query: Who was the first doctor to successfully transplant a liver?

title: Liver

text: to grow back each night. The myth suggests the ancient Greeks may have known about the liver’s remarkable capacity for self-repair. Human liver transplants were first performed by Thomas Starzl in the United States and Roy Calne in Cambridge, England in 1963 and 1967, respectively. Liver transplantation is the only option for those with irreversible liver failure. Most transplants are done for chronic liver diseases leading to cirrhosis, such as chronic hepatitis C, alcoholism, and autoimmune hepatitis. Less commonly, liver transplantation is done for fulminant hepatic failure, in which liver failure occurs over days to weeks. Liver allografts for transplant

title: Liver transplantation

text: with many experimental models used in early surgical research, the first attempts at liver transplantation were performed on dogs. The earliest published reports of canine liver transplantations were performed in 1955 by Vittorio Staudacher at Opedale Maggiore Policlinico in Milan, Italy. This initial attempt varied significantly from contemporary techniques; for example, Staudacher reported "arterialization" of the donor portal vein via the recipient hepatic artery, and use of cholecystostomy for biliary drainage. The first attempted human liver transplant was performed in 1963 by Dr. Thomas Starzl, although the pediatric patient died intraoperatively due to uncontrolled bleeding. Multiple subsequent attempts by various

title: British Transplant Society

text: physiology. The society awards a medal to the competitive winner of submission of a peer review publication in a recognised academic journal. The award is named after Sir Roy Yorke Calne, who was the first surgeon to perform a combined heart/lung/liver transplant in 1987, the first liver transplantation operation in Europe in 1968, and the first small bowel transplant in the UK in 1992. British Transplant Society The British Transplant Society (BTS) is a non-profit professional body representing the community of physicians, surgeons, nurses, allied health professionals and scientists involved in organ transplantation in the United Kingdom. The BTS supports

title: Doctor Who: The First Doctor Adventures

text: Doctor Who: The First Doctor Adventures The First Doctor Adventures is a Big Finish Productions audio play series based on the British television programme "Doctor Who". It sees the return of David Bradley as the First Doctor, a role originated by William Hartnell from 1963 to 1966, as well as by Bradley on television in the episodes "The Doctor Falls" and "Twice Upon a Time". David Bradley also portrayed William Hartnell in the BBC bio-drama, "An Adventure in Space and Time". Also appearing are Claudia Grant as Susan Foreman, Jemma Powell as Barbara Wright and Jamie Glover as Ian Chesterton.

title: Doctor Who: The First Adventure

text: "Terrordactyls" was a shooting game. The final level, "Box" was a variant on Battleships featuring hidden aliens as the targets. The player was given 15 lives, called regenerations, and 60 minutes to complete the game. This was the first officially licensed "Doctor Who" game; however, several unofficial "Doctor Who" games had been released previously such as Time Lords by Red Shift. Doctor Who: The First Adventure Doctor Who: The First Adventure is a computer game based on the long-running British science fiction television series "Doctor Who" released for the BBC Micro in 1983. It was written by Jeremy Ruston. It

title: Doctor Who: The First Adventure

text: Doctor Who: The First Adventure Doctor Who: The First Adventure is a computer game based on the long-running British science fiction television series "Doctor Who" released for the BBC Micro in 1983. It was written by Jeremy Ruston. It featured the Fifth Doctor, despite only seeing one pixel as "The Doctor", as the player ventured through four mini-games which went by levels of completion which were Doctor Who themed versions of Pac-Man, Frogger, Space Invaders and Battleship. The first level called "Labyrinth of Death" was based on Pac-Man. Level 2, "The Prison" was a Frogger type game. The third level,

title: Doctor Who: The First Doctor Adventures

text:
These three actors also appeared alongside Bradley in the aforementioned BBC bio-drama. James Dreyfus joins the cast as an earlier incarnation of The Master prior to Roger Delgado. Announced in September 2017, The first pair of stories released on 25 December 2017, with a second pair due in July 2018. Confirmed in July 2018, a third duo will be released for January 2019.

 Doctor Who: The First Doctor Adventures The First Doctor Adventures is a Big Finish Productions audio play series based on the British

title: Doctor Who and the Warlord

text: Doctor Who and the Warlord Doctor Who and the Warlord is a computer game based on the long-running British science fiction television series "Doctor Who", released for the BBC Micro in 1985. It was promoted as part of the BBC Computer Literacy Project, with one such instance being after a 1985 screening of the 1966 film "". It is a text-based adventure featuring an unspecified Doctor (possibly sixth, as this was at the time). The game loaded in two parts, with a password and information from the first half needed to successfully continue into the second part. Each part was

title: Liver transplantation

text: will be rejected by the recipient unless immunosuppressive drugs are used. The immunosuppressive regimens for all solid organ transplants are fairly similar, and a variety of agents are now available. Most liver transplant recipients receive corticosteroids plus a calcineurin inhibitor such as tacrolimus or ciclosporin, (also spelled cyclosporine and cyclosporin) plus a purine antagonist such as mycophenolate mofetil. Clinical outcome is better with tacrolimus than with ciclosporin during the first year of liver transplantation. If the patient has a co-morbidity such as active hepatitis B, high doses of hepatitis B immunoglubins are administrated in liver transplant patients. Liver transplantation is

title: Liver transplantation

text: marrow of liver transplant recipients. The prognosis following liver transplant is variable, depending on overall health, technical success of the surgery, and the underlying disease process affecting the liver. There is no exact model to predict survival rates; those with transplant have a 58% chance of surviving 15 years. Failure of the new liver occurs in 10% to 15% of all cases. These percentages are contributed to by many complications. Early graft failure is probably due to preexisting disease of the donated organ. Others include technical flaws during surgery such as revascularization that may lead to a nonfunctioning graft. As

title: Head transplant

text: systematic neuropathic pain is high and had largely been unaddressed in research. Of these challenges, dealing with blood supply and transplant rejection have been addressed in the field of transplant medicine generally, making transplantation of several types of organs fairly routine; however in a field as common as liver transplantation around a quarter of organs are rejected within the first year and overall mortality is still much higher than the general population. The challenge of grafting the nervous system remained in early stages of research . Alexis Carrel was a French surgeon who had developed improved surgical methods to connect

title: Transplant rejection

text: and the resulting complement-mediated immune response leads to a rejection of the transplant. Developing with formation of cellular immunity, "acute rejection" occurs to some degree in all transplants, except between identical twins, unless immunosuppression is achieved (usually through drugs). Acute rejection begins as early as one week after transplant, the risk being highest in the first three months, though it can occur months to years later. Highly vascular tissues such as kidney or liver often host the earliest signs—particularly at endothelial cells lining blood vessels—though it eventually occurs in roughly 10 to 30% of liver transplants, and 10 to 20%

