query: What is the primary language of the Philippines?

title: Spanish language in the Philippines

text: Spanish language in the Philippines Spanish was the official language of the Philippines from the beginning of Spanish rule in the late 16th century, through the conclusion of the Spanish–American War in 1898. It remained, along with English, as co-official language until 1987. It was at first removed in 1973 by a constitutional change, but after a few months it was re-designated an official language by presidential decree and remained official until 1987, with the present Constitution re-designating it instead as an "optional and voluntary language". Philippine Spanish () is a variant of standard Spanish, spoken in the Philippines by

title: Spanish language in the Philippines

text: Spanish literature were written in the Philippines". During her visit to the Philippines in July 2012, Sofia of Spain expressed her support for the Spanish language to be revived in Philippine schools. On September 11, 2012, saying that there were 318 Spanish-trained basic education teachers in the Philippines, Philippine secretary of the Department of Education Armin Luistro announced an agreement with the Chilean government to train Filipino school teachers in Spanish. In exchange, the Philippines would help train Chilean teachers in English. Since the independence of the Philippines from Spain (1898), the dialect has lost most of its speakers and

title: Bible translations into the languages of the Philippines

text: Tagalog. Most Protestant denominations use the New International Version of the Bible, as English is the official language of the Philippines. However, Mainline Protestant denominations in the Philippines tend to prefer the "Magandang Balita Biblia" (Good News Bible). The Iglesia ni Cristo also uses the same translation. Jehovah's Witnesses use their own translation of the Bible, the "New World Translation", published in Tagalog, as well as Cebuano and Hiligaynon. Other languages of the Philippines: Bible translations into the languages of the Philippines The Filipino language, based on the Tagalog language (the major dialect), is the national language of the Philippines.

title: Languages of the Philippines

text: Languages of the Philippines There are some 120 to 187 languages and dialects in the Philippines, depending on the method of classification. Almost all are Malayo-Polynesian languages. A number of Spanish-influenced creole varieties generally called Chavacano are also spoken in certain communities. The 1987 constitution designates Filipino as the national language and an official language along with English. While Filipino is used for communication across the country's diverse linguistic groups and is used in popular culture, the government operates mostly using English. Including second-language speakers, there are more speakers of Filipino than English in the Philippines. The other regional languages

title: Languages of the Philippines

text: languages in the Philippines, collectively called Chavacano. These may be split into two major geographical groups: Languages of the Philippines There are some 120 to 187 languages and dialects in the Philippines, depending on the method of classification. Almost all are Malayo-Polynesian languages. A number of Spanish-influenced creole varieties generally called Chavacano are also spoken in certain communities. The 1987 constitution designates Filipino as the national language and an official language along with English. While Filipino is used for communication across the country's diverse linguistic groups and is used in popular culture, the government operates mostly using English. Including second-language

title: Spanish language in the Philippines

text: in the country. Until the Second World War, Spanish was the language of Manila. After the war, the English-speaking U.S. having won three wars [in 1898, against Spain (Spanish–American War); in 1913 (from Philippine–American War to Moro Rebellion) against the Filipino independence; in 1945 against Japan (Philippines Campaign)], the English language was imposed. The Spanish language flourished in the first two decades of the 20th century due to the partial freedom of the press and as an act of defiance against the new rulers. Spanish declined due to the imposition of English as the official language and medium of instruction

title: Spanish language in the Philippines

text: English became adults, the Spanish language was starting to decline rapidly. Still, a very significant community of Filipino Spanish-speakers lived in the bigger cities, with a total population of roughly 300,000. However, with the destruction of Manila during the Japanese occupation in World War II, the heart of the Spanish language in the Philippines was dismantled. Many Spanish-speaking Filipino families perished during the massacre and bombing of the cities and municipalities between 1942 and 1945. By the end of the war, an estimated 1 million Filipinos lost their lives. Some of those Spanish-speakers who survived were forced to migrate in

title: Spanish language in the Philippines

text: numbers at more than 60% of the 9,000,000 Filipinos of that era as Spanish-speakers. In the Eighth Annual Report by the Director of Education, David P. Barrows, dated August 1, 1908, the following observations were made about the use and extension of the Spanish language in the Philippines: A 1916 report by Henry Jones Ford to President Woodrow Wilson said Although the English language had begun to be heavily promoted and used as the medium of education and government proceedings, the majority of literature produced by indigenous Filipinos during this period was in Spanish. Among the great Filipino literary writers

title: Languages of the Philippines

text: inscribed using the writing system. Additionally, the Arabic script is used in the Muslim areas in the southern Philippines. The 1987 Constitution declares Filipino as the national language of the country. Filipino and English are the official languages, with the recognition of the regional languages as auxiliary official in their respective regions (though not specifying any particular languages). Spanish and Arabic are to be promoted on an optional and voluntary basis. Spanish was the official language of the country for more than three centuries under Spanish colonial rule, and became the lingua franca of the Philippines in the 19th and

title: Languages of the Philippines

text: sometimes switch to foreign languages when addressing outsiders. Another is the prevalence of code-switching to English when speaking in both their first language and Tagalog. The Constitution of the Philippines provides for the use of the vernacular languages as official auxiliary languages in provinces where Filipino is not the lingua franca. Filipinos at large are polyglots; In the case where the vernacular language is a regional language, Filipinos would speak in Filipino when speaking in formal situations while the regional languages are spoken in non-formal settings. This is evident in major urban areas outside Metro Manila like Camarines Norte in

title: Languages of the Philippines

text: as spoken in the capital, Manila; however, organizations such as the University of the Philippines began publishing dictionaries such as the "UP Diksyonaryong Filipino" in which words from various Philippine languages were also included. The present constitution is also the first to give recognition to other regional languages. The constitution also made mention of Spanish and Arabic, both of which are to be promoted on a voluntary and optional basis. Filipino is an official language of education and also the major language of the broadcast media and cinema, but less important than English as a language of publication (except in

title: Exarchate of the Philippines

text: called a "cathedral" because it is the only church in the metropolis blessed by the Ecumenical Patriarch. Two other churches, in Cataingan and Los Baños, have since been established, along with a few other chapels. There are three major centres of Orthodoxy in the Philippines: Sucat, Parañaque in Metro Manila; around Los Baños; and in Bajada, Cataingan, Masbate. There are currently five priests and two monastic nuns in the Philippines. The Divine Liturgy and other Orthodox worship services are said in English, Greek and the local language. One more church, the Holy Cross Orthodox Church in Siniloan, Laguna, is functioning

title: Revenue stamps of the Philippines

text: Tagalog (the native language of the Philippines) as a statement against Spanish colonialism. After the war, the Republic of the Philippines issued new cattle registrations inscribed "Republic of the Philippines" and reverted to English and Spanish text. The Commonwealth of the Philippines was officially restored in October 1944 when General Douglas MacArthur landed at Leyte with U.S. forces. Although the Japanese Occupation didn't end until the surrender of Japan in September 1945, the Commonwealth government retained administration of the islands until July 4, 1946 when the U.S. officially granted full sovereignty and independence to the Philippines. Many of the pre-war

