query: What are John C. Calhoun and Henry Clay known as?

title: Henry Clay

text: a Senate Committee selected Clay as one of the five greatest U.S. Senators, along with Daniel Webster, John C. Calhoun, Robert La Follette, and Robert A. Taft. Maintained and operated as a museum, today Clay's estate of Ashland includes of the original estate grounds. It is located on Richmond Road (US 25) in Lexington. It is open to the public (admission charged). Many monuments and memorials honor Clay. Counties in sixteen different states are named for Clay and the United States Navy named a submarine (the USS "Henry Clay") in his honor. Henry Clay Henry Clay Sr. (April 12, 1777

title: Henry Clay

text: Clay brokered important agreements during the Nullification Crisis and on the slavery issue. As part of the "Great Triumvirate" or "Immortal Trio", along with his colleagues Daniel Webster and John C. Calhoun, he was instrumental in formulating the Missouri Compromise of 1820, the Compromise Tariff of 1833, and the Compromise of 1850 to ease sectional tensions. He was viewed as the primary representative of Western interests in this group, and was nicknamed "Harry of the West" and "The Western Star". Henry Clay was born on April 12, 1777, at the Clay homestead in Hanover County, Virginia, in a story-and-a-half frame

title: John C. Calhoun

text: above. The "Immortal Trio" (Calhoun, Daniel Webster, and Henry Clay) were memorialized with streets in Uptown New Orleans. Calhoun Landing, on the Santee-Cooper River in Santee, South Carolina, was named after him. In 1887, a monument to Calhoun was erected in Marion Square, Charleston; it was not well-liked by the residents and was replaced in 1896 by a different monument that still stands. The USS "JohnC. Calhoun", in commission from 1963 to 1994, was a Fleet Ballistic Missile nuclear submarine. The Calhoun-Isles Community Band in the Uptown district of Minneapolis, Minnesota changed its name to City of Lakes Community Band

title: John C. Calhoun

text: other powerful senators who opposed the administration such as Webster and Clay did witness the inauguration. However, by 1837 Calhoun generally had realigned himself with most of the Democrats' policies. To restore his national stature, Calhoun cooperated with Van Buren. Democrats were hostile to national banks, and the country's bankers had joined the Whig Party. The Democratic replacement, meant to help combat the Panic of 1837, was the Independent Treasury system, which Calhoun supported and which went into effect. Calhoun, like Jackson and Van Buren, attacked finance capitalism and opposed what he saw as encroachment by government and big business.

title: John C. Calhoun

text: that slavery, rather than being a "necessary evil," was a "positive good," benefiting both slaves and slave owners. To protect minority rights against majority rule, he called for a concurrent majority whereby the minority could sometimes block proposals that it felt infringed on their liberties. To this end, Calhoun supported states' rights and nullification, through which states could declare null and void federal laws that they viewed as unconstitutional. Calhoun was one of the "Great Triumvirate" or the "Immortal Trio" of Congressional leaders, along with his Congressional colleagues Daniel Webster and Henry Clay. In 1957, a Senate Committee headed by

title: John C. Calhoun

text: Senator John F. Kennedy selected Calhoun as one of the five greatest United States Senators of all time. John Caldwell Calhoun was born in Abbeville District, South Carolina on March 18, 1782, the fourth child of Patrick Calhoun (1727–1796) and his wife Martha Caldwell. Patrick's father, also named Patrick Calhoun, had joined the Scotch-Irish immigration movement from County Donegal to southwestern Pennsylvania. After the death of the elder Patrick in 1741, the family moved to southwestern Virginia. Following the defeat of British General Edward Braddock at the Battle of the Monongahela in 1755, the family, fearing Indian attacks, moved to

title: John C. Calhoun

text: of the "concurrent majority." He is also noted and criticized for his strong defense of slavery. These positions played an enormous role in influencing Southern secessionist leaders by strengthening the trend of sectionalism, thus contributing to the Civil War. During his lifetime and after, Calhoun was seen as one of the Senate's most important figures. In 1957, a Senate committee chaired by John F. Kennedy selected Calhoun as one of the five greatest United States senators in history. Biographer Irving Bartlett wrote: Calhoun is often held in high regard by the Southern Lost Cause historians, who hold a romanticized view

title: John Bell (Tennessee politician)

text: state's admission, and clashed over the issue on the Senate floor with fellow Southern senators John C. Calhoun and John M. Berrien. Bell offered a compromise that would have allowed California to be admitted, and would have split New Mexico and a portion of western Texas into three new states, one free, and two slave states. In May, this compromise was shelved in favor of the package of bills proposed by Henry Clay, subsequently known as the Compromise of 1850. Bell mostly supported Clay's compromise, voting for the admission of California and the agreement on the territorial boundaries for New

title: John C. Calhoun

text: the presidency: Andrew Jackson, John Quincy Adams, William H. Crawford, and Henry Clay. Calhoun failed to win the endorsement of the South Carolina legislature, and his supporters in Pennsylvania decided to abandon his candidacy in favor of Jackson's, and instead supported him for vice president. Other states soon followed, and Calhoun therefore allowed himself to become a candidate for vice president rather than president. The Electoral College elected Calhoun vice president by a landslide. He won 182 votes out of 261 electoral votes, while five other men received the remaining votes. No presidential candidate received a majority in the Electoral

title: John C. Calhoun

text: Wiltse noted Calhoun's evolution, "Though he is known today primarily for his sectionalism, Calhoun was the last of the great political leaders of his time to take a sectional position—later than Daniel Webster, later than Henry Clay, later than Adams himself." In 1817, the deplorable state of the War Department led four men to decline offers from President James Monroe to accept the office of Secretary of War before Calhoun finally assumed the role. Calhoun took office on December 8 and served until 1825. He continued his role as a leading nationalist during the Era of Good Feelings. He proposed

title: John C. Calhoun

text: Tariff of 1832 and the Tariff of 1828, to be null and void as of February 1, 1833. In response, Jackson sent U.S. Navy warships to Charleston harbor, and threatened to hang Calhoun or any man who worked to support nullification or secession. After joining the Senate, Calhoun began to work with Clay on a new compromise tariff. A bill sponsored by the administration had been introduced by Representative Gulian C. Verplanck of New York, but it lowered rates more sharply than Clay and other protectionists desired. Clay managed to get Calhoun to agree to a bill with higher rates

title: John C. Calhoun

text: won election to the House of Representatives in 1810. He immediately became a leader of the War Hawks, along with Speaker Henry Clay of Kentucky and South Carolina congressmen William Lowndes and Langdon Cheves. Brushing aside the vehement objections of both anti-war New Englanders and arch-conservative Jeffersonians led by John Randolph of Roanoke, they demanded war against Britain to preserve American honor and republican values, which had been violated by the British refusal to recognize American shipping rights. As a member, and later acting chairman, of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, Calhoun played a major role in drafting two key

title: John C. Calhoun II

text: He was buried at the Saint Philips Episcopal Church Cemetery in Charleston, South Carolina. John C. Calhoun II John Caldwell Calhoun II (1843-1918) was an American planter and businessman. He was a large landowner in Chicot County, Arkansas and a Director of railroad companies. He was a prominent financier and developer of the "New South". He was born on July 9, 1843 in Demopolis, Alabama. His father, Andrew Pickens Calhoun, was a planter. He had a brother, Patrick Calhoun. His paternal grandfather, John C. Calhoun, served as the Vice President of the United States from 1825 to 1829. He was

