query: When was the telephone invented?

title: Telephone

text: the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) in March 1876. The Bell patents were forensically victorious and commercially decisive. That first patent by Bell was the "master patent" of the telephone, from which other patents for electric telephone devices and features flowed. In 1876, shortly after the telephone was invented, Hungarian engineer Tivadar Puskás invented the telephone switch, which allowed for the formation of telephone exchanges, and eventually networks. Early telephones were technically diverse. Some used a water microphone, some had a metal diaphragm that induced current in an electromagnet wound around a permanent magnet, and some were dynamic

title: Elisha Gray and Alexander Bell telephone controversy

text: used liquid transmitters extensively from the time of his first electrical experiments in England in 1867 (in which he improved on the tuning fork sounder invented by Helmholtz that send musical tones over a wire using a liquid transmitter.) For some examples of these transmitters, see Figures 3, 4a, 4b, and 5 above, as well as the drawings for Bell's 1875 patent, 6a and 6b. After March 1876, Bell focused on improving the electromagnetic telephone and never used Gray's liquid transmitter in public demonstrations or commercial use. When Gray applied for a patent for the variable resistance telephone transmitter, Burton

title: Invention of the telephone

text: useful and widespread apparatus it is now. The telephone exchange was an idea of the Hungarian engineer Tivadar Puskás (1844–1893) in 1876, while he was working for Thomas Edison on a telegraph exchange. Puskás was working on his idea for an electrical telegraph exchange when Alexander Graham Bell received the first patent for the telephone. This caused Puskás to take a fresh look at his own work and he refocused on perfecting a design for a telephone exchange. He then got in touch with the U.S. inventor Thomas Edison who liked the design. According to Edison, "Tivadar Puskas was the

title: Telephone

text: Telephone A telephone, or phone, is a telecommunications device that permits two or more users to conduct a conversation when they are too far apart to be heard directly. A telephone converts sound, typically and most efficiently the human voice, into electronic signals that are transmitted via cables and other communication channels to another telephone which reproduces the sound to the receiving user. In 1876, Scottish emigrant Alexander Graham Bell was the first to be granted a United States patent for a device that produced clearly intelligible replication of the human voice. This instrument was further developed by many others.

title: Invention of the telephone

text: Bell on January 30, 1877. The sounds were weak and could only be heard when the ear was close to the earphone/mouthpiece, but they were distinct. The first long distance telephone call was made on August 10, 1876, by Bell from the family homestead in Brantford, Ontario, to his assistant located in Paris, Ontario, some 10 miles (16 km) apart. Bell exhibited a working telephone at the Centennial Exhibition in Philadelphia in June 1876, where it attracted the attention of Brazilian emperor Pedro II plus the physicist and engineer Sir William Thomson (who would later be ennobled as the 1st

title: Invention of the telephone

text: which a successful business could be built and grow. Bell adopted carbon transmitters similar to Edison's transmitters and adapted telephone exchanges and switching plug boards developed for telegraphy. Watson and other Bell engineers invented numerous other improvements to telephony. Bell succeeded where others failed to assemble a commercially viable telephone system. It can be argued that Bell invented the telephone industry. Bell's first intelligible voice transmission over an electric wire was named an IEEE Milestone. Elisha Gray recognized the lack of fidelity of the make-break transmitter of Reis and Bourseul and reasoned by analogy with the lover's telegraph, that if

title: Telephone call

text: was something he invented by mistake and saw it as a distraction from his main studies. A telephone call may carry ordinary voice transmission using a telephone, data transmission when the calling party and called party are using modems, or facsimile transmission when they are using fax machines. The call may use land line, mobile phone, satellite phone or any combination thereof. When a telephone call has more than one called party it is referred to as a conference call. When two or more users of the network are sharing the same physical line, it is called a party line

title: Invention of the telephone

text: Invention of the telephone The invention of the telephone was the culmination of work done by many individuals, and led to an array of lawsuits relating to the patent claims of several individuals and numerous companies. The first telephone was invented by Antonio Meucci, but Alexander Graham Bell is credited with the development of the first practical telephone. The concept of the telephone dates back to the string telephone or lover's telephone that has been known for centuries, comprising two diaphragms connected by a taut string or wire. Sound waves are carried as mechanical vibrations along the string or wire

title: Invention of the telephone

title: Invention of the telephone

text: from one diaphragm to the other. The classic example is the tin can telephone, a children's toy made by connecting the two ends of a string to the bottoms of two metal cans, paper cups or similar items. The essential idea of this toy was that a diaphragm can collect voice sounds from the air, as in the ear, and a string or wire can transmit such collected voice sounds for reproduction at a distance. One precursor to the development of the electromagnetic telephone originated in 1833 when Carl Friedrich Gauss and Wilhelm Eduard Weber invented an electromagnetic device for

title: History of the telephone

text: recognized by the U.S. House of Representatives for his contributory work on the telephone. Several other controversies also surround the question of priority of invention for the telephone. The Elisha Gray and Alexander Bell telephone controversy considers the question of whether Bell and Gray invented the telephone independently and, if not, whether Bell stole the invention from Gray. This controversy is narrower than the broader question of who deserves credit for inventing the telephone, for which there are several claimants. The Canadian Parliamentary Motion on Alexander Graham Bell article reviews the controversial June 2002 United States House of Representatives resolution

title: Telephone switchboard

text: Telephone switchboard A telephone switchboard is a telecommunications system used in the public switched telephone network or in enterprises to interconnect circuits of telephones to establish telephone calls between the subscribers or users, or between other exchanges. The switchboard was an essential component of a manual telephone exchange, and was operated by switchboard operators who used electrical cords or switches to establish the connections. The electromechanical automatic telephone exchange, invented by Almon Strowger in 1888, gradually replaced manual switchboards in central telephone exchanges around the world. In 1919, the Bell System in Canada also adopted automatic switching as its future

title: Trimline telephone

text: the dial from the telephone's base to the underside of the handset, between the earpiece and mouthpiece. The same concept was later used for cellular telephone and cordless telephone models. To miniaturize the rotary dial sufficiently to fit in the Trimline handset, the designers invented an unusual moving fingerstop. Like in the Princess line, the dial was lit when the handset was removed from the base. The Trimline was also one of the first phones to use the predecessor of the now-ubiquitous RJ11 modular phone plug and jack. First introduced in 1965, the Trimline included a lighted dial and was

title: Telephone switchboard

text: the terminating or B board sends normal polarity or reverse polarity. This "reverse battery" signaling was carried over to later automatic exchanges. Telephone switchboard A telephone switchboard is a telecommunications system used in the public switched telephone network or in enterprises to interconnect circuits of telephones to establish telephone calls between the subscribers or users, or between other exchanges. The switchboard was an essential component of a manual telephone exchange, and was operated by switchboard operators who used electrical cords or switches to establish the connections. The electromechanical automatic telephone exchange, invented by Almon Strowger in 1888, gradually replaced manual