title: Spanish language in the Philippines

text: the later years. After the war, Spanish became increasingly marginalized at an official level. As English and American-influenced pop culture increased, the use of Spanish in all aspects gradually declined. In 1962, when President Diosdado Macapagal decreed that the Philippines mark independence day on June 12 instead of July 4 which the country gained complete independence from the United States, it revealed a tendency to paint Spain as the villain and the United States as saviour, or the more benevolent colonial power. The Spanish language and Hispanic culture was demonized again. In 1973, Spanish briefly lost its status as an

title: Demographics of the Philippines

text: reached 17,000,000. Manila's population was 684,000. By then, some 27% of the population could speak English as a second language, while the number of Spanish speakers as first language had further fallen to 3% from 10-14% at the beginning of the century. In 1936, Tagalog was selected to be the basis for a national language. In 1987, the Tagalog language was imposed as the national language. In 1960, the government of the Philippines conducted a survey on both population, and housing. The population was pegged at 27,087,685. Successive surveys were again conducted on 1970, 1975, 1980, and 1990, which gave

title: Culture of the Philippines

text: became a U.S. territory for almost 50 years. Influence from the United States is manifested in the wide use of the English language, media and in the modern culture and clothing of present-day Philippines. Being a colony of the Spanish Empire for almost 300 years, the Spaniards introduced European colonial architecture to the Philippines. The introduction of Christianity brought European churches and architecture which subsequently became the center of most towns and cities in the nation. The Spaniards also introduced stones and rocks as housing and building materials and the Filipinos merged it with their existing architecture and forms a

title: Malay language in the Philippines

text: Spanish "moro", the Muslim peoples of the Philippines refer to themselves Moro which comes from a Spanish word meaning "moor". These people more-less do not consider themselves "Filipino". The treatment of the Muslim peoples of Mindanao by the Christian-dominated government in the Philippines during the 1970s also worsened any hopes of Malay ever being revived into nationwide use again. Today Filipino and English are the official languages of the Philippines. There are also misconceptions in the Philippines between Ethnic Malays and Malay race. While it is true that certain Filipino ethnic groups (namely the Visayans and Maguindanao) contain Malay ancestors;

title: Philippine Academy of the Spanish Language

text: of Mexican and Hispanic American emigration to the Spanish East Indies over the years. In the Philippines, even if the official languages are Filipino and English, it is clear that Spanish is considered a "de facto" official language, as Section 7, Article XIV of the present 1987 Philippine Constitution specifies Spanish (along with Arabic) as a language to "be promoted on a voluntary and optional basis". Spanish was the language of government, education and trade throughout the three centuries (333 years) of the Philippines being part of the Spanish Empire and continued to serve as a "lingua franca" until the

title: Languages of the Philippines

text: 1762 when the British invaded Manila, but this was a brief episode that had no lasting influence. English later became more important and widespread during American rule between 1898 and 1946, and remains an official language of the Philippines. English is used in official documents of business, government, the legal system, medicine, the sciences and as a medium of instruction. Filipinos prefer textbooks for subjects like calculus, physics, chemistry, biology, etc., written in English rather than Filipino. However, the topics are usually taught, even in colleges, in Tagalog or the local language. By way of contrast, native languages are often

title: Languages of the Philippines

text: early 20th centuries. In 1863, a Spanish decree introduced universal education, creating free public schooling in Spanish. It was also the language of the Philippine Revolution, and the 1899 Malolos Constitution effectively proclaimed it as the official language of the First Philippine Republic. National hero José Rizal wrote most of his works in Spanish. Luciano de la Rosa established that Spanish was spoken by a total of 60% of the population in the early 20th century as a first, second or third language. Following the American occupation of the Philippines and the imposition of English, the use of Spanish declined

title: Spanish language in the Philippines

text: the need of teaching Spanish to the wider population. The primary instruction and the teaching of the Spanish language was compulsory. The Educational Decree provided for the establishment of at least one primary school for boys and girls in each town and governed by the municipal government. A Normal School for male teachers was established and was supervised by the Jesuits. In 1866, the total population of the Philippines was only 4,411,261. The total public schools was 841 for boys and 833 for girls and the total number of children attending these schools was 135,098 boys and 95,260 girls. In

title: Malay language in the Philippines

text: is home to the Indonesian School which caters to expatriates in Mindanao and aims to protect Indonesian language and culture among the expatriate community. Indonesian is also taught as a foreign language in the University of the Philippines. Since 2013, the Indonesian Embassy in the Philippines has given basic Indonesian language courses to 16 batches of Filipino students, as well as training to members of the Armed Forces of the Philippines. Due to increasing demand among students, the Embassy will open an intermediate Indonesian language course later in the year. The Indonesian Embassy in Washington, D.C., USA also began offering

title: Malay language in the Philippines

text: are retained. The other predominant, and the proper dialect of Malay spoken in the Philippines is Indonesian, which is spoken by Indonesians who have either settled or do business in the Philippines. It is also learned as a foreign language, by students and members of the armed forces. The use of Malay was a result of extensive interactions between the native kingdoms in the Philippines and the various ancient Malay civilizations that existed in modern-day Brunei, Malaysia and Indonesia as it was the trade language of the entire Maritime Southeast Asian region. The Laguna Copperplate Inscription, the earliest-known document found

title: Malay language in the Philippines

text: be noted that the dissemination of the Malay language was also through the usage of Malay books in the study of Islam. Malay language in the Philippines Malay is spoken by a minority of Filipinos, particularly in the Sulu Archipelago and parts of Mindanao, mostly in the form of trade and creole languages. Historically, Malay was spoken as a "lingua franca" prior to the Spanish colonization of the Philippines and Malay was the language spoken by the aristocracy. Ferdinand Magellan used a Malay servant Enrique of Malacca to converse with the Visayans. This variant is known as Old Malay. Even

title: Spanish language in the Philippines

text: but with a different meaning. A sample is shown below: The following words do not fall under false friends. They are still a source of confusion: Although the greatest linguistic impact and loanwords have been from Spanish to the languages of the Philippines, the Philippine languages have also loaned some words to Spanish. The following are some of the words of Philippine origin that can be found in the "Diccionario de la lengua española de la Real Academia Española", the dictionary published by the Real Academia Española: Spanish language in the Philippines Spanish was the official language of the Philippines

