query: What is the longest word in the English language?

title: Longest word in English

text: major English language dictionaries is "pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis", a word that refers to a lung disease contracted from the inhalation of very fine silica particles, specifically from a volcano; medically, it is the same as silicosis. The word was deliberately coined to be the longest word in English, and has since been used in a close approximation of its originally intended meaning, lending at least some degree of validity to its claim. The "Oxford English Dictionary" contains "pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism" (30 letters). "Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary" does not contain "antidisestablishmentarianism" (28 letters), as the editors found no widespread, sustained usage of the word in its

title: Longest word in English

text: original meaning. The longest word in that dictionary is "electroencephalographically" (27 letters). The longest non-technical word in major dictionaries is "floccinaucinihilipilification" at 29 letters. Consisting of a series of Latin words meaning "nothing" and defined as "the act of estimating something as worthless"; its usage has been recorded as far back as 1741. Ross Eckler has noted that most of the longest English words are not likely to occur in general text, meaning non-technical present-day text seen by casual readers, in which the author did not specifically intend to use an unusually long word. According to Eckler, the longest words

title: Longest words

text: has been certified by the Dutch Language Union (the official Dutch language institute) and is included in many open-source applications, contains the following longest words, which are 40 letters long: The word often said to be the longest in Dutch – probably because of its funny meaning and alliteration – which has also appeared in print, is " ("construction ground for the Hottentot soldiers' tents exhibition"); counting 53 letters. The 45-letter word pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis is the longest English word that appears in a major dictionary. Antidisestablishmentarianism, at 28 letters, is the longest non-coined, non-systematic English word in Oxford Dictionaries. It refers

title: Antidisestablishmentarianism (word)

text: Antidisestablishmentarianism (word) The English word antidisestablishmentarianism (, ) is notable for its unusual length of 28 letters and 12 syllables, and is one of the longest words in the English language. It has been cited as the longest word in the English language (excluding coined and technical terms), although some sources say that it is not used enough to carry that title. The longest word found in a major dictionary is "pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis", but this is a technical term that was coined specifically to be the longest word. The word became known in the public realm in the United States via

title: Longest words

text: to a 19th-century political movement that opposed the disestablishment of the Church of England as the state church of England. Floccinaucinihilipilification, at 29 letters and meaning the act of estimating something as being worth so little as to be practically valueless, or the habit of doing so, is the longest non-technical, coined word in Oxford Dictionaries of the English language. The longest official Esperanto roots are 12 letters long, shown here with the added substantive "-o" ending: Since Esperanto allows word compounding, there are no limits on how long a word can theoretically become. A relatively short example is the

title: Longest word in English

text: Longest word in English The identity of the longest word in English depends upon the definition of what constitutes a word in the English language, as well as how length should be compared. In addition to words derived naturally from the language's roots (without any known intentional invention), English allows new words to be formed by coinage and construction; place names may be considered words; technical terms may be arbitrarily long. Length may be understood in terms of orthography and number of written letters, or (less commonly) phonology and the number of phonemes. The longest word in any of the

title: Longest word in English

text: the spa waters at Bath, England, is attributed to Dr. Edward Strother (1675–1737). The word is composed of the following elements: The longest officially recognized place name in an English-speaking country is "Taumatawhakatangihangakoauauotamateapokaiwhenuakitanatahu" (57 letters), which is a hill in New Zealand. The name is in the Māori language. A longer and widely recognised version of the name is Taumatawhakatangihangakoauauotamateaturipukakapikimaungahoronukupokaiwhenuakitanatahu (85 letters), which appears on the signpost at the location (see the photo on this page). In Māori, the digraphs "ng" and "wh" are each treated as single letters. In Canada, the longest place name is "Dysart, Dudley, Harcourt, Guilford,

title: Longest word in English

text: is also known as Webster Lake. The longest hyphenated names in the U.S. are "Winchester-on-the-Severn", a town in Maryland, and "Washington-on-the-Brazos", a notable place in Texas history. The longest official geographical name in Australia is Mamungkukumpurangkuntjunya. It has 26 letters and is a Pitjantjatjara word meaning "where the Devil urinates". In Ireland, the longest English placename at 19 letters is Newtownmountkennedy in County Wicklow. "Guinness World Records" formerly contained a category for longest personal name used. Long birth names are often coined in protest of naming laws or for other personal reasons. Longest word in English The identity of the

title: Longest word in English

text: Sylvia Plath made mention of it in her semi-autobiographical novel "The Bell Jar", when the protagonist was reading "Finnegans Wake". "Supercalifragilisticexpialidocious", the 34-letter title of a song from the movie "Mary Poppins", does appear in several dictionaries, but only as a proper noun defined in reference to the song title. The attributed meaning is "a word that you say when you don't know what to say." The idea and invention of the word is credited to songwriters Robert and Richard Sherman. The English language permits the legitimate extension of existing words to serve new purposes by the addition of prefixes

title: Longest word in English

text: likely to be encountered in general text are "deinstitutionalization" and "counterrevolutionaries", with 22 letters each. A computer study of over a million samples of normal English prose found that the longest word one is likely to encounter on an everyday basis is "uncharacteristically", at 20 letters. The word "internationalization" is abbreviated "i18n", the embedded number representing the number of letters between the first and the last. In his play "Assemblywomen" ("Ecclesiazousae"), the ancient Greek comedic playwright Aristophanes created a word of 171 letters (183 in the transliteration below), which describes a dish by stringing together its ingredients: Henry Carey's farce

title: Longest word in Turkish

text: Longest word in Turkish As an agglutinative language, Turkish allows the construction of words by adding many suffixes to a word stem. The longest word in the Turkish language used in a text is ""muvaffakiyetsizleştiricileştiriveremeyebileceklerimizdenmişsinizcesine"" which has 70 letters. It is derived from the noun ""muvaffakiyet"" (success) and means "As though you are from those whom we may not be able to easily make into a maker of unsuccessful ones". It was used in a contrived story designed to use this word. Not considering suffixes, the longest Turkish dictionary words have 20 letters: These are "kuyruksallayangiller" (the biological genus Motacillidae),

title: Longest word in French

text: Longest word in French This article lists some of the longest words in the French language. The longest word listed below, "hippopotomonstrosesquippedaliophobie" (36 letters) is the fear (or phobia) of long words. The word is formed from the Latin word "sesquipedalia" (singular "sesquipedalis"), which the Ancient Roman poet Horace used in "Ars Poetica" to describe excessively long words; literally, it means "a foot-and-a-half long". The length of the word "hippopotomonstrosesquippedaliophobie" is embellished with the prefix "hippopotomonstro" ("monster hippopotamus"), which is a characterisation of the feared words. Like the other phobias in the list, "hippopotomonstrosesquippedaliophobie" can be pluralised by adding the

