query: Who was the first African-American speaker of the California State Assembly?

title: Willie Brown (politician)

text: Companies to operate ridesharing services in California. Willie Brown (politician) Willie Lewis Brown Jr. (born March 20, 1934) is an American politician of the Democratic Party. Brown served over 30 years in the California State Assembly, spending 15 years as its speaker and later served as the 41st mayor of San Francisco, the first African American to do so. Under the current California term-limits law, no Speaker of the California State Assembly will be permitted to have a longer tenure than Brown's. "The San Francisco Chronicle" called Brown "one of San Francisco's most notable mayors" who had "celebrity beyond the

title: Willie Brown (politician)

text: Willie Brown (politician) Willie Lewis Brown Jr. (born March 20, 1934) is an American politician of the Democratic Party. Brown served over 30 years in the California State Assembly, spending 15 years as its speaker and later served as the 41st mayor of San Francisco, the first African American to do so. Under the current California term-limits law, no Speaker of the California State Assembly will be permitted to have a longer tenure than Brown's. "The San Francisco Chronicle" called Brown "one of San Francisco's most notable mayors" who had "celebrity beyond the city's boundaries." Born in Mineola, Texas, Brown

title: Speaker of the Lagos State House of Assembly

text: the incumbent speaker is Rt. Hon. Mudashiru A. Obasa Speaker of the Lagos State House of Assembly The Speaker of the Lagos State House of Assembly is the political head of the Lagos State House of Assembly. Elected by the Members of the Assembly, the speaker's statutory duty is to preside over the sitting and deliberations of the Assembly. The Speaker also represents the voters of his or her constituency. Since inauguration of the state house of assembly on October 2, 1979, there have been 7 legislative assemblies with 8 representative holding the office of Speaker. The Speaker of the

text: Speaker of the Lagos State House of Assembly The Speaker of the Lagos State House of Assembly is the political head of the Lagos State House of Assembly. Elected by the Members of the Assembly, the speaker's statutory duty is to preside over the sitting and deliberations of the Assembly. The Speaker also represents the voters of his or her constituency. Since inauguration of the state house of assembly on October 2, 1979, there have been 7 legislative assemblies with 8 representative holding the office of Speaker. The Speaker of the 1st Legislative Assembly is Rt. Hon Oladosun Oshinowo and

title: Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of Nunavut

text: the Legislative Assembly result in a tie, and should the Speaker be unable to act, the Deputy Speaker may act in his or her place. Decisions of the Speaker are not subject to debate or appeal. The former Speaker, Hunter Tootoo, was elected by MLAs on June 1, 2011. Tootoo, who was most recently Nunavut's Minister for Education prior to taking up his new role, is the longest-serving Member of the Nunavut Legislative Assembly, and the only Member who was present in the first Assembly, opened in 1999. Notes: Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of Nunavut The Speaker of the

title: Speaker of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly

text: Deputy Speaker of the Legislative Assembly are fixed by the Legislature of the State by law. Such salaries and allowances are specified in the Second Schedule. Speaker of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly The Speaker of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly is the title given to the presiding officer (chair) of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly. The Speaker's official role is to moderate debate, make rulings on procedure, announce the results of votes, etc. The Speaker decides who may speak and has the powers to discipline members who break the procedures of the Assembly. The Speaker often also represents the

title: Speaker of the Western Australian Legislative Assembly

text: Speaker of the Western Australian Legislative Assembly The Speaker of the Western Australian Legislative Assembly is the presiding officer in the Legislative Assembly. The office has existed since the creation of the Legislative Assembly in 1890 under the "Constitution Act 1889". The current Speaker is Labor MLA Peter Watson, who has held the role since the 2017 state election. The Speaker must be a member of the Assembly themselves, and is elected to the position by a ballot of the members of the Assembly. It is generally a partisan position. As with the other states and territories, the Speaker continues

title: Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of the Falkland Islands

text: the first meeting of the Assembly after an election. Unlike the Speaker of the British House of Commons, the Speaker of the Legislative Assembly does not need to be a member of the Assembly, although the Speaker must be eligible to stand as a MLA. The MLAs also elect a Deputy Speaker, in the same manner as the Speaker, who acts as presiding officer in the absence of the Speaker. The Speaker and the Deputy Speaker are elected for the life of the Legislative Assembly although they can be removed by a motion of no confidence supported by at least

title: Speaker of the House of Assembly of Dominica

text: Speaker of the House of Assembly of Dominica The Speaker of the House of Assembly of Dominica is responsible for the management and general administration of the House, ensuring that rules of procedure are followed. The Speaker is elected by the House of Assembly at its first sitting after a general election. A member of the House who is elected as Speaker can only vote to break ties (a casting vote). If someone outside the membership of the House is elected as Speaker, they become a member, but cannot cast an original or casting vote. Louis Cools-Lartigue, OBE, was Speaker

title: Speaker of the National Assembly of Kenya

text: of Representatives. Speaker of the National Assembly of Kenya The Speaker is the presiding officer of the Kenyan National Assembly. From 1963-2013 the National Assembly was the unicameral body of the Kenyan Parliament. The Speaker is elected by the National Assembly (Kenya) from among persons who are qualified to be Members of the Parliament. The Speaker's term lasts for a period of five years, and primarily comes to an end when a new house of parliament first meets after an election in line with Article 106 of the Constitution of Kenya Previously, there were separate Speakers of the Senate and

text: Speaker of the National Assembly of Kenya The Speaker is the presiding officer of the Kenyan National Assembly. From 1963-2013 the National Assembly was the unicameral body of the Kenyan Parliament. The Speaker is elected by the National Assembly (Kenya) from among persons who are qualified to be Members of the Parliament. The Speaker's term lasts for a period of five years, and primarily comes to an end when a new house of parliament first meets after an election in line with Article 106 of the Constitution of Kenya Previously, there were separate Speakers of the Senate and the House

title: Speaker of the Northern Ireland Assembly

text: Agreement) Act 2006 she was appointed Speaker of the Northern Ireland Assembly on 8 May 2007. One of the first items of business for the Northern Ireland Assembly on 8 May 2007 was to elect a new Speaker from the MLAs elected in March 2007. The only nominee was William Hay, DUP member for Foyle and he was elected unopposed. In May 2011 the new position of Principal Deputy Speaker was created. Sinn Féin deputy speaker Francie Molloy was subsequently elected to the new position in June 2011. During the first meeting of a new Assembly a Speaker is elected.