title: Francis Blake (telephone)

text: Francis Blake (telephone) Francis Blake, Jr. (1850 – 1913) was born in Needham, Massachusetts, the son of Caroline Burling (Trumbull) and Francis Blake, Sr. and died in Weston, Massachusetts. In 1877 Francis Blake invented a carbon microphone for use in the telephone, and patented it before Thomas Edison invented a similar microphone that also used carbon contacts. Blake used a carbon button design that initially would not stay in adjustment, but with later improvements proved to be workable. Alexander Graham Bell hired Blake and put him to work with Emile Berliner who also invented a carbon microphone. The improved Berliner-Blake

title: Cordless telephone

text: conversations. In 1995, digital spread spectrum (DSS) was introduced for cordless phones. This technology enabled the digital information to spread in pieces among multiple frequencies between the receiver and the base, thereby making it almost impossible to eavesdrop on the cordless conversations. Unlike a corded telephone, a cordless telephone needs mains electricity to power the base station. The cordless handset is powered by a rechargeable battery, which is charged when the handset is stored in its cradle. A jazz musician named Teri Pall invented a version of the cordless phone in 1965 but could not market her invention, as its

title: Tucker Telephone

text: Tucker Telephone The Tucker Telephone is a torture device designed using parts from an old-fashioned crank telephone. The electric generator of the telephone is wired in sequence to two dry cell batteries so that the instrument can be used to administer electric shocks to another person. The Tucker Telephone was invented by Dr. A. E. Rollins, the resident physician at the Tucker State Prison Farm, Arkansas, in the 1960s. At the Tucker State Prison Farm, an inmate would be taken to the "hospital room" where he was most likely restrained to an examining table and two wires would be applied

title: Invented here

text: employees. One quotation that sums up the philosophy of "Invented Here" is "Gee, it can't be worth much if someone local thought of it first." Invented here Invented here is an opposite of "not invented here" and occurs when management of an organisation is uncomfortable with innovation or development conducted in-house. Reasons this might be the case are varied, and range from a lack of confidence in the staff within the organisation to a desire to have a third party to blame in the event that a project fails. One effect of this version of "invented here" is that detailed

title: Reis telephone

text: a translation of which was obtained by Thomas Edison in 1875 and which was used in Edison's successful development of the carbon microphone. The Legat account included drawings that are different from that below, suggesting that it is of a later version. Edison acknowledged his debt to Reis thus: The first inventor of a telephone was Phillip Reis of Germany only musical not articulating. The first person to publicly exhibit a telephone for transmission of articulate speech was A. G. Bell. The first practical commercial telephone for transmission of articulate speech was invented by myself. Telephones used throughout the world

title: Rochester Telephone Corporation

text: Bell invented the telephone in 1875, and the following year he patented it and exhibited his device to great acclaim at the Philadelphia Centennial Exhibition. By July 1877, the telephone had made its way to Rochester, New York, where a line was strung between the offices of the Phillips Coal Company and its coal yards a mile and a half away. Following this precedent, in 1879, Rochester established two telephone companies, one a franchise of the American Bell Telephone Company, and one a part of the Edison company. The Bell affiliate, called the Rochester Telephonic Exchange, was a branch of

title: Invented here

text: Invented here Invented here is an opposite of "not invented here" and occurs when management of an organisation is uncomfortable with innovation or development conducted in-house. Reasons this might be the case are varied, and range from a lack of confidence in the staff within the organisation to a desire to have a third party to blame in the event that a project fails. One effect of this version of "invented here" is that detailed knowledge of the innovation or development never passes to permanent employees, resulting in recurring additional expenditure and a lack of goodwill and bankable experience by

title: Telephone Historical Centre

text: a large collection of original telephones from as early as 1878, two years after the telephone was invented. The museum also contains replicas of several early telephones including Alexander Graham Bell’s Gallows Frame Telephone, Thomas A. Watson’s Thumper Phone, and the first phone imported into Edmonton by Dominion Telegraph Agent Alexander Taylor. Exhibits include a manual telephone switchboard, a Step-by-Step private automatic branch exchange (demonstrating the stepping switch principle), and a phone booth from the 1930s. A mobile-telephone exhibit traces the changes in mobile phone technology from 1980s car phones to current cellular phones. Other exhibits allow visitors to learn

title: When Will You (Make My Telephone Ring)

text: Ross, except where noted: When Will You (Make My Telephone Ring) "When Will You (Make My Telephone Ring)" is a single released by the Scottish group Deacon Blue in 1987 and in 1988. The song features prominent backing vocals from members of R&B group Londonbeat. It was the very first song to be played on Radio Luxembourg after it went satellite at 3AM on 30 December 1991. The video for the song was directed by John Scarlett-Davis and produced by Nick Verden for Radar Films. In an interview given to the "Daily Record" in 2012, songwriter Ricky Ross explained that

title: When Will You (Make My Telephone Ring)

text: When Will You (Make My Telephone Ring) "When Will You (Make My Telephone Ring)" is a single released by the Scottish group Deacon Blue in 1987 and in 1988. The song features prominent backing vocals from members of R&B group Londonbeat. It was the very first song to be played on Radio Luxembourg after it went satellite at 3AM on 30 December 1991. The video for the song was directed by John Scarlett-Davis and produced by Nick Verden for Radar Films. In an interview given to the "Daily Record" in 2012, songwriter Ricky Ross explained that "It’s so hard to

title: When I Was Young (song)

text: Named Sandoz" is named after the drug company that invented LSD. Later it was used for a German TV commercial. In the early 1980s Burdon began to mention many stars who died at the end of the song. When I Was Young (song) "When I Was Young" is a song with a countercultural theme released in early 1967 by Eric Burdon, with The Animals and was written by five of the band members Eric Burdon (vocals), Barry Jenkins (drums), John Weider (guitar/violin), Vic Briggs (guitar), and Danny McCulloch (bass). It charted in Australia peaking No. 2 and stayed 4 weeks

title: Condenser telephone

text: were quickly converted to two wire telephone circuits, but in many cases the cost could not be justified. A method was invented whereby a telephone circuit could be established using the one wire and earth return method similar to the telegraph circuit method. The telegraph could be retained as this was still accepted as the basic method for transferring simple data someone similar to SMS text messages versus voice calls today. One wire circuits were typically called earth return circuits, or sometimes 'non metallic' and two wire were also referred to as 'metallic circuits'. Metallic referring to a total metal