title: BC Transplant Society

text: a slightly higher ethnicity rate than the national average of 9 per cent. In addition to managing the provincial organ donor registry, BCTS delivers donated organs within the province and also to other Canadian provinces. BCTS also manages policies, standards and guidelines for transplants and funds regional health programs for pre-transplant and post-transplant services. BC is one of five provinces that have programs to increase organ donations from people who die of heart failure, if the family of the fatal patient agrees. Liver transplants in BC have improved in the 21st century. 1989 was the start of liver transplants in

title: The British Liver Trust

text: year to fund its activities. In November of 2015, blues musician Walter Trout became a patron of the British Liver Trust. Trout found out that he had liver disease in 2013. After spending five months in a liver ward, he received a liver transplant in 2014. By 2015 he had recovered and was able to go on Tour in Europe. “I’m only still here because someone donated their liver” he said. The British Liver Trust British Liver Trust is a charitable organisation in The United Kingdom which has a focus in the health of the liver. Based in the town

title: Face transplant

text: the procedure. In December 2008, a team at the Cleveland Clinic, led by Maria Siemionow and including a group of supporting doctors and six plastic surgeons (Steven Bernard, Dr Mark Hendrickson, Robert Lohman, Dan Alam and Francis Papay) performed the first face transplant in the US on a woman named Connie Culp. It was the world's first near-total facial transplant and the fourth known facial transplant to have been successfully performed to date. This operation was the first facial transplant known to have included bones, along with muscle, skin, blood vessels, and nerves. The woman received a nose, most of

title: Liver transplantation

text: at designated transplant medical centers by highly trained transplant physicians and supporting medical team. The duration of the surgery ranges from 4 to 18 hours depending on outcome. Favorable outcomes require careful screening for eligible recipient, as well as a well-calibrated live or cadaveric donor match. Liver transplantation is a potential treatment for acute or chronic conditions which cause irreversible and severe ("end-stage") liver dysfunction. Since the procedure carries relatively high risks, is resource-intensive, and requires major life-modifications after surgery, it is reserved for dire circumstances. Judging the appropriateness/effectiveness of liver transplant on case-by-case basis is critically important ("see Contraindications"),

title: Acute liver failure

text: days. Intravenous N-acetylcysteine has been found to be beneficial in both acetaminophen toxicity and non-acetaminophen-related acute liver failure. Historically mortality has been high, being in excess of 80%. In recent years the advent of liver transplantation and multidisciplinary intensive care support have improved survival significantly. At present overall short-term survival with transplant is more than 65%. Several prognostic scoring systems have been devised to predict mortality and to identify who will require an early liver transplant. These include King's College Hospital criteria, MELD score, APACHE II, and Clichy criteria. To date, no universally accepted nomenclature has been adopted. Trey and

title: BC Transplant Society

text: BC. Low performance rates resulted in researcher evaluation. From 1997-2001, 150 patients were declared unsuitable for liver transplant due to five categories: Transplant Centres are located at: Regional Clinics are located at: Created in 1985. In 1986, BCTS was the first organization in North America to combine organ donation registry and transplantation. In 1991, BCTS established its annual Operation Popcorn project which delivers popcorn tins to appreciate health care workers for more than 25 years. In 1992, BCTS established Transplant Research Foundation of British Columbia (TRF) with funding and administrative support. In 1997, BCTS created North America's first online organ

title: The Visitation (Doctor Who)

text: the Doctor that the nearby city the Terileptil was referring to was London. The android arrives at the TARDIS and is successfully dealt with by the sonic booster Nyssa finished. Adric and Nyssa then move the TARDIS to meet the Doctor and the others at the manor. Using the TARDIS scanner, the Doctor locates the Terileptil in London. The TARDIS rematerialises there and the five enter the building. With the Terileptil leader are two other Terileptils who get the jump on the Doctor and Mace. They manage to stop them, but the Terileptil leader's weapon starts to overload and detonates.

title: National Kidney and Transplant Institute

text: pancreas (first in Asia, March 1988); Kidney - Liver transplant (first in Asia, September 1990); Bone Marrow Transplant (first in the Philippines, August 1990); ISO-Certification (first Government Hospital in the Philippines, February 2003). To sustain such commitment, the Institute has continuously maintain various healthcare-related programs of the Institute such the Human Organ Preservation Effort (HOPE), Voluntary Blood Donation Program (VBDP), Renal Disease Control Program (REDCOP) and Total Quality Management (TQM) National Kidney and Transplant Institute The National Kidney and Transplant Institute is a tertiary referral hospital located in Quezon City, Philippines. The hospital was announced on January 16, 1981. The

title: Transplant coordinator

text: Transplant coordinator Transplant Coordinator is a healthcare professional – doctor, nurse, or allied health science graduate who coordinates activities related to organ donation and transplantation. Transplant coordinators can either be Donor Coordinators or Recipient Coordinators. Deceased organ donation and transplantation involves close networking of medical, paramedical and non-medical personnel. Transplant coordinators are at the centre of this network. Transplant Coordinators working with donors can also be known as procurement transplant coordinators, donor coordinators, or just procurement coordinators. Donor coordinators are called when a potential organ donor meets criteria for donating organs (for example, severe neurological injury with lack of brain

title: The Doctor (Doctor Who)

text: footage. Tom Baker did reappear, but as "the Curator", an ambiguously different character who he was not credited for playing. A voice actor, John Guilor, recorded a line of audio impersonating the First Doctor, for which he was credited as "Voice Over Artist". In other multi-Doctor stories, the multiple actors are all credited as "The Doctor", the exception being "The Three Doctors" (1972–73), which credited William Hartnell, Patrick Troughton and Jon Pertwee as "Doctor Who" as the 1972 serial preceded the practice of crediting the character as "The Doctor". In "Human Nature" (2007), the plot involves the Tenth Doctor altering

title: Acute liver failure

text: unit. For patients not at a transplant center, the possibility of rapid progression of ALF makes early consultation with a transplant facility critical. Accordingly, plans for transfer to a transplant center should begin in patients with any abnormal mentation. Early institution of antidotes or specific therapy may prevent the need for liver transplantation and reduce the likelihood of poor outcome. Measures appropriate for specific causes of ALF are described in detail later in this chapter. Patients with grade I–II encephalopathy should be transferred to a liver transplant facility and listed for transplantation. Consider a brain computed tomography (CT) scan to

title: Liver transplantation

text: as outcomes are highly variable. Although liver transplatation is the most effective treatment for many forms of end-stage liver disease, the tremendous limitation in allograft availability and widely variable post-surgical outcomes make case selection critically important. Assessment of a person's transplant eligibility is made by a multi-disciplinary team that includes surgeons, medical doctors, and other providers. The first step in evaluation is to determine whether the patient has irreversible liver-based diseased which will be cured by getting a new liver. Thus, those with diseases which are primarily based outside the liver or have spread beyond the liver are generally considered

title: Children's Liver Disease Foundation

text: Children's Liver Disease Foundation Children's Liver Disease Foundation (CLDF) is a UK charity taking action against the effects of childhood liver disease, providing information, emotional support, research funds and a voice for all affected. CLDF was founded in 1980 by the parents of a little boy named Michael McGough, who died before be could receive a liver transplant. The name was later changed to Children’s Liver Disease Foundation. Today the charity works in four main areas, support of families and young people affected by childhood liver disease, funding medical and social research into all aspects of childhood liver disease and

