query: What mineral helps prevent osteoporosis?

title: Osteoporosis

text: whereas this risk is only 1.9% and 2.4% in Chinese men and women. Diet may also be a factor that is responsible for this difference, as vitamin D, calcium, magnesium, and folate are all linked to bone mineral density. About 22 million women and 5.5 million men in the European Union had osteoporosis in 2010. In the United States in 2010 about 8 million women and one to 2 million men had osteoporosis. This places a large economic burden on the healthcare system due to costs of treatment, long-term disability, and loss of productivity in the working population. The EU

title: Steroid-induced osteoporosis

text: of calcitonin, bisphosphonates, sodium fluoride or anabolic steroids also suggested in refractory cases. Alternate day use may not prevent this complication. Mechanisms of SIOP include: Steroid-induced osteoporosis Steroid-induced osteoporosis (SIOP) is osteoporosis arising due to use of glucocorticoids (steroid hormones) - analogous to Cushing's syndrome and involving mainly the axial skeleton. The synthetic glucocorticoid prescription drug prednisone is a main candidate after prolonged intake. Bisphosphonates are beneficial in reducing the risk of vertebral fractures. Some professional guidelines recommend prophylactic calcium and vitamin D supplementation in patients who take the equivalent of more than 30 mg hydrocortisone (7.5 mg of prednisolone),

title: Osteoporosis

text: and moderation of alcohol intake are commonly recommended as ways to help prevent it. In people with coeliac disease adherence to a gluten-free diet decreases the risk of developing osteoporosis and increases bone density. The diet must ensure optimal calcium intake (of at least one gram daily) and measuring vitamin D levels is recommended, and to take specific supplements if necessary. Studies of the benefits of supplementation with calcium and vitamin D are conflicting, possibly because most studies did not have people with low dietary intakes. A 2018 review by the USPSTF found low-quality evidence that the routine use of

title: Senile osteoporosis

text: Senile osteoporosis Senile osteoporosis, formerly known as osteoporosis type II, has been recently recognized as a geriatric syndrome with a particular pathophysiology. It has been pointed out that senile osteoporosis is the product of a skeleton in an advanced stage of life and also due to a deficiency caused by calcium, but physicians are also coming to the conclusion that multiple mechanisms in the development stages of the disease interact together and the product is an osteoporotic bone, regardless of age. Most of the etiologic considerations regarding senile osteoporosis are not very clear for physicians yet. But based on the

title: International Bone and Mineral Society

text: BoneKEy", an open access website. "BoneKEy Reports" is the official online journal of the society. International Bone and Mineral Society The International Bone and Mineral Society (IBMS) is a learned society in the field of bone and mineral metabolism, including osteoporosis and other diseases of bone. IBMS started as the Parathyroid Conferences, a triennial event from 1960 to 1977. In 1980, the group was incorporated in Quebec, Canada under the name International Conferences on Calcium Regulating Hormones. In 1995 the name was changed to IBMS and it was registered as a 501(c)(3) organization with headquarters in Washington, D.C., United States.

title: International Bone and Mineral Society

text: International Bone and Mineral Society The International Bone and Mineral Society (IBMS) is a learned society in the field of bone and mineral metabolism, including osteoporosis and other diseases of bone. IBMS started as the Parathyroid Conferences, a triennial event from 1960 to 1977. In 1980, the group was incorporated in Quebec, Canada under the name International Conferences on Calcium Regulating Hormones. In 1995 the name was changed to IBMS and it was registered as a 501(c)(3) organization with headquarters in Washington, D.C., United States. IBMS holds annual scientific meetings and publishes the scientific journal "Bone". IBMS also publishes "IBMS

title: International Osteoporosis Foundation

text: individuals to assess whether they are consuming enough calcium as part of a regular diet. The IOF One-Minute Osteoporosis Risk Test enables people to understand the status of bone health through a series of simple questions on family history and personal clinical risk factors. Launched in March 2017 with a call for ‘"No more broken bones"’, the IOF Global Patient Charter, was developed in cooperation with osteoporosis patient societies worldwide. It seeks to drive global action for improved osteoporosis prevention and fracture patient care. The Charter calls on healthcare authorities to address the needs of millions of osteoporosis patients worldwide,