title: John C. Calhoun II

text: John C. Calhoun II John Caldwell Calhoun II (1843-1918) was an American planter and businessman. He was a large landowner in Chicot County, Arkansas and a Director of railroad companies. He was a prominent financier and developer of the "New South". He was born on July 9, 1843 in Demopolis, Alabama. His father, Andrew Pickens Calhoun, was a planter. He had a brother, Patrick Calhoun. His paternal grandfather, John C. Calhoun, served as the Vice President of the United States from 1825 to 1829. He was educated in Demopolis, Alabama. He graduated from South Carolina College in 1863. During the

title: Henry Clay

text: Northern and Southern interests, what would widely be called the Compromise of 1850. Clay originally intended the resolutions to be voted on separately, but at the urging of southerners he agreed to the creation of a Committee of Thirteen to consider the measures. The committee was formed on April 17. On May 8, as chair of the committee, Clay presented an omnibus bill linking all of the resolutions. The resolutions included: The bill was opposed for different reasons by hardliners on both sides. Senator John C. Calhoun composed a speech arguing against the compromise and warning of the possibility of

title: John C. Calhoun

text: Calhoun in Charleston was found vandalized, with spray-painted denunciations of Calhoun as a racist and a defender of slavery. In response to decades of requests, Yale President Peter Salovey announced that the university's Calhoun College will be renamed in 2017 to honor Grace Murray Hopper, a pioneering computer programmer, mathematician and Navy rear admiral who graduated from Yale. Calhoun is commemorated elsewhere on the campus, including the exterior of Harkness Tower, a prominent campus landmark, as one of Yale's "Eight Worthies." In Calhoun's defense, Clyde Wilson, editor of the multivolume "The Papers of John C. Calhoun" and a Distinguished Chair

title: USS John C. Calhoun (SSBN-630)

text: Washington, was completed on 18 November 1994. USS John C. Calhoun (SSBN-630) USS "John C. Calhoun" (SSBN-630), a fleet ballistic missile submarine, was the only ship of the United States Navy to be named for John C. Calhoun (1782–1850), the Democratic legislator and statesman. The contract to build "John C. Calhoun" was awarded to Newport News Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Company in Newport News, Virginia, on 20 July 1961 and her keel was laid down there on 4 June 1962. She was launched on 22 June 1963 sponsored by Miss Rosalie J. Calhoun, and commissioned on 15 September 1964, with

title: USS John C. Calhoun (SSBN-630)

text: USS John C. Calhoun (SSBN-630) USS "John C. Calhoun" (SSBN-630), a fleet ballistic missile submarine, was the only ship of the United States Navy to be named for John C. Calhoun (1782–1850), the Democratic legislator and statesman. The contract to build "John C. Calhoun" was awarded to Newport News Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Company in Newport News, Virginia, on 20 July 1961 and her keel was laid down there on 4 June 1962. She was launched on 22 June 1963 sponsored by Miss Rosalie J. Calhoun, and commissioned on 15 September 1964, with Commander Deane L. Axene in command of

title: John C. Calhoun

text: College, and the election was ultimately resolved by the House of Representatives, where Adams was declared the winner over Crawford and Jackson, who in the election had led Adams in both popular vote and electoral vote. After Clay, the Speaker of the House, was appointed Secretary of State by Adams, Jackson's supporters denounced what they considered a "corrupt bargain" between Adams and Clay to give Adams the presidency in exchange for Clay receiving the office of Secretary of State, the holder of which had traditionally become the next president. Calhoun also expressed some concerns, which caused friction between him and

title: Henry Clay

text: the Tariff of 1824 and the General Survey Act, and Clay campaigned on his American System of high tariffs and federal spending on infrastructure. As the election approached, three members of Monroe's Cabinet, Secretary of the Treasury William Crawford, Secretary of State John Quincy Adams, and Secretary of War John C. Calhoun, appeared to be Clay's strongest competitors for the presidency. In 1822, the Tennessee legislature elected General Andrew Jackson to the Senate, and his backers also began to prepare for a presidential candidacy. Though many (including Clay) did not take his candidacy seriously at first, Jackson's emergence threatened Clay's

title: John C. Calhoun

text: Whereas other Southern politicians had excused slavery as a "necessary evil," in a famous on February 6, 1837, Calhoun asserted that slavery was a "positive good." He rooted this claim on two grounds: white supremacy and paternalism. All societies, Calhoun claimed, are ruled by an elite group that enjoys the fruits of the labor of a less-exceptional group. Senator William Cabell Rives of Virginia earlier had referred to slavery as an evil that might become a "lesser evil" in some circumstances. Calhoun believed that conceded too much to the abolitionists: Calhoun rejected the belief of Southern leaders such as Henry

title: Henry Clay

text: British factories were overwhelming American ports with inexpensive goods. With the help of loyal lieutenants John C. Calhoun and William Lowndes, Clay passed the Tariff of 1816, which served the dual purpose of raising revenue and protecting American goods. To stabilize the currency, Clay and Treasury Secretary Alexander Dallas proposed the creation of the Second Bank of the United States, which earned Clay criticism from some who remembered his opposition to the re-chartering of the first such bank. Madison approved the Bank, which was established in 1816. Clay also passed the Bonus Bill of 1817, which would have provided a

title: John C. Calhoun

text: of the Abbeville Institute, argued: John C. Calhoun John Caldwell Calhoun (; March 18, 1782March 31, 1850) was an American statesman and political theorist from South Carolina, and the seventh Vice President of the United States from 1825 to 1832. He is remembered for strongly defending slavery and for advancing the concept of minority party rights in politics, which he did in the context of protecting the interests of the white South when it was outnumbered by Northerners. He began his political career as a nationalist, modernizer, and proponent of a strong national government and protective tariffs. In the late

title: John C. Calhoun

text: John C. Calhoun John Caldwell Calhoun (; March 18, 1782March 31, 1850) was an American statesman and political theorist from South Carolina, and the seventh Vice President of the United States from 1825 to 1832. He is remembered for strongly defending slavery and for advancing the concept of minority party rights in politics, which he did in the context of protecting the interests of the white South when it was outnumbered by Northerners. He began his political career as a nationalist, modernizer, and proponent of a strong national government and protective tariffs. In the late 1820s, his views changed radically

title: USS John C. Calhoun (SSBN-630)

text: the Blue Crew and Commander Frank A. Thurtell in command of the Gold Crew. After shakedown and training along the United States East Coast, "John C. Calhoun" began operational deterrent patrols on 22 March 1965, assigned to Submarine Squadron 18. From 1979-1982, "John C. Calhoun" received upgrades necessary to enable her to carry the new Trident I ballistic missiles. Pulled into Agadir, Morocco in January 1983 "John C. Calhoun" was decommissioned on 28 March 1994 at Bremerton, Washington, and stricken from the Naval Vessel Register the same day. Her scrapping via the Nuclear-Powered Ship and Submarine Recycling Program at Bremerton,

