query: When was the first kidney transplant?

title: Head transplant

text: in his honor by offering him a bloody replica of a human head. Others called his house asking for "Dr. Butcher". When White testified in a civil hearing about Dr. Sam Sheppard's murder case, lawyer Terry Gilbert compared Dr. White to Dr. Frankenstein. The People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals described White's experiments as "epitomizing the crude, cruel vivisection industry". In general the field of transplantation medicine has been met with resistance and alarm from some quarters as advances have been made; Joseph Murray, who performed the first kidney transplant in 1954, was described as doing something unnatural or

title: Transplant rejection

text: Transplant rejection Transplant rejection occurs when transplanted tissue is rejected by the recipient's immune system, which destroys the transplanted tissue. Transplant rejection can be lessened by determining the molecular similitude between donor and recipient and by use of immunosuppressant drugs after transplant. The first successful organ transplant, performed in 1954 by Joseph Murray, involved identical twins, and so no rejection was observed. Otherwise, the number of mismatched gene variants, namely alleles, encoding cell surface molecules called major histocompatibility complex (MHC), classes I and II, correlate with the rapidity and severity of transplant rejection. In humans MHC is also called human

title: Kidney transplantation

text: the world, involving 60 participants organized by the National Kidney Registry. In 2014 the record for the largest chain was broken again by a swap involving 70 participants. One of the earliest mentions about the real possibility of a kidney transplant was by American medical researcher Simon Flexner, who declared in a reading of his paper on "Tendencies in Pathology" in the University of Chicago in 1907 that it would be possible in the then-future for diseased human organs substitution for healthy ones by surgery, including arteries, stomach, kidneys and heart. In 1933 surgeon Yuriy Voroniy from Kherson in the

title: Transplant rejection

text: conducted, and no gene therapies are being used to date to treat patients. Current research tends to focus on Th1 and Th17 which mediate allograft rejection via the CD4 and CD8 T cells Transplant rejection Transplant rejection occurs when transplanted tissue is rejected by the recipient's immune system, which destroys the transplanted tissue. Transplant rejection can be lessened by determining the molecular similitude between donor and recipient and by use of immunosuppressant drugs after transplant. The first successful organ transplant, performed in 1954 by Joseph Murray, involved identical twins, and so no rejection was observed. Otherwise, the number of mismatched

title: National Kidney and Transplant Institute

text: pancreas (first in Asia, March 1988); Kidney - Liver transplant (first in Asia, September 1990); Bone Marrow Transplant (first in the Philippines, August 1990); ISO-Certification (first Government Hospital in the Philippines, February 2003). To sustain such commitment, the Institute has continuously maintain various healthcare-related programs of the Institute such the Human Organ Preservation Effort (HOPE), Voluntary Blood Donation Program (VBDP), Renal Disease Control Program (REDCOP) and Total Quality Management (TQM) National Kidney and Transplant Institute The National Kidney and Transplant Institute is a tertiary referral hospital located in Quezon City, Philippines. The hospital was announced on January 16, 1981. The

text: National Kidney and Transplant Institute The National Kidney and Transplant Institute is a tertiary referral hospital located in Quezon City, Philippines. The hospital was announced on January 16, 1981. The National Kidney and Transplant Institute, or NKTI, is a tertiary medical specialty center for renal health. The hospital also offers voluntary blood services. The hospital was formerly known as the National Kidney Foundation of the Philippines (NKFP). The National Kidney and Transplant Institute sits in the center of a 58,899 square-meter lot, along East Avenue in Quezon City. The Institute itself is 3-storey structure with three buildings (Main, Annex and

title: Kidney transplantation

text: Soviet Union attempted the first human kidney transplant, using a kidney removed six hours earlier from the deceased donor to be reimplanted into the thigh. He measured kidney function using a connection between the kidney and the skin. His first patient died two days later, as the graft was incompatible with the recipient's blood group and was rejected. It was not until June 17, 1950, when a successful transplant could be performed on Ruth Tucker, a 44-year-old woman with polycystic kidney disease, by Dr. Richard Lawler at Little Company of Mary Hospital in Evergreen Park, Illinois. Although the donated kidney

title: Kidney transplantation

text: (spouses, friends). Now the elasticity of the donor relationship has been stretched to include acquaintances and even strangers ('altruistic donors'). In 2009, Minneapolis transplant recipient Chris Strouth received a kidney from a donor who connected with him on Twitter, which is believed to be the first such transplant arranged entirely through social networking. The acceptance of altruistic donors has enabled chains of transplants to form. Kidney chains are initiated when an altruistic donor donates a kidney to a patient who has a willing but incompatible donor. This incompatible donor then 'pays it forward' and passes on the generosity to another

title: Kidney disease

text: and an ultrasound of the kidneys (renal ultrasonography). An ultrasound is essential in the diagnosis and management of kidney disease. Millions of people across the world suffer from kidney disease. Of those millions, several thousand will need dialysis or a kidney transplant at its end-stage. In the United States, as of 2008, 16,500 people needed a kidney transplant. Of those, 5,000 died while waiting for a transplant. Currently, there is a shortage of donors, and in 2007 there were only 64,606 kidney transplants in the world. This shortage of donors is causing countries to place monetary value on kidneys. Countries

text: Dialysis Center) connected to each other. The Main Building houses most of the Cost Centers and where the Administrative offices can be found. The Annex Building encloses the recently opened Marcos Wing and the Radiology Dept (MRI and CT Scan centers), Center for Special Services and also the ER Dept. In its nearly three decades of operations, NKTI has always aimed for general patient care but most importantly to the prevention or treatment of renal disease; and the various achievements can readily attest to this not only in the Philippines but in Asia as well: double transplant - kidney &

title: Kidney Paired Donation

text: less immunosuppression and less immunosuppression reduces nephrotoxicity and other negative side effects from post-transplant anti-rejection medications. Equally important, better HLA matching reduces the number of antibodies that a transplant recipient will create making it easier to get a second, third or fourth transplant. This issue is critical for young transplant recipients who have a life expectancy that is longer than the expected graft survival (i.e. how long a transplanted kidney lasts). Deceased donor kidneys typically last 5 – 15 years and living donor kidneys typically last 10 – 30 years. When KPD first started, the focus was only on enrolling

title: Kidney transplantation

text: first successful simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplant in the world in 1966. This is done in patients with diabetes mellitus type 1, in whom the diabetes is due to destruction of the beta cells of the pancreas and in whom the diabetes has caused renal failure (diabetic nephropathy). This is almost always a deceased donor transplant. Only a few living donor (partial) pancreas transplants have been done. For individuals with diabetes and renal failure, the advantages of earlier transplant from a living donor (if available) are far superior to the risks of continued dialysis until a combined kidney and pancreas are available

title: Cystic kidney disease

text: the disease and symptoms, therefore to avoid complications. Some of the treatment options include pain medication (expect ibuprofen since it worsens kidney disease), low protein and sodium diet, diuretics, antibiotics to treat UTIs, or surgery to drain cysts. In advance, cystic kidney disease renal transplant or dialysis might be necessary. By late 70s, almost 50-75% of patients with CKD require dialysis or a kidney transplant. If the patient requires a kidney transplant, kidneys are usually not taken from children due to this disease being hereditary. The cysts and kidney volume is a predictor of the progression of CKD and end-stage

