query: How many gallons of water are there in a cubic foot?

title: Fixture unit

text: Fixture unit In plumbing, a Fixture Unit (FU) is 'a unit of measure, based on the rate of discharge, time of operation and frequency of use of a fixture, that expresses the hydraulic load imposed by that fixture on the sanitary plumbing installation.' A Fixture Unit is not a flow rate unit but a design factor. A fixture unit is equal to one cubic foot of water drained in an 1 1/4 pipe over one minute . One cubic foot of water is roughly 7.48 gallons ( 6.25 Imperial Gallons). A Fixture Unit is used in plumbing design for both

title: Standard cubic foot

text: foot at a temperature of 21 °C (70 °F) and a pressure of 101.35 kilopascals [kPa] (14.696 psia)". Yet other definitions are in use for industrial gas, where, in the US, a standard cubic foot for industrial gas use is defined at and 14.696 psia (101.325 kPa), while in Canada, a standard cubic meter for industrial gas use is defined at and 101.325 kPa (14.696 psia). An actual volume can be converted to a standard volume using the following equation: Where, Example: How many standard cubic feet are in 1 cubic foot of gas at 80 °F and 50 psig?

title: Cubic foot

text: Cubic foot The cubic foot (symbol ft) is an imperial and US customary (non-metric) unit of volume, used in the United States, and partially in Canada, and the United Kingdom. It is defined as the volume of a cube with sides of one foot (0.3048 m) in length. Its volume is 28.3168 liters or about of a cubic meter. At , a cubic foot of water weighs . The IEEE symbol for the cubic foot is ft. The following abbreviations are used: cubicfeet, cubicfoot, cubicft, cufeet, cufoot, cuft, cu.ft, cuft, cbft, cb.ft, cbft, cbf, feet, foot, ft, feet/-3, foot/-3, ft/-3.

title: Cubic foot

text: volume at 60 degrees Fahrenheit () and 14.7 pounds per square inch (PSI) () of pressure. See Also: Standard cubic foot per minute Cubic foot The cubic foot (symbol ft) is an imperial and US customary (non-metric) unit of volume, used in the United States, and partially in Canada, and the United Kingdom. It is defined as the volume of a cube with sides of one foot (0.3048 m) in length. Its volume is 28.3168 liters or about of a cubic meter. At , a cubic foot of water weighs . The IEEE symbol for the cubic foot is ft.

title: Cubic foot

text: Larger multiples are in common usage in commerce and industry in the USA: The IEEE symbol for the cubic foot per second is ft/s. The following abbreviations are used: The IEEE symbol for the cubic foot per minute is ft/min. The following abbreviations are used: Cubic feet per minute is used to measure the amount of air that's being delivered and is a common metric used for pneumatic tools and air compressor systems. A standard cubic foot (abbreviated scf) is a measure of quantity of gas, sometimes defined in terms of standard temperature and pressure as a cubic foot of

title: Standard cubic foot

text: Standard cubic foot A standard cubic foot (scf) is a unit used both in the natural gas industry to represent an amount of natural gas and in other industries where other gases are used. It is the unit commonly used when following the US Customary System, a collection of standards set by the US National Institute of Standards and Technology. Another unit used for the same purpose is the standard cubic meter, customary when using SI units. A standard cubic foot defines a standard unit of molecular quantity for gases, and not of volume, as the name suggests. In spite

title: Standard cubic foot

text: (assuming we have 13.6 psi atmospheric pressure and ignoring super compressibility) Standard cubic foot A standard cubic foot (scf) is a unit used both in the natural gas industry to represent an amount of natural gas and in other industries where other gases are used. It is the unit commonly used when following the US Customary System, a collection of standards set by the US National Institute of Standards and Technology. Another unit used for the same purpose is the standard cubic meter, customary when using SI units. A standard cubic foot defines a standard unit of molecular quantity for

title: Standard cubic foot

text: "M's" represent one thousand thousands, or one million. Bcf (billion standard cubic feet), Tcf (trillion standard cubic feet), Qcf (quadrillion standard cubic feet), etc., are also used. The National Conference on Weights and Measures, a US-based non-profit organization working in cooperation with the US National Institute of Standards and Technology, has defined a set of standards in a regulation entitled the "Uniform Regulation for the Method of Sale of Commodities". This regulation defines a standard cubic foot, for compressed or liquefied gases in refillable cylinders "other than LPG" by, "A standard cubic foot of gas is defined as a cubic

title: Standard cubic foot

text: used are different. A standard cubic foot in the US Customary System is approximately equivalent to 0.02833 standard cubic meters in the SI system. In the natural gas industry, where quantities are often expressed in standard cubic feet, large multiples of standard cubic feet are generally not expressed with metric prefixes, but rather with prefixes based on roman numerals, where the "s" for "standard" is often omitted. Common units of gas volumes include ccf (hundred standard cubic feet), Mcf (thousand standard cubic feet), and MMcf (million standard cubic feet). The "M" refers to the Roman numeral for thousand, while two

title: Standard cubic foot

text: expressed in moles. In the US Customary System, one standard cubic foot (scf) of natural gas is the amount of natural gas contained in a cube whose edges are one foot long at a base temperature of and base pressure of . The standard cubic meter of gas (scm) is used in the context of the SI system. It similarly defined as the quantity of gas contained in a cubic meter at a temperature of and a pressure of 101.325 kPa (1 atm). Converting between these two different standard volume units is not straightforward, because the base temperature and pressure

title: Sustainable living

text: storm drains. The following equation can be used to estimate annual water supply: Collection area (square feet) × Rainfall (inch/year) / 12 (inch/foot) = Cubic Feet of Water/Year Cubic Feet/Year × 7.43 (Gallons/Cubic Foot) = Gallons/year Note, however, this calculation does not account for losses such as evaporation or leakage. Greywater systems function in sequestering used indoor water, such as laundry, bath and sink water, and filtering it for reuse. Greywater can be reused in irrigation and toilet flushing. There are two types of greywater systems: gravity fed manual systems and package systems. The manual systems do not require electricity

title: Water supply and sanitation in Panama

text: incentives to save water. Since half of urban and almost all rural users don't dispose of water meters, those users do not receive bills based on consumption. Those who have meters pay a fixed tariff for the first 8,000 gallons (30 cubic meters) each month in Panama City and for 6,000 gallons (23 cubic meters) in other cities and towns. These consumption levels are far above a basic water need of 50 liter per capita per day which corresponds to 6 cubic meters per month for a family of four. In 2012 the monthly residential water and sewer bill for

title: Cubic mile of oil

text: of oil (1.26 trillion U.S. gallons or 4.75 trillion litres) each year. Numbers of this magnitude are difficult to conceive by most people. The volume occupied by one trillion U.S. gallons is about one cubic mile. Crane felt that a cubic mile would be an easier concept for the general public than a trillion gallons. The CMO is the energy released by burning a cubic mile of oil. Conversions to other units may be calculated based on the barrel of oil equivalent (BOE), an approximation of the energy released by burning one 42-US-gallon barrel of crude oil. Since one BOE

