query: What is a word spelled the same backward and forward called?

title: Palindrome

text: backward) is a name coined for words that spell a different word in reverse. The word was coined by [[Martin Gardner]] in his notes to [[C.C. Bombaugh]]'s book "[[Oddities and Curiosities of Words and Literature]]" in 1961. "Semordnilap" is itself a semordnilap. An example of this is the word "stressed", which is "desserts" spelled backward. "Noon" is a palindrome but not a semordnilap because it is the same word whether spelled backward or forward. Some semordnilaps are deliberate creations; an example in electronics (although rarely used now) is the [[mho]], a unit of electrical conductance, which is [[ohm]] spelled backwards,

title: Palindromic rheumatism

text: name from the Greek "palindromos" meaning to take the same road once again ("palin", again + "dromos", pathway) emphasizing how the illness begins and ends in a similar way. The term "palindrome" means a word that is spelled the same forward as backward (examples include "kayak" and "mom"). Palindromic rheumatism Palindromic rheumatism (PR) consists of sudden and rapidly developing attacks of arthritis. There is acute pain, redness, swelling, and disability of one or multiple joints. The interval between recurrent palindromic attacks and the length of an attack is extremely variable from few hours to days. Attacks may become more frequent

title: Forward–backward algorithm

text: Forward–backward algorithm The forward–backward algorithm is an inference algorithm for hidden Markov models which computes the posterior marginals of all hidden state variables given a sequence of observations/emissions formula_1, i.e. it computes, for all hidden state variables formula_2, the distribution formula_3. This inference task is usually called "smoothing". The algorithm makes use of the principle of dynamic programming to efficiently compute the values that are required to obtain the posterior marginal distributions in two passes. The first pass goes forward in time while the second goes backward in time; hence the name "forward–backward algorithm". The term "forward–backward algorithm" is also

title: Forward–backward algorithm

text: are the emission probabilities. For simplicity of code, we assume that the observation sequence codice_2 is non-empty and that codice_9 and codice_10 is defined for all states i,j. In the running example, the forward-backward algorithm is used as follows: Forward–backward algorithm The forward–backward algorithm is an inference algorithm for hidden Markov models which computes the posterior marginals of all hidden state variables given a sequence of observations/emissions formula_1, i.e. it computes, for all hidden state variables formula_2, the distribution formula_3. This inference task is usually called "smoothing". The algorithm makes use of the principle of dynamic programming to efficiently compute

title: Forward–backward algorithm

text: sequences and calculating the joint probability of each state sequence with the observed series of events. This approach has time complexity formula_91, where formula_92 is the length of sequences and formula_93 is the number of symbols in the state alphabet. This is intractable for realistic problems, as the number of possible hidden node sequences typically is extremely high. However, the forward–backward algorithm has time complexity formula_94. An enhancement to the general forward-backward algorithm, called the Island algorithm, trades smaller memory usage for longer running time, taking formula_95 time and formula_96 memory. On a computer with an unlimited number of processors,

title: Forward–backward algorithm

text: given any starting point formula_5, i.e. formula_8. These two sets of probability distributions can then be combined to obtain the distribution over states at any specific point in time given the entire observation sequence: The last step follows from an application of the Bayes' rule and the conditional independence of formula_10 and formula_11 given formula_12. As outlined above, the algorithm involves three steps: The forward and backward steps may also be called "forward message pass" and "backward message pass" - these terms are due to the "message-passing" used in general belief propagation approaches. At each single observation in the sequence,

title: Forward–backward algorithm

text: used to refer to any algorithm belonging to the general class of algorithms that operate on sequence models in a forward–backward manner. In this sense, the descriptions in the remainder of this article refer but to one specific instance of this class. In the first pass, the forward–backward algorithm computes a set of forward probabilities which provide, for all formula_4, the probability of ending up in any particular state given the first formula_5 observations in the sequence, i.e. formula_6. In the second pass, the algorithm computes a set of backward probabilities which provide the probability of observing the remaining observations

title: Forward–backward algorithm

text: probabilities to be used for calculations at the next observation are computed. The smoothing step can be calculated simultaneously during the backward pass. This step allows the algorithm to take into account any past observations of output for computing more accurate results. The forward–backward algorithm can be used to find the most likely state for any point in time. It cannot, however, be used to find the most likely sequence of states (see Viterbi algorithm). The following description will use matrices of probability values rather than probability distributions, although in general the forward-backward algorithm can be applied to continuous as

title: Forward–backward algorithm

text: state vector represents a uniform prior (i.e. all entries are equal). When this is not the case formula_81 needs to be combined with the initial state vector to find the most likely initial state. We thus find that the forward probabilities by themselves are sufficient to calculate the most likely final state. Similarly, the backward probabilities can be combined with the initial state vector to provide the most probable initial state given the observations. The forward and backward probabilities need only be combined to infer the most probable states between the initial and final points. The calculations above reveal that

title: Forward–backward algorithm

text: we are looking for in our equation, and we divide by the total probability of the observation sequence to normalize this value and extract only the probability that formula_41. These values are sometimes called the "smoothed values" as they combine the forward and backward probabilities to compute a final probability. The values formula_53 thus provide the probability of being in each state at time t. As such, they are useful for determining the most probable state at any time. It should be noted, however, that the term "most probable state" is somewhat ambiguous. While the most probable state is the

title: Backward diode

text: A backward diode can be used in high speed switching applications. Backward diode In semiconductor devices, a backward diode (also called back diode) is a variation on a Zener diode or tunnel diode having a better conduction for small reverse biases (for example –0.1 to –0.6 V) than for forward bias voltages. The reverse current in such a diode is by tunneling, which is also known as the "tunnel effect." The forward I–V characteristic is the same as that of an ordinary P–N diode. The breakdown starts when reverse voltage is applied. In the case of Zener breakdown, it starts

title: Forward–backward algorithm

text: represents the previous, scaled vector. This result is that the scaled probability vector is related to the backward probabilities by: This is useful because it allows us to find the total probability of being in each state at a given time, t, by multiplying these values: To understand this, we note that formula_50 provides the probability for observing the given events in a way that passes through state formula_51 at time t. This probability includes the forward probabilities covering all events up to time t as well as the backward probabilities which include all future events. This is the numerator