title: Longest word in French

text: letter "s" to the end. The adjective "interdépartemental" (18 letters), which also appears in the list, can be pluralised by appending the letters "es". Longest word in French This article lists some of the longest words in the French language. The longest word listed below, "hippopotomonstrosesquippedaliophobie" (36 letters) is the fear (or phobia) of long words. The word is formed from the Latin word "sesquipedalia" (singular "sesquipedalis"), which the Ancient Roman poet Horace used in "Ars Poetica" to describe excessively long words; literally, it means "a foot-and-a-half long". The length of the word "hippopotomonstrosesquippedaliophobie" is embellished with the prefix "hippopotomonstro"

title: Longest word in English

text: Harburn, Bruton, Havelock, Eyre and Clyde", a township in Ontario, at 61 letters or 68 non-space characters. The longest non-contrived place name in the United Kingdom which is a single non-hyphenated word is Cottonshopeburnfoot (19 letters) and the longest which is hyphenated is Sutton-under-Whitestonecliffe (29 characters). The longest place name in the United States (45 letters) is "Chargoggagoggmanchauggagoggchaubunagungamaugg", a lake in Webster, Massachusetts. It means "Fishing Place at the Boundaries – Neutral Meeting Grounds" and is sometimes facetiously translated as "you fish your side of the water, I fish my side of the water, nobody fishes the middle". The lake

title: Longest word in Spanish

text: Longest word in Spanish This article describes some of the longest words in the Spanish language. "Esternocleidooccipitomastoideos" (31-letters) is the plural of the noun "esternocleidooccipitomastoideo", which is the sternocleidomastoid, a muscle in the human neck. The word has a 22-letter synonym: "esternocleidomastoideo", which is shorter because it omits the Latin prefix "occipito-" (occipital). Both words are abbreviated as "ECOM". The 24-letter word "electroencefalografistas", plural of "electroencefalografista", means "electroencephalographists" or "electroencephalographers": specialists in the brain measurement technology of electroencephalography (EEG). The 23-letter adverb "anticonstitucionalmente" means "anticonstitutionally". "Anticonstitucionalmente" is also the Portuguese translation; the French translation, "anticonstitutionnellement", is an exceptionally long word

title: Longest word in Spanish

text: as well (25 letters). In the table below, all of the Spanish nouns except for "arteriosclerosis" can be pluralised by adding an "s" to the end. The adjective "otorrinolaringológico" can also be pluralised with an "s"; the plurals of the other adjectives end in "es". The "RAE" column indicates whether the Real Academia Española lists and defines the word in the "Diccionario de la lengua española", its official dictionary. Longest word in Spanish This article describes some of the longest words in the Spanish language. "Esternocleidooccipitomastoideos" (31-letters) is the plural of the noun "esternocleidooccipitomastoideo", which is the sternocleidomastoid, a muscle

title: Longest word in English

text: In musical notation, a 8192nd note may be called a "semihemidemisemihemidemisemihemidemisemiquaver". "Antidisestablishmentarianism" is the longest common example of a word formed by agglutinative construction. A number of scientific naming schemes can be used to generate arbitrarily long words. The IUPAC nomenclature for organic chemical compounds is open-ended, giving rise to the 189,819-letter chemical name "Methionylthreonylthreonyl...isoleucine" for the protein also known as titin, which is involved in striated muscle formation. In nature, DNA molecules can be much bigger than protein molecules and therefore potentially be referred to with much longer chemical names. For example, the wheat chromosome 3B contains almost 1

title: Longest word in English

text: billion base pairs, so the sequence of one of its strands, if written out in full like "Adenilyladenilylguanilylcystidylthymidyl...", would be about 8 billion letters long. The longest published word, "Acetylseryltyrosylseryliso...serine", referring to the coat protein of a certain strain of tobacco mosaic virus, was 1,185 letters long, and appeared in the American Chemical Society's Chemical Abstracts Service in 1964 and 1966. In 1965, the Chemical Abstracts Service overhauled its naming system and started discouraging excessively long names. John Horton Conway and Landon Curt Noll developed an open-ended system for naming powers of 10, in which one ', coming from the

title: Longest English sentence

text: sentences without punctuation. Jonathan Coe's "The Rotters' Club" appears to hold the record at 13,955 words. It was inspired by Bohumil Hrabal's "Dancing Lessons for the Advanced in Age": a Czech language novel written in one long sentence. Longest English sentence There have been several claims for the longest sentence in the English language, usually with claims that revolve around the longest "printed" sentence, because there is no limit on the possible length of a written English sentence. At least one linguistics textbook concludes that, in theory, "there is no longest English sentence." A sentence can be made arbitrarily long

title: Longest words

text: a single word due to the spaces. In proper nouns, many Korean monarchs have long posthumous names built from many different Sino-Korean nouns describing their positive characteristics, for example Sunjo of Joseon, whose full posthumous name is the 77-syllable-block (). The longest Lithuanian word is 40 letters long: The Māori-language 85-letter place name " is the longest place name in English-speaking countries and second longest in the world, according to "Wises New Zealand Guide" and "The New Zealand Herald". Mongolian is an agglutinative language. Words can get longer by adding suffixes. So, the longest suffixed word in Mongolian is ""

title: Antidisestablishmentarianism (word)

text: Scotland, which had and still has its own separate national church. The word construction is as follows (the numbers succeeding the word refer to the number of letters in the word): Antidisestablishmentarianism (word) The English word antidisestablishmentarianism (, ) is notable for its unusual length of 28 letters and 12 syllables, and is one of the longest words in the English language. It has been cited as the longest word in the English language (excluding coined and technical terms), although some sources say that it is not used enough to carry that title. The longest word found in a major

title: Longest word in Turkish

text: A slight modification ""Çekoslovakyalılaştıramadıklarımızdanmışsınız"" (43 letters) (you are reportedly one of those that we could not make Czechoslovakian) is however even longer and containing no question particle, is written contiguously. After the dissolution of Czechoslovakia, ""Afyonkarahisarlılaştırabildiklerimizdenmişsinizcesine"" (53 letters) was often said to be the longest word in Turkish. It means "As if you are one of the people that we made to be originating from Afyonkarahisar". After publication of longer words in popular media, it lost its popularity. The word ""Muvaffakiyetsizleştiricileştiriveremeyebileceklerimizdenmişsinizcesine"" (70 letters) was proposed by Koksal Karakus as the longest word in Turkish. Its use is illustrated by the

title: Longest English sentence

text: Longest English sentence There have been several claims for the longest sentence in the English language, usually with claims that revolve around the longest "printed" sentence, because there is no limit on the possible length of a written English sentence. At least one linguistics textbook concludes that, in theory, "there is no longest English sentence." A sentence can be made arbitrarily long by successive iterations, such as "Someone thinks that someone thinks that someone thinks that...," or by combining shorter clauses in various ways. For example, sentences can be extended by recursively embedding clauses one into another, such as The