title: Chief Clerk of the California State Assembly

text: Chief Clerk of the California State Assembly The Chief Clerk of the California Assembly is a nonpartisan elected officer of the California State Assembly. The Chief Clerk serves as the chief parliamentarian of the 80-member house. The clerk is also charged with maintaining the records and votes of the Assembly, engrossing and enrolling bills, providing members with analyses of bills on third reading, amending legislation, and publishing the bills, journals, files, and histories of the lower house. Historically, persons who have served as Chief Clerk have possessed an advanced degree when they were elected (e.g., M.A. or J.D.). In California,

title: Economic Freedom Fighters v Speaker of the National Assembly

text: non-violent — exit. Economic Freedom Fighters v Speaker of the National Assembly Economic Freedom Fighters v Speaker of the National Assembly and Others; Democratic Alliance v Speaker of the National Assembly and Others [2016] ZACC 11 is a major judgment of the Constitutional Court of South Africa which finds that President Jacob Zuma breached the South African Constitution by failing to implement the recommendations in the Public Protector's Nkandla report. In 2009, during President Zuma's first term, his Nkandla homestead was extensively renovated and upgraded. The Presidency said these were lawful security upgrades. However, it soon emerged that the upgrades

text: Economic Freedom Fighters v Speaker of the National Assembly Economic Freedom Fighters v Speaker of the National Assembly and Others; Democratic Alliance v Speaker of the National Assembly and Others [2016] ZACC 11 is a major judgment of the Constitutional Court of South Africa which finds that President Jacob Zuma breached the South African Constitution by failing to implement the recommendations in the Public Protector's Nkandla report. In 2009, during President Zuma's first term, his Nkandla homestead was extensively renovated and upgraded. The Presidency said these were lawful security upgrades. However, it soon emerged that the upgrades included non-security features

title: Speaker of the National Assembly of Zambia

text: were appointed by the Governor. Shortly after independence in 1964, appointed Speaker of the renamed National Assembly Thomas Williams stepped down and was replaced by Wesley Nyirenda, who was the MP for Fort Jameson. Nyrienda remained a constituency MP. After Nyirenda resigned in 1968, Speakers were appointed from outside the National Assembly by a vote of Assembly members. Speaker of the National Assembly of Zambia The Speaker of the National Assembly of Zambia is a position established under Article 69(1) of the constitution. The Speaker is elected by members of the Assembly from anyone eligible to be elected to the

title: Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of Queensland

text: Speaker are both absent, the House must choose a member to act as Speaker for that day. Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of Queensland The Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of Queensland is a member of the Legislative Assembly, elected by his or her fellow members to preside over sittings of the Assembly and to maintain orderly proceedings. The position is currently held by Curtis Pitt, a former Treasurer of Queensland who was elected to the post on 13 February 2018. The Legislative Assembly must choose a new Speaker when it meets following a general election. The member with the

text: of its predecessor, the Legislative Council. Speaker of the House of Assembly of Dominica The Speaker of the House of Assembly of Dominica is responsible for the management and general administration of the House, ensuring that rules of procedure are followed. The Speaker is elected by the House of Assembly at its first sitting after a general election. A member of the House who is elected as Speaker can only vote to break ties (a casting vote). If someone outside the membership of the House is elected as Speaker, they become a member, but cannot cast an original or casting

title: California State Assembly

text: members elected to the legislature prior to 2012 are restricted by term limits to three two-year terms (six years), while those elected in or after 2012 are allowed to serve 12 years in the legislature in any combination of four-year state senate or two-year state assembly terms. Members of the California State Assembly are generally referred to using the titles Assemblyman (for men), Assemblywoman (for women), or Assemblymember (gender-neutral). They convene at the California State Capitol in Sacramento. In the current session, the Democrats control 60 seats, a supermajority of the chamber. Republicans control 20 seats. The Speaker presides over

title: De Lille v Speaker of the National Assembly

text: did not obstruct or disrupt the proceedings in the Assembly at the time. "In the result," continued Mahomed CJ, "the appellant has failed to persuade me that the National Assembly had any constitutional authority to suspend the respondent from the National Assembly in the circumstances disclosed by the evidence adduced before the High Court." Accordingly, the suspension of a Member of the Assembly in those circumstances did not have constitutional authority and was void. De Lille v Speaker of the National Assembly De Lille and Another v Speaker of the National Assembly, an important case in South African constitutional law,

text: Speaker of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly The Speaker of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly is the title given to the presiding officer (chair) of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly. The Speaker's official role is to moderate debate, make rulings on procedure, announce the results of votes, etc. The Speaker decides who may speak and has the powers to discipline members who break the procedures of the Assembly. The Speaker often also represents the body in person, as the voice of the body in ceremonial and some other situations. Many bodies also have a speaker "pro tempore" or deputy speaker,

text: Speaker of the National Assembly of Zambia The Speaker of the National Assembly of Zambia is a position established under Article 69(1) of the constitution. The Speaker is elected by members of the Assembly from anyone eligible to be elected to the National Assembly, but cannot be a sitting member. The post of Speaker was first created on 10 November 1948 when the Governor appointed Thomas Spurgeon Page to preside over the Legislative Council following the 1948 general elections. Previously the Governor had also held the position of the President of the Legislative Council. The Speakers of the Legislative Council

title: Speaker of the Parliament of Ghana

text: Speaker of the Parliament of Ghana The Speaker of the Parliament of Ghana is the presiding officer of the Parliament of Ghana. The current speaker is Mike Oquaye. He was elected on 7 January 2017. The first speaker of the Parliament of Ghana was Sir Emmanuel Charles Quist who was Speaker of the National Assembly from independence on 6 March 1957 until December 1957. Prior to Ghana's independence, the Governor of Ghana presided over the legislative council. This changed in 1949 when Emmanuel Quist became its first African president. The Legislative Council elected Quist as its first speaker in 1951.