title: We Invented the Remix

text: album on sale or at a comparable price it's just not a good investment. The only thing P. Diddy "Invented" here was a mediocre album." We Invented the Remix We Invented the Remix is a remix album by P. Diddy and The Bad Boy Family, released on May 14, 2002. It features remixes of hit singles by artists from P. Diddy's Bad Boy Records record label. The album reached number one of the U.S. "Billboard" 200 albums chart for a week and was later certified Platinum for shipments of over one million copies. The album also reached number 17 on

title: Invention of the telephone

text: Company, and the results were covered up by STC's chairman Sir Frank Gill to maintain Bell's reputation. An early voice communicating device was invented around 1854 by Antonio Meucci, who called it a "telettrofono". In 1871 Meucci filed a caveat at the US Patent Office. His caveat describes his invention, but does not mention a diaphragm, electromagnet, conversion of sound into electrical waves, conversion of electrical waves into sound, or other essential features of an electromagnetic telephone. The first American demonstration of Meucci's invention took place in Staten Island, New York in 1854. In 1861, a description of it was

title: The Man Who Invented Christmas (film)

text: The Man Who Invented Christmas (film) The Man Who Invented Christmas is a 2017 biographical drama film directed by Bharat Nalluri and written by Susan Coyne based on the book of the same name by Les Standiford. It stars Dan Stevens, Christopher Plummer, and Jonathan Pryce. The plot follows Charles Dickens (Stevens) at the time when he wrote "A Christmas Carol", and how Dickens' fictional character Ebenezer Scrooge (Plummer) was influenced by his real-life father, John Dickens (Pryce). It was released by Bleecker Street in the United States on 22 November 2017 and in the United Kingdom on 1 December

title: History of the telephone

text: however, when the first telephone directory was published by the company, fifty subscribers were listed. Most of these were businesses and listings such as physicians, the police, and the post office; only eleven residences were listed, four of which were for persons associated with the company. The New Haven District Telephone Company grew quickly and was reorganized several times in its first years. By 1880, the company had the right from the Bell Telephone Company to service all of Connecticut and western Massachusetts. As it expanded, the company was first renamed Connecticut Telephone, and then Southern New England Telephone in

title: The Telephone

text: a trip. Despite his attempts to get her attention for sufficient time to ask his question, Lucy is occupied with interminable conversations on the telephone. Between her calls, when Lucy leaves the room, Ben even takes the risk of trying to cut the telephone cord, though his attempt is unsuccessful. Not wanting to miss his train, Ben leaves without asking Lucy for her hand in marriage. But Ben makes one last attempt: He calls Lucy from a telephone booth outside on the street and makes his proposal. She consents, and the two join in a romantic duet over the phone

title: Invented (album)

text: think it's our best work so far. I have little complaints about it." On August 10, 2010, "My Best Theory" was released as a single, and released to radio on August 17. "Invented " was released on September 28 through Interscope Records. Upon release, "Invented" included four individual pictures, designed to look like instant camera photographs, outwith the album's standard CD artwork. "Coffee and Cigarettes" was released to radio on November 23. In May and June 2011, the group went on a headlining tour of the US. Following this, the group appeared at Glastonbury Festival in the UK. "Invented" received

title: Invented (album)

text: during its opening week, and debuted at number five on the "Billboard" Rock Albums chart and number eleven on the "Billboard" 200. All songs written and composed by Jimmy Eat World. The following personnel contributed to "Invented": Invented (album) Invented is the seventh studio album by American rock band Jimmy Eat World, released on September 28, 2010 through Interscope Records. Recorded primarily at the band's home-based studio, the album was co-produced by Mark Trombino, who had previously worked on the band's earlier material; "Static Prevails" (1996), "Clarity" (1999) and "Bleed American" (2001). The album was preceded by the single "My

title: We Invented the Remix

text: We Invented the Remix We Invented the Remix is a remix album by P. Diddy and The Bad Boy Family, released on May 14, 2002. It features remixes of hit singles by artists from P. Diddy's Bad Boy Records record label. The album reached number one of the U.S. "Billboard" 200 albums chart for a week and was later certified Platinum for shipments of over one million copies. The album also reached number 17 on the UK Albums Chart. The album featured the hit singles "I Need a Girl (Part 1)", which reached number two in the U.S., and "I

title: Invented (album)

text: swallowed by impactful percussion that are engulfed by storm clouds of dynamic guitar work and melody." Kyle Ryan of "The A.V. Club" was also favorable in his review and gave the album a "B+" grade. He wrote, "songs boast huge-sounding guitars, like “Evidence,” “Invented,” and “My Best Theory,” whose thick fuzz recalls Smashing Pumpkins. But the seven-minute “Invented” spends more time exploring a sparser mood, as does the six-minute-plus closer, “Mixtape”. In the end, Jimmy Eat World strikes a balance between its basics (big guitars and catchy sing-alongs) and the musical growth of the past 16 years. "Invented" is less

text: as Wilber, and Jason Ritter as Elisha Gray. This reenactment claimed that Alexander Graham Bell definitely stole the necessary knowledge from the examiner Wilber, and that Graham Bell was a villain who stole all of the glory whilst Gray was the real inventor. None of the vagaries of this controversy were discussed in any depth. Elisha Gray and Alexander Bell telephone controversy The Elisha Gray and Alexander Graham Bell controversy concerns the question of whether Gray and Bell invented the telephone independently. This issue is narrower than the question of who deserves credit for inventing the telephone, for which there

title: Woodbury Telephone

text: SNET, the company had 19,000 lines. Woodbury Telephone The Woodbury Telephone Company was a telephone company that served the Connecticut towns of Woodbury, Southbury, Bethlehem, and parts of Roxbury and Oxford. In 1997, Woodbury Telephone was acquired by Southern New England Telecommunications. In 1998, SNET merged with SBC Communications and Woodbury Telephone, the 75th largest independent telephone carrier in the United States, continued as a separate operating company under Southern New England Telephone. On June 1, 2007, the company was dissolved and merged all assets and operations into Southern New England Telephone. Woodbury Telephone began operation in the 1870s when

title: Woodbury Telephone

text: Woodbury Telephone The Woodbury Telephone Company was a telephone company that served the Connecticut towns of Woodbury, Southbury, Bethlehem, and parts of Roxbury and Oxford. In 1997, Woodbury Telephone was acquired by Southern New England Telecommunications. In 1998, SNET merged with SBC Communications and Woodbury Telephone, the 75th largest independent telephone carrier in the United States, continued as a separate operating company under Southern New England Telephone. On June 1, 2007, the company was dissolved and merged all assets and operations into Southern New England Telephone. Woodbury Telephone began operation in the 1870s when a local businessman, Mr. Charles A.

