query: Where did the Battle of the Bulge take place?

title: Battle of the Bulge

text: and southern Alsace launched to weaken Allied response in the Ardennes, and provided reinforcements to units fighting in the Ardennes. The battle has been depicted in numerous works of art, entertainment, and media, including: Battle of the Bulge The Battle of the Bulge (16 December 1944 – 25 January 1945) was the last major German offensive campaign on the Western Front during World War II. It was launched through the densely forested Ardennes region of Wallonia in eastern Belgium, northeast France, and Luxembourg, towards the end of World War II. The furthest west the offensive reached was the village of

title: Battle of the Bulge

text: Battle of the Bulge The Battle of the Bulge (16 December 1944 – 25 January 1945) was the last major German offensive campaign on the Western Front during World War II. It was launched through the densely forested Ardennes region of Wallonia in eastern Belgium, northeast France, and Luxembourg, towards the end of World War II. The furthest west the offensive reached was the village of Foy-Nôtre-Dame, south east of Dinant, being stopped by the British 21st Army Group on 24 December 1944. The German offensive was intended to stop Allied use of the Belgian port of Antwerp and to

title: Battle of the Bulge (film)

text: Belgium and Luxembourg and lasted nearly a month, into under three hours. They also shot parts of the film on terrain that did not resemble actual battle locations. This left them open to criticism for lack of historical accuracy, but they claimed in the end credits that they had "re-organized" the chronological order of events to maximize the dramatic story. Unlike most World War II epics, "Battle of the Bulge" contains virtually no portrayals of actual senior Allied leaders, civilian or military. This is presumably because of controversies surrounding the battle, both during the war and after. Though Allied forces

title: Axis & Allies: Battle of the Bulge

text: & Allies" games, where American and British forces are controlled by different players, the Allied player controls both American and British forces, due to the small numbers of British forces represented. American and British forces are identical in this game, and the different colors are used solely for historical accuracy. "Battle of the Bulge" is played on a hexagonal grid, with the eastern parts of the board representing Germany and the large majority representing Belgium, although Antwerp, the Germans' eventual objective, is not represented on the map. The objective of "Battle of the Bulge" is for the Germans to acquire

title: Battle of the Bulge

text: control led to massive traffic jams and fuel shortages in forward units. In the center, von Manteuffel's Fifth Panzer Army attacked towards Bastogne and St. Vith, both road junctions of great strategic importance. In the south, Brandenberger's Seventh Army pushed towards Luxembourg in its efforts to secure the flank from Allied attacks. Only one month before, 250 members of the Waffen-SS had unsuccessfully tried to recapture the town of Vianden with its castle from the Luxembourgish resistance during the Battle of Vianden. While the Siege of Bastogne is often credited as the central point where the German offensive was stopped,

title: Command Ops: Battles from the Bulge

text: Command Ops: Battles from the Bulge Command Ops: Battle from the Bulge (commonly abbreviated BFTB) is a strategic command level computer wargame developed and by Panther Games in Australia and published by Matrix Games in 2010. The game is set around the historical WWII Western Front German offensive and Allied counter-offensive of 1944-45 launched through the Ardennes mountain region of Belgium, France and Luxembourg. During the bitter cold of winter just before Christmas, 1944, Nazi Germany launched their last major Western Front offensive of the Second World War, Unternehmen Wacht am Rhein ("Operation Watch on the Rhine"). The goal was

title: Battle of the Bulge (film)

text: Battle of the Bulge (film) Battle of the Bulge is a 1965 American widescreen epic war film produced in Spain, directed by Ken Annakin, and starring Henry Fonda, Robert Shaw, Telly Savalas, Robert Ryan, Dana Andrews, and Charles Bronson. The feature was filmed in Ultra Panavision 70 and exhibited in 70 mm Cinerama. "Battle of the Bulge" had its world premiere on December 16, 1965, the 21st anniversary of the titular battle, at the Pacific Cinerama Dome Theatre in Hollywood, California. The filmmakers attempted to condense the Ardennes Counteroffensive, a World War II battle that stretched across parts of Germany,

title: Battle of the Bulge

text: escaped the battle area, although the fuel situation had become so dire that most of the German armor had to be abandoned. On 7 January 1945 Hitler agreed to withdraw all forces from the Ardennes, including the SS-Panzer divisions, thus ending all offensive operations. Considerable fighting went on for another 3 weeks; St. Vith was recaptured by the Americans on 23 January, and the last German units participating in the offensive did not return to their start line until 25 January. Winston Churchill, addressing the House of Commons following the Battle of the Bulge said, "This is undoubtedly the greatest

title: Battle of the Bulge order of battle

text: Battle of the Bulge order of battle This is the order of battle of German and Allied forces during the Battle of the Bulge — specifically, at a point near the end of the battle, which lasted from 16 December 1944 until 25 January 1945. As with any large Army organization in extended combat, forces and their assignments shifted over the course of the battle. For example, when the German attack began on 16 December, the U.S. 7th Armored Division was assigned to XIII Corps, U.S. Ninth Army, 12th Army Group. Later that day, its alignment became VIII Corps, U.S.

title: Battle of the Bulge order of battle

text:
Erich Brandenberger General der Kavallerie Edwin von Rothkirch General der Infanterie Franz Beyer General der Infanterie Baptist Kniess II Fighter Corps
 Genmaj. Dietrich Peltz III Flak Corps
 Genlt. Wolfgang Pickert Battle of the Bulge order of battle This is the order of battle of German and Allied forces during the Battle of the Bulge — specifically, at a point near the end of the battle, which lasted from 16 December 1944 until 25 January 1945. As with any large Army organization in extended combat, forces and their assignments shifted over the course of the battle. For example, when

title: Axis & Allies: Battle of the Bulge

text: Axis & Allies: Battle of the Bulge Axis & Allies: Battle of the Bulge is a board game which depicts the Battle of the Bulge, the German's "last-ditch" offensive of World War II. It is similar to "" in that the game is played on a tactical rather than strategic level, although the gameplay is radically different from "D-Day" or any other previous "Axis and Allies" game. It is designed by Larry Harris, and published by Avalon Hill. "A&A:Battle of the Bulge" is played between two players: one commanding the Germans and the other the Allied forces. Unlike previous "Axis

title: Battle of the Bulge

text: aircraft (in the concluding stages of the engagement) also sustained heavy losses. The Germans officially referred to the offensive as Unternehmen Wacht am Rhein ("Operation Watch on the Rhine"), while the Allies designated it the Ardennes Counteroffensive. The phrase "Battle of the Bulge" was coined by contemporary press to describe the bulge in German front lines on wartime news maps, and it became the most widely used name for the battle. The offensive was planned by the German forces with utmost secrecy, with minimal radio traffic and movements of troops and equipment under cover of darkness. Intercepted German communications indicating

