query: Who was the first person to reach the south pole?

title: Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station

text: operational season from October to February. In recent years the winter-time population has been around 50 people. The Amundsen–Scott South Pole Scientific Station is the southernmost habitation on Earth. It is continuously inhabited. Its name honors Roald Amundsen, whose Norwegian expedition reached the Geographic South Pole in December 1911, and Robert F. Scott, whose British expedition of five men reached the South Pole about one month later (in January 1912) in a race to become the first person ever to reach the South Pole. All of Scott's expedition perished during the journey back towards the coast, while all of Amundsen's

title: Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station

text: visiting the Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station, Antarctica, as part of a tourist group, when he fell ill and was evacuated, first to McMurdo Station and from there to Christchurch, New Zealand, where he was reported to be in stable condition. Aldrin's visit at age 86 makes him the oldest person to ever reach the South Pole. In the summer of 2016–17 Anthony Bourdain filmed part of an episode of his television show "" at the station. Science and life at the Amundsen-Scott South Pole station is documented in Dr. John Bird’s award-winning book, "One Day, One Night: Portraits of the

title: South Pole

text: (C-47 Skytrain) aircraft. The US Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station was established by air over 1956–1957 for the International Geophysical Year and has been continuously staffed since then by research and support personnel. After Amundsen and Scott, the next people to reach the South Pole "overland" (albeit with some air support) were Edmund Hillary (January 4, 1958) and Vivian Fuchs (January 19, 1958) and their respective parties, during the Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition. There have been many subsequent expeditions to arrive at the South Pole by surface transportation, including those by Havola, Crary and Fiennes. The first group of women to reach

title: Pole to Pole

text: flying there on a small aeroplane fitted with skis. The North Pole scene was filmed in May 1992, after the rest of the series had been shot, as weather conditions were more suitable then as the ice was too fragile the previous year. From there, he heads to Greenland, then the Norwegian island of Spitsbergen, where the towns of Ny Ålesund and Longyearbyen are located. From there he sails across the Barents Sea on a supply ship to the Norwegian port city of Tromsø, where he visits a statue of Roald Amundsen, the first man to reach the South Pole.

title: Amundsen's South Pole expedition

text: South Pole Station, to honour the memories of both polar pioneers. In a paper published 100 years after the Amundsen expedition, researchers claimed that the tent and flags are buried under of ice and about a minute of latitude north of the South Pole, or about one nautical mile. Scott's party was the last to see the tent, which they found on 18 January 1912. Henry Robertson Bowers took a photo of the tent, but died returning from the Pole. Notes References Amundsen's South Pole expedition The first expedition to reach the geographic South Pole was led by the Norwegian

title: South Pole

text: planet pulls the atmosphere toward the equator. The South Pole is colder than the North Pole because of the elevation difference. The North Pole is a few feet from sea level. In midsummer, as the sun reaches its maximum elevation of about 23.5 degrees, high temperatures at the South Pole in January average at . As the six-month "day" wears on and the sun gets lower, temperatures drop as well: they reach around sunset (late March) and sunrise (late September). In midwinter, the average temperature remains steady at around . The highest temperature ever recorded at the Amundsen–Scott South Pole

title: Amundsen's South Pole expedition

text: Amundsen's South Pole expedition The first expedition to reach the geographic South Pole was led by the Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen. He and four others arrived at the pole on 14 December 1911, five weeks ahead of a British party led by Robert Falcon Scott as part of the Terra Nova Expedition. Amundsen and his team returned safely to their base, and later knew that Scott and his four companions had died on their return journey. Amundsen's initial plans had focused on the Arctic and the conquest of the North Pole by means of an extended drift in an icebound

title: South Pole

text: men to reach the Geographic South Pole were the Norwegian Roald Amundsen and his party on December 14, 1911. Amundsen named his camp Polheim and the entire plateau surrounding the Pole "King Haakon VII Vidde" in honour of King Haakon VII of Norway. Robert Falcon Scott returned to Antarctica with his second expedition, the Terra Nova Expedition, initially unaware of Amundsen's secretive expedition. Scott and four other men reached the South Pole on January 17, 1912, thirty-four days after Amundsen. On the return trip, Scott and his four companions all died of starvation and extreme cold. In 1914 Ernest Shackleton's

title: Pole to Pole

text: Chile. From there he waits anxiously for the weather conditions to allow the trip to Antarctica. After a couple of days, Palin and the others fly on a 1953-built Douglas DC-6 plane to a base camp at Patriot Hills. While there, he again has to wait for the go-ahead to set off for the South Pole. Finally, after a day, he makes a final flight to the Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station and then, at 02:00 New Zealand time on 4 December 1991, Palin sets foot on the South Pole, one of a few number of people who have visited both

title: Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station

text: was due to methanol poisoning, and the case received media attention as the "first South Pole murder", although there is no evidence that Marks died as the result of the act of another person. On 26 April 2001, Kenn Borek Air used a DHC-6 Twin Otter aircraft to rescue Dr. Ronald Shemenski from Amundsen–Scott. This was the first ever rescue from the South Pole during polar winter. To achieve the range necessary for this flight, the Twin Otter was equipped with a special ferry tank. In January 2007, the station was visited by a group of high-level Russian officials, including

title: South Pole Traverse

text: to arrive at the South Pole by tricycle. South Pole Traverse The South Pole Traverse, also called the McMurdo–South Pole Highway, is an approximately compacted snow road in Antarctica that links the United States's McMurdo Station on the coast to the Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station. It was constructed by leveling snow and filling in crevasses, but is not paved; flags mark its route. After four years of development, the trail was fully traversed for the first time in 2005, with Caterpillar and Case Corp. tractors pulling specialized sleds to deliver fuel and cargo to the South Pole in about 40

title: South Pole Traverse

text: South Pole Traverse The South Pole Traverse, also called the McMurdo–South Pole Highway, is an approximately compacted snow road in Antarctica that links the United States's McMurdo Station on the coast to the Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station. It was constructed by leveling snow and filling in crevasses, but is not paved; flags mark its route. After four years of development, the trail was fully traversed for the first time in 2005, with Caterpillar and Case Corp. tractors pulling specialized sleds to deliver fuel and cargo to the South Pole in about 40 days. The return trip to McMurdo Station, with

title: South Pole

text: South Pole The South Pole, also known as the Geographic South Pole or Terrestrial South Pole, is one of the two points where the Earth's axis of rotation intersects its surface. It is the southernmost point on the surface of the Earth and lies on the opposite side of the Earth from the North Pole. Situated on the continent of Antarctica, it is the site of the United States Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station, which was established in 1956 and has been permanently staffed since that year. The Geographic South Pole is distinct from the South Magnetic Pole, the position of

title: South Pole

text: there. In 2000 it was reported that microbes had been detected living in the South Pole ice. South Pole The South Pole, also known as the Geographic South Pole or Terrestrial South Pole, is one of the two points where the Earth's axis of rotation intersects its surface. It is the southernmost point on the surface of the Earth and lies on the opposite side of the Earth from the North Pole. Situated on the continent of Antarctica, it is the site of the United States Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station, which was established in 1956 and has been permanently staffed

title: Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station

text: Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station The Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station is a United States scientific research station at the South Pole, the southernmost place on the Earth. The station is located on the high plateau of Antarctica at an elevation of 2,835 metres (9,301 feet) above sea level and is administered by the Division of Polar Programs within the National Science Foundation under the United States Antarctic Program (USAP). It is named in honor of Norwegian Roald Amundsen and Englishman Robert F. Scott, who led separate teams that raced to become the first to the South Pole in the early 1900s.

