query: How many people on the ground were killed from the bombing of Pan Am Flight 103 over Lockerbie, Scotland, December 21, 1988?

title: Pan Am Flight 103

text: Pan Am Flight 103 Pan Am Flight 103 was a regularly scheduled Pan Am transatlantic flight from Frankfurt to Detroit via London and New York. On 21 December 1988, N739PA, the aircraft operating the transatlantic leg of the route was destroyed by a bomb, killing all 243 passengers and 16 crew – a disaster known as the Lockerbie bombing. Large sections of the aircraft crashed onto residential areas of Lockerbie, Scotland, killing 11 people on the ground. Following a three-year joint investigation by Dumfries and Galloway Constabulary and the US Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), arrest warrants were issued for

title: Pan Am Flight 103

text: the Boeing 747, which was cut into several pieces to assist in removal from Tundergarth Hill. Pan Am Flight 103 Pan Am Flight 103 was a regularly scheduled Pan Am transatlantic flight from Frankfurt to Detroit via London and New York. On 21 December 1988, N739PA, the aircraft operating the transatlantic leg of the route was destroyed by a bomb, killing all 243 passengers and 16 crew – a disaster known as the Lockerbie bombing. Large sections of the aircraft crashed onto residential areas of Lockerbie, Scotland, killing 11 people on the ground. Following a three-year joint investigation by Dumfries

title: Pan Am Flight 103

text: that Libya was not responsible. In an interview with Swedish newspaper Expressen on 23 February 2011, Mustafa Abdul Jalil, former Justice Secretary of Libya, claimed to have evidence that Gaddafi personally ordered Al-Megrahi to carry out the bombing. Quotes: "[Jalil] told Expressen Khadafy [sic] gave the order to Abdel Baset al-Megrahi, the only man convicted in the bombing of Pan Am Flight 103 over Lockerbie, Scotland, which killed all 259 people on board and 11 on the ground on 21 December 1988. 'To hide it, he (Khadafy) did everything in his power to get al-Megrahi back from Scotland,' Abdel-Jalil was

title: Pan Am Flight 103 bombing trial

text: the ongoing second Lockerbie appeal process saying it "bears the hallmarks of an 'intelligence operation'." Some general statistics: Pan Am Flight 103 bombing trial The Pan Am Flight 103 bombing trial began on 3 May 2000, 11 years, 4 months and 13 days after the destruction of Pan Am Flight 103 on 21 December 1988. The 36-week trial took place at a specially convened Scottish Court in the Netherlands set up under Scots law and held at a disused United States Air Force base called Camp Zeist near Utrecht. Upon the indictment of the two Libyan suspects in November 1991,

title: Pan Am Flight 103 bombing trial

text: Pan Am Flight 103 bombing trial The Pan Am Flight 103 bombing trial began on 3 May 2000, 11 years, 4 months and 13 days after the destruction of Pan Am Flight 103 on 21 December 1988. The 36-week trial took place at a specially convened Scottish Court in the Netherlands set up under Scots law and held at a disused United States Air Force base called Camp Zeist near Utrecht. Upon the indictment of the two Libyan suspects in November 1991, the Libyan government was called upon to extradite them for trial in either the United Kingdom or the

title: 1986 United States bombing of Libya

text: tape. His body was found in November 2009. On 21 December 1988 Libya bombed Pan Am Flight 103, which exploded in mid-air and crashed on the town of Lockerbie in Scotland after a bomb detonated, killing all 259 people aboard, and 11 people in Lockerbie. Iran was initially thought to have been responsible for the bombing in revenge for the downing of Iran Air flight 655 by the American missile cruiser USS "Vincennes" over the Persian Gulf, but in 1991 two Libyans were charged, one of whom was convicted of the crime in a controversial judgement on 31 January 2001.

title: Hans Köchler's Lockerbie trial observer mission

text: Hans Köchler's Lockerbie trial observer mission Hans Köchler's Lockerbie trial observer mission stemmed from the dispute between the United Kingdom, the United States, and Libya concerning arrangements for the trial of two Libyans accused of causing the explosion of Pan Am Flight 103 over Lockerbie on 21 December 1988. The dispute was resolved on the basis of legally binding United Nations Security Council Resolution 1192 of 27 August 1998. UN Security Council resolution 1192 "welcomed" "the initiative for the trial of the two [Libyan] persons charged with the bombing of Pan Am flight 103 ... before a Scottish court sitting

title: Pan Am Flight 103

text: one." On 23 February 2011, amidst the Libyan Civil War, Mustafa Abdul Jalil, former Libyan Justice Minister (and later member and Chairman of the anti-Gaddafi National Transitional Council), alleged that he had evidence that Libyan leader, Muammar Gaddafi, had personally ordered Abdelbaset al-Megrahi to bomb Pan Am Flight 103. Based on a 1995 investigation by journalists Paul Foot and John Ashton, alternative explanations of the plot to commit the Lockerbie bombing were listed by "The Guardian"'s Patrick Barkham in 1999. Following the Lockerbie verdict in 2001 and the appeal in 2002, attempts have been made to re-open the case amid

title: President's commission on aviation security and terrorism

text: President's commission on aviation security and terrorism Pan American Flight 103 blew up over Lockerbie, Scotland, on December 21, 1988. 243 passengers, 16 crew members, and 11 people on the ground were killed by the explosion. It was the second most disastrous passenger airline explosion up to that time By the next day, experts found enough evidence to declare the explosion to be deliberate sabotage. Within days intelligence sources reported an anonymous telephone call to the United States embassy in Helsinki, Finland, on December 5, 1988, warned of possible sabotage on the flight. Newly elected President George H. W. Bush

title: Jimmy McDougall

text: Jimmy McDougall Jimmy McDougall was Procurator Fiscal in Dumfries when Pan Am Flight 103 crashed at Lockerbie, Scotland, on 21 December 1988 killing all 243 passengers and 16 crew on board, as well as 11 people in the town of Lockerbie . In Scotland, responsibility for the investigation of sudden deaths rests with the Procurator Fiscal, who will attend the scene and may direct the police in the conduct of their inquiries. The Procurator Fiscal holds a commission from the Lord Advocate who is a government minister. At the time of the bombing the Lord Advocate was a member of

title: Matthew Gannon

text: officer. Matthew Gannon Matthew Kevin Gannon (August 11, 1954 – December 21, 1988) was a CIA officer killed in the bombing of Pan Am Flight 103 over Lockerbie, Scotland in 1988. Gannon was an Arabist who spent much of his career serving in the Middle East. He married Susan Twetten, daughter of Thomas Twetten (later Deputy Director of Operations at CIA). Matthew and Susan met while her father was Matthew's immediate supervisor. He is buried in Arlington National Cemetery and honored with a star on the CIA Memorial Wall. In May 2012, the CIA officially confirmed that Gannon was a

title: Matthew Gannon

text: Matthew Gannon Matthew Kevin Gannon (August 11, 1954 – December 21, 1988) was a CIA officer killed in the bombing of Pan Am Flight 103 over Lockerbie, Scotland in 1988. Gannon was an Arabist who spent much of his career serving in the Middle East. He married Susan Twetten, daughter of Thomas Twetten (later Deputy Director of Operations at CIA). Matthew and Susan met while her father was Matthew's immediate supervisor. He is buried in Arlington National Cemetery and honored with a star on the CIA Memorial Wall. In May 2012, the CIA officially confirmed that Gannon was a CIA

