his review by claiming the whole film's production was "a

title: Caligula... The Untold Story

text: on December 15, 1982. It premiered in Rome on December 24, 1982 and was shown at the Ambasciatori, the Blue Moon and the Moderno. In Milan, it premiered on March 26, 1983 at the Impero and in Turin on June 24, 1983 at the Ambrosio. In France, the film was released theatrically as "Caligula "la véritable histoire"" in June 1983. In Spain, a soft version was theatrically released as "Caligula 3, la historia jamás contada", with 231.236 spectators and a gross corresponding to 264.977 euro. On Italian home video, the film was released in its softcore versions on VHS by

title: Emperor Magus Caligula

text: Osama bin Laden, with his audience when playing live. He has also denounced Roman Catholic priests due to widespread child molestation allegations. Caligula was quoted as being "somewhat impressed" by the premeditated murder of Fr. Faustino Gazziero, a Catholic priest, by Dark Funeral fan Rodrigo Orias at the Metropolitan Cathedral in Santiago, Chile, further stating that "He deserves some credit. You're not supposed to say that, but I don't care." Although he suggested the possibility that "the music triggered him somehow," he denied Dark Funeral's music being the direct cause of Orias' murder of Gazziero. Caligula also recalled having met

title: Caligula... The Untold Story

text: core, the film develops an ill-fated romance between the emperor and an Egyptian slave who wants to take revenge on him for her friend's death. "Caligula... The Untold Story" was released in Italy and internationally in cinemas and on home video in many different softcore and hardcore versions. Roman Emperor Gaius Caesar Caligula, alone on his bed, is plagued by nightmares in which a man whose head is covered by a helmet tries to shoot him with an arrow. The poet Domitius approaches and tries to assassinate him with a dagger, but his attempt is thwarted by Ulmar, Caligula's bodyguard.

title: Caligula

text: procuring the support of the Praetorian Guard. He ordered the execution of Chaerea and of any other known conspirators involved in the death of Caligula. According to Suetonius, Caligula's body was placed under turf until it was burned and entombed by his sisters. He was buried within the Mausoleum of Augustus; in 410, during the Sack of Rome, the ashes in the tomb were scattered. The history of Caligula's reign is extremely problematic as only two sources contemporary with Caligula have survived — the works of Philo and Seneca. Philo's works, "On the Embassy to Gaius" and "Flaccus", give some

title: Caligula

text: breastplate of Alexander the Great. This act was in defiance of a prediction by Tiberius's soothsayer Thrasyllus of Mendes that Caligula had "no more chance of becoming emperor than of riding a horse across the Bay of Baiae". Caligula had two large ships constructed for himself (which were recovered from the bottom of Lake Nemi around 1930). The ships were among the largest vessels in the ancient world. The smaller ship was designed as a temple dedicated to Diana. The larger ship was essentially an elaborate floating palace with marble floors and plumbing. The ships were burned in 1944 during

title: Caligula

text: uprising took place, which was subdued by Gaius Suetonius Paulinus and Gnaeus Hosidius Geta, and the division only took place after this. This confusion might mean that Caligula decided to divide the province, but the division was postponed because of the rebellion. The first known equestrian governor of the two provinces was Marcus Fadius Celer Flavianus, in office in AD 44. Details on the Mauretanian events of 39–44 are unclear. Cassius Dio wrote an entire chapter on the annexation of Mauretania by Caligula, but it is now lost. Caligula's move seemingly had a strictly personal political motive – fear and

title: Caligula

text: Asia and two temples were erected for worship of him in Rome. The Temple of Castor and Pollux on the forum was linked directly to the imperial residence on the Palatine and dedicated to Caligula. He would appear there on occasion and present himself as a god to the public. Caligula had the heads removed from various statues of gods located across Rome and replaced them with his own. It is said that he wished to be worshipped as ""Neos Helios,"" the "New Sun." Indeed, he was represented as a sun god on Egyptian coins. Caligula's religious policy was a

title: Caligula

text: rival. After the death of his father, Caligula lived with his mother until her relations with Tiberius deteriorated. Tiberius would not allow Agrippina to remarry for fear her husband would be a rival. Agrippina and Caligula's brother, Nero, were banished in 29 AD on charges of treason. The adolescent Caligula was then sent to live with his great-grandmother (and Tiberius's mother) Livia. After her death, he was sent to live with his grandmother Antonia Minor. In 30 AD, his brother, Drusus Caesar, was imprisoned on charges of treason and his brother Nero died in exile from either starvation or suicide.