title: South Pole Medal

text: Pole Medal was awarded to the following people: South Pole Medal The South Pole Medal () or Medal Commemorating the 1910–1911 "Fram" Expedition to the South Pole ("Medalje til erindring om "Frams" ekspedisjon til Sydpolen 1910–1911") is a Norwegian medal established by Haakon VII of Norway on August 20, 1912 to recognize participants in Roald Amundsen's South Pole expedition. The medal was awarded to participants in the exhibition on the day it was instituted. The medal was designed by the engraver Ivar Throndsen. The South Pole Medal was cast in gold, silver, and bronze, and it was awarded in gold.

title: South Pole Medal

text: South Pole Medal The South Pole Medal () or Medal Commemorating the 1910–1911 "Fram" Expedition to the South Pole ("Medalje til erindring om "Frams" ekspedisjon til Sydpolen 1910–1911") is a Norwegian medal established by Haakon VII of Norway on August 20, 1912 to recognize participants in Roald Amundsen's South Pole expedition. The medal was awarded to participants in the exhibition on the day it was instituted. The medal was designed by the engraver Ivar Throndsen. The South Pole Medal was cast in gold, silver, and bronze, and it was awarded in gold. The obverse depicts King Haakon VII with his

title: Pac-Kit First Aid Kits

text: him. Also in 1909, Admiral Robert E. Peary was the first to reach the North Pole. When he returned, Admiral Peary presented to Burroughs Wellcome specimens of Tabloid products that he had carried with him to the North Pole. Several years later, the Norwegian Captain Roald Amundsen and the Englishman Captain Robert Scott raced to become the first to reach the South Pole. Both expeditions started almost simultaneously but it was Amundsen who reached the pole first on December 14, 1911. Both men carried Tabloid outfits with them. On foot, by ship and also in the air, Burroughs Wellcome’s first

title: South Pole Telescope

text: South Pole Telescope The South Pole Telescope (SPT) is a 10 meter (394 in) diameter telescope located at the Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station, Antarctica. The telescope is designed for observations in the microwave, millimeter-wave, and submillimeter-wave regions of the electromagnetic spectrum, with the particular design goal of measuring the faint, diffuse emission from the cosmic microwave background (CMB). The first major survey with the SPT–designed to find distant, massive, clusters of galaxies through their interaction with the CMB, with the goal of constraining the dark energy equation of state–was completed in October 2011. In early 2012, a new camera (SPTpol)

title: South Pole Telescope

text: field. 2013 winterovers Dana Hrubes and Jason Gallicchio surveyed a larger field as part of the full SPTpol survey. This larger survey was seen to completion by 2014 winterovers Robert Citron and Nicholas Huang, 2015 winterovers Charlie Sievers and Todd Veach, and 2016 winterovers Christine Corbett Moran and Amy Lowitz. The first winter of SPT-3G observing was overseen by winterovers Daniel Michalik and Andrew Nadolski, and the winterovers for the current observing season are Adam Jones and Joshua Montgomery. South Pole Telescope The South Pole Telescope (SPT) is a 10 meter (394 in) diameter telescope located at the Amundsen–Scott South

title: South Pole

text: once per year, and all lines of longitude, and hence all time zones, converge. There is no "a priori" reason for placing the South Pole in any particular time zone, but as a matter of practical convenience the Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station keeps New Zealand Time (UTC+12/UTC+13). This is because the US flies its resupply missions ("Operation Deep Freeze") out of McMurdo Station, which is supplied from Christchurch, New Zealand. Due to its exceptionally harsh climate, there are no native resident plants or animals at the South Pole. Remarkably, though, off-course south polar skuas and snow petrels are occasionally seen

title: Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station

text: The zone identifier in the IANA time zone database is Antarctica/South Pole. Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station The Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station is a United States scientific research station at the South Pole, the southernmost place on the Earth. The station is located on the high plateau of Antarctica at an elevation of 2,835 metres (9,301 feet) above sea level and is administered by the Division of Polar Programs within the National Science Foundation under the United States Antarctic Program (USAP). It is named in honor of Norwegian Roald Amundsen and Englishman Robert F. Scott, who led separate teams that raced

title: South

text: south at midday. True south is the direction towards the sun end of the axis about which the Earth rotates, called the South Pole. The South Pole is located in Antarctica. Magnetic south is the direction towards the south magnetic pole, some distance away from the south geographic pole. Roald Amundsen, from Norway, was the first to reach the South Pole, on 14 December 1911, after Ernest Shackleton from the UK was forced to turn back some distance short. The Global South refers to the socially and economically less-developed southern half of the globe. 95% of the Global North has

title: South Pole

text: is marked by a stake in the ice alongside a small sign; these are repositioned each year in a ceremony on New Year's Day to compensate for the movement of the ice. The sign records the respective dates that Roald Amundsen and Robert F. Scott reached the Pole, followed by a short quotation from each man, and gives the elevation as "9,301 "FT."". A new marker stake is designed and fabricated each year by staff at the site. The Ceremonial South Pole is an area set aside for photo opportunities at the South Pole Station. It is located some meters

title: North Magnetic Pole

text: physician and natural philosopher William Gilbert. He was also the first to define the North Magnetic Pole as the point where the Earth's magnetic field points vertically downwards. This is the definition used nowadays, though it would be a few hundred years before the nature of the Earth's magnetic field was understood properly. The first expedition to reach the North Magnetic Pole was led by James Clark Ross, who found it at Cape Adelaide on the Boothia Peninsula on June 1, 1831. Roald Amundsen found the North Magnetic Pole in a slightly different location in 1903. The third observation was