text: in the long term depend on whether it is able to ensure the supremacy of the law over considerations of power and convenience." Hans Köchler's Lockerbie trial observer mission Hans Köchler's Lockerbie trial observer mission stemmed from the dispute between the United Kingdom, the United States, and Libya concerning arrangements for the trial of two Libyans accused of causing the explosion of Pan Am Flight 103 over Lockerbie on 21 December 1988. The dispute was resolved on the basis of legally binding United Nations Security Council Resolution 1192 of 27 August 1998. UN Security Council resolution 1192 "welcomed" "the initiative

title: Dumfries and Galloway Constabulary

text: interim headquarters is at the Scottish Police College at Tulliallan in Fife. On 21 December 1988 Pan Am Flight 103 exploded mid-air as a result of a bomb on board, and the wreckage crashed in the town of Lockerbie, within the police area of Dumfries and Galloway Constabulary. In the UK, the event is referred to as the "Lockerbie air disaster", the "Lockerbie bombing", or simply "Lockerbie". Eleven townspeople were killed in Sherwood Crescent, where the plane's wings and fuel tanks plummeted in a fiery explosion, leaving a huge crater. The 270 fatalities (259 on the plane, 11 in Lockerbie)

title: Pan Am Flight 103

text: are never going to tell." The statement first came to public attention in the 1994 documentary film "The Maltese Double Cross – Lockerbie" and was published in both "The Guardian" of 12 November 1994, and a special report from "Private Eye" magazine entitled "Lockerbie, the flight from justice" May/June 2001. On 29 May 2002, Libya offered up to US$2.7 billion to settle claims by the families of the 270 killed in the Lockerbie bombing, representing US$10 million per family. The Libyan offer was that 40% of the money would be released when United Nations sanctions, suspended in 1999, were cancelled;

title: History of terrorism

text: president Anwar Sadat. On November 17, 1997, in what became known as the Luxor massacre, it attacked tourists at the Temple of Hatshepsut (Deir el-Bahri); six men dressed as police officers machine-gunned 58 Japanese and European vacationers and four Egyptians. On December 21, 1988, Pan Am Flight 103, a Pan American World Airways flight from London's Heathrow International Airport to New York City's John F. Kennedy International Airport, was destroyed mid flight over the Scottish town of Lockerbie, killing 270 people, including 11 on the ground. On January 31, 2001, Libyan Abdelbaset al-Megrahi was convicted by a panel of three

title: Pan Am Flight 103

text: to the families of the victims, although he maintained that he had never given the order for the attack. During the Libyan Civil War in 2011, former Minister of Justice Mustafa Abdul Jalil claimed that the Libyan leader had personally ordered the bombing, though this was later denied. The aircraft operating Pan Am Flight 103 was a Boeing 747–121, registered and named "Clipper Maid of the Seas", formerly named "Clipper Morning Light" prior to 1979. It was the 15th 747 built and was delivered in February 1970, one month after the first 747 entered service with Pan Am. In 1978,

title: Jimmy McDougall

text: in Britain. The police effort was augmented by officers from all over Scotland as well as the north of England. McDougall was given support from the Crown Office in Edinburgh and in particular from Norman McFadyen, then head of the Fraud and Specialist Services Group and now Procurator Fiscal covering the Edinburgh area but also with special responsibility for the Lockerbie case. Jimmy McDougall Jimmy McDougall was Procurator Fiscal in Dumfries when Pan Am Flight 103 crashed at Lockerbie, Scotland, on 21 December 1988 killing all 243 passengers and 16 crew on board, as well as 11 people in the

title: 2004 Madrid train bombings

text: 2004 Madrid train bombings The 2004 Madrid train bombings (also known in Spain as 11-M) were nearly simultaneous, coordinated bombings against the Cercanías commuter train system of Madrid, Spain, on the morning of 11 March 2004 – three days before Spain's general elections. The explosions killed 193 people and injured around 2,000. The bombings constituted the deadliest terrorist attack carried out in the history of Spain and the deadliest in Europe since the the 1988 bombing of Pan Am Flight 103 over Lockerbie, Scotland.. The official investigation by the Spanish judiciary found that the attacks were directed by an al-Qaeda

title: Arlington National Cemetery

text: were killed in the "Columbia" disaster, are also buried in Arlington. The Lockerbie Cairn is a memorial to the 270 killed in the bombing of Pan Am Flight 103 over Lockerbie, Scotland. The memorial is constructed of 270 stones, one for each person killed in the disaster. In section 64, a memorial to the 184 victims of the September 11 attacks on the Pentagon was dedicated September 11, 2002. The memorial takes the shape of a pentagon, and lists the names of all the victims that were killed. Unidentified remains from the victims are buried beneath it. On June 25,

title: Release of Abdelbaset al-Megrahi

text: prolonged survival, exceeding the approximate three months suggested in August 2009, generated much controversy. He had been released from the hospital and was living at his family’s villa in Libya. His death was announced on 20 May 2012. Pan Am Flight 103 was Pan American World Airways' third daily scheduled transatlantic flight from London's Heathrow Airport to New York's John F. Kennedy International Airport. On Wednesday 21 December 1988, the aircraft flying this route—a Boeing 747–121 named "Clipper Maid of the Seas"—was destroyed by a bomb, killing all 243 passengers and 16 crew members. Eleven people in Lockerbie, southern Scotland,

title: Pan Am Flight 103

text: composed of "the complete fuselage forward of approximately station 480 to station 380 and incorporating the flight deck and nose landing gear was found as one piece in a field approximately east of Lockerbie." This field, located opposite Tundergarth Church, is where the wreckage most easily identified with images of the accident in the media fell, having fallen "almost flat on its left side but with a slight nose-down attitude." All 243 passengers and 16 crew members were killed, as were 11 residents of Lockerbie on the ground. Of the 270 total fatalities, 190 were American citizens and 43 were

title: Airport security

text: one on Pan Am Flight 103 in 1988, which killed 270 people; 259 on the plane, and 11 residents of Lockerbie, Scotland. Another notable failure was the 1994 bombing of Philippine Airlines Flight 434, which turned out to be a test run for a planned terrorist attack called Operation Bojinka. The explosion was small, killing one person, and the plane made an emergency landing. Operation Bojinka was discovered and foiled by Manila police in 1995. On May 30, 1972, three members of the Japanese Red Army undertook a terrorist attack, popularly called the Lod Airport massacre, at the Lod Airport,

title: Pan Am Flight 103

text: British citizens. Nineteen other nationalities were represented, with four or fewer passengers per country. Flight 103 was under the command of Captain James Bruce MacQuarrie (55), an experienced pilot with almost 11,000 flight hours, of which more than 4,000 had been accrued in 747 aircraft. First Officer Ray Wagner (52) had approximately 5,500 flight hours in the 747 and a total of almost 12,000 hours. Flight Engineer Jerry Don Avritt (46) had more than 8,000 hours of flying experience. He had come to Pan Am through the 1980 merger with National Airlines. The cockpit crew was based at JFK. Six