title: Gallons per watt-hour

text: makes it easy for homeowners and plumbing professionals to quickly determine the energy efficiency of a pump. Simply stated G/Wh links efficiency and performance by illustrating how many gallons of water are pumped using one watt hour of electricity. To calculate G/Wh, take the gallons per hour (GPH) pumped, divided by the power the pump consumes in watts. GPH/W = G/Wh California Code of Regulations (CCR), Title 24, also known as the California Building Standards Code, is a compilation of three types of building standards from three different origins: Residential swimming pool standards are included in the 2008 Title-24 building

title: Water supply and sanitation in Rwanda

text: spring inventory. Total water use was estimated at 150 million cubic meters per year (5.3 billion cu ft/yr) in 2000, of which 24% (36 million m³/year or 1.27 billion cu ft/year) was for domestic uses, corresponding to only 4 cubic meters per capita per year or about 11 liters per capita per day (140 cu ft/capita/yr or about 3 U.S. gallons or 2½ imperial gallons/capita/day). Another source estimates total water use at 800 million cubic meters per year (28 billion cu ft/yr) in 1993, of which 5% (40 million m³/yr or 1.4 billion cu ft) were for domestic uses. From

title: Water pricing

text: to US$ 6,000 per cubic meter. Prices for water sold by tanker trucks in bulk, which is common in cities of some developing countries for households without access to piped water supply, are set in the market. Prices for trucked water vary between about US$1 and US$6 per cubic meter. Prices for piped water supply provided by utilities, be they publicly or privately managed, are determined administratively (see water tariffs). They vary from US$ 0.01 to almost US$ 8 per cubic meter (including sewer tariffs). Portland 2.17 gallons cost $0.01 Prices for irrigation water that is being provided by a

title: Acre-foot

text: a rule of thumb in U.S. water management, one acre-foot is taken to be the planned water usage of a suburban family household, annually. In some areas of the desert Southwest, where water conservation is followed and often enforced, a typical family uses only about 0.25 acre-foot of water per year. One acre-foot/year is approximately 893 gallons (3.38 m) per day. The acre-foot (or more specifically the time rate unit of acre-foot per year) has been used historically in the U.S. in many water-management agreements, for example the Colorado River Compact, which divides 15 million acre-feet (MAF) per year (586

title: Standard cubic foot

text: of the label "standard", there is a variety of definitions, mainly depending on the type of gas. Since, for a given volume, the quantity is proportional to the pressure and (absolute) temperature, each definition fixes base values for pressure and temperature. The ideal gas law allows then to compute the quantity per unit of volume for actual pressures and temperatures. Since natural gas is an imprecise mix of various molecular species, chiefly methane but with varying proportions of other gases, a standard cubic foot of natural gas does not represent a precise unit of mass, but only a molecular quantity,

title: Acre-foot

text: m/s) among seven western U.S. states. Water reservoir capacities in the U.S. are commonly given in thousands of acre-feet, abbreviated TAF. Elsewhere in the world, where the metric system is in common use, water volumes can be expressed in either cubic metres (as in flow rates of cubic metres/second, or "cumecs") or, for water usage, storage or irrigation volumes, in kilolitres (kL = 1 cubic metre), megalitres (ML = 1,000 cubic metres), or gigalitres (GL = 1,000,000 cubic metres). One acre-foot is approximately equivalent to 1.233 megalitres and 1,233 kilolitres. Large bodies of water may be measured in cubic kilometres

title: Immersion foot syndromes

text: and keep them dry by changing socks several times a day. After the first year of the First World War, British troops were instructed to keep at least three pairs of socks with them and to frequently change them. The use of whale oil was also successful in combating trench foot. A British battalion in front line positions could be expected to use ten gallons of whale-oil every day. Immersion foot syndromes Immersion foot syndromes are a class of foot injury caused by water absorption in the outer layer of skin. There are different subclass names for this condition based

title: Cubic inch

text: Cubic inch The cubic inch (symbol in) is a unit of measurement for volume in the Imperial units and United States customary units systems. It is the volume of a cube with each of its three dimensions (length, width, and depth) being one inch long. The cubic inch and the cubic foot are still used as units of volume in the United States, although the common SI units of volume, the liter, milliliter, and cubic meter, are also used, especially in manufacturing and high technology. One cubic inch is approximately 16.387 mL. One cubic foot is equal to exactly 1,728

title: Swimming pool sanitation

text: and the more tightly packed sand no longer works as intended . Recommended filtration for public/commercial pools are 1 ton sand per 100,000 liters water (10 ounces avdp. per cubic foot of water) [7.48 US or 6.23 UK gallons]. Introduced in the early 1900s was another type of sand filter; the 'Rapid Sand' filter, whereby water was pumped into the top of a large volume tank (3' 0" or more cube) (1 cubic yard/200US gal/170UK gal/770 liters) containing filter grade sand, and returning to the pool through a pipe at the bottom of the tank. As there is no pressure

title: Drinking water supply and sanitation in the United States

text: their income on their water and sewer bill. The mean U.S. water tariff – excluding sewer tariffs – was $2.72 per 1,000 gallons ($0.72 per cubic meter) in 2000, with significant variations between localities. Average residential water tariffs for a monthly consumption of 15 cubic meters varied between $0.35 per cubic meter in Chicago and $3.01 in Atlanta in 2007. The combined water and sewer tariff was $0.64 in Chicago and $3.01 in Atlanta, with Atlanta not charging separately for sewer services. Annual combined water and sewer bills vary between $228 in Chicago and $1,476 in Atlanta in 2008. For

title: Water supply and sanitation in Cuba

text: half of the 330 million cubic meters supplied are unaccounted for, has been estimated at 50%. This is slightly higher than the Latin American average of 40% and about twice as high as non-revenue water in many developed countries. In Havana the residential water tariff is fixed at $1 Cuban peso (USD $0.04) per cubic meter, one of the lowest water tariffs in Latin America. However, hotels and embassies are billed at $1 Cuban convertible peso (USD $1) per cubic meter. Until 1997 there was no water tariff at all. Water supply and sanitation in Cuba Water supply and sanitation

title: Water supply and sanitation in Yemen

text: the Arab world. Third, the capacity of sector institutions to plan, build, operate and maintain infrastructure remains limited. Last but not least the security situation makes it even more difficult to improve or even maintain existing levels of service. The average Yemeni has access to only 140 cubic meters of water per year (101 gallons per day) for all uses, while the Middle Eastern average is 1000 m/yr, and the internationally defined threshold for water stress is 1700 cubic meters per year. Yemen's groundwater is the main source of water in the country but the water tables have dropped severely

title: How Many Miles to Babylon?

