query: Who was the first woman killed in the Vietnam War?

title: Vietnam War

text: killed by shelling and mortar on ARVN forces during the retreat to Tuy Hoa). North Vietnam was also known for its abusive treatment of American POWs, most notably in Hỏa Lò Prison (aka the "Hanoi Hilton"), where torture was employed to extract confessions. During the Vietnam War, American women served on active duty performing a variety of jobs. Early in 1963, the Army Nurse Corps (ANC) launched Operation Nightingale, an intensive effort to recruit nurses to serve in Vietnam. First Lieutenant Sharon Lane was the only female military nurse to be killed by enemy gunfire during the war, on 8

title: Women in the Vietnam War

text: college and had volunteered their service, while other, more experienced nurses were sent to Vietnam to assist in training many South Vietnamese women. The first group of the Army Nurse Corps arrived in Vietnam in 1956, and by 1973 nearly 5000 American women would be serving in Vietnam. Only five of them died during the conflict, two of which were posthumously awarded bravery medallions – Lieutenant Colonel Annie Ruth Graham had previously served in World War II and the Korea War while First Lieutenant Sharon Lane had previously served in Korea. Graham died in 1968 after suffering a stroke, and

title: 1962 in the Vietnam War

text: might possible contain a few VC [Viet Cong]." The reports were given to Marine Corps general Victor Krulak, who was preparing to visit South Vietnam as part of a high-level U.S. military mission to assess progress in the war. North Vietnam infiltrated 12,850 persons into South Vietnam, mostly southern communists who had migrated to North Vietnam in 1954–1955. 53 American soldiers were killed in Vietnam during the year, compared to 16 in 1961. The South Vietnamese armed forces suffered 4,457 killed in action, 10 percent more than the total killed in the previous year. 1962 in the Vietnam War The

title: 1973 in the Vietnam War

text: mission southwest of Saigon. A South Vietnamese pilot was also killed in the attack and another four Americans were wounded. As a result of this attack all US MIA field recovery efforts were indefinitely suspended. Only 50 U.S. military personnel remained in Vietnam. South Vietnamese armed forces totaled 1.1 million. 233,748 South Vietnamese have been killed in combat as of this date. 1973 in the Vietnam War 1973 in the Vietnam War began with a peace agreement, the Paris Peace Accords, signed by the United States and South Vietnam on one side of the Vietnam War and communist North Vietnam

title: 1968 in the Vietnam War

text: of the Vietnam War for America and its allies with 27,915 South Vietnamese (ARVN) soldiers killed and the Americans suffering 16,592 killed compared to around two hundred thousand of the communist forces killed. The deadliest week of the Vietnam War for the USA was during the Tet Offensive specifically February 11–17, 1968, during which period 543 Americans were killed in action, and 2547 were wounded. The People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) violated a New Year's truce. At the New Year's Day Battle of 1968 among the Americans were future writer Larry Heinemann and future film director Oliver Stone. In Newsweek

title: Women in the Vietnam War

text: impacted were the civilian casualties. One infamous and horrific attack on civilian women occurred in March of 1968 – the My Lai massacre. Over 500 unarmed men, women and children were mercilessly slain in the hamlet of Sorn Tinh (South Vietnam) by American Soldiers. Women and young girls were first raped and tortured by groups of American soldiers before being killed. The cause of the Vietnam War started out as essentially a civil war, the North against the South. Northern Vietnam was run by a Communist government, lead by Ho Chi Minh. In order to gain popularity and enhance social

title: The Woman Who Was Forgotten

text: The Woman Who Was Forgotten “The Woman Who Was Forgotten” is a short story by Bess Streeter Aldrich first published in 1926. It is about a retired high school teacher who realizes that she will not be able to support herself at the same time that she discovers that the high school where she spent her career is slated to be torn down. On a last visit to the old high school, she is surprised by her former students who, unbeknownst to her, have raised money on her behalf. The movie, "The Woman Who Was Forgotten", based on the short

title: The Woman Who Was Forgotten

text: a high school. The Woman Who Was Forgotten “The Woman Who Was Forgotten” is a short story by Bess Streeter Aldrich first published in 1926. It is about a retired high school teacher who realizes that she will not be able to support herself at the same time that she discovers that the high school where she spent her career is slated to be torn down. On a last visit to the old high school, she is surprised by her former students who, unbeknownst to her, have raised money on her behalf. The movie, "The Woman Who Was Forgotten", based

title: 1963 in the Vietnam War

text: 25 percent more than the total killed in the previous year. North Vietnam had infiltrated about 40,000 cadres and fighters into South Vietnam over a period of several years. They made up about 50 percent of the Viet Cong army and 80 percent of political operatives and technical personnel. They consisted mostly of southerners who had migrated north in 1954–1955 to reside in a communist state rather than remain in South Vietnam. Units of the North Vietnamese army had not yet been dispatched to South Vietnam. 1963 in the Vietnam War The defeat of the South Vietnamese Army (ARVN) in

title: 1956 in the Vietnam War

text: military advisers in South Vietnam. The first American killed in the Vietnam War died June 8 at the hand of another American soldier. In 1956 the term Viet Cong came into use and gradually replaced the older term Viet Minh. The government-controlled Saigon press first started using the term referring to communists in South Vietnam as "Viet Cong" a shortening of "Viet Nam Cong-San" which means "Vietnamese Communist." President Diem issued Ordinance Number 6 which permitted the imprisonment of communists and others "dangerous to national defense and common security." Diem's anti-communist repression reduced communist party membership in South Vietnam by

title: 1965 in the Vietnam War

text: soldiers would fight the war with Chinese logistical help, but the Chinese would not intervene militarily unless the United States invaded North Vietnam. Chinese assistance to North Vietnam took three forms: engineers and laborers to build and maintain defense works, airfields and roads, anti-aircraft personnel to defend North Vietnam from air attacks, and military equipment. The total number of Chinese stationed in North Vietnam and dedicated to these tasks was about 160,000 with the first tranche arriving in May 1965. Twenty-seven American soldiers and four Vietnamese were killed in an accidental explosion at Bien Hoa Airbase. More than 40 airplanes

title: 1964 in the Vietnam War

text: in Vietnam and not simply remain advisers." General Maxwell Taylor was appointed as the U.S. Ambassador to South Vietnam, replacing Henry Cabot Lodge. The Battle of Nam Dong was fought when the Viet Cong attacked the Nam Dong Civilian Irregular Defense Group (CIDG) camp in an attempt to overrun it. Warrant Officer Class Two Kevin Conway was killed in action, the first Australian battle casualty of the war. U Thant, Secretary General of the United Nations said at a press conference that "the only sensible solution" to the conflict in South Vietnam was to reconvene the Geneva Conference of 1954

title: 1956 in the Vietnam War

text: by General John W. O'Daniel. Kennedy lauded the accomplishments of President Diem and described South Vietnam as "the cornerstone of the Free World in Southeast Asia...This is our offspring -- we cannot abandon it, we cannot ignore its needs." Kennedy opposed the elections called for in the Geneva Accords (1954) saying that elections would be subverted by North Vietnam. Richard B. Fitzgibbon, Jr. became the first American to be killed in the Vietnam War. Fitzgibbon was serving as part of the Military Assistance Advisory Group (MAAG) (DET 1, 1173RD FOR MSN SQD), which was involved in training military personnel in