title: Liver transplantation

text: such patients for liver transplant. The controversy stems from the view of alcoholism as a self-inflicted disease and the perception that those with alcohol-induced damage are depriving other patients who could be considered more deserving. It is an important part of the selection process to differentiate transplant candidates who suffer from alcoholism as opposed to those who were susceptible to non-dependent alcohol use. The latter who gain control of alcohol use have a good prognosis following transplantation. Once a diagnosis of alcoholism has been established, however, it is necessary to assess the likelihood of future sobriety. Historically, HIV was considered

title: Doctor Who: A Celebration

text: to release it on DVD. Doctor Who: A Celebration Doctor Who: A Celebration was a concert performed for the BBC's annual "Children In Need" charity appeal at the Wales Millennium Centre, Cardiff on 19 November 2006. It featured suites of incidental music composed by Murray Gold from the first two series of the revived television show "Doctor Who", along with the reworked Doctor Who theme music. The suites were accompanied visually by clips from episodes related to the pieces. The show was hosted by David Tennant and featured the BBC National Orchestra of Wales conducted by Ben Foster, with the

title: Liver transplantation

text: potential donors should know there is a 0.5 to 1.0 percent chance of death. Other risks of donating a liver include bleeding, infection, painful incision, possibility of blood clots and a prolonged recovery. The vast majority of donors enjoy complete and full recovery within 2–3 months. In children, living liver donor transplantations have become very accepted. The accessibility of adult parents who want to donate a piece of the liver for their children/infants has reduced the number of children who would have otherwise died waiting for a transplant. Having a parent as a donor also has made it a lot

title: Doctor Who: A Celebration

text: Doctor Who: A Celebration Doctor Who: A Celebration was a concert performed for the BBC's annual "Children In Need" charity appeal at the Wales Millennium Centre, Cardiff on 19 November 2006. It featured suites of incidental music composed by Murray Gold from the first two series of the revived television show "Doctor Who", along with the reworked Doctor Who theme music. The suites were accompanied visually by clips from episodes related to the pieces. The show was hosted by David Tennant and featured the BBC National Orchestra of Wales conducted by Ben Foster, with the BBC National Chorus of Wales,

title: Liver cancer

text: whether due to spread of the initial tumor or formation of new tumors . Liver transplantation can also be considered in cases of HCC where this form of treatment can be tolerated and the tumor fits specific criteria (such as the Milan criteria). In general, patients who are being considered for liver transplantation have multiple hepatic lesions, severe underlying liver dysfunction, or both. Less than 30-40% of individuals with HCC are eligible for surgery and transplant because the cancer is often detected at a late stage. Also, HCC can progress during the waiting time for liver transplants, which can prevent

title: The Doctor (Doctor Who)

text: and therefore cannot be spoken. The character played by Peter Cushing in the films "Dr. Who and the Daleks" and "" referred to himself as "Dr. Who". However, these films are not considered part of the same narrative continuity as the television programme, as they were based upon two television serials featuring William Hartnell and made considerable alterations to the characters of the Doctor and his companions. Quite apart from his name, why the Doctor uses the title "The Doctor" has never been fully explained on screen. The Doctor, at first, said that he was not a physician, often referring

title: The Doctor (Doctor Who)

text: was to cast an actor in his mid-30s to 40s for the role of the Eleventh Doctor, despite casting Matt Smith, who is the youngest actor to ever have played the role. The actors who have played the lead role of the Doctor in the programme and the dates of their first and last regular television appearances in the role, are: Jodie Whittaker took over the role as the Thirteenth Doctor in the 2017 Christmas special. In addition to the above-listed actors, others have played versions of the Doctor for the duration of particular storylines. Notably, John Hurt guest starred

title: Liver transplantation

text: is based on (1) the remarkable regenerative capacities of the human liver and (2) the widespread shortage of cadaveric livers for patients awaiting transplant. In LDLT, a piece of healthy liver is surgically removed from a living person and transplanted into a recipient, immediately after the recipient’s diseased liver has been entirely removed. Historically, LDLT began with terminal pediatric patients, whose parents were motivated to risk donating a portion of their compatible healthy livers to replace their children's failing ones. The first report of successful LDLT was by Dr. Christoph Broelsch at the University of Chicago Medical Center in November

title: National Organ Transplant Act of 1984

text: transplants. A new drug, cyclosporin, that had been introduced had also increased the survival rate of liver transplant patients from 35% to 70% in a patients first year of undergoing a liver transplant. This made it clear that the legislation was aware of a growing need and also growing shortage of organs when NOTA was passed. NOTA made it illegal to compensate organ donors, but did not prevent payment for other forms of donations (such as human plasma, sperm, and egg cells). Although bone marrow is not an organ or a component of an organ, the act made paying bone

title: Christoph Broelsch

text: Christoph Broelsch Christoph Broelsch (born 14 September 1944 in Hanau) is a German surgeon and former high school teacher. Broelsch pioneered the liver transplant surgery. In January 26, 1988 he was the first to successfully completed a segment liver transplant. She is still alive and lives in Wilmington,Delaware her name is Che'Rea Barry.but she goes by her singer name Cherry A Capone. She is currently writing an autobiography about her life story and how she is the youngest liver transplant survivor today. She only was four months and two days old when Christoph completed his first segment liver transplant. She

title: Face transplant

text: scarring around the perimeter where the facial skin was sutured back on. Sandeep's doctor was Abraham Thomas, one of India's top microsurgeons. In 2004, Sandeep was training to be a nurse. In 1996, a similar operation was performed in the Australian state of Victoria, when a woman's face and scalp, torn off in a similar accident, was packed in ice and successfully reattached. In September 2018, a 49-year old woman affected by Neurofibromatosis type I received a partial face transplant from a 21-year old girl at Sant’Andrea Hospital of Sapienza University in Rome. The procedure took 27 hours and was

title: The Doctor (Doctor Who)

text: now the Time Lord social order has been destroyed, the Doctor may be able to regenerate indefinitely: "Now that his people are gone, who knows? Time Lords used to have 13 lives." In "The Christmas Invasion" (2005), it was stated the regenerative cycle creates a large amount of residual regeneration energy that suffuses the Time Lord's body. As demonstrated by the Tenth Doctor for the first time in that story, in the first fifteen hours of regeneration this energy is enough to even rapidly regrow a severed hand. In the case of the Doctor, his regenerations are usually a result

title: Liver failure

text: "Acute on chronic liver failure" is said to exist when someone with chronic liver disease develops features of liver failure. A number of underlying causes may precipitate this, such as alcohol misuse or infection. People with ACLF can be critically ill and require intensive care treatment, and occasionally a liver transplant. Mortality with treatment is 50%. Liver failure Liver failure or hepatic insufficiency is the inability of the liver to perform its normal synthetic and metabolic function as part of normal physiology. Two forms are recognised, acute and chronic. Recently a third form of liver failure known as acute-on-chronic liver