title: Longest word in English

text: Latin name for 6560, is the name for 10 = 10. Under the long number scale, it would be 10 = 10. Jonathan Bowers has developed a system for even larger numbers (' for formula_1). "Gammaracanthuskytodermogammarus loricatobaicalensis" is sometimes cited as the longest binomial name—it is a kind of amphipod. However, this name, proposed by B. Dybowski, was invalidated by the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature in 1929 after being petitioned by Mary J. Rathbun to take up the case. "Parastratiosphecomyia stratiosphecomyioides" is the longest accepted binomial name. It is a species of soldier fly. "Aequeosalinocalcalinoceraceoaluminosocupreovitriolic", at 52 letters, describing

title: Longest word in Turkish

text: one of those teachers refuses to be maker of unsuccessful ones, in other words, to be made a maker of unsuccessful ones; he talks about and criticizes the school's stand on the issue. The headmaster who thinks every teacher can be made easily/quickly into a maker of unsuccessful ones gets angry. He invites the teacher to his room and says "You are talking as if you were one of those we can not easily/quickly turn into a maker of unsuccessful ones, right?" Longest word in Turkish As an agglutinative language, Turkish allows the construction of words by adding many suffixes

title: Longest words

text: (30 letters).. Other long words are: There is some disagreement about what is the longest word in the Korean language. The longest word appearing in the "Standard Korean Dictionary" published by the National Institute of the Korean Language is (); Revised Romanization: ", which is a kind of ceramic bowl from the Goryeo dynasty; that word is 17 syllable blocks long, and contains a total of 46 hangul letters. The term (), a phonetic transcription of "nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide", has a larger number of syllable blocks (19) but a smaller number of letters (41), and also might not qualify as

title: Longest words

text: use in ordinary language. Afrikaans, as it is a daughter language of the Dutch language, is capable of forming compounds of potentially limitless length in the same way as in the Dutch language. According to the Total Book of South African Records, the longest word in the language is The longest Basque toponym is "" (39). The Bulgarian online etymological dictionary claims that longest word in Bulgarian to be the 39-letter-long ("), introduced in the Constitution of Bulgaria of 1947 (Dimitrov Constitution). The word means "do not perform actions against the constitution" (addressed to more than one person). The longest

title: Longest word in English

text: "Chrononhotonthologos" (1743) holds the opening line: "Aldiborontiphoscophornio! Where left you Chrononhotonthologos?" Thomas Love Peacock put these creations into the mouth of the phrenologist Mr. Cranium in his 1816 romp "Headlong Hall": "osteosarchaematosplanchnochondroneuromuelous" (44 characters) and "osseocarnisanguineoviscericartilaginonervomedullary" (51 characters). James Joyce made up nine 100-letter words plus one 101-letter word in his novel "Finnegans Wake", the most famous of which is Bababadalgharaghtakamminarronnkonnbronntonnerronntuonnthunntrovarrhounawnskawntoohoohoordenenthurnuk. Appearing on the first page, it allegedly represents the symbolic thunderclap associated with the fall of Adam and Eve. As it appears nowhere else except in reference to this passage, it is generally not accepted as a real word.

title: English language in Puerto Rico

text: for the English word/term to park, where it is said and pronounced as parquear, instead of the south american/caribbean-Spanish word for to park which is estacionar. Other examples of this are the English word pamphlet, said as panfleto instead of folleto, and the English word muffler, said as mofle instead of silenciador. In semantic borrowing, the meaning of a Spanish word is altered or changed because of its similarity to an English word. For example, the Spanish word romance means "language", however, it has been given the English meaning of the English word romance. The Spanish word for romance is

title: Longest words

text: other meat. The word is cited as the longest ancient Greek word ever written. A modern Greek word of 22 letters is () (gen. (), 25 letters) meaning "electroencephalogram". ', with 44 letters is one example of a long word in the Hungarian language and means something like "for your [plural] continued behaviour as if you could not be desecrated". It is already morphed, since Hungarian is an agglutinative language. The language does not have a "longest word" due to its agglutinating nature. It is always possible to construct a longer one with enough creativity. For example, ' (119 letters),

title: English language in England

text: English language in England The English language spoken and written in England encompasses a diverse range of accents and dialects. The dialect forms part of the broader British English, along with other varieties in the United Kingdom. Terms used to refer to the English language spoken and written in England include: English English, Anglo-English and British English in England. The related term 'British English' (which in American English is often used to mean English English and Anglo-English) has many ambiguities and tensions in the word "British" and as a result can be used and interpreted multiple ways, but is usually

title: Longest word in English

text: and suffixes. This is sometimes referred to as agglutinative construction. This process can create arbitrarily long words: for example, the prefixes "pseudo" (false, spurious) and "anti" (against, opposed to) can be added as many times as desired. A word like "anti-aircraft" (pertaining to the defense against aircraft) is easily extended to "anti-anti-aircraft" (pertaining to counteracting the defense against aircraft, a legitimate concept) and can from there be prefixed with an endless stream of "anti-"s, each time creating a new level of counteraction. More familiarly, the addition of numerous "great"s to a relative, e.g. great-great-great-grandfather, can produce words of arbitrary length.

title: Longest word in Turkish

text: root. Otherwise it alternates between -DIr (D=d or t, I=ı,i,u or ü) and -t depending on the preceding letter. Multiple usage of this suffix is rare, but there is no theoretical reason to put a limit to its use. The tongue twister ""Çekoslovakyalılaştıramadıklarımızdan mısınız"" is often said to be the longest word in Turkish, despite in written form appearing to be two separate words. This is because the question particle "mi" is by convention separated from the verb, despite being considered part of it. It means ""Are you one of those people whom we could not make to be Czechoslovakian?""