title: Pan Am Flight 103 bombing investigation

text: were loaded onto Flight KM 180; and, 39 passengers travelled on the flight. Air Malta has been informed that all 55 pieces of baggage have been accounted for and that every one of the 39 passengers has been identified," Air Malta declared. Pan Am Flight 103 bombing investigation The investigation into the bombing of Pan Am Flight 103 began at 19:03 on December 21, 1988 when Pan Am Flight 103 was blown up over Lockerbie in Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland. The perpetrators had intended the plane to crash into the sea, destroying any traceable evidence, but the late departure time

title: Pan Am Flight 103 bombing investigation

text: Pan Am Flight 103 bombing investigation The investigation into the bombing of Pan Am Flight 103 began at 19:03 on December 21, 1988 when Pan Am Flight 103 was blown up over Lockerbie in Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland. The perpetrators had intended the plane to crash into the sea, destroying any traceable evidence, but the late departure time of the aircraft meant that its explosion over land left a veritable trail of evidence. The investigation led to the prosecution, conviction, and imprisonment of Abdelbaset al-Megrahi. In Scotland, responsibility for the investigation of sudden deaths rests with the local Procurator Fiscal

title: Pan Am Flight 103

text: hills of Lockerbie, Scotland. This mother tragically lost her son in the bombing of the Pan Am Flight 103. While in Lockerbie, 7 years after the flight, she meets the women who witnessed and were affected by the crash itself while she attempts to find closure. This play has received the Silver Medal from the Onassis International Playwriting Competition and the Kennedy Center Fund for New American Plays award. The main UK memorial is at Dryfesdale Cemetery about a mile west of Lockerbie. There is a semicircular stone wall in the garden of remembrance with the names and nationalities of

title: Pan Am Flight 103 bombing trial

text: murdered 259 passengers and crew of Pan Am Flight 103, and the eleven residents killed at Lockerbie in Scotland. The Scottish High Court of Justiciary at Camp Zeist, Netherlands was presided over by three senior judges, known as Lords Commissioners of Justiciary and an additional judge (non-voting): with: Five different Lords Advocate were in post from the 1991 indictment of the two accused Libyans until their trial in 2000 – three Conservative: Lord Fraser of Carmyllie, Lord Rodger of Earlsferry, Lord Mackay of Drumadoon, and two Labour: Lord Hardie and Lord Boyd of Duncansby. Lord Boyd led the prosecution on

title: Pan Am Flight 103

text: for the bombings of Pan Am Flight 103 and UTA Flight 772. Prior to the abandonment of Megrahi's second appeal against conviction and while new evidence could be still tested in court, there had been few calls for an independent inquiry into the Lockerbie bombing. Demands for such an inquiry emerged later, and became more insistent. On 2 September 2009, former MEP Michael McGowan demanded that the UK government call for an urgent, independent inquiry led by the UN to find out the truth about Pan Am flight 103. "We owe it to the families of the victims of Lockerbie

title: Pan Am Flight 103

text: in Tripoli, said "the council would not allow any Libyan to be deported to face trial in another country ... Abdelbaset al-Megrahi has already been judged once, and will not be judged again." Megrahi died of prostate cancer in Libya on 20 May 2012. Scottish First Minister Alex Salmond said that people should use the occasion to remember the Lockerbie victims. Until 2003, Libya had never formally admitted carrying out the 1988 Lockerbie bombing. On 16 August 2003, Libya formally admitted responsibility for Pan Am Flight 103 in a letter presented to the president of the United Nations Security Council.

title: Pan Am Flight 103 conspiracy theories

text: Pan Am Flight 103 conspiracy theories Pan Am Flight 103 conspiracy theories suggest a number of possible explanations for the bombing of Pan Am Flight 103 on December 21, 1988. Some of the theories preceded the official investigation by Scottish police and the FBI; others arose from different interpretation of evidence presented at Libyan agent Abdelbaset al-Megrahi's 2000–2001 trial; yet others have been developed independently by individuals and organisations outside the official investigation. The Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine – General Command (PFLP-GC) was the first suspect, in light of a threat it issued against U.S. and Israeli

title: Pan Am Flight 103

text: KM180 from Malta. Although documentation for flight KM180 indicated that all bags on that flight were accounted for, the court inferred that the bag came from that flight and that it contained the bomb. In 2009, it was revealed that security guard Ray Manley had reported that Heathrow's Pan Am baggage area had been broken into 17 hours before Flight 103 took off. Police lost the report and it was never investigated or brought up at trial. Known as the Lockerbie bombing and the Lockerbie air disaster in the UK, it was described by Scotland's Lord Advocate as the UK's

title: Lockerbie

text: brightly decorated interior. The name Dryfesdale comes from the local river, the Dryfe Water, which joins the River Annan a little to the west of the town. Lockerbie is known internationally as the place where, on 21 December 1988, the wreckage of Pan Am Flight 103 crashed after a terrorist bomb on board detonated. In the United Kingdom, the event is often referred to as the "Lockerbie disaster" or the "Lockerbie bombing". Eleven residents of the town were killed in Sherwood Crescent, where the aircraft's wings and fuel tanks plummeted in a fiery explosion, destroying several houses and leaving a

title: Pan Am Flight 103

text: Minister to discuss the need for a public inquiry and the main issues that it should address. An op-ed article by Pamela Dix, subtitled "The families of those killed in the bombing have not given up hope of an inquiry to help us learn the lessons of this tragedy", was published in "The Guardian" on 26 October 2009. On 1 November 2009, it was reported that Gordon Brown had ruled out a public inquiry into Lockerbie, saying in response to Dr Swire's letter: "I understand your desire to understand the events surrounding the bombing of Pan Am flight 103 but

title: Pan Am Flight 103 conspiracy theories

text: reasons, because the US and the UK needed Syria's help against Saddam Hussein. In a special pre-trial report by "American RadioWorks", the strengths and weaknesses of the case against Libya were explored. The report also examined in detail the evidence for and against the other main suspects in the first five alternative theories of this article. The report did not consider either the radio detonation or the South-West Africa (Namibia) theory. Pan Am Flight 103 conspiracy theories Pan Am Flight 103 conspiracy theories suggest a number of possible explanations for the bombing of Pan Am Flight 103 on December 21,

title: Lockerbie

text: Lockerbie Lockerbie (, ) is a town in Dumfries and Galloway, southwestern Scotland. It lies approximately from Glasgow, and from the English border. It had a population of 4,009 at the 2001 census. The town came to international attention on 21 December 1988 when the wreckage of Pan Am Flight 103 crashed there following a terrorist bomb attack aboard the flight. Lockerbie apparently has existed since at least the days of Viking influence in this part of Scotland in the period around 900. The name (originally "Loc-hard's by") means "Lockard's Town" in Old Norse. The presence of the remains of

title: Lockerbie: The Story and the Lessons

text: Lockerbie: The Story and the Lessons Lockerbie: The Story and the Lessons is a book by aviation security expert Rodney Wallis on the Pan Am 103/Lockerbie bombing case, focusing upon the civil litigation trial brought by surviving family members against the now defunct Pan American World Airways. The civil trial took place in 1992 in the Eastern District of New York, before United States District Court Judge Thomas C. Platt. In his book, Wallis, a former Director of Security for the International Air Transport Association (IATA) brings together the facts surrounding the sabotage on 21 December 1988 of Pan Am