title: Kidney transplantation

text: to over 10% of the entire Medicare budget. The United Network for Organ Sharing, which oversees the organ transplants in the United States, allows transplant candidates to register at two or more transplant centers, a practice known as 'multiple listing'. The practice has been shown to be effective in mitigating the dramatic geographic disparity in the waiting time for organ transplants, particularly for patients residing in high-demand regions such as Boston. The practice of multiple-listing has also been endorsed by medical practitioners. Kidney transplantation Kidney transplantation or renal transplantation is the organ transplant of a kidney into a patient with

title: Kidney transplantation

text: stay on conventional dialysis. Some studies seem to suggest that the longer a patient is on dialysis before the transplant, the less time the kidney will last. It is not clear why this occurs, but it underscores the need for rapid referral to a transplant program. Ideally, a kidney transplant should be pre-emptive, i.e., take place before the patient begins dialysis. The reason why kidneys fail over time after transplantation has been elucidated in recent years. Apart from recurrence of the original kidney disease, also rejection (mainly antibody-mediated rejection) and progressive scarring (multifactorial) play a decisive role. Avoiding rejection by

title: Kidney transplantation

text: for a donated kidney is ten to fifteen years. When a transplant fails, a patient may opt for a second transplant, and may have to return to dialysis for some intermediary time. Infections due to the immunosuppressant drugs used in people with kidney transplants most commonly occur in mucocutaneous areas (41%), the urinary tract (17%) and the respiratory tract (14%). The most common infective agents are bacterial (46%), viral (41%), fungal (13%), and protozoan (1%). Of the viral illnesses, the most common agents are human cytomegalovirus (31.5%), herpes simplex (23.4%), and herpes zoster (23.4%). BK virus is now being increasingly

title: National Kidney Registry

text: National Kidney Registry The National Kidney Registry (NKR) is a national registry in the United States listing kidney donors and recipients in need of a kidney transplant. NKR facilitates over 450 "Kidney Paired Donation" (KPD) or "Paired Exchange" transplants annually. More than one-third of potential living kidney donors who want to donate their kidney to a friend or family member cannot because of blood type or antibody incompatibility. Historically, these donors would be turned away and the patient would lose the opportunity to receive a life-saving kidney transplant. KPD overcomes donor-recipient incompatibility by swapping kidneys between multiple donor-recipient pairs, and

title: Kidney transplantation

text: is required. Most people need two or three such injections, and many are not completely insulin-free. The transplant surgery takes about three hours. The donor kidney will be placed in the lower abdomen and its blood vessels connected to arteries and veins in the recipient's body. When this is complete, blood will be allowed to flow through the kidney again. The final step is connecting the ureter from the donor kidney to the bladder. In most cases, the kidney will soon start producing urine. Depending on its quality, the new kidney usually begins functioning immediately. Living donor kidneys normally require

title: Kidney transplantation

text: done between identical twins Ronald and Richard Herrick to eliminate any problems of an immune reaction. For this and later work, Dr. Murray received the Nobel Prize for Medicine in 1990. The recipient, Richard Herrick, died eight years after the transplantation. In 1955, Charles Rob, William James "Jim" Dempster (St Marys and Hammersmith, London) carried out the first deceased donor transplant in United Kingdom, which was unsuccessful. In July 1959, "Fred" Peter Raper (Leeds) performed first successful (8 months) deceased donor transplant in the UK. A year later, in 1960, the first successful living kidney transplant in the UK occurred,

title: Northwest Kidney Centers

text: for people at every stage of kidney disease, patient access to dental care, staff scholarships, fellowships for doctors doing advanced kidney study, and funding for research. Northwest Kidney Centers’ full-service outpatient renal-specialty pharmacy, one of the first in the nation, serves people with advancing chronic kidney disease, on dialysis, or living with a kidney transplant. In 2008, Northwest Kidney Centers collaborated with UW Medicine in the creation of the Kidney Research Institute. Funding from Northwest Kidney Centers helps equip and maintain laboratories and pay for preliminary investigations that pave the way for larger research grants. Northwest Kidney Centers donates clinical

title: Kidney Paired Donation

text: funding from deceased donor registration fees and charitable contributions. In 2007 Garet and Jan Hil founded the National Kidney Registry (NKR) after their daughter (age 10) lost her kidney function and needed a transplant. Both parents were incompatible and could not donate to their daughter, who later, after an extensive donor search, received a living donor kidney from her compatible cousin. Mr. Hil was the first non-physician to start/lead a KPD program and the first KPD leader to donate one of his kidneys, starting a chain that facilitated 8 transplants. In 2008 the National Kidney Registry completed its first KPD

title: Gurgaon kidney scandal

text: Gurgaon kidney scandal The multi-billion rupee Gurgaon kidney scandal came to light in January 2008 when police arrested several people for running a kidney transplant racket in Gurgaon, an industrial township near New Delhi, India. Kidneys from most of the victims, who were the poor hailing from the nearby western Uttar Pradesh, were transplanted into clients from the United States, United Kingdom, Canada, Saudi Arabia and Greece. The police raid was prompted by complaints by the locals from Moradabad about illegal kidney sales. The man accused of the scandal, Amit Kumar, was arrested in Nepal on 7 February 2008 and

title: Kidney transplantation

text: patient at a higher risk for surgical complications. Kidney transplant requirements vary from program to program and country to country. Many programs place limits on age (e.g. the person must be under a certain age to enter the waiting list) and require that one must be in good health (aside from the kidney disease). Significant cardiovascular disease, incurable terminal infectious diseases and cancer are often transplant exclusion criteria. In addition, candidates are typically screened to determine if they will be compliant with their medications, which is essential for survival of the transplant. People with mental illness and/or significant on-going substance

title: Kidney transplantation

text: recognised. Infection is the cause of death in about one third of people with renal transplants, and pneumonias account for 50% of the patient deaths from infection. Kidney transplantation is a life-extending procedure. The typical patient will live 10 to 15 years longer with a kidney transplant than if kept on dialysis. The increase in longevity is greater for younger patients, but even 75-year-old recipients (the oldest group for which there is data) gain an average four more years of life. People generally have more energy, a less restricted diet, and fewer complications with a kidney transplant than if they

title: National Kidney Registry

text: connecting them in longer chains, as well as taking an altruistic non-directed donor, and start chains of kidney transplants. What the NKR does is consolidate the incompatible pairs of donors and recipients from transplant centers all over the United States, into a single registry, and facilitate the transplant process. The NKR was founded in 2007 by the Hil family, after their youngest daughter lost her kidney function at age ten. Both parents were ruled out from donating to their daughter because they were biologically incompatible. After many unsuccessful attempts to find a compatible donor through all of the kidney paired