title: Osteoporosis

text: that diets today have much lower amounts of calcium than the diets of other primates or the tetrapedal ancestors to humans which may lead to higher likelihood to show signs of osteoporosis. The underlying mechanism in all cases of osteoporosis is an imbalance between bone resorption and bone formation. In normal bone, matrix remodeling of bone is constant; up to 10% of all bone mass may be undergoing remodeling at any point in time. The process takes place in bone multicellular units (BMUs) as first described by Frost & Thomas in 1963. Osteoclasts are assisted by transcription factor PU.1 to

title: Steroid-induced osteoporosis

text: Steroid-induced osteoporosis Steroid-induced osteoporosis (SIOP) is osteoporosis arising due to use of glucocorticoids (steroid hormones) - analogous to Cushing's syndrome and involving mainly the axial skeleton. The synthetic glucocorticoid prescription drug prednisone is a main candidate after prolonged intake. Bisphosphonates are beneficial in reducing the risk of vertebral fractures. Some professional guidelines recommend prophylactic calcium and vitamin D supplementation in patients who take the equivalent of more than 30 mg hydrocortisone (7.5 mg of prednisolone), especially when this is in excess of three months. The use of thiazide diuretics, and gonadal hormone replacement has also been recommended, with the use

title: Australian and New Zealand Bone and Mineral Society

text: science. The ANZBMS liaises extensively with other international societies with shared interests. The first joint meeting with the International Congress on Calcium Regulating Hormones (later to become the International Bone and Mineral Society or IBMS) was held in Melbourne in 1995. This relationship was further strengthened with the 2000 International Bone and Hormone Meeting held on Hamilton Island and the 2007 joint meeting in Sydney. In 1999, the ANZBMS joined the Committee of National Societies of the International Osteoporosis Foundation (IOF). In 2011, the ANZBMS hosted the 2nd IOF Asia-Pacific Osteoporosis and Bone Meeting, a high calibre scientific event held

title: Senile osteoporosis

text: intake of calcium in elder people is quite low, and this problem is worsened by a reduced capability to ingest it. This, attached to a decrease in the absorption of vitamin D concerning metabolism, are also factors that contributes to a diagnosis of osteoporosis type II. Even though more studies are necessary for an efficient evaluation of the role played by zinc in senile osteoporosis, doctors recommend a proper supplementation of dietary zinc. Replacement estrogen has proved to be an efficient way to combat the loss of bone mass in women when such treatment is started in the menopausal stage

title: Mineral

text: most common disilicates by far are members of the epidote group. Epidotes are found in variety of geologic settings, ranging from mid-ocean ridge to granites to metapelites. Epidotes are built around the structure [(SiO)(SiO)] structure; for example, the mineral "species" epidote has calcium, aluminium, and ferric iron to charge balance: CaAl(Fe, Al)(SiO)(SiO)O(OH). The presence of iron as Fe and Fe helps understand oxygen fugacity, which in turn is a significant factor in petrogenesis. Other examples of sorosilicates include lawsonite, a metamorphic mineral forming in the blueschist facies (subduction zone setting with low temperature and high pressure), vesuvianite, which takes up

title: Osteoporosis

text: calcium supplementation, kidney stones, and stomach problems. Vitamin K deficiency is also a risk factor for osteoporotic fractures. The gene gamma-glutamyl carboxylase (GGCX) is dependent on vitamin K. Functional polymorphisms in the gene could attribute to variation in bone metabolism and BMD. Vitamin K2 is also used as a means of treatment for osteoporosis and the polymorphisms of GGCX could explain the individual variation in the response to treatment of vitamin K. A 2011 review reported a small benefit of physical exercise on bone density of postmenopausal women. The chances of having a fracture were also slightly reduced (absolute difference

