query: When was the Brandenburg Gate in Berlin built?

title: Brandenburg Gate

text: gate was badly damaged with holes in the columns from bullets and nearby explosions. One horse's head from the original quadriga survived, and is today kept in the collection of the Märkisches Museum. Following Germany's surrender and the end of the war, the governments of East Berlin and West Berlin restored it in a joint effort. The holes were patched, but were visible for many years following the war. Vehicles and pedestrians could travel freely through the gate, located in East Berlin, until the Berlin Wall was built, 13 August 1961. Brandenburg Gate border crossing was later closed on 14

title: Brandenburg Gate

text: August 1961. West Berliners gathered on the western side of the gate to demonstrate against the Berlin Wall, among them West Berlin's governing Mayor Willy Brandt, who had spontaneously returned from a federal election campaigning tour in West Germany earlier on the same day. It was closed throughout the Berlin Wall period until 22 December 1989. When the Revolutions of 1989 occurred and the wall was demolished, the gate symbolized freedom and the desire to unify the city of Berlin. Thousands of people gathered at the wall to celebrate its fall on 9 November 1989. On 22 December 1989, the

title: Brandenburg Gate

text: then suburbs. The new gate was commissioned by Frederick William II of Prussia to represent peace. The Gate was designed by Carl Gotthard Langhans, the Court Superintendent of Buildings, and built between 1788 and 1791, replacing the earlier simple guardhouses which flanked the original gate in the Customs Wall. The gate consists of twelve Doric columns, six to each side, forming five passageways. Citizens originally were allowed to use only the outermost two on each side. Atop the gate is a Quadriga, a chariot drawn by four horses, sculpted by Johann Gottfried Schadow. The new gate was originally named the

title: Brandenburg Gate

text: Brandenburg Gate The Brandenburg Gate (; ) is an 18th-century neoclassical monument in Berlin, built on the orders of Prussian king Frederick William II after the (temporarily) successful restoration of order during the early Batavian Revolution. One of the best-known landmarks of Germany, it was built on the site of a former city gate that marked the start of the road from Berlin to the town of Brandenburg an der Havel, which used to be capital of the Margraviate of Brandenburg. It is located in the western part of the city centre of Berlin within Mitte, at the junction of

title: Brandenburg Gate

text: shut off in protest against a protest held by far-right anti-Islamic group Pegida. In April 2017, Die Zeit noted that the gate was not illuminated in Russian colours after the 2017 Saint Petersburg Metro bombing. The gate was previously illuminated after attacks in Jerusalem and Orlando. The Berlin Senate only lets the gate be illuminated for events in partner cities and cities with a special connection to Berlin. Brandenburg Gate The Brandenburg Gate (; ) is an 18th-century neoclassical monument in Berlin, built on the orders of Prussian king Frederick William II after the (temporarily) successful restoration of order during

title: Brandenburg Gate Museum

text: sound experience. The show takes 20 minutes to illustrate Berlin, German and world history based on the Brandenburg Gate. The supporting exhibition deepens the historical facts and shows a faithful replica of the head of Nike, the Brandenburg Gate Quadriga charioteer and goddess of victory. Main topics of the exhibition are the following: In the exit area there is a shop and a cafe. Brandenburg Gate Museum The Brandenburg Gate Museum is a private museum in Berlin which opened as "THE GATE Berlin" on April 27, 2016. It is situated vis-à-vis the Brandenburg Gate in the building Pariser Platz 4a

title: Brandenburg Gate Museum

text: Brandenburg Gate Museum The Brandenburg Gate Museum is a private museum in Berlin which opened as "THE GATE Berlin" on April 27, 2016. It is situated vis-à-vis the Brandenburg Gate in the building Pariser Platz 4a and tells 300 years of Berlin history in a multimedia show. Since its founding the Brandenburg Gate Museum is part of the Long Night of Museums in Berlin. On a 71 m² (764 sq ft) large panoramic screen which covers three walls of the room the museum shows a visual history presentation without language barriers. A 38 channel surround system provides a supporting 3D

title: Brandenburg Gate

text: existence of two German states and two Berlins, West Berlin mayor Richard von Weizsäcker said: "The German question is open as long as the Brandenburg Gate is closed." On 12 June 1987, U.S. President Ronald Reagan spoke to the West Berlin populace at the Brandenburg Gate, demanding the razing of the Berlin Wall. Addressing the General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, Mikhail Gorbachev, Reagan said, On 25 December 1989, less than two months after the Berlin Wall began to come down, the conductor Leonard Bernstein conducted the Berlin Philharmonic in a version of the Ninth Symphony

title: Brandenburg Gate

text: role in 2018 European Athletics Championships. It is also the usual finish line of the Berlin Marathon. A Soviet flag flew from a flagpole atop the gate from 1945 until 1957, when it was replaced by an East German flag. Since the reunification of Germany, the flag and the pole have been removed. During the 1953 riots in East Berlin the Soviet flag was torn off by West Germans. In 1963, U.S. President John F. Kennedy visited the Brandenburg Gate. The Soviets hung large red banners across it to prevent him looking into East Berlin. In the 1980s, decrying the

title: Brandenburg Gate

text: on 3 October 2002 following extensive refurbishment, for the 12th anniversary of German reunification. Brandenburg Gate became the main venue for the 20th-anniversary celebrations of the fall of the Berlin Wall or "Festival of Freedom" on the evening of 9 November 2009. The high point of the celebrations was when over 1000 colorfully designed foam domino tiles, each over tall, were lined up along the route of the former wall through the city centre. The domino "wall" was then toppled in stages converging here. The Brandenburg Gate is now again closed to vehicle traffic, and much of Pariser Platz has

title: Brandenburg Gate (Kaliningrad)

text: Brandenburg Gate (Kaliningrad) The Brandenburg Gate (Russian: "Бранденбургские ворота", tr.: "Brandenburgskie vorota", German: "Brandenburger Tor") is one of seven surviving city gates in Kaliningrad, the former German city of Königsberg. The gate is located on Bagration Street and is the only gate of Kaliningrad still in use for the intended purpose. The Brandenburg Gate was built in the south-western part of Königsberg in 1657, with the strengthening of the city walls at the intersection with the road leading to the castle of Brandenburg (now the village of Ushakovo). Due to lack of funds a mere wooden gate was erected. Some

title: Brandenburg Gate (Potsdam)

text: make their way to the town of Brandenburg, hence the name. The gate leads walkers into the city centre pedestrian zone of "Brandenburger Straße" in an easterly direction up to priory church of St. Peter and St. Paul. Since the city wall was demolished around 1900 the Brandenburg Gate has been a free-standing structure. Brandenburg Gate (Potsdam) The Brandenburg Gate () on the "Luisenplatz" in Potsdam, not to be confused with the gate of the same name on Berlin's "Pariser Platz", was built in 1770/71 by Carl von Gontard and Georg Christian Unger by order of Frederick II of Prussia.

