query: What is the density of water?

title: Relative density

text: the reference. (By convention "ρ", the Greek letter rho, denotes density.) The reference material can be indicated using subscripts: "RD", which means "the relative density of "substance" with respect to "reference"". If the reference is not explicitly stated then it is normally assumed to be water at 4 °C (or, more precisely, 3.98 °C, which is the temperature at which water reaches its maximum density). In SI units, the density of water is (approximately) 1000 kg/m or 1 g/cm, which makes relative density calculations particularly convenient: the density of the object only needs to be divided by 1000 or 1,

title: Relative density

text: °C) but referenced to the density of water at 4 °C which is very close to the temperature at which water has its maximum density of "ρ"() equal to 0.999972 g/cm (or 62.43 lb·ft). The ASBC table in use today in North America, while it is derived from the original Plato table is for apparent relative density measurements at (20 °C/20 °C) on the IPTS-68 scale where the density of water is 0.9982071 g/cm. In the sugar, soft drink, honey, fruit juice and related industries sucrose concentration by mass is taken from this work which uses SG (17.5 °C/17.5 °C).

title: Density logging

text: highly variable, depending on depositional environment, overburden pressure, type of clay mineral and many other factors. It can vary from 2.1 (montmorillonite) to 2.76 (chlorite) so this tool is not as useful for determining their porosity. A fluid bulk density formula_9 of 1 g/cm³ is appropriate where the water is fresh but highly saline water has a slightly higher density and lower values should be used for hydrocarbon reservoirs, depending on the hydrocarbon density and residual saturation. In some applications hydrocarbons are indicated by the presence of abnormally high log porosities. Sonic logging Density logging Density logging is a well

title: Relative density

text: the densities are equal; that is, equal volumes of the two substances have the same mass. If the reference material is water then a substance with a relative density (or specific gravity) less than 1 will float in water. For example, an ice cube, with a relative density of about 0.91, will float. A substance with a relative density greater than 1 will sink. Temperature and pressure must be specified for both the sample and the reference. Pressure is nearly always 1 atm (101.325 kPa). Where it is not, it is more usual to specify the density directly. Temperatures for

title: Medium-density polyethylene

text: Medium-density polyethylene Medium-density polyethylene (MDPE) is a type of polyethylene defined by a density range of 0.926–0.940 g/cm. It is less dense than HDPE, which is more common. MDPE can be produced by chromium/silica catalysts, Ziegler-Natta catalysts or metallocene catalysts. MDPE has good shock and drop resistance properties. It also is less notch sensitive than HDPE. Stress cracking resistance is better than that of HDPE. MDPE is typically used in gas pipes and fittings, sacks, shrink film, packaging film, carrier bags, and screw closures. In the United Kingdom, black (or blue) MDPE is often used for water and waste water

title: Relative density

text: water is 0.998203 g/cm we see that the difference between true and apparent relative densities for a substance with relative density (20 °C/20 °C) of about 1.100 would be 0.000120. Where the relative density of the sample is close to that of water (for example dilute ethanol solutions) the correction is even smaller. The pycnometer is used in ISO standard: ISO 1183-1:2004, ISO 1014–1985 and ASTM standard: ASTM D854. Types "Hydrostatic Pressure-based Instruments": This technology relies upon Pascal's Principle which states that the pressure difference between two points within a vertical column of fluid is dependent upon the vertical distance

title: Medium-density fibreboard

text: Europe. Over time, the term "MDF" has become a generic name for any dry process fibre board. MDF is typically made up of 82% wood fibre, 9% urea-formaldehyde resin glue, 8% water and 1% paraffin wax. and the density is typically between 500 kg/m (31 lb/ft) and 1,000 kg/m (62 lb/ft). The range of density and classification as "light", "standard", or "high" density board is a misnomer and confusing. The density of the board, when evaluated in relation to the density of the fibre that goes into making the panel, is important. A thick MDF panel at a density of

title: What the Water Gave Me (painting)

text: What the Water Gave Me (painting) What the Water Gave Me ("Lo que el agua me dio" in Spanish) is an oil painting by Frida Kahlo that was completed in 1938. It is sometimes referred to as What I Saw in the Water. Frida Kahlo’s "What the Water Gave Me" was her biography. As the scholar, Natascha Steed, points out, "her paintings were all very honest and she never portrayed herself as being more or less beautiful than she actually was." With this piece she reflected on her life. Kahlo released her unconscious mind through the use of what seems

title: Density of air

text: Law). So when water molecules (water vapor) are added to a given volume of air, the dry air molecules must decrease by the same number, to keep the pressure or temperature from increasing. Hence the mass per unit volume of the gas (its density) decreases. The density of humid air may be calculated by treating it as a mixture of ideal gases. In this case, the partial pressure of water vapor is known as the vapor pressure. Using this method, error in the density calculation is less than 0.2% in the range of −10 °C to 50 °C. The density

title: Density gradient

text: preventing convection, such a gradient is employed in solar ponds. In the case of salt water, sharp gradients can lead to stratification of different concentrations of salinity. This is called a Halocline. In the life sciences, a special technique called density gradient separation is used for isolating and purifying cells, viruses and subcellular particles. Variations of this include Isopycnic centrifugation, Differential centrifugation, and Sucrose gradient centrifugation. A blood donation technique called Pheresis involves density gradient separation. The understanding of what is at the centre of the earth, the earth core, requires the framework of density gradients in which elements and

title: What the Water Gave Me (song)

text: Music Publishing Group, "What the Water Gave Me" is a pop, pop rock and soul song set in a common time and performed in tempo of 124 beats per minute. It is written in the key of C minor and Welch's vocal range in the song runs from the musical note of A♭ to E♭ "What the Water Gave Me" is five and half minutes long and contains ethereal vocals and harps. A gospel organ and choir along with "trilling" guitars provide instrumentation in "What the Water Gave Me". According to Bill Lamb of About.com, "the song breaks down into

title: What the Water Gave Me (song)

text: What the Water Gave Me (song) "What the Water Gave Me" is a song by English indie rock band Florence and the Machine from their second studio album, "Ceremonials" (2011). The song was written by lead singer Florence Welch and Francis "Eg" White, and produced by Paul Epworth. It was released on 23 August 2011 as the first promotional single from "Ceremonials". After the band performed the song in Berkeley, California, on 12 June 2011, the studio version premiered on Florence and the Machine's official website. Welch decided to name the song "What the Water Gave Me" after seeing the