title: Caligula

text: and the Anio Novus. During his reign, the empire annexed the client kingdom of Mauretania as a province. In early AD 41, Caligula was assassinated as a result of a conspiracy by officers of the Praetorian Guard, senators, and courtiers. The conspirators' attempt to use the opportunity to restore the Roman Republic was thwarted, however. On the day of the assassination of Caligula, the Praetorians declared Caligula's uncle, Claudius, the next Roman emperor. Although the Julio-Claudian dynasty continued to rule the empire until the fall of his nephew Nero in AD 68, Caligula's death marked the official end of the

title: Caligula

text: a city high up in the Alps. He planned to dig a canal through the Isthmus of Corinth in Greece and sent a chief centurion to survey the work. In 39, Caligula performed a spectacular stunt by ordering a temporary floating bridge to be built using ships as pontoons, stretching for over two miles from the resort of Baiae to the neighbouring port of Puteoli. It was said that the bridge was to rival the Persian king Xerxes' pontoon bridge crossing of the Hellespont. Caligula, who could not swim, then proceeded to ride his favourite horse, Incitatus, across wearing the

title: Caligula

text: on 16 March 37 AD, his estate and the titles of the principate were left to Caligula and Tiberius's own grandson, Gemellus, who were to serve as joint heirs. Although Tiberius was 77 and on his death bed, some ancient historians still conjecture that he was murdered. Tacitus writes that the Praetorian Prefect, Macro, smothered Tiberius with a pillow to hasten Caligula's accession, much to the joy of the Roman people, while Suetonius writes that Caligula may have carried out the killing, though this is not recorded by any other ancient historian. Seneca the Elder and Philo, who both wrote

title: Caligula (play)

text: for his cruelty and seemingly insane behavior. The play shows Caligula, Roman Emperor, torn by the death of Drusilla, his sister and lover. In Camus' version of events, Caligula eventually deliberately manipulates his own assassination. (Historically, this event took place January 24, AD 41.) Here is the theme of the play presented by the author himself (in the U.S. edition of "Theater" in 1957): "Caligula, a relatively kind prince so far, realizes on the death of Drusilla, his sister and his mistress, that "men die and they are not happy." Therefore, obsessed by the quest for the Absolute and poisoned

title: Caligula (film)

text: only Caesonia is frightened of it. The next morning, after rehearsing an Egyptian play, Caligula and his family are attacked in a coup headed by Cassius. Caesonia and Julia are murdered, and Cassius stabs Caligula in the stomach. With his final breath, the Emperor defiantly whimpers "I live!" as Caligula and his family's bodies are thrown down the stadium's steps and their blood is washed off the marble floor. Claudius witnesses the entire ordeal and becomes traumatized, despite the people proclaiming him the new Emperor. The men's magazine "Penthouse" had long been involved in film funding, helping invest in films

title: Caligula (horse)

text: September to India with the intention of racing him at least once (in the Viceroy's Cup) before standing him at stud. Later reports suggested that Goculdas had brought the colt to India simply to look at him before returning Caligula to England to begin his career as a breeding stallion. In their book, "A Century of Champions", based on the Timeform rating system, John Randall and Tony Morris rated Caligula an "inferior" winner of the St Leger. Caligula stood as a breeding stallion in Britain, Germany and France, with his last foals being born in 1938. He had fertility problems

title: Caligula (film)

text: Caesonia bears him a daughter, Julia Drusilla. During the celebration, Drusilla collapses with the same fever he suffered. Soon afterward, Caligula receives another ill omen in the form of a blackbird. Despite his praying to Isis out of desperation, Drusilla dies from her fever. Initially unable to accept her death, Caligula suffers a nervous breakdown and rampages through the palace, destroying a statue of Isis while clutching Drusilla's body. Now in a deep depression, Caligula walks the Roman streets disguised as a beggar; he causes a disturbance after watching an amateur performance mocking his relationship with Drusilla. After a brief