title: Backward compatibility

text: Backward compatibility Backward compatibility is a property of a system, product, or technology that allows for interoperability with an older legacy system, or with input designed for such a system, especially in telecommunications and computing. Backward compatibility is sometimes also called downward compatibility. Modifying a system in a way that does not allow backward compatibility is sometimes called "breaking" backward compatibility. A complementary concept is forward compatibility. A design that is forward-compatible usually has a roadmap for compatibility with future standards and products. The associated benefits of backward compatibility are the appeal to an existing user base through an inexpensive

title: Backward diode

text: Backward diode In semiconductor devices, a backward diode (also called back diode) is a variation on a Zener diode or tunnel diode having a better conduction for small reverse biases (for example –0.1 to –0.6 V) than for forward bias voltages. The reverse current in such a diode is by tunneling, which is also known as the "tunnel effect." The forward I–V characteristic is the same as that of an ordinary P–N diode. The breakdown starts when reverse voltage is applied. In the case of Zener breakdown, it starts at a particular voltage. In this diode the voltage remains relatively

title: A Weapon Called the Word

text: shortly after release. A Weapon Called the Word A Weapon Called the Word was the debut full-length album by the Levellers, released in April 1990. The album contains re-recorded tracks from the band's first two E.P. recordings: "Carry Me E.P." (upon which the tracks "Carry Me" and "England My Home" were originally released) and "Outside/Inside E.P." (which contained "Outside/Inside", "Barrel of the Gun" and "I Have No Answers"). The band did not re-record the track "The Last Days Of Winter" from the "Carry Me E.P." despite the fact the album's title "A Weapon Called The Word" is taken from that

title: A Weapon Called the Word

text: A Weapon Called the Word A Weapon Called the Word was the debut full-length album by the Levellers, released in April 1990. The album contains re-recorded tracks from the band's first two E.P. recordings: "Carry Me E.P." (upon which the tracks "Carry Me" and "England My Home" were originally released) and "Outside/Inside E.P." (which contained "Outside/Inside", "Barrel of the Gun" and "I Have No Answers"). The band did not re-record the track "The Last Days Of Winter" from the "Carry Me E.P." despite the fact the album's title "A Weapon Called The Word" is taken from that song. Two versions

title: Forward–backward algorithm

text: vector provides us with the probability of being in each state at this time. A similar procedure can be constructed to find backward probabilities. These intend to provide the probabilities: That is, we now want to assume that we start in a particular state (formula_41), and we are now interested in the probability of observing all future events from this state. Since the initial state is assumed as given (i.e. the prior probability of this state = 100%), we begin with: Notice that we are now using a column vector while the forward probabilities used row vectors. We can then

title: Forward–backward algorithm

text: this can be reduced to formula_94 total time, while still taking only formula_96 memory. In addition, algorithms have been developed to compute formula_99 efficiently through online smoothing such as the fixed-lag smoothing (FLS) algorithm Russell & Norvig 2010 Figure 15.6 pp. 580. Given HMM (just like in Viterbi algorithm) represented in the Python programming language: We can write the implementation of the forward-backward algorithm like this: The function codice_1 takes the following arguments: codice_2 is the sequence of observations, e.g. codice_3; codice_4 is the set of hidden states; codice_5 is the start probability; codice_6 are the transition probabilities; and codice_7

title: Backward compatibility

text: machine-translatability of programs written for its predecessor in mind, although they were not instruction-set compatible with the 8-bit Intel 8080 processor as of 1974. The Zilog Z80, however, was fully backward compatible with the Intel 8080.) Fully backward compatible processors can process the same binary executable software instructions as their predecessors, allowing the use of a newer processor without having to acquire new applications or operating systems. Similarly, the success of the Wi-Fi digital communication standard is attributed to its broad forward and backward compatibility; it became more popular than other standards that were not backward compatible. Compiler backward compatibility

title: Backward running

text: running and backward running is called mixed running or alternative mixed running. Some believe that running backwards helps balance out the strain brought on by normal running. Reversing the direction works the friction of tissues oppositely . Running flat or uphill, the heel is used to push off rather than the ball of the foot as normally occurs with forward runnining, working the tibialis anterior muscle (pushes the heel down, raises front of foot) more as a prime mover than a shock absorber. When running backward downhill, the ball of the foot is used whereas forward downhill running uses mainly

title: Forward chaining

text: are used in the opposite order as compared to backward chaining. In this example, rules #2 and #4 were not used in determining that Fritz is green. Because the data determines which rules are selected and used, this method is called data-driven, in contrast to goal-driven backward chaining inference. The forward chaining approach is often employed by expert systems, such as CLIPS. One of the advantages of forward-chaining over backward-chaining is that the reception of new data can trigger new inferences, which makes the engine better suited to dynamic situations in which conditions are likely to change. Forward chaining Forward

title: Backward channel

text: Backward channel In a data transmission circuit a backward channel is the channel that passes data in a direction opposite to that of its associated forward channel. The backward channel is usually used for transmission of request, supervisory, acknowledgement, or error-control signals. The direction of flow of these signals is opposite to that in which user information is being transferred. The backward-channel bandwidth is usually less than that of the primary channel, that is, the forward (user information) channel. For example, ADSL's upstream channel, considered a backward channel for some types of analysis, typically has a bandwidth less than one-fourth

title: Forward algorithm

text: algorithm is easily modified to account for observations from variants of the hidden Markov model as well, such as the Markov jump linear system. In order to take into account future history (i.e., if one wanted to improve the estimate for past times), you can run the backward algorithm, which complements the forward algorithm. This is called "smoothing". The forward/backward algorithm computes formula_27 for formula_28. So the full forward/backward algorithm takes into account all evidence. In order to achieve the most likely sequence, the Viterbi algorithm is required. It computes the most likely state sequence given the history of observations,

title: A Weapon Called the Word

text: 1996 re-release credits Simon Friend in the liner notes despite him not being a band member at the time of recording. This is due to the added live tracks "Social Insecurity" and "Cardboard Box City" being written and sung by Friend. "A Weapon Called the Word" has achieved platinum status despite never having appeared in the album charts, a rare feat reflecting steady and consistent sales rather than strong initial sales. Only "World Freakshow" was released as a single, as Musidisc's alleged mismanagement of the promotion and pressing of the single led the Levellers to part company with the label

title: Backward channel

text: of the downstream channel. In data transmission, it is a secondary channel in which the direction of transmission is constrained to be opposite to that of the primary, "i.e.", the forward (user-information) channel. The direction of transmission in the backward channel is restricted by the control interchange circuit that controls the direction of transmission in the primary channel. Backward channel In a data transmission circuit a backward channel is the channel that passes data in a direction opposite to that of its associated forward channel. The backward channel is usually used for transmission of request, supervisory, acknowledgement, or error-control signals.