text: Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of Queensland The Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of Queensland is a member of the Legislative Assembly, elected by his or her fellow members to preside over sittings of the Assembly and to maintain orderly proceedings. The position is currently held by Curtis Pitt, a former Treasurer of Queensland who was elected to the post on 13 February 2018. The Legislative Assembly must choose a new Speaker when it meets following a general election. The member with the longest period of continuous service presides during the election, which is conducted by secret ballot. The Government

title: Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario

text: Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario The Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario () is the presiding officer of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario. Since 1990 the position has been elected by MPPs using a secret ballot. Previously, the Speaker had been appointed directly by the Premier of Ontario after consultation with the Leader of the Opposition and the leader of the third-largest party and then ratified by the legislature. David Warner was the first Speaker to be elected by his or her peers. The Speaker is usually a member of the governing party. The only exceptions have

text: Speakers of the various other Canadian legislatures. The Speaker is responsible for enforcing the Rules of the Legislative Assembly, and indeed the responsibilities of this office are also set out by these Rules. The Speaker is also the Chairperson of the Management and Services Board, which is tasked with the administration of the Legislative Assembly Precinct and the Office of the Legislative Assembly. The Speaker is elected on the first sitting day of the Assembly following a general election. Business may not commence before a Speaker is elected. The Speaker holds a casting vote should any vote of Members of

title: Speaker of the House of Assembly (Kiribati)

text: Speaker of the House of Assembly (Kiribati) The House of Assembly of Kiribati has a Speaker, a function adapted from the British Westminster model. The position was established by article 71 of the Constitution, when the country became independent from the United Kingdom. Article 71 states that the Speaker "shall be elected by the members of the Maneaba [House of Assembly] from among persons who are not members of the Maneaba". His or her function is to "preside at each sitting of the Maneaba" (art.72). The website of the House of Assembly indicates that his "decision on a point of

text: of the Legislature maintains a residence at the Legislature, known as the Speaker's Apartment. Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario The Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario () is the presiding officer of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario. Since 1990 the position has been elected by MPPs using a secret ballot. Previously, the Speaker had been appointed directly by the Premier of Ontario after consultation with the Leader of the Opposition and the leader of the third-largest party and then ratified by the legislature. David Warner was the first Speaker to be elected by his or her peers.

text: of the Assembly Business Committee. The first person to hold the position was Lord Alderdice, appointed by the Secretary of State for Northern Ireland in 1998. Prior to devolution in December 1999 the position was referred to as the Initial Presiding Officer. Alderdice left office in 2004. Eileen Bell held the office of Speaker in the Assembly established under the Northern Ireland Act 2006 which met between May and October 2006 and in the Transitional Assembly established under the Northern Ireland (St Andrews Agreement) Act 2006 which met between November 2006 and May 2007. Under the Northern Ireland (St Andrews

title: Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia

text: not open Parliament until a Speaker is elected. Prior practice had been for the Premier to select the Speaker and have that selection ratified by a vote of the legislative assembly. The Legislative Assembly also appoints a Deputy Speaker, who presides in the absence of the Speaker. During the 38th Parliament, which was elected in the BC general election held on May 17, 2005, the position of Assistant Deputy Speaker was created. This office is usually held by an MLA who represents the official opposition party. Traditionally, the Speaker has been a member of the governing party, current Speaker Darryl

title: Speaker of the Assembly of the Union of Myanmar

text: Speaker of the Assembly of the Union of Myanmar The Speaker of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw () is the presiding officer of the Assembly of the Union, the joint assembly of the bicameral legislature of Myanmar. After the completion of an election cycle, the Pyithu Hluttaw and Amyotha Hluttaw will convene their first sessions, during which the speakers and deputy speakers of both Houses will be elected among the representatives of the respective assemblies. Upon the election of the speakers and deputy speakers of the two Houses, under the Constitution of Myanmar, the speaker and deputy speaker of the Amyotha Hluttaw

text: will automatically fill in the role of the speaker and deputy speaker of the Union Assembly for a term of no more than 30 months, or half the parliamentary term, following which the speaker and deputy speaker of the Pyithu Hluttaw will continue as speaker and deputy speaker of the Union Assembly for the remainder of the parliamentary term. Speaker of the Assembly of the Union of Myanmar The Speaker of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw () is the presiding officer of the Assembly of the Union, the joint assembly of the bicameral legislature of Myanmar. After the completion of an election

text: The oldest (by age) Member of the Assembly ("see Father of the House") who is not seeking the appointment oversees the election as Acting Speaker. Nominees are then put forward, seconded and accepted by the nominee. A vote is then taken which must achieve the support of both sides of the house ("cross-community support"). A successful nominee is then deemed elected as Speaker and takes the chair. Upon election the Speaker must relinquish all party political affiliations. The newly or re-elected speaker then oversees the selection of three Deputy Speakers. Speaker of the Northern Ireland Assembly The Speaker of the

text: Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of the Falkland Islands The Speaker of the Legislative Assembly is the presiding officer of the Legislative Assembly of the Falkland Islands. The Speaker also administers the oaths of office and allegiance. The Legislative Council (established in 1845) was presided over by the Governor until 2002 when the office of Speaker was created. In 2009 the new Constitution of the Falkland Islands replaced the Legislative Council with the Legislative Assembly and also laid out the election, powers and role of the Speaker. The Speaker is elected by the Members of the Legislative Assembly (MLAs) at

text: the Beretitenti or the Government is supported in the Maneaba Ni Maungatabu." Speaker of the House of Assembly (Kiribati) The House of Assembly of Kiribati has a Speaker, a function adapted from the British Westminster model. The position was established by article 71 of the Constitution, when the country became independent from the United Kingdom. Article 71 states that the Speaker "shall be elected by the members of the Maneaba [House of Assembly] from among persons who are not members of the Maneaba". His or her function is to "preside at each sitting of the Maneaba" (art.72). The website of

text: Speaker of the Northern Ireland Assembly The Speaker of the Northern Ireland Assembly (originally having the title of Presiding Officer) is the presiding officer of the Northern Ireland Assembly, elected on a cross-community vote by the Members of the Northern Ireland Assembly. A Principal Deputy Speaker and two Deputy Speakers are elected to help fulfil the role. The office of Speaker is currently held by DUP MLA, Robin Newton. The Office of the Speaker is located in Parliament Buildings, Stormont, Belfast. The Speaker is also the Chairman of the Assembly Commission, the body corporate of the Assembly, and the Chairman

title: Speaker of the National Assembly of South Africa

text: Speaker of the National Assembly of South Africa The Speaker of the National Assembly presides over the National Assembly of South Africa, the lower house of the Parliament of South Africa. The speaker is chosen from among the Members of the Assembly at its first sitting following a general election and whenever the office is vacant. The Speaker acts as a "referee", taking charge of debates to make sure that the MPs can participate freely while keeping to the rules. The Speaker also has managerial duties to ensure that Parliament runs smoothly. Each political party in the Assembly elects a

title: East African Legislative Assembly

text: East African Legislative Assembly The East African Legislative Assembly (EALA) is a sub-organ of the larger East African Community, being the legislative arm of the Community. Members are sworn into five-year terms. EALA had its first sitting in Arusha, Tanzania on 29 November 2001. It had been founded the day before. The first Speaker of the Assembly was Abdulrahman Kinana of Tanzania. The first Assembly, including members from Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda, was dissolved in 2006. The second Assembly expanded as Rwanda and Burundi joined the EAC in 2007. Abdirahim Abdi of Kenya was the Speaker of the second Assembly.