title: Battle of the Bulge

text: inner flank to partially fulfill its assigned role. Eisenhower and his principal commanders realized by 17 December that the fighting in the Ardennes was a major offensive and not a local counterattack, and they ordered vast reinforcements to the area. Within a week 250,000 troops had been sent. General Gavin of the 82nd Airborne Division arrived on the scene first and ordered the 101st to hold Bastogne while the 82nd would take the more difficult task of facing the SS Panzer Divisions; it was also thrown into the battle north of the bulge, near Elsenborn Ridge. By the time the

title: Battle of the Bulge (1991 game)

text: die rolls. All differences require retreats, moderate differences require an additional one step of damage, and large differences require a total of two steps of damage. The attacker does not move on a retreat; he is considered to have retreated from the attacked hex to where he began the attack. Large units (generally divisions) may take four steps of damage before being destroyed; smaller units (typically regiments) are destroyed by the first step of damage received. Avalon Hill's magazine "The General" made "Battle of the Bulge" the featured coverage in Volume 27 Issue 5. Articles on both German and American

title: The Gulf War Did Not Take Place

text: the experience of what truly happened in the conflict, and its stylized, selective misrepresentation through "simulacra". The Gulf War Did Not Take Place The Gulf War Did Not Take Place () is a collection of three short essays by Jean Baudrillard published in the French newspaper "Libération" and British paper "The Guardian" between January and March 1991. Contrary to the title, the author believes that the events and violence of the Gulf War actually took place, whereas the issue is one of interpretation: were the events that took place comparable to how they were presented, and could these events be

title: The Gulf War Did Not Take Place

text: The Gulf War Did Not Take Place The Gulf War Did Not Take Place () is a collection of three short essays by Jean Baudrillard published in the French newspaper "Libération" and British paper "The Guardian" between January and March 1991. Contrary to the title, the author believes that the events and violence of the Gulf War actually took place, whereas the issue is one of interpretation: were the events that took place comparable to how they were presented, and could these events be called a war? The title is a reference to the play "The Trojan War Will Not

title: Axis & Allies: Battle of the Bulge

text: on supplies. However, the major feature is the front line itself: whenever Germany enters a new hex, it captures the hex, and possibly surrounding hexes, which changes the front line in the third phase of the game. Victory points are determined based on the hexes that are on the German side of the front line at the end of the turn. Axis & Allies: Battle of the Bulge Axis & Allies: Battle of the Bulge is a board game which depicts the Battle of the Bulge, the German's "last-ditch" offensive of World War II. It is similar to "" in

title: The Gulf War Did Not Take Place

text: Take Place" by Jean Giraudoux (in which characters attempt to prevent what the audience knows is inevitable). The essays in "Libération" and "The Guardian" were published before, during and after the Gulf War and they were titled accordingly: during the American military and rhetorical buildup as "The Gulf War Will not take Place"; during military action as "The Gulf War is not Taking Place", and after action was over, "The Gulf War Did Not Take Place". A book of elongated versions of the truncated original articles in French was published in May 1991. The English translation was published in early

title: Battle of the Bulge (film)

text: scan" technique often employed in network telecasts of widescreen motion pictures. The 1992 Laserdisc and 2005 DVD releases run at their full length and are presented letterboxed in the original 2.76:1 aspect ratio. A Blu-ray release followed in 2007, also in the original 2.76:1 aspect ratio. Battle of the Bulge (film) Battle of the Bulge is a 1965 American widescreen epic war film produced in Spain, directed by Ken Annakin, and starring Henry Fonda, Robert Shaw, Telly Savalas, Robert Ryan, Dana Andrews, and Charles Bronson. The feature was filmed in Ultra Panavision 70 and exhibited in 70 mm Cinerama. "Battle

title: Battle of the Bulge (1991 game)

text: strategy are provided. Additionally, scenarios for the January 1945 portion of the battle are detailed, though several unit counters must be hand-made. Battle of the Bulge (1991 game) Battle of the Bulge is a board wargame published by Avalon Hill as part of the "Smithsonian American History Series". The game simulates the World War II battle of the same name and is designed for two players. It is based upon the general Avalon Hill system of "combat" and "movement" factors with a focus upon ease of play. The basic rules cover a single sheet of approximately legal-sized paper. Aggressive gameplay

title: Battle of the Bulge (1991 game)

text: Battle of the Bulge (1991 game) Battle of the Bulge is a board wargame published by Avalon Hill as part of the "Smithsonian American History Series". The game simulates the World War II battle of the same name and is designed for two players. It is based upon the general Avalon Hill system of "combat" and "movement" factors with a focus upon ease of play. The basic rules cover a single sheet of approximately legal-sized paper. Aggressive gameplay is required by the German player, who must exceed the historical success of his forces. The American player must be able to

title: Battle of the Bulge

text: for the battle vary widely. According to the U.S. Department of Defense, American forces suffered 89,500 casualties including 19,000 killed, 47,500 wounded and 23,000 missing. An official report by the United States Department of the Army lists 105,102 casualties, including 19,246 killed, 62,489 wounded, and 26,612 captured or missing, though this incorporates losses suffered during the German offensive in Alsace, Operation "Nordwind." A preliminary Army report restricted to the First and Third U.S. Armies listed 75,000 casualties (8,400 killed, 46,000 wounded and 21,000 missing). The Battle of the Bulge was the bloodiest battle for U.S. forces in World War II.

title: Battle of the Bulge

text: that deceptively implied the Germans would be adopting a defensive posture along the Western Front. The Germans also referred to it as "Ardennenoffensive" (Ardennes Offensive) and Rundstedt-Offensive, both names being generally used nowadays in modern Germany. The French (and Belgian) name for the operation is Bataille des Ardennes (Battle of the Ardennes). The battle was militarily defined by the Allies as the Ardennes Counteroffensive, which included the German drive and the American effort to contain and later defeat it. The phrase Battle of the Bulge was coined by contemporary press to describe the way the Allied front line bulged inward

title: Battle of the Bulge

text: on wartime news maps. While the Ardennes Counteroffensive is the correct term in Allied military language, the official Ardennes-Alsace campaign reached beyond the Ardennes battle region, and the most popular description in English speaking countries remains simply the Battle of the Bulge. The OKW decided by mid-September, at Hitler's insistence, that the offensive would be mounted in the Ardennes, as was done in 1940. In 1940 German forces had passed through the Ardennes in three days before engaging the enemy, but the 1944 plan called for battle in the forest itself. The main forces were to advance westward to the

title: Battle of the Bulge

text: us". Lucas and Calvocoressi "expected heads to roll at Eisenhower's HQ, but they did no more than wobble". After the war ended, the U.S. Army issued battle credit in the form of the Ardennes-Alsace campaign citation to units and individuals that took part in operations in northwest Europe. The citation covered troops in the Ardennes sector where the main battle took place, as well as units further south in the Alsace sector, including those in the northern Alsace who filled in the vacuum created by the U.S. Third Army racing north, engaged in the concurrent Operation Nordwind diversion in central