title: Forward–backward algorithm

text: with the formula_37's found earlier. The backward probability vectors above thus actually represent the likelihood of each state at time t given the future observations. Because these vectors are proportional to the actual backward probabilities, the result has to be scaled an additional time. Notice that the value of formula_80 is equal to formula_81 and that formula_82 is equal to formula_83. This follows naturally because both formula_83 and formula_81 begin with uniform priors over the initial and final state vectors (respectively) and take into account all of the observations. However, formula_80 will only be equal to formula_81 when our initial

title: Forward–backward algorithm

text: so that the calculations below are easier to read. Our calculations are then written in the form: instead of: Notice that the transformation matrix is also transposed, but in our example the transpose is equal to the original matrix. Performing these calculations and normalizing the results provides: For the backward probabilities we start with: We are then able to compute (using the observations in reverse order and normalizing with different constants): Finally, we will compute the smoothed probability values. These result also must be scaled so that its entries sum to 1 because we did not scale the backward probabilities

title: Backward running

text: Although the distance to the ground is greater running downhill backwards, the incline makes it much easier to perform rolls in downhill running, than when running level ground, so it can be done more instinctively. This applies to backward running and the backroll as it does to front running and the front roll. Backward motion is less energy efficient. Backward running can reduce knee pain. More freedom of movement is possible with backward running due to less coordination. Training this way can also increase metabolic efficiency with forward running. As the head faces forward, running backwards has the danger in

title: What Is This Thing Called Love?

text: What Is This Thing Called Love? "What Is This Thing Called Love?" is a 1929 popular song written by Cole Porter, for the musical "Wake Up and Dream". It was first performed by Elsie Carlisle in March 1929. The song has become a popular jazz standard and one of Porter's most often played compositions. "Wake Up and Dream" ran for 263 shows in London. The show was also noticed in New York, and the critics praised Tilly Losch's performance of the song. The show was produced on Broadway in December 1929; in the American rendition, "What Is This Thing Called

title: What Is This Thing Called Love?

text: forms the basis of several jazz compositions (contrafact), such as "Hot House" by Tadd Dameron What Is This Thing Called Love? "What Is This Thing Called Love?" is a 1929 popular song written by Cole Porter, for the musical "Wake Up and Dream". It was first performed by Elsie Carlisle in March 1929. The song has become a popular jazz standard and one of Porter's most often played compositions. "Wake Up and Dream" ran for 263 shows in London. The show was also noticed in New York, and the critics praised Tilly Losch's performance of the song. The show was

title: Backward Euler method

text: that formula_9 approximates formula_10, where formula_11 is called the step size. The backward Euler method computes the approximations using This differs from the (forward) Euler method in that the latter uses formula_13 in place of formula_14. The backward Euler method is an implicit method: the new approximation formula_15 appears on both sides of the equation, and thus the method needs to solve an algebraic equation for the unknown formula_15. For non-stiff problems, this can be done with fixed-point iteration: If this sequence converges (within a given tolerance), then the method takes its limit as the new approximation formula_15. Alternatively, one

title: Word (computer architecture)

text: capability. As a result, what might have been the central word size in a fresh design has to coexist as an alternative size to the original word size in a backward compatible design. The original word size remains available in future designs, forming the basis of a size family. In the mid-1970s, DEC designed the VAX to be a 32-bit successor of the 16-bit PDP-11. They used "word" for a 16-bit quantity, while "longword" referred to a 32-bit quantity. This was in contrast to earlier machines, where the natural unit of addressing memory would be called a "word", while a

title: Backward Euler method

text: backward Euler method is a variant of the (forward) Euler method. Other variants are the semi-implicit Euler method and the exponential Euler method. The backward Euler method can be seen as a Runge–Kutta method with one stage, described by the Butcher tableau: The backward Euler method can also be seen as a linear multistep method with one step. It is the first method of the family of Adams–Moulton methods, and also of the family of backward differentiation formulas. Backward Euler method In numerical analysis and scientific computing, the backward Euler method (or implicit Euler method) is one of the most

title: Backward chaining

text: Prolog, Knowledge Machine and ECLiPSe support backward chaining within their inference engines. Backward chaining Backward chaining (or backward reasoning) is an inference method described colloquially as working backward from the goal. It is used in automated theorem provers, inference engines, proof assistants, and other artificial intelligence applications. In game theory, researchers apply it to (simpler) subgames to find a solution to the game, in a process called "backward induction". In chess, it is called retrograde analysis, and it is used to generate table bases for chess endgames for computer chess. Backward chaining is implemented in logic programming by SLD resolution.

title: Backward chaining

text: Backward chaining Backward chaining (or backward reasoning) is an inference method described colloquially as working backward from the goal. It is used in automated theorem provers, inference engines, proof assistants, and other artificial intelligence applications. In game theory, researchers apply it to (simpler) subgames to find a solution to the game, in a process called "backward induction". In chess, it is called retrograde analysis, and it is used to generate table bases for chess endgames for computer chess. Backward chaining is implemented in logic programming by SLD resolution. Both rules are based on the modus ponens inference rule. It is

title: The Moral Basis of a Backward Society

text: The Moral Basis of a Backward Society The Moral Basis of a Backward Society is a book by Edward C. Banfield, a political scientist who visited Montegrano, Italy (Montegrano is the fictitious name used by Banfield to protect the original town of Chiaromonte, in the Southern Italian region of Basilicata) in 1955. He observed a self-interested, family centric society which sacrificed the public good for the sake of nepotism and the immediate family. Banfield as an American was witnessing what was to become infamous as the "Mafia" or families (in Sicily and other parts of Southern Italy) that cared only

title: Backward induction

text: surprise someone who is performing backward induction. The mathematical theory of backward induction does not make this assumption, so the paradox does not call into question the results of this theory. Nonetheless, this paradox has received some substantial discussion by philosophers. Backward induction Backward induction is the process of reasoning backwards in time, from the end of a problem or situation, to determine a sequence of optimal actions. It proceeds by first considering the last time a decision might be made and choosing what to do in any situation at that time. Using this information, one can then determine what