title: Lockerbie

text: adventure holidays. Steven's Croft power station opened in 2008 just to the north of the town. It is the largest biomass-powered electric generator in the UK. Lockerbie Lockerbie (, ) is a town in Dumfries and Galloway, southwestern Scotland. It lies approximately from Glasgow, and from the English border. It had a population of 4,009 at the 2001 census. The town came to international attention on 21 December 1988 when the wreckage of Pan Am Flight 103 crashed there following a terrorist bomb attack aboard the flight. Lockerbie apparently has existed since at least the days of Viking influence in

title: 2004 Madrid train bombings

text: Santa Eugenia and Atocha. People combed the city's major hospitals in search of family members who they thought were aboard the trains. The total number of victims was higher than in any other terrorist attack in Spain, far surpassing the 21 killed and 40 wounded from a 1987 bombing at a Hipercor chain supermarket in Barcelona. On that occasion, responsibility was claimed by ETA. It was Europe's worst terror attack since the bombing of Pan Am Flight 103 over Lockerbie, Scotland, in December 1988. A device composed of 12 kilograms of Goma-2 ECO with a detonator and 136 meters of

title: Pan American World Airways

text: aircraft and improve the company's on-time performance began showing positive results (in fact, Pan Am's most profitable quarter ever was the third quarter of 1988), on December 21, 1988, the bombing of Pan Am flight 103 above Lockerbie, Scotland, resulted in 270 fatalities. Faced with a $300 million lawsuit filed by more than 100 families of the victims, the airline subpoenaed records of six U.S. government agencies, including the CIA, the Drug Enforcement Administration, and the State Department. Though the records suggested that the U.S. government was aware of warnings of a bombing and failed to pass the information to

title: The Maltese Double Cross – Lockerbie

text: film. "The Maltese Double Cross – Lockerbie" discusses evidence and witnesses that would eventually figure at the Pan Am Flight 103 bombing trial in 2000: The documentary disputes the conclusion reached by the official investigation into the bombing of Pan Am Flight 103, instead advancing the theory that the bomb was introduced onto the aircraft by an unwitting drug mule, Khaled Jafaar, in what the filmmaker claims is a CIA-protected suitcase. Abolhassan Bani-Sadr, a former president of Iran, discusses the idea that Iran took revenge for the shootdown by the USS "Vincennes" of Iran Air Flight 655 in July 1988.

title: Pan Am Flight 73

text: prisoners have escaped from Adiala jail Rawalpindi, reportedly in January 2008. Libya has been accused of sponsoring the hijacking, as well as carrying out the bombings of Pan Am Flight 103 in 1988 and UTA Flight 772 in 1989. In August 2003, Libya accepted responsibility for "the actions of its officials" in respect of the bombing Pan Am Flight 103, but was silent on the question of the Pan Am Flight 73 hijacking. Libya offered $2.7 billion USD in compensation to the families of the 270 victims of Pan Am Flight 103 and, in January 2004, agreed to pay $170

title: Pan Am Flight 103

text: al-Islam Gaddafi said that the seven Libyans convicted for the Pan Am Flight 103 and the UTA Flight 772 bombings "are innocent". When asked if Libya would therefore seek reimbursement of the compensation paid to the families of the victims (US$33 billion in total), Saif Gaddafi replied: "I don't know". Following discussions in London in May 2008, US and Libyan officials agreed to start negotiations to resolve all outstanding bilateral compensation claims, including those relating to UTA Flight 772, the 1986 Berlin discotheque bombing and Pan Am Flight 103. On 14 August 2008, a US-Libya compensation deal was signed in

title: Pan Am Flight 103 bombing investigation

text: x-rayed by a low-risk airline in a low-risk airport may be routed without further checks through several other airports to high-risk airlines. Frankfurt International Airport records for December 21, 1988, had been saved, only by chance, by computer programmer Bogomira Erac, who had kept a copy of the records on the spur of the moment "... in memory of the people who were on the plane". These records were to show that an unaccompanied bag had been routed from Air Malta Flight KM 180 out of Luqa Airport to Frankfurt, where it had been loaded onto Pan Am 103A, the

title: Syracuse University

text: computer engineering and bioengineering programs. In 1962, Samuel Irving Newhouse, Sr. donated $15 million to begin construction of a school of communications, eventually known as the SI Newhouse School of Public Communications. In 1966, Syracuse University was admitted to the Association of American Universities, an organization of leading research universities devoted to maintaining a strong system of academic research and education. On December 21, 1988, 35 Syracuse University students were killed in the terrorist bombing of Pan Am Flight 103 over Lockerbie, Scotland. The students were returning from a study-abroad program in Europe. That evening, Syracuse University went on with

title: Premiership of Tony Blair

text: The incident was the deadliest single act of terrorism in the United Kingdom since the 1988 bombing of Pan Am Flight 103 over Lockerbie, Scotland which killed 270 people and replaced the 1998 Omagh bombing (29 dead) as the second-most deadly terrorist attack on British soil. It was also the deadliest bombing in London since World War II. Blair made about the day's bombings, saying that he believed it was "reasonably clear" that it was an act of terror, and that he hoped the people of Britain could demonstrate that their will to overcome the events is greater than the

title: Ahmad Behbahani

text: of Libyans who underwent 90 days of training to prepare them to carry out the bombing. Ahmad Behbahani Ahmad Beladi Behbahani () is a refugee who claimed to be a former Iranian intelligence officer, responsible for organizing terrorism abroad. He is known for his claim in 2000 that the Iranian government planned and sanctioned the Lockerbie disaster, when Pan Am Flight 103 crashed on December 21, 1988, over the town of Lockerbie in Annandale, Scotland. He reportedly alleged that Iran carried out the act in response to the destruction of Iran Air Flight 655 on July 3, 1988. The claim

title: History of Namibia

text: Protocol", established a Joint Monitoring Commission (JMC) with the United States and the Soviet Union as observers. The Tripartite Accord, comprising a bilateral agreement between Cuba and Angola, and a tripartite agreement between Angola, Cuba and South Africa whereby South Africa agreed to hand control of Namibia to the United Nations, were signed at UN headquarters in New York City on 22 December 1988. (UN Commissioner N°4 Bernt Carlsson was not present at the signing ceremony. He was killed on flight Pan Am 103 which exploded over Lockerbie, Scotland on 21 December 1988 "en route" from London to New York.