text: How Many Miles to Babylon? "How Many Miles to Babylon" is an English language nursery rhyme. It has a Roud Folk Song Index number of 8148. The accepted modern lyrics are: <poem>How many miles to Babylon? Three score miles and ten. Can I get there by candle-light? Yes, and back again.. If your heels are nimble and your toes are light, You may get there by candle-light.</poem> A longer Scottish version has the lyrics: <poem>King and Queen of Cantelon, How many miles to Babylon? Eight and eight, and other eight. Will I get there by candle-light? If your horse be

title: Cubic ton

text: Cubic ton The cubic ton is a measure of volume (compare fluid ounce). It is no longer used in the United Kingdom but seems to be still in use in the United States. A mass-derived unit of volume must be defined by reference to the density of some material. In the case of the fluid ounce, this is water. For the cubic ton, the situation is more complex—there are different cubic tons for different materials. The 1964 Reader's Digest Great Encyclopaedic Dictionary gave the following ton-derived volumes: The nearest thing to a standard cubic ton seems to be the "timber"

title: Coachella Valley Water District

text: aquifer/groundwater basin beneath the valley floor ranging from Palm Springs to the Salton Sea and has an estimated capacity of 39.2 million acre feet (an acre foot = 325,851 gallons) down to as determined by the U. S. Geological Survey. Agricultural Irrigation. CVWD receives water from the Colorado River through the Coachella Branch of the All American Canal. Water in the canal flows entirely by gravity, dropping in elevation an average of one foot per mile. In the Coachella Valley, Colorado River water is used primarily for agricultural irrigation. There are of agricultural land irrigated with Colorado River water. The

title: Water metering

text: "clamp-on" design. Flow-through designs are those where the water passes directly through the meter, and are typically found in residential or commercial applications. Clamp-on designs are generally used for larger diameters where the sensors are mounted to the exterior of pipes, etc. Ultrasonic water meters are typically very accurate, with residential meters capable of measuring down to 0.01 gallons or 0.001 cubic feet. In addition they have wide flow measurement ranges, require little maintenance and have long lifespans due to the lack of internal mechanical components to wear out. While relatively new to the American water utility market, ultrasonic meters

title: Encina Power Station

text: to sell the water for about US $950 per acre-foot []. That compares with an average US$700 an acre-foot [1200 m³] that local agencies now pay for water." $1,000 per acre-foot works out to $3.06 for 1,000 gallons, or $.81 for 1 cubic meter, which is the unit of water measurement that residential water users are accustomed to being billed in. In November 2012, the state court of appeals affirmed the trial court's rejection of the last remaining legal challenge to the desalination project, and financing the following month. Construction began in 2013 and was 25% complete by early 2014.

title: Water supply and sanitation in Uruguay

text: on-site sanitation is used. Water and sanitation coverage in Uruguay (2004) "Source": WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme (JMP/2006). Data for water and sanitation based on the WHO World Health Survey (2003). Per capita water production is high at 411 liter/capita/day (90.4 Imperial gallons/c/d, 108.6 US gallons/c/d). Even after taking into account non-revenue water of 54%, at 183 liter/capita/day (40.3 Imperial gallons/c/d, 48.3 US gallons/c/d) it is still higher than in many European countries. However, water use is much lower than in neighboring Argentina, where metering is not widespread, while in Uruguay 96% of water connections were metered in 2004. Like many

title: Desalination

text: by raising water rates to achieve full cost recovery. A January 17, 2008, article in the "Wall Street Journal" stated, "In November, Connecticut-based Poseidon Resources Corp. won a key regulatory approval to build the $300 million water-desalination plant in Carlsbad, north of San Diego. The facility would produce 190,000 cubic metres of drinking water per day, enough to supply about 100,000 homes. As of June 2012, the cost for the desalinated water had risen to $2,329 per acre-foot. Each $1,000 per acre-foot works out to $3.06 for 1,000 gallons, or $.81 per cubic meter. Poseidon Resources made an unsuccessful attempt

title: Water management in Beijing

text: the share of surface water is much greater. In 2009 Beijing had 19 water treatment plants, including many relatively small ones that treat groundwater, while surface water treatment plants are much larger. Small to medium-sized rivers provide the remaining water resources for Beijing municipality in the amount of 1 billion cubic meter per year during the 1980s and 1990, down from about 2 billion cubic meter per year during the 1960s and 1970s for all uses, including agriculture. By comparison: The Hudson River in the United States carries almost 20 billion cubic meter in an average year, 20 times as

title: Water crisis in Iran

text: the sea and to other countries is estimated at 55.9 BCM/year. Per capita water availability in the pre-Islamic Revolution era was about 4,500 cubic meters. In 2009, this figure was less than 2,000 cubic meters. There are 42 large dams under operation in Iran with a combined storage capacity of 33 BCM/year. These dams lose about 200 million cubic meters of storage capacity every year due to sedimentation (0.5–0.75% of their storage capacity). Most dams are multi-purpose dams for hydropower, irrigation, flood control and—in some cases—drinking water supply. The total water withdrawal was estimated at about 70 BCM in 1993,

title: Nonresidential water use in the U.S.

text: total water use by elderly care buildings in the U.S. would be 296 mgd or 2.5 percent of CII use. There are 113 thousand commercial car washes in the U.S. and about 8 million cars are washed each day. Average use of fresh water to wash a car is about 38 gallons per vehicle (gpv) in automatic bay and conveyor types and about 15 gallons in self-service bays. Significantly less fresh water is needed in washes with reclaim water systems. Total estimated use of water in commercial car washes is about 2 percent of CII use. Water used in food

title: Water pouring puzzle

text: Water pouring puzzle Water pouring puzzles (also called water jug problems or measuring puzzles) are a class of puzzle involving a finite collection of water jugs of known integer capacities (in terms of a liquid measure such as liters or gallons). Initially each jug contains a known integer volume of liquid, not necessarily equal to its capacity. Puzzles of this type ask how many steps of pouring water from one jug to another (until either one jug becomes empty or the other becomes full) are needed to reach a goal state, specified in terms of the volume of liquid that

title: Micellar cubic

text: thin film samples of micellar cubic phases are viewed under a polarising microscope they appear dark and featureless. Small air bubbles trapped in these preparations tend to appear highly distorted and occasionally have faceted surfaces. Micellar cubic A micellar cubic phase is a lyotropic liquid crystal phase formed when the concentration of micelles dispersed in a solvent (usually water) is sufficiently high that they are forced to pack into a structure having long-ranged positional (translational) order. For example, spherical micelles a subic packing of a body-centred cubic lattice. Normal topology micellar cubic phases, denoted by the symbol I, are the

title: Cubic function

text: may equal each other if they are real, and two of which may be complex non-real numbers) and at least one real solution , this last assertion being a consequence of the intermediate value theorem. If is factored out of the cubic polynomial, what remains is a quadratic polynomial whose roots and are roots of the cubic; by the quadratic formula, these roots are either both real (giving a total of three real roots for the cubic) or are complex conjugates, in which case the cubic has one real and two non-real roots. It was explained above how to use

title: Cubic function

text: The cubic function has point symmetry about its inflection point. All of the above assumes that the coefficients are real as well as the variable . This section is about how to solve the cubic equation using various methods. For details and proofs see . The general cubic equation has the form: with . The algebraic solution of the cubic equation can be derived in a number of different ways. (See for example Cardano's method and Vieta's method below.) The numbers of real and complex roots are determined by the discriminant of the cubic equation, It turns out that: The

title: How many angels can dance on the head of a pin?