title: Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station

text: South Pole" which chronicles the South Pole Foucault Pendulum, the 300 Club, the first midwinter medevac, and science at the Pole including climate change and cosmology. Science fiction author Kim Stanley Robinson's book "Antarctica" features a fictionalized account of the culture at Amundsen–Scott and McMurdo, set in the near future. The station is featured prominently in the 1998 "The X-Files" movie "Fight the Future". The 2009 film "Whiteout" is mainly set at the Amundsen–Scott base, although the building layouts are completely different. The turn-based strategy game Civilization VI, in its expansion , included the Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station as a

title: South Pole

text: from the Geographic South Pole, and consists of a metallic sphere on a short bamboo pole, surrounded by the flags of the original Antarctic Treaty signatory states. Amundsen's Tent: The tent was erected by the Norwegian expedition led by Roald Amundsen on its arrival on 14 December 1911. It is currently buried beneath the snow and ice in the vicinity of the Pole. It has been designated a Historic Site or Monument (HSM 80), following a proposal by Norway to the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting. The precise location of the tent is unknown, but based on calculations of the rate

title: Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station

text: the Iridium network, which allows emails less than 100 KB to be sent and received at all times and small critical data files to be transmitted. This uplink works by bonding the data stream over 12 voice channels. Typical of inland Antarctica, Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station experiences an ice cap climate ("EF"). The peak season of summer lasts October to February. In 1991, Michael Palin visited the base on the 8th and final episode of his BBC Television documentary, "Pole to Pole". On January 10, 1995, NASA, PBS, and NSF collaborated for the first live television broadcast from the South

title: Amundsen's South Pole expedition

text: an attempt by Nansen and Hjalmar Johansen to reach it on foot was likewise unsuccessful. Nevertheless, Nansen's strategy became the basis of Amundsen's own Arctic plans. He reasoned that if he entered the Arctic Ocean via the Bering Strait, well to the east of Nansen's starting point, his ship would achieve a more northerly drift and pass near or through the pole. Amundsen consulted Nansen, who insisted that "Fram" was the only vessel fit for such an undertaking. "Fram" had been designed and built in 1891–93 by Colin Archer, Norway's leading shipbuilder and naval architect, in accordance with Nansen's exacting

title: Farthest South

text: Richard E. Byrd and three others completed the first aircraft flight over the South Pole. Twenty-seven years later, Rear-Admiral George J. Dufek became the first person to set foot on the pole since Scott, when on 31 October 1956 he and the crew of R4D-5 Skytrain "Que Sera Sera" landed at the pole. Between November 1956 and February 1957, the first permanent South Pole research station was erected and christened the Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station in honour of the pioneer explorers. Since then the station had been substantially extended, and in 2008 was housing up to 150 scientific staff and

title: South Pole

text: Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition set out with the goal of crossing Antarctica via the South Pole, but his ship, the "Endurance", was frozen in pack ice and sank 11 months later. The overland journey was never made. US Admiral Richard Evelyn Byrd, with the assistance of his first pilot Bernt Balchen, became the first person to fly over the South Pole on November 29, 1929. It was not until 31 October 1956 that humans once again set foot at the South Pole, when a party led by Admiral George J. Dufek of the US Navy landed there in an R4D-5L Skytrain

title: South Pole

text: explorer Robert Falcon Scott on the Discovery Expedition of 1901–04 was the first to attempt to find a route from the Antarctic coastline to the South Pole. Scott, accompanied by Ernest Shackleton and Edward Wilson, set out with the aim of travelling as far south as possible, and on 31 December 1902, reached 82°16′ S. Shackleton later returned to Antarctica as leader of the British Antarctic Expedition (Nimrod Expedition) in a bid to reach the Pole. On 9 January 1909, with three companions, he reached 88°23' S – from the Pole – before being forced to turn back. The first

title: Pole to Pole

text: the North and South Poles. Pole to Pole Pole to Pole is an eight-part television documentary travel series made for the BBC, and first broadcast on BBC1 in 1992. The presenter is Michael Palin, this being the second of Palin's major journeys for the BBC. The first was "", a 7-part series first broadcast on BBC One in 1989, and the third was "Full Circle with Michael Palin", a 10-part series first broadcast on BBC One in 1997. The trip from the North Pole to the South Pole went via Scandinavia, the Soviet Union, parts of Europe, and through the

title: South Pole Group

text: 2018. The most recent rebrand to ‘South Pole’ was a decision made to reflect the broader scope of services that the company now provides, having expanded its offering from pure emission reduction project development under South Pole Carbon, to include additional services such as advisory on sustainability risks and opportunities. In 2012, South Pole acquired a major stake in Australia’s leading carbon offset retailer, Sydney-based Climate Friendly. In 2017, the company acquired Climate Friendly’s domestic and international carbon and renewables division outright, which at that point was a majority-owned subsidiary of South Pole. The move combined South Pole’s global reach

title: Lunar south pole

text: Lunar south pole The lunar south pole is of special interest to scientists because of the occurrence of water ice in permanently shadowed areas around it. Of the lunar poles, the south pole is of greater interest because the area that remains in shadow is much larger than that at the north pole. The lunar south pole craters are unique in that sunlight does not reach the bottom. Such craters are cold traps that contain a fossil record of the early solar system. The lunar south pole is located on the center base of the far side of the moon

title: Lunar south pole

text: (80°S to 90°S) and covers a distance of about 1250 km. The lunar south pole has shifted 5 degrees from its original position billions of years ago. This shift has changed the rotational axis of the moon, allowing sunlight to reach previously shadowed areas, but the south pole still contains some completely shadowed areas. The axis spin is 88.5 degrees from the plane of the elliptic. On the contrary, the pole also contains areas with permanent exposure to sunlight. The south pole contains many craters and basins such as the South Pole-Aitken basin, which appears to be one of the

title: Pole to Pole

text: Pole to Pole Pole to Pole is an eight-part television documentary travel series made for the BBC, and first broadcast on BBC1 in 1992. The presenter is Michael Palin, this being the second of Palin's major journeys for the BBC. The first was "", a 7-part series first broadcast on BBC One in 1989, and the third was "Full Circle with Michael Palin", a 10-part series first broadcast on BBC One in 1997. The trip from the North Pole to the South Pole went via Scandinavia, the Soviet Union, parts of Europe, and through the heart of Africa. The intention

title: Pole to Pole: The Photographs

text: Pole to Pole: The Photographs Pole to Pole – The Photographs is a large coffee-table style book containing pictures taken by Basil Pao, who was the stills photographer on the team that made the "Pole to Pole with Michael Palin" TV program for the BBC. Michael Palin's name is prominently displayed on the cover, and he has contributed a one-page Foreword, plus approximately 16 pages of text (two-page introductions to each of the eight chapters). The rest of the book consists of Basil Pao's photographs, each with a short text indicating what the picture is about and where it was