title: Spanish language in the Philippines

text: and for those who were practicing the Islamic faith, Moros. The indigenous Aetas were referred to as Negritos. Chinese settlers were called Sangleyes. Japanese settlers were called Japoneses. Those of mixed ancestry were referred to as Mestizos or Tornatrás. In the 1800s, the term "Filipino" gradually became synonymous to anyone born in the Philippines regardless of ethnicity through the effort of the Insulares, from whom, Filipino nationalism began. In 1863, the Spanish language was taught freely when a primary public school system was set up for the entire population. The Spanish-speaking Ilustrados (The Enlightened Ones), which included the Insulares, the

title: Spanish language in the Philippines

text: official language of the Philippines, was quickly redesignated as an official language, and finally did lose official status with the ratification of a subsequent constitution in 1987. The 21st century has seen a revival of interest in the language, with the numbers of those studying it formally at college or taking private courses rising markedly in recent years. Today, the Philippine constitution provides that Spanish shall be promoted on a voluntary and optional basis. A great portion of the history of the Philippines is written in Spanish and, up until recently, many land titles, contracts, newspapers and literature were still

title: Spanish language in the Philippines

text: languages, Chinese dialects, and later Japanese produced a series of pidgins, known as Bamboo Spanish, and the Spanish-based creole Chavacano. At one point these were the language of a substantial proportion of the Philippine population. Unsurprisingly, given that the Philippines was administrated for centuries from New Spain in present-day Mexico, Philippine Spanish is broadly similar to American Spanish, not only in vocabulary, but in pronunciation and grammar. Although the Philippines were not as culturally hispanized as Hispanic America, the Spanish language was the official language used by the civil and judicial administration, and was spoken by the majority of the

title: Malay language in the Philippines

text: Malay language in the Philippines Malay is spoken by a minority of Filipinos, particularly in the Sulu Archipelago and parts of Mindanao, mostly in the form of trade and creole languages. Historically, Malay was spoken as a "lingua franca" prior to the Spanish colonization of the Philippines and Malay was the language spoken by the aristocracy. Ferdinand Magellan used a Malay servant Enrique of Malacca to converse with the Visayans. This variant is known as Old Malay. Even in non-Malay speaking communities, mostly in the Muslim communities, titles of nobility such as "datu" or "rajah" (which themselves originate from Sanskrit)

title: Malay language in the Philippines

text: with the deterioration of Spanish rule, a Pan-Malayan movement began in the Philippines, spearheaded by national hero José Rizal, who had a vision of "uniting the Malayan race" from the bondage of separation by colonial powers. He had actually tried learning the Malay language, having believed it to be an original of Tagalog. Politicians in the Philippines had actually contemplated on renaming the country to "Malaysia", before the actual federation was named so. Some maps had also referred to the area now comprising Philippines, Indonesia and East Malaysia as "Malaysia" as a whole. Malay is related to the native languages

title: Spanish language in the Philippines

text: written in Spanish. Today, Spanish is being somewhat revived in the Philippines by groups rallying to make it a compulsory subject in school. Republic Act No. 9187 was approved on February 5, 2003 and signed by President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo, declaring June 30 of every year as Philippine–Spanish Friendship Day to commemorate the cultural and historical ties, friendship and cooperation between the Philippines and Spain. On July 3, 2006, the Union of Local Authorities of the Philippines created Resolution No. 2006-028 urging the national government to support and promote the teaching of the Spanish language in all public and private universities

title: Spanish language in the Philippines

text: It was the main language of many classical writers and Ilustrados such as Jose Rizal, Andres Bonifacio, Antonio Luna and Marcelo del Pilar. It is regulated by the Academia Filipina de la Lengua Española, the main Spanish-language regulating body in the Philippines, and a member of the Asociación de Academias de la Lengua Española, the entity which regulates the Spanish language worldwide. Spanish was the language of government, education and trade throughout the three centuries of Spanish rule and continued to serve as a lingua franca until the first half of the 20th century. Spanish was the official language of

title: Languages of the Philippines

text: and Japanese, Korean language is added under the Department of Education (DepEd) Special Program in Foreign Language (SPFL) curriculum. Malay is spoken as a lingua franca in the southernmost parts of the Philippines, from Zamboanga down to Tawi-Tawi among a minority of the Tausug, Sama-Bajau, and Yakan peoples. It is also spoken as a daily language by the Malaysians and Indonesians who have settled, or do business in the Philippines. It is also spoken in southern Palawan to some extent. It is not spoken among the Maranao and Maguindanao peoples. Brunei, Malaysia, Indonesia and the southern Philippines are largely Islamic

title: Spanish language in the Philippines

text: author of the "Philippines: Land of Broken Promises" (New York, 1998), one-sixth of the total population of Filipinos or about 1.5 million died as a direct result of the war. With the era of the Philippines as a Spanish colony with its people as Spanish citizens having just ended, a considerable amount of media, newspapers, radios, and government proceedings were still written and produced in Spanish. By law, the Taft Commission allowed their guests to use the language of their choice. Ironically, the partial freedom of the press allowed by the American rulers served to further promote Spanish-language literacy among

title: Spanish language in the Philippines

text: it might be now close to disappearing. Spanish was the language of government, education and trade throughout the three centuries (333 years) of the Philippines being part of the Spanish Empire and continued to serve as a lingua franca until the first half of the 20th century. In the last decades its use has declined. New developments in the Philippines are slowly reversing this trend. In December 2007, former President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo signed a directive in Spain that require the teaching and learning of the Spanish language in the Philippine school system starting in 2008. The presidential decision had immediate

title: Spanish language in the Philippines

text: a minority today, though it was quite widespread up to the early 20th century. The variant is very similar to Mexican Spanish, because the Philippines was ruled from New Spain in present-day Mexico, for over three centuries. During that period, there was much Spanish and Mexican emigration to the Spanish East Indies. It was the language of the Philippine Revolution and the country's first official language, as proclaimed in the Malolos Constitution of the First Philippine Republic in 1899. It was the language of commerce, law, politics and the arts during the colonial period and well into the 20th century.

title: National Archives of the Philippines

text: the National Library of the Philippines in its Philippine Insurgency Records collection. UNESCO has suggested for the nomination of important documents from the archives into the Memory of the World Register. National Archives of the Philippines The National Archives of the Philippines ( and abbreviated NAP) is an agency of the Republic of the Philippines mandated to collect, store, preserve and make available archival records of the Government and other primary sources pertaining to the history and development of the country. It is the primary records management agency, tasked to formulate and implement the records schedule and vital records protection

title: Languages of the Philippines

text: and the liturgical language of Islam is Arabic, but the vast majority of Muslims in the Philippines have little practical knowledge of Arabic beyond limited religious terminology. Ancient Malaysian and Indonesian cultures and civilizations in ancient Malaya, Sumatra and Java influenced the history, lifestyles, and culture of the Filipino peoples. The Malay language, along with Philippine languages belonging to the Malayo-Polynesian language family, has also had an immense influence on many languages spoken in the Philippines. This is because Old Malay used to be the lingua franca throughout the archipelago, a good example of this is Magellan's translator Enrique using

