query: What is the population of Ulan Bator, capital of Mongolia?

title: Ulaanbaatar

text: Ulaanbaatar Ulaanbaatar, formerly anglicised as Ulan Bator (, , "Ulaγanbaγatur", literally "Red Hero"), is the capital and largest city of Mongolia. The city is not part of any aimag (province), and its population was over 1.3 million, almost half of the country's total population. Located in north central Mongolia, the municipality lies at an elevation of about in a valley on the Tuul River. It is the country's cultural, industrial and financial heart, the centre of Mongolia's road network and connected by rail to both the Trans-Siberian Railway in Russia and the Chinese railway system. The city was founded in

title: Ulaanbaatar

text: road links. In the novel "Alas, Babylon" by Pat Frank, the city was a relocation site for the Soviet leadership. In the novel it had a medium-wave station for communications. Ulaanbaatar Ulaanbaatar, formerly anglicised as Ulan Bator (, , "Ulaγanbaγatur", literally "Red Hero"), is the capital and largest city of Mongolia. The city is not part of any aimag (province), and its population was over 1.3 million, almost half of the country's total population. Located in north central Mongolia, the municipality lies at an elevation of about in a valley on the Tuul River. It is the country's cultural, industrial

title: Ulan Bator (band)

text: Olivier Manchion Amaury Cambuzat Ulan Bator (band) Ulan Bator is a French experimental post-rock band founded in 1993 by Amaury Cambuzat and Olivier Manchion. They got their name from Ulan Bator, the capital city of Mongolia. They create lengthy instrumental music with influence from industrial and krautrock bands like Can, Neu! and Faust. Amaury Cambuzat (vocals, guitar) and Olivier Manchion (bass) began to play together in 1987. While in Paris in 1993, they formed Ulan Bator with Franck Lantignac. They built a recording studio and recorded their first three albums there: "Ulan Bator", "2 Degrees", and "Vegetale". In 1996 they

title: Ulan Bator (band)

text: Ulan Bator (band) Ulan Bator is a French experimental post-rock band founded in 1993 by Amaury Cambuzat and Olivier Manchion. They got their name from Ulan Bator, the capital city of Mongolia. They create lengthy instrumental music with influence from industrial and krautrock bands like Can, Neu! and Faust. Amaury Cambuzat (vocals, guitar) and Olivier Manchion (bass) began to play together in 1987. While in Paris in 1993, they formed Ulan Bator with Franck Lantignac. They built a recording studio and recorded their first three albums there: "Ulan Bator", "2 Degrees", and "Vegetale". In 1996 they began a long relationship

title: Museum of the History and Reconstruction of Ulan-Bator

text: Day (1 June), the city's birthday (26 October) and Independence Day (26 December), the museum's entrance fee is waived. Museum of the History and Reconstruction of Ulan-Bator The Museum of the History and Reconstruction of Ulan-Bator () is a museum dedicated to the history of Ulan-Bator, the capital of Mongolia. The museum building, a landmark of early 20th century Mongolian architecture, is located in Ulan-Bator, in the Düüreg of Bayanzürkh. The building was originally built by a Russian merchant, the Buryat, Tsogto Garmayevich Badmazhapov in 1904, for his personal use. From July to August 1921, the Mongolian People's Republic's Central

text: Museum of the History and Reconstruction of Ulan-Bator The Museum of the History and Reconstruction of Ulan-Bator () is a museum dedicated to the history of Ulan-Bator, the capital of Mongolia. The museum building, a landmark of early 20th century Mongolian architecture, is located in Ulan-Bator, in the Düüreg of Bayanzürkh. The building was originally built by a Russian merchant, the Buryat, Tsogto Garmayevich Badmazhapov in 1904, for his personal use. From July to August 1921, the Mongolian People's Republic's Central Committee, government and combined staff were located here, with Damdin Sükhbaatar in residence. In the 1930s, the building housed

title: Ulan Bator (band)

text: with Faust during a French tour. The first meeting of Zappi W. Diermaier, Jean-Hervé Péron (of Faust), Olivier Manchion and Amaury Cambuzat (of Ulan Bator) was recently released as Collectif Metz/Faust. Ulan Bator performed in prestigious festivals such as Les Transmusicales de Rennes and Roskilde. Their albums "Polaire"and "Vegtable" plus multiple live recordings were released in Italy by CPR. Afterwards, they signed to Sonica. In 1999, Ulan Bator recorded its (Young God Records), produced inside Michael Gira (Swans, The Angels of Light) together with Matteo Dainese. Later in 2002 they released "" from the Ego:Echo tours and demos. In late

title: Ulan Bator (band)

text: again together in June 2005 as members of Faust. They decided to invite Franck Lantignac for a special Ulan Bator reunion featuring the original line-up for the Avant Garde Festival. In Fall 2005, Amaury and Olivier joined Faust for a UK tour, recordings of which were released as ... In Autumn, a 3 CD + DVD box set by Dirter. From there the trio went on a "D-Struction" tour in January and February 2006 in parts of Italy and Slovenia. Then in late Spring 2006 Cambuzat and Manchion toured as Cargo Culte, also known as the Ulan Bator Duo. Alessio

title: Choir, Mongolia

text: the end of 2006 estimations population was 7,998. Choir has been declared a free enterprise zone. Along with Darkhan and Erdenet, it is one of three autonomous cities in Mongolia. Choir has a medium-security prison which can house 460 prisoners. It lies along the Trans-Mongolian Railway, 250 km to the southeast of Ulan Bator. The Asian Development Bank is considering a 430-km paved road from Choir to the Chinese border, the final stage of a north-south route through the country. Choir, Mongolia Choir () is a city in Mongolia. It is the capital of Govisümber Province, in the east-central part

title: Voice of Mongolia

text: was launched on January 29, 1965. Today the output of The Voice Of Mongolia consists of various programmes designed to provide information about Mongolia and the Mongolians, their history, traditions and culture. It broadcasts a total of 8 hours a day in 5 languages: Mongolian, English, Chinese, Russian and Japanese. All of the Voice Of Mongolia's broadcasts come directly from its Khonkhor Transmitting Station, about 25 km east of Ulan Bator, Mongolia's capital. It broadcasts through Soviet-made 100, 250, and 500 kW transmitters and curtain antennas built in the mid sixties. The transmissions beamed to East Asia provide fair reception

title: Islam in Mongolia

text: of historically high birth rates, the Muslim population in Mongolia increased between 1956 and 1989. However, there was a decline in the Muslim population in 1990-1993 due to the large wave of repatriation of ethnic Kazakhs (so-called oralmans) to Kazakhstan following the break-up of the Soviet Union. Islam is currently practiced predominately in the western portion of the country as well as in Mongolia's capital. Some of the major population centers with a significant Muslim presence include Ulan Bator (90% in khoroo #4 of Nalaikh düüreg), Töv and Selenge aimags, Erdenet, Darkhan, Bulgan, Sharyngol (17.1% of population total) and Berkh

title: Japan–Mongolia relations

text: by a non-Eastern Bloc minister and prime minister, respectively. More recently Japan and Mongolia have been seeking relationship improvements. In 2008 Japan Bank for International Cooperation financed a () loan for the government of Mongolia to build a new international airport in Töv Province to service Ulan Bator (currently serviced by Chinggis Khaan International Airport.) Construction began in 2012 with completion scheduled for March 2017. The new airport will be from the capital and is designed to handle 1.65 million passengers annually. Japan–Mongolia relations Relations between Mongolia and Japan (, ) began in the 13th century, but the two countries