title: John C. Calhoun

text: once removed. She was the daughter of wealthy United States Senator and lawyer John E. Colhoun, a leader of Charleston high society. The couple had 10 children over 18 years: Andrew Pickens Calhoun, Floride Pure Calhoun, Jane Calhoun, Anna Maria Calhoun, Elizabeth Calhoun, Patrick Calhoun, John Caldwell Calhoun Jr., Martha Cornelia Calhoun, James Edward Calhoun, and William Lowndes Calhoun. Three of them, Floride Pure, Jane, and Elizabeth, died in infancy. Calhoun's fourth child, Anna Maria, married Thomas Green Clemson, founder of Clemson University in South Carolina. Calhoun was not openly religious. He was raised Calvinist but was attracted to Southern

title: John C. Calhoun

text: Clay that all Americans could agree on the "opinion and feeling" that slavery was wrong, although they might disagree on the most practicable way to respond to that great wrong. Calhoun's constitutional ideas acted as a viable conservative alternative to Northern appeals to democracy, majority rule, and natural rights. As well as providing the intellectual justification of slavery, Calhoun played a central role in devising the South's overall political strategy. According to Phillips: Shortly after delivering his speech against the Compromise of 1850, Calhoun predicted the destruction of the Union over the slavery issue. Speaking to Senator Mason, he said:

title: Henry Clay Sevier

text: the former Retta Brooks (1899-1992) in Shreveport in northwestern Louisiana. The couple had three children: Carolyn S. Yerger (1921-1997), wife of Rufus Taft Yerger, Sr. (1914-1973); Roberta Sevier Gandy (1924-2006), wife of Robert Wyly Gandy, Jr. (1915-1987), and Henry Clay Sevier, Jr. (born c. 1926), once a partner in his father's law firm of Covington in St. Tammany Parish. Sevier died in 1974 in Mercy Hospital in Vicksburg, Mississippi. Along with many Sevier family members, Sevier and his wife are interred at Silver Cross Cemetery in Tallulah. Henry Clay Sevier Henry Clay Sevier, Sr., known as Happy Sevier (January 24,

title: Henry Clay

text: people. Jackson won 54.2% of the popular vote and 219 of the 286 electoral votes. Clay won just 37.4% of the popular vote, carrying Kentucky and five other states. Wirt won 7.8% of the popular vote and carried Vermont. Governor John Floyd of Virginia won South Carolina's eleven electoral votes. The Tariff of 1828, dubbed the "tariff of abominations", had raised tariffs considerably in an attempt to protect fledgling factories. The high tariffs angered John C. Calhoun of South Carolina and his followers, and South Carolina declared its right to nullify federal tariff legislation and cease the assessment of the

title: What Hath God Wrought: The Transformation of America, 1815–1848

text: Mexico. Some of the major individuals and groups of the period were: Andrew Jackson, John Quincy Adams, Martin Van Buren, Henry Clay, John C. Calhoun, James Monroe, DeWitt Clinton, Thomas Hart Benton, James Polk, Democratic Party, Whigs, abolitionists, evangelical Protestant sects, and slaveholders. In 2008, "What Hath God Wrought" received the Pulitzer Prize for History. Other prizes it won include the American History Book Prize. What Hath God Wrought: The Transformation of America, 1815–1848 What Hath God Wrought: The Transformation of America, 1815–1848 is a Pulitzer Prize-winning book written in 2007 by historian Daniel Walker Howe. The book is part

title: John C. Calhoun

text: of the old Southern way of life and its cause during the Civil War. Historians such as Charles M. Wiltse, Margaret Coit, and Clyde N. Wilson have, in their writings, portrayed Calhoun as a sympathetic or heroic figure. John Niven paints a portrait of Calhoun that is both sympathetic and tragic. He says that Calhoun's ambition and personal desires "were often thwarted by lesser men than he." Niven identifies Calhoun as a "driven man and a tragic figure." He argues that Calhoun was motivated by the near disaster of the War of 1812, of which he was a "thoughtless advocate,"

title: John C. Calhoun

text: and Secretary of State James Buchanan, continued work on the treaty while he was a senator, and it was ratified by a vote of 4114 on June 18, 1846. The Compromise of 1850, devised by Clay and Stephen A. Douglas, a first-term Democratic senator from Illinois, was designed to solve the controversy over the status of slavery in the vast new territories acquired from Mexico. Many pro-slavery Southerners opposed it, and Calhoun helped organize preparations for the Nashville Convention, which would meet that summer to discuss the possibility of Southern secession. The nearly 68-year old Calhoun had suffered periodic bouts

title: John C. Calhoun

text: his life, Calhoun encountered serious, advanced, well-organized intellectual dialogue that could shape his mind. Yale was dominated by President Timothy Dwight, a Federalist who became his mentor. Dwight's brilliance entranced (and sometimes repelled) Calhoun. Biographer John Niven says: Dwight repeatedly denounced Jeffersonian democracy, and Calhoun challenged him in class. Dwight could not shake Calhoun's commitment to republicanism. "Young man," retorted Dwight, "your talents are of a high order and might justify you for any station, but I deeply regret that you do not love sound principles better than sophistry – you seem to possess a most unfortunate bias for error."

title: Patrick Calhoun

text: Patrick Calhoun Patrick Calhoun (March 21, 1856 – June 16, 1943) was the grandson of John C. Calhoun and Floride Calhoun, and the great-grandson of his namesake Patrick Calhoun. He is best known as a railroad baron of the late 19th century, and as the founder of Euclid Heights, Ohio. Patrick Calhoun was born at Fort Hill, the estate of his grandfather, John C. Calhoun, located near Clemson, South Carolina. He was born to Andrew Pickens and Margaret Maria ( Green) Calhoun, and was the youngest of six children. His maternal grandfather, Duff Green, was an important South Carolina businessman

title: John C. Calhoun

text: War under President James Monroe, and in this position reorganized and modernized the War Department. Calhoun was a candidate for the presidency in the 1824 election. After failing to gain support, he let his name be put forth as a candidate for vice president. The Electoral College elected Calhoun for vice president by an overwhelming majority. He served under John Quincy Adams and continued under Andrew Jackson, who defeated Adams in the election of 1828. Calhoun had a difficult relationship with Jackson primarily due to the Nullification Crisis and the Petticoat affair. In contrast with his previous nationalism, Calhoun vigorously

title: Floride Calhoun

text: Floride Calhoun Floride Bonneau Calhoun (February 15, 1792 – July 25, 1866) was the wife of prominent U.S. politician John C. Calhoun. She is best known for her leading role in the Petticoat affair, which occurred while her husband was serving as Vice President. During the affair, Mrs. Calhoun led the Cabinet wives in ostracizing Peggy Eaton, the wife of Secretary of War John Eaton, whom they considered a woman of low morals. The affair helped damage relations between John C. Calhoun and President Andrew Jackson, and effectively ended any legitimate chance of Calhoun becoming President of the United States.