title: Pole to Pole: The Photographs

text: statistic mentioned by Michael Palin in the introduction to this book is that Basil Pao took 30,000 pictures during the 5½ months that the trip lasted. 30,000 pictures is approx. 850 rolls of film or approx. 200 pictures and 6 rolls of film every day. Pole to Pole: The Photographs Pole to Pole – The Photographs is a large coffee-table style book containing pictures taken by Basil Pao, who was the stills photographer on the team that made the "Pole to Pole with Michael Palin" TV program for the BBC. Michael Palin's name is prominently displayed on the cover, and

title: North Pole

text: North Pole on a motorcycle. On 18 May 1987 USS "Billfish" (SSN 676), USS "Sea Devil" (SSN 664) and HMS "Superb" (S 109) surfaced at the North Pole, the first international surfacing at the North Pole. In 1988 a 13-man strong team (9 Soviets, 4 Canadians) skied across the arctic from Siberia to northern Canada. One of the Canadians, Richard Weber became the first person to reach the Pole from both sides of the Arctic Ocean. On 4 May 1990 Børge Ousland and Erling Kagge became the first explorers ever to reach the North Pole unsupported, after a 58-day ski

title: South Pole Traverse

text: regularly maintained alternate route for such a link; however, opinions vary as to the shear zone section's suitability for a long-term cable. The NSF may also choose to deploy several special purpose satellites in polar orbits. A 7 February 2006 NSF press release stated that 110 tons (100 tonnes) of cargo had been delivered overland to the South Pole Station in a "proof of concept" of the highway. In February 2013, Maria Leijerstam pedaled a three-wheeled recumbent fatbike over a portion of the South Pole Traverse route, for which she was recognized by "Guinness World Records" as the first person

title: South Magnetic Pole

text: changes in the Earth's magnetic field. As of 2005 it was calculated to lie at , placing it off the coast of Antarctica, between Adélie Land and Wilkes Land. In 2015 it lay at (est). That point lies outside the Antarctic Circle. Due to polar drift, the pole is moving northwest by about per year. Its current distance from the actual Geographic South Pole is approximately . The nearest permanent science station is Dumont d'Urville Station. Wilkes Land contains a large gravitational mass concentration. Early unsuccessful attempts to reach the magnetic south pole included those of French explorer Dumont d'Urville

title: Pole to Pole

text: them. While the BBC scrambles for alternatives, Palin visits Western Deep Levels Mine, the world's deepest gold mine. In Soweto he meets former South African neighbours of his from London; jazz trombonist Jonas Gwangwa and family. Then he catches the luxurious Blue Train to Cape Town. On top of Table Mountain he regards the southern tip of Africa and reminisces about how the continent changed him from an optimist to a realist. Unfortunately for him, the BBC's efforts to get him on the "Agulhas" have failed. It looks as if Palin will be unable to reach the South Pole. Despite

title: Pole to Pole: The Photographs

text: taken. Some of the pictures are displayed as impressive two-page spreads. A majority of the pictures show the people they encountered along the way, some as informal portraits, some showing people engaged in various activities. There are also many beautiful landscapes plus a few pictures of monuments and interesting buildings, etc. The book is organized in eight chapters: Seven of the pictures, taken at and near the North Pole and the South Pole, were not taken by Basil Pao, as there was no room for him in the small airplanes used at the two extremes of the trip. One amazing

title: Old Man of the South Pole

text: Old Man of the South Pole The Old Man of the South Pole (in or ) is the Taoist deification of Canopus, the brightest star of the constellation Carina. It is the symbol of happiness and longevity in Far Eastern culture. The Old Man of the South Pole is often depicted in the Chinese pictures as an old man with a long white beard, with a deer by his side. This style of picture is related to the story of an emperor of the Northern Song Dynasty who had invited such an old man from the street and later considered

title: North Pole

text: Herbert was the first person to reach the pole of inaccessibility. On 17 August 1977 the Soviet nuclear-powered icebreaker "Arktika" completed the first surface vessel journey to the North Pole. In 1982 Ranulph Fiennes and Charles R. Burton became the first people to cross the Arctic Ocean in a single season. They departed from Cape Crozier, Ellesmere Island, on 17 February 1982 and arrived at the geographic North Pole on 10 April 1982. They travelled on foot and snowmobile. From the Pole, they travelled towards Svalbard but, due to the unstable nature of the ice, ended their crossing at the

title: South Magnetic Pole

text: a flagpole at the spot and claimed it for the British Empire. The three men began the expedition to the South Magnetic Pole in a motor car specially adapted for the cold conditions, but abandoned it when it proved useless on soft surfaces. They then walked a total of 1260 miles to reach the South Magnetic Pole while pulling sledges and supplies that weighed approximately 670 lbs. Walking on foot across the coldest place on earth was perilous, and the men faced many dangers such as falling in concealed snow crevasses and acquiring frostbite and snow-blindness. Fearing starvation, they strictly

title: South Pole

text: the pole were Pam Young, Jean Pearson, Lois Jones, Eileen McSaveney, Kay Lindsay and Terry Tickhill in 1969. In 1978-79 Michele Eileen Raney became the first woman to winter at the South Pole. Subsequent to the establishment, in 1987, of the logistic support base at Patriot Hills Base Camp, the South Pole became more accessible to non-government expeditions. On December 30, 1989, Arved Fuchs and Reinhold Messner were the first to traverse Antarctica via the South Pole without animal or motorized help, using only skis and the help of wind. Two women, Victoria E. Murden and Shirley Metz reached the

title: Pole to Pole

text: being unable to reach Antarctica via the "Agulhas", all is not lost for Palin. A travel adventure company is able to take Palin to the South Pole from their base in Chile. This means Palin must abandon the 30 degrees east meridian. Travelling by aeroplane from Cape Town to Santiago via Rio de Janeiro, he listens to an unusual rendition of "Happy Birthday to You" from the Presidential Palace where the infamous 1973 coup took place. After having lunch at a fish market with his guide while listening to a panflute player, he is off to Punta Arenas in southern

title: South Pole

text: Pole receives no sunlight at all, and from May 11 to August 1, between extended periods of twilight, it is completely dark (apart from moonlight). In the summer (September–March), the sun is continuously above the horizon and appears to move in a counter-clockwise circle. However, it is always low in the sky, reaching a maximum of 23.5° in December. Much of the sunlight that does reach the surface is reflected by the white snow. This lack of warmth from the sun, combined with the high altitude (about ), means that the South Pole has one of the coldest climates on