title: Caligula

text: Caligula's irritability and his "stare" as described by Pliny the Elder. On 17 January 2011, police in Nemi, Italy, announced that they believed they had discovered the site of Caligula's burial, after arresting a thief caught smuggling a statue which they believed to be of the emperor. The claim has been met with scepticism by Cambridge historian Mary Beard. Welsh actor Emlyn Williams was cast as Caligula in the never-completed 1937 film "I, Claudius". American actor Jay Robinson famously portrayed a sinister and scene-stealing Caligula in two epic films of the 1950s, "The Robe" (1953) and its sequel "Demetrius and

title: Caligula

text: been sent into exile. He helped those who had been harmed by the imperial tax system, banished certain sexual deviants, and put on lavish spectacles for the public, including gladiatorial games. Caligula collected and brought back the bones of his mother and of his brothers and deposited their remains in the tomb of Augustus. In October 37 AD, Caligula fell seriously ill, or perhaps was poisoned. He soon recovered from his illness, but many believed that the illness turned the young emperor toward the diabolical: he started to kill off or exile those who were close to him or whom

title: Caligula

text: departure from that of his predecessors. According to Cassius Dio, living emperors could be worshipped as divine in the east and dead emperors could be worshipped as divine in Rome. Augustus had the public worship his spirit on occasion, but Dio describes this as an extreme act that emperors generally shied away from. Caligula took things a step further and had those in Rome, including senators, worship him as a tangible, living god. Caligula needed to quell several riots and conspiracies in the eastern territories during his reign. Aiding him in his actions was his good friend, Herod Agrippa, who

title: Caligula

text: he saw as a serious threat. Perhaps his illness reminded him of his mortality and of the desire of others to advance into his place. He had his cousin and adopted son Tiberius Gemellus executed – an act that outraged Caligula's and Gemellus's mutual grandmother Antonia Minor. She is said to have committed suicide, although Suetonius hints that Caligula actually poisoned her. He had his father-in-law Marcus Junius Silanus and his brother-in-law Marcus Lepidus executed as well. His uncle Claudius was spared only because Caligula preferred to keep him as a laughing stock. His favourite sister Julia Drusilla died in

title: Amphitheater of Caligula

text: the Aqua Virgo, damaged by the construction of the amphitheater. His restoration was marked by an inscription on the Arch of Claudius, which formed part of the aqueduct and spans the Via Lata - this includes the phrase "[…] AQUAE VIRGINIS DISTVRBATOS PER C(AIVM) CAESAREM" (of the Aqua Virgo, damaged by C[aius] Caesar). Amphitheater of Caligula The Amphitheater of Caligula (Latin : "Amphitheatrum Caligulae") was an amphitheater, built during the reign of the emperor Caligula and demolished only a few years after its construction. It was sited on the Campus Martius in Rome, probably near the Saepta Julia, since the

title: Our Movie Made Children

text: Movie Made Children", aimed at middle class mothers and religious groups, echoed the pro-censorship attitude behind the Payne Fund, and dramatized the threats movies posted to children. Criticized today as "emotional and inflammatory" the book, in its time was widely read because, although each study and the popular summary was to be an independently written volume of a series, Forman’s book was the first published and therefore often viewed, at the time, as the "authoritative public source". Although Charters stated he had examined the accuracy of the claims made in "Our Movie Made Children" in his introduction to the book,

title: Caligula... The Untold Story

text: Domitius ends up losing his tongue and having his tendons cut at Caligula's behest. Riding along the beach with Messala, Caligula encounters a group of Christians, among whom he spots Livia. Attracted by her, he later rapes her in the woods in front of her young lover Aetius, the son of a consul. Livia commits suicide with Caligula's dagger while being raped. Caligula orders Messala to kill Aetius on the spot. He then spreads the word that they were killed by fanatical Christians, and persecutes them. The conspiring senators, however, do not believe that the peaceful Christians were responsible and

title: Emperor Magus Caligula

text: Emperor Magus Caligula Emperor Magus Caligula (Magnus "Masse" Broberg; born 23 May 1973) is a Swedish extreme metal musician best known as the former vocalist, bassist and lyricist of Swedish black metal band Dark Funeral, performing for the band between 1995 and 2010. He has also been the vocalist of death metal bands Demonoid, replacing Christofer Johnsson, and Sanctification. He was the original vocalist for Hypocrisy and has featured in other extreme metal bands including Dominion-Caligula (with former Dark Funeral secondary guitarist Dominion) and God Among Insects. He has also performed backing vocals for the Swedish black metal band Sportlov.