title: Face transplant

text: to do more in order to ensure that the experiential knowledge of face transplant recipients is included in the ongoing evaluation of the field. After the procedure, a lifelong regimen of immunosuppressive drugs is necessary to suppress the patient's own immune systems and prevent rejection. Long-term immunosuppression increases the risk of developing life-threatening infections, kidney damage, and cancer. The surgery may result in complications such as infections that could damage the transplanted face and require a second transplant or reconstruction with skin grafts. Face transplant A face transplant is a medical procedure to replace all or part of a person's

title: Kidney transplantation

text: when Michael Woodruff performed one between identical twins in Edinburgh. Until the routine use of medications to prevent and treat acute rejection, introduced in 1964, deceased donor transplantation was not performed. The kidney was the easiest organ to transplant: Tissue typing was simple, the organ was relatively easy to remove and implant, live donors could be used without difficulty, and in the event of failure, kidney dialysis was available from the 1940s. Tissue typing was essential to the success; early attempts in the 1950s on sufferers from Bright's disease had been very unsuccessful. The major barrier to organ transplantation between

title: Kidney Paired Donation

text: incompatible donor-recipient pairs. As paired exchange grew and the process became faster and more reliable, patients with compatible donors that wanted a better match, began enrolling in KPD. Researchers have identified that a better matched kidney is correlated with better outcomes. Specifically a better matched kidney lasts longer and may allow for a lower dosage of post-transplant immunosuppressive medications. Also a better matched kidney transplant is correlated with a lower lifetime mortality rate. For compatible pairs, not only does a better match lead to a better outcome, but it also directly helps other patients with incompatible donors find a match

title: Kidney disease

text: for a kidney transplant, patients must match blood type and human leukocyte antigen factors with their donors. They must also have no reactions to the antibodies from the donor’s kidneys. Kidney disease Kidney disease, or renal disease, also known as nephropathy, is damage to or disease of a kidney. Nephritis is an inflammatory kidney disease and has several types according to the location of the inflammation. Inflammation can be diagnosed by blood tests. Nephrosis is non-inflammatory kidney disease. Nephritis and nephrosis can give rise to nephritic syndrome and nephrotic syndrome respectively. Kidney disease usually causes a loss of kidney function

title: Kidney trade in Iran

text: as the Cato Institute, claim that after financial incentives were introduced into the kidney market, Iran eliminated their transplant waiting list by 1999. However, a closer examination reveals that many Iranians afflicted with end-stage renal disease don't receive a diagnosis and aren't referred for dialysis, so therefore would never be eligible for a transplant. Ahad Ghods, from the Hashemi Nejad Kidney Hospital in Iran, admitted "This is the main reason that the renal transplant waiting list was eliminated quickly and successfully in Iran." The model is organised through voluntary worker organizations. The receivers and the government pay for the donors.

title: Transplant rejection

text: and the resulting complement-mediated immune response leads to a rejection of the transplant. Developing with formation of cellular immunity, "acute rejection" occurs to some degree in all transplants, except between identical twins, unless immunosuppression is achieved (usually through drugs). Acute rejection begins as early as one week after transplant, the risk being highest in the first three months, though it can occur months to years later. Highly vascular tissues such as kidney or liver often host the earliest signs—particularly at endothelial cells lining blood vessels—though it eventually occurs in roughly 10 to 30% of liver transplants, and 10 to 20%

title: Kidney disease

text: transplant is the only treatment option. Chronic kidney disease causes the gradual loss of kidney function over time. Acute kidney disease is now termed acute kidney injury and is marked by the sudden reduction in kidney function over seven days. About one in eight Americans (as of 2007) suffer from chronic kidney disease. Causes of kidney disease include deposition of the Immunoglobulin A antibodies in the glomerulus, administration of analgesics, xanthine oxidase deficiency, toxicity of chemotherapy agents, and long-term exposure to lead or its salts. Chronic conditions that can produce nephropathy include systemic lupus erythematosus, diabetes mellitus and high blood

title: Kidney transplantation

text: of kidney transplantation, accounting for approximately 25% of those in the US. The majority of renal transplant recipients are on dialysis (peritoneal dialysis or hemodialysis) at the time of transplantation. However, individuals with chronic kidney disease who have a living donor available may undergo pre-emptive transplantation before dialysis is needed. If a patient is put on the waiting list for a deceased donor transplant early enough, they may also be transplanted pre-dialysis. Contraindications include both cardiac and pulmonary insufficiency, as well as hepatic disease and some cancers. Concurrent tobacco use and morbid obesity are also among the indicators putting a

title: National Kidney Registry

text: exchange programs in the United States, a compatible donor was found. After this transplant ordeal, the Hil family founded the National Kidney Registry to eliminate the problem of incompatible donors, by building a national kidney paired donation (KPD) program. The NKR organized its first swap on Valentine’s Day in 2008 at Cornell Medical Center in New York City. This first swap was a 3-deep chain that ended with a bridge donor who donated two months later, extending the chain to 5-deep. This chain was broken after the bridge donor reneged following many failed cross matches that required the donor to

title: Kidney transplantation

text: strict medication adherence is of utmost importance to avoid failure of the kidney transplant. At least four professional athletes have made a comeback to their sport after receiving a transplant: New Zealand rugby union player Jonah Lomu, German-Croatian Soccer Player Ivan Klasnić, and NBA basketballers Sean Elliott and Alonzo Mourning. In addition to nationality, transplantation rates differ based on race, sex, and income. A study done with patients beginning long-term dialysis showed that the socio-demographic barriers to renal transplantation are relevant even before patients are on the transplant list. For example, different socio-demographic groups express different interest and complete pre-transplant

title: Medullary cystic kidney disease

text: treat anemia, and growth hormone is used when growth becomes an issue. Additionally, a renal transplant may be needed at some point. Finally, foods that contain potassium and phosphate must be reduced Scientists from the Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts identified the genetic cause of UKD as mutations in the MUC1 gene. Medullary cystic kidney disease Medullary cystic kidney disease (MCKD) is an autosomal dominant kidney disorder characterized by tubulointerstitial sclerosis leading to end-stage renal disease. Because the presence of cysts is neither an early nor a typical diagnostic feature of the disease, and because at least 4 different gene mutations

title: Kidney transplantation

text: swifter recovery has the potential to boost donor numbers. In January 2009, the first all-robotic kidney transplant was performed at Saint Barnabas Medical Center through a two-inch incision. In the following six months, the same team performed eight more robotic-assisted transplants. In 2004 the FDA approved the Cedars-Sinai High Dose IVIG therapy which reduces the need for the living donor to be the same blood type (ABO compatible) or even a tissue match. The therapy reduced the incidence of the recipient's immune system rejecting the donated kidney in highly sensitized patients. In 2009 at the Johns Hopkins Medical Center, a

title: Kidney disease

text: such as Iran and Singapore are eliminating their lists by paying their citizens to donate. Also, the black market accounts for 5-10 percent of transplants that occur worldwide. The act of buying an organ through the black market is illegal in the United States. To be put on the waiting list for a kidney transplant, patients must first be referred by a physician, then they must choose and contact a donor hospital. Once they choose a donor hospital, patients must then receive an evaluation to make sure they are sustainable to receive a transplant. In order to be a match