title: Pole of inaccessibility

text: to reach this false northern pole of inaccessibility was made by Sir Hubert Wilkins, who flew by aircraft in 1927. In 1941, the first Soviet expedition using an airplane landed 350 kilometers north of the false northern pole, thus actually becoming the first expedition to reach the real pole. Ignoring Soviet results, Sir Wally Herbert claimed to be the first to reach what was then considered to be the northern pole of inaccessibility on foot, arriving by dogsled in 1968. Explorer Jim McNeill claimed in 2006 that Herbert did not quite make the pole, and launched his own unsuccessful attempt

title: North Pole

text: the third pair of submarines to surface together at the North Pole. In March 1990, "Gurnard" deployed to the Arctic region during exercise Ice Ex '90 and completed only the fourth winter submerged transit of the Bering and Seas. "Gurnard" surfaced at the North Pole on April 18, in the company of the USS "Seahorse" (SSN-669). On 6 May 1986 USS "Archerfish" (SSN 678), USS "Ray" (SSN 653) and USS "Hawkbill" (SSN-666) surfaced at the North Pole, the first tri-submarine surfacing at the North Pole. On 21 April 1987 Shinji Kazama of Japan became the first person to reach the

title: Ice Bound: A Woman's Survival at the South Pole

text: where she is able to seek full medical attention to treat her cancer. Directed by Roger Spottiswoode, "Ice Bound: A Woman's Survival at the South Pole" was filmed on location near Ontario's frozen Lake Simcoe. 2004 Golden Reel Award for Best Sound Editing in Television Long Form—Sound Effects and Foley Ice Bound: A Woman's Survival at the South Pole Ice Bound: A Woman's Survival at the South Pole is a 2003 CBS television movie starring Susan Sarandon as Dr. Jerri Nielsen in the true story of the cancer-stricken physician stranded at a South Pole research station who, under dangerous circumstances,

title: South Pole

text: pole by land on January 17, 1989. The fastest unsupported journey to the Geographic South Pole from the ocean is 24 days and one hour from Hercules Inlet and was set in 2011 by Norwegian adventurer Christian Eide, who beat the previous solo record set in 2009 by American Todd Carmichael of 39 days and seven hours, and the previous group record also set in 2009 of 33 days and 23 hours. The fastest solo (female), unsupported and unassisted trek to the south pole was performed by Hannah McKeand from the UK in 2006. She made the journey in 39

text: Ice Bound: A Woman's Survival at the South Pole Ice Bound: A Woman's Survival at the South Pole is a 2003 CBS television movie starring Susan Sarandon as Dr. Jerri Nielsen in the true story of the cancer-stricken physician stranded at a South Pole research station who, under dangerous circumstances, and with the help of co-workers, treats her own illness. Based on the New York Times best-selling book Ice Bound: A Doctor's Incredible Battle for Survival at the South Pole, the movie tells the story of how, in 1999, 46-year-old physician Nielsen decides to leave Ohio and spend a year

title: Pole to Pole

text: was to follow the 30 degree east line of longitude, which would cover the most land. A last-minute diversion to Chile included South America in the series. Using aircraft as little as possible, the whole trip lasted 5½ months. The programme has been sold to many television stations around the world. It was also released on video tape and later on DVD. Following the trip Michael Palin wrote "Pole to Pole" describing the trip. The book contains many pictures from the trip, almost all taken by Basil Pao, the stills photographer on the team. Palin begins at the North Pole,

title: Old Pulteney Row To The Pole

text: Old Pulteney Row To The Pole The Old Pulteney Row To The Pole was a publicity stunt sponsored by a whisky distiller for naming rights, which navigated a rowing boat to the North Magnetic Pole at 78°35.7N 104°11.9W, the position certified in 1996. It is believed to be the only polar expedition to feature rowing boats since the crew of Sir Ernest Shackleton's row to Elephant Island off South Georgia in 1916, after his aborted attempt to cross Antarctica. The 450-mile journey took almost four weeks. The expedition set out from Resolute Bay on 28 July 2011, reaching the Pole

title: Old Man of the South Pole

text: Star of the Man of the Old Age (in ). In Japan, it became Jurōjin (in ), one of the Seven Gods of Fortune (in ). Old Man of the South Pole The Old Man of the South Pole (in or ) is the Taoist deification of Canopus, the brightest star of the constellation Carina. It is the symbol of happiness and longevity in Far Eastern culture. The Old Man of the South Pole is often depicted in the Chinese pictures as an old man with a long white beard, with a deer by his side. This style of picture

title: South Magnetic Pole

text: bar magnet) placed at the center of the Earth. The South Geomagnetic Pole is the point where the axis of this best-fitting tilted dipole intersects the Earth's surface in the southern hemisphere. As of 2005 it was calculated to be located at , near the Vostok Station. Because the field is not an exact dipole, the South Geomagnetic Pole does not coincide with the South Magnetic Pole. Furthermore, the South Geomagnetic Pole is wandering for the same reason its northern magnetic counterpart wanders. South Magnetic Pole The South Magnetic Pole is the wandering point on the Earth's Southern Hemisphere where

title: South Magnetic Pole

text: South Magnetic Pole The South Magnetic Pole is the wandering point on the Earth's Southern Hemisphere where the geomagnetic field lines are directed vertically upwards. It should not be confused with the South Geomagnetic Pole described later. For historical reasons, the "end" of a freely hanging magnet that points (roughly) north is itself called the "north pole" of the magnet, and the other end, pointing south, is called the magnet's "south pole". Because opposite poles attract, the Earth's South Magnetic Pole is physically actually a magnetic north pole (see also ). The South Magnetic Pole is constantly shifting due to

title: The Conquest of the Pole

text: Pole", directed by the pioneering British filmmaker Robert W. Paul in 1903, features a Polar giant, strongly suggesting a direct influence on Méliès. Méliès may also have remembered that the Lumière Brothers had filmed a staged reenactment of Polar exploration, "The Explorer Andrée at the North Pole", in 1897. Georges Méliès is widely regarded as the first person to recognize the potential of narrative film, and his "A Trip to the Moon" (1902), "The Kingdom of the Fairies" (1903), and "The Impossible Voyage" (1904) were among the most popular films of the first few years of the twentieth century. However,

title: Three Poles Challenge

text: Three Poles Challenge The Three Poles is an adventurer’s challenge to reach the North Pole, the South Pole, and the summit of Mount Everest. The first person to reach all three locations was Edmund Hillary. He reached the top of Everest in May 1953, the South Pole in January 1958 and made it to the North Pole in company with Neil Armstrong in April 1985. His son Peter Hillary has also reached all three. Hillary flew to the North Pole. The first person to reach all three locations on foot was Erling Kagge. He had reached all three by May