title: East African Legislative Assembly

text: of the Treaty. East African Legislative Assembly The East African Legislative Assembly (EALA) is a sub-organ of the larger East African Community, being the legislative arm of the Community. Members are sworn into five-year terms. EALA had its first sitting in Arusha, Tanzania on 29 November 2001. It had been founded the day before. The first Speaker of the Assembly was Abdulrahman Kinana of Tanzania. The first Assembly, including members from Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda, was dissolved in 2006. The second Assembly expanded as Rwanda and Burundi joined the EAC in 2007. Abdirahim Abdi of Kenya was the Speaker of

text: constituency). He or she is expected to conduct the business of the House in an impartial manner, and generally does so. The Speaker is assisted by a member-elected Deputy Speaker, who is usually also of the governing party. The Speaker's principal duty is to preside over the Assembly. The occupant of the Chair must maintain order in the House, uphold the Standing Orders (rules of procedure) and protect the rights of backbench members. Speaker of the Western Australian Legislative Assembly The Speaker of the Western Australian Legislative Assembly is the presiding officer in the Legislative Assembly. The office has existed

text: party nominates one of its own to serve as Speaker, and that nominee is likely to win since the party typically has a majority of the seats. If the office of Speaker falls vacant, for whatever reason, the Assembly must immediately elect a replacement. The Speaker remains in office "for all purposes" following a dissolution of Parliament, even if he or she was not a candidate for re-election or lost re-election, serving until the day before the first day of the new Parliament. As the chief presiding officer of the Legislative Assembly, the Speaker is expected to be impartial in

title: Speaker of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly

text: Speaker of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly The Speaker of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly is the presiding officer of the Legislative Assembly, New South Wales's lower chamber of Parliament. The current Speaker is Shelley Hancock, who was elected on 3 May 2011. Traditionally a partisan office, filled by the governing party of the time, Hancock replaced the previous independent Richard Torbay, following the 2011 general election. The Speaker presides over the House's debates, determining which members may speak. The Speaker is also responsible for maintaining order during debate, and may punish members who break the rules of

text: is twofold. It is constitutional and institutional. This mandate is furthermore dual at the National Assembly and Parliamentary level. In both situations, it involves interacting with the following sectors of the global community: Speaker of the National Assembly of South Africa The Speaker of the National Assembly presides over the National Assembly of South Africa, the lower house of the Parliament of South Africa. The speaker is chosen from among the Members of the Assembly at its first sitting following a general election and whenever the office is vacant. The Speaker acts as a "referee", taking charge of debates to

text: six of the eight elected MLAs. During the Speaker election, the Attorney General acts as presiding officer. Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of the Falkland Islands The Speaker of the Legislative Assembly is the presiding officer of the Legislative Assembly of the Falkland Islands. The Speaker also administers the oaths of office and allegiance. The Legislative Council (established in 1845) was presided over by the Governor until 2002 when the office of Speaker was created. In 2009 the new Constitution of the Falkland Islands replaced the Legislative Council with the Legislative Assembly and also laid out the election, powers and

title: Speaker of the Victorian Legislative Assembly

text: Speaker of the Victorian Legislative Assembly The Speaker of the Victorian Legislative Assembly is the presiding officer of the Victorian Legislative Assembly, the lower house of the Parliament of Victoria. The presiding officer of the upper house of the Parliament of Victoria, the Victorian Legislative Council, is the President of the Victorian Legislative Council. A Speaker is elected at the beginning of each new parliamentary term by the Legislative Assembly from one of its members. The Assembly may re-elect an incumbent Speaker by passing a motion; otherwise, a secret ballot is held. The House can dismiss the Speaker by a

title: Speaker of the National Assembly of Pakistan

text: Speaker of the National Assembly of Pakistan The Speaker of the National Assembly (Urdu: اسپیکر قومی اسمبلی); informally as Speaker National Assembly, is the presiding official of the National Assembly of Pakistan– a lower house of the Parliament of Pakistan. The office has its roots in 1947 and was reestablished in 1973 in accordance to the Constitution; the speaker presides over the chamber composed of people's representatives elected on the basis of universal franchise. The Speaker is Second in the line of succession to the President of Pakistan and occupies fourth position in the Warrant of Precedence, after the President,

text: Parties who are a part of the Assembly. This ensures that the Speaker is accepted by all political Parties belonging to the Assembly. The name of the candidate determined by the party in power is usually proposed by the Chief Minister or the Minister for Parliamentary Affairs. The pro-tem Speaker chairs the session in which the election for the post of the Speaker takes place. The Deputy Speaker chairs sessions where the election takes place towards the end of a Vidhan Sabha. Once the election is over, the person who is presiding declares the chosen candidate to be Speaker of

text: from 1860–61). Therefore, the numbering of Chief Clerks in column one fluctuates based upon the fact that some clerks served previously. Their original "clerk number" is retained on the left with an asterisk to indicate why it is out of numeric sequence. Chief Clerk of the California State Assembly The Chief Clerk of the California Assembly is a nonpartisan elected officer of the California State Assembly. The Chief Clerk serves as the chief parliamentarian of the 80-member house. The clerk is also charged with maintaining the records and votes of the Assembly, engrossing and enrolling bills, providing members with analyses

text: De Lille v Speaker of the National Assembly De Lille and Another v Speaker of the National Assembly, an important case in South African constitutional law, was heard in the Cape Provincial Division from April 3 to 7, 1998, with judgment handed down on May 8. It was subsequently confirmed, on appeal, by the Supreme Court of Appeal. The High Court dealt with the issue of the powers of Parliament and parliamentary privilege, and found that such powers and privilege, to the extent of their inconsistency or incompatibility with the Constitution, are invalid. Where the privilege breaches the provisions of

text: and assists the Speaker in the execution of his or her duties, and acts Speaker in their absence or during a vacancy in the position. Speaker of the Victorian Legislative Assembly The Speaker of the Victorian Legislative Assembly is the presiding officer of the Victorian Legislative Assembly, the lower house of the Parliament of Victoria. The presiding officer of the upper house of the Parliament of Victoria, the Victorian Legislative Council, is the President of the Victorian Legislative Council. A Speaker is elected at the beginning of each new parliamentary term by the Legislative Assembly from one of its members.