title: Relative density

text: force is net of the force of the empty bottle. The bottle is now emptied, thoroughly dried and refilled with the sample. The force, net of the empty bottle, is now: where "ρ" is the density of the sample. The ratio of the sample and water forces is: This is called the Apparent Relative Density, denoted by subscript A, because it is what we would obtain if we took the ratio of net weighings in air from an analytical balance or used a hydrometer (the stem displaces air). Note that the result does not depend on the calibration of the

title: Relative density

text: of the quantity to be measured. Substances with a relative density of 1 are neutrally buoyant, those with RD greater than one are denser than water, and so (ignoring surface tension effects) will sink in it, and those with an RD of less than one are less dense than water, and so will float. Example: Relative density Relative density, or specific gravity, is the ratio of the density (mass of a unit volume) of a substance to the density of a given reference material. Specific gravity usually means relative density with respect to water. The term "relative density" is often

title: Relative density

text: Relative density Relative density, or specific gravity, is the ratio of the density (mass of a unit volume) of a substance to the density of a given reference material. Specific gravity usually means relative density with respect to water. The term "relative density" is often preferred in scientific usage. It is defined as a ratio of density of particular substance with that of water. If a substance's relative density is less than one then it is less dense than the reference; if greater than 1 then it is denser than the reference. If the relative density is exactly 1 then

title: Density ratio

text: Tu. Density ratio The density ratio of a column of seawater is a measure of the relative contributions of temperature and salinity in determining the density gradient. At a density ratio of 1, temperature and salinity are said to be "compensated": their density signatures cancel, leaving a density gradient of zero. The formula for the density ratio, R, is: R = αθ/βS, where When a water column is "doubly stable"--both temperature and salinity contribute to the stable density gradient--the density ratio is negative (a doubly unstable water column would also have a negative density ratio, but does not commonly occur).

title: Density ratio

text: Density ratio The density ratio of a column of seawater is a measure of the relative contributions of temperature and salinity in determining the density gradient. At a density ratio of 1, temperature and salinity are said to be "compensated": their density signatures cancel, leaving a density gradient of zero. The formula for the density ratio, R, is: R = αθ/βS, where When a water column is "doubly stable"--both temperature and salinity contribute to the stable density gradient--the density ratio is negative (a doubly unstable water column would also have a negative density ratio, but does not commonly occur). A

title: What Is the What

text: What Is the What What Is the What: The Autobiography of Valentino Achak Deng is a 2006 novel written by Dave Eggers. It is based on the life of Valentino Achak Deng, a Sudanese child refugee who immigrated to the United States under the Lost Boys of Sudan program. It was a finalist for the National Book Award. As a boy, Achak is separated from his family during the Second Sudanese Civil War when the Arab militia, referred to as "murahaleen" (which is Arabic for the deported), wipes out his Dinka village, Marial Bai. During the assault, he loses sight

title: What Is the What

text: That Happens Will Happen Today". Tom Tykwer plans to adapt the novel into a film. In 2009, the novel received the Prix Médicis étranger in France. What Is the What What Is the What: The Autobiography of Valentino Achak Deng is a 2006 novel written by Dave Eggers. It is based on the life of Valentino Achak Deng, a Sudanese child refugee who immigrated to the United States under the Lost Boys of Sudan program. It was a finalist for the National Book Award. As a boy, Achak is separated from his family during the Second Sudanese Civil War when

title: This Is What You Want... This Is What You Get

text: were not re-recorded for "This Is What You Want...This Is What You Get" (although a remixed version of "Blue Water" was included as the B-side on the "This Is Not a Love Song" 12" single). Songs on "This Is What You Want...This Is What You Get" which did not appear in any form on "Commercial Zone" are "Tie Me to the Length of That", "The Pardon" and "1981", and are the only songs on the album which do not credit Keith Levene as a co-writer. PiL was supposed to score the soundtrack for the 1983 suspense film "Copkiller", starring Harvey

title: Properties of water

text: °C water expands as the temperature increases. Water near the boiling point is about 4% less dense than water at . Under increasing pressure, ice undergoes a number of transitions to other polymorphs with higher density than liquid water, such as ice II, ice III, high-density amorphous ice (HDA), and very-high-density amorphous ice (VHDA). The unusual density curve and lower density of ice than of water is vital to life—if water were most dense at the freezing point, then in winter the very cold water at the surface of lakes and other water bodies would sink, the lake could freeze

title: Relative density

text: petroleum products) variations in density caused by pressure are usually neglected at least where apparent relative density is being measured. For true ("in vacuo") relative density calculations air pressure must be considered (see below). Temperatures are specified by the notation "T/T)" with "T" representing the temperature at which the sample's density was determined and "T" the temperature at which the reference (water) density is specified. For example, SG (20 °C/4 °C) would be understood to mean that the density of the sample was determined at 20 °C and of the water at 4 °C. Taking into account different sample and

title: Density of air

text: Imperial units. This quantity may vary slightly depending on the molecular composition of air at a particular location. Therefore: The following table illustrates the air density–temperature relationship at 1 atm or 101.325 kPa: The addition of water vapor to air (making the air humid) reduces the density of the air, which may at first appear counter-intuitive. This occurs because the molar mass of water (18 g/mol) is less than the molar mass of dry air (around 29 g/mol). For any ideal gas, at a given temperature and pressure, the number of molecules is constant for a particular volume (see Avogadro's

title: What the Water Gave Me (song)

text: of the table-dancing. Jillian Mapes of "Billboard" said that "Florence gets giddy in the studio and ethereal on stage" for the video. Emily Cronin of the British "Elle" stated, "the video packs all the witchy vocals and diaphanous gowns we could have hoped for into five and a half minutes, with a choir and one jaunty fedora thrown in". She further described the video as "taster". What the Water Gave Me (song) "What the Water Gave Me" is a song by English indie rock band Florence and the Machine from their second studio album, "Ceremonials" (2011). The song was written

title: Relative density

text: water or mercury, using an analytical balance. If the flask is weighed empty, full of water, and full of a liquid whose relative density is desired, the relative density of the liquid can easily be calculated. The particle density of a powder, to which the usual method of weighing cannot be applied, can also be determined with a pycnometer. The powder is added to the pycnometer, which is then weighed, giving the weight of the powder sample. The pycnometer is then filled with a liquid of known density, in which the powder is completely insoluble. The weight of the displaced

title: Relative density

text: As a final example, the British RD units are based on reference and sample temperatures of 60 °F and are thus (15.56 °C/15.56 °C). Relative density can be calculated directly by measuring the density of a sample and dividing it by the (known) density of the reference substance. The density of the sample is simply its mass divided by its volume. Although mass is easy to measure, the volume of an irregularly shaped sample can be more difficult to ascertain. One method is to put the sample in a water-filled graduated cylinder and read off how much water it displaces.