text: about how many could perch at the same time on the head of a pin"". Dorothy L. Sayers argued that the question was "simply a debating exercise" and that the answer "usually adjudged correct" was stated as, "Angels are pure intelligences, not material, but limited, so that they have location in space, but not extension." Sayers compares the question to that of how many people's thoughts can be concentrated upon a particular pin at the same time. She concludes that infinitely many angels can be located on the head of a pin, since they do not occupy any space there:

title: Cubic field

text: precisely when the field is totally real, and negative if it is a complex cubic field. Given some real number "N" > 0 there are only finitely many cubic fields "K" whose discriminant "D" satisfies |"D"| ≤ "N". Formulae are known which calculate the prime decomposition of "D", and so it can be explicitly calculated. However, it should be pointed out that, different from quadratic fields, several non-isomorphic cubic fields "K", ..., "K" may share the same discriminant "D". The number "m" of these fields is called the multiplicity of the discriminant "D". Some small examples are "m" = 2

title: Water supply and sanitation in Nigeria

text: River in the 1970s. The biggest plant so far was commissioned in 1991 in Adiyan with a capacity of 70m gallons per day. It also draws from the Owo River. There are also seven mini-waterworks drawing from local sources with a combined capacity of 18m gallons per day. The Lagos Water Corporation states that the water produced in the plant meets the highest standards, and that it supplies "safe drinking water in sufficient and regular quantity to over 12.5 million people in Lagos State". However, water is often contaminated in the distribution network and people distrust tap water quality. Electricity

title: Water conservation

text: to a certain level in order for recycled water to not pose a threat to human populations. Further research is necessary to determine more accurate methods of assessing the level of pathogenic viruses in treated wastewater. Wasting of water (also called "water waste" in the U.S.) is the flip side of water conservation and, in household applications, it means causing or permitting discharge of water without any practical purpose. Inefficient water use is also considered wasteful. By EPA estimate, household leaks in the U.S. can waste approximately 900 billion gallons (3.4 billion cubic meters) of water annually nationwide. Generally, water

title: Water supply and sanitation in Gibraltar

text: sources conflict on exactly how much groundwater was available in Gibraltar. A 17th-century Spanish writer, Alonso Hernández del Portillo, asserts that "the city contained many tides and fountains of very sweet and healthy water" and that "fountains of fresh water could be seen spouting out of the sea near the foot of the Rock", possibly referring to a spring at a fault called the Orillon (at the site of the later Orillon Batteries) in the north-west face of the Rock. By the mid-19th century, however, the British writer Frederick Sayer was reporting that "there are no springs of pure fresh

title: A Foot in Coldwater

text: / How Much Can You Take DFS 1040 1973 So Long / Who Can Stop Us Now DFS 1046 1973 (Make Me Do) Anything You Want / Para-Dice DFS 1058 1974 I Know What You Need / He's Always There (Watching You) DIL 1065 1974 Midnight Lady / All Around Us DFS 1216-1068 1975 Keep A Candle Burning / It's Only Love DFS 1087 1976 Breaking Through / Play My Guitar ANS 002 1977 A Foot in Coldwater A Foot in Coldwater, also known as AFIC, was a Canadian rock band band of the 1970s and 1980s. Its original lineup

title: Micellar cubic

text: Micellar cubic A micellar cubic phase is a lyotropic liquid crystal phase formed when the concentration of micelles dispersed in a solvent (usually water) is sufficiently high that they are forced to pack into a structure having long-ranged positional (translational) order. For example, spherical micelles a subic packing of a body-centred cubic lattice. Normal topology micellar cubic phases, denoted by the symbol I, are the first lyotropic liquid crystalline phases that are formed by type I amphiphiles. The amphiphiles' hydrocarbon tails are contained on the inside of the micelle and hence the polar-apolar interface of the aggregates has a positive

title: Los Angeles Department of Water and Power

text: year, 160 billion US gallons (606 million cubic meters) of water. By the middle of the 19th century, Los Angeles's rapid population growth magnified problems with the city's water distribution system. At that time a system of open ditches, often polluted, was reasonably effective at supplying water to agriculture but was not suited to providing water to homes. In 1853, the city council rejected as "excessive" a closed-pipe system that would serve homes directly. As a solution, the city allowed "water carriers with jugs and horse-drawn wagons…to serve the city's domestic [water] needs." It took until 1857 for the council

title: Kielder Water

text: Kielder Water Kielder Water is a large man-made reservoir in Northumberland in North East England. It is the largest artificial lake in the United Kingdom by capacity of water and it is surrounded by Kielder Forest, one of the biggest man-made woodland in Europe. The scheme was planned in the late 1960s to satisfy an expected rise in demand for water to support a booming UK industrial economy. Kielder Water is owned by Northumbrian Water, and holds 200 billion litres (44 billion gallons, or 0.2 cubic km), making it the largest artificial reservoir in the UK by capacity (Rutland Water

title: National Ignition Facility

text: addition to its sheer size, building NIF presented a number of unique challenges. To isolate the laser system from vibration, the foundation of each laser bay was made independent of the rest of the structure. Three-foot-thick, 420-foot-long and 80-foot-wide slabs, each containing 3,800 cubic yards of concrete, required continuous concrete pours to achieve their specifications. There were also unexpected challenges to cope with: In November, 1997, an El Niño weather front dumped two inches of rain in two hours, flooding the NIF site with 200,000 gallons of water just three days before the scheduled concrete foundation pour. The earth was

title: Water supply and sanitation in Egypt

text: a 2009 study by GIZ, tariffs at the time varied between 0.04 EUR per m in Gharbiya Governorate to 0.07 EUR per m in Alexandria. Coca-Cola paid 3 Egyptian Pounds per cubic meter in Alexandria in 2012. Tariff structure. There are numerous customer classifications resulting in complex tariffs that vary, among others, depending on the customer's line of business, the effluent produced by the customer, the seasonality of water use, and a customer's distance from the water mains. Many water tariffs are uniform, i.e. the same tariff applies for each unit of consumption, if the water use is metered at