title: Forward–backward algorithm

text: work backwards using: While we could normalize this vector as well so that its entries sum to one, this is not usually done. Noting that each entry contains the probability of the future event sequence given a particular initial state, normalizing this vector would be equivalent to applying Bayes' theorem to find the likelihood of each initial state given the future events (assuming uniform priors for the final state vector). However, it is more common to scale this vector using the same formula_37 constants used in the forward probability calculations. formula_45 is not scaled, but subsequent operations use: where formula_47

title: What Is This Thing Called Love? (short story)

text: What Is This Thing Called Love? (short story) "What Is This Thing Called Love?" is a science fiction short story by Isaac Asimov. The story was requested by Cele Goldsmith Lalli, editor of "Amazing Stories", as a satire of an article in "Playboy" called "Girls of the Slime God" which had suggested that pulp science fiction stories were concerned with aliens and sex. The story appeared in the March 1961 issue of "Amazing" as "Playboy and the Slime God", but Asimov later retitled it "What Is This Thing Called Love?" According to Asimov, in "1938-39 ... for some half a

title: Backward pawn

text: Backward pawn In chess, a backward pawn is a pawn that is behind all pawns of the same color on the adjacent files and cannot be safely advanced. In the diagram, the black pawn on the c6-square is backward. Backward pawns are usually a positional disadvantage since they are difficult to defend. Also, the opponent can place a piece, usually a knight, on the hole in front of the pawn without any risk of a pawn driving it away. The backward pawn also prevents its owner's rooks and queen on the same file from attacking the piece placed on the

title: Backward pawn

text: on. Bibliography Backward pawn In chess, a backward pawn is a pawn that is behind all pawns of the same color on the adjacent files and cannot be safely advanced. In the diagram, the black pawn on the c6-square is backward. Backward pawns are usually a positional disadvantage since they are difficult to defend. Also, the opponent can place a piece, usually a knight, on the hole in front of the pawn without any risk of a pawn driving it away. The backward pawn also prevents its owner's rooks and queen on the same file from attacking the piece placed

text: other, and wind up engaging in reproductive activities after all. What Is This Thing Called Love? (short story) "What Is This Thing Called Love?" is a science fiction short story by Isaac Asimov. The story was requested by Cele Goldsmith Lalli, editor of "Amazing Stories", as a satire of an article in "Playboy" called "Girls of the Slime God" which had suggested that pulp science fiction stories were concerned with aliens and sex. The story appeared in the March 1961 issue of "Amazing" as "Playboy and the Slime God", but Asimov later retitled it "What Is This Thing Called Love?"

title: Backward diode

text: constant (independent of current) when it is connected in reverse bias. The backward diode is a special form of tunnel diode in which the tunneling phenomenon is only incipient, and the negative resistance region virtually disappears. The forward current is very small and becomes equivalent to the reverse current of a conventional diode. Since it has low capacitance and no charge storage effect, and a strongly nonlinear small-signal characteristic, the backward diode can be used as a detector up to 40 GHz. A backward diode can be used for rectifying weak signals with peak amplitudes of 0.1 to 0.7 V.

title: Backward chaining

text: one of the two most commonly used methods of reasoning with inference rules and logical implications – the other is forward chaining. Backward chaining systems usually employ a depth-first search strategy, e.g. Prolog. Backward chaining starts with a list of goals (or a hypothesis) and works backwards from the consequent to the antecedent to see if any data supports any of these consequents. An inference engine using backward chaining would search the inference rules until it finds one with a consequent (Then clause) that matches a desired goal. If the antecedent (If clause) of that rule is known to be

title: The Moral Basis of a Backward Society

text: to work for the common good. This stress on the nuclear family over the interest of the citizenry, he called the ethos of "amoral familism". This he argued was probably created by the combination of certain land-tenure conditions, a high mortality rate, and the absence of other community building institutions. The Moral Basis of a Backward Society The Moral Basis of a Backward Society is a book by Edward C. Banfield, a political scientist who visited Montegrano, Italy (Montegrano is the fictitious name used by Banfield to protect the original town of Chiaromonte, in the Southern Italian region of Basilicata)

title: Kolmogorov backward equations (diffusion)

text: know the probability distribution of the state at a later time formula_2. The adjective 'forward' refers to the fact that formula_1 serves as the initial condition and the PDE is integrated forward in time (in the common case where the initial state is known exactly, formula_1 is a Dirac delta function centered on the known initial state). The Kolmogorov backward equation on the other hand is useful when we are interested at time "t" in whether at a future time "s" the system will be in a given subset of states "B", sometimes called the "target set". The target is

title: Looking Backward

text: the debate is illustrated by the subtitle of Geissler's 1891 "Looking Beyond", which is "A Sequel to 'Looking Backward' by Edward Bellamy and an Answer to 'Looking Forward' by Richard Michaelis". The book was translated into Bulgarian in 1892. In 1900 Bellamy personally approved a request by Bulgarian author Iliya Yovchev to make an "adapted translation" based on the realities of Bulgarian social order. The resulting work, titled "The Present as Seen by Our Descendants And a Glimpse at the Progress of the Future" ("Настоящето, разгледано от потомството ни и надничане в напредъка на бъдещето"), generally followed the same plot.

title: Backward induction

text: automated theorem proving, the method is called backward search or backward chaining. In chess it is called retrograde analysis. Backward induction has been used to solve games as long as the field of game theory has existed. John von Neumann and Oskar Morgenstern suggested solving zero-sum, two-person games by backward induction in their "Theory of Games and Economic Behavior" (1944), the book which established game theory as a field of study. Consider an unemployed person who will be able to work for ten more years "t" = 1,2...,10. Suppose that each year in which he remains unemployed, he may be

title: Backward chaining

text: always match the affirmed versions of the consequents of implications (and not the negated versions as in modus tollens) and even then, their antecedents are then considered as the new goals (and not the conclusions as in affirming the consequent), which ultimately must match known facts (usually defined as consequents whose antecedents are always true); thus, the inference rule used is modus ponens. Because the list of goals determines which rules are selected and used, this method is called goal-driven, in contrast to data-driven forward-chaining inference. The backward chaining approach is often employed by expert systems. Programming languages such as

title: Forward caste

text: Other Backward castes to the areas with high tribal populations. Forward caste Forward caste (also known as Forward Class, Forward Community, and General Class) is a term used in India to denote groups of people who do not qualify for any of the affirmative action schemes operated by the government of India. These schemes are known as Reservation Benefits. Forward castes form about 30.8 per cent of the population, the number varying by region. Those groups who qualify are listed as Other Backward castes or Scheduled castes and scheduled tribes, and they can take advantage of defined quotas amongst other