title: Lufthansa Flight 592

text: in Hannover. Frankfurt Airport, the busiest airport in Europe at the time, had recently come under fire after the bombing of Pan Am Flight 103 over Lockerbie, Scotland in 1988, when it had been alleged that the explosives had been loaded in Frankfurt. Since the 1988 bombing, the Frankfurt airport had performed numerous security reviews and implemented more stringent security procedures. The incident was the first trans-Atlantic hijacking since five Croatian nationalists hijacked TWA Flight 355 on September 10, 1976. In that incident, the domestic New York-Chicago flight was forced to fly to Paris, France. In 2012, the hijacking was

title: The Maltese Double Cross – Lockerbie

text: heart attack in a Customs area at George Bush Intercontinental Airport in Houston, Texas, on April 17, 1997 whilst entering the United States from England; he was 56. The Maltese Double Cross – Lockerbie The Maltese Double Cross – Lockerbie is a documentary film about the 1988 bombing of Pan Am Flight 103. Produced, written, and directed by Allan Francovich and financed by Tiny Rowland, the film was released by Hemar Enterprises in November 1994. With a controversial premise, it was immediately threatened with legal action by lawyers acting for a US government official, and the British government prevented screenings

title: Pan Am Flight 103

text: the families of the Lockerbie victims, authors, journalists, professors, politicians and parliamentarians, as well as Archbishop Desmond Tutu. The signatories considered that a UN inquiry could help remove "many of the deep misgivings which persist in lingering over this tragedy" and could also eliminate Malta from this terrorist act. Malta was brought into the case because the prosecution argued that the two accused Libyans, Abdelbaset al-Megrahi and Lamin Khalifah Fhimah, had placed the bomb on an Air Malta aircraft before it was transferred at Frankfurt airport to a feeder flight destined for London's Heathrow airport, from which Pan Am Flight

title: Scottish Court in the Netherlands

text: Scottish Court in the Netherlands The Scottish court in the Netherlands was a special sitting of the High Court of Justiciary set up under Scots law in a former United States Air Force base called Camp Zeist in Utrecht, in the Netherlands, for the trial of two Libyans charged with 270 counts of murder in connection with the bombing of Pan Am Flight 103 over Lockerbie, Scotland, on 21 December 1988. A school on the former base was converted into a judicial court for the trial. The court was established in a neutral country as part of a deal between

title: Scottish Court in the Netherlands

text: returned to Libya. He died in 2012. Scottish Court in the Netherlands The Scottish court in the Netherlands was a special sitting of the High Court of Justiciary set up under Scots law in a former United States Air Force base called Camp Zeist in Utrecht, in the Netherlands, for the trial of two Libyans charged with 270 counts of murder in connection with the bombing of Pan Am Flight 103 over Lockerbie, Scotland, on 21 December 1988. A school on the former base was converted into a judicial court for the trial. The court was established in a neutral

title: Pan Am Flight 103 bombing trial

text: of a Vengeance Foretold. The article alleges that Iran ordered the bombing of Pan Am 103 in revenge for the downing of Iran Air Flight 655. In January 2009, it was reported that, although Megrahi's second appeal against conviction was scheduled to begin on 27 April 2009, the hearing could last as long as 12 months because of the complexity of the case and volume of material to be examined. On 18 August 2009, Megrahi dropped his appeal in light of his terminal prostate cancer. On 20 August 2009, Scotland's Justice Minister, Kenny MacAskill, announced the release of Megrahi under

title: Olof Palme

text: political ally, Bernt Carlsson, who was appointed UN Commissioner for Namibia in July 1987, was killed in the bombing of Pan Am Flight 103 over Lockerbie, Scotland on 21 December 1988 "en route" to the UN signing ceremony of the New York Accords the following day. Palme was said to have had a profound impact on people's emotions; he was very popular among the left, but harshly detested by most liberals and conservatives. This was due in part to his international activities, especially those directed against the US foreign policy, and in part to his aggressive and outspoken debating style.

title: Edwin Bollier

text: the bomb that brought the aircraft down over Lockerbie in Scotland on 21 December 1988. In the early stages of the investigation into the bombing of Pan Am Flight 103, the Scottish police showed Bollier a photograph of what he said was a brown 8-ply timer fragment, from a prototype timer that was never supplied to Libya. At the Lockerbie trial, Bollier was asked to identify a green 9-ply timer fragment from an MST-13 timer, 20 of which had been delivered to Libya. He wanted to dispute the evidence but trial Judge, Lord Sutherland, did not permit him to do

title: Ed Acker

text: kept the airline alive only by selling its transpacific routes to United Airlines for $750 million. He left Pan Am in 1988. The Lockerbie Bombing of a Pan American 747-100 occurred in December 1988. Pan American was ultimately found liable for negligent security practices directly contributing to the Lockerbie Bombing. The explosion of Pan Am Flight 103 at Lockerbie in December 1988 is widely regarded as the 'final straw' in the ability of Pan American to remain a going concern. Pan Am was a pioneer of aviation, a premier American brand and was considered the de facto flag carrier of

title: History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi

text: Libya. Some publications were financed by Gaddafi. The Socialist Labour League's "Workers News" was one such publication: "in among the routine denunciations of uranium mining and calls for greater trade union militancy would be a couple of pages extolling Gaddafi's fatuous and incoherent green book and the Libyan revolution." Libya was accused in the 1988 bombing of Pan Am Flight 103 over Lockerbie, Scotland; UN sanctions were imposed in 1992. UN Security Council resolutions (UNSCRs) passed in 1992 and 1993 obliged Libya to fulfill requirements related to the Pan Am 103 bombing before sanctions could be lifted, leading to Libya's

title: Abu Nidal

text: daily life, including where he lived. If he wanted to entertain, Seale writes, he would take over the home of another member. According to Abu Bakr, speaking to "Al Hayatt" in 2002, Abu Nidal said he was behind the bombing of Pan Am Flight 103, which exploded over Lockerbie, Scotland, on 21 December 1988; a former head of security for Libyan Arab Airlines was later convicted. Abu Nidal reportedly said of Lockerbie, according to Seale: "We do have some involvement in this matter, but if anyone so much as mentions it, I will kill him with my own hands!" Seale

title: The Maltese Double Cross – Lockerbie

text: The Maltese Double Cross – Lockerbie The Maltese Double Cross – Lockerbie is a documentary film about the 1988 bombing of Pan Am Flight 103. Produced, written, and directed by Allan Francovich and financed by Tiny Rowland, the film was released by Hemar Enterprises in November 1994. With a controversial premise, it was immediately threatened with legal action by lawyers acting for a US government official, and the British government prevented screenings at the 1994 London Film Festival, at the Institute of Contemporary Arts and at several universities. But Labour MP Tam Dalyell ignored libel warnings and went ahead and

title: Pan Am Flight 103 conspiracy theories

text: interests before the bombing. The state of Iran was also in the frame very early, with its motive thought to be revenge for the July 1988 shooting down of Iran Air Flight 655 by . This theory was later reinforced by Abolghasem Mesbahi, former head of Iranian intelligence operations in Europe, who stated after defecting to Germany that Iran had asked Libya and Abu Nidal, a Palestinian guerrilla leader, to carry out the attack on Pan Am 103. In his 1994 film "The Maltese Double Cross", Allan Francovich suggested that rogue CIA agents were implicated in a plot that involved

title: Pan Am Flight 103

text: and the international community to identify those responsible," McGowan said. Two online petitions were started: one calling for a UK public inquiry into the Lockerbie bombing; the other a UN inquiry into the murder of UN Commissioner for Namibia, Bernt Carlsson, in the 1988 Lockerbie bombing. In September 2009, a third petition which was addressed to the President of the United Nations General Assembly demanded that the UN should "institute a full public inquiry" into the Lockerbie disaster. On 3 October 2009, Malta was asked to table a UN resolution supporting the petition, which was signed by 20 people including

title: David White (actor)

text: "Dynasty". He also appeared in the movies "The Happy Hooker Goes to Washington", Disney's "Snowball Express", and had a prominent role in the 1985 version of "Brewster's Millions" starring Richard Pryor. White's first marriage was to stage actress Mary Welch. On May 31, 1958, Welch died of complications from her second pregnancy. Their son, Jonathan, died on December 21, 1988, at the age of 33, in the bombing of Pan Am Flight 103 over Lockerbie, Scotland. White married actress Lisa Figus in 1959, with whom he had a daughter, Alexandra. They were married until his death in 1990. He died