title: Cubic plane curve

text: curve, over any field "K" for which it has a point defined. Elliptic curves are now normally studied in some variant of Weierstrass's elliptic functions, defining a quadratic extension of the field of rational functions made by extracting the square root of a cubic. This does depend on having a "K"-rational point, which serves as the point at infinity in Weierstrass form. There are many cubic curves that have no such point, for example when "K" is the rational number field. The singular points of an irreducible plane cubic curve are quite limited: one double point, or one cusp. A

title: Water supply and sanitation in Italy

text: investments were historically financed by local taxes or by cross-subsidies from local energy utilities. In line with government policy, between 2004 and 2014 water tariffs in some cities increased, for example from 1.20 to 1.60 Euro per cubic meter in Florence. However, many local politicians are reluctant to raise water tariffs, even if such increases are foreseen in the business plans of regional utilities. Water tariffs thus remain much lower than in the UK, France, Germany or Austria. The average water bill of a household using 100 cubic meters per year was only 11 Euro per month in 2011, according

title: Water in California

text: rice with 8% of water use and 2% of revenue (despite its lack of water, California grows nearly of rice per year, and is the second largest rice-growing state), and truck farming of vegetables and nursery crops with 4% of water use and 42% of revenue; head of broccoli: 5.4 gallons; one walnut: 4.9 gallons; head of lettuce: 3.5 gallons; one tomato: 3.3 gallons; one almond 1.1 gallon; one pistachio: 0.75 gallon; one strawberry 0.4 gallon; one grape: 0.3 gallon. Horses, based on the amount of alfalfa they eat, use about of water – about 7% of irrigated water in

title: Water supply and sanitation in Germany

text: flushed occasionally with injected drinking water in order to prevent stagnation of raw sewage. On the health side, there are concerns about potable water contamination due to low flows. On the environmental side, in some cities such as Berlin water tables are rising and cause damage to the foundations of buildings because of decreased pumping of groundwater by utilities. Water is not scarce in Germany, except for occasional localized droughts. Public water utilities abstract only 3 percent of total renewable water resources in Germany, or 5.4 billion cubic metres out of 182 billion cubic metres annually. The sources of public

title: Water vapor

text: water vapor is equal to the equilibrium vapor pressure. This condition is often referred to as complete saturation. Humidity ranges from 0 gram per cubic metre in dry air to 30 grams per cubic metre (0.03 ounce per cubic foot) when the vapor is saturated at 30 °C. Sublimation is when water molecules directly leave the surface of ice without first becoming liquid water. Sublimation accounts for the slow mid-winter disappearance of ice and snow at temperatures too low to cause melting. Antarctica shows this effect to a unique degree because it is by far the continent with the lowest

title: Cubic graph

text: Cubic graph In the mathematical field of graph theory, a cubic graph is a graph in which all vertices have degree three. In other words, a cubic graph is a 3-regular graph. Cubic graphs are also called trivalent graphs. A bicubic graph is a cubic bipartite graph. In 1932, Ronald M. Foster began collecting examples of cubic symmetric graphs, forming the start of the Foster census. Many well-known individual graphs are cubic and symmetric, including the utility graph, the Petersen graph, the Heawood graph, the Möbius–Kantor graph, the Pappus graph, the Desargues graph, the Nauru graph, the Coxeter graph, the

title: Cubic graph

title: Ingleton Coalfield

text: house at New Winning where he sank a new shaft for a pit that was worked from 1834 to 1857. A new colliery was started at Wilson Wood to mine the Four Foot, Yard, and Six Foot seams. Its shaft was 180 feet deep, and the coal seams were inclined at 16 degrees. A steam engine pumped 560 gallons of water a minute from the shaft and 20,000 cubic feet of air circulated through the workings. On a 400-yard tramway, trains of seven tubs were pulled by ponies. There was a 100-yard inclined plane rising at an angle of 1

title: Micellar cubic

text: mean curvature, by definition (it curves away from the polar phase). Inverse topology micellar cubic phases (such as the Fd3m phase) are observed for some type II amphiphiles at very high amphiphile concentrations. These aggregates, in which water is the minority phase, have a polar-apolar interface with a negative mean curvature. The structures of the normal topology micellar cubic phases that are formed by some types of amphiphiles (e.g. the oligoethyleneoxide monoalkyl ether series of non-ionic surfactants are the subject of debate. Micellar cubic phases are isotropic phases, but are distinguished from micellar solutions by their very high viscosity. When

title: Water metering

text: Water metering Water metering is the process of measuring water use. In many developed countries water meters are used to measure the volume of water used by residential and commercial buildings that are supplied with water by a public water supply system. Water meters can also be used at the water source, well, or throughout a water system to determine flow through a particular portion of the system. In most of the world water meters measure flow in cubic metres (m) or litres but in the USA and some other countries water meters are calibrated in cubic feet (ft.) or

title: Cubic graph

text: and Plummer conjectured that every cubic bridgeless graph has an exponential number of perfect matchings. The conjecture was recently proved, showing that every cubic bridgeless graph with "n" vertices has at least 2 perfect matchings. Several researchers have studied the complexity of exponential time algorithms restricted to cubic graphs. For instance, by applying dynamic programming to a path decomposition of the graph, Fomin and Høie showed how to find their maximum independent sets in time 2. The travelling salesman problem in cubic graphs can be solved in time O(1.2312) and polynomial space. Several important graph optimization problems are APX hard,

text: of coal. In 2013, LADWP announced it would become coal-free by 2025 by divesting its 21% stake in Navajo Generating Station in 2016 and converting the Intermountain Power Plant to run on natural gas. The LADWP provided more than 200 billion US gallons (760 million cubic meters) of water in 2003, pumping it through of pipe. In fiscal year 2004–2005: The use of water from specific sources can vary greatly from year to year. The prospect of increased demand coupled with reduced supply from the Mono and Owens basins is causing the LADWP look into a number of new water

title: Water supply and sanitation in Lebanon

text: groundwater or surface water in the above estimate. There are over 2,000 springs with a flow of 1.15 billion cubic meters, sustaining a perennial flow for 17 of the total of 40 major streams in the country. Springs and groundwater are today by far the main sources for drinking water supply in Lebanon. For example, the city of Sidon has an abundance of natural wells supplying three times more water than the current needs of the city. The main rivers that flow entirely inside Lebanon are the Litani river (average annual flow of 0.79 million cubic meter), the Ibrahim River

title: 5-cubic honeycomb

text: 5-cubic honeycomb The 5-cubic honeycomb or penteractic honeycomb is the only regular space-filling tessellation (or honeycomb) in Euclidean 5-space. Four 5-cubes meet at each cubic cell, and it is more explicitly called an "order-4 penteractic honeycomb". It is analogous to the square tiling of the plane and to the cubic honeycomb of 3-space, and the tesseractic honeycomb of 4-space. There are many different Wythoff constructions of this honeycomb. The most symmetric form is regular, with Schläfli symbol {4,3,4}. Another form has two alternating 5-cube facets (like a checkerboard) with Schläfli symbol {4,3,3,3}. The lowest symmetry Wythoff construction has 32 types