title: Backward induction

text: programming, backward induction is one of the main methods for solving the Bellman equation. In game theory, backward induction is a method used to compute subgame perfect equilibria in sequential games. The only difference is that optimization involves just one decision maker, who chooses what to do at each point of time, whereas game theory analyzes how the decisions of several players interact. That is, by anticipating what the last player will do in each situation, it is possible to determine what the second-to-last player will do, and so on. In the related fields of automated planning and scheduling and

title: Forward–backward algorithm

text: us to calculate the new unnormalized probabilities state vector formula_28 through Bayes rule, weighting by the likelihood that each element of formula_23 generated event 1 as: We can now make this general procedure specific to our series of observations. Assuming an initial state vector formula_31, (which can be optimized as a parameter through repetitions of the forward-back procedure), we begin with: This process can be carried forward with additional observations using: This value is the forward unnormalized probability vector. The i'th entry of this vector provides: Typically, we will normalize the probability vector at each step so that its entries

title: What a Pushkin, what a son of a bitch!

text: What a Pushkin, what a son of a bitch! "What a Pushkin, what a son of a bitch!" (; sometimes separated by exclamation mark instead of comma) is a catchphrase and winged word from Alexander Pushkin's correspondence with one of his friends, poet Pyotr Vyazemsky. The phrase commonly expresses a joy after finishing one's work and appears particularly in several Russian literary works. In a letter dated circa November 7 or beginning of October, 1825 Pushkin, celebrating his finished drama "Boris Godunov" wrote to Vyazemsky: That was preceded by what Pushkin wrote to Vyazemsky on July 13 of the same

title: What Is This Thing Called Love? (Alexander O'Neal song)

text: What Is This Thing Called Love? (Alexander O'Neal song) "What Is This Thing Called Love?" is a song written by Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis and recorded by American recording artist Alexander O'Neal. It is the second single from the singer's fourth solo album, "All True Man" (1991). The song's distinctive backing vocals were performed by Lisa Keith. Following the successful chart performances of the "All True Man" single "All True Man", "What Is This Thing Called Love?" was released as the album's second single. Alexander O'Neal's 19th hit single and it reached #53 in the UK Singles Chart. In

text: the United States, the single reached #21 on Billboard's Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles & Tracks. Credits are adapted from the album's liner notes. What Is This Thing Called Love? (Alexander O'Neal song) "What Is This Thing Called Love?" is a song written by Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis and recorded by American recording artist Alexander O'Neal. It is the second single from the singer's fourth solo album, "All True Man" (1991). The song's distinctive backing vocals were performed by Lisa Keith. Following the successful chart performances of the "All True Man" single "All True Man", "What Is This Thing Called Love?"

title: What Is History?

text: to suit their facts, and takes part in a dialogue between past and present. Summing up his argument, Carr puts forward his own answer to the question of "what is history?", remarking that "it is a continuous process of interaction between the historian and his facts, an unending dialogue between the past and the present." it is precisely for matters of this kind that the historian is entitled to rely on what have been called the auxiliary sciences of history In his second chapter, Carr focuses on the influence that society plays on forming the approach of the historian and

text: differential equation then the Kolmogorov backward equation is as follows for formula_11, subject to the final condition formula_12. This can be derived using Itō's lemma on formula_13 and setting the dt term equal to zero. This equation can also be derived from the Feynman-Kac formula by noting that the hit probability is the same as the expected value of formula_5 over all paths that originate from state x at time t: Historically, of course, the KBE was developed before the Feynman-Kac formula (1949). With the same notation as before, the corresponding Kolmogorov forward equation is: for formula_17, with initial condition

title: Backward running

text: Backward running Backward running, also known as backwards running, running backwards, reverse running, retro running, or retro locomotion is the act of running in reverse, so that one travels in the direction one's back is facing rather than one's front. It is classed as a retro movement, the reverse of any normal movement. Backward running is a less natural motion, but can be accomplished with some speed with practice. It is better to start out backward walking (also called retropedaling), which is relatively easy, and speed up. Like normal running, running up and down hills backwards will add an additional

text: Kolmogorov backward equations (diffusion) The Kolmogorov backward equation (KBE) (diffusion) and its adjoint sometimes known as the Kolmogorov forward equation (diffusion) are partial differential equations (PDE) that arise in the theory of continuous-time continuous-state Markov processes. Both were published by Andrey Kolmogorov in 1931. Later it was realized that the forward equation was already known to physicists under the name Fokker–Planck equation; the KBE on the other hand was new. Informally, the Kolmogorov forward equation addresses the following problem. We have information about the state "x" of the system at time "t" (namely a probability distribution formula_1); we want to

title: Backward running

text: an obvious backward lean relative to normal running's forward lean, which can shift the stress of the other muscle fibres a small degree. Other advantages to backward running are a reduction in fear related to the movement, a form of exercise that is naturally more reserved, gains in balance, and the general enjoyment resulting from entertaining activities like these. Due to constantly having to look behind oneself, or sometimes keeping the eyes fixed, people can learn to run with more neck mobility or without a straight look ahead. This can stress the neck muscles which can be dangerous if done

title: Forward compatibility

text: browser is forward compatible if it gracefully accepts a newer version of HTML. Whereas how easily the browser code can be upgraded to process the newer HTML determines how extensible it is. The introduction of FM stereo transmission, or color television, allowed forward compatibility, since monophonic FM radio receivers and black-and-white TV sets still could receive a signal from a new transmitter. It also allowed backward compatibility since new receivers could receive monophonic or black-and-white signals generated by old transmitters. HTML is designed to treat all tags in the same way (as inert, unstyled inline elements) unless their appearance or

title: Backward design

text: to know about different food groups, human nutritional needs (carbohydrates, proteins, sugars, vitamins, minerals etc.), and about what foods provide these needs. They will need to know how to read nutrition labels. Resources will be a pamphlet from the UDSA on food groups, the health textbook, and a video "Nutrition for You". Teaching methods will include direct instruction, inductive methods, cooperative learning, and group activities. Although this approach is widely accepted, the following are criticisms of the backward design approach: Backward design Backward design is a method of designing educational curriculum by setting goals before choosing instructional methods and forms

title: The Word for World Is Forest

text: dependence on their ecosystem through the use of forest related metaphors. Similarly, the Athshean word for "dream" is the same as the word for "root". Athsheans have learned to exert some conscious control over their dreams, and their actions are dictated by both their dream experiences and their conscious non-dreaming thoughts. Thus their dreaming makes them rooted, something which is demonstrated through their use of language. The Athshean word for "god" is the same as the word for "translator", representing this role that "gods have" in their society, which is to interpret and translate their dreams into actions. "The Word