title: Brandenburg Gate

text: after the Thirty Years' War and a century before the gate was constructed, Berlin was a small walled city within a star fort with several named gates: Spandauer Tor, St. Georgen Tor, Stralower Tor, Cöpenicker Tor, Neues Tor, and Leipziger Tor "(see map)". Relative peace, a policy of religious tolerance, and status as capital of the Kingdom of Prussia facilitated the growth of the city. The Brandenburg Gate was not part of the old Berlin Fortress, but one of 18 gates within the Berlin Customs Wall (), erected in the 1730s, including the old fortified city and many of its

title: Brandenburg Gate (Potsdam)

text: and the other gates it was intended to prevent desertion and smuggling. Towards the end of the Seven Years' War, Frederick the Great had the old gate demolished and built, in its stead, this new Brandenburg Gate, as a symbol of his victory. For that reason the Brandenburg Gate resembles a Roman triumphal arch. Its prototype was the Arch of Constantine in Rome. The Roman influence of its architectural style can be seen, for example, in the double columns of Corinthian order as well as the design of the attic. A feature of the Brandenburg Gate is that it has

title: Brandenburg Gate (Kaliningrad)

text: the only gate of the still existing gates of Kaliningrad that performs its original transport function. The structure has been restored and is protected by the state as an architectural monument. Though built in the middle of the 19th century, the Königsberg gates were neogothic in style. The Brandenburg Gate expresses the Gothic motifs particularly vividly. The pediments in the form of arrows give this gate, which is in fact rather low, a sense of height. The gate is richly decorated with decorative elements, such as the high relief stone and stylized flowers. Brandenburg Gate (Kaliningrad) The Brandenburg Gate (Russian:

title: Brandenburg Gate (Potsdam)

text: Brandenburg Gate (Potsdam) The Brandenburg Gate () on the "Luisenplatz" in Potsdam, not to be confused with the gate of the same name on Berlin's "Pariser Platz", was built in 1770/71 by Carl von Gontard and Georg Christian Unger by order of Frederick II of Prussia. It stands at the western end of "Brandenburger Straße", which runs in a straight line up to the Church of St. Peter and St. Paul. Previously, from 1733, there was another, simpler gate on the same spot, which resembled a castle gateway. Together with the city wall, a form of toll or excise barrier,

title: Brandenburg Gate

text: defeat in 1814 and the Prussian occupation of Paris by General Ernst von Pfuel, the Quadriga was restored to Berlin. It was now redesigned by Karl Friedrich Schinkel for the new role of the Brandenburg Gate as a Prussian triumphal arch; the goddess, now definitely Victoria, was equipped with the Prussian eagle and Iron Cross on her lance with a wreath of oak leaves. The Quadriga faces east, as it did when it was originally installed in 1793. Only the royal family was allowed to pass through the central archway, as well as members of the Pfuel family, from 1814

title: Brandenburg Gate

text: Brandenburg Gate border crossing was reopened when Helmut Kohl, the West German chancellor, walked through to be greeted by Hans Modrow, the East German prime minister. Demolition of the rest of the wall around the area took place the following year. During 1990, the quadriga was removed from the gate as part of renovation work carried out by the East German authorities following the fall of the wall in November 1989. Germany was officially reunified in October 1990. The Brandenburg Gate was privately refurbished on 21 December 2000, at a cost of six million euros. It was once again opened

title: Flughafen Berlin Brandenburg GmbH

text: Flughafen Berlin Brandenburg GmbH Flughafen Berlin Brandenburg GmbH, commonly abbreviated FBB, is a German airport operator. Currently, it operates Berlin Tegel Airport and Berlin Schönefeld Airport, and is the building owner and future operator of Berlin Brandenburg Airport. FBB is owned by the German states of Berlin and Brandenburg (37 percent each), with the remaining shares being held by the Federal Republic of Germany (represented by the ministries of Transport and Finance). When plans for a new Berlin Airport were made following the German reunification, "Berlin Brandenburg Flughafen Holding GmbH (BBF)" was founded on 2 May 1991. In a privatization

title: Brandenburg Gate

text: peace in post–Cold War Europe. On 9 November 2009, Chancellor Angela Merkel, walked through Brandenburg Gate with Russia's Mikhail Gorbachev and Poland's Lech Wałęsa as part of the 20-year celebration of tearing down the Berlin Wall. On 13 August 2011, Germany marked the 50th anniversary of the day the Berlin Wall started to go up with a memorial service and a minute of silence in memory of those who died trying to flee to the West. "It is our shared responsibility to keep the memory alive and to pass it on to the coming generations as a reminder to stand

title: Gauliga Berlin-Brandenburg

text: Gauliga Berlin-Brandenburg The Gauliga Berlin-Brandenburg was the highest football league in the provinces of Brandenburg and Berlin in the German state of Prussia from 1933 to 1945. Shortly after the formation of the league, the Nazis reorganised the administrative regions in Germany, and the "Gaue" "Brandenburg" and "Berlin" replaced the Prussian provinces. The league was introduced by the Nazi Sports Office in 1933, after the Nazi take over of power in Germany. It replaced the "Oberliga" as the highest level of play in German football competitions. The "Gauliga Berlin-Brandenburg" was established with twelve clubs, ten from Berlin and two from

title: Rundfunk Berlin-Brandenburg

text: Rundfunk Berlin-Brandenburg Rundfunk Berlin-Brandenburg (rbb) ("Berlin-Brandenburg Broadcasting") is an institution under public law (national broadcaster) for the German states of Berlin and Brandenburg, situated in Berlin and Potsdam. rbb was established on 1 May 2003 through the merger of Sender Freies Berlin (SFB) and Ostdeutscher Rundfunk Brandenburg (ORB), based in Potsdam, and is a member of the Association of PSBs in the Federal Republic of Germany (ARD). rbb has not only the two main studios in Berlin and Potsdam, but also regional studios in Cottbus and Frankfurt (Oder) and regional offices in Perleberg and Prenzlau. In addition, rbb operates the

title: Brandenburg Gate

text: Peace Gate (German: "Friedenstor") and the goddess is Victoria, the goddess of victory. The gate's design is based upon the Propylaea, the gateway to the Acropolis in Athens, Greece, and is consistent with Berlin's history of architectural classicism (first, Baroque, and then neo-Palladian). The gate was the first element of "Athens on the River Spree" by architect Langhans. The Brandenburg Gate has played different political roles in German history. After the 1806 Prussian defeat at the Battle of Jena-Auerstedt, Napoleon was the first to use the Brandenburg Gate for a triumphal procession, and took its Quadriga to Paris. After Napoleon's

title: Rundfunk Berlin-Brandenburg

text: of John F. Kennedy, and later distributed under SFB-frequency, Abendschau reports as an urban magazine on politics, economy, sports and timeliness in Berlin and presents sensitivities, originals and anecdotes from the districts and boroughs. For younger audiences between four and eight years old, rbb produces the "Ohrenbär". Rundfunk Berlin-Brandenburg Rundfunk Berlin-Brandenburg (rbb) ("Berlin-Brandenburg Broadcasting") is an institution under public law (national broadcaster) for the German states of Berlin and Brandenburg, situated in Berlin and Potsdam. rbb was established on 1 May 2003 through the merger of Sender Freies Berlin (SFB) and Ostdeutscher Rundfunk Brandenburg (ORB), based in Potsdam, and is

title: Verkehrsverbund Berlin-Brandenburg

text: Verkehrsverbund Berlin-Brandenburg The Verkehrsverbund Berlin-Brandenburg (VBB) is a transport association run by public transport providers in the German states of Berlin and Brandenburg. It is a private limited company owned jointly by the states of Berlin and Brandenburg (with one third each) and the 18 counties and cities of Brandenburg with 1.85% each. It was founded on 30 December 1996. VBB claims to be one of the largest transport associations in Europe based on the area covered of 30,367 km² with nearly 6 million inhabitants. Common ticketing was launched on 1 April 1999. The 2005 number of passengers transported was