title: The Woman Who Was Poor

text: have led Jacques Maritain back to Mother Church will baffle most admirers of that subtle, first-class mind. "Kirkus Reviews" wrote that the novel does not "move with swift and arresting action", but has "passages of great beauty and the character delineation [is] interesting". The critic wrote that the book "is saturated with Catholic thought and allusions, but is by nomeans just a pietistic tract in novel form, for Leon Bloy was an accomplished novelist." The Woman Who Was Poor The Woman Who Was Poor () is an 1897 novel by the French writer Léon Bloy. It follows a woman, Clotilde,

title: 1964 in the Vietnam War

text: for a continuation of present policy but with gradually increased military pressure against the North with no firm position for or against negotiations. Option C was favored by the policymakers. Three regiments (the first full units) of the North Vietnamese Army to be sent to South Vietnam, to assist the Viet Cong, departed from North Vietnam to march south along the Ho Chi Minh Trail. (Other NVA troops may have left North Vietnam in October.) U.S. Army Capt. Norman W. Heck, in his last letter home before being killed, said that winning the war would be difficult, but that "A

title: 1963 in the Vietnam War

text: South Vietnam], unless reversed in the next 2–3 months, will lead to neutralization at best and more likely to a Communist-controlled state." He said that the U.S. must "give the Viet Cong and their supporters early and unmistakable signals that their success is a transitory thing." One hundred and twenty-two American soldiers were killed in the Vietnam War in 1963. 15,894 U.S. military personnel were in South Vietnam on this date, down from a high of 16,752 in October before the 1,000 person reduction in U.S. military presence was announced. The South Vietnamese armed forces suffered 5,665 killed in action,

title: Women in the Vietnam War

text: other humanitarian organisations. In addition to Australia, Canada sent a significant amount of re-enforcements to Vietnam on behalf the Americans. By the end of the war, some 30,000 Canadian citizens had volunteered their service, and nearly 140 of them had been killed in action. It is unknown how many of these 30,000 were women, but not all 30,000 had directly served in combat. Canada’s main role during the conflict was for the purposes of peacekeeping and monitoring the cease-fire agreements made during the Paris Peace Conference. Women in the Vietnam War During the Vietnam War, nearly 11,000 Vietnamese women and

title: Women in the Vietnam War

text: Women in the Vietnam War During the Vietnam War, nearly 11,000 Vietnamese women and over 5,000 American women served in Vietnam itself. While the vast majorities of casualties, soldiers and “heroes” in war are statistically men, it is imperative that we acknowledge the experiences and efforts of the women involved in combat. Because men are statistically more likely to be killed during conflicts, official histories and stories of war have a strong tendency to portray women’s roles as less significant and are usually depicted as “necessary but not essential”. Female civilians are the most discriminated against; they are a population

title: 1958 in the Vietnam War

text: villages had historically been part of Vietnam. The Diem government of South Vietnam, by the end of 1958, had killed 12,000 persons and arrested 40,000 in its campaign to repress the communists and other opposition in South Vietnam. 1958 in the Vietnam War In 1958, the upswing in violence against the government of South Vietnam continued, much of which was committed by the communist-dominated insurgents now called the Viet Cong. In South Vietnam, President Ngo Dinh Diem appeared to be firmly in power, although many American officials expressed concern about the repressive nature of his regime. The United States continued

title: 1964 in the Vietnam War

text: more than the total killed in the previous year. Over the course of the year, in South Vietnam the Viet Cong and North Vietnamese main-force soldiers increased from an estimated 23,000 to 33,000, while the total number of both regular and guerrilla armed communist personnel was about 100,000. They were better armed, especially with Chinese-made AK-47s, and more aggressive. Casualties inflicted on South Vietnam's armed forces increased from 1,900 in January to 3,000 in December. An estimated 12,400 soldiers from North Vietnam were infiltrated into South Vietnam during the year. 1964 in the Vietnam War South Vietnam was in political

title: 1964 in the Vietnam War

text: in Asia" and expand the war to North Vietnam and Laos. The first Gulf of Tonkin incident occurred in territorial waters off the coast of North Vietnam. The destroyer USS Maddox, performing a DESOTO patrol, was engaged by three North Vietnamese Navy torpedo boats of the 135th Torpedo Squadron. In the ensuing sea battle, the "Maddox" expended over 280 3" and 5" shells, and four United States Navy F8 Crusader jet fighter bombers strafed the Vietnamese. There was damage to one US aircraft, one 14.5mm hit on the destroyer, 3 damaged torpedo boats, 4 North Vietnamese sailors killed and 6

title: Puerto Ricans in the Vietnam War

text: Puerto Ricans in the Vietnam War Commencing with World War I, Puerto Ricans and people of Puerto Rican descent have participated as members of the United States Armed Forces in every conflict in which the United States has been involved. Accordingly, thousands of Puerto Ricans served in the Armed Forces of the United States during the Vietnam War, also known as the Second Indochina War. Hundreds of them died, either killed in action (KIA) or while prisoners of war (POW). The Vietnam War started as a Cold War, and escalated into a military conflict that spread to Vietnam, Laos, and

title: 1961 in the Vietnam War

text: ambushed by the Viet Cong while on patrol. U.S. military personnel in South Vietnam numbered 3,205 compared to 900 at the end of 1960. Sixteen American soldiers were killed in Vietnam in 1961 compared to nine in the previous five years. South Vietnamese military forces numbered almost 180,000 and police, militia, and paramilitary numbered 159,000. The South Vietnamese armed forces suffered 4,004 killed in action, nearly double the total killed in the previous year. During 1961, North Vietnam infiltrated 6,300 persons, mostly southern communists who had migrated to North Vietnam in 1954-1955, and 317 tons of arms and equipment into

title: Thailand in the Vietnam War

text: of the war, almost 50,000 American military personnel were stationed in Thailand, mainly airmen. In October 1967 the Royal Thai Volunteer Regiment (Queen's Cobras) was sent to Camp Bearcat at Bien Hoa, to fight alongside the Americans, Australians, New Zealanders and South Vietnamese. In 1968 the Cobras were replaced by the Royal Thai Army Expeditionary Division ("Black Panthers"). About 40,000 Thai military would serve in South Vietnam, with 351 killed in action and 1,358 wounded. The last Thai ground forces were withdrawn from South Vietnam on 5 February, 1972. Thailand in the Vietnam War The Kingdom of Thailand, under the

title: 1964 in the Vietnam War

text: will be won from the air, and it seems to me that what is much more needed and would be more effective is a larger and stronger use of Rangers and Special Forces and Marines, or other appropriate military strength on the ground." Johnson said, "I myself am ready to substantially increase the number of Americans fighting in Vietnam." Two hundred and sixteen American soldiers were killed in the Vietnam War in 1964. 23,310 U.S. military personnel were in South Vietnam at the end of the year. The South Vietnamese armed forces suffered 7,457 killed in action, about 30 percent