title: Children's Liver Disease Foundation

text: a medical series, with leaflets on the main liver diseases affecting children (biliary atresia, alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency, autoimmune hepatitis, hepatitis A, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, Wilson's disease etc.) CLDF has also produced a nutrition series, a support series for families and information written especially for children and young people. CLDF also provides the paediatric liver transplant units with a series of leaflets on transplantation to accompany the paediatric liver transplant programme. CLDF’s prolonged jaundice awareness campaign, "Yellow Alert" aims to promote the early identification and appropriate referral of babies with prolonged jaundice – a sign of possible liver disease. Children's

title: Doctor Who: Return to Earth

text: Lucy Gray, which was the first ship to return to Earth after the solar storms of the 26th century. However, on the ship are the Daleks and Cybermen, who are after the dangerous Time Axis. The Doctor and Amy must prevent them from obtaining it. On 12 March 2010, it was first reported that Nintendo had signed a £10 million contract with the BBC to bring Doctor Who to the Wii and DS consoles. On 24 August 2010, it was revealed the game would be titled "Doctor Who: Return to Earth" and would be released with a DS counterpart titled

title: The Doctor (Doctor Who)

text: elaborate that the Doctor chose the name as a promise for the sort of man he wants to be: "Never cruel or cowardly. Never giving up and never giving in." By contrast, the Eleventh Doctor spoke of the War Doctor (John Hurt) as being the man who broke that promise, being the one to fight in the Time War before learning the actual fate of the Time Lords. Since contradicted by the television series, the 2003 Telos novella "Frayed" by Tara Samms, set prior to the programme's first episode in 1963, presents the alternative explanation that the Doctor was given

title: The Doctor (Doctor Who)

text: to the anaesthetics affecting his physiology (1996 "Doctor Who" television film). While his regeneration first appeared to be smooth ("The Parting of the Ways"), the Tenth Doctor began to experience spasms and became somewhat manic, frightening his companion as he pushed the TARDIS to dangerous extremes (). After crash-landing the TARDIS, the Doctor collapsed and remained unconscious for most of the next fifteen hours ("The Christmas Invasion"). The experience was traumatic enough to cause one of his hearts to temporarily stop beating. The TARDIS appears to aid in the regenerative process, with few occasions where the Doctor regenerates outside it.

title: The Doctor (Doctor Who)

text: his name, this conversation ensues: "I'm the Doctor." "Doctor? That's a profession, not a name." "It's all I have." To his greatest enemies, the Daleks, the Doctor is known as the "Ka Faraq Gatri," the "Enemy of the Daleks", the "Bringer of Darkness" or "Destroyer of Worlds". This is first mentioned in the novelisation of "Remembrance of the Daleks" by Ben Aaronovitch and subsequently taken up in the spin-off media, particularly the Virgin New Adventures books and the "Doctor Who Magazine" comic strip. Davros uses the title "Destroyer of Worlds" to describe the Doctor in "Journey's End" (2008). In the

title: The Doctor (Doctor Who)

text: that name by medical staff on a foreign planet and liked it. To make up for his lack of a practical name, the Doctor often relies upon convenient pseudonyms. In "The Gunfighters" (1966), the First Doctor uses the alias Dr. Caligari. In "The Highlanders" (1966–67), the Second Doctor assumes the name of "Doctor von Wer" (a German approximation of "Doctor Who"), and signs himself as "Dr. W" in "The Underwater Menace." He similarly poses as "the Great Wizard Quiquaequod" in "The Dæmons" ("qui", "quae" and "quod" being, respectively, the masculine, feminine and neuter Latin translation of the nominative form of

title: Liver transplantation

text: an adult liver is used for an infant or small child. Further developments in this area included split liver transplantation, in which one liver is used for transplants for two recipients, and living donor liver transplantation, in which a portion of a healthy person's liver is removed and used as the allograft. Living donor liver transplantation for pediatric recipients involves removal of approximately 20% of the liver (Couinaud segments 2 and 3). Further advance in liver transplant involves only resection of the lobe of the liver involved in tumors and the tumor-free lobe remains within the recipient. This speeds up

title: The Doctor (Doctor Who)

text: "The End of Time "and revealed that the interference of the future Doctors and future companion Clara Oswald caused the War Doctor to change his plan at the last moment. Ultimately, Gallifrey was hidden in a parallel dimension and the Daleks destroyed themselves in the ensuing crossfire; to all observers, it appeared as though the two races had been annihilated together. The character of the Doctor was created by BBC Head of Drama, Sydney Newman. The first format document for the programme that was to become "Doctor Who" – then provisionally titled "The Troubleshooters" – was written in March 1963

title: Liver transplantation

text: and hepatic artery. After blood flow is restored to the new liver, the biliary (bile duct) anastomosis is constructed, either to the recipient's own bile duct or to the small intestine. The surgery usually takes between five and six hours, but may be longer or shorter due to the difficulty of the operation and the experience of the surgeon. The large majority of liver transplants use the entire liver from a non-living donor for the transplant, particularly for adult recipients. A major advance in pediatric liver transplantation was the development of reduced size liver transplantation, in which a portion of

title: Chronic liver disease

text: examined underneath a microscope. The treatment of chronic liver disease depends on the cause. Specific conditions may be treated with medications including corticosteroids, interferon, antivirals, bile acids or other drugs. Supportive therapy for complications of cirrhosis include diuretics, albumin, vitamin K, blood products, antibiotics and nutritional therapy. Other patients may require surgery or a transplant. Transplant is required when the liver fails and there is no other alternative. Many herbal and antioxidant remedies have been advocated for chronic liver disease but the evidence is not conclusive. Some support may be found in the orthodox medical use of two of these:

title: The Doctor (Doctor Who)

text: Doctor, characters reply "Doctor who?" The story arc running throughout the tenure of the Eleventh Doctor involved the oldest question in the universe, revealed in "The Wedding of River Song" to be "Doctor who?", giving the phrase in-universe significance. In "The Name of the Doctor", the Doctor's real name was revealed to be the password used to enter the Doctor's tomb following his death on the planet Trenzalore. The story arc was resolved in "The Time of the Doctor", wherein it was revealed to be projected by the Time Lords across all of time and space through a "crack in

title: Liver transplantation

text: increase in white blood count and graft-site tenderness. Three types of graft rejection may occur: hyperacute rejection, acute rejection, and chronic rejection. Before transplantation, liver-support therapy might be indicated (bridging-to-transplantation). Artificial liver support like liver dialysis or bioartificial liver support concepts are currently under preclinical and clinical evaluation. Virtually all liver transplants are done in an orthotopic fashion; that is, the native liver is removed and the new liver is placed in the same anatomic location. The transplant operation can be conceptualized as consisting of the hepatectomy (liver removal) phase, the anhepatic (no liver) phase, and the postimplantation phase. The

title: The Invasion (Doctor Who)