title: Verkehrsverbund Berlin-Brandenburg

title: Gauliga Berlin-Brandenburg

text: then clubs from the eastern sector of the city, which was under Soviet control. In Brandenburg, like most of Germany, football took longer to reestablish itself and the regions clubs eventually became part of the new DDR-Oberliga. The twelve founding members and their positions in the 1932-33 "Oberliga Berlin-Brandenburg" season were: The winners and runners-up of the league: The complete list of all clubs participating in the league: Gauliga Berlin-Brandenburg The Gauliga Berlin-Brandenburg was the highest football league in the provinces of Brandenburg and Berlin in the German state of Prussia from 1933 to 1945. Shortly after the formation of

title: Architecture in Berlin

text: and nightlife. The Straße des 17. Juni, connecting the Brandenburg Gate and Ernst-Reuter-Platz, serves as a central east-west axis. Its name commemorates the uprisings in East Berlin of 17 June 1953. About halfway from the Brandenburg Gate is the Großer Stern, a circular traffic island on which the Siegessäule (Victory Column) is situated. This monument, built to commemorate Prussia's victories, was relocated in 1938–1939 from its previous position in front of the Reichstag. The Kurfürstendamm is home to some of Berlin's luxurious stores, with the Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church at its eastern end on Breitscheidplatz. The church was destroyed during

title: Oberliga Berlin-Brandenburg

text: Oberliga Berlin-Brandenburg The Oberliga Berlin-Brandenburg was the highest association football competition in the Prussian Province of Brandenburg, including Berlin, from 1923 to 1933. The competition was disbanded in 1933 with the rise of the Nazis to power. The league was organized by Verband Brandenburgischer Ballspielvereine (VBB) and formed in 1923, after a league reform which was decided upon in Darmstadt, Hesse. Until the introduction of the "Oberliga", the "Verbandsliga Berlin-Brandenburg" was the highest league in the state. This league had been formed after the First World War. The "Oberliga", like the "Verbandsliga" before, consisted of two divisions of ten clubs

title: Grünau Cross–Berlin Brandenburg Airport railway

text: turnback facility was built in Schönefeld station. There is no turnback facility in the new airport station, so trains reverse at the platform. The airport station is controlled by a computer-based interlocking in Selchow. Grünau Cross–Berlin Brandenburg Airport railway The Grünau Cross–Berlin Brandenburg Airport railway is a railway line in the south of Berlin, the capital of Germany, and in the adjacent areas of Brandenburg. It is used by the Berlin S-Bahn. The first, 5.9 kilometre-long section was opened in 1962 and served mainly as a connection to Berlin Schönefeld Airport and the associated long-distance station. In 2011, a 7.7

title: Berlin Brandenburg Airport

text: known as Berlin Brandenburg International Airport, abbreviated BBI. It was then discovered that the IATA code BBI already referred to Biju Patnaik International Airport, (also known as Bhubaneswar Airport) in India. When the planned opening date of 2 June 2012 drew nearer the FBB launched a marketing campaign introducing the BER branding, reflecting the new airport code. In 2007 the FBB board decided that Berlin Brandenburg Airport would be given a second name, honoring a person with a distinctive link to the city of Berlin. On 11 December 2009, the decision was made in favor of Willy Brandt. The Nobel

title: Berlin Brandenburg Airport

text: congested due to rising passenger numbers. To ensure the economic viability of the project, they pursued the "single airport concept", meaning that the new airport would become the sole commercial airport for Berlin and Brandenburg. They planned to close Tegel, Schönefeld and Tempelhof upon opening the new airport, then ban commercial aviation from any other airport in Brandenburg. On 2 May 1991, the "Berlin Brandenburg Flughafen Holding GmbH" (BBF) was founded, owned by the states of Berlin and Brandenburg (37 percent each) and the Federal Republic of Germany (the remaining 26 percent). Eberhard Diepgen, Mayor of Berlin, became the first

title: Berlin Brandenburg Airport

text: Berlin Brandenburg Airport Willy Brandt Airport, Berlin Brandenburg () is an international airport under construction near the capital of Germany, Berlin. It is adjacent to Berlin Schönefeld Airport in Schönefeld, south of the city centre. It was originally intended to replace both Schönefeld and Berlin Tegel Airport and become the single commercial airport serving Berlin and the surrounding state of Brandenburg. This is an area with a combined 6 million inhabitants. However, it is now planned that it will replace only Tegel, with Schönefeld Airport currently being expanded as it will still be required to cope with rising passenger numbers.

title: Oberliga Berlin-Brandenburg

text: evident by the fact that it bowed out in the first round of the German championship to un-heralded SV Hindenburg Allenstein, which in turn was beaten 12-2 by Eintracht Frankfurt in the second round. With the rise of the Nazis to power, the "Gauligas" were introduced as the highest football leagues in Germany. In Brandenburg, the "Gauliga Berlin-Brandenburg" replaced the "Oberliga" as the highest level of play. The eleven best teams from the league qualified for this new single-division league. A twelfth team, the SV Cottbus-Süd, came from the "Bezirksliga Niederlausitz". Oberliga Berlin-Brandenburg The Oberliga Berlin-Brandenburg was the highest association

title: Gauliga Berlin-Brandenburg

text: Brandenburg. The Gauliga replaced as such the "Oberliga Berlin-Brandenburg", the highest league in the region until then. The clubs from the Berlin/Brandenburg region were not particularly successful in the era from 1933 to 1945. No club reached a German championship or cup final. After Hertha BSC Berlin having played in a record six successive championship finals from 1926 to 1931, this unsuccessful run was a definite decline for the football in Berlin. In its first season, the league had twelve clubs, playing each other once at home and once away. The league winner qualified for the German championship while the

title: Berlin/Brandenburg Metropolitan Region

text: ("Mittelzentren") allocated to 50 towns. The Berlin agglomeration comprises the metropolis Berlin, the regional centre of Potsdam and 17 secondary centres: The following list contains the most populated towns and municipalities in the Berliner Umland: Berlin/Brandenburg Metropolitan Region The Berlin/Brandenburg Metropolitan Region (, also "Hauptstadtregion Berlin-Brandenburg") is one of eleven metropolitan regions of Germany, consisting of the entire territories of the city-state of Berlin and the surrounding state of Brandenburg. The region covers an area of with a total population exceeding 6 million. The metropolitan region should be distinguished from Berlin's immediate agglomeration, dubbed "Berliner Umland" () which comprises the

title: Berlin Wall

text: Day. On 9 November 2009, Berlin celebrated the 20th Anniversary of the Fall of the Berlin Wall with a "Festival of Freedom" with dignitaries from around the world in attendance for an evening celebration around the Brandenburg Gate. A high point was when over 1,000 colourfully designed foam domino tiles, each over tall, that were stacked along the former route of the Wall in the city center were toppled in stages, converging in front of the Brandenburg Gate. A Berlin Twitter Wall was set up to allow Twitter users to post messages commemorating the 20th anniversary. The Chinese government quickly

title: Berlin/Brandenburg Metropolitan Region

text: Berlin/Brandenburg Metropolitan Region The Berlin/Brandenburg Metropolitan Region (, also "Hauptstadtregion Berlin-Brandenburg") is one of eleven metropolitan regions of Germany, consisting of the entire territories of the city-state of Berlin and the surrounding state of Brandenburg. The region covers an area of with a total population exceeding 6 million. The metropolitan region should be distinguished from Berlin's immediate agglomeration, dubbed "Berliner Umland" () which comprises the city and the nearby Brandenburg municipalities. "Berliner Umland" is significantly smaller and much more densely populated than the metropolitan region, accounting for the vast majority of the region's population over a fraction of its total