title: South Pole

text: Earth (though it is not quite the coldest; that record goes to the region in the vicinity of the Vostok Station, also in Antarctica, which lies at a higher elevation). Temperatures at the South Pole are much lower than at the North Pole, primarily because the South Pole is located at altitude in the middle of a continental land mass, while the North Pole is at sea level in the middle of an ocean, which acts as a reservoir of heat. The South Pole is at an altitude of but feels like .. Centrifugal force from the spin of the

title: Three Poles Challenge

text: Three Poles Challenge in 2016, beating a record set by Leigh Wang in May 2010. Three Poles Challenge The Three Poles is an adventurer’s challenge to reach the North Pole, the South Pole, and the summit of Mount Everest. The first person to reach all three locations was Edmund Hillary. He reached the top of Everest in May 1953, the South Pole in January 1958 and made it to the North Pole in company with Neil Armstrong in April 1985. His son Peter Hillary has also reached all three. Hillary flew to the North Pole. The first person to reach

title: Pole to Pole (book)

text: read by Michael Palin. The audio book is available in abridged and unabridged versions. Basil Pao produced an accompaniment called "Pole to Pole - The Photographs". Pole to Pole (book) Pole to Pole is a book written by Michael Palin to accompany his BBC television series "Pole to Pole". The book follows each of his seven trips made for the BBC, consisting of both his text and of many photographs to illustrate the trip. Most of the pictures in this book were taken by Basil Pao, the stills photographer who was part of the expedition team. The book chronicles the

title: Pole to Pole (book)

text: Pole to Pole (book) Pole to Pole is a book written by Michael Palin to accompany his BBC television series "Pole to Pole". The book follows each of his seven trips made for the BBC, consisting of both his text and of many photographs to illustrate the trip. Most of the pictures in this book were taken by Basil Pao, the stills photographer who was part of the expedition team. The book chronicles the journey in five chapters: The demonstration of the Coriolis effect in Kenya was, apparently, a clever hoax. This book was made available as an audio book,

title: South Pole

text: which is defined based on the Earth's magnetic field. The South Pole is at the center of the Southern Hemisphere. For most purposes, the Geographic South Pole is defined as the southern point of the two points where the Earth's axis of rotation intersects its surface (the other being the Geographic North Pole). However, the Earth's axis of rotation is actually subject to very small "wobbles" (polar motion), so this definition is not adequate for very precise work. The geographic coordinates of the South Pole are usually given simply as 90°S, since its longitude is geometrically undefined and irrelevant. When

title: South Pole Group

text: and opportunities, as well as the development of environmental commodities such as carbon and renewable energy credits. South Pole was founded in 2006 by graduates of the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Patrick Bürgi, Thomas Camerata, Renat Heuberger, Ingo Puhl and Christoph Sutter. The company originally started as a spin-off from the ETH Zurich as the non-profit, ‘myclimate’. Following the success of myclimate, the five founders decided to position climate change as business opportunity, and ‘South Pole Carbon’ was born. The company rebranded to ‘South Pole Group’ in 2015, and then again to the current ‘South Pole’ in January

title: Lunar south pole

text: metallic properties. In addition, the findings were proven inadequate due to the inconsistencies between the maps that were used and they were not able to detect the magnitude of the magnetic fluctuations that occurred from the moon’s surface. Lunar south pole The lunar south pole is of special interest to scientists because of the occurrence of water ice in permanently shadowed areas around it. Of the lunar poles, the south pole is of greater interest because the area that remains in shadow is much larger than that at the north pole. The lunar south pole craters are unique in that

title: South Pole

text: a longitude is desired, it may be given as At the South Pole, all directions face north. For this reason, directions at the Pole are given relative to "grid north", which points northwards along the prime meridian. Along tight latitude circles, clockwise is east, and counterclockwise is west, opposite to the North Pole. The Geographic South Pole is located on the continent of Antarctica (although this has not been the case for all of Earth's history because of continental drift). It sits atop a featureless, barren, windswept and icy plateau at an altitude of 2,835 metres (9,301 ft) above sea

title: South Pole Group

text: South Pole Group South Pole is a Swiss carbon finance consultancy founded in 2006 in Zurich. In 2018 it had 18 offices across Europe, Africa, Asia, Oceania, North America and South America. For more than a decade, South Pole has worked with a wide range of public, private and civil sector organisations to accelerate the transition to a climate-smart society. South Pole has mobilised climate finance to over 700 projects in emission reduction, renewable energy, energy efficiency and sustainable land-use, acting today ‘for a better tomorrow’. South Pole’s expertise covers project and technology finance, data and advisory on sustainability risks

title: South Pole Group

text: realisation of the 2030 UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by transforming global energy, food and land-use systems. To do so, South Pole offers a range of climate and sustainability solutions to assist organisations in mitigating climate-related risks and seizing the opportunities that action on climate change presents. South Pole Group South Pole is a Swiss carbon finance consultancy founded in 2006 in Zurich. In 2018 it had 18 offices across Europe, Africa, Asia, Oceania, North America and South America. For more than a decade, South Pole has worked with a wide range of public, private and civil sector organisations to

title: The Reach Foundation

text: The Reach Foundation The Reach Foundation (Reach) is a youth Not-for-profit organisation established by AFL Brownlow Medalist and 2010 Melbournian of the Year Jim Stynes OAM and film director Paul Currie in 1994. Reach was created from a desire to inspire every young person to believe in themselves and get the most out of life. Reach runs national school and community-based programs for young people aged 10 to 18 designed to promote their mental health and wellbeing. Programs are run by the young Reach "Crew" in over 500 metropolitan and regional schools and communities across Australia. The main focus is

title: South Pole

text: of movement of the ice and the accumulation of snow, it is believed, as of 2010, to lie between 1.8 and 2.5 km (1.1 and 1.5 miles) from the Pole at a depth of 17 m (56 ft) below the present surface. Argentine Flagpole: A flagpole erected at the South Geographical Pole in December 1965 by the First Argentine Overland Polar Expedition has been designated a Historic Site or Monument (HSM 1) following a proposal by Argentina to the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting. In 1820, several expeditions claimed to have been the first to have sighted Antarctica, with the very

title: South Magnetic Pole

text: (1837–40), American Charles Wilkes (expedition of 1838–42) and Briton James Clark Ross (expedition of 1839 to 1843). The first calculation of the magnetic inclination to locate the magnetic South Pole was made on January 23, 1838 by the hydrographer , a member of the Dumont d'Urville expedition in Antarctica and Oceania on the corvettes "L'Astrolabe" and "Zélée" in 1837-1840, which discovered Adelie Land. On 16 January 1909 three men (Douglas Mawson, Edgeworth David, and Alistair Mackay) from Sir Ernest Shackleton's Nimrod Expedition claimed to have found the South Magnetic Pole, which was at that time located on land. They planted