title: Backward-wave oscillator

text: signal and specifics of the waveguide, this modulation travels backward along the beam, instead of forward. This propagation, the "slow-wave", reaches the next hole in the folded waveguide just as the same phase of the RF signal does. This causes amplification just like the traditional TWT. The difference in the two systems is that in the TWT the speed of propagation in the helix has to be similar to that of the electrons in the beam. This is not the case in the BWO. The waveguide places strict limits on the bandwidth of the signal and sets its propagation speed

title: Forward compatibility

text: for the older system usually means backward compatibility for the new system, i.e. the ability to process data from the old system; the new system usually has "full" compatibility with the older one, by being able to both process and generate data in the format of the older system. Forward compatibility is not the same as extensibility. A forward compatible design can process at least some of the data from a future version of itself. An extensible design makes upgrading easy. An example of both design ideas can be found in web browsers. At any point in time, a current

text: formula_18. For more on this equation see Fokker–Planck equation. Kolmogorov backward equations (diffusion) The Kolmogorov backward equation (KBE) (diffusion) and its adjoint sometimes known as the Kolmogorov forward equation (diffusion) are partial differential equations (PDE) that arise in the theory of continuous-time continuous-state Markov processes. Both were published by Andrey Kolmogorov in 1931. Later it was realized that the forward equation was already known to physicists under the name Fokker–Planck equation; the KBE on the other hand was new. Informally, the Kolmogorov forward equation addresses the following problem. We have information about the state "x" of the system at time

title: Backward design

text: to ensure the students will learn. Although backward design is based on the same components of the ADDIE model, backward design is a condensed version of these components with far less flexibility. Backward design is often used in conjunction with two other terms: curriculum design and instructional design. Curriculum design is the act of designing or developing curricula for students. Curricula may differ from country to country and further still between provinces or states within a country. Curriculum is based on benchmark standards deemed important by the government. Typically, the time frame of attainment of these outcomes or standards is

title: Backward induction

text: Backward induction Backward induction is the process of reasoning backwards in time, from the end of a problem or situation, to determine a sequence of optimal actions. It proceeds by first considering the last time a decision might be made and choosing what to do in any situation at that time. Using this information, one can then determine what to do at the second-to-last time of decision. This process continues backwards until one has determined the best action for every possible situation (i.e. for every possible information set) at every point in time. In the mathematical optimization method of dynamic

title: Fall back and forward

text: bit/s HST modem, which would still be able to communicate with each other at only 2400 bit/s. A modem that can fall back in order to communicate with an older, slower modem is an example of backward compatibility, while one that can fall back in order to communicate when the line becomes noisy is an example of graceful degradation. "Article based on fall back and fall forward at FOLDOC, used with ." Fall back and forward Fall back is a feature of a modem protocol in data communication whereby two communicating modems which experience data corruption (due to line noise,

title: The Completion Backward Principle

text: The Completion Backward Principle The Completion Backward Principle is the sixth studio album by the American rock group The Tubes. It is the group's first for Capitol Records. It was accompanied by a long form music video release of the same name, although it did not contain all of the songs from the album. It is a concept album presented as a motivational business document. The album contains two hit singles, "Don't Want To Wait Anymore" and "Talk To Ya Later." The album's first release and first top 40 hit, "Don't Want To Wait Anymore" peaked at number 35 for

title: The Completion Backward Principle

text: the Tubes early cable access TV appearances as well as footage from early shows where Waybill would play the part of Quay Lude. The Completion Backward Principle The Completion Backward Principle is the sixth studio album by the American rock group The Tubes. It is the group's first for Capitol Records. It was accompanied by a long form music video release of the same name, although it did not contain all of the songs from the album. It is a concept album presented as a motivational business document. The album contains two hit singles, "Don't Want To Wait Anymore" and

title: Bitext word alignment

text: translation model and an alignment model. They are an instance of the Expectation–maximization algorithm: in the expectation-step the translation probabilities within each sentence are computed, in the maximization step they are accumulated to global translation probabilities. Features: Vogel et. al developed an approach featuring lexical translation probabilities and relative alignment by mapping the problem to a Hidden Markov model. The states and observations represent the source and target words respectively. The transition probabilities model the alignment probabilities. In training the translation and alignment probabilities can be obtained from formula_1 and formula_2 in the Forward-backward algorithm. Bitext word alignment Bitext word

title: Backward running

text: comedy film called "Reverse Runner" was released. It was executive produced by Stephen Herek, the director of "The Mighty Ducks", and directed by Lachlan Ryan and Jarrod Theodore. Backward running Backward running, also known as backwards running, running backwards, reverse running, retro running, or retro locomotion is the act of running in reverse, so that one travels in the direction one's back is facing rather than one's front. It is classed as a retro movement, the reverse of any normal movement. Backward running is a less natural motion, but can be accomplished with some speed with practice. It is better

title: Happiness Is a Four-letter Word

text: Happiness Is a Four-letter Word Happiness is a Four-letter Word is a 2016 South African romantic drama film directed by Thabang Moleya and written by Busisiwe Ntintili. Based on the novel of the same name by Nozizwe Cynthia Jele, the film tells the story of three friends trying to find their happiness while maintaining images of success and acceptability. The film revolves around three women. Glamorous trophy housewife Zaza, played by Khanyi Mbau, seems to be living the new South African dream of money, success, and loving partners. Lawyer and compulsive perfectionist Nandi, played by Mmabatho Montsho, whose life from

title: Recall (memory)

text: than backward recall. This is generally true for long sequences of word or letters such as the alphabet. In one view, the independent associations hypothesis, the strength of forward and backward recall are hypothesized to be independent of each other. To confirm this hypothesis, Dr. George Wolford tested participants' forward and backward recall and found that forward and backward recall are independent of each other. The probability of correct forward recall was .47 for word pair associations and the probability of correct backward recall of word pair associations was .25. However, in another view, the associative symmetry hypothesis, the strengths

title: The Word for World Is Forest

text: by the Vietnam War, but was living in London when she wrote the novel, cut off from the anti-war movement she had been a part of in Oregon. Written in these circumstances, "The Word for World is Forest" became what Le Guin called a "preachment". She stated that writing the book was like "taking dictation from a boss with ulcers". She said that she had wanted to write about forests and dreaming, but that the "boss" had made her write instead about ecological destruction. Charlotte Spivack stated that the book was an "angry work", that ended on a note of