title: Pan Am Flight 103 bombing investigation

text: that there was evidence that Pan Am 103 had been brought down by an improvised explosive device (IED). Over a thousand police officers and soldiers carried out fingertip searches of the crash site that lasted for months, retrieving 4 million pieces from the fields and forests of southern Scotland. The searchers were divided into groups of eight or ten, with the instruction: "If it isn't growing and it isn't a rock, pick it up." They were asked to look out particularly for items which might be charred and which might therefore have been close to an explosion. British military helicopters

title: Libya–United States relations

text: intelligence agents were indicted by federal prosecutors in the U.S. and Scotland for their involvement in the December 1988 bombing of Pan Am flight 103 near Lockerbie, Scotland. In January 1992, the UN Security Council approved Resolution 731 demanding that Libya surrender the suspects, cooperate with the Pan Am 103 and UTA 772 investigations, pay compensation to the victims' families, and cease all support for terrorism. Libya's refusal to comply led to the approval of UNSC Resolution 748 on March 31, 1992, imposing sanctions designed to bring about Libyan compliance. Continued Libyan defiance led to passage of Security Council Resolution

title: Lockerbie: The Story and the Lessons

text: Lockerbie bombing: one was convicted on 270 counts of murder (Abdelbaset al-Megrahi) and was sentenced to life imprisonment; the other was found not guilty (Lamin Khalifah Fhimah) and was released. Lockerbie: The Story and the Lessons Lockerbie: The Story and the Lessons is a book by aviation security expert Rodney Wallis on the Pan Am 103/Lockerbie bombing case, focusing upon the civil litigation trial brought by surviving family members against the now defunct Pan American World Airways. The civil trial took place in 1992 in the Eastern District of New York, before United States District Court Judge Thomas C. Platt.

title: Battle of Maaten al-Sarra

text: due to internal demoralization and foreign hostility. While the ceasefire was subject to many minor violations, it substantially held, thus putting an end to the Chadian-Libyan conflict. However, the defeat also fostered in Gaddafi a simmering animosity against France and the United States which culminated in Libyan support for the bombings of Pan Am Flight 103 from London to New York over Lockerbie, Scotland on December 21, 1988 and UTA Flight 772 from Chad to Paris over Niger on September 19, 1989. Battle of Maaten al-Sarra The battle of Maaten al-Sarra was a battle fought between Chad and Libya on

title: Major Emmerdale storylines

text: similarity with the real-life bombing of Pan Am Flight 103 over Lockerbie, Scotland on 21 December 1988, and was aired near to the time of the fifth anniversary of that disaster. The first scene of the plane crash was when Frank Tate (Norman Bowler) was looking at his wife's Kim Tate's (Claire King) stables, when suddenly a ball of fire hits them. Nick Bates (Cy Chadwick) and Archie Brooks (Tony Pitts) were walking home when they are blinded by some fluid, and Archie is eventually engulfed in flames. This was the last time that Archie appeared onscreen; however, his body

title: Pan Am Flight 103 bombing trial

text: to take place between December 2007 and June 2008. Pointing out an error on the FCO's website and accusing the British government of "delaying tactics" in relation to Megrahi's second Lockerbie appeal, UN Observer at the Lockerbie trial Dr Hans Köchler wrote to Foreign Secretary David Miliband on 21 July 2008 saying: As international observer, appointed by the United Nations, at the Scottish Court in the Netherlands I am also concerned about the Public Interest Immunity (PII) certificate which has been issued by you in connection with the new Appeal of the convicted Libyan national. Withholding of evidence from the

title: Pan Am Flight 103 conspiracy theories

text: 1986 bombing of Benghazi and Tripoli. Nidal then organized the hijacking of Pan Am Flight 73 in Karachi on September 5, 1986 killing 22 passengers and wounding dozens of others. In August 1987, Abu Nidal allegedly tried again, this time using an unwitting bomb mule to carry a device on board a flight from Belgrade (airline unknown), but the bomb failed to explode. For PA 103, Senussi allegedly told Nidal to supply the bomb, and Libyan intelligence would arrange for it to be put on a flight. No evidence has been produced in support of these theories. According to another

title: United Kingdom–United States relations

text: and 40 Britons on Pan American Worldways' Flight 103 over the town of Lockerbie, Scotland on 21 December 1988. He was sentenced to life in prison in 2001, but was released after being diagnosed with terminal cancer, with around three months to live. Americans said the decision was uncompassionate and insensitive to the memory of the victims of the 1988 Lockerbie bombing. President Barack Obama said that the decision was "highly objectionable." U.S. Ambassador Louis Susman said that although the decision made by Scotland to release Abdelbaset al-Megrahi was seen by the United States as extremely regrettable, relations with the

title: Lockerbie

text: large crater, with debris causing damage to other buildings nearby. All 259 people on the flight also died. The 270 total victims were citizens of 20 different nations. The event remains the deadliest terrorist attack and aviation disaster in Britain. Lockerbie Academy, the town's high school, became the headquarters for the response and recovery effort after the Pan Am Flight 103 disaster. Subsequently, the academy, in cooperation with Syracuse University of Syracuse, New York, US, which lost 35 students in the bombing, established a scholarship at the university. Each year, two students spend one academic year at Syracuse University as

title: Scotland men's national lacrosse team

text: overall out of twelve competing nations. Scotland men's national lacrosse team The Scotland national men's lacrosse team is governed by Lacrosse Scotland and is coached by former National Lacrosse League player, Brian Silcott. Prior to the Lockerbie air disaster in December 1988, the men's game had not been represented in Scotland since the turn of the 20th century. The tragedy of Pan Am Flight 103 saw many Syracuse University students perish and on a memorial visit one year later the University's lacrosse team were surprised that there was no Scotland national men's team for them to compete against. The country

title: Scotland men's national lacrosse team

text: Scotland men's national lacrosse team The Scotland national men's lacrosse team is governed by Lacrosse Scotland and is coached by former National Lacrosse League player, Brian Silcott. Prior to the Lockerbie air disaster in December 1988, the men's game had not been represented in Scotland since the turn of the 20th century. The tragedy of Pan Am Flight 103 saw many Syracuse University students perish and on a memorial visit one year later the University's lacrosse team were surprised that there was no Scotland national men's team for them to compete against. The country was challenged to pull together an

title: Patrick Noonan

text: National Geographic Society and is Vice Chairman of the Society's Education Foundation. He is also on the Board of Advisors of the Nicholas Institute for Environmental Policy Solutions and was previously a board member of the Chesapeake Conservancy. His daughter, Karen Elizabeth Noonan (December 26, 1967 - December 21, 1988) was one of the victims of the terrorist bombing of Pan Am Flight 103 over Lockerbie, Scotland. Noonan is quoted in the profile prepared by the American Academy for Park and Recreation Administration when he received its Pugsley Medal in 2005: "Noonan's early childhood was spent with weekends in the