title: National Kidney Registry

text: kidney transplants, as of March 22, 2017. The rapid growth of KPD transplants in the United States has been driven by the following key NKR innovations. The NKR's innovations have generated significant media coverage including a front page story in the New York Times. and nationally televised interviews by Katie Couric with the CBS Evening News. Diane Sawyer from ABC News, and Byron Pitts at Nightline. National Kidney Registry The National Kidney Registry (NKR) is a national registry in the United States listing kidney donors and recipients in need of a kidney transplant. NKR facilitates over 450 "Kidney Paired Donation"

title: Kidney failure

text: uremic syndrome. Causes of chronic kidney failure include diabetes, high blood pressure, nephrotic syndrome, and polycystic kidney disease. Diagnosis of acute disease is often based on a combination of factors such as decrease urine production or increased serum creatinine. Diagnosis of chronic disease is typically based on a glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of less than 15 or the need for renal replacement therapy. It is also equivalent to stage 5 chronic kidney disease. Treatment of acute disease typically depends on the underlying cause. Treatment of chronic disease may include hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, or a kidney transplant. Hemodialysis uses a machine

title: Narmada Kidney Foundation

text: and cadaver transplantation promotion. The Foundation's annual Transplant Games were first held in 2008; Donor’s Day has been celebrated every year since 1997, on November 30. In 2003, the Foundation was named in a story regarding the sale of donor kidneys. This is false. Narmada Kidney Foundation The Narmada Kidney Foundation was established in Mumbai, India in 1993, by Dr. Bharat V. Shah. Its aim is to support patients with renal problems, and to aid their families. Its foundation was named after its founder's mother, Narmadaben Shah. “Life shared, life lived” is the Foundation's guiding principle. Today, the Foundation is

title: Kidney transplantation

text: Kidney transplantation Kidney transplantation or renal transplantation is the organ transplant of a kidney into a patient with end-stage renal disease. Kidney transplantation is typically classified as deceased-donor (formerly known as cadaveric) or living-donor transplantation depending on the source of the donor organ. Living-donor renal transplants are further characterized as genetically related (living-related) or non-related (living-unrelated) transplants, depending on whether a biological relationship exists between the donor and recipient. Exchanges and chains are a novel approach to expand the living donor pool. In February 2012, this novel approach to expand the living donor pool resulted in the largest chain in

title: Kidney transplantation

text: are avoided or withdrawn after the transplantation. Ciclosporin, considered a breakthrough immunosuppressive when first discovered in the 1980s, ironically causes nephrotoxicity and can result in iatrogenic damage to the newly transplanted kidney. Tacrolimus, which is a similar drug, also causes nephrotoxicity. Blood levels of both must be monitored closely and if the recipient seems to have declining renal function or proteinuria, a biopsy may be necessary to determine whether this is due to rejection or ciclosporin or tacrolimus intoxication . Post operatively, kidneys are periodically assessed by ultrasound to assess for the imaging and physiologic changes that accompany transplant rejection.

title: National Kidney Foundation

text: denied this, noting that 80 percent of the cost of dialysis in the United States is usually covered by Medicare. To raise funds for its programs, the National Kidney Foundation organizes a national car-donation program called Kidney Cars, run via Insurance Auto Auctions and their One Car One Difference auto donation program, Kidney Walks in major US cities, and the NKF Golf Classic which culminates in a tournament at Pebble Beach. Danny Mason, late golf coach at Texas Tech University in Lubbock and a transplant recipient, played in three tournaments. National Kidney Foundation The National Kidney Foundation, Inc. (NKF) is

title: Kidney transplantation

text: Imaging also allows evaluation of supportive structures such as the anastomosed transplant artery, vein, and ureter, to ensure they are stable in appearance. The major sonographic scale in quantitative ultrasound assessment is with a multipoint assessment of the "resistive index" (RI), beginning at the main renal artery and vein and ending at the arcuate vessels. It is calculated as follows: The normal value is ≈ 0.60, with 0.70 being the upper limits of normal. Kidney transplant recipients are discouraged from consuming grapefruit, pomegranate and green tea products. These food products are known to interact with the transplant medications, specifically tacrolimus,

title: Kidney transplantation

text: workup at different rates. Previous efforts to create fair transplantation policies have focused on patients currently on the transplantation waiting list. Transplant recipients must take immunosuppressive anti-rejection drugs for as long as the transplanted kidney functions. The routine immunosuppressives are tacrolimus (Prograf), mycophenolate (Cellcept), and prednisolone; these drugs cost US$1,500 per month. In 1999 the United States Congress passed a law that restricts Medicare from paying for more than three years for these drugs, unless the patient is otherwise Medicare-eligible. Transplant programs may not transplant a patient unless the patient has a reasonable plan to pay for medication after the

title: Chronic kidney disease

text: or other underlying diseases are already known. A significant number present with CKD of unknown cause. In CKD numerous uremic toxins accumulate in the blood. Even when ESKD (largely synonymous with CKD5) is treated with dialysis, the toxin levels do not go back to normal as dialysis is not that efficient. Similarly, after a kidney transplant, the levels may not go back to normal as the transplanted kidney may not work 100%. If it does, the creatinine level is often normal. The toxins show various cytotoxic activities in the serum and have different molecular weights, and some of them are

title: UK National Kidney Federation

text: UK National Kidney Federation The UK National Kidney Federation, founded 1979, is a national kidney charity in the United Kingdom run by patients with kidney problems and their carers, for kidney patients. The controlling council consists of the patient Associations of hospital renal units. As its members are not healthcare professionals, its role is restricted to campaigning for improvements to renal provision and treatment, and national patient support services. It works closely with the All Party Parliamentary Kidney Group (APPKG) whose stated purpose is: "To improve understanding in Parliament of kidney disease and transplant medicine and promote improvements in the

title: Chronic kidney disease

text: m), permanent renal replacement therapy, or end-stage kidney disease. The term "non-dialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease" (NDD-CKD) is a designation used to encompass the status of those persons with an established CKD who do not yet require the life-supporting treatments for kidney failure known as renal replacement therapy (RRT, including maintenance dialysis or kidney transplantation). The condition of individuals with CKD, who require either of the two types of renal replacement therapy (dialysis or transplant), is referred to as the end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). Hence, the start of the ESKD is practically the irreversible conclusion of the NDD-CKD. Even though the

title: Acute kidney injury

text: to nephrology, 50% if dialyzed, and 70% if on ICU. If AKI develops after major abdominal surgery (13.4% of all people who have undergone major abdominal surgery) the risk of death is markedly increased (over 12-fold). Depending on the cause, a proportion of patients (5–10%) will never regain full kidney function, thus entering end-stage kidney failure and requiring lifelong dialysis or a kidney transplant. Patients with AKI are more likely to die prematurely after being discharged from hospital, even if their kidney function has recovered. The risk of developing chronic kidney disease is increased (8.8-fold). New cases of AKI are