title: Osteoporosis

text: calcium and vitamin D supplements (or both supplements together) did not reduce the risk of having an osteoporotic fracture in male and female adults living in the community who had no known history of vitamin D deficiency, osteoporosis, or a fracture. Furthermore, the same review found moderate-quality evidence that the combination of vitamin D and calcium supplementation increases the risk for developing kidney stones in this population. The evidence was insufficient to determine if supplementation with vitamin D, calcium, or the combination of both had an effect on the risk of cancer, cardiovascular disease, or death from any cause. The

title: Hydrochlorothiazide

text: is also sometimes used to prevent osteopenia and for treatment of hypoparathyroidism, hypercalciuria, Dent's disease, and Ménière's disease. For diabetes insipidus, the effect of thiazide diuretics is presumably mediated by a hypovolemia-induced increase in proximal sodium and water reabsorption, thereby diminishing water delivery to the ADH-sensitive sites in the collecting tubules and increasing the urine osmolality. Thiazides are also used in the treatment of osteoporosis. Thiazides decrease mineral bone loss by promoting calcium retention in the kidney, and by directly stimulating osteoblast differentiation and bone mineral formation. It may be given together with other antihypertensive agents in fixed-dose combination preparations,

title: Senile osteoporosis

text: current evidence attached to clinical experimentation, it has been determined that the pathogenesis of the disease is clearly related to a deficiency of zinc. Such deficiency is known to lead to an increment of endogenous heparin, which is most likely caused by mast cell degranulation, and an increase in the bone resorption (calcium discharge in the bones) reaction of prostaglandin E2, which constrain the formation of more bone mass, making bones more fragile. These co-factors are shown to play an important role in the pathogenetic process attached to senile osteoporosis as they enhance the action of the parathyroid hormone. The

title: Osteoporosis

text: bone mineral density, age, smoking, alcohol usage, weight, and gender. Recognized calculators include FRAX and Dubbo. The term "established osteoporosis" is used when a broken bone due to osteoporosis has occurred. Osteoporosis is a part of frailty syndrome. The increased risk of falling associated with aging leads to fractures of the wrist, spine, and hip. The risk of falling, in turn, is increased by impaired eyesight due to any cause (e.g. glaucoma, macular degeneration), balance disorder, movement disorders (e.g. Parkinson's disease), dementia, and sarcopenia (age-related loss of skeletal muscle). Collapse (transient loss of postural tone with or without loss of

title: Osteoporosis

text: proper diet during childhood and efforts to avoid medications that increase the rate of bone loss. Efforts to prevent broken bones in those with osteoporosis include a good diet, exercise, and fall prevention. Lifestyle changes such as stopping smoking and not drinking alcohol may help. Biphosphonate medications are useful in those with previous broken bones due to osteoporosis. In those with osteoporosis but no previous broken bones, they are less effective. A number of other medications may also be useful. Osteoporosis becomes more common with age. About 15% of white people in their 50s and 70% of those over 80

title: Osteoporosis

text: 4%). People who exercised had on average less bone loss (0.85% at the spine, 1.03% at the hip). Weight-bearing endurance exercise and/or exercises to strengthen muscles improve bone strength in those with osteoporosis. Aerobics, weight bearing, and resistance exercises all maintain or increase BMD in postmenopausal women. Fall prevention can help prevent osteoporosis complications. There is some evidence for hip protectors specifically among those who are in care homes. Bisphosphonates are useful in decreasing the risk of future fractures in those who have already sustained a fracture due to osteoporosis. This benefit is present when taken for three to four

title: Osteoporosis

text: Around the ages of 30–35, cancellous or trabecular bone loss begins. Women may lose as much as 50%, while men lose about 30%. The diagnosis of osteoporosis can be made using conventional radiography and by measuring the bone mineral density (BMD). The most popular method of measuring BMD is dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. In addition to the detection of abnormal BMD, the diagnosis of osteoporosis requires investigations into potentially modifiable underlying causes; this may be done with blood tests. Depending on the likelihood of an underlying problem, investigations for cancer with metastasis to the bone, multiple myeloma, Cushing's disease and other