text: The Invasion (Doctor Who) The Invasion is the partly missing third serial of the sixth season of the British science fiction television series "Doctor Who", which was first broadcast in eight weekly parts from 2 November to 21 December 1968. It marks the first appearance of UNIT and, notably, Corporal Benton, later to become a Sergeant during the Third Doctor era. It was the first incomplete "Doctor Who" serial to be released with full-length animated reconstructions of its two missing episodes. After escaping the Land of Fiction, the Doctor, Jamie and Zoe find that they have materialized near the Moon

title: A Christmas Carol (Doctor Who)

text: "Doctor Who – The 10 Christmas Specials" on 19 October 2015. A Christmas Carol (Doctor Who) "A Christmas Carol" is an episode of the British science fiction television programme "Doctor Who". It is the sixth "Doctor Who" Christmas special since the programme's revival in 2005, and was broadcast on 25 December 2010 on both BBC One and BBC America, making it the first episode to premiere on the same day in both the United Kingdom and United States. It was written by Steven Moffat and directed by Toby Haynes. In the episode, a crashing space liner with more than four

title: The Doctor (Doctor Who)

text: later woven into the Doctor. References to the Doctor's family are rare in the programme. During the first two seasons he travelled with his granddaughter, Susan Foreman, who has since been referred to occasionally and who returned in "The Five Doctors". In "The Tomb of the Cybermen" when asked about his family, the Second Doctor says his memories of them are alive when he wants them to be otherwise they sleep in his mind and he forgets. In "The Curse of Fenric," when asked if he has family, the Seventh Doctor replies that he does not know. In the 1996

title: Doctor Who: The Tenth Doctor Adventures

text:
/>
 Doctor Who: The Tenth Doctor Adventures The Tenth Doctor Adventures, announced in October 2015, is a Big Finish Productions audio play series based on the television series "Doctor Who". It sees the return of David Tennant as the Tenth Doctor and Catherine Tate as Donna Noble. The first trilogy of stories was released in May 2016. In November 2017 a second volume was released, featuring the Tenth Doctor and Rose Tyler. A third volume is due to be released in 2019 with Tate reprising her role as Donna.

<section end=series2

title: Doctor Who: The Tenth Doctor Adventures

text:
Doctor Who: The Tenth Doctor Adventures The Tenth Doctor Adventures, announced in October 2015, is a Big Finish Productions audio play series based on the television series "Doctor Who". It sees the return of David Tennant as the Tenth Doctor and Catherine Tate as Donna Noble. The first trilogy of stories was released in May 2016. In November 2017 a second volume was released, featuring the Tenth Doctor and Rose Tyler. A third volume is due to be released in 2019 with Tate reprising her role as Donna.

 <section begin=series3

title: The Doctor (Doctor Who)

text: Caligari and subsequently responds to the question "Doctor who?" with "yes, quite right". Question marks adorning his costuming in the 1980s seem to imply the "Who" moniker. The only real exceptions are the computer WOTAN in the serial "The War Machines", which commands that "Doctor Who is required" and, towards the end of the Second Doctor serial "Fury from the Deep", the Doctor is addressed as "Doctor Who" by Mr Harris during the dinner party. The Third Doctor's car, dubbed "Bessie", carried the plate WHO 1, the only ongoing reference to the "Doctor Who" enigma in the original programme. The

title: My Chopped Liver

text: with their significant others, Dr. Cox and Keith. Dr. Kelso's dog Baxter died and he can't help but cry. Determined to hide this side of him from the hospital staff, he enlists Carla to act as a middle man and intercept anyone who needs to see him. The episode's storyline regarding a liver transplant led to a nomination at "The Sentinel for Health Awards" in 2006 in the primetime comedy section. My Chopped Liver "My Chopped Liver" is the 17th episode of season five and the 110th episode of the American situation comedy "Scrubs". It originally aired on April 4,

title: Doctor Who: The Third Doctor Adventures

text: Doctor Who: The Third Doctor Adventures "The Third Doctor Adventures" is a Big Finish Productions audio play series based on the TV show Doctor Who. It sees the return of Katy Manning as Jo Grant and Richard Franklin as Mike Yates, while the voice of the Third Doctor is performed by Tim Treloar replacing the original actor, Jon Pertwee, who died in 1996. The first set of stories was released in September 2015. A second and third volume were released November 2016 and August 2017 respectively. A fourth volume was released in March 2018. A fifth volume was confirmed in

title: The Monk (Doctor Who)

text: The Monk (Doctor Who) The Monk is a fictional character in the British science fiction television series "Doctor Who". Played by the British actor Peter Butterworth, the character appeared in two stories, "The Time Meddler" and "The Daleks' Master Plan", as an adversary of the First Doctor. They were written and co-written respectively by Dennis Spooner. Other than the Doctor and Susan, the Monk was the first member of the Doctor's species to appear in the programme, and the second "Doctor Who" villain (after the Daleks) to make a return appearance. The Monk was the possessor of a stolen Mark

title: The Doctor (Doctor Who)

text: Third Doctor later drove an outlandish vehicle called the "Whomobile" in publicity materials, but it is never referred to as such in the programme, being simply known as "the Doctor's car" or "my car", as the Doctor puts it. The name "Doctor Who" is used in the title of the serial "Doctor Who and the Silurians", but this was a captioning error rather than an in-story mention. The only other time this occurs is in the title of episode five of "The Chase", which is titled "The Death of Doctor Who". In "World Enough and Time" (2017), the Doctor's old

title: The Doctor (Doctor Who)

text: planet is protected. The Atraxi then shows 10 images, one of each Doctor from the first to the tenth, with the eleventh walking through the image of the tenth at the end. This is confirmed in the episode "The Lodger", when the Doctor, explaining to Craig who and what he is, points at his face and says, "Eleventh." Because each new Doctor is different from his previous incarnations, how their personalities interact varies when two or more different incarnations encounter each other. "Time Crash" featured Peter Davison returning as the Fifth Doctor. This event is explained as occurring due to

title: Doctor Who: Destiny of the Doctor

text: official shop) released it later in the month. The appearance of a planned box set of all 11 releases (plus a bonus disc featuring interviews with cast and crew) was also cast into doubt, but released by Big Finish in December. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> Doctor Who: Destiny of the Doctor Doctor Who: Destiny of the Doctor is a series of audiobooks produced by Big Finish Productions for AudioGo. They were released monthly through the first eleven months of 2013 to celebrate the 50th anniversary of British television series "Doctor Who". The series – composed of eleven separate releases, one for each incarnation

title: Model for End-Stage Liver Disease

text: Model for End-Stage Liver Disease The Model for End-Stage Liver Disease, or MELD, is a scoring system for assessing the severity of chronic liver disease. It was initially developed to predict mortality within three months of surgery in patients who had undergone a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) procedure, and was subsequently found to be useful in determining prognosis and prioritizing for receipt of a liver transplant. This score is now used by the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) and Eurotransplant for prioritizing allocation of liver transplants instead of the older Child-Pugh score. MELD uses the patient's values for