title: Reach for the Sun

text: album would be titled "Reach for the Sun". In March and April, the band went on tour with Racing Kites, Sparks the Rescue and This Time Next Year. The first single from the album was "Where I Want to Be", which was released to iTunes on April 14, 2009. The album was released on May 5 through Hopeless Records. In June, the band went on a US tour with Ace Enders and Person L. In October and November, the group went on a US tour alongside Straylight Run, Brian Bonz and Dave Melillo. Bonus tracks Reach for the Sun Reach

title: Lunar south pole

text: region of the moon. If successful, Chandrayaan-2 will be the first ever mission to land a rover on the moon's unexplored south pole. Future planned exploration of the Lunar south polar region includes a private mission by Shackleton Energy Company, no earlier than 2016. Shackleton intends to land a robotic precursor exploration rover to "identify and characterize the nature, composition and locations of the optimum ice concentrations at the north and Lunar south pole craters". Lunar Mission One is a British-led, unmanned Moon mission announced in November 2014 and planned for 2024. It will attempt to land on the lunar

title: Freddy Goes to the North Pole

text: Freddy Goes to the North Pole Freddy goes to the North Pole (1930) (formerly published as More To and Again) is the second of the Freddy the Pig books written by Walter R. Brooks. It tells of how the animals of the Bean Farm went to rescue some of their animals friends who went on an expedition to the North Pole. In the beginning, Freddy had the idea to establish a tourism company called Barnyard Tours Inc. The animals agreed, and the company was formed. Animals could pay for a tour with food, or by doing work for Mr. Bean.

title: First Person Shooter (The X-Files)

text: First Person Shooter (The X-Files) "First Person Shooter" is the thirteenth episode of the seventh season of the science fiction television series "The X-Files". It premiered on the Fox network in the United States on February 27, 2000. The episode is a "Monster-of-the-Week" story, unconnected to the series' wider mythology. "First Person Shooter" earned a Nielsen household rating of 9.3, being watched by 15.31 million people in its initial broadcast. The episode received mostly negative reviews from critics. The show centers on FBI special agents Fox Mulder (David Duchovny) and Dana Scully (Gillian Anderson) who work on cases linked to

title: South Pole Group

text: empower the Global South via the positive impacts that its emission reductions and renewable energy projects add on the ground to local biodiversity, communities and the economy. South Pole is determined to help preserve our planet and its ecosystems for future generations. South Pole works with businesses and governments globally to facilitate the shift of financial flows towards a sustainable, low-carbon economy under the vision, “Climate Action for All”. The company looks to mobilise capital to unlock smart investments and finance the goals of the Paris Agreement. In doing so, South Pole aims to trigger opportunities for capitalising on the

title: South Pole Traverse

text: the movement of heavy equipment needed to implement its proposed South Pole Connectivity Program, a planned optical fiber link between the South Pole and the French–Italian Concordia Station located at Dome C at the edge of the Antarctic Plateau; Concordia has 24-hour access to geosynchronous satellites. Such satellites cannot be used at the poles since they are below the horizon; the South Pole now uses a few older, low-bandwidth satellites that dip sufficiently south of the equator to be usable for several hours daily. These satellites are near the end of their life. The road to McMurdo might provide a

title: Old Pulteney Row To The Pole

text: the top of the island, encountering their first significant sea ice whilst navigating the Grinnell Peninsula. After rowing via Cornwall Island to the south coast of Ellef Ringnes Island, the crew sheltered for several days at Thor Island before making their last dramatic push for the Pole. This was achieved on a long continuous row beginning at 1800 hours on 4 August 2011. The boat rowed through open water with icebergs and floating sea ice around the Noice Peninsula through channels opened up by the winds and sea currents before reaching a dense area of ice that had been driven

title: Freddy Goes to the North Pole

text: left and Santa Claus’s workshop went back to normal. Santa Claus took the animals and the two children to the Bean Farm. Freddy Goes to the North Pole Freddy goes to the North Pole (1930) (formerly published as More To and Again) is the second of the Freddy the Pig books written by Walter R. Brooks. It tells of how the animals of the Bean Farm went to rescue some of their animals friends who went on an expedition to the North Pole. In the beginning, Freddy had the idea to establish a tourism company called Barnyard Tours Inc. The

title: Lunar south pole

text: south pole. It can detect reflected solar radiation and internal infrared emissions. The LRO Diviner was able to detect where water and ice could be trapped on the surface. The lunar south pole is suitable for a lunar outpost. The permanently shadowed places on the moon could contain ice and other minerals, which would be vital resources for future explorers. The mountain peaks near the pole are illuminated for large periods of time and could be used to provide solar energy to an outpost. With an outpost on the moon scientists will be able to analyze fossil and water samples

title: South Pole

text: days 9hrs 33mins. She started on the 19th November 2006 and finished on the 28 December 2006. In the 2011/12 summer, separate expeditions by Norwegian Aleksander Gamme and Australians James Castrission and Justin Jones jointly claimed the first unsupported trek without dogs or kites from the Antarctic coast to the South Pole and back. The two expeditions started from Hercules Inlet a day apart, with Gamme starting first, but completing according to plan the last few kilometres together. As Gamme traveled alone he thus simultaneously became the first to complete the task solo. During the southern winter (March–September), the South

title: Totem pole

text: entire length. Ashes or the body of the deceased person are placed in the upper portion of the pole. This type of pole, which usually stands in front of a clan house, is erected about a year after a person has died. The clan chief’s memorial pole may be raised at the center of the village. The pole's purpose is to honor the deceased person and identify the relative who is taking over as his successor within the clan and the community. Traditionally, the memorial pole has one carved figure at the top, but an additional figure may also be

title: South Pole Telescope

text: as the mass of the neutrinos and the existence of light relic particles in the early Universe. The Atacama Cosmology Telescope has similar, but complementary, science objectives. The South Pole Telescope is funded through the National Science Foundation Office of Polar Programs and the U.S. Department of Energy, with additional support from the Kavli Foundation and the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. The South Pole Telescope achieved first light on February 16, 2007, and began science observations in March 2007. Commissioning observations and an initial small survey were completed in austral winter 2007 with winter-overs Stephen Padin and Zak Staniszewski

title: Lunar south pole

text: water in Cabeus. NASA’s LCROSS mission deliberately crashed into the floor of Cabeus and from samples found that it contained nearly 5% water. The Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter, or LRO, is a mission that has already begun and is currently mapping the lunar south pole. This mission will help scientists see if the Lunar south pole has enough sustainable resources to have a permanent station.The LRO had a Diviner Lunar Radiometer Experiment, commonly known as Diviner, on board which investigated the radiation and thermophysical properties of the south pole surface. The Diviner is designed to watch the thermal environment of the