title: 1965 in the Vietnam War

text: crew were later killed or captured after a firefight with South Vietnamese naval commandos. The incident spurred further U.S. Navy involvement in the Vietnam War. The Armed Forces Council of South Vietnam appointed medical doctor Phan Huy Quát as Prime Minister. On the United States Senate floor, Senator Frank Church said "The Saigon government is losing its war, not for lack of equipment, but for lack of internal cohesion" and the best solution would be the negotiation of a neutral South Vietnam. Church's speech was supported by several other prominent Democratic Party Senators, including George McGovern. Church's call for a

title: New Zealand in the Vietnam War

text: Army and one serving with the Australian Army were also killed in action. The last NZ Troops left Vietnam on 22 December 1972. Although New Zealand's involvement in the war was very limited compared to the contributions of some of its allies, it still triggered a large anti-Vietnam War movement at home. New Zealand protests were similar to those in the United States – criticising the policies of the United States government and challenging seriously for the first time New Zealand's alliance-based security, calling for a more 'independent' foreign policy which was not submissive to that of the United States

title: 1960 in the Vietnam War

text: and peace. We want to preserve peace in order for our people to use their strength to build socialism." However, at the same meeting of the National Assembly southern leaders called for assistance and support from the north to support the Viet Cong who faced "an extremely unsafe situation." North Vietnam protested to Great Britain and the Soviet Union, co-chairmen of the 1954 Geneva Convention, about the large increase in the U.S. military presence in South Vietnam and accused the U.S. of preparing for "a new war." The South Vietnamese army reported that it had killed 931 Viet Cong and

title: 1957 in the Vietnam War

text: of liaison committees, simple guards, even former notables...In certain areas the village chiefs spend their nights in the security posts, while the inhabitants organize watches." In 1957, the anti-communist campaigns of the Diệm government decimated the communists in South Vietnam. 2,000 suspected communist party members and sympathizers were killed and 65,000 were arrested. Communist party membership in South Vietnam was 5,000 in mid-1957 and had been reduced to one-third that by the end of the year. According to a North Vietnamese historian, 1957 was "the darkest period" for the communist movement in South Vietnam. 1957 in the Vietnam War In

title: The Woman Who Was Poor

text: The Woman Who Was Poor The Woman Who Was Poor () is an 1897 novel by the French writer Léon Bloy. It follows a woman, Clotilde, who becomes involved with the Paris art and literary scene in the 1880s. It was Bloy's second novel. An English translation by I. J. Collins was published in 1939. Ernest Boyd of the "Saturday Review" wrote in 1939 about the English-language edition: The translator duly apologizes for his squeamishness, although none of our current exponents of the "Anglo-Saxon" monosyllables would have been deterred by Bloy, even if disgusted by his deliberate and unnecessary blasphemies.

title: 1968 in the Vietnam War

text: magazine Robert Komer touted the early success of the Civil Operations and Revolutionary Development Support (CORDS) pacification program he led. He said that "only one South Vietnamese in six now lives under VC [Viet Cong] control." In the first two weeks of 1968, communist forces shelled 49 district and provincial capitals in South Vietnam and temporarily occupied two of them. The Commander of the Military Assistance Command Vietnam (MACV) General William Westmoreland described to "Time" the fighting "as the most intense of the entire war." MACV claimed that 5,000 communist forces had been killed. The long and bloody Battle of

title: 1959 in the Vietnam War

text: of 150,000 soldiers to repel an invasion from North Vietnam. MAAG had not yet provided any training to the para-military Self-Defense Corps (numbering 43,000) or the Civil Guard (numbering 53,000) which were responsible for most aspects of security in rural areas. In the last four months of 1959, the Viet Cong assassinated 110 local government leaders, mostly in rural areas. Between 1956 and the end of 1959, four American soldiers were killed in Vietnam. U.S. military personnel in South Vietnam numbered 760. South Vietnamese armed forces numbered 243,000, including the Civil Guard and Self-Defense Corps. 1959 in the Vietnam War

title: Women in the Vietnam War

text: for their bravery. During the Vietnam conflict, eight WAF (Women’s Airforce) Nurses died during conflict. During the Vietnam War, there were only nine women who served in a role other than a nurse, including Lieutenant Elizabeth Wylie, who worked as a Commander of Naval Forces in the Vietnam Command Information Centre alongside Commander Elizabeth Barret who become the first female naval line officer to hold command in an official combat zone. Other than American and Vietnamese women, a small number of Australian nurses were stationed in Vietnam, while non-medically trained women were sent to volunteer with the Red Cross and

title: Canada and the Vietnam War

text: soldiers. Other Canadians who gave their lives and were recognized in the story include: In Windsor, Ontario, there is a privately funded monument to the Canadians killed in the Vietnam War. In Melocheville, Quebec, there is a monument dating from October 1989 funded by the Association Québécoise des Vétérans du Vietnam. American draft dodgers and military deserters who sought refuge in Canada during the Vietnam War would ignite controversy among those seeking to immigrate to Canada, some of it provoked by the Canadian government's initial refusal to admit those who could not prove that they had been discharged from [American]

title: U.S. prisoners of war during the Vietnam War

text: Accounting History". Defense Prisoner of War/Missing Personnel Office.</ref> These missing personnel would become the subject of the Vietnam War POW/MIA issue. On March 26, 1964, the first U.S. service member imprisoned during the Vietnam War was captured near Quang Tri, South Vietnam when an L-19/O-1 Bird Dog observation plane flown by Captain Richard L. Whitesides and Captain Floyd James Thompson was brought down by small arms fire. Whitesides was killed, and Thompson was taken prisoner; he would ultimately spend just short of nine years in captivity, making him the longest held POW in American history. The first aviator captured in

title: 1964 in the Vietnam War

text: being supplied by men with packs on their back traversing jungle trails, while the U.S. was sending shiploads of equipment and hundreds of millions of dollars to South Vietnam every year. Church also opposed widening the war by bombing North Vietnam. "Expanding the war is not getting out... It is getting further in." This was Church's first public declaration of concern about the trajectory of the Vietnam War. Prime Minister Khánh advocated an attack on North Vietnam by the U.S. and South Vietnam. The British Embassy in Saigon reported that if Khánh's demands for an attack were not met, he

title: The Woman Who Was Forgotten

text: called "The Woman Who Was Forgotten", was released in 1930 and featured the theme song “Give to the World the Best You Have.” The movie was later edited for television and broadcast as "Give to the World". Like much of Aldrich’s work, “The Woman Who Was Forgotten” “affirms life, and her characters find, usually, some reason for happiness, be it through love or belief in honor and duty." Aldrich developed a similar theme in her novel, "Miss Bishop", where students also gather to celebrate a former teacher, only in that text the action takes place at a college rather than