title: Close Combat: Battle of the Bulge

text: The editors wrote that "Close Combat IV" was "Antietam!"s only "serious competition" for the award, but was hampered by "AI quirks and mysteriously reincarnating units". Close Combat: Battle of the Bulge Close Combat IV: Battle of the Bulge is video game released in 1999, and is the fourth game in the "Close Combat" video game series. "Close Combat IV" was a finalist for "Computer Games Strategy Plus"s 1999 "Wargame of the Year" prize, although it lost to "Panzer Campaigns I: Smolensk '41". The editors wrote of "Close Combat IV", "Atomic Games’ innovative series finds a new home but retains its

title: Battle of the Bulge (film)

text: the Bulge front in two, ceding temporary command of two American armies to Field Marshal Montgomery in the northern half of the Bulge; the film implies a totally American operation. There is also no mention of the role of Allied air power hitting the Germans hard at the first sign of clear weather. In fact, in the film, the sky during the battle is clear and partly cloudy. The film's opening narration, by William Conrad, mentions both Montgomery and Patton but is inaccurate: "to the north, stood Montgomery's Eighth Army. To the south, Patton's Third Army." In fact, Montgomery's northern

title: Close Combat: Battle of the Bulge

text: Close Combat: Battle of the Bulge Close Combat IV: Battle of the Bulge is video game released in 1999, and is the fourth game in the "Close Combat" video game series. "Close Combat IV" was a finalist for "Computer Games Strategy Plus"s 1999 "Wargame of the Year" prize, although it lost to "Panzer Campaigns I: Smolensk '41". The editors wrote of "Close Combat IV", "Atomic Games’ innovative series finds a new home but retains its high-quality gameplay." The game was also a runner-up for "Computer Gaming World"s 1999 "Wargame of the Year" award, which ultimately went to "Sid Meier's Antietam!"

title: Battle of the Bulge

text: the battle for Elsenborn Ridge was actually the decisive component of the Battle of the Bulge, stopping the advance of the best equipped armored units of the German army and forcing them to reroute their troops to unfavorable alternative routes that considerably slowed their advance. The attack on Monschau, Höfen, Krinkelt-Rocherath, and then Elsenborn Ridge was led by the units personally selected by Adolf Hitler. The 6th Panzer Army was given priority for supply and equipment and was assigned the shortest route to the ultimate objective of the offensive, Antwerp. The 6th Panzer Army included the elite of the Waffen-SS,

title: The Gulf War Did Not Take Place

text: 1995 translated by Paul Patton. Baudrillard argued the Gulf War was not really a war, but rather an atrocity which "masqueraded" as a war. Using overwhelming airpower, the American military for the most part did not directly engage in combat with the Iraqi army, and suffered few casualties. Almost nothing was made known about Iraqi deaths. Thus, the fighting "did not really take place" from the point of view of the west. Moreover, all that spectators got to know about the war was in the form of propaganda imagery. The closely watched media presentations made it impossible to distinguish between

title: Axis & Allies: Battle of the Bulge

text: to supplies. Combat is done through 12-sided dice, where a system of rolling dice to determine both the number of hits and the casualties sustained, as opposed to previous games where the defender may choose to assign casualties according to their strategic needs. Because of the size of the board and the supply mechanic, trucks have also been added to "Battle of the Bulge", facilitating the transport of infantry, artillery, and supplies to the front lines. Trucks may be captured and used by the enemy, and may be destroyed. They may also be sent off of the board to restock

title: Battle of the Bulge (film)

text: command was actually the 21st Army Group. The Eighth Army, Montgomery's previous command, was actually in Italy at the time of the Battle of the Bulge. Although Patton was actually in charge of Third Army during the battle, it was part of a much larger American force in the south and was one of four American armies of the 12th Army Group under General Omar Bradley. The film recaptures the major aspects of the battle, depicting how the inexperienced replacement American units stationed in the Ardennes were initially overwhelmed and how confused the situation became. It points out the superiority

title: Second Battle of Naktong Bulge

text: Second Battle of Naktong Bulge The Second Battle of Naktong Bulge was an engagement between United Nations (UN) and North Korean (NK) forces early in the Korean War from September 1 to September 15, 1950, along the Naktong River in South Korea. It was a part of the Battle of Pusan Perimeter, and was one of several large engagements fought simultaneously. The battle ended in a victory for the United Nations after large numbers of United States (US) and Republic of Korea (ROK) troops repelled a strong North Korean attack. After the First Battle of Naktong Bulge, the US Army's

title: First Battle of Naktong Bulge

text: third them killed. In memory of the battle at Naktong Bulge, as well as other conflicts along the Pusan Perimeter and the Battle of Taegu, the South Korean government set up the Nakdong River Battle Museum along the river in the vicinity of the conflict in 1979, which includes a number of artifacts from the Korean War as well as a memorial to those killed during the war. First Battle of Naktong Bulge The First Battle of Naktong Bulge was an engagement between United States and North Korean forces early in the Korean War from August 5–19, 1950 in the

title: Second Battle of Naktong Bulge

text: 2nd Infantry Division at the Naktong Bulge to Miryang and Yongsan. During the North Koreans' September 1 offensive, the US 25th Infantry Division's US 35th Infantry Regiment was heavily engaged in the Battle of Nam River north of Masan. On the 35th Regiment's right flank, just north of the confluence of the Nam River and the Naktong River, was the US 9th Infantry Regiment, US 2nd Infantry Division. There, in the southernmost part of the 2nd Infantry Division zone, the 9th Infantry Regiment held a sector more than long, including the bulge area of the Naktong where the First Battle

title: Battle of the Bulge

text: tanks, tank destroyers, and assault guns; 2,600 artillery pieces; 1,600 anti-tank guns; and over 1,000 combat aircraft, as well as large numbers of other armoured fighting vehicles (AFVs). These were reinforced a couple of weeks later, bringing the offensive's total strength to around 450,000 troops, and 1,500 tanks and assault guns. Between 63,222 and 98,000 of these men were killed, missing, wounded in action, or captured. For the Americans, out of a peak of 610,000 troops, 89,000 became casualties out of which some 19,000 were killed. The "Bulge" was the largest and bloodiest single battle fought by the United States

title: Battle of the Bulge

text: because meteorological reports warned of a thaw later in the month, and the tanks needed hard ground for the offensive (and the advance of the Red Army was assisted by two Panzer Armies (5th and 6th) being redeployed for the Ardennes attack). During World War II, most U.S. black soldiers still served only in maintenance or service positions, or in segregated units. Because of troop shortages during the Battle of the Bulge, Eisenhower decided to integrate the service for the first time. This was an important step toward a desegregated United States military. More than 2,000 black soldiers had volunteered