title: Density

text: called specific weight. For a pure substance the density has the same numerical value as its mass concentration. Different materials usually have different densities, and density may be relevant to buoyancy, purity and packaging. Osmium and iridium are the densest known elements at standard conditions for temperature and pressure but certain chemical compounds may be denser. To simplify comparisons of density across different systems of units, it is sometimes replaced by the dimensionless quantity "relative density" or "specific gravity", i.e. the ratio of the density of the material to that of a standard material, usually water. Thus a relative density

text: songs by John Lydon, Keith Levene, and Martin Atkins except * by John Lydon and Martin Atkins Five songs on "This Is What You Want...This Is What You Get" are re-recordings of tracks which originally appeared on "Commercial Zone": "Bad Life" (originally titled "Mad Max"), "This Is Not a Love Song" (originally titled "Love Song"), "Solitaire" (entitled "Young Brits" on the second pressing of "Commercial Zone"), "The Order of Death" (originally titled "The Slab"), and "Where Are You?" (originally titled "Lou Reed Part 2"). Four songs from "Commercial Zone", "Bad Night", "Lou Reed Part 1", "Blue Water" and "Miller Hi-Life",

title: What Is the What

text: writes: "Over the course of many years, Dave and I have collaborated to tell my story... I told [him] what I knew and what I could remember, and from that material he created this work of art." The book is typical of Eggers' style: blending non-fictional and fictional elements into a non-fiction novel or memoir. By classifying the book a novel, Eggers says, he freed himself to re-create conversations, streamline complex relationships, add relevant detail and manipulate time and space in helpful ways—all while maintaining the essential truthfulness of the storytelling. However, not all critics were impressed. Lee Siegel sees

title: Density

text: the two voids materials is reliably known. In general, density can be changed by changing either the pressure or the temperature. Increasing the pressure always increases the density of a material. Increasing the temperature generally decreases the density, but there are notable exceptions to this generalization. For example, the density of water increases between its melting point at 0 °C and 4 °C; similar behavior is observed in silicon at low temperatures. The effect of pressure and temperature on the densities of liquids and solids is small. The compressibility for a typical liquid or solid is 10 bar (1 bar

title: Density meter

text: the specific gravity of a sample directly. However, the specific gravity can be inferred from a density meter. The specific gravity is defined as the density of a sample compared to the density of a reference. The reference density is typically of that of water. The specific gravity is found by the following equation: Where: Density meters come in many varieties. Different types include: nuclear, coriolis, ultrasound, microwave, and gravitic. Each type measures the density differently. Each type has its advantages and drawbacks. Density meters have many applications in various parts of various industries. Density meters are used to measure

title: Density gradient

text: Density gradient Density gradient is a spatial variation in density over an area. The term is used in the natural sciences to describe varying density of matter, but can apply to any quantity whose density can be measured. In the study of supersonic flight, Schlieren photography observes the density gradient of air as it interacts with aircraft. Also in the field of Computational Fluid Dynamics, Density gradient is used to observe the acoustic waves, shock waves or expansion waves in the flow field. A steep density gradient in a body of water can have the effect of trapping energy and

title: Density ratio

text: statically stable water column with a density ratio between 0 and 1 (cool fresh overlying warm salty) can support diffusive convection, and a statically stable water column with a density ratio larger than 1 can support salt fingering. Density ratio may also be used to describe thermohaline variability over a non-vertical spatial interval, such as across a front in the mixed layer. If the signs of both the numerator and denominator are reversed, the density ratio remains unchanged. A related quantity which avoids this ambiguity as well as the infinite values possible when the denominator vanishes is the Turner angle,

title: Neutral density

text: These surfaces are widely used in water masses analysis. Neutral density is a density variable that depends on the particular state of the ocean, and hence a function of time as well, although this is often ignored. In practice, its construction for a given hydrographic observation is achieved by means of a computational code (available for Matlab and Fortran), that contains the computational algorithm developed by Jackett and McDougall. Use of this code is currently restricted to the present day ocean. A neutral density surface is the surface along which a given water mass will move, remaining neutrally buoyant. McDougall

title: What the Water Gave Me (painting)

text: critic Bertram Wolfe, Kahlo's paintings appeared to bring together surrealism and a "deep-rooted Mexican tradition". On the basis of this painting, Kahlo was labeled a surrealist. Before this she never considered herself a “surrealist” she just utilized this portrait as her platform to express her hurt and expel her demons. André Breton saw Kahlo's art as Surrealist, saying of her work, "The promises of fantasy are filled with greater splendor by reality itself!" For Breton, this work was exemplary of her Surrealism. What the Water Gave Me (painting) What the Water Gave Me ("Lo que el agua me dio" in

title: Low-density lipoprotein

text: are not conclusive. Low-density lipoprotein Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is one of the five major groups of lipoprotein which transport all fat molecules around the body in the extracellular water. These groups, from least dense, compared to surrounding water (largest particles) to most dense (smallest particles), are chylomicrons (aka ULDL by the overall density naming convention), very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL), low-density lipoprotein and high-density lipoprotein (HDL). LDL delivers fat molecules to the cells and can drive the progression of atherosclerosis if they become oxidized within the walls of arteries. Lipoproteins transfer lipids (fats) around the body in the

title: Low-density lipoprotein

text: Low-density lipoprotein Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is one of the five major groups of lipoprotein which transport all fat molecules around the body in the extracellular water. These groups, from least dense, compared to surrounding water (largest particles) to most dense (smallest particles), are chylomicrons (aka ULDL by the overall density naming convention), very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL), low-density lipoprotein and high-density lipoprotein (HDL). LDL delivers fat molecules to the cells and can drive the progression of atherosclerosis if they become oxidized within the walls of arteries. Lipoproteins transfer lipids (fats) around the body in the extracellular fluid, making