title: Occupation of Mongolia

text: side in the Chinese Civil War. In 2002, however, the Republic of China, which now controls only Taiwan and surrounding islands, announced that it was administratively recognizing Mongolia as an independent country, excluding Mongolia from the official maps of the Republic of China and requiring Mongolian citizens visiting Taiwan to produce passports. Informal relations were established between Mongolia and Taiwan via trade offices in Ulan Bator and Taipei, albeit without formal diplomatic recognition due to the One-China policy, as Mongolia recognizes the People's Republic of China. No legislative actions were taken to address concerns over the Republic of China's constitutional

title: Koreans in Mongolia

text: caused some tensions with their Mongolian hosts. In 2005, Korean-owned businesses in Ulan Bator which displayed "hangul" signs were ordered to switch them to English or Mongolian only, a situation which South Korean news agency YTN attributed to growing Mongolian nationalism. Among the numerous South Korean owned businesses are a number of karaoke bars operating as fronts for prostitution, which are frequented by clients of South Korean-run businesses in Mongolia (growing from just one in 2002 to an estimated fifty as of 2005). As of May 2008, roughly 200 North Korean citizens worked in Mongolia. In February 2008, Ulan Bator

title: Ulan Bator (band)

text: 2001, Olivier Manchion left and would not return until 2005. In the meantime, he founded Permanent Fatal Error and released "Law Speed" in 2004. During that period Ulan Bator under the name Amaury Cambuzat (with Matteo Dainese on drums, Manuel Fabbro on bass and Egle Sommacal on guitar) recorded "Nouvel Air" and then (without Sommacal) "Rodeo Massacre" (January 2005), both released by Jestrai. During this time they performed around 200 shows in Italy and France. After a 4 years without speaking, Olivier and Amaury met by "pure chance" at a show in which Lantignac was performing and started to perform

title: India–Mongolia relations

text: historic city of Bodh Gaya and its foundation stone was laid by Enkhbayar. Indo-Mongolian relations have been growing ever since it was resolved to elevate ties to a "new level of partnership" during the India visit of Mongolian President Enkhbayar. India provides technical and economic cooperation to Mongolia in the fields of higher education, agriculture, information and communication technology and human resource development. Prime Minister of India Narendra Modi visited Mongolia on 16 May 2014, where he also addressed the Parliament. He also handed over Bhabhatron equipment to the National Cancer Centre in Mongolian capital Ulan Bator. Furthermore, during Prime

title: Economy of Buryatia

text: of the Republic of Buryatia, the economic figures in 2011 were as follows: The Baikal region which is a bridge between Europe and Asia is located favorably for the development of Trans-Eurasian transport and logistics. Transsiberian railway is crossing the whole Buryatia connecting the capital Ulan-Ude with Ulan Bator (Mongolia) and Beijing (PRC). The railroad distance from the city of Ulan-Ude to Moscow is 5519 km, and to the Pacific Ocean is 3500 km. On the northern part of Buryatia there is a part of Baikal-Amur main line, which is 547 km long. Buryatia has a relatively good traffic net,

title: Unitel (Mongolia)

text: Unitel (Mongolia) Unitel (Universal or United telecommunications) is a Mongolian Corporate Group of ICT companies, headquartered at Central Tower in downtown Ulan Bator, Mongolia. It was founded on December 23, 2005 as BSB consortium as GSM mobile phone operator and began operations on June 26, 2006. As a provider of mobile telephone services, Unitel is the second largest company in terms of subscriber base and 14th largest company in Mongolia as measured by a composite of revenues, profits, assets and taxes. Its revenue, profits and revenue per subscriber (ARPU) figures are rapidly growing. Unitel also provides broadband subscription television services

title: Rail transport in Mongolia

text: Ude in Russia to Erenhot and Beijing in China through the capital Ulan Bator. The Mongolian section of this line runs for . The Trans-Mongolian Railway runs through Mongolia on Russian gauge track, changing to standard gauge track after entering China. There are several spur lines: to the copper combine in Erdenet, to coal mines in Sharyngol, Nalaikh and Baganuur, to the fluorspar mine in Bor-Öndör and to the former Soviet military base in Züünbayan. A separate railway line exists in the east of the country between Choibalsan and the Trans-Siberian at Borzya; however, that line is closed to passengers

title: Unitel (Mongolia)

text: service, which is Mongolia's first clouding service under an exclusive agreement with SEVEN Networks, US company. In 2016, Unitel launched its video streaming service, LookTV, where its subscribers can access video-on-demand contents much like Netflix. Monthly subscription fee is different depending on the packages, Asian Pack, Hollywood Pack, Mongolian Pack and ALL Pack which includes all the contents previous packs offer. Unitel (Mongolia) Unitel (Universal or United telecommunications) is a Mongolian Corporate Group of ICT companies, headquartered at Central Tower in downtown Ulan Bator, Mongolia. It was founded on December 23, 2005 as BSB consortium as GSM mobile phone operator

title: Ulan-Ude

text: Okrug. According to the 2010 Census, 404,426 people lived in Ulan-Ude; up from 359,391 recorded in the 2002 Census. In terms of population, it is the third largest city in eastern Siberia. The ethnic makeup of the city's population in 2010: The city is the center of Tibetan Buddhism in Russia and the important Ivolginsky datsan is located from the city. Ulan-Ude is located on the main line (Trans-Siberian line) of the Trans-Siberian Railway between Irkutsk and Chita at the junction of the Trans-Mongolian line (the Trans-Mongolian Railway) which begins at Ulan Ude and continues south through Mongolia to Beijing

title: Mongolia–North Korea relations

text: after the collapse of the Communist regime in Mongolia, relations became strained. The two countries nullified their earlier friendship and cooperation treaty in 1995, and in 1999, North Korea shut down their embassy in Ulan Bator on the occasion of an official visit Kim Dae-jung, the first such visit by a South Korean president. Mongolia had previously expelled two North Korean diplomats for attempting to pass counterfeit United States one-hundred dollar bills. Subsequently, Mongolia began to intensify its policy of engagement with North Korea, with the aim of improving relations. In 2002, Paek Nam Sun became the first North Korean

title: Koreans in Mongolia

text: decision to import North Korean workers as "problematic". , it was estimated that 500 North Korean defectors entered Mongolia each month, largely by way of neighbouring China. As early as 2004, some South Korean citizens' groups had begun laying plans to construct camps in Mongolia to house North Korean refugees; however, they were denied permission by the Mongolian government. In September 2005, South Korean NGO Rainbow Foundation stated that they had been granted 1.3 square kilometres of land near Ulan Bator, and would soon begin construction on a centre which could house as many as 200 North Korean refugees However,

title: Culture of Mongolia

text: in personal names, and even in the name of Mongolia's capital, Ulaanbaatar (, "Ulan Bator"). The word was introduced in the Middle Ages to many non-Mongolic languages by conquering Mongol-speaking nomads, and now exists in different forms such as the Bulgarian language, Russian, Polish, Hungarian, Persian, North Indian and Georgian. Traditional words such as "temul" signified a way to describe creativity and passion; "temul" was used in several Mongol words and had the meaning to: "rush headlong, to be inspired or to have a sense of creative thought, and even to take a flight of fancy. It can be seen

title: Ulan (politician)

text: Vice Chairman of Inner Mongolia. In November 2006 she was promoted one step further to the propaganda department head of the Inner Mongolia party organization and a member of the regional party standing committee. In November 2016, Ulan broke convention and became Deputy Party Secretary of Hunan province in south-central China, becoming the first ethnic minority woman to take on a deputy party secretary-ship outside of her home region. Ulan is an alternate member of the 18th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, and a deputy to the 12th National People's Congress. Ulan (politician) Ulan (Mongolian: ; born