text: 2 in Part III of the Constitution of Pakistan: The Speakership of the National Assembly is a leadership position and the office-holder actively works to set the majority party's legislative agenda. The Speaker usually does not personally preside over debates, instead delegating the duty to members of the House from the majority party. The Speaker usually does not participate in debate and rarely votes. These are the names of Speakers and presidents of the National Assembly of Pakistan. Speaker of the National Assembly of Pakistan The Speaker of the National Assembly (Urdu: اسپیکر قومی اسمبلی); informally as Speaker National Assembly,

text: Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of Nunavut The Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of Nunavut is the presiding officer of the territorial legislature in Nunavut, Canada. Since 1999 the position has been elected by Members of the Legislative Assembly (MLAs) using a secret ballot. The current Speaker is Joe Enook. As the politics of Nunavut are run under a Westminster system, the role of the Speaker of the Legislative Assembly in Nunavut is very similar to that of the Speaker of the House of Commons of the United Kingdom, the Speaker of the House of Commons of Canada and the

title: Deputy Speaker of the Grand National Assembly

text: Deputy Speaker of the Grand National Assembly The Deputy Speakers of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey (Turkish: "Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi Başkanvekilleri") serve on the Speakers Council (Turkish: "Başkanlık Divanı") in the Grand National Assembly, the unicameral Parliament of the Turkish Republic. There are four Deputy Speakers, selected according to the parliamentary composition of the incumbent Parliament. Unlike the Speaker of the Grand National Assembly, the Deputy Speakers are not elected by MPs. Instead, each party who has enough representation to nominate a Deputy Speaker can do so, with their nomination automatically becoming official. However, parties can also hold

text: prior to the Vidhan Sabha's first meeting after the dissolution. At any sitting of the Legislative Assembly, while any resolution for the removal of the Speaker from his office is under consideration, the Speaker, or while any resolution for the removal of the Deputy Speaker from his office is under consideration, the Deputy Speaker, shall not, though he is present, preside, and during the absence of the Speaker from any sitting of the Assembly the Deputy Speaker in relation to every such sitting as they apply in relation to a sitting from which the Speaker or, as the case may

title: Assembly of the African Union

text: Assembly of the African Union The Assembly of the African Union, which is formally known as the African Union Assembly of Heads of State and Government (AU-AHSG), is one of several decision-making bodies within the African Union. The other bodies are the Pan-African Parliament; the Executive Council, consisting of foreign ministers of the AU members states; and the African Union Commission. The Chairperson of the Assembly has few formal functions, the most important of which is to preside at the Pan-African Parliament during the election and swearing in of the President of the Pan-African Parliament. The Assembly came into existence

text: do so, from assuming traditional court dress or anything they deem appropriate. Speaker of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly The Speaker of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly is the presiding officer of the Legislative Assembly, New South Wales's lower chamber of Parliament. The current Speaker is Shelley Hancock, who was elected on 3 May 2011. Traditionally a partisan office, filled by the governing party of the time, Hancock replaced the previous independent Richard Torbay, following the 2011 general election. The Speaker presides over the House's debates, determining which members may speak. The Speaker is also responsible for maintaining

title: Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick

text: Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick The Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick is the presiding officer of the provincial legislature. Since 1994 the position has been elected by MLAs using a secret ballot. Previously, the Speaker had been appointed by motion of the house, in practice moved by the Premier of New Brunswick usually after consultation with the Leader of the Opposition. Shirley Dysart was the first Speaker to be elected by his or her peers. The Speaker is usually a member of the governing party. The only recent exceptions have been Robert McCready and

title: Ondo State House of Assembly

text: governor of the state who was re-elected on May 29, 2011 following the April 11, 2011 election. Presently, the Assembly comprises 23 members of the PDP and 2 members of the APC with a vacant seat. The incumbent Speaker is Bamidele Oleyelogun who succeeded the first female speaker of the Assembly, Jumoke Akindele . Ondo State House of Assembly The Ondo State House of Assembly is the legislative branch of the Ondo State Government inaugurated on February 3, 1979. The assembly is unicameral with 26 representatives elected from each constituencies of the 18 local government area of the state. In

text: He should be mentally sound and should not be bankrupt. He should also state an affidavit that there are no criminal procedures against him. The Speaker is elected by other members of the Vidhan Sabha and is responsible for the conduct of business of the body. A Deputy Speaker to also elected to preside during the Speaker's absence. The Speaker acts as a neutral judge and manages all debates and discussions in the Assembly. The Speaker can also initiate a motion of no confidence against the government in the state. If it is passed by a majority vote, then the

title: Assembly of the African Union

text: European Council, the European alternative. Assembly of the African Union The Assembly of the African Union, which is formally known as the African Union Assembly of Heads of State and Government (AU-AHSG), is one of several decision-making bodies within the African Union. The other bodies are the Pan-African Parliament; the Executive Council, consisting of foreign ministers of the AU members states; and the African Union Commission. The Chairperson of the Assembly has few formal functions, the most important of which is to preside at the Pan-African Parliament during the election and swearing in of the President of the Pan-African Parliament.