title: Caligula

text: 38 AD of a fever: his other two sisters, Livilla and Agrippina the Younger, were exiled. He hated being the grandson of Agrippa and slandered Augustus by repeating a falsehood that his mother was actually conceived as the result of an incestuous relationship between Augustus and his daughter Julia the Elder. In AD 38, Caligula focused his attention on political and public reform. He published the accounts of public funds, which had not been made public during the reign of Tiberius. He aided those who lost property in fires, abolished certain taxes, and gave out prizes to the public at

title: Caligula

text: Caligula, although he is described as a noble and moderate emperor during the first six months of his rule. After this, the sources focus upon his cruelty, sadism, extravagance, and sexual perversion, presenting him as an insane tyrant. While the reliability of these sources is questionable, it is known that during his brief reign, Caligula worked to increase the unconstrained personal power of the emperor, as opposed to countervailing powers within the principate. He directed much of his attention to ambitious construction projects and luxurious dwellings for himself, and initiated the construction of two aqueducts in Rome: the Aqua Claudia

title: Caligula

text: an attack in the Second World War; almost nothing remains of their hulls, though many archaeological treasures remain intact in the museum at Lake Nemi and in the Museo Nazionale Romano (Palazzo Massimo) at Rome. In AD 39, relations between Caligula and the Roman Senate deteriorated. The subject of their disagreement is unknown. A number of factors, though, aggravated this feud. The Senate had become accustomed to ruling without an emperor between the departure of Tiberius for Capri in AD 26 and Caligula's accession. Additionally, Tiberius's treason trials had eliminated a number of pro-Julian senators such as Asinius Gallus. Caligula

title: Our Movie Made Children

text: quality, morally agreeable products. Our Movie Made Children Our Movie Made Children was written by Henry James Forman and published in May 1933. Commissioned by W.W. Charters, the Chairman of the Committee on Educational Research of the Payne Fund, Forman was "entrusted the task of preparing a popular summary" of the conclusions found by the various scholars who conducted the studies. The investigations were conducted between 1929 and 1933 at the request of the Motion Picture Research Council and include: The Payne Fund, an organization "interested in the radio, motion pictures and reading in relation to children and youth", supported

title: Our Movie Made Children

text: Our Movie Made Children Our Movie Made Children was written by Henry James Forman and published in May 1933. Commissioned by W.W. Charters, the Chairman of the Committee on Educational Research of the Payne Fund, Forman was "entrusted the task of preparing a popular summary" of the conclusions found by the various scholars who conducted the studies. The investigations were conducted between 1929 and 1933 at the request of the Motion Picture Research Council and include: The Payne Fund, an organization "interested in the radio, motion pictures and reading in relation to children and youth", supported these independent studies. "Our

title: Caligula (film)

text: strong focus on homosexuality, leading Guccione to demand rewrites which toned down the homosexual content for wider audience appeal. Guccione was concerned that Vidal's script contained several homosexual sex scenes and only one scene of heterosexual sex, which was between Caligula and his sister Drusilla. Vidal was paid for his screenplay, which was titled "Gore Vidal's Caligula". Elaborate sets were built by production designer Danilo Donati, who also designed the film's costumes, jewelry, hair styles, wigs and makeup. Several mainstream actors were cast, Guccione intending to make a film which he felt, like "Citizen Kane", would be a landmark in

title: Julia Drusilla (daughter of Caligula)

text: date of her parents' marriage has not been determined for certain, but it is known that it was sometime in the summer of AD 39. When Drusilla, as the child was called, was born, Caligula took her to a temple that housed statues of goddesses and placed her on the lap of Minerva, instructing the goddess to nurse and train his new daughter. The reason for Caligula's hasty marriage with the neither young nor beautiful Milonia Caesonia was the purported illegitimacy of his daughter: should Caligula marry his daughter's mother, the child would become his heir. The order of events