title: Eindhoven Water Towers

text: tank is in diameter, capable of holding 500 cubic meters of water (132.086 US gallons). The innovative design of three tank-towers together created the largest water tower complex in the Netherlands. Eindhoven Water Towers The Eindhoven Water Towers in Eindhoven, Netherlands, were designed by W.G. Quist (Chief Government Architect of the Netherlands, 1974–1979) and built in 1970. In the late sixties the older water tower on Elschot Willemlaan proved to be inadequate. Due to its lack of capacity and general deterioration, the tower could no longer meet the growing demand. Thus it was decided that a new one should be

title: Water heating

text: Code reference shower flow rate is per minute. Sink and dishwasher usages range from per minute. Natural gas in the US is measured in CCF (100 cubic feet), which is converted to a standardized energy unit called the therm, which is equal to 100,000 British thermal units (BTU). A BTU is the energy required to raise one pound of water by one degree Fahrenheit. A US gallon of water weighs . To raise 60 gallons of water from to requires , or approximately 0.359 CCF (35,856/100,000), at 88% efficiency. A 157,000 BTU/h heater (as might exist in a tankless heater)

title: Actual cubic feet per minute

text: at normal conditions, such as 14.7 psia, 68°F, 36% relative humidity. However, there is no agreed upon definition for what constitutes normal conditions. Free air delivery (FAD) indicates delivered air, referred to as "free air", at inlet conditions. Ratings found in centrifugal fan performance tables and curves are based on standard cubic feet per minute (SCFM). Fan manufacturers define standard air as clean, dry air with a density of 0.075 pounds mass per cubic foot, with the atmospheric pressure at sea level of 29.92 inches of mercury and a temperature of 70°F. Selecting a centrifugal fan to operate at conditions

title: Cubic crystal system

text: the rock-salt structure, the two atom types form two interpenetrating face-centered cubic lattices. However, it differs from rock-salt structure in how the two lattices are positioned relative to one another. The zincblende structure has tetrahedral coordination: Each atom's nearest neighbors consist of four atoms of the opposite type, positioned like the four vertices of a regular tetrahedron. Altogether, the arrangement of atoms in zincblende structure is the same as diamond cubic structure, but with alternating types of atoms at the different lattice sites. Examples of compounds with this structure include zincblende itself, lead(II) nitrate, many compound semiconductors (such as gallium

title: Water supply and sanitation in the Philippines

text: rivers, lakes, river basins, and groundwater reservoirs. The longest and largest river, Cagayan River, discharges approximately 53, 943 million cubic meters of water annually. Its groundwater reserves are 47, 895 million cubic meters replenished by rainfall and seepage from rivers and lakes. The lakes are utilized mainly for fish cultivation. The four major groundwater reservoirs are in Cagayan, Central Luzon, Agusan, and Cotabato. There are 438 major dams and 423 smaller dams. Dams and reservoirs are mainly used for: water storage, water supply, irrigation, regulation of flood, and hydropower. The Manila metropolitan area water is mostly supplied by the Angat

title: CUBIC

text: solutions, altogether taking one to two weeks. First solution, referred as ScaleCUBIC-1, CUBIC-1 or just reagent-1, is composed of N,N,N’,N’-tetrakis(2-hydroxypropyl)ethylenediamine (commercially under name Quadrol), urea and Triton X-100 in water. Second solution, referred as ScaleCUBIC-2, CUBIC-2 or just reagent-2, is composed of urea and sucrose in water. This original protocol is slightly modified in different applications, namely in concentrations, incubation times or some components of solutions. The CUBIC protocol can be also combined with perfusion and provide whole organ and whole body clearing of rodents. Besides its use as standalone protocol for clearing, CUBIC-based composition of reagents can be used

title: Peak water

text: "New York Times" similarly suggested that people would respond to higher water prices by using less of it, just as they respond to higher gasoline prices by using less of it. The "Christian Science Monitor" has also reported on arguments that higher water prices curb waste and consumption. Conversely, certain subsidies can lead to inefficient use of water. Water subsidies often involve contentious policy issues that are political in nature. In 2004, the Environmental Working Group criticized the United States government for selling subsidized water to corporate farms for an average price of only $17 per acre foot (326,000 gallons).

title: Water supply and sanitation in Panama

text: a consumption of 30 cubic meters was 7.92 Balboas in Panama City (0.26 Cents per cubic meter) and 6.56 Balboas in other cities (0.29 Cents per cubic meter). This compares to USD 3 per cubic meter for residential water use in, for example, Chicago. As of 2016, water users had accumulated substantial arrears in water bill payments to IDAAN. The utility is owed $104 million USD in past-due bills, of which $79 million USD is from residential customers, $16 million USD from public agencies and $10 million USD from businesses. IDAAN has disconnected many customers in an effort to secure

title: Cubic function

text: Cardano's. By drawing attention to a geometrical problem that involves two cubes of different size Cardano explains in his book "Ars Magna" how he arrived at the idea of considering the unknown of the cubic equation as a sum of two other quantities. Lagrange's method may also be applied directly to the general cubic equation (), , without using the reduction to the depressed cubic equation (), . Nevertheless, the computation is much easier with this reduced equation. Suppose that , and are the roots of equation () or (), and define (a complex cube root of , i.e. a

title: Water supply and sanitation in Lebanon

text: Syria, the country's per capita renewable water resources are below the threshold of water poverty set at 1,000 cubic meter per capita and year. Only part of the floodwater in rivers can be captured economically in dams, and some groundwater flows unused to the sea. Furthermore, 0.51 billion cubic meters of water flow to Syria in an average year, and 0.16 billion cubic meters to Israel. After subtraction of these amounts, 2.6 billion cubic meters of water are available in an average year, or about per capita. It is not clear if water from springs is counted as part of

title: Cubic harmonic

text: part of the d-orbitals are often expressed like The angular part of the d-orbitals are the cubic harmonics formula_23 with The seven f-orbitals are atomic orbitals with an angular momentum quantum number ℓ = 3. often expressed like The angular part of the f-orbitals are the cubic harmonics formula_31. In many cases different linear combinations of spherical harmonics are chosen to construct a cubic f-orbital basis set. with Cubic harmonic In fields like computational chemistry and solid-state and condensed matter physics the so-called atomic orbitals, or spin-orbitals, as they appear in textbooks on quantum physics, are often partially replaced by

title: I Belong to You/How Many Ways

text: Awards. "How Many Ways" was co-written by Braxton herself and sampled the song "God Make Me Funky" by The Headhunters featuring Pointer Sisters. The protagonist of the composition, co-written by Braxton herself, declares there are many ways in which she loves her man. The music video for "How Many Ways" features Braxton and Shemar Moore riding in a car, frolicking in a playground, and on a veranda. A remix produced by R. Kelly also was released to radio and music television stations. "I Belong to You/How Many Ways" peaked at number 28 on January 21, 1995. I Belong to You/How