title: Speaker of the Northern Territory Legislative Assembly

text: Speaker's principal duty is to preside over the Assembly. The occupant of the Chair must maintain order in the House, uphold the Standing Orders (rules of procedure) and protect the rights of backbench members. The Speaker must be a member of the Assembly themselves, and is elected to the position by a ballot of the members of the Assembly. It is generally a partisan position, although both Speaker and Deputy Speaker were independents between 2001 and 2005 and the current Speaker is an independent. Speaker of the Northern Territory Legislative Assembly The Speaker of the Northern Territory Legislative Assembly is

title: Assembly of the African Union

text: on 25 May 1963, as part of the ratification of Organization of African Unity (OAU). Initially the Assembly consisted of 32 independent members, the heads of state of the African states that had achieved independence by 1963. Until 2001, the governing constitution of the Assembly was the OAU Charter. The Assembly is now subject to the Union Act that created the African Union. The Assembly has nine basic functions: The Assembly shall take its decisions by consensus or, failing which, by a two-thirds majority of the Member States of the Union. However, procedural matters, including the question of whether a

text: Speaker or Deputy Speaker of an Assembly shall vacate his office if his tenure as member of the Assembly is terminated; or may at any time by writing under his hand addressed, if such members is the Speaker, to the Deputy Speaker, and if such member is the Deputy Speaker, to the Speaker, resign his office; and may be removed from his office by a resolution of the Assembly provided that no resolution shall be moved unless at least fourteen days' notice has been given. Further, whenever the Assembly is dissolved, the speaker shall not vacate his office until immediately

text: be, the Deputy Speaker, is absent. The Speaker shall have the right to speak and take part in discussions in the Legislative Assembly while any resolution for his removal from office is under consideration in the Assembly and shall be entitled to vote only in the first instance on such resolution or on any other matter during such proceedings but not in the case of an equality of votes. In the Vidhan Sabha Chamber, the Speaker, from his seat, gets the complete view of the Assembly. He is helped by the senior officials belonging to the West Bengal Secretariat. The

text: Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia The Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia is the presiding officer of the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia. The Speaker is elected by the Members of the Legislative Assembly ("MLAs") by means of a secret ballot at the commencement of a new parliament, or on the death or retirement of the previous Speaker. Cabinet Ministers are the only MLAs not entitled to stand for election as Speaker. The business of the Legislative Assembly cannot continue without a Speaker. Under British Columbia's parliamentary tradition, the Lieutenant Governor of British Columbia will

text: designated to fill in when the speaker is not available. The current Speaker of the West Bengal Vidhan Sabha is Biman Banerjee and the current Deputy Speaker is Haider Aziz Safwi who replaced Sonali Guha, who had been Speaker since May 2011, in May 2016. In the Vidhan Sabha, a simple majority vote in the Assembly in which all present members participate determine both the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker — the presiding officers — who are also its members. The party in power proposes the name of their candidate after its candidate after titular hearings with Leaders of other

text: from any sitting of the Assembly the Deputy Speaker or, if he is also absent, such person as may be determined by the Assembly, or, if no such person is present, such other person as may be determined by the Assembly, shall act as Speaker. The term of office of the Speaker ranges from the day he is elected to the dissolution of the Vidhan Sabha. When the Assembly is dissolved, the Speaker terminates his tenure as a member of the Assembly, but does not quit his position as Speaker. He stands eligible for re-election. A member holding office as

text: Speaker of the Northern Territory Legislative Assembly The Speaker of the Northern Territory Legislative Assembly is the presiding officer in the Northern Territory Legislative Assembly. Though the office had existed since the creation of the Assembly in 1974, it was given greater legislative force when the roles and functions of the office were included in the federal Act that gave the Territory self-government in 1978. The position of Speaker has been held by independent MP Kezia Purick since 23 October 2012. Despite Labor's massive majority following the outcome of the 2016 election, the Labor government re-appointed Purick as Speaker. The

text: representing the Legislative Assembly to the Crown (as by, for instance, presenting the Address in Reply to the Throne Speech) and to entities outside Parliament. Administratively, the Speaker has control of the Parliamentary Service and is responsible for the Parliament's budget, services, and administration. "As soon as practicable" after first meeting, the House must choose a member to serve as Deputy Speaker and Chairperson of Committees; in recent practice, the Premier moves the appointment of the Deputy Speaker without debate or opposition as the first matter of business on the second day of the Parliament. As with the Speaker, the

text: the Prime Minister and the Chairman of Senate. In addition, the Speaker is the spokesman of the National Assembly to the outside world, and is non-partisan in his approach. To exercise the great authority that stems from the respect, affection and consideration which every Member of the House bestows upon the holder of this high office, the Speaker shows complete impartiality in the discharge of his functions. When the National Assembly is dissolved he continues in his office, till a new Speaker is elected. The office of Speaker of the National Assembly is created by Article 53 of the Chapter

text: majority vote, and the Speaker can resign. In practice, the Speaker is usually a member of the governing party or parties, who have the majority in the House, and continues to be a member of his or her political party, but it is left to their individual discretion as to whether or not they attend party meetings. The Speaker also continues to carry out his or her ordinary electorate duties as a member of Parliament and must take part in an election campaign to be re-elected as a member of Parliament. A Deputy Speaker, also elected by the Assembly, supports

title: Speaker of the House of Assembly of Nova Scotia

text: Speaker of the House of Assembly of Nova Scotia The Speaker for the House of Assembly of Nova Scotia is the presiding Officer of the House of Assembly. Kevin Murphy is the current Speaker of the 62nd General Assembly of Nova Scotia. The Speaker presides over the proceedings of the Assembly, maintains order, regulates debate in accordance with the rules and practices of the House, and ensures that all viewpoints have the opportunity of a hearing. The Speaker does not take part in the debates of the Assembly and only takes part in a vote to cast the deciding vote

title: California State Assembly

text: California State Assembly The California State Assembly is the lower house of the California State Legislature, the state legislature of the U.S. state of California, the upper house being the California State Senate. It consists of 80 members, with each member representing at least 465,000 people. Due to the state's large population and relatively small legislature, the State Assembly has the largest population-per-representative ratio of any state lower house and second largest of any legislative lower house in the United States after the federal House of Representatives. As a result of Proposition 140 in 1990 and Proposition 28 in 2012,

text: represent the voters of his or her constituency as an MLA. The channel televised proceedings is Hansard TV. Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia The Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia is the presiding officer of the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia. The Speaker is elected by the Members of the Legislative Assembly ("MLAs") by means of a secret ballot at the commencement of a new parliament, or on the death or retirement of the previous Speaker. Cabinet Ministers are the only MLAs not entitled to stand for election as Speaker. The business of the Legislative