title: Backward running

text: that the runner cannot see anything on the ground or in the way of his or her path. Unlike forward running, it is also much more difficult to brace a backward fall or drop into a roll if one trips. Turning the head around while running can generally eliminate the visual impediment, although it is awkward, limits speed, and may result in neck strain. Practicing tumbling and exerting force in a backwards direction with the arms through various exercises like crabwalking or planches may aid in stopping damage or injury from falls or stopping falls. The combination of normal forward

title: Backward compatibility

text: simple example of both backward and forward compatibility is the introduction of FM radio in stereo. FM radio was initially mono, with only one audio channel represented by one signal. With the introduction of two-channel stereo FM radio, a large number of listeners had only mono FM receivers. Forward compatibility for mono receivers with stereo signals was achieved through sending the sum of both left and right audio channels in one signal and the difference in another signal. That allows mono FM receivers to receive and decode the sum signal while ignoring the difference signal, which is necessary only for

title: Interrogative word

text: Interrogative word An interrogative word or question word is a function word used to ask a question, such as "what", "when", "where", "who", "whom", "why", and "how". They are sometimes called wh-words, because in English most of them start with "wh-" (compare Five Ws). They may be used in both direct questions ("Where is he going?") and in indirect questions ("I wonder where he is going"). In English and various other languages the same forms are also used as relative pronouns in certain relative clauses ("The country where he was born") and certain adverb clauses ("I go where he goes").

title: Forward Music Group

text: the public by shooting them with water guns. They also operate a sister label called Backward Music for experimental music and work with NYC-based Bing & Ruth, Toronto producer/percussionist Joshua Van Tassel, and more. Forward Music Group Forward Music Group is a Canadian management company and independent record label based in Halifax, Nova Scotia and distributed nationally by FAB. Founded in Fredericton, New Brunswick by James Boyle, Kyle Cunjak, and Zach Atkinson in 2006, the team initially provided professional representation for Maritime musical acts, particularly those who found it difficult or impossible to release their music through the area's conventional

title: Forward chaining

text: Forward chaining Forward chaining (or forward reasoning) is one of the two main methods of reasoning when using an inference engine and can be described logically as repeated application of "modus ponens". Forward chaining is a popular implementation strategy for expert systems, business and production rule systems. The opposite of forward chaining is backward chaining. Forward chaining starts with the available data and uses inference rules to extract more data (from an end user, for example) until a goal is reached. An inference engine using forward chaining searches the inference rules until it finds one where the antecedent (If clause)

title: Backward induction

text: entrant does not enter, it does not matter what the incumbent chooses to do in the hypothetical case that the entrant does enter. Hence the strategy profile in which the incumbent fights if the entrant enters, but the entrant does not enter is also a Nash equilibrium. However, were the entrant to deviate and enter, the incumbent's best response is to accommodate—the threat of fighting is not credible. This second Nash equilibrium can therefore be eliminated by backward induction. The unexpected hanging paradox is a paradox related to backward induction. Suppose a prisoner is told that she will be hanged

title: What Is Marriage? Man and Woman: A Defense

text: Act. What Is Marriage? Man and Woman: A Defense What Is Marriage? Man and Woman: A Defense is a 2012 book about marriage by Sherif Girgis, Ryan T. Anderson, and the philosopher Robert P. George, in which the authors argue against same-sex marriage. The book is based on an academic article published in the "Harvard Journal of Law and Public Policy", a student-edited conservative journal, in 2010. One month before its publication, in November 2012, the co-authors published another article in "The Wall Street Journal" presenting the book. George, Girgis and Anderson argue against gay marriage. They suggest that marriage

text: What Is Marriage? Man and Woman: A Defense What Is Marriage? Man and Woman: A Defense is a 2012 book about marriage by Sherif Girgis, Ryan T. Anderson, and the philosopher Robert P. George, in which the authors argue against same-sex marriage. The book is based on an academic article published in the "Harvard Journal of Law and Public Policy", a student-edited conservative journal, in 2010. One month before its publication, in November 2012, the co-authors published another article in "The Wall Street Journal" presenting the book. George, Girgis and Anderson argue against gay marriage. They suggest that marriage should

title: The C Word

text: one of his sketches, "Dancing with the Hobos", which Liz criticizes, thus embarrassing him in front of everyone. Later, Liz talks to Greta Johansen (Rachel Dratch), the show's cat wrangler. At the same time, she overhears Lutz calling her the C word. Outraged by this, Liz tells Pete Hornberger (Scott Adsit) and Frank Rossitano (Judah Friedlander) about what Lutz called her and wants to fire him. Frank reveals that Lutz's poor behavior is due to the passing of his grandmother. After it is pointed out that she has been a terrible boss to the staff, Liz begins acting nice, but

title: Backward-wave oscillator

text: Backward-wave oscillator A backward wave oscillator (BWO), also called carcinotron (a trade name for tubes manufactured by CSF, now Thales) or backward wave tube, is a vacuum tube that is used to generate microwaves up to the terahertz range. It belongs to the traveling-wave tube family. It is an oscillator with a wide electronic tuning range. An electron gun generates an electron beam that is interacting with a slow-wave structure. It sustains the oscillations by propagating a traveling wave backwards against the beam. The generated electromagnetic wave power has its group velocity directed oppositely to the direction of motion of

title: A Word of Science: The First and Final Chapter

text: known to wander throughout Greater London muttering the thought-crimping vocal refrain." "A Word of Science" earned Nightmares on Wax a reputation among techno's forward-looking innovators, and is widely regarded as creating a blueprint for 1990s trip hop music in its combination of stark rhythms with funk and hip hop rhythms. The experimental-styled downtempo hip hop and electro funk of Mike Paradinas, Spacer, Luke Vibert and others have been described by Cooper as descendants of "A Word of Science". "Vibe" contributor Aidin Vaziri regards the album as a landmark release that "changed the face of downtempo electronica," while "The Fader" describes

title: The Dice Spelled Murder

text: The Dice Spelled Murder The Dice Spelled Murder, by American novelist Al Fray, was published in 1957 by Dell Publishing Company, Inc. as a Dell (paperback) First Edition. The jacket notes to Fray's subsequent novel, "Come Back for More", refer to "The Dice Spelled Murder" as a "best selling" novel. Danny is a master with the dice and Velma could con any man into anything. As a pair they cruise the California convention circuit, hustling suckers and raking in the dough. Where will their greed finally take them? To the fulfillment of their dreams? Or to sudden, violent death? Danny