title: History of the Spanish language

text: academy, and an Association of Spanish Language Academies was created in 1951. Beginning in the 16th century, Spanish colonization brought the language to the Americas (Mexico, Central America, and western and southern South America), where it is spoken today, as well as to several island groups in the Pacific where it is no longer spoken by any large numbers of people: the Philippines, Palau, the Marianas (including Guam), and what is today the Federated States of Micronesia. Use of the language in the Americas was continued by descendants of the Spaniards: Spanish "criollos" and Mestizos. After the wars of independence

title: Spanish language in the Philippines

text: While widely understood by the majority of the population, Spanish at this time was the unifying language since Tagalog was not as prominent or ubiquitous as it is today and each region had their own culture and language, and would rather speak in their local languages. Before the spread of Filipino nationalism, the natives of each region still thought of themselves as Ilocano, Cebuano, Bicolano, Waray, Tagalog etc., and not as Filipinos. The term "Filipino" originally referred to the natives of the Philippines themselves. It was Pedro Chirino, a Spanish Jesuit, who first called the natives "Filipinos," in his book

title: Linguistic Society of the Philippines

text: based on the results of that evaluation, the Policy was revised in 1987. Beginning from research on Philippine languages, the LSP has expanded its scope of research. The organization accommodates various studies related to linguistics and language education such as: From 2015 to 2018, the LSP is handled by a group of elected scholars and academicians from various institutions in the Philippines. Officers Board of Directors Linguistic Society of the Philippines The Linguistic Society of the Philippines, Inc. (or LSP) is a learned society for linguists and language educators based in Manila, Philippines. It was founded in 1969 primarily to

title: Constitution of the Philippines

text: policies including, i.e., the affirmation of labor "as a primary social economic force" (Section 14, Article II); the equal protection of "the life of the mother and the life of the unborn from conception" (Section 12, Article II); the "Filipino family as the foundation of the nation" (Article XV, Section 1); the recognition of Filipino as "the national language of the Philippines" (Section 6, Article XIV), and even a requirement that "all educational institutions shall undertake regular sports activities throughout the country in cooperation with athletic clubs and other sectors." (Section 19.1, Article XIV) Whether these provisions may, by themselves,

title: National Archives of the Philippines

text: National Archives of the Philippines The National Archives of the Philippines ( and abbreviated NAP) is an agency of the Republic of the Philippines mandated to collect, store, preserve and make available archival records of the Government and other primary sources pertaining to the history and development of the country. It is the primary records management agency, tasked to formulate and implement the records schedule and vital records protection programs for the government. The Archives, as it is organized today, was a result of the passage of Republic Act 9470 in 2007, but its roots can be traced back to

title: Demographics of the Philippines

text: has been a phased implementation of a new program. The K to 12 Program covers kindergarten and 12 years of basic education (six years of primary education, four years of junior high school, and two years of senior high school [SHS]). Demographics of the Philippines Demography of the Philippines records the human population, including its population density, ethnicity, education level, health, economic status, religious affiliations, and other aspects. The Philippines annualised population growth rate between the years 2010-2015 was 1.72%. According to the 2015 census, the population of the Philippines is 100,981,437. The first census in the Philippines was held

title: Spanish language in the Philippines

text: universities played a crucial role in the development of the Spanish language in the islands. Colegio de Manila in Intramuros was founded in 1590. The Colegio formally opened in 1595, and was one of the first schools in the Philippines. During the same year, the University of San Carlos in Cebú, was established as the Colegio de San Ildefonso by the Jesuits. In 1611, the University of Santo Tomás, considered as the oldest existing university in Asia, was inaugurated in Manila by the Dominicans. In the 18th century, fluent male Spanish speakers in the Philippines were generally the graduates of

title: Spanish language in the Philippines

text: and colleges in the Philippines. On December 17, 2007, the Department of Education issued Memorandum No. 490, s. 2007 encouraging secondary schools to offer basic and advanced Spanish in the 3rd and 4th year levels respectively, as an elective. , there was a growing demand for Spanish-speaking agents in the call center industry as well as in the business process outsourcing in the Philippines for the Spanish and American market. Around 7,000 students were enrolled in the Spanish language classes of the Instituto Cervantes de Manila for the school year 2007–2008. On December 11, 2008, the Department of Education issued

title: Spanish language in the Philippines

text: newspaper, "E-Dyario", the first Spanish digital newspaper published in the Philippines, and "Filipinas, Ahora Mismo" was a nationally syndicated, 60-minute, cultural radio magazine program in the Philippines broadcast daily in Spanish for two years in the 2000s. Since the emergence of social media, Spanish speaking Filipinos have tended to use these more modern forms to continue publishing in Spanish language. There are approximately 4,000 Spanish words in Tagalog (between 20% and 33% of Tagalog words), and around 6,000 Spanish words in Visayan and other Philippine languages. The Spanish counting system, calendar, time, etc. are still in use with slight modifications.

title: Spanish language in the Philippines

text: In 1869, a new Spanish constitution brought to the Philippines universal suffrage and a free press. "El Boletín de Cebú", the first Spanish newspaper in Cebu City, was published in 1886. In Manila, the Spanish language had been more or less widespread, to the point where it has been estimated at around 50% of the population knew Spanish in the late 19th century. In his 1898 book "Yesterdays in the Philippines", covering a period beginning in 1893, the American Joseph Earle Stevens, an American who resided in Manila from 1893 to 1894, wrote: Long contact between Spanish and the local

title: Spanish language in the Philippines

text: as a secondary language. Spanish was first introduced to the Philippines in 1565, when the conquistador, Miguel López de Legazpi, founded the first Spanish settlement on the island of Cebú. The Philippines, ruled first from Mexico City and later from Madrid, was a Spanish territory for 333 years (1565–1898). Schooling was a priority, however. The Augustinians opened a school immediately upon arriving in Cebú in 1565; the Franciscans followed suit when they arrived in 1577, as did the Dominicans when they arrived in 1587. Besides religious instruction, these schools taught how to read and write and imparted industrial and agricultural

title: What Is the What

text: What Is the What What Is the What: The Autobiography of Valentino Achak Deng is a 2006 novel written by Dave Eggers. It is based on the life of Valentino Achak Deng, a Sudanese child refugee who immigrated to the United States under the Lost Boys of Sudan program. It was a finalist for the National Book Award. As a boy, Achak is separated from his family during the Second Sudanese Civil War when the Arab militia, referred to as "murahaleen" (which is Arabic for the deported), wipes out his Dinka village, Marial Bai. During the assault, he loses sight