title: Telephone hook

text: Telephone hook A telephone hook or switchhook is an electrical switch which indicates when the phone is hung up, often with a lever or magnetic button inside the cradle or base where a telephone handset resides. It takes its name from old wooden wall telephones and candlestick telephones, where the mouthpiece was mounted on the telephone box and, due to sidetone considerations, the receiver was separate, on a cable. When the telephone was not in use, the receiver was hung on a spring-loaded hook; its weight would cause the hook to swing down and open an electrical contact, disconnecting something,

text: Elisha Gray and Alexander Bell telephone controversy The Elisha Gray and Alexander Graham Bell controversy concerns the question of whether Gray and Bell invented the telephone independently. This issue is narrower than the question of who deserves credit for inventing the telephone, for which there are several claimants. At issue are roles of each inventor's lawyers, the filing of patent documents, and allegations of theft. Alexander Graham Bell was a professor of elocution at Boston University and tutor of deaf children. He had begun electrical experiments in Scotland in 1867 and, after emigrating to Boston, pursued research into a method

title: Telephone number

text: letters of the alphabet in leading positions when telephone exchange names were in common use until the 1960s. Telephone numbers are often dialed in conjunction with other signaling code sequences, such as vertical service codes, to invoke special telephone service features. When telephone numbers were first used they were very short, from one to three digits, and were communicated orally to a switchboard operator when initiating a call. As telephone systems have grown and interconnected to encompass worldwide communication, telephone numbers have become longer. In addition to telephones, they have been used to access other devices, such as computer modems,

title: History of the telephone

text: wire (and not by a modulated electric current). The classic example is the children's toy made by connecting the bottoms of two paper cups, metal cans, or plastic bottles with tautly held string. Among the earliest known experiments were those conducted by the British physicist and polymath Robert Hooke from 1664 to 1685. An acoustic string phone made in 1667 is attributed to him. For a few years in the late 1800s, acoustic telephones were marketed commercially as a niche competitor to the electrical telephone. When the Bell telephone patents expired and many new telephone manufacturers began competing, acoustic telephone

title: Telephone

text: The telephone was the first device in history that enabled people to talk directly with each other across large distances. Telephones rapidly became indispensable to businesses, government and households and are today some of the most widely used small appliances. The essential elements of a telephone are a microphone ("transmitter") to speak into and an earphone ("receiver") which reproduces the voice in a distant location. In addition, most telephones contain a "ringer" to announce an incoming telephone call, and a dial or keypad to enter a telephone number when initiating a call to another telephone. The receiver and transmitter are

title: Telephone token

text: well. Telephone token Telephone tokens were a once widespread medium of exchange for people wanting to talk on public phones with someone before there were telephone cards to collect and use. These tokens were once widely used in Europe, Israel, Japan, and South America. Phone tokens started in Chicago, where public phones would accept only tokens. These were used in the U.S. until 1944 when they were eliminated and most of the tokens were melted down to make shell casings. The earliest-known telephone token dates from 1885, when it was produced for the PAN Telephone Company in Saint Louis, Missouri.

title: Telephone token

text: Telephone token Telephone tokens were a once widespread medium of exchange for people wanting to talk on public phones with someone before there were telephone cards to collect and use. These tokens were once widely used in Europe, Israel, Japan, and South America. Phone tokens started in Chicago, where public phones would accept only tokens. These were used in the U.S. until 1944 when they were eliminated and most of the tokens were melted down to make shell casings. The earliest-known telephone token dates from 1885, when it was produced for the PAN Telephone Company in Saint Louis, Missouri. Rather

title: When Will You (Make My Telephone Ring)

text: remember. I think that song is actually about waiting to be discovered, spurred on by the unrequited love of an old girlfriend". "When Will You (Make My Telephone Ring)" has been officially released as a single twice. It was first released in August 1987 as the third single from Deacon Blue's first album "Raintown". It peaked at No. 86 in the UK Singles Chart. After sales of "Raintown" began to increase, the single was re-released in March 1988, following a second release of the first single "Dignity". This single was more successful, peaking at #34. All songs written by Ricky

title: The Telephone Call

text: original album version of 'The Telephone Call' is absent, replaced by the shorter and subtly-different 7-inch single mix. As a replacement for the latter part of the original album track (which contained telephone sounds and operator voices), the remix "House Phone" was inserted. However, when the remastered album was originally issued in 2004 as part of the promotional version of The Catalogue, the original album version was featured and "House Phone" was not, as the album featured its original 6 tracks with no bonuses. The promo copies of the box set containing the earlier remaster of "Techno Pop" were subsequently

title: Telephone tapping

text: call. Now that many exchanges have been converted to digital technology, tapping is far simpler and can be ordered remotely by computer. This central office switch wiretapping technology using the Advanced Intelligent Network (AIN) was invented by Wayne Howe and Dale Malik at BellSouth's Advanced Technology R&D group in 1995 and was issued as US Patent #5,590,171. Telephone services provided by cable TV companies also use digital switching technology. If the tap is implemented at a digital switch, the switching computer simply copies the digitized bits that represent the phone conversation to a second line and it is impossible to

title: Telephone

text: to the line. Exchange circuitry (D2) can send an AC current down the line to activate the ringer and announce an incoming call. When there is no automatic exchange, telephones have hand-cranked magnetos to generate a ringing voltage back to the exchange or any other telephone on the same line. When a landline telephone is inactive (on hook), the circuitry at the telephone exchange detects the absence of direct current to indicate that the line is not in use. When a party initiates a call to this line, the exchange sends the ringing signal. When the called party picks up

title: Telephone numbers in the Netherlands

text: Telephone numbers in the Netherlands Telephone numbers in the Netherlands are administered by the Ministry of Economic Affairs, Agriculture and Innovation of the Netherlands and may be grouped into three general categories: geographical numbers, non-geographical numbers, and numbers for public services. Geographical telephone numbers are sequences of 9 digits (0-9) and consist of an area code of two or three digits and a subscriber number of seven or six digits, respectively. When dialled within the country, the number must be prefixed with the trunk access code 0, identifying a destination telephone line in the Dutch telephone network. Non-geographical numbers have

title: Invented (album)

text: Invented (album) Invented is the seventh studio album by American rock band Jimmy Eat World, released on September 28, 2010 through Interscope Records. Recorded primarily at the band's home-based studio, the album was co-produced by Mark Trombino, who had previously worked on the band's earlier material; "Static Prevails" (1996), "Clarity" (1999) and "Bleed American" (2001). The album was preceded by the single "My Best Theory", released on digital download on August 10, 2010. Lyrically influenced by the photographic works of Cindy Sherman and Hannah Starkey, vocalist, guitarist and lyricist Jim Adkins states that each song is its own "closed narrative,"