title: Density

text: total volume. The mass is normally measured with a scale or balance; the volume may be measured directly (from the geometry of the object) or by the displacement of a fluid. To determine the density of a liquid or a gas, a hydrometer, a dasymeter or a Coriolis flow meter may be used, respectively. Similarly, hydrostatic weighing uses the displacement of water due to a submerged object to determine the density of the object. If the body is not homogeneous, then its density varies between different regions of the object. In that case the density around any given location is

title: Bulk density

text: known total volume, formula_1. From this sample the wet bulk density and the dry bulk density can be determined. For the wet bulk density (total bulk density) this sample is weighed, giving the mass formula_2. For the dry bulk density, the sample is oven dried and weighed, giving the mass of soil solids, formula_3. The relationship between these two masses is formula_4, where formula_5 is the mass of substances lost on oven drying (often, mostly water). The dry and wet bulk densities are calculated as Dry bulk density = mass of soil/ volume as a whole Wet bulk density =

title: What the Water Gave Me (painting)

text: the distance between both of them is dissolved.” In order to bring her viewers as deep into her life as possible, the strong details in her painting made it so that the distance between the self and the other is obliterated so that they are to share in the same experience. Kahlo returned to the same symbols and figures that can be seen in her other paintings. Her toes are what dominate the painting as they are all that is seen of her in this portrait as point up from the water. In the water Frida paints floating remints of

title: Very low-density lipoprotein

text: Very low-density lipoprotein Very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), density relative to extracellular water, is a type of lipoprotein made by the liver. VLDL is one of the five major groups of lipoproteins (chylomicrons, VLDL, intermediate-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein) that enable fats and cholesterol to move within the water-based solution of the bloodstream. VLDL is assembled in the liver from triglycerides, cholesterol, and apolipoproteins. VLDL is converted in the bloodstream to low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL). VLDL particles have a diameter of 30–80 nm. VLDL transports endogenous products, whereas chylomicrons transport exogenous (dietary) products. Recently both the lipid composition

title: What the Water Gave Me (painting)

text: as the community of her world view and the loneliness of her position." Frida found only her hardships in her bath. In this portrait Kahlo appears lifeless as she lies in a bathtub submerged in water, her legs barely visible but her feet emerge from the water. Her right foot is bleeding and deformed, reflecting what was happening to her body while she suffered in pain. Of the 30-plus operations she endured, most were on her back, right leg and right foot. Hence the wreckage in the painting over her right leg; between the toes of her right foot is

title: Saturation vapor density

text: Saturation vapor density Saturation vapor density (SVD) is a concept closely tied with saturation vapor pressure (SVP). It can be used to calculate exact quantity of water vapor in the air from a relative humidity (RH = % local air humidity measured / local total air humidity possible ) Given an RH percentage, the density of water in the air is given by . Alternatively, RH can be found by . As relative humidity is a dimensionless quantity (often expressed in terms of a percentage), vapor density can be stated in units of grams or kilograms per cubic meter. For

title: The Water Is Wide (song)

text: true you are, and ever shall be. Our love shines clearly against the storm, Turns darkest night to brightest day, Turns turbulent waters to perfect calm, A blazing lamp to light our way. Love is the centre of all we see, Love is the jewel that guides us true, No matter what, love, you'll stay with me, No matter what, my love, I'll stay with you. The water is wide, I cannot get o'er And neither have I wings to fly, Build me a boat that can carry two And both shall row, my love and I. </poem> <poem> The

title: Relative density

text: Alternatively the container can be filled to the brim, the sample immersed, and the volume of overflow measured. The surface tension of the water may keep a significant amount of water from overflowing, which is especially problematic for small samples. For this reason it is desirable to use a water container with as small a mouth as possible. For each substance, the density, "ρ", is given by When these densities are divided, references to the spring constant, gravity and cross-sectional area simply cancel, leaving Relative density is more easily and perhaps more accurately measured without measuring volume. Using a spring

title: Density

text: less than one means that the substance floats in water. The density of a material varies with temperature and pressure. This variation is typically small for solids and liquids but much greater for gases. Increasing the pressure on an object decreases the volume of the object and thus increases its density. Increasing the temperature of a substance (with a few exceptions) decreases its density by increasing its volume. In most materials, heating the bottom of a fluid results in convection of the heat from the bottom to the top, due to the decrease in the density of the heated fluid.

title: Population density

text: Population density Population density (in agriculture: standing stock and standing crop) is a measurement of population per unit area or unit volume; it is a quantity of type number density. It is frequently applied to living organisms, and most of the time to humans. It is a key geographical term. In simple terms population density refers to the number of people living in an area per kilometer square. Population density is population divided by total land area or water volume, as appropriate. Low densities may cause an extinction vortex and lead to further reduced fertility. This is called the Allee

title: Urban density

text: capacity. At a broader level, there is evidence to indicate a strong negative correlation between the total energy consumption of a city and its overall urban density, i.e. the lower the density, the more energy consumed. Urban density is a very specific measurement of the population of an urbanized area, excluding non-urban land-uses. Non-urban uses include regional open space, agriculture and water-bodies. There are a variety of other ways of measuring the density of urban areas: Urban density Urban density is a term used in urban planning and urban design to refer to the number of people inhabiting a given

title: Density meter

text: light is counted. Radiation that is absorbed by the mass is not seen by the scintillator device. Therefore, the density of the media is inversely proportional to the radiation captured and seen by the scintillator. Nuclear density meters are limited in scope to what is seen by the gamma radiation beam. The sample size is a single, thin column with small longitudinal length. Nuclear equipment requires certified and licensed staff in order to operate the instruments. Microwave density meters have various ways to measure what solids are in the sample. All microwave meters measure microwaves but some use different methods

title: Relative density

text: last reading from the sum of the first two readings gives the weight of the displaced water. The relative density result is the dry sample weight divided by that of the displaced water. This method works with scales that can't easily accommodate a suspended sample, and also allows for measurement of samples that are less dense than water. The relative density of a liquid can be measured using a hydrometer. This consists of a bulb attached to a stalk of constant cross-sectional area, as shown in the adjacent diagram. First the hydrometer is floated in the reference liquid (shown in