title: First-person narrative

text: introduces another storyteller as "he" (Kurtz), who in turn presumably told his story from the perspective of "I". First person narration is more difficult to achieve in film; however, voice-over narration can create the same structure. First-person narrative A first-person narrative is a mode of storytelling in which a narrator relays events from their own point of view using the first person It may be narrated by a first person protagonist (or other focal character), first person re-teller, first person witness, or first person peripheral (also called a peripheral narrator). A classic example of a first person protagonist narrator is

title: Lunar south pole

text: most fundamental features of the moon, and mountains such as Epsilon Peak, which is taller than any mountain found on earth. The south pole is thermally benign, ranging at an average of 250–270 kelvins. The rotational axis of the Moon lies within Shackleton Crater. Notable craters nearest to the lunar south pole include De Gerlache, Sverdrup, Shoemaker, Faustini, Haworth, Nobile and Cabeus. Spacecraft from several countries have explored the region around the lunar south pole. Extensive studies were conducted by the Lunar Orbiter, Clementine, Lunar Prospector, Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter, Kaguya, and Chandrayaan. NASA's LCROSS mission found a significant amount of

title: North Pole

text: 17 March 1959 "USS Skate" (SSN-578) surfaced at the Pole, breaking through the ice above it, becoming the first naval vessel to do so. Setting aside Peary's claim, the first confirmed surface conquest of the North Pole was that of Ralph Plaisted, Walt Pederson, Gerry Pitzl and Jean Luc Bombardier, who traveled over the ice by snowmobile and arrived on 19 April 1968. The United States Air Force independently confirmed their position. On 6 April 1969 Wally Herbert and companions Allan Gill, Roy Koerner and Kenneth Hedges of the British Trans-Arctic Expedition became the first men to reach the North

title: Old Pulteney Row To The Pole

text: into the bay by storms. At this point the boat's unique design as a sledge-boat enabled them to haul the boat from the water and manually pull it across the ice on the final 2–3 miles to the Pole. This boat-hauling exercise took the crew 10 hours to complete. They arrived at the Pole position on 26 August 2011. Jock Wishart announced the success saying "There is now a row boat at the '96 Mag. North Pole". On BBC Radio 4's Today programme as "an incredible journey that will go down in the history books. It's a true global first

title: Road to the North Pole

text: Road to the North Pole "Road to the North Pole" is the seventh episode of the ninth season of the animated comedy series "Family Guy". Directed by Greg Colton and co-written by Chris Sheridan and Danny Smith, the episode originally aired on Fox in the United States on December 12, 2010. In "Road to the North Pole", Stewie and Brian go on an adventure to the North Pole so that Stewie can kill Santa Claus. They discover a dreary, polluting factory full of disease-ridden elves and carnivorous, feral reindeer, along with a sickly, exhausted and suicidal Santa. Stewie and Brian

title: South Pole

text: level, and is located about 1,300 km (800 mi) from the nearest open sea at Bay of Whales. The ice is estimated to be about 2,700 metres (9,000 ft) thick at the Pole, so the land surface under the ice sheet is actually near sea level. The polar ice sheet is moving at a rate of roughly 10 metres per year in a direction between 37° and 40° west of grid north, down towards the Weddell Sea. Therefore, the position of the station and other artificial features relative to the geographic pole gradually shift over time. The Geographic South Pole

title: South Pole

text: first being the Russian expedition led by Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen and Mikhail Lazarev. The first landing was probably just over a year later when American Captain John Davis, a sealer, set foot on the ice. The basic geography of the Antarctic coastline was not understood until the mid-to-late 19th century. American naval officer Charles Wilkes claimed (correctly) that Antarctica was a new continent, basing the claim on his exploration in 1839–40, while James Clark Ross, in his expedition of 1839–43, hoped that he might be able to sail all the way to the South Pole. (He was unsuccessful.) British

title: Road to the North Pole

text: North Pole" is the sixth episode of the "Road to" episodes of the series which air through various seasons of the show. It was directed by "Family Guy" veteran Greg Colton, this being the first episode he has directed since the eighth season episode "Go Stewie, Go." This is also Colton's third "Road to" episode, the first being "Road to Germany" and the second being "Road to the Multiverse." The episode was written by Chris Sheridan and Danny Smith, this being the first Smith wrote since "Partial Terms of Endearment," and his first "Road to" episode. It included staff writers

title: North Magnetic Pole

text: its mean position. This effect is due to disturbances of the geomagnetic field by charged particles from the Sun. The first team of novices to reach the Magnetic North Pole did so in 1996, led by David Hempleman-Adams. It included the first British woman Sue Stockdale and first Swedish woman to reach the Pole. The team also successfully tracked the location of the Magnetic North Pole on behalf of the University of Ottawa, and certified its location by magnetometer and theodolite at . The biennial Polar Race takes place between Resolute Bay in northern Canada and the 1996-certified location of

title: First Person Shooter (The X-Files)

text: big guns and raging testosterone." Anderson explained that she enjoyed the opportunity "to show Scully wearing heavy metal and firing oversized weapons." Although "First Person Shooter" was not as well-received as the first episode written by William Gibson and Tom Maddox, "Kill Switch", the episode later won Emmy Awards for Outstanding Sound Mixing for a Drama Series and Outstanding Visual Effects for a Series, and received a nomination for Outstanding Sound Editing for a Series. First Person Shooter (The X-Files) "First Person Shooter" is the thirteenth episode of the seventh season of the science fiction television series "The X-Files". It

title: South Pole–Aitken basin

text: South Pole–Aitken basin The South Pole–Aitken basin is an impact crater on the far side of the Moon. At roughly in diameter and deep, it is one of the largest known impact craters in the Solar System. It is the largest, oldest, and deepest basin recognized on the Moon. It was named for two features on opposing sides: the crater Aitken on the northern end and the lunar south pole at the other end. The outer rim of this basin can be seen from Earth as a huge chain of mountains located on the Moon's southern limb, sometimes informally called

title: Lunar south pole

text: south pole, then drill down at least 20m and possibly as deep as 100m. This could dramatically improve the understanding of the Moon's composition, its geologic history and formation, revealing new clues about the early Solar System. The mission is attempting to gain crowdfunding on Kickstarter. Blue Origin is planning a mission to the south polar region in about 2020. This would lead to a series of missions landing equipment for a colony in a south polar region crater, using their Blue Moon lander. The lunar south pole is one of the only spots in space that Illumination Conditions from