title: Telephone keypad

text: Telephone keypad A telephone keypad is the keypad installed on a push-button telephone or similar telecommunication device for dialing a telephone number. It was standardized when the dual-tone multi-frequency signaling (DTMF) system was developed in the Bell System in the United States in the 1960s that replaced rotary dialing originally developed in electromechanical switching systems. Because of the installed abundance of rotary dial equipment well into the 1990s, many telephone keypads were also designed to produce loop-disconnect pulses electronically, and some could be optionally switched to produce either DTMF or pulses. The development of the modern telephone keypad is attributed

title: Not invented here

text: series of projects to update the GNOME desktop in the early 2000s. The similar term "Invented Here, But Let's Reinvent It Anyway" (IHBLRIA) was coined by Alex Papadimoulis in an article for The Daily WTF in 2004. Not invented here Not invented here (NIH) is a stance adopted by social, corporate, or institutional cultures that avoid using or buying already existing products, research, standards, or knowledge because of their external origins and costs, such as royalties. Research illustrates a strong bias against ideas from the outside. The reasons for not wanting to use the work of others are varied, but

title: I Invented Sex

text: Invented Sex" was sung at the 2010 BET Honors on February 1, 2010. He performed the song once again on "106 & Park" on February 11, 2010 for "Love Week" with a medley of "Neighbors Know My Name", and "Say Aah". He again performed it in March 2010 at MTV's Spring Break 2010, in Acapulco, Mexico. Keri Hilson and Usher joined Songz to perform the official remix at WHTA's Jingle Ball in December 2009. Source I Invented Sex "I Invented Sex" is a song by American R&B singer Trey Songz, and features Canadian recording artist Drake. Together, they wrote the

title: Telephone (sternwheeler)

text: alone, "Telephone No. 2" made 312 round trips on this route, steaming a total of 65,920 miles and making 12,731 landings. The fast steamer "Hassalo" was one of "Telephone No. 2"s chief competitors in the 1890s on the Astoria route. Prior to March 1892, "Telephone" was being operated in conjunction with the Union Pacific railroad. "Telephone" had been laid up for repairs, during which time it was replaced by the "Harvest Queen". When "Telephone" was returned to the Astoria route, the understanding with the Union Pacific had ended. In March 1892, it was expected that six steamers would soon be

title: Telephone hybrid

text: Telephone hybrid A telephone hybrid is the component at the ends of a subscriber line of the public switched telephone network (PSTN) that converts between two-wire and four-wire forms of bidirectional audio paths. When used in broadcast facilities to enable the airing of telephone callers, the broadcast-quality telephone hybrid is known as a broadcast telephone hybrid or telephone balance unit. The need for hybrids comes from the nature of analog plain old telephone service home or small business telephone lines, where the two audio directions are combined on a single two-wire pair. Within the telephone network, switching and transmission are

title: The Telephone Cases

text: The Telephone Cases The Telephone Cases, 126 U.S. 1 (1888), were a series of U.S. court cases in the 1870s and 1880s related to the invention of the telephone, which culminated in the 1888 decision of the United States Supreme Court upholding the priority of the patents belonging to Alexander Graham Bell. Those telephone patents were relied on by the American Bell Telephone Company and the Bell System—although they had also acquired critical microphone patents from Emile Berliner. The objector (or plaintiff) in the notable Supreme Court case was initially the Western Union telegraph company, which was at the time

title: Telephone hybrid

text: bandwidths up to 20 kHz can be achieved this way. Compression is often via MPEG MP3 or AAC. Autopatches are telephone hybrids used by amateur radio operators to interface their radio equipment with telephone lines. Telephone hybrid A telephone hybrid is the component at the ends of a subscriber line of the public switched telephone network (PSTN) that converts between two-wire and four-wire forms of bidirectional audio paths. When used in broadcast facilities to enable the airing of telephone callers, the broadcast-quality telephone hybrid is known as a broadcast telephone hybrid or telephone balance unit. The need for hybrids comes

title: I Invented Sex

text: I Invented Sex "I Invented Sex" is a song by American R&B singer Trey Songz, and features Canadian recording artist Drake. Together, they wrote the song alongside Tony Scales and its producer, Los Da Mystro. It was released to urban airplay as the third single from Songz's third studio album "Ready" on October 13, 2009. The song features a sensual message, accompanied by heavy percussion. "I Invented Sex" received positive reviews, and reached number forty-two on the "Billboard" Hot 100, and became Songz's first song to top the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart. Its official remix features fellow R&B singers Keri

title: Candlestick telephone

text: Candlestick telephone The candlestick telephone is a style of telephone that was common from the late 1890s to the 1940s. A candlestick telephone is also often referred to as a desk stand, an upright, or a stick phone. Candlestick telephones featured a mouth piece (transmitter) mounted at the top of the stand, and a receiver (ear phone) that was held by the user to the ear during a call. When the telephone was not in use, the receiver rested in the fork of the switch hook protruding to the side of the stand, thereby disconnecting the audio circuit from the

title: W48 (telephone)

text: W48 (telephone) The W48 (from ) was a version of a desktop telephone lineage developed in the mid-1930s in Germany by Siemens & Halske for the German telephone and postal administration. The W48 was approved by the Deutsche Bundespost for use on the German telephone network in 1948. Various manufacturers were licensed to produce the large quantities of this type until ca. 1961, when it was replaced with the FeTAp 611. Because of its former ubiquity, robustness, and elegant industrial design it is regarded in Germany as "the classic telephone". It is still produced in small quantities using the original

title: Telephone (sternwheeler)

text: region at Kalama, W.T. "Telephone" was able to hold to the five hour running time even in adverse conditions, such as fog on the river, incoming tides, and wind blowing against the steamer’s run, even when all three were combined. "Telephone No. 1" was one of the fastest steamers on the Columbia River Indeed, "Telephone" was reputed to have been "the fastest sternwheeler in the world." "Telephone No. 1" replaced the propeller-driven steamer "Fleetwood", itself considered a speedy vessel, on the Portland-Astoria run. On one of its first runs to Astoria from Portland, "Telephone No. 1" made the round trip

title: I Invented Sex

text: Hilson and Usher. The accompanying music video, containing a parental advisory warning, is the follow-up to the "Say Aah" video. When speaking about the record with "MTV News", Songz said, "It's a groove record. It's got that knock at the same time. It's sexy at the same time. Conceptually, it's mind-blowing to tell a woman, 'You gonna think we invented sex when we're done.' That's where I am." The song was recorded at 11th Street Studios in Atlanta, Georgia. The official remix of the song features fellow American R&B singers Usher and Keri Hilson. Another remix features Willie Taylor of