title: California State Assembly

text: Clerk, the acting Chief Sergeant-at-Arms, and the Chaplains are not members of the Legislature. Current committees include: California State Assembly The California State Assembly is the lower house of the California State Legislature, the state legislature of the U.S. state of California, the upper house being the California State Senate. It consists of 80 members, with each member representing at least 465,000 people. Due to the state's large population and relatively small legislature, the State Assembly has the largest population-per-representative ratio of any state lower house and second largest of any legislative lower house in the United States after the

text: rules on questions of privilege after allowing appropriate debate. Decisions of the Speaker are not debatable or subject to appeal except by a substantive motion after proper notice has been given. Speaker of the House of Assembly of Nova Scotia The Speaker for the House of Assembly of Nova Scotia is the presiding Officer of the House of Assembly. Kevin Murphy is the current Speaker of the 62nd General Assembly of Nova Scotia. The Speaker presides over the proceedings of the Assembly, maintains order, regulates debate in accordance with the rules and practices of the House, and ensures that all

title: California State Assembly districts

text: odd-numbered year within each of the 80 Assembly districts. California State Assembly districts California's State Assembly districts are numbered 1st through 80th, generally in north-to-south order. The California State Assembly is the lower house of the California State Legislature. The Assembly has 80 members, each representing one district. In accordance with the Article XXI of the California Constitution, assembly district boundaries are redrawn every ten years based on data from the United States Census. The current boundaries were drawn in 2011 by a California Citizens Redistricting Commission. The census enumerated population of each district was within 1% of 465,674 with

text: chief whip to run its affairs. The presiding officers, the chief whips, and the Leader of Government Business (the person appointed by the Cabinet to liaise with Parliament) together decide on the programme of work. The office of Speaker of the National Assembly was preceded by the offices of Speaker of the House of Assembly (1910–1984) under the 1909 and 1961 constitutions and Speaker of Parliament under the Tricameral Parliament (1984–1994). The Speaker of the National Assembly is elected to and removed from office in terms of S52 of the Constitution. In terms of this section the: The Speaker’s mandate

title: California State Assembly districts

text: California State Assembly districts California's State Assembly districts are numbered 1st through 80th, generally in north-to-south order. The California State Assembly is the lower house of the California State Legislature. The Assembly has 80 members, each representing one district. In accordance with the Article XXI of the California Constitution, assembly district boundaries are redrawn every ten years based on data from the United States Census. The current boundaries were drawn in 2011 by a California Citizens Redistricting Commission. The census enumerated population of each district was within 1% of 465,674 with an average absolute deviation of 0.506%. Due to the

title: California State Assembly Republican Caucus

text: California State Assembly Republican Caucus The California State Assembly Republican Caucus is the formal organization of Republican Members in the California State Assembly, who hold 25 of its 80 seats after the 2012 general election. It is one of the Assembly’s two officially recognized political party caucuses and is led by Assembly Member Brian Dahle, the Assembly Republican Leader (Minority Leader of the State Assembly). Dante Acosta, 38th District Catherine Baker, 16th District (Dublin) Travis Allen, 72nd District (Huntington Beach) Frank Bigelow, 5th District (O’Neals) William Brough, 73rd District Rocky Chavez, 76th District (Oceanside) Phillip Chen, 55th District Steven Choi,

text: of censure and calling attention notice as per the rules. The Speaker decides on the agenda to be taken up for discussion during the meeting. The date of election of the Speaker is fixed by the Governor. Although the members of Vidhan Sabha represent their constituencies, the Speaker represents the whole Assembly. While the office of Speaker is vacant, the duties of the office are performed by the Deputy Speaker or, if the office of Deputy Speaker is also vacant, by such member of the Assembly as the Governor may appoint for the purpose. During the absence of the Speaker

title: African Americans in California

text: African Americans in California African-American Californians or Black Californians are residents of the state of California who are of African ancestry. According to U.S. Census Bureau, those identified as African American or black constituted 5.9% or 2,265,387 residents in California in 2015. People of African-descent first appeared in California from Mexico due to the Spanish Conquest. The first census recorded of African Americans in California appeared in 1850 with 962 people and 1860 with 4,086 people. Then, in 1910 the number rose to 22,000. African Americans totaled to less than one percent of California's population before the Second World War.

title: Sheila Oliver

text: terms in every cycle after her initial election in 2003. On November 23, 2009, Oliver was elected unanimously by Assembly Democrats to become the 169th Speaker of the Assembly. Her election made her the second woman to serve as Speaker in New Jersey history, the first being Marion West Higgins, who served in 1965, and the second African American to hold this post, the first being S. Howard Woodson, who first held the post in 1974. Nationwide, she became the second African American woman to lead a state legislature after Karen Bass of California. As Speaker, Oliver backed Governor Chris

text: the Assembly, without latter motions being voted upon. Once the final tally of votes is declared, the Chief Minister and Leader of the Opposition escort the Speaker elect to the Chair. His speech, in which he thanks the Assembly, marks the start of the tenure of the new Speaker. The Speaker of the West Bengal Vidhan Sabha has to be an MLA. The current speaker, Biman Banerjee, is the MLA from the Baruipur Paschim constituency. To become the Speaker of the West Bengal Vidhan Sabha, a person must be a citizen of India, not less than 25 years of age.

text: House must immediately fill a vacancy in the office. Like the Speaker, the Deputy Speaker remains in office after a dissolution of Parliament until the day before the next Parliament convenes even if he or she lost re-election or was not a candidate. The role of Deputy Speaker is created by the Standing Orders of the Legislative Assembly, and that of Chairperson of Committees by section 17(1) of the Parliament of Queensland Act 2001. As Deputy Speaker, the member takes the chair when the Speaker is absent or at his or her request. When the House resolves into a Committee

text: and overregulation. Chief Republican Whip – Heath Flora The Chief Republican Whip helps devise legislative floor strategy and provide direction and guidance to the Republican Whips as they work to advance the Republican caucus position during Assembly floor sessions. Republican Whips – James Gallagher and Vince Fong Republican Whips are charged with mobilizing members vote on important legislation, acting as a liaison between members and leadership, and helping to coordinate strategy within the caucus. California State Assembly Republican Caucus The California State Assembly Republican Caucus is the formal organization of Republican Members in the California State Assembly, who hold 25