title: Gram per cubic centimetre

text: 0.01602 g/cm (approximately) 1 oz/gal ≈ 0.00749 g/cm (approximately) Gram per cubic centimetre Gram per cubic centimetre is a unit of density in the CGS system, commonly used in chemistry, defined as mass in grams divided by volume in cubic centimetres. The official SI symbols are g/cm, g·cm, or g cm. It is equivalent to the units gram per millilitre (g/mL) and kilogram per litre (kg/L). The density of water is about 1 g/cm, since the gram was originally defined as the mass of one cubic centimetre of water at its maximum density at 4 °C. 1 g/cm is equivalent

title: Gram per cubic centimetre

text: Gram per cubic centimetre Gram per cubic centimetre is a unit of density in the CGS system, commonly used in chemistry, defined as mass in grams divided by volume in cubic centimetres. The official SI symbols are g/cm, g·cm, or g cm. It is equivalent to the units gram per millilitre (g/mL) and kilogram per litre (kg/L). The density of water is about 1 g/cm, since the gram was originally defined as the mass of one cubic centimetre of water at its maximum density at 4 °C. 1 g/cm is equivalent to: 1 kg/m = 0.001 g/cm(exactly) 1 lb/ft ≈

title: How Many Licks?

text: VH1 wrote that the single and other tracks from "The Notorious K.I.M." have a "glossier and far more commercial" sound than the rapper's previous releases. The lyrics of "How Many Licks?" are part of a movement in 1990s hip hop music to express sexuality positively. Sexuality studies professor Thomas A. Foster wrote that Lil' Kim reverses a trend in hip hop music which objectifies women for the male gaze and celebrates male sexuality. Gender studies scholar Aine McGlynn described "How Many Licks?" as one of the most sexually-explicit songs to receive airplay. The lyrics describe a woman's interest in oral

title: 8-cubic honeycomb

text: 8-cubic honeycomb The 8-cubic honeycomb or octeractic honeycomb is the only regular space-filling tessellation (or honeycomb) in Euclidean 8-space. It is analogous to the square tiling of the plane and to the cubic honeycomb of 3-space, and the tesseractic honeycomb of 4-space. There are many different Wythoff constructions of this honeycomb. The most symmetric form is regular, with Schläfli symbol {4,3,4}. Another form has two alternating hypercube facets (like a checkerboard) with Schläfli symbol {4,3,3}. The lowest symmetry Wythoff construction has 256 types of facets around each vertex and a prismatic product Schläfli symbol {∞}. The [4,3,4], , Coxeter group

title: 7-cubic honeycomb

text: 7-cubic honeycomb The 7-cubic honeycomb or hepteractic honeycomb is the only regular space-filling tessellation (or honeycomb) in Euclidean 7-space. It is analogous to the square tiling of the plane and to the cubic honeycomb of 3-space. There are many different Wythoff constructions of this honeycomb. The most symmetric form is regular, with Schläfli symbol {4,3,4}. Another form has two alternating 7-cube facets (like a checkerboard) with Schläfli symbol {4,3,3}. The lowest symmetry Wythoff construction has 128 types of facets around each vertex and a prismatic product Schläfli symbol {∞}. The [4,3,4], , Coxeter group generates 255 permutations of uniform tessellations,

title: 6-cubic honeycomb

text: 6-cubic honeycomb The 6-cubic honeycomb or hexeractic honeycomb is the only regular space-filling tessellation (or honeycomb) in Euclidean 6-space. It is analogous to the square tiling of the plane and to the cubic honeycomb of 3-space. There are many different Wythoff constructions of this honeycomb. The most symmetric form is regular, with Schläfli symbol {4,3,4}. Another form has two alternating 6-cube facets (like a checkerboard) with Schläfli symbol {4,3,3}. The lowest symmetry Wythoff construction has 64 types of facets around each vertex and a prismatic product Schläfli symbol {∞}. The [4,3,4], , Coxeter group generates 127 permutations of uniform tessellations,

title: Immersion foot syndromes

text: Immersion foot syndromes Immersion foot syndromes are a class of foot injury caused by water absorption in the outer layer of skin. There are different subclass names for this condition based on the temperature of the water to which the foot is exposed. These include trench foot, tropical immersion foot, and warm water immersion foot. In one 3-day military study, it was found that submersion in water allowing for a higher skin temperature resulted in worse skin maceration and pain. "Trench foot " is a medical condition caused by prolonged exposure of the feet to damp, unsanitary, and cold conditions.

title: Water resources of China

text: of surface and groundwater, and thus is only 2,821.4 cubic kilometers. 80% of these resources are in the South of China. Total water withdrawals were estimated at 554 cubic kilometers in 2005, or about 20% of renewable resources. Demand is from the following sectors: In 2006 626,000 square kilometers were irrigated. Over-extraction of groundwater and falling water tables are big problems in China, particularly in the north. According to the Ministry of Construction, preliminary statistics show that there are more than 160 areas nationwide where groundwater has been over-exploited with an average annual groundwater depletion of more than 10 billion

title: How Many Licks?

text: cover version of "How Many Licks?", which Josh Middleton of the "Philadelphia" praised as "outstanding". Credits adapted from the liner notes of "The Notorious K.I.M.". How Many Licks? "How Many Licks?" is a song by American rapper Lil' Kim featuring vocals by American musician Sisqó from her second studio album, "The Notorious K.I.M." (2000). It was released as the record's second single in 2000. Mario Winans and Sean Combs produced "How Many Licks?", and wrote it with Lil' Kim and Sisqó. The hip hop song samples the "Knight Rider" theme song, with lyrics expressing a woman's desire for oral sex

title: Cubic graph

text: conjecture, a still-open combination of Tait's and Tutte's conjecture, states that every bicubic polyhedral graph is Hamiltonian. When a cubic graph is Hamiltonian, LCF notation allows it to be represented concisely. If a cubic graph is chosen uniformly at random among all "n"-vertex cubic graphs, then it is very likely to be Hamiltonian: the proportion of the "n"-vertex cubic graphs that are Hamiltonian tends to one in the limit as "n" goes to infinity. David Eppstein conjectured that every "n"-vertex cubic graph has at most 2 (approximately 1.260) distinct Hamiltonian cycles, and provided examples of cubic graphs with that many

title: Drafting water

text: are often seen carrying two or three 10-foot (3 m) lengths of suction hose, but the longer the lift, the lower the flow, for a fixed-diameter suction hose and a given pump. Multiple relays could be used if the need arises, with a suction pump drafting up to 10 metres (30 ft) and discharging at great distances. It is also possible to use a gravity siphon to draft water for a small lift, and this technique is often used in forest fire suppression, where portable reservoirs of 1,000 to 3,000 US gallons (5 to 10 m³) are filled with water