title: Mongolia–North Korea relations

text: The Trans-Siberian Railway, an essential link in the potential continuous rail transit route from South Korea to Europe, passes through Mongolia; North Korean economic liberalisation which allowed South Korean shipping to pass through its borders would remove the major stumbling block to such a route, providing economic benefits for Mongolia. North Korean refugees are a delicate issue between the two governments. In 2005, South Korean charity groups received from the Mongolian government an allocation of 1.3 square kilometres of land at an unspecified location 40 kilometres outside of Ulan Bator to establish a refugee camp. However, as of November 2006,

title: Ethnic Chinese in Mongolia

text: with the Soviets, China eventually withdrew most of its workers. At the same time, Mongolian politicians or academicians with alleged links to China (e.g. Ts. Lookhuuz or G. Sükhbaatar) became victims of political purges. In the early 1980s, Ulan Bator was reported to have a small Chinese community, which published a Chinese-language newspaper and which looked to the Chinese embassy there for moral support. However, in 1983, Mongolia systematically began expelling some of the remaining 7,000 Chinese contract workers in Mongolia to China. At the same time, ethnic Chinese who had become naturalized citizens were reported to be unaffected. Because

title: History of the Jews in Mongolia

text: Jews and killed everyone of the 600 Jews: men, women & children. In 1925-6, a Russian-Jewish journalist came across a community of 50 newly settled families in a remote region of Outer Mongolia approximately 200 miles from the Manchurian border. In 1926, Ulaan Bator had a population of 600 Russian Jews who had attempted to leave Outer Mongolia, which was a Soviet satellite at the time. After the breakup of the Soviet Union, a number of Jewish citizens left the country in search of better economic opportunities. Some left for Israel, which had a visa agreement with Mongolia. Many Israeli

title: Ulaanbaatar

text: 1924, its name was changed to Ulaanbaatar (Улаанбаатар, "Ulaanbaatar", classical Mongolian "Ulaganbagatur", literally "Red Hero"). On the session of the 1st Great People's Khuraldaan of Mongolia in 1924, a majority of delegates expressed their wish to change the capital city's name to "Baatar Khot" ("Hero City"). However, under pressure from Turar Ryskulov, a Soviet activist of the Communist International, the city was named "Ulaanbaatar Khot" ("City of Red Hero"). In Europe and North America, Ulaanbaatar continued to be generally known as Urga or Khure until 1924, and afterward as Ulan Bator (a spelling derived from , "Ulan-Bator"). The Russian spelling

title: Bator Sambuev

text: Bator Sambuev Bator Sambuev (; born November 25, 1980) is a Russian-Canadian chess player who holds the title of Grandmaster. He won the Canadian championship three times. Born in Ulan-Ude, Russia, Sambuev was awarded by FIDE the titles of International Master in 1999 and Grandmaster in 2006. He immigrated to Toronto, Canada in June 2007 and moved to Montreal in 2010. He won the Canadian Closed Championship in 2011 after a two-game playoff against Eric Hansen. In 2012, Sambuev again won the Canadian championship, earning the right to play in the FIDE World Cup 2013, and took part for the

title: Altai City

text: Altai City The city of Altai () is the capital of the Govi-Altai province ("aimag") in western Mongolia. The capital is officially named Yesönbulag sum. It is not to be confused with the separate "sum" also named Altai in the south of the "aimag". City population is 15,800 (2008 est.) The Altai Airport (LTI / ZMAT) has one unpaved runway and is served by regular flights to Arvaikheer and Ulan Bator. Altai has a typical Mongolian cold semi-arid climate (Köppen "BSk") with subarctic influences, although the climate is so dry as to qualify as semi-arid despite the annual mean being

title: Altai City

text: sufficient for sporadic permafrost. The climate experiences long, very dry and very cold winters with short, mild summers when the majority of the scant precipitation occurs. Altai City The city of Altai () is the capital of the Govi-Altai province ("aimag") in western Mongolia. The capital is officially named Yesönbulag sum. It is not to be confused with the separate "sum" also named Altai in the south of the "aimag". City population is 15,800 (2008 est.) The Altai Airport (LTI / ZMAT) has one unpaved runway and is served by regular flights to Arvaikheer and Ulan Bator. Altai has a

title: Bogd Khanate of Mongolia

text: Russian Empire refused to sell weapons to the Bogd Khanate, and Russian Tsar Nicholas II spoke of "Mongolian imperialism". The new Mongolian state was a fusion of very different elements: Western political institutions, Mongolian theocracy, and Qing imperial administrative and political traditions. December 29 was declared to be independence day and a national holiday. Urga (modern Ulan Bator), until then known to the Mongolians as the "Great Monastery" ("Ikh khüree"), was renamed "Capital Monastery" ("Niislel khüree") to reflect its new role as the seat of government. A state name, "Great Mongolian State" ("Ikh Mongol uls"), and a state flag were

title: Gmina Ulan-Majorat

text: Gmina Ulan-Majorat Gmina Ulan-Majorat is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Radzyń Podlaski County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. Its seat is the village of Ulan-Majorat, which lies approximately west of Radzyń Podlaski and north of the regional capital Lublin. The gmina covers an area of , and as of 2006 its total population is 6,062. Gmina Ulan-Majorat contains the villages and settlements of Domaszewnica, Gąsiory, Kępki, Klębów, Kolonia Domaszewnica, Kolonia Domaszewska, Paskudy, Rozwadów, Sętki, Skrzyszew, Sobole, Stanisławów, Stok, Ulan Duży, Ulan Mały, Ulan-Majorat, Wierzchowiny, Zakrzew, Zarzec Ulański and Żyłki. Gmina Ulan-Majorat is bordered by the gminas of Borki, Kąkolewnica

title: Gmina Ulan-Majorat

text: Wschodnia, Łuków, Radzyń Podlaski and Wojcieszków. <br> Gmina Ulan-Majorat Gmina Ulan-Majorat is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Radzyń Podlaski County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. Its seat is the village of Ulan-Majorat, which lies approximately west of Radzyń Podlaski and north of the regional capital Lublin. The gmina covers an area of , and as of 2006 its total population is 6,062. Gmina Ulan-Majorat contains the villages and settlements of Domaszewnica, Gąsiory, Kępki, Klębów, Kolonia Domaszewnica, Kolonia Domaszewska, Paskudy, Rozwadów, Sętki, Skrzyszew, Sobole, Stanisławów, Stok, Ulan Duży, Ulan Mały, Ulan-Majorat, Wierzchowiny, Zakrzew, Zarzec Ulański and Żyłki. Gmina Ulan-Majorat is

title: Kharkhorin

text: unpaved runway and is served by regular flights from and to Mongolia's capital, Ulan Bator. Kharkhorin Kharkhorin () is a town and sum (district) center in Övörkhangai Province in Mongolia. The sum population was 13,828 (1994), 13,964 (2000), and 13,496 (2003). The population of Kharkhorin town itself was 8,977 in 2003 and covered an area of 20.5 km. Kharkhorin is located at the lower end of the upper valley of the Orkhon River which is included within UNESCO's World Heritage Site Orkhon Valley Cultural Landscape. The location marks the easternmost foothills of the Khangai Mountains, where they meet the rolling

title: Kyakhta

text: of Kyakhta is incorporated within Kyakhtinsky Municipal District as Kyakhta Urban Settlement. Kyakhta's economy today relies mainly on its status as an important center for trade between Russia, China, and Mongolia, located on the highway from the republic's capital of Ulan-Ude to the Mongolian capital of Ulan Bator. It also has textile, lumber, and food-processing plants. Kyakhta is home to the Damdin Sükhbaatar memorial museum. Kyakhta has a humid continental climate (Köppen climate classification "Dwb") closely bordering on a subarctic climate (Köppen climate classification "Dwc") with dry, severely cold winters and warm, moist summers. In Mongolian, Kyakhta was formerly known