title: Doctor Who: The Commentaries

text: day after the first episode of Series 4 of "Doctor Who", "Partners in Crime", had been broadcast for the first time on BBC One. Prior to the broadcast of the first episode, "Doctor Who: The Commentaries" was thought to be a 'recap show' discussing the "Doctor Who" episode shown the previous day on BBC One in the style of "Heroes The Official Radio Show" that had aired on BBC 7 in 2007. The show actually comprises edited 30 minute versions of audio commentaries recorded to accompany new episodes of "Doctor Who" similar to those made available as podcasts on the

title: The Doctor (Doctor Who)

text: and the junkyard in which they find him bears the sign "I.M. Foreman". When addressed by Ian with this name, the Doctor responds, "Eh? Doctor who? What's he talking about?" Later, when Ian realises that "Foreman" is not the Doctor's name, Ian asks Barbara, "Who is he? Doctor who?" In an ultimately unused idea from documents written at the programme's inception, Barbara and Ian would have subsequently referred to the Doctor as "Doctor Who", given their not knowing his name. Throughout both the classic and revived programme, a running joke is that when the Doctor is introduced as just the

title: My Chopped Liver

text: My Chopped Liver "My Chopped Liver" is the 17th episode of season five and the 110th episode of the American situation comedy "Scrubs". It originally aired on April 4, 2006 on NBC. J.D. hangs out with Turk on one of his rare nights off, resulting in Turk getting behind in his work and getting in trouble with Dr. Wen. The two treat a patient with jaundice who needs a liver transplant from his brother. Unexpectedly, the donor nearly dies when one of his sutures comes undone and he must be rushed to the operating room. Jordan and Elliot double date

title: The Doctor (Doctor Who)

text: popularity led "The Daily Telegraph" to dub him "Britain's favourite alien". UGO Networks listed the Doctor as one of their best heroes of all time. The Doctor (Doctor Who) The Doctor is the title character in the long-running BBC science fiction television programme "Doctor Who". Since the show's inception in 1963, the character has been portrayed by thirteen lead actors. In the programme, "the Doctor" is the alias assumed by a centuries-old alien—a Time Lord from the planet Gallifrey—who travels through space and time in the TARDIS, frequently with companions. The transition to each succeeding actor is explained within the

title: Doctor Who: Destiny of the Doctor

text: Doctor Who: Destiny of the Doctor Doctor Who: Destiny of the Doctor is a series of audiobooks produced by Big Finish Productions for AudioGo. They were released monthly through the first eleven months of 2013 to celebrate the 50th anniversary of British television series "Doctor Who". The series – composed of eleven separate releases, one for each incarnation of the Doctor – is performed in the third-person by an actor associated with each era of the show, with additional dialogue provided by a guest actor, in a similar vein to Big Finish's own "The Companion Chronicles" series. The series is

title: The Doctor Who Years

text: 'hits' during its first few months. The video was presented in three parts, The Sixties, The Seventies and The Eighties, and featured material from every "Doctor Who" serial, presented chronologically and accompanied by narrative text and pop music that had featured in the UK Singles Chart at the time the clips were originally broadcast. The Doctor Who Years The Doctor Who Years was a streaming video, charting the history of the British science fiction television series "Doctor Who", which was broadcast on BBCi's official "Doctor Who" website, where it is no longer available for viewing. It was produced to coincide

title: The Doctor (Doctor Who)

text: 1978 serial "The Invasion of Time", the Fourth Doctor is asked to sign a document; although the signature itself is not directly seen on screen, his hand movements clearly indicate that he signs it with a question mark. A similar scene occurs with the Seventh Doctor in "Remembrance of the Daleks." In the early years of the franchise, the character was credited as "Doctor Who" or "Dr Who", up to the final story of season 18, "Logopolis" (1981), which was the last story featuring Tom Baker as the then-incumbent Fourth Doctor. Beginning with the debut of Peter Davison as the

title: Doctor Who spin-offs

text: the second serial of the programme if it had not been rejected. The story features the Doctor and his companions encountering an ancient civilisation of deactivated robots. "Doctor Who" was successfully brought back to television in 2005, but for many years there were no plans to novelise episodes from the 21st century version of the programme. Instead, the BBC published original novels featuring the Ninth Doctor, Tenth Doctor, Eleventh Doctor and Twelfth Doctor, and a hardback script book containing the shooting scripts for the 2005 series. Scripts for later seasons have not yet been published as of 2018, though 2005-2009

title: Twice Upon a Time (Doctor Who)

text: Twice Upon a Time (Doctor Who) "Twice Upon a Time" is an episode of the British science fiction television series "Doctor Who", written by Steven Moffat, directed by Rachel Talalay, and was broadcast as the thirteenth Christmas special on 25 December 2017 on BBC One. It features the final regular appearance of Peter Capaldi as the Twelfth Doctor, the first official appearance of Jodie Whittaker as the Thirteenth Doctor, and guest-stars David Bradley as the First Doctor, having previously portrayed original First Doctor actor William Hartnell in the 2013 docudrama "An Adventure in Space and Time". Pearl Mackie guest stars

title: The Doctor (Doctor Who)

text: Fifth Doctor in "Castrovalva" (1982), the character was credited as "The Doctor", which he had been referred to in-universe since the tenure of William Hartnell. This credit remained from season 19 to season 26. In the television movie, the trend is continued, with Paul McGann's debuting Eighth Doctor credited as "The Doctor" and Sylvester McCoy's out-going Seventh Doctor as "The Old Doctor". The 2005 resurrection of the programme credited Christopher Eccleston – playing the Ninth Doctor – as "Doctor Who" again in series 1. "The Parting of the Ways", featuring the Ninth Doctor's regeneration into the Tenth Doctor (David Tennant)

title: The Doctor (Doctor Who)

text: Doctor Who writer Terrance Dicks, the same author who wrote "The Five Doctors". In it, he tries to reconcile the continuity errors of the 1996 movie, while having the Eighth Doctor meet and interact with each of his previous selves, although the Eighth Doctor visited each incarnation one at a time rather than all eight of them appearing in the same place. Later Eighth Doctor novel "Interference – Book One" sees the Eighth Doctor briefly meeting the Third, although this occasion results in the Doctor unwittingly changing his own history so that the Third Doctor will regenerate ahead of schedule

title: The Aztecs (Doctor Who)

text: of "The Doctors Revisited 1–4", alongside a documentary on the First Doctor. An action figure of Tlotoxl was released by Harlequin Miniatures in 1999. Notes Footnotes The Aztecs (Doctor Who) The Aztecs is the sixth serial in the British science fiction television series "Doctor Who", which was first broadcast on BBC1 in four weekly parts from 23 May to 13 June 1964. It was written by John Lucarotti and directed by John Crockett. In the serial, the First Doctor (William Hartnell), his granddaughter Susan (Carole Ann Ford), and teachers Ian Chesterton (William Russell) and Barbara Wright (Jacqueline Hill) arrive in