text: and the water transmitter idea to Bell's attorney before Gray's caveat and Bell's application were filed. It was Baldwin who advised Gray to abandon his caveat and not turn it into a patent application, because, Baldwin said, Bell had invented the telephone before Gray and Bell's application was notarized before Gray began his caveat. Baldwin urged Gray to write a letter to Bell congratulating him on his new telephone invention and "I do not claim even the credit of inventing it...”. Baldwin also failed to represent Gray's interests in the Dowd case. Baldwin was on the payroll of the Bell

title: The Man Who Invented Christmas (film)

text: with an average rating of 6.3/10. The website's critical consensus reads, ""The Man Who Invented Christmas" adds holiday magic to the writing of "A Christmas Carol", putting a sweetly revisionist spin on the story behind a classic yuletide tale." On Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating to reviews, the film has a weighted average score 60 out of 100, based 32 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews". The Man Who Invented Christmas (film) The Man Who Invented Christmas is a 2017 biographical drama film directed by Bharat Nalluri and written by Susan Coyne based on the book of the same

title: Telephone keypad

text: the Palm Treo and BlackBerry, have full alphanumeric keyboards instead of the traditional telephone keypads, the user must execute additional steps to dial a number containing convenience letters. On certain BlackBerry devices, a user can press the Alt key, followed by the desired letter, and the device will generate the appropriate DTMF tone. Telephone keypad A telephone keypad is the keypad installed on a push-button telephone or similar telecommunication device for dialing a telephone number. It was standardized when the dual-tone multi-frequency signaling (DTMF) system was developed in the Bell System in the United States in the 1960s that replaced

title: Rochester Telephone Corporation

text: citizens a desire for a locally owned telephone company. When the Bell Company's patents expired in 1893, many competing telephone enterprises sprung up. In early 1899, a group of Rochester businessmen joined this movement when they founded the Home Telephone Company. By the end of the year, the company's name had been changed to Rochester Telephone Company. The upstart company drummed up about 1500 subscribers for its services and presented a petition to the Rochester City Council for a franchise, which was approved in April 1899. On May 13, 1900, Rochester Telephone inaugurated service to about 1,800 customers. Steady expansion

title: History of the telephone

text: the International Bell Telephone Company (a U.S. multinational), town and village co-operatives, the General Telephone Company of Stockholm (a Swedish private company), and the Swedish Telegraph Department (part of the Swedish government). Since Stockholm consists of islands, telephone service offered relatively large advantages, but had to use submarine cables extensively. Competition between Bell Telephone and General Telephone, and later between General Telephone and the Swedish Telegraph Dept., was intense. In 1893, the U.S. was considerably behind Sweden, New Zealand, Switzerland, and Norway in teledensity. The U.S. became the world leadership in teledensity with the rise of many independent telephone companies

title: Candlestick telephone

text: candlestick telephone was the Western Electric #20B Desk Phone patented in 1904. In the 1920s and 1930s, telephone technology shifted to the design of more efficient desk top telephones that featured a handset with receiver and transmitter elements in one unit, making the use of a telephone more convenient. However, despite ceasing new production, many candlestick telephones remained in operation, maintained by the telephone companies, throughout the 1940s and into the 1950s. Many retro-style versions of the candlestick telephone were made long after the original phones were obsolete by companies such as Radio Shack and the Crosley Radio company. When

title: Lobster Telephone

text: Lobster Telephone Lobster Telephone (also known as Aphrodisiac Telephone) is a Surrealist object, created by Salvador Dalí in 1936 for the English poet Edward James (1907–1984), a leading collector of surrealist art. In his book "The Secret Life", Dalí wrote teasingly of his demand to know why, when he asked for a grilled lobster in a restaurant, he was never presented with a boiled telephone. The work is a composite of an ordinary working telephone and a lobster made of plaster. It is approximately 15 × 30 × 17 cm (6 × 12 × 6.6 inches) in size. This is

title: Telephone

text: term for a telephone. The slang came from the Royal Naval ships prior to telephones. Communication was direct, through a voice pipe. The pipe had a whistle inserted at each end. When a message was to be passed, the caller would remove the whistle at his end, place his mouth into the cavity, sealing it. He would then blow hard. The whistle at the other end would attract the man on watch. He would remove his whistle and call into the pipe. Conversations over, both whistles were replaced. Before the development of the electric telephone, the term "telephone" was applied

title: Telephone number

text: of signaling to a telephone exchange. The exchange completes the call either to another locally connected subscriber or via the PSTN to the called party. Telephone numbers are assigned within the framework of a national or regional telephone numbering plan to subscribers by telephone service operators, which may be commercial entities, state-controlled administrations, or other telecommunication industry associations. Telephone numbers were first used in 1879 in Lowell, Massachusetts, when they replaced the request for subscriber names by callers connecting to the switchboard operator. Over the course of telephone history, telephone numbers had various lengths and formats, and even included most

title: KLM Telephone

text: KLM Telephone K.L.M. Telephone Company is a rural telecommunications provider based in Rich Hill, Missouri. Consisting mainly of small, rural, family-run telephone companies it absorbed, it provides local telephone service to 1400 southwest Missouri telephone customers in Deerfield, Metz, Rich Hill, and Richards. It is owned by American Broadband. KLM Telephone Company began in 1955 as a business investment by Ken Kern. He purchased the Rich Hill Telephone Company, which had been owned by the Shopper family of Rich Hill since 1941. The name "KLM" came into being when Kern asked a college student, Raleigh Masur, if he would like

title: How the Scots Invented the Modern World

text: How the Scots Invented the Modern World How the Scots Invented the Modern World: The True Story of How Western Europe's Poorest Nation Created Our World & Everything in It (or "The Scottish Enlightenment: The Scots invention of the Modern World") is a non-fiction book written by American historian Arthur Herman. The book examines the origins of the Scottish Enlightenment and what impact it had on the modern world. Herman focuses principally on individuals, presenting their biographies in the context of their individual fields and also in terms of the theme of Scottish contributions to the world. The book was

title: Hanging on the Telephone

text: Hanging on the Telephone "Hanging on the Telephone" is a song written by Jack Lee. It was first performed by his short-lived US West Coast power pop band The Nerves; later in 1978, it was recorded and released as a single by the American rock band Blondie. The song was the lead-off track on the Nerves's 1976 EP, the group's only release. It was later popularized by new wave band Blondie when they released a cover of the song as the second single from their 1978 album "Parallel Lines" in both the US and UK. It eventually reached number 5