title: What Is the What

text: That Happens Will Happen Today". Tom Tykwer plans to adapt the novel into a film. In 2009, the novel received the Prix Médicis étranger in France. What Is the What What Is the What: The Autobiography of Valentino Achak Deng is a 2006 novel written by Dave Eggers. It is based on the life of Valentino Achak Deng, a Sudanese child refugee who immigrated to the United States under the Lost Boys of Sudan program. It was a finalist for the National Book Award. As a boy, Achak is separated from his family during the Second Sudanese Civil War when

title: Flag of the Philippines

text: National Historical Commission of the Philippines) and may last until June 30. Flag of the Philippines The National Flag of the Philippines () is a horizontal flag bicolor with equal bands of royal blue and scarlet, and with a white, equilateral triangle at the hoist. In the center of the triangle is a golden-yellow sun with eight primary rays, each representing a Philippine province. At each vertex of the triangle is a five-pointed, golden-yellow star, each of which representing one of the country's three main island groups—Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao, the central star originally referred to Panay. A unique feature

title: Languages of the Philippines

text: the University of the Philippines. Also, the Indonesian School in Davao City teaches the language to preserve the culture of Indonesian immigrants there. The Indonesian Embassy in Manila also offers occasional classes for Filipinos and foreigners. Since 2013, the Indonesian Embassy in the Philippines has given basic Indonesian language training to members of the Armed Forces of the Philippines. In an interview, Department of Education Secretary Armin Luistro said that the country's government should promote Indonesian and Malaysian, which are both related to Filipino and other Philippine languages. Thus, the possibility of offering it as an optional subject in public

title: Prehistory of the Philippines

text: Prehistory of the Philippines The prehistory of the Philippines covers the events prior to the written history of what is now the Philippines. The current demarcation between this period and the Early history of the Philippines is 21 April 900, which is the equivalent on the Proleptic Gregorian calendar for the date indicated on the Laguna Copperplate Inscription—the earliest known surviving written record to come from the Philippines. This period saw the immense change that took hold of the archipelago from Stone Age cultures in the fourth century, continuing on with the gradual widening of trade until 900 and the

title: Prehistory of the Philippines

text: old theories are adapted or new ones developed, which has led to numerous and sometimes conflicting theories about the prehistory of the Philippines, leading to a lack of consensus among archaeologists and historians. Prehistory of the Philippines The prehistory of the Philippines covers the events prior to the written history of what is now the Philippines. The current demarcation between this period and the Early history of the Philippines is 21 April 900, which is the equivalent on the Proleptic Gregorian calendar for the date indicated on the Laguna Copperplate Inscription—the earliest known surviving written record to come from the

title: Spanish language in the Philippines

text: the Malolos Republic, "for the time being", according to the Malolos Constitution of 1899. Spanish was also the official language of the Cantonal Republic of Negros of 1898 and the Republic of Zamboanga of 1899. During the early part of the U.S. administration of the Philippine Islands, Spanish was widely spoken and relatively well maintained throughout the American colonial period. Even so, Spanish was a language that bound leading men in the Philippines like Trinidad Hermenegildo Pardo de Tavera y Gorricho to President Sergio Osmeña and his successor, President Manuel Roxas. As a senator, Manuel L. Quezon (later President), delivered

title: National symbols of the Philippines

text: National symbols of the Philippines The national symbols of the Philippines consist of symbols that represent Philippine traditions and ideals and convey the principles of sovereignty and national solidarity of the Filipino people. Some of these symbols are stated in the Flag and Heraldic Code of the Philippines, which is also known as Republic Act 8491. The national language of the Philippines is Filipino as stated in the Constitution of the Philippines. Aside from those stated symbols in the Constitution and in Republic Act 8491, there are only five official national symbols of the Philippines enacted through law, namely sampaguita

title: Languages of the Philippines

text: language, Tao (or Yami) is part of the Batanic languages which includes Ivatan, Babuyan, and Itbayat of the "Batanes". Below are population estimates from the 2000 Philippine census by the Philippine Statistics Authority on the number of Filipinos who speak the following 18 languages as a native language. Endangered and extinct languages in the Philippines are based on the 3rd world volume released by UNESCO in 2010. Degree of endangerment (UNESCO standard) In a separate study by Thomas N. Headland, the Summer Institute of Linguistics in Dallas, and the University of North Dakota called "Thirty Endangered Languages in the Philippines",

title: Spanish language in the Philippines

text: results. The Under-Secretary of the Department of Education, Vilma L. Labrador, circulated a Memorandum (17/XII/2007), on the ""Restoration of the Spanish language in Philippine Education"". In it, the Department mandates secondary schools to offer basic and advanced Spanish. There has been a resurgence of learning Spanish among Filipinos, for various reasons. Interest in the language and recuperation of it as part of their history, namely their written, cultural history, interest in their connection to the Spanish-speaking world, among others. Due to the huge demand for Spanish speakers among business process outsourcing companies in the Philippines, Filipinos are flocking to Instituto

title: Provinces of the Philippines

text: Provinces of the Philippines The Provinces of the Philippines (Filipino: "Mga Lalawigan ng Pilipinas/Mga Probinsya ng Pilipinas") are the primary political and administrative divisions of the Philippines. There are 81 provinces at present, further subdivided into component cities and municipalities. The National Capital Region, as well as independent cities, are independent of any provincial government. Each province is governed by an elected legislature called the Sangguniang Panlalawigan and by an elected governor. The provinces are grouped into 17 regions based on geographical, cultural, and ethnological characteristics. Fourteen of these regions are designated with numbers corresponding to their geographic location in

title: National symbols of the Philippines

text: excluding national heroes that were enacted through Philippine law. Here are the lists of national symbols that have no official status. National symbols of the Philippines The national symbols of the Philippines consist of symbols that represent Philippine traditions and ideals and convey the principles of sovereignty and national solidarity of the Filipino people. Some of these symbols are stated in the Flag and Heraldic Code of the Philippines, which is also known as Republic Act 8491. The national language of the Philippines is Filipino as stated in the Constitution of the Philippines. Aside from those stated symbols in the

title: Malay language in the Philippines

text: the ethnic Malays themselves are focused around Malay peninsular, eastern Sumatra, coastal Borneo and southern Thailand. The Malay race compasses a larger class of Austronesian ethnic groups in the entire Malay Archipelago. This results in false labels to pre-occupation rulers such as Lapu-Lapu, the famous native chief who killed Magellan as a Malay and a Muslim although he was ethnically Visayan who spoke old Cebuano and whose religious background is obscure. The Indonesian language, which is the official dialect of Malay spoken in the Philippines' southern neighbor Indonesia, has a notable presence of speakers in Davao City since the city

title: Culture of the Philippines

text: Culture of the Philippines The culture of the Philippines is a combination of cultures of the East and West. Filipino identity was created primarily as a result of pre-colonial cultures, colonial influences and Chinese traders intermixing together; gradually evolving into a uniquely Filipino identity. In pre-colonial times, the Philippines was a divided set of nations, islands and tribes being ruled by their own kings, chieftains, lakans, rajahs, datus and sultans. Every nation has its own identity and some are even part of a larger empire outside of what is now the Philippines. Manila, for example, was once part of the