title: Henry Clay Frick

text: Hunting Club were Benjamin Ruff; T. H. Sweat, Charles J. Clarke, Thomas Clark, Walter F. Fundenberg, Howard Hartley, Henry C. Yeager, J. B. White, Henry Clay Frick, E. A. Meyers, C. C. Hussey, D. R. Ewer, C. A. Carpenter, W. L. Dunn, W. L. McClintock, and A. V. Holmes. The sixty-odd club members were the leading business tycoons of Western Pennsylvania, and included among their number Frick’s best friend, Andrew Mellon, his attorneys Philander Knox and James Hay Reed, as well as Frick's occasional business partner Andrew Carnegie. The club members made inadequate repairs to what was at that time

title: John C. Calhoun

text: South Carolina in 1756. Patrick Calhoun belonged to the Calhoun clan in the tight-knit Scotch-Irish community on the Southern frontier. He was known as an Indian fighter and an ambitious surveyor, farmer, planter and politician, being a member of the South Carolina Legislature. As a Presbyterian, he stood opposed to the Anglican elite based in Charleston. He was a Patriot in the American Revolution, and opposed ratification of the federal Constitution on grounds of states' rights and personal liberties. Calhoun would eventually adopt his father's states' rights beliefs. Young Calhoun showed scholastic talent, and although schools were scarce on the

title: John C. Calhoun

text: For this reason, he opposed the candidacy of Whig William Henry Harrison in the 1840 presidential election, believing that Harrison would institute high tariffs and therefore place an undue burden on the Southern economy. Calhoun resigned from the Senate on March 3, 1843, four years before the expiration of his term, and returned to Fort Hill to prepare an attempt to win the Democratic nomination for the 1844 presidential election. He gained little support, even from the South, and quit. When Harrison died in 1841 after a month in office, Vice President John Tyler succeeded him. Tyler, a former Democrat,

title: John C. Calhoun

text: Carolina newspaper "City Gazette" commented on the change: Biographer John Niven argues "that these moves were part of a well-thought-out plan whereby Hayne would restrain the hotheads in the state legislature and Calhoun would defend his brainchild, nullification, in Washington against administration stalwarts and the likes of Daniel Webster, the new apostle of northern nationalism." Calhoun was the first of two vice presidents to resign, the second being Spiro Agnew in 1973. During his terms as vice president, he made a record of 31 tie-breaking votes in Congress. When Calhoun took his seat in the Senate on December 29, 1832,

title: John Calhoun (publisher)

text: for two years. Calhoun was hired by the Illinois Central Railroad in 1851 to make right-of-way purchases. He left in the spring in 1854 to travel with C. C. Washburn to Georgia to stamp out wildcat banks. Calhoun met his future wife, Pamelia C. Hathaway, when they were children attending the Universalist Sunday school in Watertown. They were married on May 31, 1832. Their two children died in infancy. Calhoun died in Chicago on February 20, 1859. He was buried in Graceland Cemetery. A memorial to him stands in Calhoun Place, which is located in what is now an alley

title: Samuel McKee (1774)

text: the staff of General William Henry Harrison at, among other places, the Battle of the Thames. Thus, he was able to provide feedback to his Congressional allies, including Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun. After the war, he resumed the practice of his profession in Lancaster. He was a lifelong political ally and close personal friend of Henry Clay, and of John C. Calhoun. Family records indicate there was a long-running series of letters exchanged between the three on many of the most critical political issues of the day. Although the whereabouts of those to McKee are unknown, those of

title: Calhoun, Missouri

text: Calhoun, Missouri Calhoun is a city in Henry County, Missouri, United States. The population was 469 at the 2010 census. Calhoun was platted in 1837. The town was named after John C. Calhoun, seventh Vice President of the United States. A post office called Calhoun has been in operation since 1844. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which is land and is water. As of the census of 2010, there were 469 people, 175 households, and 115 families residing in the city. The population density was . There were 208

title: John C. Calhoun

text: stated that Congress had the power to outlaw slavery in the territories. The popular sovereignty position argued that the voters living there should decide. The Calhoun doctrine said that Congress and the citizens of the territories could never outlaw slavery in the territories. In what historian Robert R. Russell calls the "Calhoun Doctrine," Calhoun argued that the Federal Government's role in the territories was only that of the trustee or agent of the several sovereign states: it was obliged not to discriminate among the states and hence was incapable of forbidding the bringing into any territory of anything that was

title: John C. Calhoun

text: that the federal government could not prohibit slavery in any of the territories, upon Calhoun's arguments. However, moderates at this time rejected these beliefs, and Taney's decision became a major point of partisan attack by the Republican Party. In 1817, surveyors sent by Secretary of War Calhoun to map the area around Fort Snelling named the largest lake in what became Minneapolis, Minnesota for him. Two centuries later, the city of Minneapolis renamed Lake Calhoun with the Dakota language name Bde Maka Ska, meaning "White Earth Lake" or "White Banks Lake". The Confederate government honored Calhoun on a 1¢ postage

title: John C. Calhoun

text: public speaking required systematic self-discipline and practice. A later critic noted the sharp contrast between his hesitant conversations and his fluent speaking styles, adding that Calhoun "had so carefully cultivated his naturally poor voice as to make his utterance clear, full, and distinct in speaking and while not at all musical it yet fell pleasantly on the ear". Calhoun was "a high-strung man of ultra intellectual cast". As such, Calhoun was not known for charisma. He was often seen as harsh and aggressive with other representatives. But he was a brilliant intellectual orator and strong organizer. Historian Russell Kirk says,

title: John C. Calhoun

text: and helped settle the Oregon boundary dispute with Britain. He then returned to the Senate, where he opposed the Mexican–American War, the Wilmot Proviso, and the Compromise of 1850 before his death in 1850. Calhoun often served as a virtual party-independent who variously aligned as needed with Democrats and Whigs. Later in life, Calhoun became known as the "cast-iron man" for his rigid defense of white Southern beliefs and practices. His concept of republicanism emphasized approval of slavery and minority rights, as particularly embodied by the Southern states—he owned dozens of slaves in Fort Hill, South Carolina. Calhoun also asserted

title: USS Henry Clay (SSBN-625)

text: John C. Lewis in command of the Gold Crew. "Henry Clay" conducted shakedown off the coast of Florida beginning on 28 February 1964. She completed her first submerged Polaris missile firing on 6 April 1964 and returned to Newport News on 29 May 1964. She then moved to her new home port, Charleston, South Carolina, and departed for her first deterrent patrol on 17 August 1964. By January 1967, "Henry Clay" had completed 11 deterrent patrols. As of mid-1967, she was assigned to Submarine Squadron 14. During December 1986, "Henry Clay" made a port call at Plymouth, England, while being

title: Calhoun County, Mississippi

text: poverty line, including 24.20% of those under age 18 and 21.80% of those age 65 or over. In addition to the public high schools of Bruce, Calhoun City, and Vardaman, Calhoun Academy is a small K-12 private school located between Pittsboro and Calhoun City. The school serves Calhoun and the surrounding counties. Their sports teams are known as the Cougars. Calhoun County, Mississippi Calhoun County is a county located in the U.S. state of Mississippi. As of the 2010 census, the population was 14,962. Its county seat is Pittsboro. The county is named after John C. Calhoun, the U.S. Vice

title: Ashland (Henry Clay estate)