title: Island Telephone Company

text: Island Telephone Company The Island Telephone Company Limited (IslandTel) was a Canadian telephone service provider located in the province of Prince Edward Island in Canada. It operated from 1929-1999, when merged into Bell Aliant. IslandTel traces its history to The Telephone Company of Prince Edward Island which was founded in 1885. This company was one of several dozen private independent companies operating in fixed geographic areas in the province. This particular company was largely focused on the Charlottetown area. In 1910 Halifax, Nova Scotia-based Maritime Telephone and Telegraph Company (MT&T) laid a submarine telephone cable from Wood Islands, Prince Edward

title: Telephone (sternwheeler)

text: large iron-hulled side-wheel steamer "Alaskan". "Telephone No. 1" also raced against "Alaskan"s sister vessel, the side-wheeler "Olympian" in 1886-87. Races between "Telephone No. 1", under Captain Whitcomb, with Edgar W. Wright, first officer, were daily occurrences with "Olympian", running under Capt. James W. Troup. "Telephone No. 1" was much faster than "Olympian", so Troup had to resort to strategy to keep ahead. When "Telephone" would stop at landings along the route, "Olympian" would pass the rival boat. Other times, "Olympian" would try to crowd "Telephone" out of the river channel. A few years before, on July 20, 1885, Capt. U.B.

title: Telephone keypad

text: the course of telephone history, the positions of telephone dials, as well as keypads have been associated with various patterns of mapping letters and characters to numbers (keyboard layout). The system used in Denmark was different from that used in the U.K., which was different from the U.S. and Australia. The use of alphanumeric codes for exchanges was abandoned in Europe when international direct dialing was introduced in the 1960s, because, for example, dialing VIC 8900 on a Danish telephone would result in a different number to dialling it on a British telephone. At the same time letters were no

title: Telephone magneto

text: switch on the output terminals engaged only when the rotor was turning, so that the magneto was normally disconnected from the telephone circuitry. Ringing current magnetos were used in the public switched telephone network (PSTN) as late as the 1980s, when they were still used with private manual branch exchanges (PMBX), small business switchboards worked by operators. Rather than have a motor generator set for such a small installation, which generated noise and required maintenance, these systems used a hand magneto. Unlike on the public telephone network, which has a standard ringing cadence (the repeating pattern of ringing and silence),

title: Rochester Telephone Corporation

text: system. By the end of the decade, the company had added 200,000 new phones to its network. To prepare for further growth, Rochester Telephone initiated employee training programs in the late 1960s. The first sign of that growth came in 1972, when the company made its first acquisition outside the geographical limits of its service area, purchasing the Sylvan Lake Telephone Company. This move was made in response to the slowing rate of economic growth in the company's traditional area of operation. Four years later, a second, much larger purchase was made, when Rochester Telephone acquired the Highland Telephone Company.

title: History of the telephone

text: the 1890s a new smaller style of telephone was introduced, the candlestick telephone, packaged in three parts. The transmitter stood on a stand, known as a "candlestick" for its shape, hence the name. When not in use, the receiver hung on a hook with a switch in it, known as a "switchhook." Previous telephones required the user to operate a separate switch to connect either the voice or the bell. With the new kind, the user was less likely to leave the phone "off the hook". In phones connected to magneto exchanges, the bell, induction coil, battery, and magneto were

title: Candlestick telephone

text: time until the B-type telephone mount (model 102 telephone) was completed in 1927, a streamlined design that replaced the tube-shaft with a sculpted cone shape. By 1930 this round base was redesigned into the oval-footprint D-mounting to avoid instability of the unit when dialing. At the same time the electric circuitry was upgraded to produce the model 202 telephone, which reduced the strong sidetone characteristic of earlier designs. The Hush-A-Phone was like a mini megaphone created in 1920 for slipping over the candlestick phone. The Ericofon, or Cobra Phone is a plastic one-piece telephone, in the candlestick/upright style, created by

title: Telephone hook

text: the hook". (Often cartoons will show a telephone handset literally bouncing above the ringing base unit.) This most likely led to the present use of "off the hook" as a synonym for "crazy" or "exciting". "Last night was off-the-hook" may mean "last night was really awesome". "Off the hook", meaning "freed from responsibility or culpability" is not related to the telephone, but most likely derives from the image of a worm or fish dislodging itself from a fish hook. Telephone hook A telephone hook or switchhook is an electrical switch which indicates when the phone is hung up, often with

title: Invented tradition

text: traditions.' But where does his 'adaptability', or his colleague Ranger's 'flexibility' end, and invention begin? Given that all traditions change, is it possible or useful to attempt to discriminate the 'genuine' antiques from the fakes?" Another also praised the high quality of the articles but had qualifications. "Such distinctions" (between invented and authentic traditions) "resolve themselves ultimately into one between the genuine and the spurious, a distinction that may be untenable because all traditions (like all symbolic phenomena) are humanly created ("spurious") rather than naturally given ("genuine")." Invented tradition The invention of tradition is a concept made prominent in the

title: Invented tradition

text: Invented tradition The invention of tradition is a concept made prominent in the eponymous 1983 book edited by British Marxist intellectual E. J. Hobsbawm and T. O. Ranger. In their Introduction the editors argue that many "traditions" which "appear or claim to be old are often quite recent in origin and sometimes invented." They distinguish the "invention" of traditions in this sense from "starting" or "initiating" a tradition which does not then claim to be old. The phenomenon is particularly clear in the modern development of the nation and of nationalism, creating a national identity promoting national unity, and legitimising

title: Invented (album)

text: slowly uncurl themselves over the course of a few days and before you know it, it feels like Jimmy Eat World never went away." Sputnikmusic staff writer Mike Stagno awarded the album a "great" 3½ out of five grading. He explained that, ""Invented" reins in Jimmy Eat World after "Chase This Light". It still possesses the same inviting, feel-good sentiment, but it's expressed more personably, and in this regard it makes for a very rewarding listen." British rock magazine "Kerrang!" awarded an "excellent" four K! score and opined, ""Invented" is a return to the creative peaks of yore. It's a

title: The Telephone Cases

text: contract lawsuits, never lost a single one that was concluded with a final stage judgment. The Court's decision in the "Telephone Cases" is notable for the size of the opinions delivered; together, they occupy the entire 126th volume of the "United States Reports". Among the notable court cases involving the Bell Telephone Company, later renamed to the American Bell Telephone Company, were those related to challenges by Elisha Gray, a principal in Western Electric, as depicted in the Elisha Gray and Alexander Bell telephone controversy. Additionally the Bell Company became embroiled in a number of challenges from those companies associated

title: Telephone hook

text: but not the telephone from the line or the phone could not ring. When the handset is on the cradle, the telephone is said to be "on-hook", or ready for a call. When the handset is off the cradle, the telephone is said to be "off-hook", or unable to receive any (further) calls. Pushing the switchhook quickly is termed a "hook flash". ""I tried calling you all day, but your phone must have been off the hook, because all I got was a busy signal."" A phone receiving many calls in rapid succession can be said to be "ringing off