title: Berlin Brandenburg Airport

text: board consisted of Manfred Stolpe, now Federal Minister of Transportation; Klaus Wowereit, who replaced Eberhard Diepgen as Mayor of Berlin and chair of the board; and Matthias Platzeck, who replaced Stolpe as Minister-President of Brandenburg. The board determined that the proposal would not be practical and voted 22 May 2003 to scrap the privatization plan. Hochtief and IVG received approximately €50 million compensation for their planning effort. The new Berlin airport would be planned, owned and operated by BBF Holding. shortly afterwards BBF Holding became "Flughafen Berlin Brandenburg GmbH" (FBB) and remained under the ownership of Berlin, Brandenburg and the

title: Berlin Brandenburg International School

text: Berlin Brandenburg International School Berlin Brandenburg International School (BBIS) is an IB World School. The school was established 1990 in Potsdam, Germany, but is now located in Kleinmachnow, between Berlin and Potsdam, to Berlin (Mitte) and to Potsdam. English is the language of instruction at BBIS, meaning that all subjects, including maths, drama, humanities, technology, music, design, art, etc. are taught in English. The school is divided into elementary, middle and upper schools. Berlin Brandenburg International School is led by Peter Kotrc (director), Burkhard Dolata (CFO), and a team of three principals. BBIS is home to 700 students, 99 Teachers,

title: Brandenburg Gate

text: of Beethoven at the then newly opened Brandenburg Gate. In the concluding choral movement of the symphony, the famous "Ode to Joy", the word "Freude" ("Joy") was replaced with "Freiheit" ("Freedom") to celebrate the fall of the Wall and the imminent reunification of Germany. On 2–3 October 1990, the Gate was the scene of the official ceremony to mark the reunification of Germany. At the stroke of midnight on 3 October, the black-red-gold flag of West Germany—now the flag of a reunified Germany—was raised over the Gate. On 12 July 1994, U.S. President Bill Clinton spoke at the Gate about

title: Medienboard Berlin-Brandenburg

text: Medienboard Berlin-Brandenburg The Medienboard Berlin-Brandenburg is the body responsible for Film Funding and Media Business Development in the states of Berlin and Brandenburg. It is also the first point of contact for international and German professionals active in the film and media industries. The Medienboard’s Film Funding department has an annual budget of roughly €24 million. Among the films that have received support from the Medienboard in the past couple of years are the Bollywood production Don 2 starring Shah Rukh Khan, Inglourious Basterds directed by Quentin Tarantino, The White Ribbon directed by Michael Haneke, The Ghost Writer directed by

title: Brandenburg Gate: Revisited

text: Brandenburg Gate: Revisited Brandenburg Gate: Revisited is a studio album by The Dave Brubeck Quartet accompanied by an orchestra arranged by Howard Brubeck. The album peaked at 137 on the "Billboard" 200. "Billboard" magazine featured the album as a "Billboard Spotlight Pick" in their November 23, 1963 issue. The album was reviewed by Lindsay Planer at Allmusic who wrote with regards the orchestral accompaniment that "...The subtle tension and liberation that exists between the two arguably disparate aggregates prevent either from overpowering the other. Likewise, spirited leads and improvisations from Brubeck and Desmond keep the elaborate piece agile and firmly

title: Berlin Brandenburg Airport railway station

text: Berlin Brandenburg Airport railway station Berlin Brandenburg Airport () is a future railway station located under the terminal of Berlin Brandenburg Airport, Germany. The train services will be operated by Deutsche Bahn. The station is located in a 3.1 km long tunnel, on the Glasower Damm Ost–Bohnsdorf Süd railway and the Grünauer Kreuz–Berlin Brandenburg Airport railway, both of which branch off the Berlin–Görlitz railway; the Glasower Damm Ost–Bohnsdorf Süd railway also branched off the Berlin outer ring. It is in the municipal territory of Schönefeld, just outside Berlin. It will replace Schönefeld as the airport station after the merging of

title: Gauliga Berlin-Brandenburg

text: the 1942-43 and 1943-44 seasons. For its last season, 1944–45, it expanded to eleven clubs. The imminent collapse of Nazi Germany in 1945 gravely affected all "Gauligas" and football in the Berlin-Brandenburg region ceased in early 1945 with most clubs having played 13 of their 20-season games and the Berliner SV 92 leading the field. With the end of the Nazi era, the "Gauligas" ceased to exist. Berlin came under joint allied control, while Brandenburg was part of the Soviet occupation zone. In Berlin, the Oberliga Berlin was formed as the new highest football league, in 1945. It still included

title: Architecture in Berlin

text: Brandenburg Gate is an iconic landmark of Berlin and Germany which appears on Germany's euro coins (10-cent, 20-cent and 50-cent). The Reichstag building is the traditional seat of the German Parliament, which was renovated during the 1950s after severe World War II damage. The building was again remodeled by British architect Norman Foster during the 1990s and features a glass dome over the session area, which allows free public access to parliamentary proceedings and a view of the city. Potsdamer Platz is a quarter built after 1995, following the demolition of the Berlin Wall. To the west is the Kulturforum,

title: Rundfunk Berlin-Brandenburg

text: ARD International Studio in Warsaw, whose responsibility interchanges every five years between rbb and WDR (WDR was last in charge from May 2009 to September 2014). The institution also operates the ARD Play-Out Center in Potsdam, a broadcast center for the programs within the ARD digital bouquet. rbb, together with WDR, is responsible for the ARD television studio in Berlin. rbb was built on 25 June 2002 on the basis of the treaty about the establishment of a joint broadcasting company by the states of Berlin and Brandenburg. Therefore, rbb hosts radio and television and has to make sure that

title: Berlin Brandenburg Airport

text: were voiced in 2013 that the new airport might be too small as passenger numbers at existing Berlin airports were approaching the BER design capacity. In May 2016, it emerged that a whistle blower on the airport project, who had alerted the public to major corruption within the project, had been poisoned with a "deadly substance" but survived after a three-month period of illness. Berlin Brandenburg Airport Willy Brandt Airport, Berlin Brandenburg () is an international airport under construction near the capital of Germany, Berlin. It is adjacent to Berlin Schönefeld Airport in Schönefeld, south of the city centre. It

text: station will be served by the following service(s): A limited number of long distance and international services will also call at the station: Berlin Brandenburg Airport railway station Berlin Brandenburg Airport () is a future railway station located under the terminal of Berlin Brandenburg Airport, Germany. The train services will be operated by Deutsche Bahn. The station is located in a 3.1 km long tunnel, on the Glasower Damm Ost–Bohnsdorf Süd railway and the Grünauer Kreuz–Berlin Brandenburg Airport railway, both of which branch off the Berlin–Görlitz railway; the Glasower Damm Ost–Bohnsdorf Süd railway also branched off the Berlin outer ring.