title: Relative density

text: the superscript indicates the temperature at which the density of the material is measured, and the subscript indicates the temperature of the reference substance to which it is compared. Relative density can also help to quantify the buoyancy of a substance in a fluid, or determine the density of an unknown substance from the known density of another. Relative density is often used by geologists and mineralogists to help determine the mineral content of a rock or other sample. Gemologists use it as an aid in the identification of gemstones. Water is preferred as the reference because measurements are then

title: Intermediate-density lipoprotein

text: Intermediate-density lipoprotein Intermediate-density lipoproteins (IDLs) belong to the lipoprotein particle family and are formed from the degradation of very low-density lipoproteins as well as high-density lipoproteins. IDL is one of the five major groups of lipoproteins (chylomicrons, VLDL, IDL, LDL, HDL) that enable fats and cholesterol to move within the water-based solution of the bloodstream. Each native IDL particle consists of protein that encircles various lipids, enabling, as a water-soluble particle, these lipids to travel in the aqueous blood environment as part of the fat transport system within the body. Their size is, in general, 25 to 35 nm in

title: Density of air

text: of humid air is found by: where: The vapor pressure of water may be calculated from the saturation vapor pressure and relative humidity. It is found by: where: The saturation vapor pressure of water at any given temperature is the vapor pressure when relative humidity is 100%. One formula used to find the saturation vapor pressure is: where formula_4 is in degrees C. The partial pressure of dry air formula_22 is found considering partial pressure, resulting in: Where formula_24 simply denotes the observed absolute pressure. To calculate the density of air as a function of altitude, one requires additional parameters.

title: Saturation vapor density

text: low temperatures (below approximately 400 K), SVD can be approximated from the SVP by the ideal gas law: where is the SVP, is the volume, is the number of moles, is the gas constant and is the temperature in kelvins. The number of moles is related to density by , where is the mass of water present and is the molar mass of water (18.01528 grams/mole). Thus, setting to 1 cubic meter, we get = = density. The values shown at hyperphysics-sources indicate that the saturated vapor density is 4.85 g/m at 273 K, at which the saturated vapor pressure

title: Maximum density

text: of water, which reaches a density peak at . This has important ramifications in Earth's ecosystem. Maximum density The maximum density of a substance is the highest attainable density of the substance under given conditions. Almost all known substances undergo thermal expansion in response to heating, meaning that a given mass of substance contracts to a low volume at low temperatures, when little thermal energy is present. Substances, especially fluids in which intermolecular forces are weak, also undergo compression upon the application of pressure. Nearly all substances therefore reach a density maximum at very low temperatures and very high pressures,

title: Area density

text: also an important quantity for the absorption of radiation. When studying bodies falling through air, area density is important because resistance depends on area, and gravitational force is dependent on mass. Bone density is often expressed in grams per square centimeter (g·cm) as measured by x-ray absorptiometry, as a proxy for the actual density. The body mass index is expressed in units of kilograms per square meter, though the area figure is nominal, being simply the square of the height. The total electron content in the ionosphere is a quantity of type columnar number density. Snow water equivalent is a

title: Saturation vapor density

text: is 4.58 mm of Hg or 610.616447 Pa (760 mm of Hg ≈ 1 atm = 1.01325 * 10 Pa). Therefore, for particular mole number and volume the saturated vapor pressure will not change if the temperature remains constant. Saturation vapor density Saturation vapor density (SVD) is a concept closely tied with saturation vapor pressure (SVP). It can be used to calculate exact quantity of water vapor in the air from a relative humidity (RH = % local air humidity measured / local total air humidity possible ) Given an RH percentage, the density of water in the air is

title: Pixel density

text: image file format is, but what density support can be expected of a certain image file format. Often-used image file formats that do not support pixel density are added for counter-example purposes. Even though image manipulation software can optionally set density for some image file formats, not many other software uses density information when displaying images. Web browsers, for example, ignore any density information. Named pixel densities is used mainly for browsers and mobile apps. As the table shows, support for density information in image file formats varies enormously and should be used with great care in a controlled context.

title: Centimetre of water

text: Centimetre of water A centimetre of water (US spelling centimeter of water, abbreviated cm or cm HO) is a less commonly used unit of pressure derived from pressure head calculations using metrology. It may be defined as the pressure exerted by a column of water of 1 cm in height at 4 °C (temperature of maximum density) at the standard acceleration of gravity, so that = × × 1 cm = ≈ , but conventionally a nominal maximum water density of is used, giving . It is frequently used to measure the central venous pressure, the intracranial pressure while sampling

title: Population density

text: effect after the scientist who identified it. Examples of the causes in low population densities include: For humans, population density is the number of people per unit of area, usually quoted per square kilometer or square mile (which may include or exclude, for example, areas of water or glaciers). Commonly this may be calculated for a county, city, country, another territory or the entire world. The world's population is around 7,500,000,000 and Earth's total area (including land and water) is 510,000,000 square kilometers (197,000,000 sq. mi.). Therefore, the worldwide human population density is around 7,500,000,000 ÷ 510,000,000 = 14.7 per

title: Drainage density

text: bedrock will lead to an increase in surface water runoff and therefore to more frequent streams. Rugged regions or those with high relief will also have a higher drainage density than other drainage basins if the other characteristics of the basin are the same. Drainage density can affect the shape of a river's hydrograph during a rain storm. Rivers that have a high drainage density will often have a more 'flashy' hydrograph with a steep falling limb. High densities can also indicate a greater flood risk. High drainage densities also mean a high bifurcation ratio. Drainage density Drainage density is

title: Dynamic density

text: Dynamic density In sociology, dynamic density refers to the combination of two things: population density and the amount of social interaction within that population. Dynamic density is a key component in Emile Durkheim’s theory of modernization. In his book The Division of Labor in Society ([1893] 1949), Durkheim suggests that over time, societies go through a transition from being more primitive, i.e. mechanical, to being more modern, or organic; the difference lying in the source of their solidarity, or what holds them together. (Ritzer, 2007) According to Durkheim, the cause of this transition is an increase in dynamic density, an