title: 1940–46 in the Vietnam War

text: civilians. About 20,000 French citizens lived in Saigon. Over the next several days, 150–300 French and Eurasian civilians and about 200 Vietnamese were killed. Lt. Colonel A. Peter Dewey, son of U.S. presidential nominee Thomas E. Dewey, was killed, apparently by mistake, by Việt Minh soldiers in Saigon – the first American to die in Vietnam. Dewey was in Saigon to arrange for the repatriation of American prisoners of war captured by the Japanese. Dewey had complained about abuses of power by British and French soldiers in Saigon and had been prohibited by British commander Douglas Gracey from flying a

title: 1965 in the Vietnam War

text: ARVN to lift the siege had failed. General Westmoreland sent the 173rd Airborne brigade to Pleiku and the brigade opened the highway from Pleiku to Duc Co. The Viet Cong (possibly reinforced by a North Vietnamese unit) withdrew. Operation Starlite was the first offensive military action conducted by the U.S. Marines during the Vietnam War and the first purely American operation. Lieutenant General Lewis W. Walt with 5,500 Marines launched a preemptive strike against 1,500 Viet Cong to nullify a threat on the Chu Lai base, south of Da Nang. The Marines claimed to have killed more than 600 Viet

title: 1969 in the Vietnam War

text: and over 30,000 Americans are wounded or killed by North Vietnamese troops. The Battle of Hamburger Hill was a battle of the Vietnam War which was fought between the United States and South Vietnam against North Vietnamese forces from May 10–20, 1969. Although the heavily fortified Hill 937 was of little strategic value, U.S. command ordered its capture by direct assault. In the aftermath of the battle there were close to 600 recorded North Vietnamese deaths and over 70 American deaths as well as over 400 Americans being wounded. Operation Apache Snow was a military operation in the A Shau

title: 1967 in the Vietnam War

text: May 25, 1967, the operation ended June 5. Running from July 2 to July 14, 1967 Operation Buffalo was a major operation that took place in the southern half of the DMZ, northeast of Con Thien. On 2 July the PAVN 90th Regiment ambushed the 1st Battalion 9th Marines, the Marines suffered 84 killed, 190 wounded and 9 missing making this the worst one-day loss for the Marines in Vietnam. Operation Hong Kil Dong was the largest South Korean operation of the Vietnam War to halt infiltration into friendly areas. Operation Swift was a search and destroy mission in the

title: 1972 in the Vietnam War

text: this weekend." Anti-war demonstrators protested the bombing of North Vietnam throughout the United States. Hundreds of protesters were arrested. Several North Vietnamese MiG-17F fighter-bombers attacked United States Navy warships in the Battle of Đồng Hới. This was the first air attack on U.S. warships of the Vietnam War. One US destroyer was damaged. The U.S. navy sunk several motor torpedo boats and shot down several North Vietnamese war planes and also engaged shore batteries in North Vietnam. President Nixon announced that American troops would be reduced in numbers in South Vietnam from 69,000 on this date to 49,000 by 1

title: 1972 in the Vietnam War

text: December if Hanoi agreed to a 3 January meeting in Paris. Opposition to the Christmas bombing was extensive among American politicians. In the Senate 45 Senators responding to a poll opposed the bombing as compared to 19 who supported it. After a Christmas truce, the U.S. conducted the largest B-52 raid of the war utilizing 120 B-52s. The U.S. lost 2 airplanes. 215 civilians were killed by bombs dropped on a heavily populated area of Hanoi. North Vietnam proposed a resumption of peace talks on January 8. The last bombs of Operation Linebacker II fell near Hanoi, although the U.S.

title: 1960 in the Vietnam War

text: to reunite Vietnam by force. Under pressure from MAAG chief McGarr and the Department of Defense, Ambassador Durbrow withdrew his opposition to the expansion of the ARVN from 150,000 to 170,000 soldiers. The increase would be financed by the United States. Approximately 900 U.S. military personnel were in Vietnam on this date. Five American soldiers were killed in Vietnam during 1960. South Vietnamese armed forces numbered 146,000 regulars and 97,000 militia. They suffered 2,223 killed in action. The number of Viet Cong combatants, counting both full-time and part-time guerrillas, was estimated at 15,000. North Vietnam infiltrated 500 soldiers and party

title: New Zealand in the Vietnam War

text: New Zealand in the Vietnam War New Zealand's involvement in the Vietnam War was highly controversial, sparking widespread protest at home from anti-Vietnam War movements modelled on their American counterparts. This conflict was also the first in which New Zealand did not fight alongside the United Kingdom, instead following the loyalties of the ANZUS Pact. New Zealand decided to send troops to Vietnam in 1964 because of Cold War concerns and alliance considerations. The potential adverse effect on the ANZUS alliance of not supporting the United States (and Australia) in Vietnam was key. It also upheld New Zealand's national interests

title: 1973 in the Vietnam War

text: 1973 in the Vietnam War 1973 in the Vietnam War began with a peace agreement, the Paris Peace Accords, signed by the United States and South Vietnam on one side of the Vietnam War and communist North Vietnam and the insurgent Viet Cong on the other. Although honored in some respects, the peace agreement was violated by both North and South Vietnam as the struggle for power and control of territory in South Vietnam continued. North Vietnam released all American prisoners of war and the United States completed its military withdrawal from South Vietnam. U.S. Congressional opposition to the Vietnam

title: 1968 in the Vietnam War

text: as saying, "It became necessary to destroy the town to save it." During the week of February 11–17, 1968 the record for the highest US casualty toll during one week was set. The record coming off after the Tet Offensive was 543 Americans killed in action, and 2547 wounded. Walter Cronkite, reporting after his recent trip to Vietnam for his television special "Who, What, When, Where, Why?" gives a highly critical editorial and urges America to leave Vietnam "...not as victors, but as an honorable people who lived up to their pledge to defend democracy, and did the best they

text: name and capture date of imprisoned U.S. service members. American POWs in North Vietnam were released in early 1973 as part of Operation Homecoming, the result of diplomatic negotiations concluding U.S. military involvement in Vietnam. On February 12, 1973, the first of 591 U.S. prisoners began to be repatriated, and return flights continued until late March. After Operation Homecoming, the U.S. still listed roughly 1,350 Americans as prisoners of war or missing in action and sought the return of roughly 1,200 Americans reported killed in action but whose bodies were not recovered.<ref name="Defense Prisoner of War/Missing Personnel Office"> "Vietnam War

title: 1965 in the Vietnam War

text: Vietnam. President Johnson met with his top military advisers. In the course of the discussion, General Wallace M. Greene, Jr. estimated that winning the Vietnam War would take 5 years and 500,000 American soldiers. He said that he believed the American people would back such a commitment. Johnson was skeptical that Americans would support such a large commitment and opted instead for a gradual buildup of American forces and escalation of the war as recommended by General Westmoreland, the commander of U.S. forces in Vietnam. The first surface-to-air missile (SAM) fired by North Vietnam brought down a U.S. F-4C Phantom