title: Battle of the Bulge

text: seen by them as an overly cautious commander, arrogant, and all too willing to say uncharitable things about the Americans. The British Prime Minister Winston Churchill found it necessary in a speech to Parliament to explicitly state that the Battle of the Bulge was purely an American victory. Montgomery subsequently recognized his error and later wrote: "Not only was it probably a mistake to have held this conference at all in the sensitive state of feeling at the time, but what I said was skilfully distorted by the enemy. Chester Wilmot explained that his dispatch to the BBC about it

title: Battle of the Bulge (1991 game)

text: provided. Important victory objectives like Bastogne are noted directly on the board. Double-sided cardboard counters represent land units from divisional to regimental levels. Major units are 3/4" square in size, minor units 1/2" square. Additional counters denote damage and fortification, and in the advanced game, supply, fuel, aircraft, commando units, and more. Gameplay always begins with the historical order of battle in historical positions. Reinforcements enter the field of battle on historical dates but generally possess some flexibility regarding entry position. Movement in "Battle of the Bulge" is not dice-dependent but rather based upon a fixed value per unit. Total

title: Battle of the Bulge

text: on 17 December, described the situation to General Dwight Eisenhower as "Krauts ... speaking perfect English ... raising hell, cutting wires, turning road signs around, spooking whole divisions, and shoving a bulge into our defenses." Checkpoints were set up all over the Allied rear, greatly slowing the movement of soldiers and equipment. American MPs at these checkpoints grilled troops on things that every American was expected to know, like the identity of Mickey Mouse's girlfriend, baseball scores, or the capital of a particular U.S. state—though many could not remember or did not know. General Omar Bradley was briefly detained when

title: Second Battle of Naktong Bulge

text: the pass between Cloverleaf Hill and Obong-ni Ridge, from the river and from Yongsan. This was the critical terrain where so much heavy fighting had taken place in the first battle of the Naktong Bulge. Fighting began at the pass at 02:30 when an American medium tank of A Company, 72nd Tank Battalion, knocked out a T-34 at Tugok, also called Morisil. E Company never reached its blocking position. A strong North Korean force surprised and delivered heavy automatic fire on it at 03:30 from positions astride the road east of the pass. The company suffered heavy casualties, including the

title: First Battle of Naktong Bulge

text: First Battle of Naktong Bulge The First Battle of Naktong Bulge was an engagement between United States and North Korean forces early in the Korean War from August 5–19, 1950 in the vicinity of Yongsan (Yeongsan, Changnyeong county) and the Naktong River in South Korea. It was a part of the Battle of Pusan Perimeter, and was one of several large engagements fought simultaneously. The battle ended in a victory for the United States after large numbers of US reinforcements destroyed an attacking North Korean division. On August 5, 4th Infantry Division, North Korean People's Army (NKPA), crossed the Naktong

title: Second Battle of Naktong Bulge

text: the Battle of Pusan Perimeter, most of which probably occurred at Yongsan. Of all the North Korean attacks along the Pusan Perimeter, the Second Battle of Naktong Bulge is seen by historians as the most serious threat. It was the battle in which the North Koreans made the most substantial gains, splitting the US 2nd Infantry Division in half and briefly capturing Yongsan, where they were very close to breaching through to the US forces' supply lines and threatening other divisions' rear areas. However, once again the fatal weakness of the North Korean Army had cost it victory after an

title: Second Battle of Naktong Bulge

text: impressive initial success—its communications and supply were not capable of exploiting a breakthrough and of supporting a continuing attack in the face of massive air, armor, and artillery fire that could be concentrated against its troops at critical points. By September 8, the North Korean attacks in the area had been repulsed. Second Battle of Naktong Bulge The Second Battle of Naktong Bulge was an engagement between United Nations (UN) and North Korean (NK) forces early in the Korean War from September 1 to September 15, 1950, along the Naktong River in South Korea. It was a part of the

title: Second Battle of Naktong Bulge

text: UN counteroffensive before countering with battles at Komam-ni and Battle Mountain. These attacks stalled as UN forces, well equipped and with plenty of reserves, repeatedly repelled North Korean attacks. North of Masan, the NK 4th Division and the US 24th Infantry Division sparred in the Naktong Bulge area. In the First Battle of Naktong Bulge, the North Korean division was unable to hold its bridgehead across the river as large numbers of US reserve forces were brought in to repel it, and on August 19, the NK 4th Division was forced back across the river with 50 percent casualties. In

title: The Bulge

text: The Bulge The Bulge is a mountain located in Coos County, New Hampshire. The mountain is part of the Pilot Range of the White Mountains. The Bulge is flanked to the northeast by The Horn, and to the southwest by Mount Cabot. The Bulge stands within the watershed of the Connecticut River, which drains into Long Island Sound in Connecticut. The southeast face of The Bulge drains into the headwaters of the West Branch of the Upper Ammonoosuc River, a tributary of the Connecticut River. The north face of The Bulge drains north, thence into the West Branch of Mill

title: The Bulge

text: Brook, and into the Upper Ammonoosuc. The west face of The Bulge drains into Fox Brook, thence into Whipple Brook, Burnside Brook, Otter Brook, and the Israel River, another tributary of the Connecticut. The Bulge The Bulge is a mountain located in Coos County, New Hampshire. The mountain is part of the Pilot Range of the White Mountains. The Bulge is flanked to the northeast by The Horn, and to the southwest by Mount Cabot. The Bulge stands within the watershed of the Connecticut River, which drains into Long Island Sound in Connecticut. The southeast face of The Bulge drains

title: Battle of the Bulge

text: British casualties totaled 1,400 with 200 deaths. The German High Command estimated that they lost between 81,834 and 98,024 men in the Bulge between 16 December 1944 and 28 January 1945; the accepted figure was 81,834, of which 12,652 were killed, 38,600 were wounded, and 30,582 were missing. Allied estimates on German casualties range from 81,000 to 103,000. Some authors have estimated German casualties as high as 125,000. German armored losses to all causes were between 527 and 554, with 324 tanks being lost in combat. Of the German write-offs, 16–20 were Tigers, 191–194 Panthers, 141–158 Panzer IVs, and 179–182

title: Now Where Did the 7th Company Get to?

text: Now Where Did the 7th Company Get to? Now Where Did the 7th Company Get To? () is a 1973 French-Italian comedy war film directed by Robert Lamoureux. The film portraya the adventures of three French soldiers lost somewhere on the front in May 1940 during the Battle of France. During the Battle of France, while German forces are spreading across the country, the 7th Transmission Company suffers an air raid near the Machecoul woods, but survive and hide in the woods. Captain Dumont, the company commander, sends Louis Chaudard, Pithiviers and Tassin to scout the area. After burying the

title: Now Where Did the 7th Company Get to?