text: Bible translations into the languages of the Philippines The Filipino language, based on the Tagalog language (the major dialect), is the national language of the Philippines. The Christian Bible has been translated into numerous Philippine languages. Portions of the Bible were first translated by Spanish friars into the Philippine languages in the catechisms and prayer materials they produced. The Doctrina Cristiana (1593) was the first book published in Tagalog Baybayin Script. Protestants published "Ang Biblia" in 1905 in Tagalog, based on the Spanish version of the Protestant canon. Jose C. Abriol, Filipino Catholic priest, translated from Hebrew and Greek into

title: National symbols of the Philippines

text: the Philippines, stipulates the code for national flag, anthem, motto, coat-of-arms and other heraldic items and devices of the Philippines. According to Article XIV Section 6 of the Constitution of the Philippines, the national language of the Philippines is Filipino. Apart from RA 8491 and the Constitution, the Philippines has only five official national symbols enacted either through a proclamation by the executive department or through a Republic Act by the legislative department, namely sampaguita, narra, the Philippine eagle, the Philippine pearl and arnis. In 1934, during the Commonwealth era, Governor-General Frank Murphy declared sampaguita and narra as national flower

title: Flag of the Philippines

text: Flag of the Philippines The National Flag of the Philippines () is a horizontal flag bicolor with equal bands of royal blue and scarlet, and with a white, equilateral triangle at the hoist. In the center of the triangle is a golden-yellow sun with eight primary rays, each representing a Philippine province. At each vertex of the triangle is a five-pointed, golden-yellow star, each of which representing one of the country's three main island groups—Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao, the central star originally referred to Panay. A unique feature of this flag is its ability to indicate a state of war

title: Architecture of the Philippines

text: be vibrant and with the country opening up to the world, more first rate architecture is pouring in. The Cultural Center of the Philippines Complex is home to the National Theater ("Tanghalang Pambansa"). The theater is the centerpiece of the 77 hectare (190 acres) arts and culture complex located along Roxas Boulevard in Manila. Designed by Leandro V. Locsin, the construction of the National Theater began in 1966 and was completed in 1969. The theater is a primary example of the architect's signature style known as the floating volume, a trait can be seen in structures indigenous to the Philippines

title: Commonwealth of the Philippines

text: Nacionalista Party, was at first unicameral, but later bicameral. In 1937, the government selected Tagalog – the language of Manila and its surrounding provinces – as the basis of the national language, although it would be many years before its usage became general. Women's suffrage was adopted and the economy recovered to its pre-Depression level before the Japanese occupation in 1942. The Commonwealth government went into exile from 1942 to 1945, when the Philippines was under Japanese occupation. In 1946, the Commonwealth ended and the Philippines claimed full sovereignty as provided for in Article XVIII of the 1935 Constitution. The

title: Culture of the Philippines

text: was during Spanish colonization that Chinese influence truly left their mark on what is now the Philippines. The blending of indigenous, colonial and external influence is very evident in the historic arts and traditions of the Philippines. The Philippines was first settled by Negritos; today, although few in numbers, they preserve a very traditional way of life and culture. After them, the Austronesians arrived on the archipelago. Today, the Austronesian culture is strongly evident in the ethnicities, languages, cuisine, music, dance and almost every aspect of the culture. These Austronesians engaged in trading with other Austronesians, particularly in the neighbouring

title: League of Cities of the Philippines

text: League of Cities of the Philippines The League of Cities of the Philippines – or more simply the League of Cities or LCP – is a formal organization of all the cities in the Philippines. Presently, 145 cities are part of this organization. Its creation and purpose is mandated by Section 499 of the Republic Act 7160, otherwise known as the Local Government Code of 1991, as amended, which states: There shall be an organization of all cities to be known as the League of Cities for the primary purpose of ventilating, articulating and crystallizing issues affecting city government administration,

title: League of Provinces of the Philippines

text: League of Provinces of the Philippines The League of Provinces of the Philippines - or more simply the League of Provinces or LPP - is a formal organization of all the provinces in the Philippines. Presently, eighty-one provinces are part of this organization. Its creation and purpose is mandated by Section 502 of the Republic Act 7160, otherwise known as the Local Government Code of 1991, as amended, which states: There shall be an organization of all provinces to be known as the League of Provinces for the primary purpose of ventilating, articulating and crystallizing issues affecting provincial and metropolitan

title: League of Municipalities of the Philippines

text: League of Municipalities of the Philippines The League of Municipalities of the Philippines - or more simply the League of Municipalities or LMP - is a formal organization of all the municipalities in the Philippines. Presently, sixty eight municipalities are part of this organization. Its creation and purpose is mandated by Section 496 of the Republic Act 7160, otherwise known as the Local Government Code of 1991, as amended, which states: There shall be an organization of all municipalities to be known as league of municipalities for the primary purpose of ventilating, articulating and crystallizing issues affecting municipal government administration,

title: Languages of the Philippines

text: Bicol where they are spoken. The final translation is in Tagalog. Below is a chart of Philippine languages. While there have been misunderstandings on which ones should be classified as "language" and which ones should be classified as "dialect", the chart confirms that most have similarities, yet are not mutually comprehensible. These languages are arranged according to the regions they are natively spoken (from north to south, then east to west). There is a language spoken by the Tao people (also known as Yami) of Orchid Island of Taiwan which is not included in the language of the Philippines. Their

title: Coat of arms of the Philippines

text: Coat of arms of the Philippines The Coat of arms of the Philippines () or sometimes in () features the eight-rayed sun of the Philippines with each ray representing the eight provinces (Batangas, Bulacan, Cavite, Manila, Laguna, Nueva Ecija, Pampanga and Tarlac) which were placed under martial law by Governor-General Ramón Blanco during the Philippine Revolution, and the three five-pointed stars representing the three primary geographic regions of Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao. On the blue field on the dexter side is the North American bald eagle of the United States, and on the red field on the sinister side is

title: Indigenous peoples of the Philippines

text: Indigenous peoples of the Philippines The Philippines consist of a large number of upland and lowland ethnolinguistic groups living in the country. The highland ethnic nations have co-existed with the lowland Austronesian ethnic groups for thousands of years in the Philippine archipelago. The primary difference is that they were not absorbed by centuries of Spanish and United States colonization of the Philippines, and in the process have retained their customs and traditions. This is mainly due to the rugged inaccessibility of the mountains, which discouraged Spanish and American colonizers from coming into contact with the highlanders. The indigenous peoples of