title: Erwin Meister

text: bomb that destroyed Pan Am Flight 103 over Lockerbie, Scotland on 21 December 1988 killing 270 people, Erwin Meister was summoned to give evidence in week 8 of the Lockerbie trial. Erwin Meister Erwin Meister is a Swiss businessman who, with his partner Edwin Bollier, formed the company Mebo Telecommunications in 1969. They bought a Norwegian freighter, renamed it "Mebo II", and converted it into an offshore radio station. "Mebo II" operated off the coasts of the Netherlands and England from 1970 to 1974, when it broadcast as "Radio North Sea International" (RNI). After both countries having enacted legislation outlawing

title: Melvin A. Eggers

text: guided the university community through the trauma of the December 21, 1988 bombing of Pan Am Flight 103, which crashed in Lockerbie, Scotland, killing 35 students who were returning from a semester of study at Syracuse's London campus. Eggers retired as chancellor in 1991. Eggers Hall was dedicated in his honor in October 1994; he died November 20, 1994. Melvin A. Eggers Melvin A. Eggers (February 21, 1916 – November 20, 1994) was the ninth Chancellor and President of Syracuse University. Eggers took office in 1971, amidst tumult at Syracuse and other university campuses, and retired in 1991. He is

title: Blair Boone

text: in Houston before moving to pursue his Bachelor’s in Voice Performance (honors) and Master’s in French Language, Literature and Culture at Syracuse University. During his academic tenure he received the university’s most prestigious Remembrance Scholar Award (named for the 35 students killed in the bombing of Pan Am Flight 103 Dec. 21, 1988 over Lockerbie, Scotland), and The SU Graduate Teaching Fellowship in French. He also studied voice and piano at the Strasbourg Conservatory of Music in Strasbourg, France. After graduating and moving to New York City, Boone-Migura began teaching French and coaching singers in French diction and the French

title: Jan-Olof Bengtsson

text: Flight 103 was sabotaged over Lockerbie, Scotland on 21 December 1988. The articles alleged Carlsson had been persuaded by apartheid South Africa into joining PA 103 at the last minute at Heathrow, instead of taking a flight, as intended, direct from Brussels to New York. These articles subsequently formed the basis of one of the conspiracy theories surrounding Pan Am Flight 103. Jan-Olof Bengtsson Jan-Olof Bengtsson is a Swedish journalist and political columnist in different media. He was born on 30 April 1952 and lives in Malmö, Sweden and in France. Bengtsson covered the Middle East conflict in Israel and

title: Abdelbaset al-Megrahi

text: Abdelbaset al-Megrahi Abdelbaset Ali Mohmed al-Megrahi ( , ; 1 April 1952 – 20 May 2012) was a Libyan who was head of security for Libyan Arab Airlines, director of the Centre for Strategic Studies in Tripoli, Libya, and an alleged Libyan intelligence officer. On 31 January 2001, Megrahi was convicted, by a panel of three Scottish judges sitting in a special court at Camp Zeist in the Netherlands, of 270 counts of murder for the bombing of Pan Am Flight 103 over Lockerbie, Scotland, on 21 December 1988 and was sentenced to life imprisonment. His co-accused, Lamin Khalifah Fhimah,

title: Helen Engelhardt

text: cuts in state services. Engelhardt is the widow of Tony Hawkins, one of the 259 victims aboard Pan Am Flight 103 which exploded on Wednesday, 21 December 1988 over Lockerbie, Scotland when a bomb was detonated. She attracted public notice shortly after the bombing and again after the 2001 verdict announcements in the trial of Lameen Khalifa Fhima (who was acquitted) and Abdelbaset al-Megrahi (who was found guilty). She spoke out against Libyan leader Muammar al-Gaddafi during his visit to New York City on 23 September 2009 to give his speech to the United Nations General Assembly. She spoke against

title: Presidency of Nelson Mandela

text: of F. W. de Klerk's resignation from joint office. President Mandela took a particular interest in helping to resolve the long-running dispute between Gaddafi's Libya, on one hand, and the United States and UK on the other, over bringing to trial the two Libyans who were indicted in November 1991, and accused of bombing Pan Am Flight 103, which subsequently broke apart and fell to and near the Scottish town of Lockerbie on 21 December 1988, with the loss of 270 lives. As early as 1992, Mandela informally approached President George H.W. Bush with a proposal to have the two

title: Sensitive Security Information

text: weapon; and, any contingency security plan." Less than a year after the December 21, 1988, bombing of Pan Am Flight 103 over Lockerbie, Scotland, the President's Commission on Aviation Security and Terrorism recommended improvements in FAA security bulletins, leading to the creation of Security Directives and Information Circulars. In 1990, section 9121 of the Aviation Safety and Capacity Expansion Act of 1990 (Pub. L. 101-508) broadened 14 CFR Part 191 to prohibit disclosure of "any information obtained in the conduct of security or research and development activities." The Aviation Security Improvement Act of 1990 (Pub. L. No. 101-604) required minimizing

title: Pan Am Flight 103 bombing trial

text: by reopening the case. In December 2014 the Lord Advocate, Frank Mulholland, said no Crown Office investigator or prosecutor had ever raised concerns about the evidence used to convict Megrahi. He also pledged to continue to track down Megrahi's accomplices. Dr. Jim Swire, whose daughter Flora was killed in the bombing, and who has been a spokesman for UK Families Flight 103, which represented British relatives, has stated that he believes Megrahi is innocent. Dr Swire is also concerned by comments attributed to the former lord advocate Lord Fraser, which appeared to doubt the credibility of a key prosecution witness,

title: William C. Chasey

text: "Foreign Agent 4221", and "Pan Am 103", the "Lockerbie Cover-up", drawn from personal experience, tell the story of Chasey's attempt to normalize relations between the U.S. and Libya over the bombing of Pan Am 103 over Lockerbie, Scotland in 1988. He concludes that the PanAm bombing was wrongfully attributed to the Muammar Gaddafi government and was, in fact, the work of Syria and Iran in response to the USS Vincennes incident. 'Truth Never Dies: The Bill Chasey Story,' Chasey's third book, was a 2012 Pulitzer Prize in Literature entrant, and is also drawn from personal experience. It tells of his

title: Awards of the United States Department of State

text: of Daniel E. O'Connor, who died in the terrorist bombing of Pan Am Flight 103 over Lockerbie, Scotland, in 1988. The award recognizes superior professional performance and outstanding leadership in the challenging field of site security management. This award is conferred in recognition of the high standards that characterize the Department's reporting, analysis, and advocacy efforts. The recipient receives a certificate signed by the Secretary of State, $10,000, and an engraved desk pen set. The recipients’ names are engraved on a plaque that is permanently displayed in the Department. This award was established in 1980 to recognize exemplary performance in

title: Ahmad Behbahani

text: Ahmad Behbahani Ahmad Beladi Behbahani () is a refugee who claimed to be a former Iranian intelligence officer, responsible for organizing terrorism abroad. He is known for his claim in 2000 that the Iranian government planned and sanctioned the Lockerbie disaster, when Pan Am Flight 103 crashed on December 21, 1988, over the town of Lockerbie in Annandale, Scotland. He reportedly alleged that Iran carried out the act in response to the destruction of Iran Air Flight 655 on July 3, 1988. The claim was made while a refugee in Turkey. Behbahani claimed that he brought into Iran a group