title: 1947–50 in the Vietnam War

text: 1947–50 in the Vietnam War In 1946 a civil war had broken out between the French forces in Vietnam and the Việt Minh insurgents, led by Ho Chi Minh who had declared independence and the creation of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam. The objective of the Việt Minh and other Vietnamese nationalists was full independence from France and unification of the three French protectorates. The Việt Minh was dominated by communists. Initially the United States had little interest in Vietnam and was equivocal about supporting France, but in 1950, due to an intensification of the Cold War and a fear

title: 1967 in the Vietnam War

text: The first battle of Loc Ninh was fought by the Vietcong and the CIDG, and ended when ARVN and US forces relieved the camp. Viet Cong losses were 850-1000 killed The Battle of Đắk Tô was a series of major engagements that took place in Kon Tum Province, in the Central Highlands of South Vietnam. U.S. losses were 361 killed and 15 missing, ARVN losses were 73 killed and 18 missing and PAVN losses were estimated at 1000-1664. Operation Wheeler/Wallowa commenced in Hiep Duc-Que Son Valley and continued until February 1968. U.S. losses were 110 killed and 2 missing and

title: 1970 in the Vietnam War

text: the Vietnam War by United States Special Operations Forces and other elements of the U.S. Military. 1970 in the Vietnam War Operation Texas Star was a military operation of the Vietnam War in the A Shau Valley and the mountains east of the valley. It aimed at regaining the initiative in the area. The operation culminated in the Battle of Fire Support Base Ripcord. The Cambodian Campaign (also known as the Cambodian Incursion) was a series of military operations conducted in eastern Cambodia by the United States (U.S.) and the Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam) during the Vietnam War. A

title: 1971 in the Vietnam War

text: would allow North Vietnamese soldiers to remain in South Vietnam at least temporarily. The Mansfield Amendment, authored by Senator Mike Mansfield, was adopted by Congress. The amendment urged withdrawing American troops from South Vietnam at "the earliest practical date"—the first time in U.S. history that Congress had called for the end of a war. North Vietnam negotiators Le Duc Tho and Xuan Thuy responded to Kissinger's 31 May proposal with a nine-point "bargaining proposal." This was the first time that the North Vietnamese had indicated a willingness to negotiate rather than presenting unilateral demands. The Politburo of North Vietnam instructed

title: 1965 in the Vietnam War

text: at Qui Nhơn. The division was the first full U.S. Army division to be deployed to South Vietnam. 1st Cavalry relied on helicopters to transport its combat units to and from operational areas. Columnist Joseph Alsop said in the Washington Post said that, with the U.S. military build-up in South Vietnam, "at last there is light at the end of the tunnel." In Operation Gibraltar, 224 soldiers of the First Brigade of the 101st Airborne landed by helicopter near An Khê, in the Central Highlands area where 2 Viet Cong battalions were located. The Viet Cong attacked and killed 13

title: Puerto Ricans in the Vietnam War

text: Command, and dual-hatted as Assistant to the Commander for International Affairs, Headquarters Air Force Materiel Command, also served in Vietnam. In November 1971, Ramos, who was then a lieutenant, was assigned to the 310th Tactical Airlift Squadron, Phan Rang Air Base and Tan Son Nhut Air Base, South Vietnam. In August 1972, was transferred to U-Tapao Royal Thai Naval Airfield in Thailand where he was the Base Operations Officer until November 1972. Brigadier General José M. Portela, as a first lieutenant, was sent to the Republic of Vietnam during the war and participated in numerous combat missions. On June 8,

title: China in the Vietnam War

text: the failure of the North Vietnamese and Chinese negotiations in 1968, the PRC began to withdraw support for the sake of preparing for a clash with the Soviets and then, Chinese influence over North Vietnam diminished from that point. In October 1949, the People’s Republic of China (PRC) was established in mainland China and in January 1950, the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRV) was officially recognized by the PRC. This historic event changed the situation in the First Indochina War with the Viet Minh and directly influenced the Vietnam War later on. The Chinese government, under the administration of Mao

title: 1965 in the Vietnam War

text: strikes, the U.S. 173rd Airborne began another sweep through Zone D with 2,500 men and ARVN and Australian participation. The allies claimed to have inflicted 100 Viet Cong casualties. Maxwell Taylor resigned as U.S. Ambassador to South Vietnam. Taylor had earlier been opposed to the introduction of U.S. ground troops into South Vietnam, proposing instead an intensified air campaign against North Vietnam. Taylor would be replaced by Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr., who returned to Saigon for his second stint as ambassador. The New York Times reported that the 173rd Airborne suffered 10 killed and 42 wounded on its sweep through

title: New Zealand in the Vietnam War

text: primarily in Saigon in a range of liaison duties. The last RNZAF flight out from Vietnam was the evacuation of the New Zealand Ambassador in April 1975, just before the Fall of Saigon. One RNZAF member of the NZSMT, Sgt Gordon Watt, was killed by a booby trap in 1970, the RNZAF's only casualty of the war. In November 1968, New Zealand's contribution to the 1st Australian Task Force was increased by the deployment of 4 Troop, New Zealand Special Air Service, comprising an officer and 25 other ranks. The arrival of this Troop raised New Zealand's deployment to Vietnam

title: 1973 in the Vietnam War

text: by North Vietnam. Three C-141A transports flew to Hanoi, North Vietnam, and one C-9A aircraft was sent to Saigon, South Vietnam to pick up released prisoners of war. The first flight of 40 U.S. prisoners of war left Hanoi in a C-141A, later known as the "Hanoi Taxi" and now in a museum. From February 12 to April 4, there were 54 C-141 missions flying out of Hanoi, bringing the former POWs home. In Laos the government and the communist Pathet Lao signed a cease fire agreement. The agreement was violated frequently, but by the end of April most fighting

title: 1970 in the Vietnam War

text: 1970 in the Vietnam War Operation Texas Star was a military operation of the Vietnam War in the A Shau Valley and the mountains east of the valley. It aimed at regaining the initiative in the area. The operation culminated in the Battle of Fire Support Base Ripcord. The Cambodian Campaign (also known as the Cambodian Incursion) was a series of military operations conducted in eastern Cambodia by the United States (U.S.) and the Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam) during the Vietnam War. A total of 13 major operations were conducted by the Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN)

title: China in the Vietnam War

text: Indochina War: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Indochina_War Third Indochina War: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_Indochina_War History of Vietnam: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Vietnam Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRV): https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Vietnam Tet Offensive: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tet_Offensive Sino-Soviet split：https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sino-Soviet_split People's Liberation Army: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army Role of the United States in the Vietnam War: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Role_of_the_United_States_in_the_Vietnam_War China in the Vietnam War The Vietnam War was a major event that shaped the course of the world in the second half of the 20th century. Although it was a regional conflict occurred in Indochinese Peninsula, it also affected the strategic interests of the People's Republic of China, the United States and the Soviet Union as well as the relations between these great

title: 1957 in the Vietnam War

text: 1957 in the Vietnam War In 1957 South Vietnam's President Ngô Đình Diệm visited the United States and was acclaimed a "miracle man' who had saved one-half of Vietnam from communism. However, in the latter part of the year, violent incidents committed by anti-Diệm insurgents increased and doubts about the viability of Diệm's government were expressed in the media and by U.S. government officials. The term "Viet Cong" for the communist cadres in South Vietnam began to replace the older term "Viet Minh" in common usage. The military budget for the government of South Vietnam in 1957 was projected to