title: National Osteoporosis Society

text: The charity launched its new Research Strategy in October 2017. The Research Strategy aspires to progress the Charity's four key aims to "Care, Support, Prevent and Cure" osteoporosis, and reinforces the charity's commitment to drive their research agenda through: The Duchess of Cornwall Award was created by the charity in 2009. It recognises an individual for their outstanding contribution to the field of osteoporosis, in any of the following areas: Recipients to date have included: National Osteoporosis Society The National Osteoporosis Society (NOS), established in 1986, is the only UK-wide charity dedicated to improving the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of

title: Osteoporosis

text: strontium ranelate can help to prevent osteoporotic fragility fractures in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. Although people with osteoporosis have increased mortality due to the complications of fracture, the fracture itself is rarely lethal. Hip fractures can lead to decreased mobility and additional risks of numerous complications (such as deep venous thrombosis and/or pulmonary embolism, and pneumonia). The six-month mortality rate for those aged 50 and above following hip fracture was found to be around 13.5%, with a substantial proportion (almost 13%) needing total assistance to mobilize after a hip fracture. Vertebral fractures, while having a smaller impact on mortality, can

title: Osteoporosis

text: medication among those at low risk, bisphosphonate treatment can be stopped. In those at higher risk they recommend up to ten years of medication by mouth or six years of intravenous treatment. For those with osteoporosis but who have not had a fracture evidence does not support a reduction in fracture risk with risedronate or etidronate. Alendronate decreases fractures of the spine but does not have any effect on other types of fractures. Half stop their medications within a year. When on treatment with bisphosphonates rechecking bone mineral density is not needed. Another review found tentative evidence of benefit in

title: Osteoporosis

text: mineral density is less than or equal to 2.5 standard deviations below that of a young (30–40-year-old), healthy adult women reference population. This is translated as a T-score. But because bone density decreases with age, more people become osteoporotic with increasing age. The World Health Organization has established the following diagnostic guidelines: The International Society for Clinical Densitometry takes the position that a diagnosis of osteoporosis in men under 50 years of age should not be made on the basis of densitometric criteria alone. It also states, for premenopausal women, Z-scores (comparison with age group rather than peak bone mass)

title: National Osteoporosis Society

text: fundraising target of £4m over the next 5 years, which will help to ensure all patients receive the same care and treatment across the UK through increased provision of FLS. In 2016, charity President Her Royal Highness The Duchess of Cornwall wrote to British astronaut Tim Peake, thanking him for his help in osteoporosis research during his time in space. The work undertaken was designed to help researchers develop interventions to prevent bone loss and to help future space travellers as well as people living with osteoporosis on Earth. 2017 saw the launch of the charity’s most recent awareness campaign,

title: Osteoporosis

text: vertebral fractures for which spinal radiography can help considerably in diagnosis and follow-up. Vertebral height measurements can objectively be made using plain-film X-rays by using several methods such as height loss together with area reduction, particularly when looking at vertical deformity in T4-L4, or by determining a spinal fracture index that takes into account the number of vertebrae involved. Involvement of multiple vertebral bodies leads to kyphosis of the thoracic spine, leading to what is known as dowager's hump. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA scan) is considered the gold standard for the diagnosis of osteoporosis. Osteoporosis is diagnosed when the bone

title: Osteoporosis

text: males with osteoporosis. Fluoride supplementation does not appear to be effective in postmenopausal osteoporosis, as even though it increases bone density, it does not decrease the risk of fractures. Teriparatide (a recombinant parathyroid hormone) has been shown to be effective in treatment of women with postmenopausal osteoporosis. Some evidence also indicates strontium ranelate is effective in decreasing the risk of vertebral and nonvertebral fractures in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. Hormone replacement therapy, while effective for osteoporosis, is only recommended in women who also have menopausal symptoms. It is not recommended for osteoporosis by itself. Raloxifene, while effective in decreasing vertebral