title: Kidney trade in Iran

text: Charity organizations help those who cannot pay themselves. The Charity Association for the Support of Kidney Patients (CASKP) and the Charity Foundation for Special Diseases (CFSD), under control of the Ministry of Health, regulates the trade of organs with the support of the government. The organizations match donors to recipients, arranging for tests to ensure compatibility. In order to prevent corruption or inequality “neither the transplant center nor transplant physicians are involved in identifying potential vendors” The amounts paid to the donor vary in Iran; however, the average figures are between $2,000 to $4,000 for a kidney donation. In contrast,

title: Gurgaon kidney scandal

text: dangerous weapon), sections 342 (wrongful confinement), sections 420 (cheating) and sections 120B (criminal conspiracy). In March 2013, a CBI special court convicted five accused while acquitting another five in the case of a Gurgaon kidney transplant racket that was busted in 2008. Dr Upender Dublesh and Dr Amit Kumar, who was termed a "quack" in no uncertain terms by the court, got seven-year rigorous imprisonment (RI) besides a fine of over Rs. 60 lakh each. But they were subsequently released as CBI was not able to provide evidence for their heinous crimes Gurgaon kidney scandal The multi-billion rupee Gurgaon kidney

title: Kidney trade in Iran

text: problems associated with organ trade but all models used in other developing countries have failed to slow down the worsening of transplant queues. The first kidney transplantation in the Middle Eastern region was conducted in 1967 in Iran. It was not until the mid-1980s that these operations became commonplace. Iran allows kidney donations from both cadavers and compensated donors. Before the April 2000 law passed by parliament justifying the procurement of organs from those deemed clinically brain-dead, donor-compensated transplants represented over 99 percent of cases. It is now estimated that 13 percent of donations come from cadavers. Market proponents, such

title: Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease

text: in ADPKD. It is accepted that kidney transplantation is the preferred treatment for ADPKD patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Among American patients on the kidney transplant waiting list (as of December 2011), 7256 (8.4%) were listed due to cystic kidney disease and of the 16,055 renal transplants performed in 2011, 2057 (12.8%) were done for patients with cystic kidney disease, with 1,189 from deceased donors and 868 from living donors. In ADPKD patients, gradual cyst development and expansion result in kidney enlargement, and during the course of the disease, glomerular filtration rate (GFR) remains normal for decades before kidney

title: Kidney transplantation

text: recipient who also had a willing but incompatible donor. Michael Rees from the University of Toledo developed the concept of open-ended chains. This was a variation of a concept developed at Johns Hopkins University. On July 30, 2008, an altruistic donor kidney was shipped via commercial airline from Cornell to the University of California, Los Angeles, thus triggering a chain of transplants. The shipment of living donor kidneys, computer-matching software algorithms, and cooperation between transplant centers has enabled long-elaborate chains to be formed. In carefully screened kidney donors, survival and the risk of end-stage renal disease appear to be similar

title: Medullary cystic kidney disease

text: dialysis or a kidney transplant. People with a mutation in this gene can have a variable rate of loss of kidney function, with some individuals going on dialysis in their thirties while others may not go on dialysis until later in life. Earlier on the condition was called medullary cystic kidney disease type 1. It was named this because some people with the disease had cysts (small holes) in the middle (medulla) of their kidneys. It has since then been found that these cysts are uncommon and are not found in the majority of the patients with MUC1 mutations. For

title: Chronic kidney disease

text: to measure albumin. Further tests such as an ultrasound or kidney biopsy may be done to determine the underlying cause. A number of different classification systems exist. Screening at-risk people is recommended. Initial treatments may include medications to manage blood pressure, blood sugar, and lower cholesterol. NSAIDs should be avoided. Other recommended measures include staying active and certain dietary changes. Severe disease may require hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, or a kidney transplant. Treatments for anemia and bone disease may also be required. Chronic kidney disease affected 753 million people globally in 2016, including 417 million females and 336 million males. In

title: Kidney transplantation

text: In fact, living non-related donors are now almost as common as living (genetically)-related donors. In most cases the barely functioning existing kidneys are not removed, as removal has been shown to increase the rates of surgical morbidity. Therefore, the kidney is usually placed in a location different from the original kidney. Often this is in the iliac fossa so it is often necessary to use a different blood supply: The donor ureter is anastomosed with the recipient bladder. There is disagreement in surgical textbooks regarding which side of the recipient’s pelvis to use in receiving the transplant. Campbell's Urology (2002)

title: Kidney Now!

text: Costello, Mary J. Blige, Sheryl Crow, the Beastie Boys (Mike D and Ad Rock), Steve Earle, Adam Levine, Sara Bareilles, Wyclef Jean, Norah Jones, Talib Kweli, Michael McDonald, Rhett Miller, Moby, Robert Randolph, Rachael Yamagata and Cyndi Lauper, all as themselves. In the episode, Jack Donaghy (Alec Baldwin) gets to know his newly discovered father, Milton Greene (Alda), but quickly learns that Milton needs a kidney transplant, and discovers he is not a suitable donor. As a result, Jack decides to use the liberal media to find an alternate way to get him a kidney donor. Meanwhile, people seek Liz

title: Kidney failure

text: Americans. Chronic kidney failure is measured in five stages, which are calculated using a patient’s GFR, or glomerular filtration rate. Stage 1 CKD is mildly diminished renal function, with few overt symptoms. Stages 2 and 3 need increasing levels of supportive care from their medical providers to slow and treat their renal dysfunction. Patients in stages 4 and 5 usually require preparation of the patient towards active treatment in order to survive. Stage 5 CKD is considered a severe illness and requires some form of renal replacement therapy (dialysis) or kidney transplant whenever feasible. A normal GFR varies according to

title: National Kidney Registry

text: from 33% in 2008 to 2% in 2015. In 2012, the NKR broke the world record for the largest kidney swap by organizing a 30-deep chain] involving 60 donors and recipients. This chain was started by Rick Ruzzamenti a 44-year-old from Riverside, California. The swap took four months to complete and involved 17 different transplant centers across 11 states. Three years later, on March 26, the next record breaking chain was set into motion by Kathy Hart, a 48-year-old attorney from Minneapolis. This swap took two months to complete and involved 26 different transplant centers. The NKR has facilitated 2084

title: Kidney Paired Donation

text: in 2012 that appeared on the front page of the "New York Times" and the second, even larger swap, included 70 participants and was completed in 2014. Other KPD programs in the U.S. include the UNOS program which was launched in 2010 and completed its 100th KPD transplant in 2014 and the Alliance for Paired Donation. More than one-third of potential living kidney donors who want to donate their kidney to a friend or family member cannot donate due to blood type or antibody incompatibility. Historically, these donors would be turned away and the patient would lose the opportunity to

title: Medullary cystic kidney disease

text: mutations in a gene named "UMOD" on chromosome 16 that encodes a protein called uromodulin This disease is also autosomal dominant, meaning that it is characterized by a 50% chance of inheritance and slowly progressive chronic kidney disease that leads to the need for dialysis or a kidney transplant. People with this disease suffer from gout relatively early in life. Mutations in this gene can lead to a variable rate of loss of kidney function. In MKD2 inheritance, just as MKD1, "autosomal dominant" indicates that 50% of children of an affected person will inherit the disease. ""Tubulointerstitial"" is used because