title: Telephone number

text: central office to which each telephone was connected. Traditionally, these names were often the names of towns, villages, other locally significant names, but larger communities that required more than one central office, may have used other names for each central office, such as "Main", "East", "West", "Central". Names were convenient to use and reduced errors when telephone numbers were exchanged verbally between subscribers and operators. When subscribers could dial themselves, the initial letters of the names were converted to digits as displayed on the rotary dial. Thus, telephone numbers contained one, two, or even three letters followed by up to

title: Invented (album)

text: a bit by the numbers." Jonathan Keefe of "Slant" magazine gave the album two-and-a-half out of five stars and bemoaned its mastering, stating, "Unfortunately, "Invented" is yet another album to have lost the so-called loudness war. Every element of the album, from the lead guitars right down to the female harmony vocals on the title track, is pitched to be as loud as everything else, and the result is suffocating." Ash Dosanjh of "NME" said that the album "certainly doesn't veer very far from their past emotional sensibilities." Released to favourable reviews, "Invented" sold 34,594 units in the United States

title: Telephone exchange

text: 20th century. Their purpose was to eliminate the need for human switchboard operators who completed the connections required for a telephone call. Automation replaced human operators with electromechanical systems and telephones were equipped with a dial by which a caller transmitted the destination telephone number to the automatic switching system. A telephone exchange automatically senses an off-hook condition of the telephone when the user removes the handset from the switchhook or cradle. The exchange provides dial tone at that time to indicate to the user that the exchange is ready to receive dialed digits. The pulses or DTMF tones generated

title: Telephone, Texas

text: Telephone, Texas Telephone is an unincorporated community in Fannin County, Texas, United States. According to the Handbook of Texas, the community had an estimated population of 210 in 2010. Telephone is situated at the junction of Farm Roads 273 and 2029 in northeastern Fannin County, approximately 17 miles northeast of Bonham and 32 miles northeast of Sherman. Although the first settlers arrived in the area during the 1870s, a community did not develop until the mid-1880s. The community received its name because the only telephone in the area was located in a general store owned by Pete Hindman. When Hindman

title: Telephone (sternwheeler)

text: plans for monopoly broken in March 1892 when "Telephone" returned to service, UP put its fastest boat, the "T.J. Potter" on the run to Astoria in competition with "Telephone". In 1895, "Telephone", owned by the Columbia River and Puget Sound Navigation Company, (CR&PSN) was competing with the older steamer "R.R. Thompson", built in 1878, and the newer "T.J. Potter", built in 1888. Both competitors, particularly the "Potter", were considered to be fast boats. Early in 1895, the CR&PSN spent nearly $20,000 in improvements to another one of their steamers, the famous sternwheeler "Bailey Gatzert". With "Bailey Gatzert" and "Telephone" running

title: The Telephone Cases

text: with Antonio Meucci, as shown in the Canadian Parliamentary Motion on Alexander Graham Bell, itself a response to the United States HRes. 269 on Antonio Meucci. The Telephone Cases The Telephone Cases, 126 U.S. 1 (1888), were a series of U.S. court cases in the 1870s and 1880s related to the invention of the telephone, which culminated in the 1888 decision of the United States Supreme Court upholding the priority of the patents belonging to Alexander Graham Bell. Those telephone patents were relied on by the American Bell Telephone Company and the Bell System—although they had also acquired critical microphone

title: I Invented Sex

text: it. The video carries a parental advisory warning. A combination video was released for the clips of "I Invented Sex" and "Say Aah", as they were later released separately. Songz confirmed to "MTV News" that the previous would be a continuation of the latter. On the "I Invented Sex" clip, Songz said, "It's very sensual. The idea I had, it came from a banned Calvin Klein ad. It was a dude and two girls and they was touching and kissing. I was like, 'Man, I wanna do that.' We didn't go all the way there. I didn't have two girls

title: Frontier Telephone of Rochester

text: Frontier Telephone of Rochester Frontier Telephone of Rochester, Inc., formerly Rochester Telephone Corporation, is a local telephone operating company of Frontier Communications providing telephone service to Rochester, NY. The company was founded in 1994. In 1995, the original Rochester Telephone Corporation renamed itself Frontier Corporation in order to sound less "local" in the newly competitive landscape. Frontier transferred its Rochester local telephone lines to the "new" Rochester Telephone Corporation. Frontier's investment in fiber long lines proved attractive in the exploding global communications market in the late 1990s when RTC was acquired in 1999 by Global Crossing, a Bermuda-based communications network

title: Prepaid telephone call

text: Prepaid telephone call Prepaid telephone calls are a popular way of making telephone calls which allow the caller to control spending without making a commitment with the telephone company. Prepaid phone cards are provided by various telecom companies. When you purchase a prepaid phone card, you are paying for long distance connection time in advance. When you make calls using the phone card, the card's value is deducted based on connection fee, duration of connection, surcharges and any maintenance charges associated with the phone card. Prepaid telephone calls are usually implemented in the company's network using the intelligent network functionality.

title: Prepaid telephone call

text: The competitive prices these operators offer are usually made possible by least cost routing and lower overheads than the larger telephone operators. Prepaid telephone call Prepaid telephone calls are a popular way of making telephone calls which allow the caller to control spending without making a commitment with the telephone company. Prepaid phone cards are provided by various telecom companies. When you purchase a prepaid phone card, you are paying for long distance connection time in advance. When you make calls using the phone card, the card's value is deducted based on connection fee, duration of connection, surcharges and any

title: Project Mutual Telephone

text: Project Mutual Telephone Project Mutual Telephone Company has provided continuous telephone service in the Mini-Cassia area in Idaho since 1916. When PMT was organized with 34 telephone customers, it based its future on providing quality service to its members. In 1956, PMT installed its first local direct dial telephone system. The system served approximately 1,700 customers and was state-of-the-art technology for the time. In 1962 direct dial long distance was added. The 1970s and 1980s produced continued growth for PMT; the information age was in full swing and again PMT responded by adding updated technologies; the first digital central office

title: Invention of the telephone

text: first person to suggest the idea of a telephone exchange". Bell has been widely recognized as the "inventor" of the telephone outside of Italy, where Meucci was championed as its inventor. In the United States, there are numerous reflections of Bell as a North American icon for inventing the telephone, and the matter was for a long time non-controversial. In June 2002, however, the United States House of Representatives passed a symbolic bill recognizing the contributions of Antonio Meucci ""in the invention of the telephone"" (not ""for the invention of the telephone""), throwing the matter into some controversy. Ten days