title: Cubic centimetre

text: Cubic centimetre A cubic centimetre (or cubic centimeter in US English) (SI unit symbol: cm; non-SI abbreviations: cc and ccm) is a commonly used unit of volume that extends the derived SI-unit cubic metre, and corresponds to the volume of a cube that measures 1 cm × 1 cm × 1 cm. One cubic centimetre corresponds to a volume of of a cubic metre, or of a litre, or one millilitre; thus, 1 cm ≡ 1 mL. The mass of one cubic centimetre of water at 3.98 °C (the temperature at which it attains its maximum density) is closely equal

title: Cubic centimetre

title: United States customary units

text: kerosene, and 42 gal for petroleum. The general standard for liquids is 31.5 gal or half a hogshead. The common 55 gallon size of drum for storing and transporting various products and wastes is sometimes confused with a barrel, though it is not a standard measure. In the U.S., single servings of beverages are usually measured in fluid ounces. Milk is usually sold in half pints (8 fluid ounces), pints, quarts, half gallons, and gallons. Water volume for sinks, bathtubs, ponds, swimming pools, etc., is usually stated in gallons or cubic feet. Quantities of gases are usually given in cubic

title: Cubic honeycomb

text: translational cube with vertices positioned: taking two corner, ne face center, and the cube center. The edge colors and labels specify how many cells exist around the edge. It is related to a skew apeirohedron with vertex configuration 4.4.6.6, with the octagons and some of the squares removed. It can be seen as constructed by augmenting truncated cuboctahedral cells, or by augmenting alternated truncated octahedra and cubes. The alternated cantitruncated cubic honeycomb or snub rectified cubic honeycomb contains three types of cells: snub cubes, icosahedra (snub tetrahedron), and tetrahedra. In addition the gaps created at the alternated vertices form tetrahedral

title: Greater Winnipeg Water District aqueduct

text: Greater Winnipeg Water District aqueduct The Greater Winnipeg Water District Aqueduct supplies the city of Winnipeg, Manitoba with water from Shoal Lake, Ontario. It was put in service in 1919 and cost nearly CDN $16 million. It has a capacity of 85 million Imperial gallons per day (4.4 cubic metres per second) and extends approximately 96 miles (153 kilometres) from an intake structures on Shoal Lake to the Deacon Reservoir on the east side of the city. Water flows by gravity from the lake, since the aqueduct drops about 300 feet (90 metres) over its length. The Greater Winnipeg Water

title: Water supply and sanitation in Burkina Faso

text: 4 BCM in a dry year. The lower figure corresponds to less than 300 cubic meters per capita and year, which is well below the level of 1,000 cubic meters per capita and year that is considered the threshold for “water stress”. Groundwater is unevenly distributed and can only be extracted in certain areas, specifically in weathered areas above the bedrock and fractured zones. Even there yields are limited to about 10 m3/day per borehole, which is barely enough to supply a small village with water. Water use. Water use in 2000 was 0.7 BCM or less than 10% of

title: Residential water use in the U.S. and Canada

text: Colorado, Georgia and Texas) have a flushing volume that exceeds 1.6 gallons/flush. In an average home, showering is the second largest water use after toilets. The average shower uses 15.8 gallons (59.7 liters) and lasts for 7.7 minutes at average flow rate of 2.1 gallons per minute (gpm) (7.9 liters per minute). On average, in a household of average size (2.65 persons) 12.4 showers are taken each week. For comparison, a navy shower lasts only 2 minutes and can use less than 3 gallons (11.4 liters) of water. The most water-frugal approach is used by the crew of the International

title: How Many Licks?

text: "a celebration of autonomous female sexuality" to a "vulgar, demeaning moment of black female objectification". Some critics compared "How Many Licks?" to Trinidadian-American rapper Nicki Minaj's 2014 single, "Anaconda". Alex Kristelis of "Bustle" noted that both songs focused on men's appreciation of the singer's body. A "Khaleej Times" writer called "Anaconda" a "blatant copy" of "How Many Licks?", with Minaj's song sharing "the lyrical blue print and theme" of Lil' Kim's. "Westword"'s Cory Lamz wrote that Minaj parodied "How Many Licks?" and its associated visuals in the music video for her 2011 single "Stupid Hoe". According to Michael Arceneaux, "How

title: Cubic function

text: the function is zero. The critical points of a cubic function defined by , occur at values of such that the derivative of the cubic function is zero: The solutions of that equation are the critical points of the cubic equation and are given, using the quadratic formula, by The expression inside of the square root, determines what type of critical points the function has. If , then the cubic function has a local maximum and a local minimum. If , then the cubic's inflection point is the only critical point. If , then there are no critical points. In

title: Water tender

text: rapid connection. Most water tenders are designed to carry loads of 1000 gallons (approx. 3800 litres) or more. In the US, 1000 gallons is the requirement in the NFPA standards. Some may carry up to or even upwards of 5000 gallons (approx. 19,000 litres) of water – even more with a trailer. Typically water tenders support engines and/or trucks like aerials in fires. Water tenders can be used also in chemical accidents, to clean highways after collisions, or pump water in floods. Some water tenders carry fire fighting equipment and crew much like an engine. These water tenders are able

title: Snowmaking

text: significantly jeopardizing public safety. The severity of these hazards is augmented due to their potential impact on lower populations and properties. Snowmaking machines generally require between 3,000-4,000 cubic meters of water per hectare of slope covered. Accordingly, it takes approximately 106 gallons of water to produce one cubic meter of snow, and snowmaking machines use about 107 gallons of water per minute. A significant amount of this water is lost due to evaporation, and thus is not returned to the water table. Furthermore, it takes approximately 3.5 to 4.3 kWh of energy to produce one cubic meter of snow, however

title: Cubic zirconia

text: technique first applied to quartz and topaz has also been adapted to cubic zirconia: vacuum-sputtering an extremely thin layer of a precious metal (typically gold) or even certain metal oxides or nitrides amongst other coatings onto the finished stones creates an iridescent effect. This material is marketed as "mystic" by many dealers. Unlike diamond-like carbon and other hard synthetic ceramic coatings, the effect is not durable with decorative precious metal coatings due to their extremely low hardness compared to the substrate along with poor abrasion wear properties. There are a few key features of cubic zirconia which distinguish it from

title: Water flow test

text: Water flow test A water flow test is a way to measure the water supply available at a building site, usually for the purposes of installing a water based fire protection system (fire sprinkler system). The most common test involves measuring the flow of water flowing out of a municipal fire hydrant (measured in gallons per minute) while recording how much the water pressure has dropped (from no water flow to test flow). When the results are collected carefully, formulas can be applied to figure the varying pressure(s) that will be available when different amounts of water flow are used