title: Russian language in the United States

text: people aged 5 to 17 years among the Russian speaking population in the US, according to the 2010 Census <br> The first Russian-language newspaper in the United States, "Svoboda" ("Freedom"), was published in 1867–1871; it was known as the "Alaska Herald" in English. Dozens of short-lived Russian newspaper were published until 1940. "Russkaya Reklama" (Russian Advertisement) weekly, founded in 1993 in Brooklyn, New York, is the largest Russian-language newspaper in the US, with a circulation of over 100,000. It consists of yellow pages with classified ads. "Novoe russkoe slovo" (The New Russian Word), published since 1910, was the longest published

title: Politics and the English Language

text: Orwell's 'Politics and the English Language' and English Composition" set in motion a "wide variety of critiques, reconsiderations, and outright attacks against the plain style" that Orwell argues for. The main issue found was Orwell's "simplistic faith about thought and language existing in a dialectical relation with one another; others quickly cut to the chase by insisting that politics, rightly considered, meant the insertion of an undercutting "whose" before every value word the hegemony holds dear". These critics also began to question Orwell's argument for the absoluteness of the English language, and asked whose values and truths were being represented

title: Politics and the English Language

text: through the language. Orwell's writings on the English language have had a large impact on classrooms, journalism and other writing. George Trail, in "Teaching Argument and the Rhetoric of Orwell's 'Politics and the English Language'", says that "A large part of Orwell's rhetorical approach consists of attempting at every opportunity to acquire reader participation, to involve the reader as an active and engaged consumer of the essay. Popular journalism is full of what may be the inheritance of Orwell's reader involvement devices". Haltom and Ostrom's work, "Teaching George Orwell in Karl Rove's World: 'Politics and the English Language' in the

title: The Word Is Live

text: cover of a song by The Young Rascals, and "Go Through This" and "We Can Fly From Here" from the tour to support "Drama", but which were not released on that album. The latter would eventually be reworked and released thirty-one years later in the album "Fly from Here". The title is a pun on the lyric, "(and) the word is love", from their song "Time and a Word". "The Word Is Live" (Rhino R2 78234) failed to chart in the UK or US. The Word Is Live The Word is Live is a box set by the English progressive

title: Longest words

text: in language: The longest word in Spanish is "" (inflammation of the sternocleidomastoid muscle, 30 letters). Runners-up are "" ([proceeding in a manner that is] contrary to the constitution) and "" (specialists that do electrical scans on brains (electroencephalographists)), both 23 letters. The word "" is usually considered the longest word "in general use". This word can be made even longer by the addition of the absolute superlative suffix, rendering "anticonstitucionalísimamente" (i.e.: "very strongly against the constitution"). Some dictionaries (but not the RAE dictionary) removed its root word ("anticonstitucional") in 2005, causing comments about it not "being a valid word

title: English-language idioms

text: of its elements. English learners usually have a hard time understanding an idiom's real meaning without an idiomatic dictionary. English has thousands of idioms, most of which are informal. English-language idioms An idiom is a common word or phrase with a culturally understood meaning that differs from what its composite words' denotations would suggest. For example, an English speaker would understand the phrase ""kick the bucket"" to mean ""to die"" and also to actually kick a bucket. Furthermore, they would understand when each meaning is being used in context. An idiom is not to be confused with other figures of

title: Longest words

text: instances including in the last word below): Longest words The longest word in any given language depends on the word formation rules of each specific language, and on the types of words allowed for consideration. Agglutinative languages allow for the creation of long words via compounding. Words consisting of hundreds, or even thousands of characters have been coined. Even non-agglutinative languages may allow word formation of theoretically limitless length in certain contexts. An example common to many languages in the term for a very remote ancestor, "great-great-...-grandfather", where the prefix "great-" may be repeated any number of times. Systematic names

title: Longest words

text: to his room and says "You are talking as if you were one of those we can not easily/quickly turn into a maker of unsuccessful ones, right?" Other well-known very long Turkish words are: Vietnamese is an isolating language, which naturally limits the length of a morpheme. The longest, at seven letters, is , which means "inclined" or "to lean". This is the longest word that can be written without a space. However, not all words in Vietnamese are single morphemes. Indeed, can be reduplicated as . The written language abounds with compound words in which each constituent word is

title: The Memorandum

text: into smaller clusters of letters called "subwords", which nonetheless have no meaning outside of the word they belong to and are not interchangeable. Length of words, like everything else in Ptydepe, is determined scientifically. The vocabulary of Ptydepe uses entropy encoding: shorter words have more common meanings. Therefore, the shortest word in Ptydepe, "gh", corresponds to what is so far known to be the most general term in natural language, "whatever". (The longest word in Ptydepe, which contains 319 letters, is the word for "wombat" in an English translation. However in the Czech original it is a name for a

title: Longest words

text: which means: "About your investigations of the upgradeability of the manifestation of the syndrome of the neurosis about the need to decide which is the world record of the most complex longest word." The longest dictionary form word is the word in use (although it is constructed from the word: "szent" meaning: "saint"), "", with 25 characters, and means "something that cannot be desecrated". Icelandic has the ability to form compounds of arbitrary length by stringing together genitives (), so no single words of maximal length exist in the language. However, and are sometimes cited as particularly long words; the

title: The Imperial Dictionary of the English Language

text: The Imperial Dictionary of the English Language The Imperial Dictionary of the English Language: "A Complete Encyclopedic Lexicon, Literary, Scientific, and Technological", edited by Rev. John Ogilvie (1797–1867), was an expansion of the 1841 second edition of Noah Webster's "American Dictionary". It was published by W. G. Blackie and Co. of Scotland, 1847–1850 in two large volumes. With the addition of a third supplement volume in 1855, Ogilvie increased Webster's 70,000 word coverage to over 100,000. He included words from science, technology, and the arts; much British usage omitted by Webster; an unusual number of provincial and Scottish words; and

title: Longest words

text: Longest words The longest word in any given language depends on the word formation rules of each specific language, and on the types of words allowed for consideration. Agglutinative languages allow for the creation of long words via compounding. Words consisting of hundreds, or even thousands of characters have been coined. Even non-agglutinative languages may allow word formation of theoretically limitless length in certain contexts. An example common to many languages in the term for a very remote ancestor, "great-great-...-grandfather", where the prefix "great-" may be repeated any number of times. Systematic names of chemical compounds can run to hundreds

title: Word of the year

text: limited to the English-language-based media), as well as new social media sources as they emerge. This is the 18th annual analysis by the Global Language Monitor and the only analysis that encompasses the whole of Global English. On December 7, 2017. GLM announced Truth as the Top Word, Xi Jingping as the Top Name, and Weinstein Effect and #MeToo as the Top Phrases for global English for 2017. Words: Also worth noting: 'embedded' (2003), to embed reporters with US troops. Phrases: Since 2004, Susie Dent, an English lexicographer has published a column, "A Word a Year", in which she chooses

title: Foreign language influences in English

text: Foreign language influences in English The core of English language descends from Old English, the language brought with the Angles, Saxon, and Jutish settlers to what was to be called England in and after the 500s. The bulk of the language in spoken and written texts is from this source. As a statistical rule, around 70 percent of words in any text are Anglo-Saxon. Moreover, the grammar is largely Anglo-Saxon. A significant portion of the English vocabulary comes from Romance and Latinate sources. Estimates of native words (derived from Old English) range from 20%–33%, with the rest made up of