title: Dondogdorjyn Erdenebat

text: Dondogdorjyn Erdenebat Dondogdorjyn Erdenebat () is a Mongolian politician, who was the Governor of Baganuur district of Ulan bator city. He served as Secretary General for Democratic Party of Mongolia . Currently he is a State Great Khural member. He was born in Zuunkharaa, Selenge province of Mongolia in 1959. He studied at 1st secondary school in Zuunkharaa between 1967-1977. After graduating from secondary school, he went to Irkutsk, Russia for higher education. There, he studied at Engineering Department of Irkutsk State University. Between 1996-2000, he was member of Representatives for Ulan Bator city. Meanwhile, he was also leading member

title: Mongolian State University of Agriculture

text: in Orkhon Province, Dornod Province and Khovd Province since 2001. 7060 undergraduates and 1045 graduates were reported in 2008. Mongolian State University of Agriculture Mongolian State University of Agriculture (MSUA) is a national university of Mongolia, with the main branch situated in the capital of Ulaanbaatar. It lies in the southern part of the city in the Khoroo 11 district on the southern side of the Tuul River, just to the northwest of the Zaisan Memorial and the American School of Ulan Bator. It was formerly the veterinary faculty of the Mongolian State University and Higher School of Agriculture from

text: Mongolian State University of Agriculture Mongolian State University of Agriculture (MSUA) is a national university of Mongolia, with the main branch situated in the capital of Ulaanbaatar. It lies in the southern part of the city in the Khoroo 11 district on the southern side of the Tuul River, just to the northwest of the Zaisan Memorial and the American School of Ulan Bator. It was formerly the veterinary faculty of the Mongolian State University and Higher School of Agriculture from 1958 but underwent structural reform in 1990 and 1993, with seven schools, four research institutes and three university branches

title: Ulan-Ude

text: Ulan-Ude Ulan-Ude (; , "Ulaan Üde") is the capital city of the Republic of Buryatia, Russia; it is located about southeast of Lake Baikal on the Uda River at its confluence with the Selenga. According to the 2010 Census, 404,426 people lived in Ulan-Ude; up from 359,391 recorded in the 2002 Census, making the city the third largest in the Russian Far East by population. It was previously known as "Udinsk" (until 1783), "Verkhneudinsk" (until July 27, 1934). Ulan-Ude was first called Udinskoye () for its location on the Uda River. It was founded as a small fort in 1668.

title: 2008 riot in Mongolia

text: while trying to preserve a piece of art. Some commentators and analysts suggested the problems may have been exacerbated by a growing rich/poor divide. Luvsandendev Sumati, from the polling organisation Sant Maral Foundation is reported as saying that "the outskirts of Ulan Bator have a lot of poor and frustrated youngsters who would use any pretext to get to streets and participate in any turmoil". A change from a first-past-the-post election process may have led to a misunderstanding over how a winner is selected. 2008 riot in Mongolia On 1 July 2008 a riot broke out in Ulaanbaatar, the Mongolian

title: Japanese language education in Mongolia

text: the teaching of kanji, to the exclusion of other aspects of the language; teachers report that this is especially a problem due to pressure from parents of students at the elementary and secondary levels. The Japanese Language Proficiency Test has been offered in Mongolia since 2000. As of 2006, it was offered only in Ulan Bator. The number of examinees rose by 75% between 2003 and 2006; as in China and South Korea, but differing from other Asian countries, the Level 2 examination, aimed at students who have completed 600 contact hours of instruction, is the most widely attempted, and

title: Economy of the Mongolian People's Republic

text: industry was engaged in processing of animal husbandry products, timber, minerals, and building materials. Transportation was predominantly by motor vehicles. The central economic region (Arkhangai, Bayankhongor, Bulgan, Darkhan-Uul, Dornogovi, Dundgovi, Khövsgöl, Ömnögovi, Övörkhangai, Selenge, Töv aimags, and Ulan Bator) was the dominant producer. The region had 70 percent of Mongolia's population (including the cities of Darkhan, Erdenet, and Ulan Bator); 55 percent of its territory; 75 percent of its arable land; 90 percent of surveyed coal deposits; and 100 percent of copper, molybdenum, iron ore, and phosphate deposits. This region accounted for 80 percent of gross industrial production, 90 percent

title: Eldev Coal Mine

text: Ulaanbaatar Railway JV, an operator of the Trans-Mongolian Railway - Darkhan City Power Plant Eldev Coal Mine Eldev Coal Mine () is in Dalanjargalan sum (district) of Dornogovi Province in South-Eastern Mongolia. This mine is 21 km N from sum center (Olon Ovoo railway station of the Trans-Mongolian Railway) and 300 km SE of Mongolian capital Ulan Bator. Eldev mine is operated by Mongolyn Alt Corporation (MAK) LLC, a mining and processing company of Mongolia. Annual production rate is of bituminous coal marketed domestically and abroad to China via railroad. Major customers of the Eldev coal mine in Mongolia: -

title: Eldev Coal Mine

text: Eldev Coal Mine Eldev Coal Mine () is in Dalanjargalan sum (district) of Dornogovi Province in South-Eastern Mongolia. This mine is 21 km N from sum center (Olon Ovoo railway station of the Trans-Mongolian Railway) and 300 km SE of Mongolian capital Ulan Bator. Eldev mine is operated by Mongolyn Alt Corporation (MAK) LLC, a mining and processing company of Mongolia. Annual production rate is of bituminous coal marketed domestically and abroad to China via railroad. Major customers of the Eldev coal mine in Mongolia: - Erdenet Mining Corporation - Khutul Cement & Lime Plant - Darkhan Metallurgical Plant -

title: Global storm activity of 2010

text: million livestock in Mongolia would force thousands of herders to migrate to shantytowns near the capital city of Ulan Bator. Extreme winter weather that began in December and followed a hard summer drought that prevented farmers from stockpiling food for their livestock. Dangerously heavy snow and temperatures as low as −40 °C have affected 19 of Mongolia's 21 provinces, with more than 14,000 Mongolian and Chinese Red Cross volunteers across the region scrambling to deliver emergency food aid to impoverished herders who have lost nearly all their cattle. The extreme weather had killed more than one million livestock, the herders'

text: the Kuomintang forces in 1949, aid increased, allowing the construction of the Trans-Mongolian Railway (the Ulan bator Railroad), and various industrial projects. Although industrial development still was concentrated in Ulan bator, economic decentralization began with the completion of the Ulan bator Railroad and the establishment of food processing plants in Aimag centers. The third stage, which the government called the "completion of the construction of the material and technical basis of socialism," saw further industrialization and agricultural growth, aided largely by Mongolia's joining the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (Comecon) in 1962. After the Sino-Soviet split, Chinese aid ceased, but

title: Aimag

text: Aimag An aimag (, ), originally a Mongolian word meaning "tribe", is an administrative subdivision in Mongolia and in Inner Mongolia (China). In Mongolia, an aimag is the first-level administrative subdivision. The country currently has 21 aimags. The capital Ulan Bator is administrated as an independent municipality. During the Qing Dynasty, Khalkha was subdivided into four aimags (Setsen Khan Aimag, Tüsheet Khan Aimag, Sain Noyon Khan Aimag and Zasagt Khan Aimag). An aimag was further subdivided into "banners" ("khoshuu"). Each aimag had an assembly of the local nobility, commonly named "league" in English ("chuulga" in Mongolian). This administrative structure was