text: When Captain Dumont joins his Chaudard, Tassin, and Pithiviers in the truck, who salute the German commander with a great smile. The movie received a great success in France reaching the third best selling movie in 1974. Now Where Did the 7th Company Get to? Now Where Did the 7th Company Get To? () is a 1973 French-Italian comedy war film directed by Robert Lamoureux. The film portraya the adventures of three French soldiers lost somewhere on the front in May 1940 during the Battle of France. During the Battle of France, while German forces are spreading across the country,

title: Battle of the Bulge

text: Stavelot. "Kampfgruppe" Sandig, which had been ordered to take Stavelot, launched another attack without success. Sixth Panzer Army commander Sepp Dietrich ordered Hermann Prieß, commanding officer of the I SS Panzer Corps, to increase its efforts to back Peiper's battle group, but Prieß was unable to break through. Small units of the U.S. 2nd Battalion, 119th Infantry Regiment, 30th Infantry Division, attacked the dispersed units of "Kampfgruppe" Peiper on the morning of 21 December. They failed and were forced to withdraw, and a number were captured, including battalion commander Maj. Hal McCown. Peiper learned that his reinforcements had been directed

title: Battle of the Bulge

text: advance required nine hours in 1940. "Kampfgruppe" Peiper attacked Stavelot on 18 December but was unable to capture the town before the Americans evacuated a large fuel depot. Three tanks attempted to take the bridge, but the lead vehicle was disabled by a mine. Following this, 60 grenadiers advanced forward but were stopped by concentrated American defensive fire. After a fierce tank battle the next day, the Germans finally entered the town when U.S. engineers failed to blow the bridge. Capitalizing on his success and not wanting to lose more time, Peiper rushed an advance group toward the vital bridge

title: Battle of the Bulge

text: prospect of being cut off. At dawn on 19 December, Peiper surprised the American defenders of Stoumont by sending infantry from the 2nd SS Panzergrenadier Regiment in an attack and a company of Fallschirmjäger to infiltrate their lines. He followed this with a Panzer attack, gaining the eastern edge of the town. An American tank battalion arrived but, after a two-hour tank battle, Peiper finally captured Stoumont at 10:30. Knittel joined up with Peiper and reported the Americans had recaptured Stavelot to their east. Peiper ordered Knittel to retake Stavelot. Assessing his own situation, he determined that his "Kampfgruppe" did

title: Battle of the Shirts

text: near Urquhart Castle, destroying what they did not take. Parliament attempted to summon John to answer accusations of treason several times beginning in September, but John did not respond. No records suggest that Parliament ever successfully called to account the Captain of Clanranald, who finally died unrepentant in 1584. Battle of the Shirts The Battle of the Shirts (, also the Battle of Kinloch-Lochy) was a Scottish clan battle that took place in 1544 in the Great Glen, at the northern end of Loch Lochy. The Clan Macdonald of Clanranald and their allies the Clan Cameron fought the Clan Fraser

title: Battle of the Bulge

text: only four infantry divisions, with no large-scale armored formations to use as a spearhead unit. As a result, they made little progress throughout the battle. Also participating in a secondary role was the Fifteenth Army, under General Gustav-Adolf von Zangen. Recently brought back up to strength and re-equipped after heavy fighting during Operation Market Garden, it was located on the far north of the Ardennes battlefield and tasked with holding U.S. forces in place, with the possibility of launching its own attack given favorable conditions. For the offensive to be successful, four criteria were deemed critical: the attack had to

title: Order of battle for the Battle of Dumlupınar

text: Order of battle for the Battle of Dumlupınar On August 1922 during the Battle of Dumlupınar, the opposing armies were deployed as follows: In summer 1922, the Greek Army of Asia Minor () held a front of 713 km, extending from Cius in the Sea of Marmara south-east to a bulge around Eskisehir, thence south to Afyonkarahisar, where it turned west and south over the Akar Dağ Mountain and then followed the right bank of the Büyük Menderes River to the Aegean Sea. The line had been established following the retreat of autumn 1921, after the Battle of Sakarya. The

text: Minister of National Defence: Mirliva Kâzım Pasha Order of battle for the Battle of Dumlupınar On August 1922 during the Battle of Dumlupınar, the opposing armies were deployed as follows: In summer 1922, the Greek Army of Asia Minor () held a front of 713 km, extending from Cius in the Sea of Marmara south-east to a bulge around Eskisehir, thence south to Afyonkarahisar, where it turned west and south over the Akar Dağ Mountain and then followed the right bank of the Büyük Menderes River to the Aegean Sea. The line had been established following the retreat of autumn

title: Battle of the Bulge

text: the villages, but were unable to dislodge them from the ridge, where elements of the V Corps of the First U.S. Army prevented the German forces from reaching the road network to their west. Operation Stösser was a paratroop drop into the American rear in the High Fens (; ; ) area. The objective was the "Baraque Michel" crossroads. It was led by Oberst Friedrich August Freiherr von der Heydte, considered by Germans to be a hero of the Battle of Crete. It was the German paratroopers' only night time drop during World War II. Von der Heydte was given

title: Battle of the Bulge

text: the Allied invasion of Germany by several weeks. The High Command of the Allied forces had planned to resume the offensive by early January 1945, after the wet season rains and severe frosts, but those plans had to be postponed until 29 January 1945 in connection with the unexpected changes in the front. The Allies pressed their advantage following the battle. By the beginning of February 1945, the lines were roughly where they had been in December 1944. In early February, the Allies launched an attack all along the Western front: in the north under Montgomery toward Aachen; in the

title: Battle of the Bulge (film)

text: and confidently marches on, his personal war over. The final tank battle is a rough depiction of the Battle of Celles on December 26, 1944, where the U.S. 2nd Armored Div. smashed the German 2nd Panzer Division. The film creates the false impression that large numbers of American tanks sacrificed themselves against the heavy Tiger IIs and in the process lured the enemy off course, which caused them to run out of gas. In reality, they were already stranded. The tanks used, despite the claims of the producer in an interview, which is one of the DVD extras, are not

title: Second Battle of Naktong Bulge

text: and cut off after Inchon, was on the brink of defeat. By this time, the US 2nd Infantry Division suffered 1,120 killed, 2,563 wounded, 67 captured and 69 missing during its time at Pusan Perimeter. This included about 180 casualties it suffered during the First Battle of Naktong Bulge the previous month. American forces were continually repulsed but able to prevent the North Koreans from breaking the Pusan Perimeter. The division had numbered 17,498 on September 1, but was in excellent position to attack despite its casualties. The 1st Provisional Marine Brigade suffered 185 killed and around 500 wounded during

title: Command Ops: Battles from the Bulge

text: region. Pack one will consist of twenty scenarios and will cover Greece, and pack two will consist of fifteen scenarios and will cover the Mediterranean. On 20 June 2013, the second expansion pack was officially released worldwide for digital download and boxed editions. "Command Ops: Battles for Greece" features nineteen historical and what-if scenarios covering the major battles of the early Italian invasion of Greece and the German invasion, Operation Marita, in 1941. Command Ops: Battles from the Bulge Command Ops: Battle from the Bulge (commonly abbreviated BFTB) is a strategic command level computer wargame developed and by Panther Games