title: Caligula (film)

text: result, Brass also disavowed the film. "Caligula"s release was met with legal issues and controversies over its violent and sexual content. Its uncut form remains banned in several countries. Although reviews were overwhelmingly negative (though McDowell's performance as the title character and O'Toole's performance as Tiberius were praised), "Caligula" is now considered to be a cult classic in retrospect, and its political content is considered to have significant merit. The script was later adapted into a novelization written by William Johnston, working under the pseudonym William Howard. In 2018, Penthouse announced that a new cut of the film was being

title: Caligula (play)

text: 1941, re-published in 1984, in the compilation "Cahiers Albert Camus". The changes between the versions show the effect of World War II on Camus. The play is the basis for the 2006 German-language opera of the same name by Glanert. Caligula (play) Caligula is a play written by Albert Camus, begun in 1938 (the date of the first manuscript 1939) and published for the first time in May 1944 by Éditions Gallimard. The play was later the subject of numerous revisions. It was part of what the author called the "Cycle of the Absurd", with the novel "The Stranger" (1942)

title: Caligula (horse)

text: his horses race. With Caligula scheduled to run in the St Leger but unable to do so under Wilton's ownership, Harvey Leader embarked on a search for a new owner for the colt and a week before the race arranged his sale to the Indian industrialist and businessman Mathradas Goculdas. The sale was private but the price was reported to be approximately 8,000 guineas. On 8 September, in front of an exceptionally large crowd at Doncaster Racecourse, Caligula stated at odds of 100/6 (approximately 16.7/1) for the 145th running of the St Leger over fourteen and a half furlongs. Shortly

title: Caligula (film)

text: done and Tinto's work was about to begin". The film's primary theme is "absolute power corrupts absolutely". Vidal's script presented Caligula as a good man driven to madness by absolute power; Brass' screenplay envisioned Caligula as a "born monster". In "The Encyclopedia of Epic Films", author Djoymi Baker describes Brass' screenplay as "an antiepic with an antihero, on a path of self-inflicted, antisocial descent". Guccione said this final draft was more violent than sexual, stating, "I maintain the film is actually anti-erotic ... in every one of its scenes you'll find a mixture of gore or violence or some other

title: Caligula (film)

text: box office hits. "Caligula" grossed at the box office, becoming the highest-grossing pornographic film ever produced independently. The film was a financial success in France, Germany, Switzerland, Belgium, the Netherlands and Japan. A 105-minute R-rated version without the explicit sexual material was released in 1981. The script was adapted into a novelization written by William Johnston, working under the pseudonym William Howard. "Caligula" was released on DVD and Blu-Ray in an "Imperial Edition", which featured the unrated theatrical release version and a new version featuring alternative sequencing from the original theatrical release and without the explicit sexual content shot by

title: Caligula (anime)

text: Murakawa, Ari Ozawa, and Rie Takahashi. The series ran for 12 episodes. Crunchyroll streamed the series. Caligula (anime) The voice actors for the cast differ slightly from the game. FuRyu announced during a livestream presentation that "The Caligula Effect" was to be adapted into a television anime. It premiered in April 2018. The anime is directed by Junichi Wada at Satelight, with Touko Machida handled the series composition, Kenji Tanabe designed the characters based on Oguchi's original design, and Yasuharu Takanashi alongside Funta7, Tsukasa Masuko, Kenji Iwata, and RegaSound composed the music. The opening theme song is "Paradigm Box" by

title: Caligula (anime)

text: Caligula (anime) The voice actors for the cast differ slightly from the game. FuRyu announced during a livestream presentation that "The Caligula Effect" was to be adapted into a television anime. It premiered in April 2018. The anime is directed by Junichi Wada at Satelight, with Touko Machida handled the series composition, Kenji Tanabe designed the characters based on Oguchi's original design, and Yasuharu Takanashi alongside Funta7, Tsukasa Masuko, Kenji Iwata, and RegaSound composed the music. The opening theme song is "Paradigm Box" by Chiharu Sawashiro and Shunsuke Takeuchi, while the ending theme song is "Hypno" by Minami Tanaka, Rie