title: Berlin Brandenburg Airport

text: estate began in autumn 2006 and beginning in 2009 offices, hotels, car rentals, four parking decks with a capacity of 10,000, restaurants and retail spaces were built here. To the north is the "BER Business Park Berlin" with a planned area of for industrial and commercial use as well as congress centers. A further "Business Park North" was proposed as a future use of the area of the old Schönefeld terminal. However, so far there are no definite plans for the future use of this area. In September 2010 Deutsche Flugsicherung published aircraft arrival and departure paths for Berlin Brandenburg

title: Berlin

text: to fashionable culture, with countless clothing outlets, clubs, bars, and galleries. This includes the Hackesche Höfe, a conglomeration of buildings around several courtyards, reconstructed around 1996. The nearby New Synagogue is the center of Jewish culture. The Straße des 17. Juni, connecting the Brandenburg Gate and Ernst-Reuter-Platz, serves as the central east-west axis. Its name commemorates the uprisings in East Berlin of 17 June 1953. Approximately halfway from the Brandenburg Gate is the Großer Stern, a circular traffic island on which the Siegessäule (Victory Column) is situated. This monument, built to commemorate Prussia's victories, was relocated in 1938–39 from its

title: Charlottenburg Gate

text: Charlottenburg Gate Charlottenburg Gate () with Charlottenburg Bridge ("Charlottenburger Brücke") is a Neo-Baroque building in the Charlottenburg district of Berlin. Erected in 1907 at the behest of the then independent City of Charlottenburg, it was meant as a counterpart to Berlin's Brandenburg Gate. The Gates flank the western approach to the main thoroughfare Straße des 17. Juni (former "Charlottenburger Chaussee") through the Großer Tiergarten park, which passes either sided of the Berlin Victory Column in the centre, on through Brandenburg Gate to the central Mitte district, where it continues as the Unter Den Linden boulevard. They are close to the

title: Brandenburg Gate: Revisited

text: rooted in jazz." Planer wrote that Desmond on "Summer Song" "...once again reels off impressive lines that never detract from the tastefully understated string augmentation" and of the "G Flat Theme" that "...What begins as dark and melancholy dissipates into a mid-tempo groove that drives both Brubeck and Desmond into some very interesting spaces as they quickly adapt their sound to the slightly noir, but highly memorable chorus." Brandenburg Gate: Revisited Brandenburg Gate: Revisited is a studio album by The Dave Brubeck Quartet accompanied by an orchestra arranged by Howard Brubeck. The album peaked at 137 on the "Billboard" 200.

text: Grünau Cross–Berlin Brandenburg Airport railway The Grünau Cross–Berlin Brandenburg Airport railway is a railway line in the south of Berlin, the capital of Germany, and in the adjacent areas of Brandenburg. It is used by the Berlin S-Bahn. The first, 5.9 kilometre-long section was opened in 1962 and served mainly as a connection to Berlin Schönefeld Airport and the associated long-distance station. In 2011, a 7.7 kilometre-long extension went into operation to connect with Berlin Brandenburg Airport (BER). Due to delays in the start-up of the new airport, this section is not yet used for public transport. The only railway

title: Berlin Brandenburg Airport

text: due to the failure of the fire protection system. In reality, according to a Brandenburg State Audit report in February 2016 the usability of the airport was at 56.2% (there were no ticket counters, the escalators did not work, etc.). The report went on to say there was no realistic chance that it could be used "reasonably successfully" in 2012. Legal implications concerning the failed 2012 opening are likely following the publication of the 2016 report. The construction of Berlin Brandenburg Airport has suffered from continued delays. When construction of the terminal building began in 2006, FBB announced 30 October

title: The Wall – Live in Berlin

text: The Wall – Live in Berlin The Wall – Live in Berlin was a live concert performance by Roger Waters and numerous guest artists, of the Pink Floyd studio album "The Wall", itself largely written by Waters during his time with the band. The show was held in Berlin on 21 July 1990, to commemorate the fall of the Berlin Wall eight months earlier. A live album of the concert was released 21 August 1990. A video of the concert was also commercially released. The concert was staged on vacant terrain between Potsdamer Platz and the Brandenburg Gate, a location

title: Berlin Brandenburg Airport

text: federal government. On 13 August 2004, the Brandenburg state ministry for infrastructure and regional policy granted approval for the development of Schönefeld Airport into new Berlin Brandenburg International Airport. A legal battle ensued, as local residents filed lawsuits against the ministry's decision. The dispute ended 16 March 2006, when the Federal Administrative Court of Germany rejected the residents' arguments. However, the court imposed stipulations on the flight operations at the new airport. The construction permit was granted only under the condition that once operational, the number of people living in the approach path would be lower compared to the situation

title: Medienboard Berlin-Brandenburg

text: updated database of addresses and images covering the Berlin-Brandenburg film and media region. In 2005, the Medienboard Berlin-Brandenburg joined together with the Ile de France Film Commission, the Roma Lazio Film Commission and the Madrid Film Commission to create a network known as the Capital Regions for Cinema (CRC). The CRC seeks to bring together the creative potential of these European film metropolises and to develop overall conditions for cooperation and coproduction. Four times a year, during the film festivals in Berlin, Cannes, Rome and San Sebastian, European producers pitch their new projects as part of the CRC meetings. Medienboard

title: Oberliga Berlin-Brandenburg

text: each who would determine their champions in a home-and-away format. The two divisional champions would then play for the Brandenburg championship in a two-game series. Should each team win one game, a third game was held as a decider. The Brandenburg champion would then continue on to play in the German football championship. From 1925 onwards, the runners-up of Brandenburg was also qualified for an enlarged national championship. Below the league, as the second division in Brandenburg, four "Kreisligas" were set, those being: From 1925 onwards, until 1931, the league was dominated by Hertha BSC Berlin, who won it every

title: Oberliga Berlin-Brandenburg

text: three final games between the two divisional champions, a four team finals tournament was introduced in 1931, consisting of the two "Oberliga" division winners, the Pomeranian champion and the Berlin Cup winner. The 1932 edition saw the end of an era; Hertha only came second in its division and was therefore not qualified for the Brandenburg championship. The tournament was held with only three clubs, the Berlin Cup winner, incidentally Hertha, did not take part. Hertha returned in 1933 to win the last championship of the "Oberliga" and Brandenburg. The club's golden age had come to an end, however, as

title: Brandenburg Gate

text: Unter den Linden and Ebertstraße, immediately west of the Pariser Platz. One block to the north stands the Reichstag building, which houses the German parliament ("Bundestag"). The gate is the monumental entry to Unter den Linden, the renowned boulevard of linden trees, which led directly to the royal City Palace of the Prussian monarchs. Throughout its existence, the Brandenburg Gate was often a site for major historical events and is today considered not only as a symbol of the tumultuous history of Europe and Germany, but also of European unity and peace. In the time of Frederick William (1688), shortly

title: Flughafen Berlin Brandenburg GmbH

text: 2014 and was replaced by Karsten Mühlenfeld in March 2015. Mühlenfeld himself was later forced to terminate his contract early after the BER project was hit by delay after delay. One of his last acts as CEO was to announce a new opening date of 2018 for a project that began in 2006 and was initially supposed to open in 2011. He was replaced in March 2017 by Berlin's Secretary for Housing and Construction Engelbert Lütke Daldrup. Flughafen Berlin Brandenburg GmbH Flughafen Berlin Brandenburg GmbH, commonly abbreviated FBB, is a German airport operator. Currently, it operates Berlin Tegel Airport and

title: Berlin Brandenburg Airport

text: serviced, a major logistics operation for moving the airports' infrastructure was launched. Vehicles, equipment and supplies that were needed at Tegel until the final moments would have been transported to BER during the night of 2–3 June. To allow this, the authorities planned to restrict the highways linking the two airports (A113, A100 and parts of A111) to airport traffic only. Rundfunk Berlin Brandenburg, the national broadcaster for Berlin and Brandenburg, scheduled 24 hours of continuous live coverage of the airport move. A special Lufthansa flight to Frankfurt Airport, operated with an Airbus A380, was scheduled as the first departure