title: Gravitic density meter

text: needs to be treated. Paper production uses gravitic density meters to measure the amount of pulp currently being used in the process. Oil and gas use gravitic density meters to measure the amount of oil and gas in the system. This case exemplifies the versatility of gravitic density meters because oil and gas are lighter than water. Gravitic density meter A Gravitic density meter is a type of density meter used in multiple industries to measure the density of a slurry flowing through a pipe line. It consists of a flexible rubber hose that deflects when weight is flowing through

title: The World Is What It Is

text: The World Is What It Is The World Is What It Is: The Authorized Biography of V. S. Naipaul is a biography of the Nobel Prize-winning author V. S. Naipaul by Patrick French. It was published in 2008 (by Picador in the UK and Knopf in the USA). The title is a quotation from Naipaul's book "A Bend in the River". "The world is what it is; men who are nothing, who allow themselves to become nothing, have no place in it." French deals with Naipaul's family background and his life from his birth in 1932 until his second marriage

title: Silt density index

text: Silt density index The silt density index is a measure for the fouling capacity of water in reverse osmosis systems. The test measures the rate at which a 0.45-micrometre filter is plugged when subjected to a constant water pressure of . The SDI gives the percent drop per minute in the flow rate of the water through the filter, averaged over a period of time such as 15 minutes. Typically, spiral-wound reverse osmosis systems will need an SDI less than 5, and hollow fiber reverse osmosis systems will need an SDI less than 3. In these kinds of systems, deep-well

title: Silt density index

text: waters (with a typical SDI of 3) could be used straight from the source. If fed from surface waters (with a typical SDI greater than 6), the water will need to be filtered before use. Seawater desalination plants utilising reverse osmosis systems also need very efficient filtering due to the typically high but variable SDI of seawater. Silt density index The silt density index is a measure for the fouling capacity of water in reverse osmosis systems. The test measures the rate at which a 0.45-micrometre filter is plugged when subjected to a constant water pressure of . The SDI

title: What the Water Gave Me (painting)

text: other was Diego." Their stormy relationship survived infidelities, the pressures of careers, divorce, remarriage, Frida’s bisexual affairs, her health issues, and her inability to bear children. Of her 200 some paintings, drawings, and sketches throughout her life, she related many to physical and emotional pain. She mirrored all of this hurt into "What the Water Gave Me". The painting references traditional and ancient iconography, mythology and symbolism, eroticism and botany all mapped out onto a scene depicting the legs of the artist herself (as signified by her wounded right foot) submerged in bath water. References to Kahlo's earlier works and

title: What the Water Gave Me (song)

text: website. Welch elaborated on the title and meaning of the song: "It's a song for the water, because in music and art what I'm really interested in are the things that are overwhelming. The ocean seems to me to be nature's great overwhelmer. When I was writing this song I was thinking a lot about all those people who've lost their lives in vain attempts to save their loved ones from drowning. It's about water in all forms and all bodies. It's about a lot of things; Virginia Woolf creeps into it, and of course Frida Kahlo, whose painfully beautiful

title: Current density

text: law (one of Maxwell's equations), which relates current density to magnetic field. In special relativity theory, charge and current are combined into a 4-vector. Charge carriers which are free to move constitute a free current density, which are given by expressions such as those in this section. Electric current is a coarse, average quantity that tells what is happening in an entire wire. At position r at time "t", the "distribution" of charge flowing is described by the current density: where J(r, "t") is the current density vector, v(r, "t") is the particles' average drift velocity (SI unit: m∙s), and

title: Properties of water

text: the surface. The increased density of the sea water beneath the forming ice causes it to sink towards the bottom. On a large scale, the process of brine rejection and sinking cold salty water results in ocean currents forming to transport such water away from the Poles, leading to a global system of currents called the thermohaline circulation. Water is miscible with many liquids, including ethanol in all proportions. Water and most oils are immiscible usually forming layers according to increasing density from the top. This can be predicted by comparing the polarity. Water being a relatively polar compound will

title: Potential density

text: the ocean surface. The corresponding "potential density anomaly" is denoted by formula_5 kg/m. Because the compressibility of seawater varies with salinity and temperature, the reference pressure must chosen to be near the actual pressure to keep the definition of potential density dynamically meaningful. Reference pressures are often chosen as a whole multiple of 100 bar; for water near a pressure of 400 bar (40 MPa), say, the reference pressure 400 bar would be used, and the potential density anomaly symbol would be written formula_6. Surfaces of constant potential density (relative to and in the vicinity of a given reference pressure)

title: Relative density

text: light blue), and the displacement (the level of the liquid on the stalk) is marked (blue line). The reference could be any liquid, but in practice it is usually water. The hydrometer is then floated in a liquid of unknown density (shown in green). The change in displacement, Δ"x", is noted. In the example depicted, the hydrometer has dropped slightly in the green liquid; hence its density is lower than that of the reference liquid. It is, of course, necessary that the hydrometer floats in both liquids. The application of simple physical principles allows the relative density of the unknown

title: Density

text: one thousandth of the value in (kg/m). Liquid water has a density of about 1 kg/dm, making any of these SI units numerically convenient to use as most solids and liquids have densities between 0.1 and 20 kg/dm. In US customary units density can be stated in: Imperial units differing from the above (as the Imperial gallon and bushel differ from the US units) in practice are rarely used, though found in older documents. The Imperial gallon was based on the concept that an Imperial fluid ounce of water would have a mass of one Avoirdupois ounce, and indeed 1

title: Properties of water

text: the bottom of frozen-over fresh water lakes and rivers. As the surface of salt water begins to freeze (at −1.9 °C for normal salinity seawater, 3.5%) the ice that forms is essentially salt-free, with about the same density as freshwater ice. This ice floats on the surface, and the salt that is "frozen out" adds to the salinity and density of the sea water just below it, in a process known as "brine rejection". This denser salt water sinks by convection and the replacing seawater is subject to the same process. This produces essentially freshwater ice at −1.9 °C on

title: What the Water Gave Me (song)

text: "What the Water Gave Me" was praised by music critics, several of whom labelled the song "epic". Fan reaction towards the song was also very positive. Simon Vozick-Levinson of "Rolling Stone" magazine gave it a rating of three-and-a-half stars, writing that the song "opens softly, with Welch cooing slightly spooky pastoral poetry ("Time, it took us to where the water was")". However he further wrote, "soon enough, she's out-and-out howling about learning to let go after a failed relationship, ancient Greek giants and possibly drowning herself. Her veiled incantations feel like the stuff of myth, even if it's not entirely