text: house and his family resided there until his death in 1864. His widow Susan Jacob Clay put the estate up for sale in 1866. Kentucky University purchased Ashland and used it as part of its campus. University founder and regent John Bryan Bowman occupied the mansion. The Agricultural and Mechanical College (Kentucky A & M) was situated on Clay's former farm. Kentucky University split into what became Transylvania University and the University of Kentucky, and sold Ashland in 1882. Henry Clay's granddaughter Anne Clay McDowell and her husband Henry Clay McDowell purchased the estate (consisting of approximately and outbuildings). They

title: John Jacob Calhoun Koon Farmstead

text: 1986. John Jacob Calhoun Koon Farmstead John Jacob Calhoun Koon Farmstead is a historic home and farm located near Ballentine, Richland County, South Carolina, USA. The house was built in about 1890, and is a two-story farmhouse with a two-tiered Victorian influenced wraparound porch. It has a one-story, gable roofed frame rear addition. Also on the property are the contributing frame grain barn (c. 1920), a frame cotton house (c. 1900), a frame workshop/toolhouse (c. 1900), a late-19th century shed, a planing shed (c. 1920) and a sawmill (c. 1928). It was added to the National Register of Historic Places

title: John Jacob Calhoun Koon Farmstead

text: John Jacob Calhoun Koon Farmstead John Jacob Calhoun Koon Farmstead is a historic home and farm located near Ballentine, Richland County, South Carolina, USA. The house was built in about 1890, and is a two-story farmhouse with a two-tiered Victorian influenced wraparound porch. It has a one-story, gable roofed frame rear addition. Also on the property are the contributing frame grain barn (c. 1920), a frame cotton house (c. 1900), a frame workshop/toolhouse (c. 1900), a late-19th century shed, a planing shed (c. 1920) and a sawmill (c. 1928). It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in

title: John C. Calhoun

text: Francis Preston Blair. He received these assurances, and enthusiastically supported Polk's candidacy. Polk narrowly defeated Clay, who opposed annexation. Lame-duck President Tyler organized a joint House–Senate vote on the Texas treaty which passed, requiring only a simple majority. He signed a bill of annexation on March 1, With President Polk's support, the Texas annexation treaty was approved by the Texas Republic in 1845. A bill to admit Texas as the 28th state of the Union was signed by Polk on December 29, 1845. Calhoun was reelected to the Senate in 1845 following the resignation of Daniel Elliott Huger. He soon

title: John C. Calhoun

text: "That zeal which flared like Greek fire in Randolph burned in Calhoun, too; but it was contained in the Cast-iron Man as in a furnace, and Calhoun's passion glowed out only through his eyes. No man was more stately, more reserved." John Quincy Adams concluded in 1821 that "Calhoun is a man of fair and candid mind, of honorable principles, of clear and quick understanding, of cool self-possession, of enlarged philosophical views, and of ardent patriotism. He is above all sectional and factious prejudices more than any other statesman of this Union with whom I have ever acted." Historian Charles

title: Henry Clay

text: house. It was an above-average home for a "common" Virginia planter of that time. At the time of his death, Clay's father owned more than 22 slaves, making him part of the planter class in Virginia (those men who owned 20 or more slaves). Henry Clay was of entirely English descent. In 1613 John Clay, six generations before Clay, came to Virginia from England aboard the ship Treasurer, and whose wife, Ann, arrived in 1623 aboard the ship Anne. Henry was the seventh of nine children born to the Reverend John Clay and Elizabeth (née Hudson) Clay. His father, a

title: Henry Clay

text: Henry Clay Henry Clay Sr. (April 12, 1777 – June 29, 1852) was an American lawyer, planter, and statesman who represented Kentucky in both the United States Senate and House of Representatives. After serving three non-consecutive terms as Speaker of the House of Representatives, Clay helped elect John Quincy Adams as president, and Adams subsequently appointed Clay as Secretary of State. Clay served four separate terms in the Senate, including stints from 1831 to 1842 and from 1849 to 1852. He ran for the presidency in 1824, 1832 and 1844, and unsuccessfully sought his party's nomination in 1840 and 1848.

title: Henry Clay

text: tariff on imports. The state threatened to secede from the Union if the federal government tried to enforce the tariff laws. Furious, President Jackson threatened to lead an army to South Carolina and hang any man who refused to obey the law. In 1833, shortly after his defeat in the previous year's presidential election, Clay worked with Calhoun to end the dispute. Though Clay desired a high tariff, he found Jackson's war-like rhetoric against South Carolina distressing, and sought to avoid a crisis that could end in civil war. Working with Calhoun, Clay brokered a deal to lower the tariff

title: John C. Calhoun

text: biography of Jackson, James Parton summed up Calhoun's role in the Nullification crisis: "Calhoun began it. Calhoun continued it. Calhoun stopped it." As tensions over nullification escalated, South Carolina Senator Robert Y. Hayne was considered less capable than Calhoun to represent South Carolina in the Senate debates, so in late 1832 Hayne resigned to become governor. On December 28, Calhoun resigned as vice president to become a senator, with a voice in the debates. Van Buren had already been elected as Jackson's new vice president, meaning that Calhoun had less than three months left on his term anyway. The South

title: Henry Clay

text: Clay began making preparations for a presidential campaign in the 1832 election. Early in Jackson's presidency, many doubted that Jackson would seek a second term, and Clay, Vice President John Calhoun, and former Treasury Secretary William Crawford (whose health had somewhat improved since 1824) all began preparations for the upcoming election. In 1831, Jackson made it clear that he was going to run for re-election, ensuring that support or opposition to his presidency would be a central feature of the upcoming race. While the two previous elections had essentially been intra-party contests among Democratic-Republicans, the election of 1832 saw the

title: Henry Clay Work

text: died in Hartford two years later at the age of 51. He was survived by his wife, Sarah Parker Work, and one of their four children. Henry Clay Work was inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 1970. He was a distant cousin to Frances Work, a great-grandmother of Diana, Princess of Wales. Among the best-known of Henry Clay Work's 75 compositions are: Henry Clay Work Henry Clay Work (October 1, 1832 – June 8, 1884) was an American composer and songwriter. Work was born in Middletown, Connecticut, to Alanson and Amelia (Forbes) Work. His father opposed slavery, and

title: Patrick Calhoun

text: of his legs was amputated in the accident, and he suffered severe head trauma. He died at Huntington Memorial Hospital a few hours later. His funeral was held June 19 in the chapel of the Turner & Stevens Funeral Home. He was interred in the Calhoun family plot at Woodland Cemetery in Clemson, South Carolina. Patrick Calhoun Patrick Calhoun (March 21, 1856 – June 16, 1943) was the grandson of John C. Calhoun and Floride Calhoun, and the great-grandson of his namesake Patrick Calhoun. He is best known as a railroad baron of the late 19th century, and as the

title: John C. Calhoun

text: the Reduction Act, which reduced the number of enlisted men of the army by half, from 11,709 to 5,586, and the number of the officer corps by a fifth, from 680 to 540. Calhoun, though concerned, offered little protest. Later, to provide the army with a more organized command structure, which had been severely lacking during the War of 1812, he appointed Major General Jacob Brown to a position that would later become known as "Commanding General of the United States Army". As secretary, Calhoun had responsibility for management of Indian affairs. He promoted a plan, adopted by Monroe in