title: Battle of Ulan Butung

text: Dzungar army and the Khanate remained in control of Mongolia. He was discredited by political opponents and forced into retirement. Battle of Ulan Butung The Battle of Ulan Butung was fought on 3 September 1690 between the forces of the Qing dynasty and those of the Dzungar Khanate. When attacked by the superior Qing army, the Dzungars formed a camel wall to defend their camp and defeated Qing assaults on their right flank, but were driven back on the left. They were able to withdraw into the wooded hills behind their camp in good order. The Qing commander, Fuquan, reported

title: Rostaing

text: for investors in Mongolia. In 2011, the first shop JR was opened in Arizona Plaza 65, in Ulan Bator. JR is a brand of luxury leather accessories (gloves, bags…). The same year has seen the takeover of the model agency Asian Models now called Asian Models Agency which is specialized in Mongolian models. The Rostaing Mongolia Trophy will take place from August 26 to 31. The Rostaing Mongolia Trophy, supported by the Ministry of Environment and Tourism in Mongolia, is a race for outdoor travelers and will be located in Gorkhi-Terelj National Park, in Central Mongolia not far from Ulan

title: Aimag

text: Chinese). After 1949, this structure was largely kept, except that in Mongolian, the term "chuulga" was replaced by "aimag", and that several aimags were added. Beginning in the 1980s, most aimags have been converted into prefecture level cities. http://www.mongolmessenger.mn Aimag An aimag (, ), originally a Mongolian word meaning "tribe", is an administrative subdivision in Mongolia and in Inner Mongolia (China). In Mongolia, an aimag is the first-level administrative subdivision. The country currently has 21 aimags. The capital Ulan Bator is administrated as an independent municipality. During the Qing Dynasty, Khalkha was subdivided into four aimags (Setsen Khan Aimag, Tüsheet

title: Khatan-Bator

text: Khatan-Bator Khatan-Bator is a two-part Mongolian language biopic film based on the life of Khatanbaatar Magsarjav. Khatanbaatar was a Mongolian General who overthrew the Manchurian Forces in Mongolia led by the Amban Chinese occupation of Urga. The film was directed by Jigjidsuren Gombojav and produced by Mongol Kino. It was submitted to the 12th Moscow International Film Festival. Story is based in the life of Khatanbaatar Magsarjav, a Mongolian general and a leading figure in Mongolia's struggle for independence. His contingent of 800 elite Mongol soldiers fought White Russian and Chinese forces over 30 times between 1912 and 1921, without

title: Mongol Rally

text: Mongol Rally The Mongol Rally is an intercontinental car rally that begins in Europe and ends in Ulan Ude, Russia. The rally originally ended in Ulan Bator, Mongolia, however to avoid punitive costs and taxes associated with vehicle imports and disposal, the rally now passes through Mongolia and ends in Ulan Ude. The principal launch is from Goodwood Circuit in the United Kingdom, with subsidiary starting points in the Czech Republic. It is described as the "Greatest Adventure in the World" and sees on average a 70% completion rate. There are three fundamental Rules of the Rally: The organizers ("The

title: Ulan (politician)

text: Ulan (politician) Ulan (Mongolian: ; born November 1962), also romanized as Ulagan, or Wulan (), is a Chinese politician of Mongol heritage, serving since 2016 as the Deputy Communist Party Secretary of Hunan. She spent most of her career in her native Inner Mongolia and rose through the ranks of the Communist Youth League. Ulan was born to an ethnic Mongol family in Horqin Left Middle Banner of Jirem League (now Tongliao). She became involved in politics when she was a mere sixteen years old, when she began working for the Communist Youth League (CYL) office in Baotou. In September

title: Mongol Rally

text: one injured in an accident while crossing Iran. Mongol Rally The Mongol Rally is an intercontinental car rally that begins in Europe and ends in Ulan Ude, Russia. The rally originally ended in Ulan Bator, Mongolia, however to avoid punitive costs and taxes associated with vehicle imports and disposal, the rally now passes through Mongolia and ends in Ulan Ude. The principal launch is from Goodwood Circuit in the United Kingdom, with subsidiary starting points in the Czech Republic. It is described as the "Greatest Adventure in the World" and sees on average a 70% completion rate. There are three

title: Ulan-Ude

text: October 1920 Verkhneudinsk was the capital of the Far Eastern Republic (Дальневосточная Республика), sometimes called Chita Republic. It was a nominally independent state that existed from April 1920 to November 1922 in the easternmost part of the Russian Far East. On 27 July 1934, the city was renamed Ulan-Ude. Ulan-Ude is the capital of the republic. Within the framework of administrative divisions, it is incorporated as the city of republic significance of Ulan-Ude—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts. As a municipal division, the city of republic significance of Ulan-Ude is incorporated as Ulan-Ude Urban

title: Khatan-Bator

text: a single defeat. He served as acting prime minister from February 15, 1921 to March 13, 1921, under Roman Ungern von Sternberg's puppet regime and later fought the baron forces. Director: G.Jigjidsuren Photographer: L. Sharavdorj, G.Tseren Author: S.Udval, G.Jigjidsuren Composer: Z.Hangal Songwriter - B.Sambuu Screenplay - D.Badamtseren Writers - D.Tumenbayar, D.Didid, T.Narantsetseg Cameo roles Khatan-Bator Khatan-Bator is a two-part Mongolian language biopic film based on the life of Khatanbaatar Magsarjav. Khatanbaatar was a Mongolian General who overthrew the Manchurian Forces in Mongolia led by the Amban Chinese occupation of Urga. The film was directed by Jigjidsuren Gombojav and produced by

title: Sanjaagiin Bayar

text: Sanjaagiin Bayar Sanjaagiin Bayar () (born March 4, 1956) is a Mongolian politician who was General Secretary of the Mongolian People's Party from 22 November 2007 to 8 April 2009, and Prime Minister of Mongolia from 22 November 2007 to 29 October 2009. He announced on 26 October 2009, that he was going to resign his position as Prime Minister due to health reasons. He was replaced by Sükhbaataryn Batbold on 29 October 2009. Bayar was born in Ulan Bator, the capital of Mongolia, in 1956. He is twice divorced, and has six children. In 1978, he completed his law

title: Trans-Mongolian Railway

text: line began in 1947, reaching Ulan Bator from the north in 1950 and the Chinese border in 1955. Before that the only railways in Mongolia had been a line (opened in 1938) connecting the coal mines at Nalaikh to the capital and a Soviet-built freight-only branch (completed in 1939) from Borzya on the Trans-Siberian Railway to Bayantümen, Dornod near Choibalsan in north-eastern Mongolia. Russian Irkutsk State University of Railway Engineering opened its Ulaanbaatar branch in June 2009. The Mongolian Railway company "Mongolyn Tömör Zam" carries 80% of all freight and 30% of all passenger transport within Mongolia. In the aftermath

title: Mongolia–United States relations

text: Bator in June 1988. The U.S. embassy formally opened in September 1988. The first U.S. ambassador to Mongolia, Richard L. Williams, was not a resident there. Joseph E. Lake, the first resident ambassador, arrived in July 1990. Secretary of State James Baker visited Mongolia in August 1990, and again in July 1991. Mongolia accredited its first ambassador to the United States in March 1989. Secretary of State Madeleine Albright visited Mongolia in May 1998, and Prime Minister Nambaryn Enkhbayar visited the American capital Washington, DC in November 2001. Deputy Secretary of State Richard L. Armitage visited Mongolia in January 2004,

text: the embassy of the Tuvan People's Republic, and it was subsequently converted into a Museum for Sükhbaatar. However, in 1953, after the death of Khorloogiin Choibalsan, and the adoption of a resolution to establish a joint museum for Sükhbaatar and Choibalsan, the building was converted into a printing house. The first exhibition opened on 9 July 1956 and was dedicated to the history of Ulan-Batar. In 1960, a resolution of the Central Committee of the Mongolian People's Republic made the exhibition permanent and relocated it to the current building, establishing the building as the museum of the city's history. In