title: Haiti: Where Did the Money Go

text: Haiti: Where Did the Money Go Haiti: Where Did the Money Go? is a 2012 Film at Eleven Media production that was produced, written and directed by Michele Mitchell. Shot in the aftermath of the 2010 Haiti earthquake, the documentary looks at what really happens with the money donated to help with disaster aid. "Haiti: Where Did The Money Go?" aired on PBS and won the 2013 Edward R. Murrow Award for News Documentary. "Haiti: Where Did the Money Go" seeks to discover where the funds raised for the relief effort after the 2010 earthquake in Haiti really went. Taking

title: Haiti: Where Did the Money Go

text: Best Investigative Documentary •2013 Edward R. Murrow Award for News Documentary •2013 Women's International Film Festival Best Documentary Short Haiti: Where Did the Money Go Haiti: Where Did the Money Go? is a 2012 Film at Eleven Media production that was produced, written and directed by Michele Mitchell. Shot in the aftermath of the 2010 Haiti earthquake, the documentary looks at what really happens with the money donated to help with disaster aid. "Haiti: Where Did The Money Go?" aired on PBS and won the 2013 Edward R. Murrow Award for News Documentary. "Haiti: Where Did the Money Go" seeks

title: Battle of the Bulge

text: on to talk about the necessity of Allied teamwork, and praised Eisenhower, stating, "Teamwork wins battles and battle victories win wars. On our team, the captain is General Ike." Then Montgomery described the course of the battle for a half-hour. Coming to the end of his speech he said he had "employed the whole available power of the British Group of Armies; this power was brought into play very gradually ... Finally it was put into battle with a bang ... you thus have the picture of British troops fighting on both sides of the Americans who have suffered a

title: Where Did the Feeling Go?

text: Where Did the Feeling Go? "Where Did the Feeling Go?" is a song written by Michael Masser and Norman Saleet and first recorded by American singer Jill Michaels in 1985, and then by Russell Hitchcock (from the band Air Supply) for his eponymous debut solo album in 1988. The song found renewed interest when Selena recorded the song a year later in 1989; however, it was not released until 1997 when it was featured in the film "Selena" and its soundtrack album, following her death in 1995. The song was later included on the "20 Years of Music" version of

title: Where Did the Night Fall

text: the original photo shoot with Warren Du Preez and Nick Thornton Jones. Adapted from AllMusic. Where Did the Night Fall Where Did the Night Fall is the fourth regular studio album from British electronic music act Unkle, released on . As a documentation of the work on the album, on 13 April 2009, James Lavelle, Unkle's mastermind, started an official "UNKLE Blog". According to the first post, Lavelle started to work in studio in January 2009 with Pablo Clements, James Griffith, Joel Cadbury, Gavin Clark, Matt Pierce and Mike Lowry. On a single, "Heavy Drug (Surrender Sounds Mix)", was made

title: Where Did the Night Fall

text: Where Did the Night Fall Where Did the Night Fall is the fourth regular studio album from British electronic music act Unkle, released on . As a documentation of the work on the album, on 13 April 2009, James Lavelle, Unkle's mastermind, started an official "UNKLE Blog". According to the first post, Lavelle started to work in studio in January 2009 with Pablo Clements, James Griffith, Joel Cadbury, Gavin Clark, Matt Pierce and Mike Lowry. On a single, "Heavy Drug (Surrender Sounds Mix)", was made available digitally via Beatport and iTunes. On the download was followed by a remix EP

title: Where Did the Night Fall

text: UNKLE revealed that "Where Did the Night Fall" would be re-released as "Where Did the Night Fall – Another Night Out". The first disc will contain the same songs that are on the original album but the second disc contains material from two of UNKLE's previous EPs, plus a number of exclusive and rare tracks. It was released on 11 April 2011. The standard edition comes packaged as a double jewel case with a 16-page booklet. The limited edition comes in a gold outer slipcase featuring a fully re-worked 16-page board book and 32-page booklet with new exclusive shots from

title: Where Did the Feeling Go?

text: her 1992 album "Entre a Mi Mundo". Where Did the Feeling Go? "Where Did the Feeling Go?" is a song written by Michael Masser and Norman Saleet and first recorded by American singer Jill Michaels in 1985, and then by Russell Hitchcock (from the band Air Supply) for his eponymous debut solo album in 1988. The song found renewed interest when Selena recorded the song a year later in 1989; however, it was not released until 1997 when it was featured in the film "Selena" and its soundtrack album, following her death in 1995. The song was later included on

title: Second Battle of Naktong Bulge

text: of Naktong Bulge had taken place earlier in August. Each US infantry company on the river line here had a front of to and they held only key hills and observation points, as the units were extremely spread out along the wide front. During the last week of August, US troops on these hills could see minor North Korean activity across the river, which they thought was North Koreans organizing the high ground on the west side of the Naktong against a possible American attack. There were occasional attacks on the 9th Infantry's forward positions, but to the men in

title: Second Battle of Naktong Bulge

text: Miryang and with it the entire Eighth Army position. At 11:00 Walker ordered US Marine Corps Brigadier General Edward A. Craig, commanding the 1st Provisional Marine Brigade, to prepare the marines to move at once. The marines made ready to depart for the Naktong Bulge at 13:30. The situation on the front was chaotic during the day September 1. The North Koreans at one place had crossed at the Kihang ferry, captured Agok, and scattered A Company, 9th Infantry at its positions from Agok northward. A Company withdrew to positions on the ridge line back of the river. From there

title: Where Did They Go (album)

text: Where Did They Go (album) Where Did They Go is a 1971 album by Peggy Lee. It was arranged and conducted by Don Sebesky and Al Capps. The recording sessions for this album took place at the Capitol Tower in Hollywood, California. "Where Did They Go" was Peggy Lee's first album not to make the "Billboard" 200 chart since her Grammy-winning hit "Is That All There Is?" in 1969. Burt Bacharach and Hal David wrote the song "My Rock And Foundation" specifically for Lee. Capitol Records released "Where Did They Go" (backed by "All I Want") as a 45" single

title: Battle of the Bulge

text: 45 divisions, including a dozen panzer and "Panzergrenadier" divisions forming the armored spearhead and various infantry units to form a defensive line as the battle unfolded. By this time the German Army suffered from an acute manpower shortage, and the force had been reduced to around 30 divisions. Although it retained most of its armor, there were not enough infantry units because of the defensive needs in the East. These 30 newly rebuilt divisions used some of the last reserves of the German Army. Among them were "Volksgrenadier" ("People's Grenadier") units formed from a mix of battle-hardened veterans and recruits

title: The Battle of Sealand

text: The Battle of Sealand The Battle of Sealand is the debut studio album by American shoegaze band Airiel. It was released August 21, 2007 on Chicago-based Highwheel Records. The album was named after the Principality of Sealand. According to an article on the "Sealand News" website, the members of the band were named official lords of Sealand in recognition of naming their album after the micronation. On September 30, 2007, it was announced that Airiel would be the first rock band to perform at Sealand; however, the concert did not take place. The band lineup for the album's recording included

title: Second Battle of Naktong Bulge

text: the Taegu region, five North Korean divisions were repulsed by three UN divisions in several attempts to attack the city during the Battle of Taegu. Particularly heavy fighting took place at the Battle of the Bowling Alley where the NK 13th Division was almost completely destroyed in the attack. On the east coast, three more North Korean divisions were repulsed by the South Koreans at P'ohang-dong during the Battle of P'ohang-dong. All along the front, the North Korean troops were reeling from these defeats, the first time in the war their strategies were not working. In planning its new offensive,

title: Where Did All the Love Go?