title: Brandenburg Gate (Kaliningrad)

text: hundred years later the gate was torn down and replaced by a brick structure by order of King Frederick II of Prussia. During restoration work in 1843 the gate was significantly altered and decorated with sharp decorative pediments, cruciform sandstone color, stylized leaves on the tops, coats of arms and medallions. Sculptures of Field Marshal Hermann von Boyen (1771–1848), a war minister and reformer of the Prussian army, and Lieutenant-General Ernst von Aster (1778–1855), chief of the engineering corps, and one of the initiators of the second strengthening of the city walls, were added as well. The Brandenburg Gate is

title: Berlin border crossings

text: built for interim use. Because of their symbolic value, the most famous of these were Glienicke Bridge, Bernauer Straße, Potsdamer Platz, and the Brandenburg Gate. The opening of the Brandenburg Gate was merely a public-relations formality which took place on 22 December 1989 at the request of then-Chancellor Helmut Kohl. Hundreds of television crews from all over the world had anticipated this historic event for weeks. West Germans and West Berliners were allowed visa-free travel to the East Berlin and East Germany starting 23 December 1989. Until then, they could only visit under restrictive conditions that involved application for a

title: Berlin Brandenburg Airport

text: airport. The airport is due to pay damages as of 2 May 2016. In November 2015, auditors with the Brandenburg Comptroller concluded that financial control executed by Berlin, Brandenburg, and Germany over the airport as owners was insufficient and inefficient. The Comptroller published a 400-page report in February 2016 describing the flawed opening including several construction lapses. This led the BER boss to retaliate publicly against the comptroller on 27 February decrying the release of the numbers. Soundproofing nearby homes will be €50million more expensive due to a verdict of the main administrative courts of the states of Berlin and

title: Architecture in Berlin

text: best-preserved church, the medieval Church of St. Mary's, is the first preaching venue—Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church is the second—of the Bishop of the Evangelical Church of Berlin-Brandenburg-Silesian Upper Lusatia (EKBO, a Protestant regional church body). St. Hedwig's Cathedral is Berlin's Roman Catholic cathedral. Unter den Linden is a tree-lined east–west avenue from the Brandenburg Gate to the site of the former Berliner Stadtschloss, and was Berlin's premier promenade. Many classical buildings line the street, and part of Humboldt University is located there. Friedrichstraße was Berlin's legendary street during the Roaring Twenties, and combines 20th-century tradition with modern Berlin architecture. The

title: Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities

text: Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities The Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities (), abbreviated BBAW, is the official academic society for the natural sciences and humanities for the German states of Berlin and Brandenburg. Housed in three locations in and around Berlin, Germany, the BBAW is the largest non-university humanities research institute in the region. The BBAW was constituted in 1992 by formal treaty between the governments of Berlin and Brandenburg on the basis of several older academies, including the historic Prussian Academy of Sciences from 1700 and East Germany's Academy of Sciences of the German Democratic Republic from

title: Berlin Brandenburg Airport

text: construction was halted due to bats. Final construction permission for the railway station was granted on 26 March 2018. Line U7 stops short of the airport but there are plans to extend it towards the airport if and when funds become available. The issue is complicated by the fact that the line would have to cross the state border and it is unclear who would have to pay for which parts of construction operations and maintenance. Berlin Brandenburg Airport is connected by its own exit to the A113. The road carries traffic into Berlin to the A100 and out to

title: Geography of Berlin

text: before 1933. Although the New Synagogue is still an anchor for Jewish history and culture, Oranienburger straße and surrounding areas have become increasingly known for pubs, shopping, theaters, art galleries, and nightlife. The Straße des 17. Juni, connecting the Brandenburg Gate and Ernst-Reuter-Platz, serves as a central East-West axis. Situated in the western part of the city, its name commemorates the uprisings in East Berlin of June 17, 1953. Approximately half-way from the Brandenburg Gate is the Großer Stern, a circular traffic island on which the Siegessäule ("Victory Column") is situated. This monument, built to commemorate Prussia's victories, was relocated

title: Berlin/Brandenburg Metropolitan Region

text: Berlin and Potsdam account for more than 80 percent of the region's total population. The Brandenburg area is characterized by suburban settlements on the Berlin city limits and small towns in the rural outer area. Beside Berlin and Potsdam, Berliner Umland comprises the following 67 municipalities: These other communes are listed below, subdivided per district. The municipalities marked with have city status: The metropolitan region counts three levels of centralities ("Zentralörtliche Gliederung"): The metropolis ("Metropole") of Berlin, the four upper level regional centres ("Oberzentren") of Potsdam, Cottbus, Brandenburg an der Havel and Frankfurt (Oder), as well as 42 secondary centres

title: Evangelical Church in Berlin, Brandenburg and Silesian Upper Lusatia

text: Evangelical Church in Berlin, Brandenburg and Silesian Upper Lusatia The Evangelical Church Berlin-Brandenburg-Silesian Upper Lusatia () is a United Protestant church body in the German states of Brandenburg, Berlin and a part of Saxony (historical region of Silesian Upper Lusatia). The seat of the church is in Berlin. It is a full member of the Evangelical Church in Germany (), and is a church of the Prussian Union. The leader of the church is bishop Dr. Markus Dröge (2010). The EKBO is one of 20 Lutheran, Reformed, and United churches of the EKD and is itself a United church. The

title: Berlin Brandenburg Airport

text: mean no take-offs or landings are allowed between midnight and 05:00. The Federal Administrative Court of Germany rejected a lawsuit by residents aiming to extend this night flight ban from 23:00 to 06:00 on 13 October 2011. It was also ruled that affected residents should be provided with additional noise insulation. Since German reunification, air traffic in Berlin has grown greatly. In 1991, the combined passenger volume of the city's airports was at 7.9 million per year. By 2014, this number had risen to 28 million. When Berlin Brandenburg opens, it will have a capacity of 27 million passengers per

title: Berlin Brandenburg Airport

text: around test was planned to commence sometime in September 2018 but it was postponed to June 2019 because wiring was still too hazardous. Berlin Brandenburg Airport will have two parallel runways. With a spacing of , this will allow independent flight operations without interference from wake turbulence. The northern runway of BER is the southern runway of the old Schönefeld Airport and has been in use since the 1960s. To adapt it for the new airport, it has been renovated and lengthened from . The newly-built southern runway has a length of and was officially commissioned 31 May 2012. Blackouts

title: Medienboard Berlin-Brandenburg

text: well as the development of innovative audiovisual content in the fields of games, Web 2.0 and mobile. The Medienboard funds German and international films in the categories of Development, Production (feature films, documentaries, animation, short films and international co-productions) and Sales & Distribution (in Germany). The funds provided by the Medienboard are conditionally repayable loans and must be spent entirely in Berlin-Brandenburg. They can be combined with other funding. The Medienboard funds projects and measures designed to promote the ongoing development, professionalization and showcasing of the film and media industry in Berlin and Brandenburg. These include awards, competitions, festivals, events,

title: Berlin Brandenburg Airport

text: With projected annual passenger numbers of around 34 million, Berlin Brandenburg Airport would become the third busiest airport in Germany. This would surpass Düsseldorf Airport and make it one of the fifteen busiest in Europe. Lufthansa, Germanwings and EasyJet are expected to become the leading carriers at Berlin Brandenburg Airport. After almost 15 years of planning, construction began in 2006. Originally planned to open in October 2011, the airport has encountered a series of delays and cost overruns. These were due to poor construction planning, execution, management and corruption. Autumn 2020 became the new target for the official opening date