text: 1970, by a resolution of the Council of Ministers, the museum was placed under protection as a site of architectural significance. The museum covers the history of Ulan-Batar from the time of Zanabazar to the present day. In total, the museum contains 134 documents, 224 silver objects, 30 archaeological finds, 16 geological charts, 132 historical exhibits, 335 pictures, 77 printed boards and models, 54 drawings, diagrams and plans, 898 photographs, 36 albums, 1883 slides, negatives and diafilms, 27 audio and video records, 62 commemorative items, and 234 books: in total 3,832 accessioned objects. On International Museum Day (18 May), Children's

title: Ordu-Baliq

text: the Khotont village, or 30 km north-to-northwest of Kharkhorin. The Orkhon emerges from the gorges of the Khangai Mountains and flows northward to meet the Tuul River (the current capital of Mongolia, Ulan Bator, is on its upper reaches). A favorable micro-climate makes the location ideal for pasturage, and it lies along the most important east-west route across Mongolia. As a result, the Orkhon Valley was a center of habitation and important political and economic activity long before the birth of Genghis Khan who made it known to the wider world. In 744, after the defeat of the last Göktürk

title: Architecture of Mongolia

text: were designed in the Chinese style, Mongolian architecture developed a unique style with Tibetan and Indian influences. The Mongolian style began with mobile temples. As the people became more sedentary, the temples evolved into multi-angular and quadratic structures. The roof, supported by pillars and walls, served also as the ceiling. Zanabazar, the first Bogd Gegeen of the Khalkha Mongols, designed many temples and monasteries in traditional Mongolian style and supervised their construction. He merged Oriental architecture with the designs of Mongolian yurts and marquees. Zanabazar's Batu-Tsagaan Tsogchin temple in Ulan Bator was a prototype of the Mongolian architectural style. A

title: History of Sino-Russian relations

text: to the Chinese. The Chinese were also disenchanted by the drunken brawls of the traders. In 1690 the Qing defeated the Oirats at the Great Wall and gained complete control over the Khalka Mongols in Inner Mongolia. In 1696 the Oirats were defeated and driven back to the Altai Mountains (Kangxi Emperor in person with 80,000 troops in a battle near Ulan Bator). This opened the possibility of trade from Baikal southeastward and raised the problem of the northern border of Outer Mongolia. In March 1692 Eberhard Isbrand Ides, a Dane in the Russian service, was sent from Nerchinsk as

title: Hadaa Sendoo

text: drama actor. Sendoo has lived in Ulan Bator, the capital of Mongolia, since 1991. When Hadaa Sendoo was very young, his father moved his family to Southern Mongolia, near the Dalan Har Mountains, where Hadaa spent his childhood. He studied old Mongolian and also Chinese at the local high school, but tired of the school curriculum, he later returned to the steppe for a nomadic life until 1984, when his father recommended that he should enter an art institute, where he soon served as an editorial assistant. The young Hadaa has had the opportunity to read a lot of Mongolian

title: Janlavyn Narantsatsralt

text: courses for urban and economic development in Japan and South Korea. On returning from Moscow he worked as an engineer and executive officer at the Institute of Soil Management. From 1989 to 1991 he was scientist and head of department at the Institute of Soil Policy of the Ministry of Environment. Then he served as an expert and head of department in the municipal Office of Urban design and planning of Ulan Bator. Narantsatsralt was elected Mayor of Ulan Bator in 1996. The successful work in this position contributed to his appointment as prime minister of Mongolia in December 1998.

title: Sukhe Bator Mongolian Pioneers Organization

text: Sukhe Bator Mongolian Pioneers Organization The Sukhe Bator Mongolian Pioneers Organization () was a pioneer movement in socialist Mongolia. The organization was named after the Mongolian military leader and revolutionary hero Damdin Sükhbaatar. The Sukhe Bator Mongolian Pioneers Organization was founded in May 1925. Its activities were monitored by the Mongolian Revolutionary Youth League. In the late 1980s, the organization had a membership of around 360,000. Its members were children aged 10 to 15. As of 1989 the chairman of the Central Council of the organization was included as a secretary in the Central Committee of the Mongolian Revolutionary Youth

text: youths. The Central Council of the organization published, together with the Central Committee of the Mongolian Revolutionary Youth League, "Pioneriyn Unen" ("Pioneers' Truth") with 84 issues annually. As of the late 1980s, it was circulated to some 175,000 subscribers. Sukhe Bator Mongolian Pioneers Organization The Sukhe Bator Mongolian Pioneers Organization () was a pioneer movement in socialist Mongolia. The organization was named after the Mongolian military leader and revolutionary hero Damdin Sükhbaatar. The Sukhe Bator Mongolian Pioneers Organization was founded in May 1925. Its activities were monitored by the Mongolian Revolutionary Youth League. In the late 1980s, the organization had

title: Sükhbaataryn Batbold

text: which allowed for preferential access for the than 7000 export items from Mongolia. <http://unctad.org/en/Docs/itcdtsbmisc25rev3_en.pdf>. As cabinet minister, he also proposed for the first time in Mongolia the special tax and regulatory treatment for small and medium businesses by proposing a special legislation to the Parliament. In the 2008 Great Khural election, Batbold won a seat for the MPRP in the Ulan Bator 23 constituency in the same location of the capital city of Ulaanbaatar as during previous elections. He was the Minister of Foreign Affairs from 2008 until he was nominated to become Prime Minister in 2009. During his tenure

title: Mongolia–United States relations

text: As of 2014, there were 1,444 international students of Mongolian origin studying in the United States. Due to Mongolia's previous close political and geographic ties with the USSR (which helped Mongolia achieve its independence from China) throughout the Cold War, there has been limited direct historical contact between the United States and Mongolia prior to the end of the 20th century. However, some immigrants came from Mongolia to the United States as early as 1949, spurred by religious persecution in their homeland. The U.S. government recognized Mongolia in January 1987 and established its first embassy in that country's capital Ulan

title: Ulan-Ude

text: weighing 42 tons and with a height of , was opened in 1971 in honor of the centenary of Lenin's birth. The Voice of Nomads international music and culture festival is held annually at various sites in the city. Ulan-Ude can be described as possessing a very continental steppe climate (Köppen climate classification "BSk"), bordering on a humid continental climate ("Dwb"). The climate is characterised by long, dry, cold winters and short but very warm summers. Precipitation is low and heavily concentrated in the warmer months. Ulan-Ude is twinned with: Ulan-Ude Ulan-Ude (; , "Ulaan Üde") is the capital city

title: Transport in Mongolia

text: Transport in Mongolia The transportation system in Mongolia consists of a network of railways, roads, waterways, and airports. The Trans-Mongolian Railway connects the Trans-Siberian Railway from Ulan Ude in Russia to Erenhot and Beijing in China through the capital Ulaanbaatar. The Mongolian section of this line runs for 1110 km. A spur line connects Darkhan to the copper mines of Erdenet; another spur line connects Ulaanbaatar with the coal mines of Baganuur. A separate railway line is in the east of the country between Choibalsan and the Trans-Siberian at Borzya; however, that line is closed to passengers beyond the Mongolian

title: Dzungar Khanate

text: Inner Mongolia where they became and remained Manchu subjects. In 1696, the Manchu defeated Galdan near Ulan Bator, chased him westward and gained control over Outer Mongolia. In 1717 Tsewang Rabtan sent an army to Tibet. The Manchu drove the Dzungars out and established a protectorate over Tibet. From 1750 to 1757, the Manchu took advantage of a Dzungar civil war to conquer Dzungaria and killed a large part of the population. The Manchu turned south and annexed the Tarim Basin by 1759, thus completing the current western border of China. The chiefs of the Dzungars were of the Choros