title: High-dose chemotherapy and bone marrow transplant

text: fight off infection, people who undergo the treatment are advised to take precautions regarding sanitation and are often placed in private hospital rooms with special air filters to reduce possibility of infection. Soon after treatment, patients have low red and white blood cell counts, and are thus usually placed on antibiotics to keep them from getting infections. Side effects of the treatment include heart, lung, stomach, kidney, or liver problems, among others. High-dose chemotherapy and bone marrow transplant High-dose chemotherapy and bone marrow transplant (HDC/BMT), also high-dose chemotherapy with autologous bone marrow transplant (HDC/ABMT or just ABMT), was a treatment

title: Organ transplantation in Japan

text: donation in Japan is significantly lower than in Western countries. The first organ transplant in Japan took place at Niigata University in 1956 when a kidney was temporarily transplanted to a patient with acute renal failure. In 1964 a permanent and full-scale kidney transplant was successfully undertaken at the University of Tokyo, and by 1992 nearly 9,000 kidney transplants had taken place. In the same year, a liver transplant was performed at Chiba University by Professor Komei Nakayama. The first heart transplant in Japan was conducted at Sapporo Medical University in 1968 by Dr Wada. This operation attracted concerns that

title: UAE Healthy Kidney 10K

text: May 2005 by New York Road Runners with the sponsorship of the Embassy of the United Arab Emirates. Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan, a former president of the country, received treatment and a kidney transplant at the Cleveland Clinic in 2000. He lived until November 2004 and the event was created in his honour soon after, with proceeds from the race going towards the National Kidney Foundation. The course for the race is a single-looped circuit on the paths and roads within the park, comprising a little over one full lap of the park in a clockwise direction. Runners start

title: The Amazing Transplant

text: ago performed a penis transplant on Arthur which may have also transplanted the former womanizing owner's fondness of golden earrings... The Amazing Transplant The Amazing Transplant is an American 1970 sexploitation film, written, produced and directed by Doris Wishman. The film stars Juan Fernandez, Linda Southern, and Larry Hunter. Arthur (Juan Fernandez) visits Mary (Sandy Eden) to profess his love and propose to her. But when he notices her earrings, he begins to rape her and winds up choking her to death. His mother (Linda Southern) is worried and asks her police detective brother-in-law Bill (Larry Hunter) to help find

title: Renal biopsy

text: A native renal biopsy is one in which the patient's own kidneys are biopsied. In a transplant renal biopsy, the kidney of another person that has been transplanted into the patient is biopsied. Transplant kidney biopsy can be performed when nothing is apparently wrong with the transplant kidney for the purposes of surveillance for hidden disease (protocol transplant biopsy). This is typically done at 0, 3 and 12 months post-transplant according to a transplant unit protocol. Biopsy of the transplanted kidney taken during the transplant operation is termed implantation transplant biopsy or post-perfusion transplant biopsy depending on the timing of

title: René Küss

text: René Küss René Küss (3 May 1913 – 2006) was a French pioneering urologist and transplant surgeon who made ground-breaking contributions in renal tract surgery and kidney transplantation with the establishment of transplant programs. At a time of unavoidable transplant rejection, he was involved in two particularly historic transplant operations. The first was a human-to-human extraperitoneal kidney transplant procedure in 1951 and later a pig-to-human kidney transplant in 1966, both of which ended in abrupt rejection. He later introduced kidney transplantation schedules involving at first irradiation, later immunosuppressants, living-related and unrelated donors and later organs from deceased donors. Küss established

title: Face transplant

text: the procedure. In December 2008, a team at the Cleveland Clinic, led by Maria Siemionow and including a group of supporting doctors and six plastic surgeons (Steven Bernard, Dr Mark Hendrickson, Robert Lohman, Dan Alam and Francis Papay) performed the first face transplant in the US on a woman named Connie Culp. It was the world's first near-total facial transplant and the fourth known facial transplant to have been successfully performed to date. This operation was the first facial transplant known to have included bones, along with muscle, skin, blood vessels, and nerves. The woman received a nose, most of

title: Transplant rejection

text: fluid rushes into the cell and ruptures it. Cell debris can be recognized as damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs), on membranes of phagocytes, which thereupon secrete proinflammatory cytokines, recruiting more phagocytes to traffic to the area by sensing the concentration gradient of the secreted cytokines (chemotaxis). Initiated by preexisting humoral immunity, "hyperacute rejection" manifests within minutes after transplant, and if tissue is left implanted brings systemic inflammatory response syndrome. Of high risk in kidney transplants is rapid clumping, namely agglutination, of red blood cells (RBCs or erythrocytes), as an antibody

title: Transplant coordinator

text: Transplant coordinator Transplant Coordinator is a healthcare professional – doctor, nurse, or allied health science graduate who coordinates activities related to organ donation and transplantation. Transplant coordinators can either be Donor Coordinators or Recipient Coordinators. Deceased organ donation and transplantation involves close networking of medical, paramedical and non-medical personnel. Transplant coordinators are at the centre of this network. Transplant Coordinators working with donors can also be known as procurement transplant coordinators, donor coordinators, or just procurement coordinators. Donor coordinators are called when a potential organ donor meets criteria for donating organs (for example, severe neurological injury with lack of brain

title: Transplant rejection

text: of kidney transplants. A single episode of acute rejection can be recognized and promptly treated, usually preventing organ failure, but recurrent episodes lead to "chronic rejection". It is believed that the process of acute rejection is mediated by the cell mediated pathway, specifically by mononuclear macrophages and T-lymphocytes. The term "chronic rejection" initially described long-term loss of function in transplanted organs via fibrosis of the transplanted tissue's blood vessels. This is now "chronic allograft vasculopathy", however, leaving "chronic rejection" referring to rejection due to more patent aspects of immunity. Chronic rejection explains long-term morbidity in most lung-transplant recipients, the median

title: Face transplant

text: Face transplant A face transplant is a medical procedure to replace all or part of a person's face using tissue from a donor. The world's first partial face transplant on a living human was carried out in France in 2005. The world's first full face transplant was completed in Spain in 2010. Turkey, France, the United States and Spain (in order of total number of successful face transplants performed) are considered the leading countries in the research into the procedure. People with faces disfigured by trauma, burns, disease, or birth defects might aesthetically benefit from the procedure. Professor Peter Butler

title: Kidney transplantation

text: may have to the donor. In the 1980s, experimental protocols were developed for ABO-incompatible transplants using increased immunosuppression and plasmapheresis. Through the 1990s these techniques were improved and an important study of long-term outcomes in Japan was published. Now, a number of programs around the world are routinely performing ABO-incompatible transplants. The level of sensitization to donor HLA antigens is determined by performing a panel reactive antibody test on the potential recipient. In the United States, up to 17% of all deceased donor kidney transplants have no HLA mismatch. However, HLA matching is a relatively minor predictor of transplant outcomes.