text: this single did prove popular on the radio. Where Did All the Love Go? "Where Did All the Love Go?" is a song by English rock band Kasabian and is the second official single from their third album "West Ryder Pauper Lunatic Asylum". It was released on 10 August 2009. Guitarist Sergio Pizzorno explained the song's meaning to "New Musical Express" stating that "It's sitting at home seeing another kid get stabbed, everyone is scared and going, 'What the fuck is going on?" The song also speaks about the Internet, with Pizzorno elaborating in an interview with "The Sun" that

title: Take Your Place

text: Sadler's Wells. As a yearling Take Your Place was auctioned at Keeneland in July 1974 and was sold for $125,000. He passed into the ownership of Carlo d'Alessio and was sent to Europe where he was trained by Henry Cecil at Warren Place in Newmarket. Take Your Place began his racing career by winning a maiden race over seven furlongs at Newmarket Racecourse and then won a minor event over the same distance at Great Yarmouth. On 25 October he was moved up sharply in class for the Group One Observer Gold Cup, Britain's most valuable race for juveniles, over

title: Battle of Liberty Place Monument

text: Battle of Liberty Place Monument The Battle of Liberty Place Monument is a stone obelisk on an inscribed plinth, formerly on display in New Orleans, in the U.S. state of Louisiana, commemorating the "Battle of Liberty Place", an 1874 attempt by Democratic White League paramilitary organizations to take control of the government of Louisiana from its Reconstruction Era Republican leadership after a disputed gubernatorial election. Erected in 1891 by a white-dominated city government, the obelisk became the site of protests and rallies by both white supremacists and those who objected to it as a symbol of racism. It was removed

title: Battle of Liberty Place Monument

text: following inscription was added in 1932: In 1974, the city government added an adjacent marker, which stated: When the monument was moved in 1993, some of the original inscriptions were removed, and replaced with new inscriptions that state in part: Battle of Liberty Place Monument The Battle of Liberty Place Monument is a stone obelisk on an inscribed plinth, formerly on display in New Orleans, in the U.S. state of Louisiana, commemorating the "Battle of Liberty Place", an 1874 attempt by Democratic White League paramilitary organizations to take control of the government of Louisiana from its Reconstruction Era Republican leadership

title: First Battle of Naktong Bulge

text: press forward and regain the Cloverleaf Hill and Oblong-ni Ridge, critical terrain astride the main road in the bulge area. By 16:00 that day, the 9th Infantry Regiment, 2nd US Infantry Division, a unit newly arrived in Korea, was sent to the region. Church immediately ordered it to attack the North Korean salient at the bulge. 9th Infantry was fresh and well-equipped. They were also inexperienced, many of their number being reservists. Despite a tenacious attack, the 9th Infantry was only able to regain part of Cloverleaf Hill before intense fighting stalled its movement. North Korean forces began making gains

title: Battle of the Bulge

text: up with a total of around 300 troops. Too small and too weak to counter the Allies, they abandoned plans to take the crossroads and instead converted the mission to reconnaissance. With only enough ammunition for a single fight, they withdrew towards Germany and attacked the rear of the American lines. Only about 100 of his weary men finally reached the German rear. Following the Malmedy massacre, on New Year's Day 1945, after having previously received orders to take no prisoners, American soldiers shot approximately sixty German prisoners of war near the Belgian village of Chenogne (8 km from Bastogne).

title: Where Did the Good Times Go?

text: Where Did the Good Times Go? "Where Did the Good Times Go?" is, what is popularly termed, the "big ballad" or "11 o'clock number" from the musical "Over Here!", which opened on Broadway at the Shubert Theatre (Broadway) on March 6, 1974. The song is the penultimate moment of drama when all seems lost toward the end of the second act. The song was somewhat successful as a single for Patty Andrews, who debuted the song in the show. The song was written by Robert B. Sherman and Richard M. Sherman. The recording on both the LP and the single

title: Where Did the Good Times Go?

text: are mixed without hi-hat. In 1992 when the Original cast CD was released, the hi-hat was suddenly apparent in the recording. It is most likely that the hi-hat was always present in the mix, but just not loud enough to be heard. It was probably boosted in the remix and subsequent remastering. Where Did the Good Times Go? "Where Did the Good Times Go?" is, what is popularly termed, the "big ballad" or "11 o'clock number" from the musical "Over Here!", which opened on Broadway at the Shubert Theatre (Broadway) on March 6, 1974. The song is the penultimate moment

title: Where Did All the Love Go?

text: Where Did All the Love Go? "Where Did All the Love Go?" is a song by English rock band Kasabian and is the second official single from their third album "West Ryder Pauper Lunatic Asylum". It was released on 10 August 2009. Guitarist Sergio Pizzorno explained the song's meaning to "New Musical Express" stating that "It's sitting at home seeing another kid get stabbed, everyone is scared and going, 'What the fuck is going on?" The song also speaks about the Internet, with Pizzorno elaborating in an interview with "The Sun" that "Kids today grow up really quickly and there's

title: Second Battle of Naktong Bulge

text: Company moved all the way to the 25th Division positions south of the Naktong. On September 1 that division reported that 110 men of C Company had come into its lines. Meanwhile, north of Agok and A Company's position, B Company, 9th Infantry, held a similar position on Hill 209 overlooking the Paekchin ferry crossing of the river. This ferry was located at the middle of the Naktong Bulge where the Yongsan road came down to the Naktong and crossed it. The US 2nd Infantry Division had planned a reconnaissance mission to start from there the night of August 31,

title: Battle of the Bulge (film)

text: and work of the tank destroyer units. Aside from the initial American encounters with the German offensive is the absence of cold weather and snow, which were the conditions in which the real battle was fought. There is no trace of snow at all in the film's major tank battle scene, and some battle scenes were fought in flat and bare territory, unlike the mountainous, forested and grassy nature of the Ardennes. The film was shot on location in the Sierra de Guadarrama mountain range and Madrid, Spain. The sequence with Lt. Schumacher and his men was based on Operation