title: John Calhoun Sheppard

text: John Calhoun Sheppard John Calhoun Sheppard (July 5, 1850October 17, 1931) was the 82nd Governor of South Carolina from July 10, 1886, to November 30, 1886. Sheppard was born in Edgefield County and attended Bethel Academy in Edgefield. Upon graduating from Furman University with a law degree, he was admitted to the bar in 1871. He was elected to the South Carolina House of Representatives in 1876 and became the Speaker of the House when his father-in-law, William Henry Wallace, resigned as Speaker to accept an open circuit judgeship. He had been a strong supporter of Martin Witherspoon Gary in

title: Calhoun, Tennessee

text: River and the Hiwassee River, including what is now McMinn County. McMinn County was organized at Walker's house that same year. In 1820, Walker laid out the town of Calhoun, which he named for the Calhoun Treaty's chief U.S. negotiator, John C. Calhoun. Walker would eventually be assassinated by two anti-removal Cherokees, who felt he had betrayed the Cherokee nation. Joseph McMinn, governor of Tennessee from 1815 to 1821, spent the last few years of his life in Calhoun, and is buried in the Shiloh Presbyterian Cemetery, which is located in Calhoun. In 1954, the pulp and paper giant Bowater

title: William Henry Calhoun

text: construction of Calhoun Hall in 1918. Even though the will was challenged in court by her heirs, the university won in 1924 and the building was completed in 1928. Calhoun's cutlery is in the collections of the Tennessee State Museum as well as the Museum of Early Southern Decorative Arts. His work was auctioned by Christie's in 2008. William Henry Calhoun William Henry Calhoun (1815-1865) was an American silversmith in the Antebellum South. He was trained in Philadelphia and became a jeweler in Nashville, Tennessee, where he designed silverware in the 1830s-1860s. A Masonic Grand Master who owned slaves, he

title: Henry C. Miner

text: than $146 million in 2017). His assets were controlled by the Estate of Henry C. Miner, Incorporated, of which his son Henry C. Miner Jr. was president. Miner was married twice; his first wife was Julia Lucinda Moore (d. 1894), with whom he had four sons, Henry C., Edwin D., Thomas W., and George H. His second wife was Annie O'Neill, an actress who retired after their marriage. With his second wife, Miner was the father of a son, John. Henry C. Miner Henry Clay Miner (March 23, 1842 – February 22, 1900) was an American theatrical impresario and U.S.

title: Henry Clay Jr.

text: Henry Clay Jr. Henry Clay Jr. (April 10, 1811 – February 23, 1847) was an American politician and soldier from Kentucky, the third son of US Senator and Congressman Henry Clay and Lucretia Hart Clay. He was elected to the Kentucky House of Representatives in 1835 and served one term. A graduate of West Point, he served in the Mexican–American War and was killed in 1847 at the Battle of Buena Vista. Born on his family's estate of Ashland, in Lexington, Henry, Jr. was the older brother of James Brown Clay and John Morrison Clay, the only sons surviving at

title: John Morrison Clay

text: John Morrison Clay John Morrison Clay (February 21, 1821 – August 10, 1887) was a Kentucky thoroughbred breeder, a son of statesman Henry Clay, and a husband of Josephine Russell Clay and the brother of Henry Clay, Jr. and James Brown Clay. He was also called "John M. Clay". Upon his father's death, Clay inherited a portion of the large estate, Ashland. To distinguish John Clay's land from the mansion and lands that went to his brother, James Brown Clay, John's holdings were called Ashland Stock Farm, Ashland Stud, or, sometimes, Ashland-on-the-Tates-Creek-Pike. In 1866 John M. Clay married his nephew's

title: Henry Clay Sevier

text: Henry Clay Sevier Henry Clay Sevier, Sr., known as Happy Sevier (January 24, 1896 – June 1, 1974), was a lawyer from Tallulah, Louisiana, who was from 1936 to 1952 a Democratic member of the Louisiana House of Representatives from Madison Parish. Sevier was a descendant of John Sevier, a fighter in the American Revolution, an early governor of Tennessee, and the namesake of Sevierville in Sevier County in eastern Tennessee. His cousin was Louisiana State Senator Andrew L. Sevier, whose tenure extended from 1932 until his death in office in 1962. In 1936, Sevier was elected to succeed fellow

title: John Morrison Clay

text: is interred at Lexington Cemetery. Josephine Clay continued to very ably run Ashland Stud until her own death in 1920. John Morrison Clay John Morrison Clay (February 21, 1821 – August 10, 1887) was a Kentucky thoroughbred breeder, a son of statesman Henry Clay, and a husband of Josephine Russell Clay and the brother of Henry Clay, Jr. and James Brown Clay. He was also called "John M. Clay". Upon his father's death, Clay inherited a portion of the large estate, Ashland. To distinguish John Clay's land from the mansion and lands that went to his brother, James Brown Clay,

title: William B. Calhoun

text: and as a Whig to the three succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1835 – March 3, 1843). Calhoun served as chairman of the Committee on Private Land Claims (Twenty-sixth Congress). Calhoun was not a candidate for renomination in 1842. In 1844 Calhoun was a Presidential Elector for Henry Clay. Calhoun served as member of the Massachusetts Senate in 1846 and 1847, serving as its president. He served as Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts 1848-1851 and State bank commissioner from 1853 to 1855. He served as mayor of Springfield, Massachusetts in 1859. He was again a member of the Massachusetts House

title: James Calhoun

text: James Calhoun James M. Calhoun (February 12, 1811October 1, 1875) was the 16th Mayor of Atlanta, Georgia during the American Civil War, best known as the recipient of Union General William T. Sherman's famous "war is cruelty" (often misquoted as "war is hell") letter. Calhoun was born in South Carolina; his father was a cousin of Democrat John C. Calhoun, the infamous pro-slavery politician. After the death of his parents when he was 18, he moved to Decatur, Georgia to live with his older brother Ezkiel N. Calhoun who was a lawyer. He began studying law in 1831 and passed

title: James Calhoun

title: John C. Calhoun

text: expected divorce. Once the divorce was finalized, they married legally in 1794, but the episode caused a major controversy, and was used against him in the 1828 campaign. Jackson saw attacks on Eaton stemming ultimately from the political opposition of Calhoun, who had failed to silence his wife's criticisms. The Calhouns were widely regarded as the chief instigators. Eaton took his revenge on Calhoun. In 1830, reports had emerged accurately stating that Calhoun, as Secretary of War, had favored censuring Jackson for his 1818 invasion of Florida. These infuriated Jackson. For reasons unclear, Calhoun asked Eaton to approach Jackson about

title: Floride Calhoun

text: executor of her estate won the auction, which was divided among her surviving heirs. Her daughter, Anna Maria Calhoun Clemson and son-in-law, Thomas Green Clemson, received about three-quarters of the plantation, including the house, and her great granddaughter, Floride Isabella Lee, received the balance. Floride Calhoun Floride Bonneau Calhoun (February 15, 1792 – July 25, 1866) was the wife of prominent U.S. politician John C. Calhoun. She is best known for her leading role in the Petticoat affair, which occurred while her husband was serving as Vice President. During the affair, Mrs. Calhoun led the Cabinet wives in ostracizing Peggy

title: Henry C. McDowell Jr.