title: Khanbumbat Airport

text: Khanbumbat Airport is located 207 kilometers northwest of the regional capital of the Dalanzadgad, and 522 kilometers southwest of the national capital of Ulan Bator. The airport of international standards, its runway has a length of 3259 m, and a width of 45 meters. It is able to receive Boeing-737 and Airbus A320 aircraft. The terminal building (designed to mimick a Mongolian ger) is able to cater for up to 240 passengers per hour. In 2013, 80,000 passengers arrived at the airport. The majority were employees of the Oyu Tolgoi mine from Ulan Bator, including foreigners who connected through Chinggis

title: Bank Menatep

text: Russia. In 2000, the Bank, acting as a company, was transformed into a joint-stock company. with YUKOS Oil Company as one of the main shareholders. At the end of 2000, Bank "Menatep SPb" got permission to establish a subsidiary in Switzerland - "Menatep Finance SA", located in Geneva, in order to get better access to the international capital market. As of 2001, the branch network of Bank "Menatep SPb" comprised 57 branches all over Russia. In 2001, the bank opened a branch in Ulan Bator, capital of Mongolia. In 2002, Bank "Menatep SPb" was among the 20 largest Russian banks

title: Bor-Öndör

text: built by the Soviets. All production during that time was exported to the Soviet Union. Bor-Öndör has a railway connection to the Ulan-Ude - Ulan Bator - Beijing line (Trans-Mongolian Railway). Unpaved roads connect Bor-Öndör with Darkhan sum centre (43 km) of Khentii Province and with the Khentii Province capital Öndörkhaan (144 km) via Darkhan. Unpaved roads also connect with the Khajuu-Ulaan mining settlement (43 km) and Ikhkhet (65 km), Airag (65 km), Dalanjargalan (59 km) sums of Dornogovi Province. Via Airag is connection with paved road Ulan Bator (360 km) - Choir (165 km) - Sainshand (187 km) -

title: Battle of Ulan Butung

text: their army north to subdue the Dzungars. The Qing, running low on supplies due to the complications of operating in the difficult, dry terrain of Outer Mongolia, wanted to end the war with a decisive battle as soon as possible. Their army caught up to the Dzungars at Ulan Butung, trapping them against a range of wooded hills. The Qing started the battle with an artillery bombardment, causing light casualties among the Dzungars. The Qing launched an attack on the Dzungar left flank, driving this part of the army into the hills, where it fled. To ward off attacks on

title: Transport in Mongolia

text: Istanbul and Bishkek. In June 2014, Hunnu Air launched its previously announced flight to Paris but discontinued it shortly after. In 2013 the first purely air cargo operator was registered at the Civil Aviation Authority of Mongolia and is planned to commence operation in 2014. Talks of a possible restart of flights between the Russian city of Ulan-Ude and Ulaanbaatar by a Russian airline have been reported. Transport in Mongolia The transportation system in Mongolia consists of a network of railways, roads, waterways, and airports. The Trans-Mongolian Railway connects the Trans-Siberian Railway from Ulan Ude in Russia to Erenhot and

title: Yuri Alekseevich Soloviev

text: Yuri Alekseevich Soloviev Yuri Alekseevich Soloviev (born 13 April 1970) is a financier and currently First Deputy President and Chairman of the VTB Bank Management Board. In 2008, Soloviev was the first Russian banker to be included among the top 10 investment bankers on Financial News’s annual list of the 100 most influential people on the European capital markets. He is also part of the Management Personnel Pool under the patronage of the President of the Russian Federation. Yuri Soloviev was born on 13 April 1970 in Ulan Bator (Mongolia). He graduated from the Plekhanov Russian University of Economics with

title: Frans August Larson

text: by the driver. Larson was gifted both in social matters and at languages. He came into contact with the prince of the province of Ordos, who provided him with a teacher of the Mongolian language. When he had learned enough to get by on his own, he made his way northward to Urga (modern day Ulaanbaatar /Ulan Bator is a Russian spelling of Ulaanbaatar/ which is the modern capital city of Mongolia) in order to refine his new language skills. The trip took just over a month. He stayed in Urga one year, and then traveled southward again. He settled

title: Tserenbaltavyn Sarantuyaa

text: Tserenbaltavyn Sarantuyaa Tserenbaltavyn Sarantuyaa () (born 1959) is a Mongolian social scientist, lawyer, writer and an expert of Constitutional law. She received the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany in 2013. Born in the Mongolian capital Ulan Bator in 1959, Sarantuyaa received her degree in law from the Russian Voronezh State University in 1981. She went to Germany to do her doctorate from Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg (1987). The same year she became a professor of law at the Legal Institute of National University of Mongolia with specialisation in Constitutional law and Constitutional procedure. Since 1992,

title: Nonviolent revolution

text: 2005, activists wearing yellow scarves held protests in the capital city of Ulan Bator, disputing the results of the 2004 Mongolian parliamentary elections and calling for fresh elections. One of the chants heard in that protest was "Let's congratulate our Kyrgyz brothers for their revolutionary spirit. Let's free Mongolia of corruption." The Occupy movement is an international protest movement which started in New York City on September 17, 2011 with Occupy Wall Street and uses the occupation of public spaces without government permission as a means of protesting numerous issues, including notably social and economic inequality. By October 9 Occupy

title: Phantom of Inferno

text: When the semester starts, Mio, who was rescued from the ruins by Shiga (and who of course insisted it was a kidnapping motivated by money), can't help but feel it was a dream. Regardless, she resolves to live her life and meet the challenges of tomorrow. Meanwhile, Eren and Reiji start a long and arduous investigation into Scythe and Eren's past, trying to discover her identity. They eventually trace her back to a Hong Kong brothel that handled young girls, and then to Ulan Bator, Mongolia, where the trail runs cold. Eventually a young translator gives them the advice to

title: History of Mongolia

text: BC, they controlled all of northern and western China north of the Yellow River. This renewed threat led the Chinese to improve their defences in the north, while building up and improving the army, particularly the cavalry, and while preparing long-range plans for an invasion of Mongolia. By 176 BC, domain of the Xiongnu was in size. Xiongnu capital ("Luut; Dragon") located on the beach Orkhon River, Central Mongolia. Between 130 and 121 BC, Chinese armies drove the Xiongnu back across the Great Wall, weakened their hold on Gansu Province as well as on what is now Inner Mongolia, and

title: History of Mongolia

text: been found in Dornod Province. Contemporary findings from western Mongolia include only temporary encampments of hunters and fishers. The population during the Copper Age has been described as paleomongolid in the east of what is now Mongolia, and as europid in the west. The Slab Grave culture of the late Bronze and early Iron Age, related to the proto-Mongols, spread over northern, central and eastern Mongolia, Inner Mongolia, Northwest China (Xinjiang, Qilian Mountains etc.), Manchuria, Lesser Khingan, Buryatia, Irkutsk Oblast and Zabaykalsky Krai. Deer stones (also known as reindeer stones) and the omnipresent kheregsüürs (small kurgans) probably are from this

title: Treaty of Saint Petersburg (1881)

text: of the new border. The treaty also provided (Article 8) for minor adjustments of the border between the two countries in the area east of Lake Zaysan (where today East Kazakhstan Province borders on the northern part of Xinjiang's Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture). Article 10 of the treaty allowed Russia to expand its consular network in the northwestern parts of the Chinese Empire (Xinjiang, Gansu, and Outer Mongolia). Besides the consulates in Ili City (Kulja), Tarbagatai (Chuguchak, Tacheng), Kashgar and Urga (Ulan Bator) provided for in earlier treaties (see Treaty of Kulja, 1851), Russia would also open consulates in Suzhou