title: Face transplant

text: country's fourth and their second full face transplant. The face and ears of 27-year-old patient Turan Çolak from Izmir were burnt when he fell into an oven when he was three and half years old. The donor was Tevfik Yılmaz, a 19-year-old man from Uşak who had attempted suicide on 8 May. He was declared brain dead in the evening hours of 15 May after having been in intensive care for seven days. His parents donated all his organs. On 18 July 2013, the face of a Polish man was successfully given to a Turkish man in a transplant performed

title: Doctor Who: The Commentaries

text: official "Doctor Who" website to accompany episodes from Series 2 and Series 3 of "Doctor Who" and similar to the commentaries on "Doctor Who" DVD releases. In each episode of "Doctor Who: The Commentaries", members of the cast and crew discuss the latest new episode of "Doctor Who" whilst watching it. For example, Producer Phil Collinson and David Tennant and Catherine Tate, who play respectively the Doctor and Donna Noble in "Doctor Who", feature in the first show discussing "Partners in Crime". The full 45 minute audio commentaries for episodes from Series 4 were available as the "Doctor Who: The

title: The Doctor (Doctor Who)

text: Ninth Doctor already regenerated and fully stabilised, with no explanation given. In his first appearance in "Rose" (2005), the Doctor looked in a mirror and commented on the size of his ears, suggesting that the regeneration may have happened shortly prior to the episode, or that he has not examined his reflection recently. Some draw the conclusion that the Ninth Doctor's appearances in old photographs, without being accompanied by Rose, may suggest that he had been regenerated for some time, but these appearances could have occurred afterwards. Russell T Davies, writer/producer of the new series, stated in "Doctor Who Magazine"

title: Model for End-Stage Liver Disease

text: a diagnosis of liver cancer will be assigned a MELD score based on how advanced the cancer is. In interpreting the MELD Score in hospitalized patients, the 3 month observed mortality (considering 3437 adult liver transplant candidates with chronic liver disease who were added to the OPTN waiting list at 2A or 2B status between November, 1999, and December, 2001) is: Applications of MELD score: MELD was originally developed at the Mayo Clinic by Dr. Patrick Kamath, and at that point was called the "Mayo End-stage Liver Disease" score. It was derived in a series of patients undergoing TIPS procedures.

title: Liver support systems

text: statistically significance increase in transplant-free survival compared with the others patients of the study. Notably, 75% of the patients underwent liver transplantation in the first 24 hours after inclusion in the waiting list, and besides the short exposure to MARS therapy, some patients showed a better survival trend compared to controls, when they were treated with MARS prior to the transplant. In a case-controlled study by Montejo "et al". it was reported that MARS treatment do not decrease mortality directly; however, the treatment contributed to significantly improve survival in patients that were transplanted. In studies by Mitzner "et al". and

title: A Christmas Carol (Doctor Who)

text: A Christmas Carol (Doctor Who) "A Christmas Carol" is an episode of the British science fiction television programme "Doctor Who". It is the sixth "Doctor Who" Christmas special since the programme's revival in 2005, and was broadcast on 25 December 2010 on both BBC One and BBC America, making it the first episode to premiere on the same day in both the United Kingdom and United States. It was written by Steven Moffat and directed by Toby Haynes. In the episode, a crashing space liner with more than four thousand people on board has been caught in a strange cloud

title: The Doctor (Doctor Who)

text: The Doctor (Doctor Who) The Doctor is the title character in the long-running BBC science fiction television programme "Doctor Who". Since the show's inception in 1963, the character has been portrayed by thirteen lead actors. In the programme, "the Doctor" is the alias assumed by a centuries-old alien—a Time Lord from the planet Gallifrey—who travels through space and time in the TARDIS, frequently with companions. The transition to each succeeding actor is explained within the show's narrative through the plot device of "regeneration", a biological function of the Time Lord race that allows a change of cellular structure and appearance

title: Doctor Who: The Music

text: 3"" single, which featured a mix of music from the serial "The Mind of Evil" with sound effects from "Planet of the Daleks" before finishing with Simpson's "Master's Theme". Selections from both this compilation and its follow-up, "Doctor Who - The Music II", were also re-used on the 1994 Silva Screen compilation "The Best Of Doctor Who Volume 1 - The Five Doctors". Doctor Who: The Music Doctor Who: The Music is a 1983 compilation of music from the BBC Radiophonic Workshop featuring incidental music from the popular science-fiction television series "Doctor Who". The album was the first full-length to

title: Doctor Who: Return to Earth

text: Doctor Who: Return to Earth Doctor Who: Return to Earth is a video game for the Nintendo Wii based on the BBC TV series "Doctor Who", developed by British studio Asylum Entertainment. The game was released for distribution in limited markets, including the United Kingdom, Australia, and selected European markets. The game is written by "Doctor Who" writer Oli Smith and features Matt Smith and Karen Gillan providing voices for their characters. It was the second "Doctor Who" video game released for the Wii after the Wii port of "". The Doctor and Amy arrive on the deserted starship the

title: The Doctor (Doctor Who)

text: of the Dead", confirmed to have been his name towards the end of "Forest of the Dead". The events of "The Time of the Doctor" make it clear that his people, the Time Lords, know his true name, despite referring to him by his chosen alias as "the Doctor", even in formal settings such as court. Although listed in the on-screen credits for nearly twenty years as "Doctor Who" or "Dr Who", the Doctor is seldom called by that name in the programme, except in a tongue-in-cheek manner. For example, in "The Gunfighters" the Doctor assumes the name of Doctor

title: Doctor Who

text: "The Chase" released in 1966. Ten years later, the first original Doctor Who audio was released on LP record; "Doctor Who and the Pescatons" featuring the Fourth Doctor. The first commercially available audiobook was an abridged reading of the Fourth Doctor story "State of Decay" in 1981. In 1988, during a hiatus in the television show, "Slipback", the first radio drama, was transmitted. Since 1999, Big Finish Productions has released several different series of Doctor Who audios on CD. The earliest of these featured the Fifth, Sixth and Seventh Doctors, with Paul McGann's Eight Doctor joining the line in 2001.

title: The Doctor (Doctor Who)

text: Russell T Davies states that he created the character to be the Doctor's mother and this is what actress Claire Bloom was told when she was cast. In spin-off media, several individuals related to the Doctor have made appearances which don't appear in the television series, such as his grandchildren John and Gillian, who appeared alongside the First and Second Doctors in comics and annuals. Two different, conflicting accounts exist on the descendants of Susan after leaving the Doctor. In the audio play "An Earthly Child", it is revealed that Susan has had a child, Alex Campbell, the Doctor's great-grandson.