title: Word list of the Dutch language

text: Word list of the Dutch language The Word list of the Dutch language (, ) is a list of words in the correct official spelling of the Dutch language (Dutch orthography). It is officially established by the Dutch Language Union (), and is published in dictionary style. Because of the colour of its published form, it is better known as the Green Booklet (). It differs from a dictionary in that it does not give the meanings of the words, but rather their preferred spelling. The Green Booklet is published by Sdu in the Netherlands and Lannoo in Flanders. It

title: Word list of the Dutch language

text: will use the Yellow Book. Word list of the Dutch language The Word list of the Dutch language (, ) is a list of words in the correct official spelling of the Dutch language (Dutch orthography). It is officially established by the Dutch Language Union (), and is published in dictionary style. Because of the colour of its published form, it is better known as the Green Booklet (). It differs from a dictionary in that it does not give the meanings of the words, but rather their preferred spelling. The Green Booklet is published by Sdu in the Netherlands

title: Longest words

text: postfixes to the original root: The word is never used in every-day language, but in jokes. Nevertheless, it is an official part of Italian language; it was coined in 1677 by poet Francesco Moneti: The word technically violates Italian grammar rules, the correct form being "precipitevolissimamente", which is three letters and one syllable shorter. The poet coined the new word to have 11 syllables in the second verse. Other words can be created with a similar (and grammatically correct) mechanism starting from a longer root, winding up with a longer word. Some examples are: The longest accepted neologism is "

title: Longest words

text: anymore" and suggesting the use of "inconstitucional" as a replacement. ' (28 letters) is the longest word in Svenska Akademiens Ordlista. It means "capital gains taxation", and is usually shortened to ' (same meaning). However, Swedish grammar makes it possible to create arbitrarily long words. One such word is " (94 letters) which means: "[belonging to] The manager of the depot for the supply of uniforms to the personnel of the track cleaners' union of the tramway company". Tagalog—an agglutinative language—can make long words by adding on affixes, suffixes, and other root words with a connector. The longest published word

title: English-language idioms

text: English-language idioms An idiom is a common word or phrase with a culturally understood meaning that differs from what its composite words' denotations would suggest. For example, an English speaker would understand the phrase ""kick the bucket"" to mean ""to die"" and also to actually kick a bucket. Furthermore, they would understand when each meaning is being used in context. An idiom is not to be confused with other figures of speech such as a metaphor, which invokes an image by use of implicit comparisons ("e.g.", ""the man of steel"" ); a simile, which invokes an image by use of

title: The Word for World Is Forest

text: Word for World Is Forest" portrays a communication gap that the protagonists are never able to bridge. Both the native Athsheans and the loggers have languages that reflect their perceptions of reality, but they are unable to find a common language. In the native Athshean language, the word ""Athshe"" means both "forest" and "world", demonstrating the close link that the Athsheans have to the forest and their planet. It is noted by Lyubov that the Athsheans believe "the substance of their world was not earth, but forest". The language used by the Athsheans during conversations similarly show their interconnectedness and

title: Foreign language influences in English

text: using "begin" instead of "commence"). In its more extreme form, it involves reviving native words that are no longer widely used (such as "ettle" for "intend") and/or coining new words from Germanic roots (such as word stock for vocabulary). This dates at least to the inkhorn term debate of the 16th and 17th century, where some authors rejected the foreign influence, and has continued to this day, being most prominent in Plain English advocacy to avoid Latinate terms if a simple native alternative exists. Foreign language influences in English The core of English language descends from Old English, the language

title: Longest words

text: in the language is “pinakanakakapagngitngitngitngitang-pagsisinungasinungalingan,” with 59 letters. This compound word means “to keep making up a lie that causes the most extreme anger while pretending you are not.” Turkish, as an agglutinative language, carries the potential for words of arbitrary length. ", at 70 letters, has been cited as the longest Turkish word. It was used in a contrived story designed to use this word. The word means "As if you would be from those we can not easily/quickly make a maker of unsuccessful ones" and its usage was illustrated as follows: " ' ' ' ' ' "'

title: The Word Is Live

text: The Word Is Live The Word is Live is a box set by the English progressive rock band Yes, released in August 2005 by Rhino Records. A triple album, the set is compiled of live recordings from radio broadcasts and concert tours between 1970 and 1988, mostly from guitarist Steve Howe's tape collection. Many of the tracks were originally broadcast on radio shows and have been bootlegged extensively. In these, it is often the case that the radio show's final mix was the only mix available so few improvements in quality could be done for the release. While a few

title: English-language Scrabble

text: Japan. English-language Scrabble English-language Scrabble is the original version of the popular word-based board game invented in 1938 by US architect Alfred Mosher Butts who based the game on the letter distribution in "The New York Times" in English. The Scrabble variant most popular in English is standard match play, where two players compete over a series of games. Duplicate Scrabble is not popular in English, and High score Scrabble is no longer practised. Although English is a worldwide language, the official list of allowable words and some tournament rules change between territories. The main Scrabble associations in North America

title: English-language Scrabble

text: English-language Scrabble English-language Scrabble is the original version of the popular word-based board game invented in 1938 by US architect Alfred Mosher Butts who based the game on the letter distribution in "The New York Times" in English. The Scrabble variant most popular in English is standard match play, where two players compete over a series of games. Duplicate Scrabble is not popular in English, and High score Scrabble is no longer practised. Although English is a worldwide language, the official list of allowable words and some tournament rules change between territories. The main Scrabble associations in North America are

title: The Word for World Is Forest

text: dependence on their ecosystem through the use of forest related metaphors. Similarly, the Athshean word for "dream" is the same as the word for "root". Athsheans have learned to exert some conscious control over their dreams, and their actions are dictated by both their dream experiences and their conscious non-dreaming thoughts. Thus their dreaming makes them rooted, something which is demonstrated through their use of language. The Athshean word for "god" is the same as the word for "translator", representing this role that "gods have" in their society, which is to interpret and translate their dreams into actions. "The Word

title: English language in Europe

text: English speaker, as English absorbed a tremendous amount of vocabulary from the Norman language after the Norman conquest and from French in later centuries; as a result, a substantial proportion of English vocabulary is very close to the French, with some slight spelling differences (word endings, use of old French spellings, etc.) and some occasional lapses in meaning. In 1282 Edward I of England defeated Llywelyn ap Gruffudd, Wales's last independent prince, in battle. Edward followed the practice used by his Norman predecessors in their subjugation of the English, and constructed a series of great stone castles in order to

title: English-language spelling reform

text: are related in their orthography, but that are not semantically related at all. These words would be respelled differently and remove the ambiguity in such words as "are" and "area", "rein" and "reinvent", "river" and "rival", "ampersand" and "ampere", "caterpillar" and "cater", "ready" and "readjust", "man" and "many", "now" and "nowhere", etc. False-positives are bound to occur no matter what system is used. English is a West Germanic language that has borrowed many words from non-Germanic languages, and the spelling of a word often reflects its origin. This sometimes gives a clue as to the meaning of the word. Even