title: China in the Vietnam War

text: the revolution deeper into Southeast Asia via the Indochinese internationalist model. Then relations changes in the late 1960s, as the Cultural Revolution and Maoist visions of permanent revolutionary struggle ran up against important and extremely complex geostrategic differences in Vietnam in the war against the US. Nonetheless, the Chinese continued to supply massive amounts of military and economic aid, as well as sending over 300,000 military support troops into northern Vietnam. Internationalism did suffer a serious blow, plus the Sino-Soviet split, which brought damage to the relations between China, the Soviet Union and of course, Vietnam. Vietnam War: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam_War First

title: 1954 in the Vietnam War

text: was a Catholic appointed to rule a country that was predominantly Buddhist. In the words of one historian, "Diệm's attractiveness to his first American patrons derived from three qualities: he was a certified anti-communist nationalist, he was a Roman Catholic, and he understood English." English language ability was rare among Vietnamese at the time. 21 July The Geneva Accords were signed in Paris. The accords called for a cease fire in the war, the independence of Vietnam, its division at the 17th parallel of latitude into two provisional states, North Vietnam and the State of Vietnam (South Vietnam), and the

title: March Against the Vietnam War

text: March Against the Vietnam War The March Against the Vietnam War was held in Washington, D.C. on 17 April 1965. The student activist group Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) held its first anti-Vietnam War protest rally in Washington, DC. It was co-sponsored by Women's Strike for Peace. 25,000 attended, including Joan Baez, Judy Collins, and Phil Ochs. The host was I. F. Stone. He began by proclaiming: "Welcome to Washington." One of the two Senators who voted against the Tonkin Gulf Resolution that gave credence to U.S. involvement in Vietnam spoke (it was either Greuning or Morse). After the

title: 1969 in the Vietnam War

text: 1969 in the Vietnam War Tet 1969 refers to the attacks mounted by principally North Vietnamese forces in February 1969 in South Vietnam during the Vietnam War, one year after the original Tet Offensive. Operation Menu was the codename of a covert United States Strategic Air Command (SAC) bombing campaign conducted in eastern Cambodia from 18 March 1969 until 26 May 1970, during the Vietnam War. The supposed targets of these attacks were sanctuaries and Base Areas of the People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) and forces of the National Front for the Liberation of South Vietnam (NLF or "Viet Cong"),

title: 1965 in the Vietnam War

text: D.C. about 20,000 people gathered to protest the Vietnam War. This was the first large protest against the war in the United States. China rescinded the order to its air force to not attack American war planes violating Chinese air space. Over the next three years, 12 American war planes and several reconnaissance planes were shot down over China. In a meeting in Hawaii, Ambassador Taylor finally agreed to the introduction of U.S. combat ground forces into South Vietnam. In a memo to the President the next day, Secretary of Defense McNamara described the military consensus that "it would take

title: 1961 in the Vietnam War

text: implementation of the expanded military aid to South Vietnam. He listed three tenets: (1) We have great authority from the President; (2) Money is no object; and (3) The one restriction is that combat troops will not be introduced. In closing the meeting McNamara said the job of the U.S. military "was to win in South Viet Nam and if we weren't winning to tell him what was needed to win." Cryptologist Corporal James T. Davis became the first American member of the United States Army Security Agency to be killed in Vietnam. He and 8 South Vietnamese soldiers were

title: Puerto Ricans in the Vietnam War

text: war, many went on to live normal everyday lives. Among the Puerto Ricans who served in Vietnam and held important presidential administrative positions in the Administration of President George W. Bush were Major General William A. Navas Jr., who was awarded the Bronze Star Medal and was named Assistant Secretary of the Navy on June 6, 2001 and Dr. Richard Carmona, a former Green Beret who was awarded two Purple Hearts and was appointed Surgeon General in March 2002. Puerto Ricans in the Vietnam War Commencing with World War I, Puerto Ricans and people of Puerto Rican descent have participated

title: 1973 in the Vietnam War

text: War and Restoring Peace in Vietnam,", intended to halt the fighting between North and South Vietnam and end U.S. military involvement in the war were signed in Paris. The governments of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam), the Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam), and the United States, as well as the Provisional Revolutionary Government (PRG) that represented indigenous South Vietnamese revolutionaries (the Viet Cong) signed the agreement. The U.S. agreed to withdraw its remaining military personnel from South Vietnam within 60 days. North Vietnam agreed to a cease fire and to return all American prisoners of war. North Vietnam

title: War in Vietnam (1945–46)

text: last two British/Indian battalions in Vietnam. Only a single company of the 2/8 Punjab remained to guard the Allied Control Mission in Saigon, and on May 15 it left, the mission having been disbanded a day earlier as the French became responsible for getting the remaining Japanese home. The last British troops to die in Vietnam were six soldiers killed in an ambush in June 1946. For Britain's involvement in the First Vietnam War, the officially stated casualty list was 40 British and Indian soldiers killed and French and Japanese casualties a little higher. An estimated 2,700 Viet Minh were

title: 1972 in the Vietnam War

text: 1972 in the Vietnam War 1972 in the Vietnam War saw foreign involvement in South Vietnam slowly declining. Two allies, New Zealand and Thailand, which had contributed a small military contingent, left South Vietnam this year. The United States continued to participate in combat, primarily with air power to assist the South Vietnamese army, while negotiators in Paris tried to hammer out a peace agreement and withdrawal strategy for the United States. One American operation that was declassified years after the war was Operation Thunderhead, a secret mission that attempted to rescue POWs. U.S. military personnel in South Vietnam numbered

title: Hero Found: The Greatest POW Escape of the Vietnam War

text: Hero Found: The Greatest POW Escape of the Vietnam War Hero Found: The Greatest POW Escape of the Vietnam War is a 2010 non-fiction book by author Bruce Henderson. "Hero Found" is a biography of Vietnam War hero Dieter Dengler, a German-born United States Navy naval aviator who endured six months of imprisonment and torture before being rescued. Dengler survived 23 days in the jungle after escaping from a Pathet Lao prison camp. Dieter Dengler's survival skills are established at an early age growing up in the chaos of World War II Germany. After his father is killed in the

title: 1965 in the Vietnam War

text: 1965 in the Vietnam War In 1965, the United States rapidly increased its military forces in South Vietnam, prompted by the realization that the South Vietnamese government was losing the Vietnam War as the communist-dominated Viet Cong gained influence over much of the population in rural areas of the country. North Vietnam also rapidly increased its infiltration of men and supplies to combat South Vietnam and the U.S.. The objective of the U.S. and South Vietnam was to prevent a communist take-over. North Vietnam and the insurgent Viet Cong sought to unite the two sections of the country. Political instability