title: The Ark (Doctor Who)

text: The Ark (Doctor Who) The Ark is the fifth serial of the third season of the British science fiction television series "Doctor Who", which was first broadcast in four weekly parts from 5 to 26 March 1966. The serial is set in the far distant future, at least ten million years. In the first two episodes of the serial, the time traveller the First Doctor (William Hartnell) and his travelling companions Steven Taylor (Peter Purves) and Dodo Chaplet (Jackie Lane) arrive on a generation ship Dodo names "the Ark", where the Doctor searches for a cure for a fever that

title: Doctor Who: Return to Earth

text: trying to avoid them. The reviewers went on to state that the game had only two good points, the Sonic Screwdriver Wii remote cover and that it makes "" look like a masterpiece. Metro called the game as "irremediably awful" with a score 1 out of 10. Digital Spy also reviewed Return to Earth, saying that "The Doctor's first true Wii outing is poorly designed and incredibly frustrating to play." Doctor Who: Return to Earth Doctor Who: Return to Earth is a video game for the Nintendo Wii based on the BBC TV series "Doctor Who", developed by British studio

title: The Doctor (Doctor Who)

text: credits Tennant as "Doctor Who". The credit reverted to "The Doctor" for 2005's Christmas special "The Christmas Invasion" and all subsequent stories at Tennant's request. Matt Smith, Peter Capaldi and Jodie Whittaker have continued to be credited as "The Doctor". John Hurt plays a mysterious past incarnation of the Doctor in the 50th anniversary special "The Day of the Doctor", with minor roles in "The Name of the Doctor" and mini-episode "The Night of the Doctor", created as a "mayfly Doctor" by Steven Moffat. In the television episodes, he is credited as "The Doctor", but he is introduced as "The

title: Twice Upon a Time (Doctor Who)

text: the Daleks" (2012) and shown in "The Magician's Apprentice" (2015). The Weapons Factories of Villengard were originally mentioned in "The Doctor Dances" (Steven Moffat's first "Doctor Who" story), where the Ninth Doctor implied that he was responsible for their destruction. The Doctor addresses his original incarnation as "Mary Berry", "Corporal Jones", and "Mr. Pastry". Mr. Pastry was a children's show character played by actor Richard Hearne, who was once considered for the role of the Fourth Doctor. Hearne, however, wanted to play the Doctor as a version of Mr. Pastry, so he was passed over in favour of Tom Baker.

title: The Doctor (Doctor Who)

text: episodes. She is later revealed to be a dissident Time Lady, who opposed the Time Lord High Council's plan to escape the Time War. When she reveals her face to the Doctor, his reaction indicates that he recognises her. Julie Gardner, in the episode's commentary, states that while some have speculated that the Time Lady is the Doctor's mother, neither she nor Russell T. Davies are willing to comment on her identity. When later asked by Wilfred who she was, the Doctor evades answering the question, making their connection unclear. In "Doctor Who: The Writer's Tale – The Final Chapter",

title: The Doctor (Doctor Who)

text: "who"). The Master was utilising Latin translation in the same serial, posing as "Mr Magister". The Eighth Doctor's companion Grace briefly refers to him by the alias "Dr. Bowman" in the 1996 "Doctor Who" television movie. In "The Wheel in Space" (1968), his companion Jamie McCrimmon, reading the name on medical equipment, tells the crew of the Wheel that the Doctor's name is "John Smith". The Doctor subsequently adopts this alias numerous times over the course of the programme, sometimes prefixing the title "Doctor" to it. In the audio adventure, "The Sirens of Time", when the Fifth Doctor is asked

title: The Doctor (Doctor Who)

text: 2003, Tom Baker mentioned that the Doctor is called so because he is "a doctor of time and relative dimension in space". Apart from being called a doctor of the TARDIS, the Doctor has been referred to as a "doctor of time travel." The revived programme establishes that Time Lords invent their own names. In "The Sound of Drums" (2007), the Tenth Doctor remarks to the Master that they both chose their names, with the Master calling him sanctimonious for identifying himself as "the man who makes people better." "The Name of the Doctor" and "The Day of the Doctor"

title: The Doctor (Doctor Who)

text: of the World" (2005). Writer and "Doctor Who" executive producer Steven Moffat has gone further, arguing that "a television series which embraces both the ideas of parallel universes and the concept of changing time can't have a continuity error – it's impossible for "Doctor Who" to get it wrong, because we can just say 'he changed time' ". Some of the stories during the Seventh Doctor's tenure, part of the so-called "Cartmel Masterplan", were intended to deal with this issue by suggesting that much of what was believed about the Doctor was wrong and that he was a far more

title: Ann Harrison (lung transplant recipient)

text: Ann Harrison (lung transplant recipient) Ann Harrison (September 24, 1944 – April 20, 2001) was the recipient of the world's first successful human double lung transplant. She survived for almost fifteen years after the surgery and died of unrelated causes. Harrison suffered from end-stage emphysema and thoracic surgeon Joel D. Cooper had told her that without surgery, she had only a few months to live. The operation was performed at Toronto General Hospital on November 26, 1986, when she received the lungs of an 18-year-old Kingston, Ontario, native who had recently died in a car accident. Cooper had previously successfully

title: High-dose chemotherapy and bone marrow transplant

text: fight off infection, people who undergo the treatment are advised to take precautions regarding sanitation and are often placed in private hospital rooms with special air filters to reduce possibility of infection. Soon after treatment, patients have low red and white blood cell counts, and are thus usually placed on antibiotics to keep them from getting infections. Side effects of the treatment include heart, lung, stomach, kidney, or liver problems, among others. High-dose chemotherapy and bone marrow transplant High-dose chemotherapy and bone marrow transplant (HDC/BMT), also high-dose chemotherapy with autologous bone marrow transplant (HDC/ABMT or just ABMT), was a treatment

title: Doctor Who: The Music

text: Doctor Who: The Music Doctor Who: The Music is a 1983 compilation of music from the BBC Radiophonic Workshop featuring incidental music from the popular science-fiction television series "Doctor Who". The album was the first full-length to feature solely music from the programme. The collection was produced by Workshop member and long-time "Doctor Who" sound-effects creator Dick Mills. It featured the original Delia Derbyshire arrangement of Ron Grainer's theme tune and music by Malcolm Clarke from the 1972 serial "The Sea Devils", which was only the second to have an incidental score provided completely by the Radiophonic Workshop. Most of

title: The Doctor (Doctor Who)

text: the skin of the universe" as a means of contacting the Doctor and seeing whether it was safe to leave the parallel universe in which their planet, Gallifrey, had been left following the events of "The Day of the Doctor". This arc was penned by Steven Moffat, who has been exploring the significance of the Doctor's name in his episodes since 2006's "The Girl in the Fireplace", in which historical figure Madame de Pompadour reads the Doctor's mind and remarks, "Doctor who? It's more than just a secret, isn't it?" According to the in-vision commentary on the DVD release, David

title: Liver support systems

text: disease demonstrated a transient effect from MARS treatments to significantly decrease their hepatic encephalopathy scores by at least 2 grades compared to standard medical therapy (SMT). The MARS is not indicated as a bridge to liver transplant. Safety and efficacy has not been demonstrated in controlled, randomized clinical trials. The effectiveness of the MARS device in patients that are sedated could not be established in clinical studies and therefore cannot be predicted in sedated patients Liver support systems Liver support systems are therapeutic devices to assist in performing the functions of the liver in persons with liver damage. The primary