title: The Clear Word

text: letter expressing concerns about "The Clear Word" (June 28, 1994), stating that "A cursory examination of the Clear Word Bible reveals the prolific addition of many ideas not found in Scripture." Others within the church, such as Phil Ward, have expressed criticism in two areas. One that the current publisher does not have a large enough footprint to get "The Clear Word" out to mainstream Christian book centers, and that the paraphrase has too much extra material in it. The Clear Word The Clear Word, originally published in March 1994 as the "Clear Word Bible", is an English-language "devotional paraphrase

title: Longest words

text: of thousands of characters in length. The rules of creation of such names are commonly defined by international bodies, therefore they formally belong to many languages. The longest recognized systematic name is for the protein titin, at 189,819 letters. While lexicographers regard generic names of chemical compounds as "verbal formulae" rather than words, for its sheer length the systematic name for titin is often included in longest-word lists. Longest word candidates may be judged by their acceptance in major dictionaries such as the "Oxford English Dictionary" or in record-keeping publications like "Guinness World Records", and by the frequency of their

title: Word

text: the English alphabet. The difficulty of deciphering a word depends on the language. Dictionaries categorize a language's lexicon (i.e., its vocabulary) into lemmas. These can be taken as an indication of what constitutes a "word" in the opinion of the writers of that language. The most appropriate means of measuring the length of a word is by counting its syllables or morphemes. When a word has multiple definitions or multiple senses, it may result in confusion in a debate or discussion. Leonard Bloomfield introduced the concept of "Minimal Free Forms" in 1926. Words are thought of as the smallest meaningful

title: What Is History?

text: and were instead products of their own places and times, which in turn decided what "facts of the past" they determined into "facts of history". British historian Richard J. Evans said "What Is History?" caused a revolution in British historiography in the 1960s. Australian historian Keith Windschuttle, a critic of Carr, said "What Is History?" is one of the most influential books written about historiography, and that very few historians working in the English language since the 1960s had not read it. What Is History? What Is History? is a study that was written by the English historian E. H.

title: English language

text: three , and in Canadian English, they merge to two . In addition, the words that have each vowel vary by dialect. The table "Dialects and open vowels" shows this variation with lexical sets in which these sounds occur. As is typical of an Indo-European language, English follows accusative morphosyntactic alignment. Unlike other Indo-European languages though, English has largely abandoned the inflectional case system in favor of analytic constructions. Only the personal pronouns retain morphological case more strongly than any other word class. English distinguishes at least seven major word classes: verbs, nouns, adjectives, adverbs, determiners (including articles), prepositions, and

title: In What Language?

text: In What Language? In What Language? is a studio album by American jazz pianist Vijay Iyer recorded with hip-hop artist Mike Ladd. The album was released on via Pi Recordings label. Joe Tangari of "Piitchfork" mentioned "What might make "In What Language?" truly important, though, is that it's focused intently on probing social issues in meaningful ways. We've all spent time lately lamenting the fact that modern music is so apolitical, and this is a good start for an antidote. If it takes a poet and a jazz pianist to expose some truth in an age where the American dream

title: In What Language?

text: eyes, our bodies, our hearts, our minds." In What Language? In What Language? is a studio album by American jazz pianist Vijay Iyer recorded with hip-hop artist Mike Ladd. The album was released on via Pi Recordings label. Joe Tangari of "Piitchfork" mentioned "What might make "In What Language?" truly important, though, is that it's focused intently on probing social issues in meaningful ways. We've all spent time lately lamenting the fact that modern music is so apolitical, and this is a good start for an antidote. If it takes a poet and a jazz pianist to expose some truth

title: Longest words

text: spoken language, although they are not nonsense words. It is possible to make even longer words in this way, for example: " (176 letters, meaning "of 999,999,999,999 years old"). One of the longest common words is 31-letter ' – the dative singular form of "ninety-and-some years old one". Another common long word is ' (23 letters), "a 50 groszy coin". Theoretically, it is possible to create Russian words of unlimited length, for example: (", great great great...grandfather). Most likely one of the longest, originally Russian words is ('), which contains 35 letters. "[It] is an adjective in the bureaucratic language

title: Longest English sentence

text: ability to embed structures within larger ones is called recursion. This also highlights the difference between linguistic performance and linguistic competence, because the language can support more variation than can reasonably be created or recorded. One of the longest sentences in literature is contained in William Faulkner's "Absalom, Absalom!" (1936). The sentence is composed of 1,288 words (In the 1951 Random House version). Another sentence that is often claimed to be the longest sentence ever written is Molly Bloom's soliloquy in the James Joyce novel "Ulysses" (1922), which contains a sentence of 3,687 words. However, this sentence is simply many

title: English as a Second Language Podcast

text: English as a Second Language Podcast English as a Second Language (ESL) Podcast is a web-based English language-learning podcast. It is the first and longest-running English language learning podcast on the Internet. It was launched in July 2005 by two former university professors, Dr. Jeff McQuillan and Dr. Lucy Tse of the Center for Educational Development in Los Angeles, California. ESL Podcast produces four main services: free audio lessons, supplementary Learning Guides, a blog on American culture and English learning, and specialty courses. The purpose of English as a Second Language Podcast is to teach English by using everyday phrases

title: English language

text: to determine in which language a neologism originated. For this reason, lexicographer Philip Gove attributed many such words to the "international scientific vocabulary" (ISV) when compiling "Webster's Third New International Dictionary" (1961). Another active word-formation process in English is acronyms, words formed by pronouncing as a single word abbreviations of longer phrases (e.g. "NATO", "laser"). English, besides forming new words from existing words and their roots, also borrows words from other languages. This adoption of words from other languages is commonplace in many world languages, but English has been especially open to borrowing of foreign words throughout the last 1,000

title: English language

text: For example, in the phrase "the woman walked quickly" the adverb "quickly" derived from the adjective "quick" describes the woman's way of walking. Some commonly used adjectives have irregular adverbial forms, such as "good" which has the adverbial form "well". Modern English syntax language is moderately analytic. It has developed features such as modal verbs and word order as resources for conveying meaning. Auxiliary verbs mark constructions such as questions, negative polarity, the passive voice and progressive aspect. English word order has moved from the Germanic verb-second (V2) word order to being almost exclusively subject–verb–object (SVO). The combination of SVO

title: Word list of the Dutch language

text: and not known by people in The Netherlands. However, those words are so commonly used in Flanders, most people are not aware these are not official. Many of those words are even used in newspapers, magazines, and television. On 31 January 2015 De Standaard and some language professionals published the Yellow Book. In this book a word is printed in black or in grey. A black word is a non-official word, but De Standaard will allow it in their newspapers. A grey word is a non-official word which may not be used. It is the intention that other Flemish media

title: Word of the year

text: the Word of the year poll is carried out since 2007. In Ukraine, the Word of the year poll is carried out since 2013. Word of the year The word(s) of the year, sometimes capitalized as "Word(s) of the Year" and abbreviated "WOTY" (or "WotY"), refers to any of various assessments as to the most important word(s) or expression(s) in the public sphere during a specific year. The German tradition, "Wort des Jahres" was started in 1971. The American Dialect Society's Word of the Year is the oldest English-language version, and the only one that is announced after the end

title: In What Language?