title: 1974 in the Vietnam War

text: of South Vietnam which began on 13 December 1974. 1974 in the Vietnam War The Battle of the Paracel Islands was an engagement fought between the naval forces of the People's Republic of China and the Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam) in the Paracel Islands on January 19, 1974. The Battle of Svay Rieng was the last major operation of the Vietnam War to be mounted by the Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN) against the Communist People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) forces. The Battle of the Iron Triangle took place on May 16, 1974, when the 9th Division

title: 1975 in the Vietnam War

text: 1975 in the Vietnam War 1975 marked the end of the Vietnam War, sometimes called the Second Indochina War or the American War. The North Vietnamese army (PAVN) launched the Spring Offensive in March, the South Vietnamese army (ARVN) was quickly defeated. The communist North Vietnamese captured Saigon on April 30, accepting the surrender of South Vietnam. In the final days of the war, the United States, which had supported South Vietnam for many years, carried out an emergency evacuation of its civilian and military personnel and more than 130,000 Vietnamese. At the beginning of the Spring Offensive the balance

title: New Zealand in the Vietnam War

text: 08'. From 1962 until 1987, the 2,4,5T herbicide was manufactured at an Ivon Watkins-Dow plant in Paritutu, New Plymouth which was then shipped to U.S. military bases in South East Asia. There have been continuing claims that the suburb of Paritutu has also been polluted. New Zealand in the Vietnam War New Zealand's involvement in the Vietnam War was highly controversial, sparking widespread protest at home from anti-Vietnam War movements modelled on their American counterparts. This conflict was also the first in which New Zealand did not fight alongside the United Kingdom, instead following the loyalties of the ANZUS Pact.

title: 1972 in the Vietnam War

text: to the Operation Linebacker II bombings, 80 percent of North Vietnam's electrical power production capability had been eliminated. Nixon warned North Vietnam that the bombing would resume if the peace talks collapsed again. North Vietnam declared victory and claimed that heavy losses of American aircraft was the motive behind the bombing halt. General Maxwell Taylor, former Ambassador to South Vietnam, said terminating America's commitment to South Vietnam even without a peace agreement should be considered by the President. U.S. military personnel in South Vietnam numbered 24,200. 1972 in the Vietnam War 1972 in the Vietnam War saw foreign involvement in

title: 1969 in the Vietnam War

text: which utilized them for resupply, training, and resting between campaigns across the border in the Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam). The number of American military personnel in Vietnam peaked at 543,000. Tensions and casualties start escalating months after the Vietnam War begins both in Vietnam and back home in the United States. In the beginning of April a massive group of Harvard students took their angers to the school, trying to overthrow officials all while physically taking out multiple deans and eventually locked themselves in to revolt against the Vietnam War. Meanwhile, over in Vietnam the war starts to escalate

title: 1957 in the Vietnam War

text: in North Vietnam, wrote a report advocating for North Vietnam to do more to support the communists, now commonly called the Viet Cong, in South Vietnam while continuing to focus on building a socialist society in the North. The relative peace in South Vietnam during the past year was broken when anti-government dissidents killed 17 people in a bar in the Châu Đốc massacre. The massacre was attributed to remnants of the Hòa Hảo religious sect which had been repressed by Diệm in 1955 and 1956. The killings were the beginning of a low level campaign targeting government officials, school

title: 1974 in the Vietnam War

text: 1974 in the Vietnam War The Battle of the Paracel Islands was an engagement fought between the naval forces of the People's Republic of China and the Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam) in the Paracel Islands on January 19, 1974. The Battle of Svay Rieng was the last major operation of the Vietnam War to be mounted by the Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN) against the Communist People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) forces. The Battle of the Iron Triangle took place on May 16, 1974, when the 9th Division of the PAVN backed by a small contingent of

title: 1956 in the Vietnam War

text: South Vietnam. Fitzgibbon was not killed in action, but rather was murdered by another United States airman. Vice President Richard Nixon visited South Vietnam. He gave Diem a letter from President Eisenhower stating that the United States looked forward to many years of partnership with South Vietnam. In a speech in the Vietnamese constituent assembly, Nixon said that "the march of Communism has been halted." Ho Chi Minh said that "the U.S. imperialists and the pro-American authorities in South Vietnam have been plotting to partition our country permanently and prevent the holding of free general elections as provided for by

title: 1958 in the Vietnam War

text: that he did not have "concern regarding internal security, the economic situation, or the executive ability of the government of [South] Vietnam." Troubled by reports of oppression in South Vietnam, Socialist Norman Thomas resigned from the American Friends of Vietnam, a prominent lobbying group which supported the Diem government. A South Vietnamese army truck was ambushed by insurgents and all occupants were killed. This was one of several attacks in February on government and military personnel in the Mekong Delta region of southernmost South Vietnam. Three hundred Bình Xuyên insurgents attacked the Minh Thanh Rubber Plantation north of Saigon. The

title: 1962 in the Vietnam War

text: Senator Wayne Morse went public with his criticism of the Vietnam War. "I have heard no evidence which convinces me that it would be militarily wise to get bogged down anywhere in Asia in a conventional war." Senator Mike Mansfield became the first prominent Democrat to question U.S. policy in Vietnam. Mansfield, an early supporter of President Diệm and the most knowledgeable Senator on Vietnam, called for Diệm to put more emphasis on political and economic development—-as had been emphasized to Diệm "for many years." He advocated a greater use of diplomacy by the United States and less emphasis on

title: 1964 in the Vietnam War

text: York Times" called for the U.S. to seek a negotiated settlement to the war in South Vietnam. Reston's view echoed that of French President Charles de Gaulle who was advocating that negotiations begin to make South Vietnam a neutral country The United States Senate Majority Leader Mike Mansfield told President Johnson that the overthrow of the Minh government was unlikely to result in "significant improvement in the situation" in South Vietnam. Mansfield said the coup was "likely to be only the second in a series as military leaders, released from all civilian restraint, jockey for control of the power which

title: 1968 in the Vietnam War

text: Adams' iconic image of South Vietnamese General Nguyễn Ngọc Loan's execution of a Viet Cong operative was taken in 1968. The year also saw Walter Cronkite's call to honourably exit Vietnam because he thought the war was lost. This negative impression forced the US into the Paris peace talks with North Vietnam. US troop numbers peaked in 1968 with President Johnson approving an increased maximum number of US troops in Vietnam at 549,500. The year was the most expensive in the Vietnam War with the American spending US$ (US$ in 2019) on the war. The year also became the deadliest

title: 1940–46 in the Vietnam War

text: natives have been killed and more are in prison awaiting execution." He described "promiscuous machine-gunning" of Vietnamese civilians" by French soldiers. The Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam, chaired by Ho Chi Minh (then known as Nguyen Ai Quoc), held its 8th Plenum in the Vietnamese village of Pac Bo in Cao Bằng province, near the border of Vietnam with China. This was the first time that Ho had set foot in Vietnam since 1911 after living in England, France, the United States, the USSR, and China. The Central Committee created the Việt Minh as a broad-based, nationalist