title: Galsan Tschinag

text: German teacher at the National University of Mongolia. In 1976 his teaching license was revoked because of his "political untrustworthiness". He continued to work twelve-hour shifts, shuttling between all four of the Mongolian universities. In 1980, at the age of 36, Galsan was diagnosed with a life-threatening heart condition. He later recovered from the condition and credits his "shamanic powers" and plenty of exercise for saving his life. Today, the author spends most of the year at his home in the Mongolian capital city of Ulan Bator, together with his family of nearly 20. He also spends much time giving

title: John Gombojab Hangin

text: in its 1989 obituary, indicated that "[h]is efforts helped to lay the groundwork for recognition of the Mongolian People's Republic by the United Nations in 1961 and American recognition in 1987." In addition to publishing several textbooks and dictionaries on the Mongolian language, Hangin also founded the Mongolia Society at Indiana Universality and established the Mongol-American Cultural Association (MACA). Hangin died of heart disease while doing research in Ulan Bator, Mongolia. He is buried in the Altan-Ölgii National Cemetery. The Mongolia Society offers a scholarship in his name to Mongolian students who wish to study in the United States. John

title: Rod Millen

text: at several events in 2006. Millen has competed in numerous Baja 1000 off-road racing events, most recently finishing second in class in 2006. The team, with his son Ryan Millen as one of the drivers, finished the 34-hour trek through the desert 33 seconds behind the winner in what is considered a photo finish. Millen won the Transsyberia rally 2007. With co-driver Richard Kelsey, they competed the 7,100 kilometers from Moscow, Russia to Ulan Bator, Mongolia the fastest of the 26 teams, driving one of 26 Porsche Cayenne S Transsyberia rally cars. Millen started Rod Millen Motorsports, later renamed MillenWorks,

title: Fraternité Notre-Dame

text: to the Novus Ordo Mass in vernacular languages. Fraternité Notre-Dame operates religious and humanitarian missions on four continents. The order operates soup kitchens and weekly food pantries in Paris, New York City, Ulan Bator, Chicago, and San Francisco. Additionally, a hospital for the poor has been opened in Mongolia, and it has also operated humanitarian convoys to benefit those victimized by war in Croatia, Bosnia, Kosovo, and Rwanda. The Fraternité opened a new mission in Detroit during the summer of 2018. The mission is in what was Most Holy Name of Jesus parish until 1990, and most recently Shield of

title: Friends of Mongolia

text: board of directors who are elected for three year terms and managed by officers (two Co-coordinators, Treasurer, Communications Coordinator, and Membership Coordinator) who are elected annually. A Mongolia Country Representative and Deputy Country Representative are appointed by the board to oversee activities in Mongolia. The FOM Scholarship was established in 2006, with the aim of assisting young male students from rural communities with high academic potential and financial need to attend post-secondary institutions across Mongolia. The program specifically stipulated that all applicants be male and living outside of Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia's capital city. The reason for this unique requirement was what

title: Munkhbayar Dorjsuren

text: Munkhbayar Dorjsuren Munkhbayar Dorjsuren (born Dorjsürengiin Mönkhbayar, ; born July 9, 1969) is a Mongolian-German sport shooter. She was born in Ulan Bator, Mongolia, but moved to Germany and became a German citizen. She is the 1992 Olympic bronze medalist in the Women's 25 metre pistol for Mongolia and the 2008 Olympic bronze medalist in the same event for Germany. She competes in the 25 metre and 10 metre air pistol events. Dorjsuren has competed at six Summer Olympic Games. She represented Mongolia at the 1992 Summer Olympics, at the 1996 Summer Olympics, and at the 2000 Summer Olympics. She

title: Munkhbayar Dorjsuren

text: 2002 she has become German citizen. In June 2013 she requested to become Mongolian citizen again. Munkhbayar Dorjsuren Munkhbayar Dorjsuren (born Dorjsürengiin Mönkhbayar, ; born July 9, 1969) is a Mongolian-German sport shooter. She was born in Ulan Bator, Mongolia, but moved to Germany and became a German citizen. She is the 1992 Olympic bronze medalist in the Women's 25 metre pistol for Mongolia and the 2008 Olympic bronze medalist in the same event for Germany. She competes in the 25 metre and 10 metre air pistol events. Dorjsuren has competed at six Summer Olympic Games. She represented Mongolia at

title: Esui

text: by armbar submission in the second round. Erdenebileg debuted as a singer with the CD released in . Esui Erdenebilegiin Bolormaa (born on ), better known by her ring name is a Mongolian female pro-wrestler and mixed martial artist. She is considered as Mongolia's first female pro-wrestler and also the first female mixed martial artist from Mongolia. Erdenebileg was born on in Ulan Bator, Mongolia. Erdenebileg was recruited by Japanese female pro-wrestler Mariko Yoshida in a trip to Mongolia that Yoshida made in . Erdenebileg made her professional wrestling debut on in a tag match with Ran Yu-Yu (Tomoko Miyaguchi)

title: Esui

text: Esui Erdenebilegiin Bolormaa (born on ), better known by her ring name is a Mongolian female pro-wrestler and mixed martial artist. She is considered as Mongolia's first female pro-wrestler and also the first female mixed martial artist from Mongolia. Erdenebileg was born on in Ulan Bator, Mongolia. Erdenebileg was recruited by Japanese female pro-wrestler Mariko Yoshida in a trip to Mongolia that Yoshida made in . Erdenebileg made her professional wrestling debut on in a tag match with Ran Yu-Yu (Tomoko Miyaguchi) as her partner, defeating Tojuki Leon (Rena Takase) and Aya Yuki at the Korakuen Hall. Working for S

title: Luvsandorjiin Sandagdorj

text: (1999-2007). Luvsandorjiin Sandagdorj Luvsandorjiin Sandagdorj (; born 25 October 1934 in Ulan Bator) is Mongolian professional football manager. From February 1999 to January 2000 he was coach of the Mongolia national football team. He made his international debut for Mongolia national football team in 1958. Since 1975 until 1999 he worked as a consultant of the national football team in the Mongolian Football Federation. Also in 1989-1994 he coached the Zamchin FC. Later he coached clubs Monsol FC and Delger FC. In 1999-2000 he was head coach of the Mongolia national football team, and then worked in the MFF Grassroots

title: Luvsandorjiin Sandagdorj

text: Luvsandorjiin Sandagdorj Luvsandorjiin Sandagdorj (; born 25 October 1934 in Ulan Bator) is Mongolian professional football manager. From February 1999 to January 2000 he was coach of the Mongolia national football team. He made his international debut for Mongolia national football team in 1958. Since 1975 until 1999 he worked as a consultant of the national football team in the Mongolian Football Federation. Also in 1989-1994 he coached the Zamchin FC. Later he coached clubs Monsol FC and Delger FC. In 1999-2000 he was head coach of the Mongolia national football team, and then worked in the MFF Grassroots Football

title: The Way Back

text: continue to Ulan Bator, but soon they see images of Stalin and a red star. Janusz realises that Mongolia is under communist control and since China is at war with Japan, tells the group they should take refuge in British India. As they continue south across the Gobi Desert, lack of water, sandstorms, sunburn, blisters and sunstroke weaken the group. Irena collapses several times and soon dies. A few days later Tomasz collapses and dies. Smith is on the verge of death, but after being motivated by Janusz, Zoran and Voss, decides to rejoin the group and the severely dehydrated