title: Bernt Carlsson

text: Bernt Carlsson Bernt Wilmar Carlsson (21 November 1938 – 21 December 1988) was a Swedish social democrat and diplomat who served as Assistant-Secretary-General of the United Nations and United Nations Commissioner for Namibia from July 1987 until he died on Pan Am Flight 103, which was blown up over Lockerbie, Scotland on 21 December 1988. A native of Stockholm, Carlsson joined the Swedish Social Democratic Youth League when he was sixteen, studied economics at Stockholm University and, upon graduation, went into Sweden's foreign ministry. He worked as assistant to the Minister of Commerce in 1967 and was assigned to be

title: 7 July 2005 London bombings

text: of whom were UK residents, were killed, and more than 700 were injured, in the attacks, making it Britain's deadliest terrorist incident since the 1988 bombing of Pan Am Flight 103 near Lockerbie, Scotland, as well as the country's first Islamist suicide attack. The explosions were caused by triacetone triperoxide-based IEDs packed into backpacks. The bombings were followed two weeks later by a series of attempted attacks that failed to cause injury or damage. The 7 July attacks occurred the day after London had won its bid to host the 2012 Olympic Games. At 8:49 am, on Thursday 7 July

title: Pan Am Flight 103 conspiracy theories

text: theory, suggested by former UK diplomat Patrick Haseldine, apartheid South Africa was responsible for the sabotage of PA 103. The theory is rooted in an allegation made in the film "The Maltese Double Cross" and by "Die Zeit" that the United States government knew of the bomb and warned staff from its embassies in Helsinki and Moscow, as well as a high-level South African delegation, to avoid the flight. Someone allegedly contacted the US embassy in Helsinki, Finland, 16 days before the bombing, warning of a bomb on a Pan Am aircraft departing Frankfurt for the U.S.; none of the

title: Pan American World Airways

text: Pan Am 747 named the "Clipper Empress of the Seas" (N656PA), operating as Pan Am Flight 73, was taken over by hijackers while on a scheduled stop in Karachi. The flight never departed Karachi, but 20 people were killed when the aircraft was stormed on the ground. The chief purser of the flight, Neerja Bhanot (an Indian National), perished, while saving many lives on the flight, and was posthumously awarded the Ashok Chakra Award by the Indian Government, as well as civil accolades by the U.S. Government and the Pakistan Government for her selfless act. Pan Am Flight 103 was

title: Pan Am Flight 759

text: produced a documentary on the crash in 2012. Pan Am Flight 759 Pan Am Flight 759 was a regularly scheduled domestic passenger flight from Miami to San Diego, with en route stops in New Orleans and Las Vegas. On 9 July 1982, the Boeing 727 flying this route crashed in the New Orleans suburb of Kenner after being forced down by a microburst shortly after takeoff. All 145 on board and 8 people on the ground were killed. The crash had the highest number of aviation fatalities in 1982. The aircraft involved, a 14-year-old Boeing 727-235, registration N4737, construction number

title: Mark Phillips (journalist)

text: to 1988, Phillips was assigned to the CBS News bureau in Rome, where he covered the Vatican and Pope John Paul II, the Iran-Iraq war and the war in Afghanistan, among many other stories. From 1988 to 1993, Phillips became correspondent based in the CBS News bureau in Washington, where he covered American politics, the investigation into the 1988 bombing of Pan Am Flight 103 over Lockerbie, Scotland, the TWA crash in Sioux City, the Eastern Airlines strike, and then reported from the State Department during the Persian Gulf War in 1991. In 1993, Phillips did return to the CBS

title: The Maltese Double Cross – Lockerbie

text: had succeeded in destroying "the official truth that Libya was responsible for the sabotage of Pan Am 103 over Lockerbie in 1988." The governments of the United States and the United Kingdom and their respective agencies strongly contested the conclusions of the film as well as the character and honesty of some of the film's participants. In January 1995, Francovich claimed that new evidence (in the form of a US intelligence document) added further weight to the argument in his film that Iran had paid to have the bombing carried out, a claim promptly dismissed by the State Department, the

title: 7 July 2005 London bombings

text: 1988 bombing of Pan Am Flight 103, which crashed on Lockerbie and killed 270 people, and the deadliest bombing in London since the Second World War. Police examined about 2,500 items of CCTV footage and forensic evidence from the scenes of the attacks. The bombs were probably placed on the floors of the trains and bus. Investigators identified four men who they alleged had been the suicide bombers. This made the bombings the first ever suicide attack in the British Isles. Vincent Cannistraro, former head of the Central Intelligence Agency's anti-terrorism centre, told "The Guardian" that "two unexploded bombs" were

title: Robert Black (lawyer)

text: as the Law Society of Scotland's examiner in Evidence; as the examiner in Civil and Criminal Procedure and Pleading, for solicitors seeking extended rights of audience; and, as the Faculty of Advocates' examiner in Private Law. He was General Editor of "The Laws of Scotland : Stair Memorial Encyclopedia" (25 volumes) from 1987 to 1996. He has made extensive contributions to books and to numerous legal journal articles. Professor Robert Black has taken a close personal and professional interest in the Pan Am Flight 103 bombing of 21 December 1988, particularly because he was born and brought up in Lockerbie,

title: Omnipol

text: it has been alleged that the Semtex utilized to carry out the 1988 bombing of Pan Am Flight 103 over Lockerbie, Scotland was in fact indirectly sourced from Omnipol via Libya, which, though not entirely substantiated or corroborated, fits in with verifiable records of Omnipol's arms sale connections to Libya. Omnipol Omnipol is a company based in Prague, Czech Republic, specialising in the trading of defence and aerospace equipment. Omnipol acts as the intermediary in government-to-government sales of defence equipment, meeting the needs of air and ground forces in more than 60 countries. From 1975-1981, roughly 700 tons of Semtex

title: Pan Am Flight 759

text: Pan Am Flight 759 Pan Am Flight 759 was a regularly scheduled domestic passenger flight from Miami to San Diego, with en route stops in New Orleans and Las Vegas. On 9 July 1982, the Boeing 727 flying this route crashed in the New Orleans suburb of Kenner after being forced down by a microburst shortly after takeoff. All 145 on board and 8 people on the ground were killed. The crash had the highest number of aviation fatalities in 1982. The aircraft involved, a 14-year-old Boeing 727-235, registration N4737, construction number 19457/518, was delivered to National Airlines on 31

title: Pan Am Flight 103

text: payment by Libya of the final $2 million compensation (out of a total of $10 million) that was due to each family. In 1992, a US federal court found Pan Am guilty of willful misconduct due to lax security screening. Alert Management Inc. and Pan American World Services, two subsidiaries of Pan Am, were also found guilty; Alert handled Pan Am's security at foreign airports. There are several private and public memorials to the PA103 victims. "Dark Elegy" is the work of sculptor Susan Lowenstein of Long Island, whose son Alexander, then 21, was a passenger on the flight. The

title: Pan American World Airways

text: Pan Am's third daily scheduled transatlantic flight from London Heathrow Airport to New York John F. Kennedy Airport. On December 21, 1988 the aircraft flying this route, a Boeing 747–121 (N739PA) named "Clipper Maid of the Seas", was blown up and crashed on Lockerbie in Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland, when approximately of plastic explosive was detonated in its forward cargo hold, triggering a sequence of events that led to the rapid destruction of the aircraft. The aircraft that crashed was the 15th 747 built and was delivered to Pan Am in February 1970. A total of 270 people lost their