title: What the Water Gave Me (painting)

text: a bleeding crack. Along with Kahlo‘s childhood polio that caused more than a slight deformity in her right leg. The spina bifida Kahlo suffered from is a congenital deformity, which results from incomplete closure of neural tube and a partially infused spinal cord. This decreased circulation to her limbs, together with polio and the 1925 streetcar accident, was the root of Kahlo’s chronic battle with neuropathic pain. Like "What the Water Gave Me", Frida’s paintings were very personal. It is written by Leticia Pérez Alonso that “in Kahlo’s painting the viewer ends up identifying with the represented object, and thus

title: What the Water Gave Me (song)

text: justice in the US pop music world, 'What the Water Gave Me' will be the next 'Rolling In the Deep.' It is a recording that shows us just how emotionally powerful and engaging a pop song can be". Writing for the website HitFix, Katie Hasty concluded: "For a song that goes for 5+ minutes, about a legendary writer that drowns herself, titled for a famous painted work and performed by Florence + The Machine, the word 'epic' is perfectly acceptable". James Montgmery of MTV News praised the song calling it "epically massive" and added that it "seems destined to rule

title: Referential density

text: referential density by including context sensitive factors such as the degree of external information the reader has to import to his reconstruction of the fictional world, the text’s narrative crowding, the ratio between action and description, and the epistemic paths chosen by the text. These factors will usually have more impact on the number of references in a text than its amplitude. Referential density and relative (referential) density account for much of what makes fictional texts 'thick' or 'easy' reads. All other factors being equal, high density will make for difficult reading in that the reader is required to reconstruct

title: Density meter

text: Since the volume is constant and the weight is known, the density is easily calculated from this information. Displacement is measured with a high precision displacement laser. Micron scale deflections can be read by the density meter. Minute changes in weight are seen at this scale. The entire volume is measured using gravimetric methods. This means that the sample size is the entire volume of what needs to be measured. Gravimetric density meters use the least amount of theory, making them the most accurate choice, depending on the application. Using the equation formula_5 the volume is known, once we find

title: The World Is What It Is

text: in 1996. The biography has been extensively reviewed: the reviewers include Paul Theroux, who wrote an earlier book about Naipaul. The biography was selected by the editors of the "New York Times Book Review" as one of the "Times"' "10 Best Books of 2008". It won the 2008 National Book Critics Circle Award in Biography, and the British literary award the Hawthornden Prize. The World Is What It Is The World Is What It Is: The Authorized Biography of V. S. Naipaul is a biography of the Nobel Prize-winning author V. S. Naipaul by Patrick French. It was published in

title: What the Water Gave Me (song)

text: and Harriet Wheeler from The Sundays. "The Sun"s Gordon Smart concluded that the song "sounds more polished with rock guitars alongside a bit of the obligatory harp". Commenting the sound of the song, Jillian Mapes of "Billboard" said that "'What the Water Gave Me' crescendos with a tribal intensity, balancing chants against an airy, whimsical harp". "Spin"s William Goodman called the song "a surge of gospel-tinged pop with harp, piano, and throbbing bass driving under Welch's powerful vocals" Writing for the website HitFix, Katie Hasty said: "the harp line is just about the lightest part of the song, as the

title: What the Water Gave Me (painting)

text: who gave birth to herself.” A scholar concluded that she was starting to discover and experience both her own self and the world about her at a new more conscious level.” The eruption of the volcano mirrors her inevitable eruption. "What the Water Gave Me" is a symbol of its own; a symbol of self-discovery. With this painting Frida Kahlo demonstrated her ability as a surreal artist who through her method of aggressive visual imagery, rather than verbal language, can convey the trauma of her own existence by putting herself on trial all while simultaneously creating art. According to the

title: Spectral density

text: formula_83 is the cross-covariance function. In light of this, the PSD is seen to be a special case of the CSD for formula_84. For discrete signals "x" and "y", the relationship between the cross-spectral density and the cross-covariance is The goal of spectral density estimation is to estimate the spectral density of a random signal from a sequence of time samples. Depending on what is known about the signal, estimation techniques can involve parametric or non-parametric approaches, and may be based on time-domain or frequency-domain analysis. For example, a common parametric technique involves fitting the observations to an autoregressive model.

title: What the Water Gave Me (song)

text: Frida Kahlo painting of the same name. During an interview, she confirmed that the song was inspired by English writer Virginia Woolf. "What the Water Gave Me" is a pop, pop rock and soul song performed in tempo of 124 beats per minute. It incorporates several instruments into its composition, most notably harps and guitar. The accompanying music video for the song was filmed at Abbey Road Studios and it showed the band recording and singing the song. Upon its release, the song made its way into several chart most notably at number 24 on the UK Singles Chart. It

title: Radiant energy density

text: Radiant energy density In radiometry, radiant energy density is the radiant energy per unit volume. The SI unit of radiant energy density is the joule per cubic metre (J/m). Radiant energy density, denoted "w" ("e" for "energetic", to avoid confusion with photometric quantities), is defined as where Because radiation always "transmits" the energy, it is useful to wonder what the speed of the transmission is. If all the radiation at given location propagates in the same direction, then the radiant flux through a unit area perpendicular to the propagation direction is given by the irradiance: where "c" is the radiation

title: Particle density (packed density)

text: Particle density (packed density) The particle density or true density of a particulate solid or powder, is the density of the particles that make up the powder, in contrast to the bulk density, which measures the average density of a large volume of the powder in a specific medium (usually air). The particle density is a relatively well-defined quantity, as it is not dependent on the degree of compaction of the solid, whereas the bulk density has different values depending on whether it is measured in the freely settled or compacted state (tap density). However, a variety of definitions of

title: What Is the What

text: "we really hadn’t decided whether I was just helping Valentino write his own book, or if I was writing a book about him." Valentino points out that, "I thought I might want to write my own book, but I learned that I was not ready to do this. I was still taking classes in basic writing at Georgia Perimeter College." Dave Eggers discusses the difficulties in writing a book of this nature: "For a long while there, we continued doing interviews, and I gathered the material. But all along, I really didn’t know exactly what form it would finally take—whether