title: Education in the Philippines

text: 1593. In 1610, Tomas Pinpin, a Filipino printer, writer and publisher, who is sometimes referred to as the "Patriarch of Filipino Printing", wrote his famous ""Librong Pagaaralan nang manga Tagalog nang Uicang Castilla"", which was meant to help Filipinos learn the Spanish language. The prologue read: The Educational Decree of 1863 provided a free public education system in the Philippines, managed by the government. The decree mandated the establishment of at least one primary school for boys and one for girls in each town under the responsibility of the municipal government, and the establishment of a normal school for male

title: Super regions of the Philippines

text: for Western Visayas region in tandem with Kalibo Airport. also known as "Agribusiness Mindanao" Super Region. The "super" regions shall have the following primary, through not exclusive, development themes: The Development Champions are the following: Each "super" region shall have a designated Development Champion whose mandate is to: Super regions of the Philippines The "super" regions of the Philippines are an informal, and "de facto" defunct, grouping of parts of regions and provinces of the Philippines based on their economic strengths. According to Executive Order No. 561, which establishes these regions, The creation of "super" regions was first proposed by

title: Cinema of the Philippines

text: cinema history by making them available to the public. The Movie Workers Welfare Foundation Inc. or MOWELFUND was organized and established in 1974 by former President Joseph E. Estrada who was then president of the Philippine Motion Picture Producers Association (PMPPA). Its primary purpose is to provide aid to movie workers such as medical, livelihood and housing benefits. Cinema of the Philippines The cinema of the Philippines (Filipino: "Pelikulang Pilipino" or "Sine Pilipino") began with the introduction of the first moving pictures to the country on January 1, 1897 at the "Salón de Pertierra" in Manila. The following year, local

title: History of the Philippines

text: both tools like adzes and chisels, and ornaments such as lingling-o earrings, bracelets and beads. Nephrite, otherwise known as "Jade", is a mineral widely used throughout Asia as ornaments or for decorative purposes. The oldest jade artefacts in Asia (6000 BC) were found in China where they were used as the primary hardstone of Chinese sculpturing. In 3000 BC, jade production in the Hongsan and Liangzhu cultures of China reached its peak. During this period, the knowledge of jade craftsmanship spread across the sea to Taiwan and eventually to the Philippines. The artefacts discovered in several sites in the Philippines

title: Centrist Democratic Party of the Philippines

text: Centrist Democratic Party of the Philippines The Centrist Democratic Party of the Philippines (CDP) is a Christian democratic party in the Philippines. Created in 2010, it is headed by Cagayan de Oro representative Rufus Rodriguez. The party aims to "institutionalize an alternative to patronage-oriented political parties". The party recognizes Senators Manuel Manahan and Raul Manglapus as the earliest proponents of Christian democracy in the Philippines. The party also recognizes Ninoy Aquino and Aquilino Pimentel, Jr as primary proponents of the ideology in the country. Lito Monico Lorenzana, one of the members of the cabinet of President Corazon Aquino, founded the

title: Languages of the Philippines

text: or kingdoms in Luzon and direct interactions and trade overall within the archipelago as a whole may go as far back as the early 10th century. Mandarin Chinese is the medium of instruction in Chinese schools and the lingua franca of mainland and overseas Chinese. However, the Lan-nang variant of Hokkien Chinese is the majority language the Chinese in the Philippines, who immigrated from the Fujian (pronounced locally as Fukkien or Hokkien) province in China. Other varieties of Chinese such as Hakka and Yue Chinese (especially Cantonese) are spoken among a few Chinese in the Philippines whose ancestral roots trace

title: Spanish language in the Philippines

text: Spanish language and in other subjects. Between 1600 and 1865, a number of colleges and universities were established, which graduated many important colonial officials and church prelates, bishops, and archbishops—several of whom served the churches in Hispanic America. The increased level of education eventually led to the rise of the Ilustrados. In 1846, French traveler Jean Baptiste Mallat was surprised at how advanced Philippine schools were. In 1865, the government inaugurated the Escuela Normal ("Normal School", later Philippine Normal University), an institute to train future primary school teachers. At the same time, primary schooling was made compulsory for all children.

title: What Is the What

text: writes: "Over the course of many years, Dave and I have collaborated to tell my story... I told [him] what I knew and what I could remember, and from that material he created this work of art." The book is typical of Eggers' style: blending non-fictional and fictional elements into a non-fiction novel or memoir. By classifying the book a novel, Eggers says, he freed himself to re-create conversations, streamline complex relationships, add relevant detail and manipulate time and space in helpful ways—all while maintaining the essential truthfulness of the storytelling. However, not all critics were impressed. Lee Siegel sees

title: Languages of the Philippines

text: the Philippines has 32 endangered languages, but 2 of the listed languages in the study are written with 0 speakers, noting that they are extinct or probably extinct. All of the listed languages are Negrito languages, the oldest languages in the Philippines. There have been numerous proposals to conserve the many languages of the Philippines. According to the Komisyon ng Wikang Filipino, there are 135 ethno-linguistic groups in the country, each having their own distinct Philippine language. Among the proposals include (1) ""establishing a dictionary & sentence construction manual"" for each of the 135 living languages in the country, (2)

title: Spanish language in the Philippines

text: languages. Also, under this Constitution, Spanish, together with Arabic, was designated an optional and voluntary language. There are thousands of Spanish loanwords in 170 native Philippine languages, and Spanish orthography has influenced the spelling system used for writing most of these languages. According to the 1990 Philippine census, there were 2,660 native Spanish speakers in the Philippines. In 2013 there were also 3,325 Spanish residents. However, there are 439,000 Spanish speakers with native knowledge, which accounts for just 0.5% of the population (92,337,852 at the 2010 census). In 1998, there were 1.8 million Spanish speakers including those who spoke Spanish

title: From What Is Before

text: score of 100% rating based on 5 critics. From What Is Before From What Is Before () is a 2014 Filipino drama film directed by Lav Diaz. The film follows a remote town in the Philippines during the 1970s under the Marcos dictatorship. The film had its world premiere in the Philippines on 3 July 2014, and competed at the 2014 Locarno International Film Festival where it won the main prize, the Golden Leopard. The film also had its North American premiere at the 2014 Toronto International Film Festival, under the Wavelengths section. In addition, the film had its Philippine

title: Linguistic Society of the Philippines

text: Linguistic Society of the Philippines The Linguistic Society of the Philippines, Inc. (or LSP) is a learned society for linguists and language educators based in Manila, Philippines. It was founded in 1969 primarily to rally for increased domestic research work on Philippine languages. The organization currently hosts and co-hosts local and international conferences and three memorial lectures. The LSP also publishes its own international peer-reviewed scholarly journal entitled the "Philippine Journal of Linguistics" (PJL). Among notable people involved with the organization were linguists David Zorc and Lawrence Reid and former Department of Education, Culture and Sports secretary Andrew Gonzalez. For

title: From What Is Before

text: From What Is Before From What Is Before () is a 2014 Filipino drama film directed by Lav Diaz. The film follows a remote town in the Philippines during the 1970s under the Marcos dictatorship. The film had its world premiere in the Philippines on 3 July 2014, and competed at the 2014 Locarno International Film Festival where it won the main prize, the Golden Leopard. The film also had its North American premiere at the 2014 Toronto International Film Festival, under the Wavelengths section. In addition, the film had its Philippine screening for free at 21 September 2014. The

title: In What Language?