text: three officers are elected every two years when the Assembly organizes: Chief Clerk, Chief Sergeant-at-Arms, and Chaplain. These officers are not members of the house and serve the legislature in a nonpartisan capacity. The current Chief Clerk is E. Dotson Wilson, who was first elected in 1992. This is a list of Chief Clerks of the California Assembly. To keep the numbering system correct, there are instances where a clerk has had a hiatus between terms of service (e.g. J.M. Anderson is the "sixth" person to serve as Chief Clerk: he served 1855–56, had a four-year hiatus, and then returned

title: California State Assembly

text: the State Assembly in the chief leadership position, controlling the flow of legislation and committee assignments. The Speaker is elected by the majority party caucus, followed by confirmation of the full assembly. Other leaders, such as the majority and minority leaders, are elected by their respective party caucuses according to each party's strength in the chamber. The current Speaker is Democrat Anthony Rendon (63rd–Lakewood). The majority leader is Democrat Ian Calderon (57th–Whittier), while the minority leader is Republican Marie Waldron (75th–Escondido). The chamber's green tones are based on the House of Commons of the United Kingdom. The dais rests along

text: Chairperson of the Assembly, he is also a member of the Assembly. He is entrusted with wide-ranging punitive powers to help him maintain proper conduct in the Assembly. He is expected to give sufficient time to all members of the Assembly and help them get their views across. The Speaker also keeps communicating with members, leaders of parties, etc., in the Vidhan Sabha. He interacts with leaders of other parties at semi-formal meetings a day before the start of a session, to know their mood on a wide range of issues. The salaries and allowances of the Speaker and the

text: Deputy Speaker chairs the sitting when the Speaker is absent. If both the Speakers cannot attend a session, a member of the Panel of Chairmen chairs the Assembly. He is the customary head of the Vidhan Sabha and an arbiter. His decisions are final and cannot be challenged. The Speaker constitutes all Committees of the Assembly. He nominates the Chairpersons of all the Parliamentary Committees. Political problems hampering the functioning of Committees are consulted with him for directions. The Advisory Committee on Business, the Committee of General Purposes and the Committee of Rules fall under him. Apart from being the

text: Chief Minister and his Council of Ministers must collectively resign. The Speaker is supposed to resign from his original party because as a speaker, he has to remain impartial. The Speaker presides over the sessions of the Vidhan Sabha and conducts the business in the Assembly. He decides whether a bill is a money bill or a non-money bill. He maintains discipline and decorum in the Assembly and can punish a member for their unruly behaviour by suspending them. He permits the moving of various kinds of motions and resolutions like the motion of no confidence, motion of adjournment, motion

text: in the event of a tie. He is the guardian of the privileges of the Assembly and protects the rights of its Members. The Speaker is the only representative of the House of Assembly. The Speaker has jurisdiction and day to day control over all matters concerning Province House, including operations, maintenance and restoration, and administration of the adjacent office complexes at One Government Place, the George Building, and the Provincial Building. The Speaker is the Chair of the Legislature Internal Economy Board, the body responsible for regulating services to Members. In the House, Speaker decides questions of order and

title: Secretary of the California State Senate

text: for recording votes on the Senate floor. The secretary is one of three non-member officers selected for each two-year session; the body also appoints a chaplain and sergeant-at-arms. ("California's Legislature" (2006 edition), California State Assembly: Sacramento. p. 149) The current secretary of the Senate is Daniel Alvarez, who was first elected on October 15, 2014. The longest-serving secretary of the Senate was Joseph Beek, who served from 1919 to 1968 (with the exception of 1921, when he did not serve). Secretary of the California State Senate The Secretary of the California Senate is a nonpartisan officer of the Senate and

title: 1994 California State Assembly election

text: California Secretary of State: 1994 California State Assembly election The 1994 California State Assembly elections were held November 8, 1994. California's State Assembly in its entirety comes up for election in even numbered years. Each seat has a two-year term and members are limited to three 2-year terms (six years). All 80 biennially elected seats in the Assembly were up for election this year. Republicans gained a net of eight seats from the Democrats, taking control of the chamber by a slim margin. As of 2017, this is the last time the Republicans won control of the California State Assembly.

title: 2004 California State Assembly election

text: party balance. Final results from the California Secretary of State: 2004 California State Assembly election The 2004 California State Assembly elections were held November 2, 2004. California's State Assembly in its entirety comes up for election in even numbered years. Each seat has a two-year term and members are limited to three 2-year terms (six years). All 80 biennially elected seats in the Assembly were up for election this year. It was expected that the Democrats would retain control of the Assembly, which they did. While some seats were close races, no opposing party challenges to incumbents were successful on

text: and decisions. The Speaker also has extensive administrative functions, being responsible, with the President, for the overall direction of the Parliament. In this, the Presiding Officers are advised by the Clerks of both Houses. The Speaker is solely responsible for the operation of the Department of the Legislative Assembly. If only one candidate is nominated for election, then no ballot is held, and the Assembly proceeds directly to the motion to appoint the candidate to the Speakership. A similar procedure is used if a Speaker seeks a further term after a general election: no ballot is held, and the Assembly

text: Plecas being an exception; however, while holding the office of Speaker that MLA must act neutrally and treat all other MLAs impartially, and to preserve this impartiality the Speaker follows Speaker Denison's rule in breaking ties. The Speaker presides over the debates and procedures of the Legislative Assembly. The Speaker enforces the Rules of Procedure, commonly referred to as the Standing Orders. Any disputes or procedural rulings are made according to the Standing Orders or, in absence of a rule governing a specific situation, to parliamentary precedence and convention. The Speaker does not vote, except in the case of a

title: California African American Museum

text: broaden public awareness of the artistic, historical and cultural contributions of African Americans and how other cultures intersect with African American history, art and culture. More than 80 programs are offered annually. The California African American Museum has a budget of about $3.5 million a year. Admission is free. The state provides $2.5 million, augmented by funds from a private nonprofit museum foundation that in recent years has generated annual contributions and other revenues of $650,000 to $1.4 million. In July 2015, George O. Davis was named as a new executive director to mainly oversee strategic planning, budget management, and

title: 1994 California State Assembly election

text: 1994 California State Assembly election The 1994 California State Assembly elections were held November 8, 1994. California's State Assembly in its entirety comes up for election in even numbered years. Each seat has a two-year term and members are limited to three 2-year terms (six years). All 80 biennially elected seats in the Assembly were up for election this year. Republicans gained a net of eight seats from the Democrats, taking control of the chamber by a slim margin. As of 2017, this is the last time the Republicans won control of the California State Assembly. Final results from the