text: Henry C. McDowell Jr. Henry Clay McDowell Jr. (August 24, 1861 – October 8, 1933) was a Virginia lawyer and federal judge. Born in Louisville, Kentucky as the first son of Henry Clay McDowell, and Anne Clay, daughter of Henry Clay Jr., Henry McDowell Jr. had an elder sister Nanette (1859–1948) and four younger siblings. His father, Henry C. McDowell Sr., was one of the first Kentuckians to volunteer for the Union army in the American Civil War and became a successful businessman. In 1883, after this Henry had left home, the family moved to Ashland, Kentucky, where Henry McDowell

title: John C. Calhoun

text: Adams. Calhoun also opposed President Adams' plan to send a delegation to observe a meeting of South and Central American leaders in Panama, believing that the United States should stay out of foreign affairs. Calhoun became disillusioned with Adams' high tariff policies and increased centralization of government through a network of "internal improvements", which he now saw as a threat to the rights of the states. Calhoun wrote to Jackson on June 4, 1826, informing him that he would support Jackson's second campaign for the presidency in 1828. The two were never particularly close friends. Calhoun never fully trusted Jackson,

title: Henry Clay

text: Baptist minister nicknamed "Sir John", died in 1781, four years after the boy's birth. The father left Henry and his brothers two slaves each, and his wife 18 slaves and of land. Henry Clay was a second cousin of Cassius Marcellus Clay, who became a politician and an abolitionist in Kentucky. Shortly after the death of Clay's father, the British under Banastre Tarleton raided Clay's home, leaving the family in a precarious position. However, the widow Elizabeth Clay married Capt. Henry Watkins, who was an affectionate stepfather and a successful planter. Elizabeth would have seven more children with Watkins, bearing

title: Henry Clay Fry

text: C. Fry Glass Society for the study and preservation of glass made at the H. C. Fry Glass Company. Website giving detailed timeline of Fry's life and events and his companies. Patents licensed to H. C. Fry Glass Company. Henry Clay Fry Henry Clay Fry (1840 – 1929) was an American entrepreneur in the glass industry in the late nineteenth century and early twentieth century. The 1850 United States Federal Census shows that Fry was living with his family in Shelby County, Kentucky. Fry received his early education in Lexington, Kentucky. Fry at the age of sixteen years found employment

title: Henry Clay (steamboat)

text: 198 feet and it used a walking beam engine. Its promenade deck ran the entire length of the boat. Collyer, the builder, owned a five-eighths interest in the "Henry Clay". He shared ownership with William Radford, Esq. who owned a two-eighth interest. Captain John Tallman, the captain of the "Henry Clay" for this particular day's run, owned a one-eighth interest. The "Henry Clay" ran on routes up and down the Hudson River at various points of departure and varying distances between Albany, New York and New York City. The steamships "Henry Clay" and "Armenia" left Albany on July 28, 1852.

title: John C. Calhoun

text: expressed in local communities that are nearly autonomous while serving as units of a larger society. Calhoun led the pro-slavery faction in the Senate, opposing both total abolitionism and attempts such as the Wilmot Proviso to limit the expansion of slavery into the western territories. Calhoun's father, Patrick Calhoun, helped shape his son's political views. He was a staunch supporter of slavery who taught his son that social standing depended not merely on a commitment to the ideal of popular self-government but also on the ownership of a substantial number of slaves. Flourishing in a world in which slaveholding was

title: John C. Calhoun

text: the possibility of Calhoun publishing his correspondence with Jackson at the time of the Seminole War. Eaton did nothing. This caused Calhoun to believe that Jackson had approved the publication of the letters. Calhoun published them in the "United States Telegraph," a newspaper edited by a Calhoun protégé, Duff Green. This gave the appearance of Calhoun trying to justify himself against a conspiracy to damage him, and further enraged the President. Finally in the spring of 1831, at the suggestion of Secretary of State Martin Van Buren, who, like Jackson, supported the Eatons, Jackson replaced all but one of his

title: Henry C. McDowell Jr.

text: Street) survives and is a contributing property to the Diamond Hill Historic District. The New York Times reported in 1901 that the author John Fox Jr., also from Big Stone Gap, based a character in his book "Blue-grass and Rhododendron: Outdoors in Old Kentucky" on McDowell. The book was dedicated to McDowell, Bullitt, and Horace Ethelbert Cox, as "The First Three Captains of the Guard." Henry C. McDowell Jr. Henry Clay McDowell Jr. (August 24, 1861 – October 8, 1933) was a Virginia lawyer and federal judge. Born in Louisville, Kentucky as the first son of Henry Clay McDowell, and

title: John Cecil Clay

text: as an illustrator for "The Century Magazine", "Saturday Evening Post" and "Good Housekeeping". John Cecil Clay John Cecil Clay, 1875-1930, was an American illustrator known for genre and caricature paintings. Clay was born in Ronceverte, West Virginia to a long-time Southern family. He was a student of Henry Siddons Mowbray at the Art Students League of New York and had a graphic style that was suited to illustration. A recurring subject was pretty young women. During his life he worked for "Life" and "Frank Leslie's Popular Monthly". He was a member of Society of Illustrators and was represented at the

title: William Henry Calhoun

text: William Henry Calhoun William Henry Calhoun (1815-1865) was an American silversmith in the Antebellum South. He was trained in Philadelphia and became a jeweler in Nashville, Tennessee, where he designed silverware in the 1830s-1860s. A Masonic Grand Master who owned slaves, he was arrested by the Union Army for his Confederate support in 1863. His work can be seen at the Tennessee State Museum and the Museum of Early Southern Decorative Arts. Calhoun was born in 1815 in Pennsylvania. His paternal grandfather, Robert, emigrated from Ireland with family, and his father Hugh was born on their voyage to America in

title: Henry Clay McCormick

text: Henry Clay McCormick Henry Clay McCormick (June 30, 1844 – May 26, 1902) was a Republican member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania. Henry C. McCormick was born in Washington Township, Lycoming County, Pennsylvania. He attended the common schools and Dickinson Seminary in Williamsport, Pennsylvania. He studied law, was admitted to the bar in 1866 and practiced in Williamsport. McCormick was elected as a Republican to the Fiftieth and Fifty-first Congresses. He served as chairman of the United States House Committee on Railways and Canals during the Fifty-first Congress. He was a delegate to the 1892 Republican National

title: John C. Calhoun

text: Cabinet members, thereby limiting Calhoun's influence. Van Buren began the process by resigning as Secretary of State, facilitating Jackson's removal of others. Van Buren thereby grew in favor with Jackson, while the rift between the President and Calhoun was widened. Later, in 1832, Calhoun, as vice president, cast a tie-breaking vote against Jackson's nomination of Van Buren as Minister to Great Britain in a failed attempt to end Van Buren's political career. Missouri Senator Thomas Hart Benton, a staunch supporter of Jackson, then stated that Calhoun had "elected a Vice President", as Van Buren was able to move past his