title: Kidney transplantation

text: Medicare expires; however, patients are almost never turned down for financial reasons alone. Half of end-stage renal disease patients only have Medicare coverage. In March 2009 a bill was introduced in the U.S. Senate, 565 and in the House, H.R. 1458 that will extend Medicare coverage of the drugs for as long as the patient has a functioning transplant. This means that patients who have lost their jobs and insurance will not also lose their kidney and be forced back on dialysis. Dialysis is currently using up $17 billion yearly of Medicare funds and total care of these patients amounts

title: Kidney transplantation

text: or are exploited by salespersons. The people who travel to make use of these kidneys are often known as 'transplant tourists'. This practice is opposed by a variety of human rights groups, including Organs Watch, a group established by medical anthropologists, which was instrumental in exposing illegal international organ selling rings. These patients may have increased complications owing to poor infection control and lower medical and surgical standards. One surgeon has said that organ trade could be legalised in the UK to prevent such tourism, but this is not seen by the National Kidney Research Fund as the answer to

title: Kidney

text: kidney, "nephros (νεφρός)". For example, surgical removal of the kidney is a "nephrectomy", while a reduction in kidney function is called "renal dysfunction". Generally, humans can live normally with just one kidney, as one has more functioning renal tissue than is needed to survive. Only when the amount of functioning kidney tissue is greatly diminished does one develop chronic kidney disease. Renal replacement therapy, in the form of dialysis or kidney transplantation, is indicated when the glomerular filtration rate has fallen very low or if the renal dysfunction leads to severe symptoms. Dialysis is a treatment that substitutes for the

title: The Amazing Transplant

text: The Amazing Transplant The Amazing Transplant is an American 1970 sexploitation film, written, produced and directed by Doris Wishman. The film stars Juan Fernandez, Linda Southern, and Larry Hunter. Arthur (Juan Fernandez) visits Mary (Sandy Eden) to profess his love and propose to her. But when he notices her earrings, he begins to rape her and winds up choking her to death. His mother (Linda Southern) is worried and asks her police detective brother-in-law Bill (Larry Hunter) to help find him. Meanwhile, Mary has been found dead, the police suspect Arthur and the radio informs the public about the apparent

title: Heart–lung transplant

text: team at Stanford is the longest continuously active team performing these transplants. Australia's first heart-lung transplant was conducted by Victor Chang at St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney in 1986. Iran's first heart-lung transplant was performed in Tehran in 2002. The patient is anesthetised. When the donor organs arrive, they are checked for fitness; if any organs show signs of damage, they are discarded and the operation cancelled. Some patients are concerned that their organs will be removed and the donor organs won't be suitable. Since this is a possibility, it is standard procedure that the patient is not operated on until

title: Face transplant

text: time, Mr. Desjardins was the oldest person to benefit from a face transplant. The world's first partial face transplant on a living human was carried out on 27 November 2005 by Bernard Devauchelle, an oral and maxillofacial surgeon, Benoit Lengelé, a Belgian plastic surgeon, and Jean-Michel Dubernard in Amiens, France. Isabelle Dinoire underwent surgery to replace her original face, which had been mauled by her dog. A triangle of face tissue from a brain-dead woman's nose and mouth was grafted onto the patient. On 13 December 2007, the first detailed report of the progress of this transplant after 18 months

title: University of Pittsburgh Medical Center

text: years. In 2008, the administration and reporting of UPMC's living donor liver transplantation program received national attention when internal studies, spearheaded by transplant pioneer Thomas Starzl, questioned the safety of the procedure and ultimately resulted in the forced resignation of liver transplant program head, Amadeo Marcos. Another controversy arose in May 2011 for UPMC's live-donor kidney transplant program when a kidney infected with hepatitis C was transplanted into a non-infected person. The incident led UPMC to voluntarily shut down its kidney transplant program for two months, and resulted in the suspension of a nurse and demotion of a surgeon. Federal

title: Transplant coordinator

text: is registered as a transplant hospital. This means that there is a huge requirement for trained transplant coordinators in over 300 transplant hospitals in India. To address the training needs of this cadre of healthcare professionals, MOHAN Foundation, a not-for-profit organization based in Chennai, has started the “Transplant Coordinators’ Training Program”. This is the first such structured course in the Asian subcontinent. The courses have been tailored to suit the requirement of the candidates from both medical and non-medical background. This initiative of MOHAN Foundation is supported by the Sir Ratan Tata Trust and Navajbai Ratan Tata Trust. Transplant coordinator

title: British Transplant Society

text: physiology. The society awards a medal to the competitive winner of submission of a peer review publication in a recognised academic journal. The award is named after Sir Roy Yorke Calne, who was the first surgeon to perform a combined heart/lung/liver transplant in 1987, the first liver transplantation operation in Europe in 1968, and the first small bowel transplant in the UK in 1992. British Transplant Society The British Transplant Society (BTS) is a non-profit professional body representing the community of physicians, surgeons, nurses, allied health professionals and scientists involved in organ transplantation in the United Kingdom. The BTS supports

title: Science and technology in Iran

text: has produced increasing numbers of scientific publications since its establishment. Modern organ transplantation in Iran dates to 1935, when the first cornea transplant in Iran was performed by Professor Mohammad-Qoli Shams at Farabi Eye Hospital in Tehran, Iran. The Shiraz Nemazi transplant center, also one of the pioneering transplant units of Iran, performed the first Iranian kidney transplant in 1967 and the first Iranian liver transplant in 1995. The first heart transplant in Iran was performed in 1993 in Tabriz. The first lung transplant was performed in 2001, and the first heart and lung transplants were performed in 2002, both

text: period, patients can restart gaining TKV at pre-treatment rates and may eventually have to go through dialysis and kidney transplant. Palliative treatment modalities involve symptomatic medications (non-opioid and opioid analgesics) for abdominal/retroperitoneal pain. Before the advent of aquaretic medication, the only option for analgesic-resistant pain were simple or complex surgical procedures (i.e. renal cyst aspiration, cyst decortication, renal denervation and nephrectomy), which can result in complications inherent to surgery. In 2014, Japan was the first country in the world to approve a pharmacological treatment for ADPKD followed by Canada and Europe, which approved the drug tolvaptan for ADPKD patients in

title: Face transplant

text: unable to eat. She had undergone around 35 reconstructive plastic surgery operations. The donor was a 28-year-old Turkish woman of Moldavian origin in Istanbul, who had committed suicide. Nergis died in Ankara on 15 November 2016 after she was hospitalized two days prior due to strong pains. On 20 March 2010, a team of 30 Spanish doctors carried out the first full face transplant, on a man injured in a shooting accident. It became the first full face transplant in the world. On 8 July 2010, the French media reported that a full face transplant, including tear ducts and eyelids,