title: Battle of Stalingrad

text: later by General Maximilian von Weichs. The start of "Case Blue" had been planned for late May 1942. A number of German and Romanian units that were to take part in "Blau", however, were besieging Sevastopol on the Crimean Peninsula. Delays in ending the siege pushed back the start date for "Blau" several times, and the city did not fall until the end of June. Operation Fridericus I by the Germans against the "Isium bulge", pinched off the Soviet salient in the Second Battle of Kharkov, and resulted in the envelopment of a large Soviet force between 17 May and

title: Battle of the Rishki Pass

text: Rishki Pass (identification tentative, originally ‘to the klisura of "Veregava"’) they were ambushed and completely defeated. The Byzantine historian Theophanes the Confessor wrote that the Bulgarians killed the "strategos" of Thrace Leo, the commander of Drama and many soldiers. Khan Vinekh did not take the favourable opportunity to advance on enemy territory and sued for peace. This act was very unpopular among the nobles and the Khan was murdered in 761. Battle of the Rishki Pass The Battle of the Rishki Pass () took place in the pass of the same name, in Stara Planina, Bulgaria in 759. It was

title: Battle of the Caecus River

text: they did not possess access to the sea. Battle of the Caecus River The Battle of the Caecus River was a battle that occurred in 241 BC between the armies of the Kingdom of Pergamon, commanded by Attalus I and the Galatian tribes who resided in Anatolia. The battle took place near the river source of the Caecus River and resulted in a victory for the Kingdom of Pergamon. During the 3rd century BC, there was a large migration of Gauls towards the Orient. After passing through Greece, they arrived at Asia Minor where they survived by raiding the towns

title: Where Did the Night Fall

text: with remixes by King Unique, Steve Mac and Future Beat Alliance. On a song, "Natural Selection", appeared as a streaming on "Spin" magazine's website, and was later made available to download as a 320 kbit/s MP3 file, via UNKLE's official website. Beginning on 31 March, a Warm Digits remix of "Natural Selection" was made available for download to customers who had pre-ordered "Where Did the Night Fall" on UNKLE's online store. Available on the UNKLE website was a 2 disc limited edition of the album, which included a second disc containing instrumental versions of all the songs. On 9 February,

title: The Great Naktong Offensive

text: Infantry Regiment ordered its only reserve, E Company, to move west along the Yongsan-Naktong River road and take a blocking position at the pass between Cloverleaf Hill and Obong-ni Ridge, from the river and from Yongsan. This was the critical terrain where so much heavy fighting had taken place in the first battle of the Naktong Bulge. Fighting began at the pass at 02:30. A strong North Korean force surprised and delivered heavy automatic fire at 03:30 from positions astride the road east of the pass. With the critical parts of Cloverleaf Hill and Obong-ni Ridge, the best defensive terrain

title: Battle of the Bulge

text: In the northern sector opposite the 99th, this included more than 4,000 deaths and the destruction of 60 tanks and big guns. Historian John S.D. Eisenhower wrote, "... the action of the 2nd and 99th Divisions on the northern shoulder could be considered the most decisive of the Ardennes campaign." The stiff American defense prevented the Germans from reaching the vast array of supplies near the Belgian cities of Liège and Spa and the road network west of the Elsenborn Ridge leading to the Meuse River. After more than 10 days of intense battle, they pushed the Americans out of

title: Battle of Heartbreak Crossroads

text: on 15 December, the U.S. troops captured the crossroads. On 16 December, the German Unternehmen Wacht am Rhein offensive threatened to isolate the Americans' rear areas, and they were forced to withdraw to the twin villages. The villages lay astride a key road that the Germans wanted to capture in their attack west towards Antwerp. This turned into the Battle of Elsenborn Ridge, which was the only portion of the Battle of the Bulge where the Allies did not yield to the Germans. The sector along the northeast side of the road assigned to the 9th Infantry Regiment was technically

title: Battle of the Bulge

text: of capturing the Ruhr area, the biggest industrial area of Germany. With the Allies stalled, German Generalfeldmarschall (Field Marshal) Gerd von Rundstedt was able to reorganize the disrupted German armies into a coherent defensive force. Field Marshal Montgomery's Operation Market Garden achieved only some of its objectives, while its territorial gains left the Allied supply situation stretched further than before. In October, the First Canadian Army fought the Battle of the Scheldt, opening the port of Antwerp to shipping. As a result, by the end of October the supply situation had eased somewhat. Despite a lull along the front after

title: Battle of the Bulge

text: Donald Prell of the Anti-Tank Company of the 422nd Infantry, 106th Division. The official U.S. Army history states: "At least seven thousand [men] were lost here and the figure probably is closer to eight or nine thousand. The amount lost in arms and equipment, of course, was very substantial. The Schnee Eifel battle, therefore, represents the most serious reverse suffered by American arms during the operations of 1944–45 in the European theater." In the center, the town of St. Vith, a vital road junction, presented the main challenge for both von Manteuffel's and Dietrich's forces. The defenders, led by the

title: Battle of the Bulge

text: American battle of the war and will, I believe, be regarded as an ever-famous American victory." The plan and timing for the Ardennes attack sprang from the mind of Adolf Hitler. He believed a critical fault line existed between the British and American military commands, and that a heavy blow on the Western Front would shatter this alliance. Planning for the "Watch on the Rhine" offensive emphasized secrecy and the commitment of overwhelming force. Due to the use of landline communications within Germany, motorized runners carrying orders, and draconian threats from Hitler, the timing and mass of the attack was

title: Battle of the Bulge

text: Patrick K. O'Donnell writes that on 8 December 1944 U.S. Rangers at great cost took Hill 400 during the Battle of the Hürtgen Forest. The next day GIs who relieved the Rangers reported a considerable movement of German troops inside the Ardennes in the enemy's rear, but that no one in the chain of command connected the dots. Because the Ardennes was considered a quiet sector, considerations of economy of force led it to be used as a training ground for new units and a rest area for units that had seen hard fighting. The U.S. units deployed in the

title: Battle of the Bulge

text: hard blow." He stated that he (i.e., the German) was "headed off ... seen off ... and ... written off... The battle has been the most interesting, I think possibly one of the most interesting and tricky battles I have ever handled." Despite his positive remarks about American soldiers, the overall impression given by Montgomery, at least in the ears of the American military leadership, was that he had taken the lion's share of credit for the success of the campaign, and had been responsible for rescuing the besieged Americans. His comments were interpreted as self-promoting, particularly his claiming that

title: Battle of the Bulge

text: was near the hamlet of Baugnez, on the height halfway between the town of Malmedy and Ligneuville, when they encountered elements of the 285th Field Artillery Observation Battalion, U.S. 7th Armored Division. After a brief battle the lightly armed Americans surrendered. They were disarmed and, with some other Americans captured earlier (approximately 150 men), sent to stand in a field near the crossroads under light guard. About fifteen minutes after Peiper's advance guard passed through, the main body under the command of SS-"Sturmbannführer" Werner Pötschke arrived. Allegedly, the SS troopers suddenly opened fire on the prisoners. As soon as the