title: John C. Calhoun

text: a frontiersman and popular war hero, but hoped that his election would bring some reprieve from Adams's anti-states' rights policies. Jackson selected Calhoun as his running mate, and together they defeated Adams and his running mate Richard Rush. Calhoun thus became the second of two vice presidents to serve under two different presidents. The only other man who accomplished this feat was George Clinton, who served as Vice President from 1805 to 1812 under Thomas Jefferson and James Madison. Early in Jackson's administration, Floride Calhoun organized Cabinet wives (hence the term "petticoats") against Peggy Eaton, wife of Secretary of War

title: Floride Calhoun

text: Lady, she took the lead in a social war against Margaret O'Neill Eaton, the wife of Secretary of War John Eaton, in what became known as the Petticoat affair. Calhoun had organized a coalition among the wives of Jackson cabinet members against Peggy Eaton, who Calhoun believed had committed adultery and was acting irresponsibly in Washington. Historian John Marszalek explains why Washington society found Peggy unacceptable: President Jackson was opposed by Vice President Calhoun and most of his own cabinet. The result was the resignation of all but one Cabinet member in 1831. It permanently destroyed friendly relations between Vice

title: Henry Clay Smith

text: Jury Prize "for schoolhouse architecture" at the 1915 Panama-Pacific International Exposition. Smith was married in Philadelphia on April 25, 1900, to Lillian Troth. They had a son, John Windrim Smith, and a daughter, Elizabeth Clay Smith. They made a home in Los Gatos, California, "Far Hills," where Smith could indulge his artistic imagination and love of landscape architecture. Henry Clay Smith died on December 10, 1945, resident in his Cloister Apartments in San Francisco. Henry Clay Smith Henry Clay Smith was born February 7, 1874 in Santa Clara, California, one of 12 children born to German immigrants Charles Christian Smith

title: John C. Calhoun

text: in adjoining slave states and deepening sectional conflicts between American free-soil and slave-soil interests. The appointment of Calhoun, with his southern states' rights reputation – which some believed was "synonymous with slavery" – threatened to cast doubt on Tyler's carefully crafted reputation as a nationalist. Tyler, though ambivalent, felt obliged to enlist Calhoun as Secretary of State, because Tyler's closest confidantes had, in haste, offered the position to the South Carolinian statesman in the immediate aftermath of the "Princeton" disaster. Calhoun would be confirmed by Congress by unanimous vote. In advance of Calhoun's arrival in Washington, D.C., Tyler attempted to

title: John C. Calhoun

text: the old financial system on import duties was devastated when the blockade cut off imports. Calhoun called for a system of internal taxation that would not collapse from a war-time shrinkage of maritime trade, as the tariffs had done. The expiration of the charter of the First Bank of the United States had also distressed the Treasury, so to reinvigorate and modernize the economy Calhoun called for a new national bank. A new bank was chartered as the Second Bank of the United States by Congress and approved by President James Madison in 1816. Through his proposals, Calhoun emphasized a

title: Henry Clay Yerger

text: In 1958, the school was admitted to the North Central Association of Colleges and Secondary Schools. Henry C. Yerger received the Outstanding Citizen Award for community education and religious services. He served as president, treasurer, and board member of the Arkansas Teachers Association. On February 19, 1936, he decided to rest his soul at the age of 75 years. Henry Clay Yerger Professor Henry Clay Yerger (born December 4, 1860, near Spring Hill, Arkansas) was the son of Sally Yerger and the stepson of Anthony Yerger. He married Miss Ella J. Green and to this union eight children were born,

title: Henry Clay McCormick

text: Convention. He was elected president of the Williamsport & North Branch Railroad in 1892. He served as attorney general of Pennsylvania from 1895 to 1899. He resumed the practice of law and died in Williamsport in 1902. His body is interred at Wildwood Cemetery. Henry Clay McCormick Henry Clay McCormick (June 30, 1844 – May 26, 1902) was a Republican member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania. Henry C. McCormick was born in Washington Township, Lycoming County, Pennsylvania. He attended the common schools and Dickinson Seminary in Williamsport, Pennsylvania. He studied law, was admitted to the bar in

title: Henry Clay VanNoy

text: Henry Clay VanNoy Henry Clay Van Noy (April 20, 1881 – November 28, 1938) was a prominent Kansas City, Missouri, businessman and was the last surviving member of the legendary Van Noy Brothers of Kansas City - brothers who founded the company which a century later has evolved into HMSHost company. Born to Dr. Henry Clay Van Noy and Catherine S. Raber, he is also the great grandson of Barbourville, Kentucky, pioneer William Van Noy. In 1897, the Van Noy Brothers - who included Ira Clinton, Charles S., and Horace Greeley, founded what was to become the Van Noy Railway

title: Calhoun County, Alabama

text: Calhoun County, Alabama Calhoun County is a county in the east central part of the U.S. state of Alabama. As of the 2010 census, the population was 118,572. Its county seat is Anniston. It was named in honor of John C. Calhoun, noted politician and US Senator from South Carolina. Calhoun County is included in the Anniston-Oxford Metropolitan Statistical Area. Benton County was established on December 18, 1832, named for Thomas Hart Benton, a member of the United States Senate from Missouri. Its county seat was Jacksonville. Benton, a slave owner, was a political ally of John C. Calhoun, U.S.

title: Henry Clay

text: (1815–1817), James Brown Clay (1817–1864), and John Morrison Clay (1821–1887). Seven of Clay's children died before him. By 1835 all six daughters had died of varying causes, two when very young, two as children, and the last two as young women: from whooping cough, yellow fever, and complications of childbirth, respectively. Henry Clay, Jr. was killed in the Mexican–American War at the Battle of Buena Vista. Clay's oldest son, Theodore, spent the second half of his life confined to a psychiatric hospital. Lucretia Hart Clay survived her husband, dying in 1864 at the age of 83. She is interred with

title: John C. Calhoun

text: supported South Carolina's right to nullify federal tariff legislation he believed unfairly favored the North, putting him into conflict with unionists such as Jackson. In 1832, with only a few months remaining in his second term, he resigned as vice president and entered the Senate. He sought the Democratic nomination for the presidency in 1844, but lost to surprise nominee James K. Polk, who went on to become president. Calhoun served as Secretary of State under John Tyler from 1844 to 1845. As Secretary of State, he supported the annexation of Texas as a means to extend the slave power,

title: John C. Calhoun

text: John Eaton, and refused to associate with her. They alleged that John and Peggy Eaton had engaged in an adulterous affair while she was still legally married to her first husband, and that her recent behavior was unladylike. The allegations of scandal created an intolerable situation for Jackson. The Petticoat affair ended friendly relations between Calhoun and Jackson. Jackson sided with the Eatons. He and his late wife Rachel Donelson had undergone similar political attacks stemming from their marriage in 1791. The two had married in 1791 not knowing that Rachel's first husband, Lewis Robards, had failed to finalize the

title: John Calhoun Dickenson

text: the industry and energy he put into it. He died in Grayson County on July 17, 1890 and was buried in the family graveyard in what is now Riverside, Virginia. Dickenson County, Virginia, formed in 1880, was supposedly named after his relative William J. Dickenson who represented Buchanon, Russell and Wise Counties during the American Civil War. John Calhoun Dickenson John Calhoun Dickenson (December 4, 1815 - July 18, 1890) was a Virginia planter and politician who served in both chambers of the Virginia General Assembly, including in the Virginia Senate during the American Civil War and after Congressional Reconstruction