text: is being able to watch TV and play video games at the same time, so be it. We can only hope it inspires real discourse and real thought." Lyn Horton of All About Jazz noted "A concrete lesson seems to emanate from "In What Language?" and it is this: that no matter what language distinguishes the nature of the present global geo-political culture, the language spoken has a clear and consistent meaning borne in its content. The language transcends any dialect. And if we are determined enough, within our commonly shared humanity, we can speak the same language. In our

title: English as a Second Language Podcast

text: States, Latin America, Asia, and Europe. iTunes Japan named ESL Podcast one of the Best 20 podcasts in Japan in 2007. ESL Podcast has consistently been ranked the number one English language learning podcast in iTunes since its launch in 2005, and among the Top 20 podcasts for all categories in several European, Asian, and Latin American countries with a dedicated iTunes Store in 2011. English as a Second Language Podcast English as a Second Language (ESL) Podcast is a web-based English language-learning podcast. It is the first and longest-running English language learning podcast on the Internet. It was launched

title: The Clear Word

text: The Clear Word The Clear Word, originally published in March 1994 as the "Clear Word Bible", is an English-language "devotional paraphrase of the Bible expanded for clarity". It is an interpretive text of the Bible written as a personal devotional exercise by Jack Blanco, former dean of the School of Religion at Southern Adventist University, to be an additional study tool and devotional alongside the Bible. Major portions of the translation are material added by the author. It is printed in chapter-and-verse format, two columns to a page. The free paraphrase was initially printed at the school by the Southern

title: Foreign language influences in English

text: and their feminine equivalents. Nearly 40 percent of English words (in an 80,000 word dictionary) may be of French origin. Scientific and technical words, medical terminology, academic and legal terminology. Scientific and medical terminology (for instance -phobias and -ologies), Christian theological terminology. "Castle", "cauldron", "kennel", "catch", "cater" are among Norman words introduced into English. The Norman language also introduced (or reinforced) words of Norse origin such as "mug". There are many ways through which Dutch words have entered the English language: via trade and navigation, such as "skipper" (from "schipper"), "freebooter" (from "vrijbuiter"), "keelhauling" (from "kielhalen"); via painting, such as

title: The Word Exchange

text: erstwhile assistant editor, uncovers Synchronics’ plot to inflate prices on the Word Exchange by polluting the Dictionary with nefarious neologisms, and he barely escapes with his life. To contain the word flu contagion, nations are closing their borders to Americans, but Ana arrives in London just in time. From there, she is followed all the way to Oxford, captured, and imprisoned in silent quarantine for three days before finding her father under the protection of the Oxford English Dictionary. "The Word Exchange insists readers think critically about how digital media is controlled and how language could be usurped by technology."

title: Longest word in Turkish

text: "ademimerkeziyetçilik" (decentralization) and "elektroensefalografi" (electroencephalography). In comparison, the word "muvaffakiyet" has 12 letters, so it should be possible to use various other suffixes to make an even longer word from these ones. There is no principled grammatical reason for not being able to make a Turkish word indefinitely long, as there are suffixes that can act recursively on a word stem. In practice, however, such words would become unintelligible after a few cycles of recursion. Turkish grammar is highly agglutinative, enabling the construction of words by stringing various morphemes. It is theoretically possible for some words to be inflected an

title: Longest words

text: suffixes) Finnish word recognised by the Guinness Book of Records is (see also Agglutination#Extremes), based on the stem (reason, sanity), and it means: I wonder if – even with his/her quality of not having been made unsystematized In German, whole numbers (smaller than 1 million) can be expressed as single words, which makes (777,777) a 65 letter word. In combination with or, as an inflected noun, , all numbers can be written as one word. A 79 letter word, , was named the longest published word in the German language by the 1972 Guinness Book of World Records, but longer

title: The Word (song)

text: middle eight by himself. Samples from this song are also included on "Love" released in November 2006, in the track "Drive My Car/The Word/What You're Doing". John Lennon gave Yoko Ono the original sheets to the song just before their relationship began. Paul McCartney has played a medley version of "The Word"/"All You Need Is Love" on his On the Run Tour. The Word (song) "The Word" is a song by English rock group the Beatles, written by John Lennon and Paul McCartney and recorded with Lennon on lead vocals. It was first released on their 1965 album "Rubber Soul".

title: Word of the year

text: Word of the year The word(s) of the year, sometimes capitalized as "Word(s) of the Year" and abbreviated "WOTY" (or "WotY"), refers to any of various assessments as to the most important word(s) or expression(s) in the public sphere during a specific year. The German tradition, "Wort des Jahres" was started in 1971. The American Dialect Society's Word of the Year is the oldest English-language version, and the only one that is announced after the end of the calendar year, determined by a vote of independent linguists, and not tied to commercial interest. However, various other organizations also announce Words

title: A Dictionary of the English Language

text: 1846 he completed his "Universal and Critical Dictionary of the English Language". He defended Johnson's work, arguing that 'from the time of its publication, [it] has been, far more than any other, regarded as the standard for the language'." Notwithstanding the evolution of lexicography in America, "The "Dictionary" has also played its part in the law, especially in the United States. Legislators are much occupied with ascertaining 'first meanings', with trying to secure the literal sense of their predecessors' legislation ... Often it is a matter of historicizing language: to understand a law, you need to understand what its terminology

title: The Longest Voyage

text: it is "nearly unmatched" in science fiction for its "lyricism, compassion, subtlety, thoughtfulness, and above all the relish it takes in the bristling strangeness and wonder of the world". Steven H. Silver commented that what distinguishes "The Longest Voyage" from similar stories is that "Anderson provides strong motivation for both the explorers and the natives". The Longest Voyage "The Longest Voyage" is a science fiction short story by American writer Poul Anderson. It won the Hugo Award for Best Short Story in 1961. On a distant world the age of exploration is beginning. A party of daring explorers attempts to

title: North–South differences in the Korean language

text: used between the two coming from these different borrowings. Even when the same English word is borrowed, how this word is transliterated into Korean may differ between the North and the South, resulting in different words being adapted into the corresponding standard languages. For names of other nations and their places, the principle is to base the transliteration on the English word in the South and to base the transliteration on the word in the original language in the North. The other differences between the standard languages in the North and in the South are thought to be caused by