title: Forward–backward algorithm

text: = no umbrella. The conditional probabilities for these occurring in each state are given by the probability matrix: We then observe the following sequence of events: {umbrella, umbrella, no umbrella, umbrella, umbrella} which we will represent in our calculations as: Note that formula_58 differs from the others because of the "no umbrella" observation. In computing the forward probabilities we begin with: which is our prior state vector indicating that we don't know which state the weather is in before our observations. While a state vector should be given as a row vector, we will use the transpose of the matrix

title: The C Word

text: this backfires when they take advantage of her. Angered by this, Liz confronts the writers about their actions, and tells Lutz she knows what he called her. Liz warns all of them that if they call her that "horrible word" she will fire them. At the same time, Kenneth Parcell (Jack McBrayer) struggles with his feelings for another page, Grace Park (Charlyne Yi) who demonstrates affection for him. Kenneth explains to Pete that he is afraid of "disgracing the peacock" by becoming romantically involved with her. Throughout the episode, it is shown to be sexually awkward for the two of

title: Valiant Is the Word for Carrie

text: that "valiant" is only one of the "words for "Carrie"; another would be "disproportionate." The picture takes too long, although doing it well, to introduce a little which is not well done at all." In 1938, the Three Stooges made a short called "Violent Is the Word for Curly", a takeoff on the name of this then-popular film. Valiant Is the Word for Carrie Valiant Is the Word for Carrie is a 1936 drama film starring Gladys George, Arline Judge and John Howard. George was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actress in 1936. The movie was directed by

title: The Dark Backward

text: score of 74/100 and describing it as "Odd and twisted, "The Dark Backward" has plenty to thrill admirers of ugliness and enough food for thought to interest the rest of us too." The Dark Backward The Dark Backward (also known as The Man with Three Arms) is a 1991 American satirical comedy film directed and written by Adam Rifkin, with special makeup effects by Alterian, Inc. Marty Malt (Judd Nelson) is an unhappy garbage man who moonlights as an atrociously unfunny standup comic. He lives in a dark, grimy, garbage-strewn urban netherworld, where a company named Blump's apparently owns everything.

title: Word (computer architecture)

text: them as "WORD" (16 bits/2 bytes), "DWORD" (32 bits/4 bytes) and "QWORD" (64 bits/8 bytes) respectively. A similar phenomenon has developed in Intel's x86 assembly language – because of the support for various sizes (and backward compatibility) in the instruction set, some instruction mnemonics carry "d" or "q" identifiers denoting "double-", "quad-" or "double-quad-", which are in terms of the architecture's original 16-bit word size. In general, new processors must use the same data word lengths and virtual address widths as an older processor to have binary compatibility with that older processor. Often carefully written source code – written with

title: What a piece of work is a man

text: lines written by Montaigne: However, rather than being a direct influence on Shakespeare, Montaigne may have merely been reacting to the same general atmosphere of the time, making the source of these lines one of context rather than direct influence. What a piece of work is a man "What a piece of work is man!" is a phrase within a soliloquy by Prince Hamlet in William Shakespeare's play of the same name. Hamlet is reflecting, at first admiringly, and then despairingly, on the human condition. The soliloquy, spoken in the play by Prince Hamlet to Rosencrantz and Guildenstern in Act

title: Forward caste

text: Forward caste Forward caste (also known as Forward Class, Forward Community, and General Class) is a term used in India to denote groups of people who do not qualify for any of the affirmative action schemes operated by the government of India. These schemes are known as Reservation Benefits. Forward castes form about 30.8 per cent of the population, the number varying by region. Those groups who qualify are listed as Other Backward castes or Scheduled castes and scheduled tribes, and they can take advantage of defined quotas amongst other benefits for education, special government schemes, government employment and political

title: Happiness Is a Four-letter Word

text: - but it all goes up in flames a few months before the wedding. With her friends Zaza and Princess, Nandi will have to find out what truly makes her happy and then fight to get it. "Happiness is a Four-Letter Word" pulled in 45,000 attendees and gross box office receipts of R2 371,782 in its opening three days. It was the best performing film of all new releases, in South Africa, on the weekend of February the 19th, and did better than international releases such as "13 Hours", "Secret Soldiers of Benghazi", "Hail Caesar!", "50 Shades of Black" and

title: The Word Is Live

text: cover of a song by The Young Rascals, and "Go Through This" and "We Can Fly From Here" from the tour to support "Drama", but which were not released on that album. The latter would eventually be reworked and released thirty-one years later in the album "Fly from Here". The title is a pun on the lyric, "(and) the word is love", from their song "Time and a Word". "The Word Is Live" (Rhino R2 78234) failed to chart in the UK or US. The Word Is Live The Word is Live is a box set by the English progressive

title: The Revival: Women and the Word

text: community and provide a special insight to the experience of queer women of color performers. Additionally, this film works to empower and raise the voices of the marginalized. Four years ago in 2012, 50 friends mostly queer and black identified gathered in a small living room in Washington, D.C. for a poetry event called The Revival. The host, a queer black woman, Jade Foster, dreamed of building a safe space where queer women and allies could celebrate being black, women, and carriers of the word. The word short for the creating of poetry. That same year in 2012, the event

text: with aliens and sex. According to Asimov the article was mostly based on "Marvel" since its contents had been the raciest. Cele Goldsmith Lalli, editor of "Amazing Stories", requested a satire of the "Playboy" article. Asimov set out to write a story telling how a sex-interested alien and humans might "really" interact. The story appeared in the March 1961 issue of "Amazing" as "Playboy and the Slime God", but when Asimov included it in his 1969 collection "Nightfall and Other Stories" he retitled it "What Is This Thing Called Love?" Goldsmith Lalli rewrote the story's last three paragraphs, a change

title: What Is a Man Without a Moustache?

text: What Is a Man Without a Moustache? What Is a Man Without a Moustache? () is a 2005 Croatian romantic comedy-drama film. Hrvoje Hribar directed the film and wrote the screenplay as an adaptation of Ante Tomić's 2000 novel of the same name. Starring Leon Lučev and Zrinka Cvitešić and set against a background of a country still recovering from the Croatian War of Independence, the film tells the story of a young widow who falls in love with a local priest and a difficult choice that the priest faces when being forced to choose between the woman and his