title: Berlin Brandenburg Airport

text: its Hochtief Airport subsidiary and included ABB, Fraport and Bankengesellschaft Berlin as partners. The other consortium comprised IVG, Flughafen Wien AG, Dorsch-Consult, Commerzbank and Caisse des Dépôts. On 19 September 1998, BBF announced that the Hochtief consortium were the successful bidder. This saw them granted exclusive authority to negotiate the terms and conditions for an acquisition of the Berlin Brandenburg Airport holding and the construction and operation of the new airport for 50 years. On 31 March 1999, BBF officially commissioned Hochtief and its partners to construct the new airport, causing IVG to file a lawsuit. The Brandenburg Oberlandesgericht acknowledged

title: Prussian Palaces and Gardens Foundation Berlin-Brandenburg

text: Potsdam-Berlin's cultural landscape forming the largest part. With the treaty of SPSG coming into force, these land and buildings are included in the inventory: Buildings and parks in Potsdam: Historic buildings in Potsdam outside the parks: Castles in Brandenburg: In 2001 palaces in Paretz and Oranienburg were added in order to support museums. Prussian Palaces and Gardens Foundation Berlin-Brandenburg The Prussian Palaces and Gardens Foundation Berlin-Brandenburg () or SPSG, was founded by a treaty of 23 August 1994 between the German federal states of Berlin and Brandenburg as a public foundation following German reunification. The treaty came into force on

title: Berlin Brandenburg International School

text: Karate, Football, Board Games, Watercolour Painting, Reading Club, Archery, Badminton, Volleyball, Cross Country, Climbing, Swimming, Rowing, Chess Club, International Award, Model United Nations, Gay Straight Alliance, Drama Club, Orchestra, Chamber Music Ensemble, Maths Club, Chinese Calligraphy, Stage Design, Newspaper Club, Human Rights Club, Programme for Academic Success (PAS), PAS Science, Habitat for Humanity, Student Ambassadors Programme, HS Student Council, Lunchtime Homework and Study Hall, Life Coaching Through Music, Creative Writing, Music in Film, Spanish Club, The Get Organised Group, Culture Club (Selection) Berlin Brandenburg International School Berlin Brandenburg International School (BBIS) is an IB World School. The school was established

title: Berlin Brandenburg Airport

text: in the south, though no such plans exist to date. Air Berlin planned to move its primary hub from Tegel to Berlin Brandenburg. As a member of the Oneworld global airline alliance, Air Berlin required airport facilities capable of meeting the demands of its connecting passengers that Tegel cannot provide. However, Air Berlin filed for insolvency on 15 August 2017 and was bought in large parts by Lufthansa on 12 October, ahead of its collapse on the 27th of that month. Lufthansa will not use BER as a hub because it is too small. With the expected opening of BER

text: prestigious lectures: The Academy's "Proceedings" have been variously titled throughout history: Today the BBAW's publications appear in a wide variety of established journals, as well as its own publications such as "Jahrbuch", "Berichte und Abhandlungen", "Debatten" and the journal "Gegenworte". Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities The Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities (), abbreviated BBAW, is the official academic society for the natural sciences and humanities for the German states of Berlin and Brandenburg. Housed in three locations in and around Berlin, Germany, the BBAW is the largest non-university humanities research institute in the region. The BBAW was constituted

title: Berlin Brandenburg Airport

text: year. There are concerns that the airport will have insufficient capacity upon opening and plans are already in place for expansion. It may be expanded by up to two satellite concourses, bringing the terminal capacity to 45 million with runways capable of accommodating 50 million passengers per year. The two satellites located on the apron parallel to the main pier and linked by tunnel, are included in the construction permit of Berlin Brandenburg Airport. This means they could be built at any time without further regulatory hurdles or the possibility of third-party objections. A possible third runway could be located

title: Football in Berlin

text: "Fan Mile" and takes place at the Brandenburg Gate every two years. Hertha BSC were founded on 25 July 1892 and were a founding member of the German Football Association (DFB) in 1900. Hertha won its only two German championships in 1930 and 1931, the latter being the last DFB league title won by a Berlin club. Hertha was the most successful club in the Brandenburg football championship (1892-1933), winning on 12 occasions, including seven consecutive titles between 1925 and 1931 and the last-ever season in 1932-33 before the league's abolition by the Nazi regime. The club was a founder

title: Berlin Brandenburg Airport

text: the quality of the connection to the railway network are the subject of public debate. The "Bürgerverein Brandenburg-Berlin e.V." represents local residents who protest an expansion of air traffic to and from the south of Berlin. Also, traffic and environmental experts criticise the late completion dates for the fast connection to the Berlin Hauptbahnhof. Still, Berlin Hauptbahnhof will be only a 30-minute journey with trains departing every 15 minutes upon inauguration. By 2020, this should be reduced to 20 minutes after reconstruction of the Dresdner bahn. Due to the rising passenger numbers at Berlin airports and delays to BER, concerns

title: Culture in Berlin

text: on huge video screens. The event is known as the "Fan Mile" and takes place at the Brandenburg Gate every two years. Several major clubs representing the most popular spectator sports in Germany have their base in Berlin. Culture in Berlin Berlin is recognized as a world city of culture and creative industries. Numerous cultural institutions, many of which enjoy international reputation are representing the diverse heritage of the city. Many young people, cultural entrepreneurs and international artists continue to settle in the city. Berlin has established itself as a popular entertainment center in Europe. The expanding cultural role of

text: and Berlin, became the "Evangelical Church in Berlin-Brandenburg". After 1945, the church covered only the territory still in Germany. From 1972 on this church body ran double administrative structures in West Berlin and East Berlin - also competent for Brandenburg - because the communist government of East Germany did not allow pastors and church functionaries to travel freely between East and West. The two church bodies reunited in 1991. In 1946 the Silesian ecclesiastical province, presided over by Ernst Hornig, held its first post-war provincial synod in then already Polish Świdnica (formerly Schweidnitz). But on 4 December 1946 Poland deported

text: province" of the "Evangelical Church of the old-Prussian Union" constituted as an independent church body named "Evangelical Church in Berlin-Brandenburg". The new constitution provided for a chairperson to bear the title bishop. West 1972 - 1991 (competent for West Berlin): East 1972 - 1991 (competent for East Berlin and Brandenburg): Reunited church body since 1991: On January 1, 2004 the church body merged with the "Evangelical Church of Silesian Upper Lusatia". The election of the synod ("Landessynode") is for six years. The synod meets each year in Berlin. The leader of the synod is called "Präses" (). Evangelical Church in

text: Prussian Palaces and Gardens Foundation Berlin-Brandenburg The Prussian Palaces and Gardens Foundation Berlin-Brandenburg () or SPSG, was founded by a treaty of 23 August 1994 between the German federal states of Berlin and Brandenburg as a public foundation following German reunification. The treaty came into force on 1 January 1995. The foundation is separate from the considerably larger Prussian Cultural Heritage Foundation ("Stiftung Preußischer Kulturbesitz"). The SPSG is an amalgamation of the Potsdam-Sanssouci State Palaces and Gardens ("Staatlichen Schlösser und Gärten Potsdam-Sanssouci") in the former East Germany and the State Palaces and Gardens Administration ("Verwaltung der Staatlichen Schlösser und Gärten")