title: Heart–lung transplant

text: heart–lung transplantation at the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) in the USA, of which around forty will die before a suitable donor is found. Conditions which may necessitate a heart–lung transplant include: Candidates for a heart–lung transplant are usually required to be: Norman Shumway laid the groundwork for heart lung transplantation with his experiments into heart transplantation at Stanford in the mid 1960s. Shumway conducted the first adult heart transplant in the US in 1968. Building on his research at Stanford, Bruce Reitz performed the first successful heart–lung transplant on Mary Gohlke in 1981 at Stanford Hospital. The transplant

title: Face transplant

text: was carried out at the Henri-Mondor hospital in Créteil. In March 2011, a surgical team, led by Bohdan Pomahač at Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston, Massachusetts, USA, performed a full face transplant on Dallas Wiens who was badly disfigured in a power line accident that left him blind and without lips, nose or eyebrows. The patient's sight couldn't be recovered but he has been able to talk on the phone and smell. In April 2011, less than one month after the hospital performed the first full face transplant in the country, the Brigham and Women’s Hospital face transplant team,

title: Transplant coordinator

text: and additional certification in organ transplantation. Transplant coordinators can work for organ procurement organizations as donor or procurement transplant coordinators to facilitate the management, donation, and placement of organs for transplantation or for hospitals and transplant centers as recipient transplant coordinators to prepare patients for organ transplant and facilitate the transplant of harvested organs to transplant patients. Transplant coordinators typically work 12 to 24 hour shifts and must be on call so coordinators can be available 24 hours a day to field new transplant cases. Salary for a transplant coordinator in the United States varies by experience and location but

title: Face transplant

text: country's fourth and their second full face transplant. The face and ears of 27-year-old patient Turan Çolak from Izmir were burnt when he fell into an oven when he was three and half years old. The donor was Tevfik Yılmaz, a 19-year-old man from Uşak who had attempted suicide on 8 May. He was declared brain dead in the evening hours of 15 May after having been in intensive care for seven days. His parents donated all his organs. On 18 July 2013, the face of a Polish man was successfully given to a Turkish man in a transplant performed

title: The Rogosin Institute

text: number of options, including peritoneal dialysis and home nocturnal hemodialysis. The Rogosin Institute dialysis centers are located in Manhattan, Brooklyn, and Queens, New York. The Rogosin Institute is a pioneer in the implementation of technologies that make kidney transplantation more accessible and successful, such as programs for highly sensitized transplant recipients and the use of steroid-free protocols. The Rogosin Institute has also expanded the availability of kidney transplantation by developing de-sensitizing programs for incompatible donors and donor exchange programs. Since performing the first kidney transplant in the New York metropolitan area in 1963, The Rogosin Institute has completed more than

title: Chronic kidney disease

text: g/dL is recommended. The normalization of hemoglobin has not been found to be of benefit. It is unclear if androgens help with anemia. Phosphate binders are also used to control the serum phosphate levels, which are usually elevated in advanced chronic kidney disease. Although the evidence for them is limited, phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors and zinc show potential for helping men with sexual dysfunction. At stage 5 CKD, renal replacement therapy is usually required, in the form of either dialysis or a transplant. CKD increases the risk of cardiovascular disease, and people with CKD often have other risk factors for heart disease,

title: Kidney Paired Donation

text: Chains" that amplified the matching power of Domino Chains by allowing Bridge Donors to extend chains. Prior to the utilization of Bridge Donors, a chain of transplant surgeries would be completed in one day, which limited the number of transplants that could be performed. A bridge Donor is someone whose paired recipient has received a kidney but does not donate for some period of time (generally 1 week to 3 months). Just like Domino Chains increased KPD transplants, the utilization of bridge donors also dramatically increased KPD transplants because chains could now be organized over several months and avoid the

title: Saint Barnabas Medical Center

text: time, it has performed many kidney transplants and exchanges including complex multihospital kidney exchanges. In 2018, the center's kidney exchange program completed the 23-link transplant chain, becoming the longest single-hospital kidney transplant chain in the United States. The division also provides education programs such as the first live kidney transplant operation broadcast to a public audience in the UK at Dana Centre in 2007. The Burn Center at Saint Barnabas was established in 1977. It is the only certified burn treatment center in New Jersey and the only center in New Jersey that meets the verification criteria of the American

title: Dorry Segev

text: moving forward with a live donor kidney transplant could be the best option for highly sensitized patients who have a healthy and willing donor. Kidney Paired Donation is a form of live donation where patients with incompatible donors swap kidneys to receive a compatible kidney. The first kidney-paired donation was performed in South Korea in 1991, followed by one in Europe in 1999. Sommer Gentry and Dorry Segev found that the existing matching programs were not sufficient to accommodate the scale of the transplant waitlist in the United States. Previous matching programs limited kidney-transplant patients and their families to connect

title: Kidney tumour

text: Kidney tumour Kidney tumours (or kidney tumors), also known as renal tumours, are tumours, or growths, on or in the kidney. These growths can be benign or malignant (kidney cancer). Kidney tumours may be discovered on medical imaging incidentally (i.e. an incidentaloma), or may be present in patients as an abdominal mass or kidney cyst, hematuria, abdominal pain, or manifest first in a paraneoplastic syndrome that seems unrelated to the kidney. A CT scan is the first choice modality for workup of solid masses in the kidneys. Nevertheless, hemorrhagic cysts can resemble renal cell carcinomas on CT, but they are

title: Artificial kidney

text: approvals in other areas. The Kidney Project is a national research initiative that focuses on the development and testing of an implanted, freestanding bioartifical kidney. The Kidney Project received six million dollars in government grants. Artificial kidney Artificial kidney is often a synonym for hemodialysis, but may also, refer to renal replacement therapies (with exclusion of kidney transplantation) that are in use and/or in development. This article deals with bioengineered kidneys/bioartificial kidneys that are grown from renal cell lines/renal tissue. The first successful artificial kidney was developed by Willem Kolff in the Netherlands during the early 1940s. Kolff was the

title: BC Transplant Society

text: BC. Low performance rates resulted in researcher evaluation. From 1997-2001, 150 patients were declared unsuitable for liver transplant due to five categories: Transplant Centres are located at: Regional Clinics are located at: Created in 1985. In 1986, BCTS was the first organization in North America to combine organ donation registry and transplantation. In 1991, BCTS established its annual Operation Popcorn project which delivers popcorn tins to appreciate health care workers for more than 25 years. In 1992, BCTS established Transplant Research Foundation of British Columbia (TRF) with funding and administrative support. In 1997, BCTS created North America's first online organ

title: Face transplant

text: call the world's first successful almost full face transplant. The operation, which lasted approximately 20 hours, was designed and performed by Laurent Lantieri and his team (Jean Paul Meningaud, Antonios Paraskevas and Fabio Ingallina). Selahattin Özmen performed a partial face transplant on 17 March 2012 on Hatice Nergis, a twenty-year-old woman at Gazi University's hospital in Ankara. It was Turkey's third, the first woman-to-woman and the first three-dimensional with bone tissue. The patient from Kahramanmaraş had lost her upper jaw six years prior in a firearm accident, including her mouth, lips, palate, teeth and nasal cavity, and was since then