title: 1967 in the Vietnam War

text: Junction City was an 82-day military operation conducted by United States and Republic of Vietnam (RVN or South Vietnam) forces begun on February 22, 1967, lasting until May 14, 1967. It was the largest U.S. airborne operation since Operation Market Garden during World War II, the only major airborne operation of the Vietnam War, and one of the largest U.S. operations of the Vietnam War. Operation Union was a search and destroy mission in the Que Son Valley carried out by the 1st Marine Regiment to engage the PAVN 2nd Division. Launched on April 21, 1967, the operation ended May

title: Vietnam War

text: Laotians since the end of the war. Casualties from Agent Orange exposure is not known currently. The Vietnam War has been featured extensively in television, film, video games, music and literature in the participant countries. In Vietnam, one notable film set during Operation Linebacker II was the film "Girl from Hanoi" (1975) depicting war-time life in Hanoi. Another notable work was the diary of Đặng Thùy Trâm, a Vietnamese doctor who enlisted in the Southern battlefield, and was killed at the age of 27 by US forces near Quảng Ngãi. Her diaries were later published in Vietnam as "Đặng Thùy

title: 1964 in the Vietnam War

text: combating the spread of communism. The North Vietnamese Central Military Commission ordered the Viet Cong and the North Vietnamese Army to jointly "annihilate a part of the enemy's main force units" in South Vietnam between December 1964 and March 1965. Prior to this announcement, units of the North Vietnamese Army had not participated in the war in South Vietnam. Nguyễn Văn Trỗi was executed by firing squad in South Vietnam. A Vietnamese electrical worker and Viet Cong urban guerrilla, he was captured after trying to assassinate Secretary of Defense McNamara and future ambassador Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr. who were visiting

title: 1963 in the Vietnam War

text: replace corrupt/incompetent military, cabinet, and province officials, prosecute the war against the VC, recall political refugees from France/USA, and establish a new government. While this group fears Diệm, they especially fear Mr. [Ngô Dinh] Nhu who they consider will surely succeed Diệm and who will seek reunification of North and South Vietnam through neutralist solution. The State Department in Washington issued a secret report titled "Statistics on the War Effort in South Vietnam Show Unfavorable Trends." The report said that "since July 1963, the trend in Viet Cong casualties, weapons losses, and defections has been downward while the number of

title: Women in the Vietnam War

text: who are simply considered bystanders, immune to the worst horrors of war, yet they are often the ones who have to pick up the pieces. Political philosopher Jean Bethke Elshtain argues often that “Women in Wars are simply viewed as a collective ‘other’ to the males heroes we often hear and read about”. Sadly, because women were not often “allowed” to serve in combat, many were never officially drafted, so any acknowledgment of service, at least on paper, is limited. Today there is relatively little data about female Vietnam War veterans. The VMF (Vietnam Women’s Memorial Foundation) has estimated that

title: 1957 in the Vietnam War

text: separate countries and each have a seat at the United Nations. This prompted the North Vietnam government to consider a military solution to unite North and South Vietnam. During the last three months of 1957, 190 terrorist attacks and clashes between government security forces and insurgents were reported in South Vietnam. Seventy-four people were killed including 20 government officials and 31 police and military personnel. Ambassador Durbrow in Saigon reported to the Department of State that Diệm's focus on security and repression of opposition to his rule was alienating the people of South Vietnam and facilitating the growth of communism.

title: 1965 in the Vietnam War

text: was stationed at the port city of Nha Trang. The Battle of Ia Drang was one of the most consequential battles of the Vietnam War. For the first time, the United States Army and the People's Army of Vietnam (the North Vietnamese Army) met head-on in a major engagement, with the South Vietnamese army and the Viet Cong playing only minor roles. Casualties were heavy on both sides, with some 250 U.S. and at least 1,200 North Vietnamese dead. For General Westmoreland, the battle was a victory for U.S. firepower and mobility in a war of attrition in which the

title: 1975 in the Vietnam War

text: other US prisoners captured during the 1975 Spring Offensive were transported by a UN-chartered C-47 from Hanoi to Vientiane, Laos and then on to Bangkok, Thailand. The Lao People's Democratic Republic was officially established. 1975 in the Vietnam War 1975 marked the end of the Vietnam War, sometimes called the Second Indochina War or the American War. The North Vietnamese army (PAVN) launched the Spring Offensive in March, the South Vietnamese army (ARVN) was quickly defeated. The communist North Vietnamese captured Saigon on April 30, accepting the surrender of South Vietnam. In the final days of the war, the United

title: 1969 in the Vietnam War

text: and Viet Cong in the village of Binh Ba, north of Nui Dat in Phuoc Tuy Province. Operation Camden was an Australian Army military operation in support of the 501 Land Clearing Company, United States Army Corps of Engineers who were undertaking land clearing operations in the Hat Dich Area. With the outcome of the Vietnam War still in question, Hồ Chí Minh died on the morning of 2 September 1969, at his home in Hanoi at age 79 from heart failure. 1969 in the Vietnam War Tet 1969 refers to the attacks mounted by principally North Vietnamese forces in

title: 1965 in the Vietnam War

text: much tonnage south in 1965 as it had in the preceding six years. Conscription (draft) into the United States armed forces in 1965 was 230,991 men, compared to 112,386 in 1964. 1965 in the Vietnam War In 1965, the United States rapidly increased its military forces in South Vietnam, prompted by the realization that the South Vietnamese government was losing the Vietnam War as the communist-dominated Viet Cong gained influence over much of the population in rural areas of the country. North Vietnam also rapidly increased its infiltration of men and supplies to combat South Vietnam and the U.S.. The

title: China in the Vietnam War

text: China in the Vietnam War The Vietnam War was a major event that shaped the course of the world in the second half of the 20th century. Although it was a regional conflict occurred in Indochinese Peninsula, it also affected the strategic interests of the People's Republic of China, the United States and the Soviet Union as well as the relations between these great powers. China, in particular, played an important role in Vietnam wars during 1950~1975. China helped Vietnam against French colonial rulers in the 1950s and later helped Vietnam win independence by fighting the United States. However, with

title: 1965 in the Vietnam War

text: agreement reached by negotiations between the U.S. and the communist powers might be the best solution to the Vietnam War. Mansfield was one of several senators who had doubts about the course of U.S. policy in South Vietnam. The U.S. Ambassador in South Vietnam General Maxwell Taylor summed up the situation in a telegram to the U.S. government in Washington. "We are faced here with a seriously deteriorating situation characterized by continued political turmoil, irresponsibility and division within the armed forces, lethargy in the pacification program, some anti-US feeling which could grow, signs of mounting terrorism by VC directly at

title: 1966 in the Vietnam War

text: number of Viet Cong is closer to 600,000 and perhaps more." The memo would initiate a lengthy debate between MACV and the CIA concerning the number of Viet Cong. The Selective Service System of the U.S. drafted 382,010 men into military service in 1966, the highest total during the Vietnam War. By comparison, in 1962, only 82,060 men were drafted The draft was a major source of opposition to the Vietnam War in the United States. 1966 in the Vietnam War At the beginning of 1966, the number of U.S. military personnel in South Vietnam totaled 184,314. South Vietnamese military