title: Berlin Customs Wall

text: thus turning Berlin into a central transport hub for Prussia and the German Customs Union. With the rise of Berlin, new suburbs were built outside the Customs Wall, which increasingly became a hindrance to the continued development of the city. In 1860 the Customs Wall was removed and on 1 January 1861 Berlin amalgamated its suburbs resulting in a doubling of the city's population. The remaining walls were demolished for the most part between 1867 and 1870 - including most of the gates. Only some imposing gates were kept, the Brandenburg Gate being the only one to be rebuilt after

text: Brandenburg (). Until 1933/1934 the spiritual leaders of the Evangelical church were called general superintendents () with regional competences. The adulteration of the church constitution by the Nazi-submissive German Christians was accompanied by new titles (provincial bishop, ) with hierarchical supremacy over parishioners and church employees, and renamings (provosts instead of general superintendents). After 1945 the offices of general superintendents as spiritual leaders were reconstituted. The two ecclesiastical provinces assumed independence as the Evangelical Church of Silesia (as of 1947) and the Evangelical Church in Berlin-Brandenburg (as of 1948) when their respective provincial synods legislated new church constitutions. Both independent

title: Berlin Marathon

text: to the area of West Berlin. Only on 30 September 1990, were athletes able to run through the Brandenburg Gate and the unified city saw its first race running through both halves. It was reported that a great many of the runners had tears in their eyes as they ran through the gate. Nowadays, after leaving Brandenburg Gate, the course passes Charlottenburg, around Tiergarten, along Moabit and Mitte, and then south to Friedrichshain. After that, it winds west between Kreuzberg and Neukölln, through Schöneberg, over to Friedenau and Zehlendorf, before turning north back toward the city's center. Looping above Schöneberg,

text: Berlin (East). The general superintendency is seated in Potsdam. In 1963 the general superintendency of Eberswalde was partitioned from the Kurmark, renamed into Neuruppin on that occasion. In 1996 Eberswalde remerged in Neuruppin. In 2010 the general superintendency was dissolved and its area partitioned between Potsdam and Görlitz. In 1963 the Eberswalde district (Sprengel Eberswalde) was partitioned from the Kurmark. In 2003 the Evangelical Church of Silesian Upper Lusatia merged with the Evangelical Church in Berlin-Brandenburg, its region forms a unit within the merger called EKBO. In 1948 the first post-war elected provincial synod of the "March of Brandenburg ecclesiastical

title: Berlin Brandenburg Airport

text: as 2019 became too improbable. A new "TÜV" report published in November 2017 suggested that the opening could even be delayed until 2021. Berlin Brandenburg Airport is located just south of Berlin Schönefeld Airport, which opened as an airfield to accommodate the local Henschel aircraft plant on 15 October 1934. On 22 April 1945, Soviet troops occupied the airfield as part of the Battle of Berlin. In 1946, the headquarters of the Soviet Air Forces moved to Schönefeld from Johannisthal Air Field. During the following years Schönefeld Airport became the most important civilian airport in the newly-founded German Democratic Republic

title: Berlin Brandenburg Airport

text: cargo terminal. It includes a museum and a gift shop and is the only portion of the airport currently open to the public. FBB also offers guided tours of the airport which have grown in popularity since the delayed opening. The two large hangars at BER were to be used by Lufthansa and Air Berlin respectively. However, Air Berlin have ceased operations as of 28 October 2017. Both provide enough space for maintenance work on four to five narrow-body aircraft. The air transport wing of the German Defence Ministry ("Flugbereitschaft") responsible for government flights will move to Berlin Brandenburg Airport

title: History of Berlin

text: who were to turn Berlin into an industrial powerhouse. The old defensive walls and moats were now useless, so they were turned down. A new customs wall (the Zoll- und Akzisemauer) was built further out, punctuated by 14 ornate gates. Inside the gates were parade grounds for Friedrich Wilhelm’s soldiers: the Karree at the Brandenburg gate (now Pariserplatz), the Oktagon at the Potsdam gate (now Leipzigerplatz), the Wilhelmplatz on Wilhelmstrasse (abolished in the 1980s) and several others. In 1740, Frederick the Great (Frederick II) began his 46-year reign. He was an enlightened monarch, who patronized Enlightenment thinkers like Moses Mendelssohn.

title: Berlin Brandenburg Airport

text: construction flaws and increased expenses for soundproofing nearby homes. The series of delays in opening is expected to lead to a number of lawsuits against FBB, which may result in large-scale damage compensation for the affected airlines and airport businesses. Air Berlin already announced its intention of such a move. By late 2012 expenditures for Berlin Brandenburg Airport totalled €4.3 billion, nearly twice the originally anticipated figure. It became clear in November 2015 that the financial concept of the airport will remain fundamentally flawed. The main purpose of the many stores planned at the airport was to serve passengers who

title: Berlin Brandenburg Airport

text: of the runway beacon of the southern runway led to investigations concerning air traffic security. Since 2015, those two runways have been used to access the Schönefeld Airport. The northern position of the terminal makes for increased taxiing times when using the southern runway. The Deutsche Flugsicherung is responsible for air traffic control and apron control at Berlin Brandenburg Airport. At , the control tower is the third highest in Germany (only surpassed by Munich Airport and Düsseldorf Airport). On 25 March 2012, the new tower opened replacing the former facility at Schönefeld. Technical control (power supply & IT) went

title: Tiergarten, Berlin

text: Prussian generals, all of which were located in the ceremonial park facing the Reichstag before they were moved to their present location by the Nazis. In addition, the tree-lined pedestrian avenues emanating from the Victory Column contain several ceremonial sculptures of Prussian aristocrats enacting an 18th-century hunt. The Brandenburg Gate and the Potsdamer Platz are situated on the eastern rim of the locality, the former frontier between East and West Berlin. Nearby is the "Kulturforum" stretching from the Berliner Philharmonie, a 1963 concert hall by architect Hans Scharoun and home of the Berlin Philharmonic orchestra to the Neue Nationalgalerie built

title: Children's follow-up Clinic (Kindernachsorgeklinik) Berlin-Brandenburg

text: a capacity for 28 patients and 72 family members. The clinic is located in the Waldsiedlung, a district of Bernau near Berlin. The buildings belong to the East German government. Children's follow-up Clinic (Kindernachsorgeklinik) Berlin-Brandenburg The Children's Follow-up Clinic (Kindernachsorgeklinik) Berlin-Brandenburg gGmbH in Bernau bei Berlin is a non-profit family-oriented rehabilitation center for children with cancer and heart defects. This clinic was founded on 13 March 2009. The Children's Follow-up Clinic follows a family-oriented rehabilitation (FOR) concept which has been modelled after the "Nachsorgeklinik Tannheim". The clinic consists of four detached two-storey buildings, each with living units and a home

title: Brandenburg aktuell

text: Brandenburg aktuell Brandenburg aktuell is the television magazine of Rundfunk Berlin-Brandenburg (rbb) for the state of Brandenburg. The programme is broadcast daily on rbb Fernsehen at 7:30 p.m., while the viewers in Berlin receive the Abendschau. The magazine informs about political and cultural life in Brandenburg and provides background information on special events. Also the sport in Brandenburg as well as homeland stories from the country Brandenburg are topics of the show. In the early years there were also world news in "Brandenburg aktuell", but these were abolished in 2000 when ORB Fernsehen began to take over the Tagesschau from