title: Relative density

text: scale, the sample is weighed first in air and then in water. Relative density (with respect to water) can then be calculated using the following formula: where This technique cannot easily be used to measure relative densities less than one, because the sample will then float. "W" becomes a negative quantity, representing the force needed to keep the sample underwater. Another practical method uses three measurements. The sample is weighed dry. Then a container filled to the brim with water is weighed, and weighed again with the sample immersed, after the displaced water has overflowed and been removed. Subtracting the

title: Here Is What Is

text: Here Is What Is Here Is What Is is the fifth studio album by Canadian songwriter and record producer Daniel Lanois. It was first released in December 2007 as a high-quality download, and later released on CD on March 18, 2008. The album is the result of the same project that led to the 2007 documentary "Here Is What Is" that premiered at the 2007 Toronto International Film Festival in September. The movie documents the aesthetics and creative process behind Lanois' approach to music making and recording. The album has been presented as a direct soundtrack to this film, and

title: Particle density (packed density)

text: pore diameter and pressure being known. A continuous trace of pressure versus volume can then be generated, which allows for a complete characterization of the sample's porosity. Particle density (packed density) The particle density or true density of a particulate solid or powder, is the density of the particles that make up the powder, in contrast to the bulk density, which measures the average density of a large volume of the powder in a specific medium (usually air). The particle density is a relatively well-defined quantity, as it is not dependent on the degree of compaction of the solid, whereas

title: Population density

text: km (38 per sq. mi). If only the Earth's land area of 150,000,000 km (58,000,000 sq. mi.) is taken into account, then human population density is 50 per km (129 per sq. mile). This includes all continental and island land area, including Antarctica. If Antarctica is also excluded, then population density rises to over 55 people per km (over 142 per sq. mile). However, over half of the Earth's land mass consists of areas inhospitable to human habitation, such as deserts and high mountains, and population tends to cluster around seaports and fresh-water sources. Thus, this number by itself does

title: Spectral flux density

text: approach defines flux density as a vector at a point of space and time prescribed by the investigator. To distinguish this approach, one might speak of the 'full spherical flux density'. In this case, nature tells the investigator what is the magnitude, direction, and sense of the flux density at the prescribed point. For the flux density vector, one may write where formula_2 denotes the spectral radiance (or specific intensity) at the point formula_3 at time formula_4 and frequency formula_5, formula_6 denotes a variable unit vector with origin at the point formula_3, formula_8 denotes an element of solid angle around

title: Area density

text: grams per cubic metre, grams per square metre, and metres, respectively. Column number density refers instead to a number density type of quantity: the number or count of a substance—rather than the mass—per unit area integrated along a path: It is a quantity commonly retrieved by remote sensing instruments, for instance the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) which retrieves ozone columns around the globe. Columns are also returned by the differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) method and are a common retrieval product from nadir-looking microwave radiometers. A closely related concept is that of ice or liquid water path, which specifies

title: Metre sea water

text: based on a fresh water density of 62.4 lb/ft and for fsw based on a sea water density of 64.0 lb/ft. One standard metre sea water equals: One standard metre sea water is also approximately equal to: One standard foot sea water is approximately equal to: Metre sea water The metre (or meter) sea water (msw) is a unit of pressure used in underwater diving. It is defined as one tenth of a bar. The unit used in the US is the foot sea water (fsw), based on standard gravity and a sea-water density of 64 lb/ft. According to the

title: What the Water Gave Me (painting)

text: influences have been noted. These include themes from her painting "My Parents, My Grandparents and I" (1936), allusions to fifteenth-century painter Hieronymus Bosch's "The Garden of Earthly Delights" in her attention to flora and fauna, and a reference to her political position by documenting the clash of the old and the new in the dramatic detail of a skyscraper burning inside a volcano. Among the various elements of macabre that are visible, a skeleton and a nude bather choked by a rope stand out. "What the Water Gave Me" was Frida's memoir of her life, depicting life and death and

title: What the Water Gave Me (song)

text: be proud of. A great way to follow up 'Lungs'. We think it's a winner". Gordon Smart of "The Sun" felt that the song was "epic and haunting" as the bands previous songs, "Dog Days Are Over" and "Rabbit Heart (Raise It Up)". Rebecca Ford of "The Hollywood Reporter" simply called the song "hypnotizing". The "Miami New Times" S. Pajot called the song "perfect soundtrack for lovesick self-sacrifice" before adding that it was very "sleepy". On the Triple J Hottest 100 list, "What the Water Gave Me" was ranked at number 42. The song debuted at number 91 on the

title: What the Water Gave Me (song)

text: also became the second song by Florence and the Machine which charted on the US "Billboard" Hot 100. "What the Water Gave Me" was written by Florence Welch and Francis "Eg" White and produced by Paul Epworth. It was recorded in London at Abbey Road Studios. The song was debuted by Florence and the Machine during a live show in Berkeley, California on 12 June 2011. After that, the band added the song to the set list of their tour, Lungs Tour and on 23 August 2011 the album version of the song premiered on Florence and the Machines official

title: Properties of water

text: Of common substances, only that of ammonia is higher. This property confers resistance to melting on the ice of glaciers and drift ice. Before and since the advent of mechanical refrigeration, ice was and still is in common use for retarding food spoilage. The specific heat capacity of ice at −10 °C is 2.03 J/(g·K) and the heat capacity of steam at 100 °C is 2.08 J/(g·K). The density of water is about : this relationship was originally used to define the gram. The density varies with temperature, but not linearly: as the temperature increases, the density rises to a

title: Union density

text: Union density The union density or union membership rate is the ratio of the number of employees who are members of trade unions to all the employees in a country or population. This is lower than the collective agreement coverage rate, which refers to all people in work places where terms are collectively agreed. Trade unions collectively bargain with employers for improved pay, conditions, and voice at work by means of the increased bargaining power that employees have together compared to what they would have as individuals. The number of people who are covered by collective agreements is higher than

title: What the Water Gave Me (song)

text: "Billboard" Hot 100 which was the bands second appearance on the chart after "Dog Days Are Over" from the album "Lungs". On the Australian Singles Chart, "What the Water Gave Me" debuted at number 35 on 11 September 2011 and it fell to number 43 the next week. In New Zealand, the song debuted at number 15 on 28 August 2011 and it fell to number 35 the next week. It performed better on the UK Singles Chart where it peaked at number 24 on 3 September 2011 and in Ireland where it peaked at number 13. A video for