text: In What Language? In What Language? is a studio album by American jazz pianist Vijay Iyer recorded with hip-hop artist Mike Ladd. The album was released on via Pi Recordings label. Joe Tangari of "Piitchfork" mentioned "What might make "In What Language?" truly important, though, is that it's focused intently on probing social issues in meaningful ways. We've all spent time lately lamenting the fact that modern music is so apolitical, and this is a good start for an antidote. If it takes a poet and a jazz pianist to expose some truth in an age where the American dream

title: In What Language?

text: eyes, our bodies, our hearts, our minds." In What Language? In What Language? is a studio album by American jazz pianist Vijay Iyer recorded with hip-hop artist Mike Ladd. The album was released on via Pi Recordings label. Joe Tangari of "Piitchfork" mentioned "What might make "In What Language?" truly important, though, is that it's focused intently on probing social issues in meaningful ways. We've all spent time lately lamenting the fact that modern music is so apolitical, and this is a good start for an antidote. If it takes a poet and a jazz pianist to expose some truth

title: Comedy in the Philippines

text: of entertainment is called Rakugo. Japanese Immigrants settled in what is now called the city of Paco, Manila and entertain Filipinos Rakugo and some Japanese teach Filipinos Rakugo until the Spanish replace local entertainment to European-style theaters. Filipinos during the pre-colonial times created their own ritual comedy but these rituals did not survive longer because of the Spanish colonization in the Philippines. The only recorded Filipino ritual comedy is from Legazpi's sailor, "Roque", written in his diary. It is stated that Filipinos are proud from their ritual comedy. Roque is the first Spaniard to study the Tagalog language but in

text: the Philippines, a role that it also played in previous years. Darío Villanueva, director of the Real Academia Española, visited the Philippine Academy of the Spanish Language in July 2017 as part of his official visit to the Philippines. During his visit, where he also presided over a meeting of the Academy's board of directors, he remarked that the Academy served as "the perennial lighthouse of the Spanish language" in the country. Philippine Spanish () is a variant of standard Spanish spoken in the Philippines, albeit by an extreme minority. The historical variant is very similar to Mexican Spanish, because

title: History of medicine in the Philippines

text: used as wrappers of cigarette boxes, strips of banana frond, or wrappings of medicinal leaves. The type of "pull" felt during the massage therapy becomes the basis of what causes the ailment (i.e. the "smoothness" of the pull of the material used or the lingering or hovering or the strength of resistance of the applied material on a specific spot of the patient's body). The mangtatawas (literally "user of "tawas"") determines the cause and nature of illnesses through the use of potassium alum, locally known in the Philippines as "tawas" as one of the primary ingredients. The other materials used

title: Patents in the Philippines

text: and patentability in the country: Republic Act No. 8293 or the "Intellectual Property Code of the Philippines" is the primary law with regards to the copyright law of the Philippines as well as the establishment of the Intellectual Property Office of the Philippines. Republic Act No. 8293 is an amendment of the Revised Penal Code of the Philippines and was legislated in 1997. The Intellectual Property Code of the Philippines encompasses Copyright and Related Rights, Enforcement of IP and Related Laws, Geographical Indications, Industrial Designs, Industrial Property, IP Regulatory Body, Layout Designs of Integrated Circuits, Patents of Inventions, Trade Names,

title: Languages of the Philippines

text: Malay to converse with the native "Sugbuanon" (Cebuano) during this time period. An example of Old Malay and Javanese languages spoken in Philippine history can be seen in the language of the 10th century Laguna Copperplate Inscription. When the Spanish had first arrived in the Philippines in the 16th century, Old Malay was spoken among the aristocracy. It is believed that Ferdinand Magellan’s Moluccan slave Enrique could converse with the local leaders in Cebu Island, confirming to Magellan his arrival in Southeast Asia. Today, Indonesian is taught as a foreign language in the Department of Linguistics and Asian Languages in

title: Commission on Audit of the Philippines

text: Commission on Audit of the Philippines The Commission on Audit, abbreviated as COA (), is an independent constitutional commission established by the Constitution of the Philippines. It has the primary function to examine, audit and settle all accounts and expenditures of the funds and properties of the Philippine government. The Commission on Audit is composed of a Chairperson and two Commissioners. They must be natural-born citizens of at least thirty-five years of age, and must be either a Certified Public Accountant or a lawyer. The members of the Commission are appointed by the President of the Philippines, with the consent

title: Sovereignty of the Philippines

text: which is not dependent on, or subject to any other power or state. As a practical matter, the question of sovereignty for the Philippines did not arise until near the end of the 19th century. The constitutive theory of statehood was developed in the 19th century to define what is and is not a state. With this theory, statehood depends on an entity's recognition by other countries. Although they were not the first Europeans in the Philippines, the first well documented arrival of western Europeans in the archipelago was the Spanish expedition led by Portuguese-born Spanish explorer Ferdinand Magellan, which

title: Prehistory of the Philippines

text: 35-kilometer- thick crust underneath China does not reach the Philippines. Thus, the latter could not have been a land bridge to the Asian mainland. The matter of who the first settlers were has not been really resolved. This is being disputed by anthropologists, as well as Professor H. Otley Beyer, who claims that the first inhabitants of the Philippines came from the Malay Peninsula. The Malays now constitute the largest portion of the populace and what Filipinos now have is an Austronesian culture. Philippine historian William Henry Scott has pointed out that Palawan and the Calamianes Islands are separated from

title: Prehistory of the Philippines

text: subsequent study of the second alternative, Scott concludes that the Philippine language tree could have been introduced by Austronesian speakers as long ago as 5000 BC, probably from the north, with their descendants expanding throughout the Philippine archipelago and beyond in succeeding millennia, absorbing or replacing sparse populations already present, and their language diversifying into dozens of mutually unintelligible languages which replaced earlier ones. During those millennia, other Austronesian speakers entered the Philippines in large enough numbers to leave a linguistic mark but not to replace established languages. Scott suggested that if this scenario is correct all present Philippine languages

title: In What Language?

text: is being able to watch TV and play video games at the same time, so be it. We can only hope it inspires real discourse and real thought." Lyn Horton of All About Jazz noted "A concrete lesson seems to emanate from "In What Language?" and it is this: that no matter what language distinguishes the nature of the present global geo-political culture, the language spoken has a clear and consistent meaning borne in its content. The language transcends any dialect. And if we are determined enough, within our commonly shared humanity, we can speak the same language. In our