title: Spread the Word to End the Word

text: Spread the Word to End the Word Spread the Word to End the Word is a United States national campaign to encourage people to pledge to stop using the word "retard". End the "R" word advocates believe the use of the word “retard” in colloquial and everyday speech is hurtful and dehumanizing to individuals with special needs. According to R-word.org, "The R-word hurts because it is exclusive. It's offensive. It's derogatory." They advocate for the use of language that respects the dignity of people with mental disabilities. Advocates believe individuals with cognitive disabilities are capable of enjoying life’s experiences and

title: English-based creole language

text: English-based creole language An English-based creole language (often shortened to English creole) is a creole language derived from the English language, for which English is the "lexifier". Most English creoles were formed in British colonies, following the great expansion of British naval military power and trade in the 17th, 18th and 19th centuries. The main categories of English-based creoles are Atlantic (the Americas and Africa) and Pacific (Asia and Oceania). It is disputed to what extent the various English-based creoles of the world share a common origin. The "monogenesis hypothesis" posits that a single language, commonly called "proto–Pidgin English", spoken

title: The Word for World Is Forest

text: not only links the Athsheans to their environment, but gives primacy to the forest over the rest of the natural ecosystem. The Athsheans' clans are named after trees, and their highly decentralized social structure is constructed in a way that resembles their ecosystem. To the Athsheans, being a mentally healthy person is equivalent to being in touch with their roots, which are closely linked to their ecosystem. In contrast, the Terrans' behavior, such as rape and murder, is attributed to their leaving "their roots behind them". In the Athshean language the word for "forest" is also the word for "world",

title: History of the Cherokee language

text: Choctaw "Chi-luk-ik-bi," meaning "those who live in the cave country". The earliest Spanish rendering of Cherokee, from 1755, is "Tchalaquei". Another theory is that "Cherokee" derives from a Lower Creek word, "Cvlakke" ("chuh-log-gee"), meaning someone who speaks another language. In the Lower dialect of , which was traditionally spoken in what is now Georgia and South Carolina, the Cherokee called their language "jaragi," as the Eastern or lower dialect had a rolling "r" sound in place of the "l" sound used in the other dialects. This pronunciation may have served as a basis for the current English language name for

title: English language in Puerto Rico

text: amigo" or "Ha invitado cordialmente a su amigo." There is a phonological influence of American English on Puerto Rican Spanish, wherein syllable-final can be realized as , aside from , , and [l]; ""verso""' (verse) becomes , aside from , , or , ""invierno"" (winter) becomes , aside from , , or , and ""parlamento"" (parliament) becomes , aside from , , or []. In word-final position, will usually be; There is an important influence of Puerto Rican Spanish on the accent of American English. As with any other case of a non-native learning a language, many Puerto Ricans learn

title: Word of the year

text: a [big data], [data mining] statistical analysis of language usage in the worldwide print and electronic media, the Internet, and the blogosphere, as well as social media. Several linguists and lexicographers have charged that its mathematical methodologies (found below) are flawed. Methodology GLM's Word of the Year rankings are based upon actual word usage throughout the English-speaking world, which now approaches some 2.38 billion people, who use the language as a first, second, business language. To qualify for these lists, the words, names, and phrases must meet three criteria: 1) found globally, 2) have a minimum of 25,000 citations, and

title: History of the English language (education)

text: Pennsylvania and author of "A History of the English Language", who "justified" HEL by arguing that it teaches skills necessary for teachers of literature who often have students read older texts (Baugh cites Shakespeare throughout), including etymology (and the history of word changes), pronunciation and accentuation, and grammar and idiom. Many, though by no means all, scholars of education suggest the importance of HEL. Marcia Henry, taking the Orton-Gillingham approach for dyslexic children as a structural starting point, argues that teaching the subject aids students in decoding and spelling. In the field of English education, a field now often referred

title: English language

text: years. The most commonly used words in English are West Germanic. The words in English learned first by children as they learn to speak, particularly the grammatical words that dominate the word count of both spoken and written texts, are mainly the Germanic words inherited from the earliest periods of the development of Old English. But one of the consequences of long language contact between French and English in all stages of their development is that the vocabulary of English has a very high percentage of "Latinate" words (derived from French, especially, and also from Latin and other Romance languages).

title: Politics and the English Language

text: Politics and the English Language "Politics and the English Language" (1946) is an essay by George Orwell that criticised the "ugly and inaccurate" written English of his time and examines the connection between political orthodoxies and the debasement of language. The essay focuses on political language, which, according to Orwell, "is designed to make lies sound truthful and murder respectable, and to give an appearance of solidity to pure wind". Orwell believed that the language used was necessarily vague or meaningless because it was intended to hide the truth rather than express it. This unclear prose was a "contagion" which

title: Politics and the English Language

text: perfect language for a society of bad writers ... because it reduces the number of choices available to them". Shelden says that Newspeak first corrupts writers morally, then politically, "since it allows writers to cheat themselves and their readers with ready-made prose". Politics and the English Language "Politics and the English Language" (1946) is an essay by George Orwell that criticised the "ugly and inaccurate" written English of his time and examines the connection between political orthodoxies and the debasement of language. The essay focuses on political language, which, according to Orwell, "is designed to make lies sound truthful and

text: History of the English language (education) In English-language education, History of the English language (HEL) is a commonly required class for students in English studies and Education, though in the nineteenth and early twentieth century it was often required of all US college students. Since HEL is often the only linguistics class required of English majors and Education students, it usually includes a basic introduction to linguistic concepts and theories (on phonetics, dialects, language families, etc.) as well as the historical stages of English--Old English, Middle English, Early Modern English, and Modern English. Among the topics which may be taught

title: English-language education in Japan

text: out that Japan maintains itself as one of the most independent nations on Earth due to its geographic isolation and amazing translation industry which results in hardly any need of English in daily life. The modern English-language industry has recently experienced an incredible boom, followed by a number of hardships, including declarations of bankruptcy for two very large English conversation school chains. Japanese students experience great difficulty in studying English, due to fundamental differences in grammar and syntax, as well as important differences in pronunciation. Japanese word order, the frequent omission of subjects in Japanese, the absence of articles, the

title: Orange (word)

text: Orange (word) The word orange is both a noun and an adjective in the English language. In both cases, it refers primarily to the orange fruit and the color orange, but has many other derivative meanings. The word is derived from a Dravidian language, and it passed through numerous other languages including Sanskrit and Old French before reaching the English language. The earliest uses of the word in English refer to the fruit, and the color was later named after the fruit. Before the English-speaking world was exposed to the fruit, the color was referred to as "yellow-red" ("geoluread" in