title: Osteoporosis

text: chronic malnutrition in the agricultural area in which these individuals lived. "It follows that the skeletal deformation may be attributed to their heavy labor in agriculture as well as to their chronic malnutrition", causing the osteoporosis seen when radiographs of the remains were made. Osteoporosis means "porous bones", from Greek: οστούν/"ostoun" meaning "bone" and πόρος/"poros" meaning "pore". Osteoporosis Osteoporosis is a disease where increased bone weakness increases the risk of a broken bone. It is the most common reason for a broken bone among the elderly. Bones that commonly break include the vertebrae in the spine, the bones of the

title: Osteoporosis

text: harm versus benefit of screening for osteoporosis is unknown. Prescrire states that the need to test for osteoporosis in those who have not had a previous bone fracture is unclear. The International Society for Clinical Densitometry suggest BMD testing for men 70 or older, or those who are indicated for risk equal to that of a 70‑year‑old. A number of tools exist to help determine who is reasonable to test. Lifestyle prevention of osteoporosis is in many aspects the inverse of the potentially modifiable risk factors. As tobacco smoking and high alcohol intake have been linked with osteoporosis, smoking cessation

title: Osteoporosis

text: the use of medication that increases osteoporosis risk may be unavoidable. Caffeine is not a risk factor for osteoporosis. It is more likely in females than males. Many diseases and disorders have been associated with osteoporosis. For some, the underlying mechanism influencing the bone metabolism is straightforward, whereas for others the causes are multiple or unknown. Certain medications have been associated with an increase in osteoporosis risk; only glucocorticosteroids and anticonvulsants are classically associated, but evidence is emerging with regard to other drugs. Age-related bone loss is common among humans due to exhibiting less dense bones than other primate species.

title: Osteoporosis

text: are affected. It is more common in women than men. In the developed world, depending on the method of diagnosis, 2% to 8% of males and 9% to 38% of females are affected. Rates of disease in the developing world are unclear. About 22 million women and 5.5 million men in the European Union had osteoporosis in 2010. In the United States in 2010, about eight million women and one to two million men had osteoporosis. White and Asian people are at greater risk. The word "osteoporosis" is from the Greek terms for "porous bones". Osteoporosis itself has no symptoms;

title: World Osteoporosis Day

text: the International Osteoporosis Foundation. In 1998 and 1999, the World Health Organization acted as co-sponsor of World Osteoporosis Day. The day also marks the launch of a year-long campaign to raise awareness of osteoporosis and metabolic bone disease. Since 1999 these campaigns have featured a specific theme. World Osteoporosis Day World Osteoporosis Day is observed annually on October 20th, and launches a year-long campaign dedicated to raising global awareness of the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis and metabolic bone disease. Organized by the International Osteoporosis Foundation (IOF), the World Osteoporosis Day campaign is accompanied by community events and local

title: World Osteoporosis Day

text: World Osteoporosis Day World Osteoporosis Day is observed annually on October 20th, and launches a year-long campaign dedicated to raising global awareness of the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis and metabolic bone disease. Organized by the International Osteoporosis Foundation (IOF), the World Osteoporosis Day campaign is accompanied by community events and local campaigns by national osteoporosis patient societies from around the world with activities in over 90 countries. World Osteoporosis Day was launched on October 20th 1996 by the United Kingdom’s National Osteoporosis Society and supported by the European Commission. Since 1997, the awareness day has been organised by

title: National Osteoporosis Society

text: as the Royal Osteoporosis Society in 2019. 2019 marks two significant moments – it is the 25th anniversary since the National Osteoporosis Society, the European Foundation for Osteoporosis (now IOF) and the World Health Organisation announced the landmark decision on how to clinically define osteoporosis across the world. It also marks 25 years since National Osteoporosis Society president, Her Royal Highness The Duchess of Cornwall, started her longstanding association with the National Osteoporosis Society. The National Osteoporosis Society supports ground-breaking and pioneering research aimed at improving the prevention, diagnosis treatment of osteoporosis. The charity has invested over £5 million in

title: American Society for Bone and Mineral Research

text: renamed the National Osteoporosis Foundation. The "Journal of Bone and Mineral Research" (JBMR)], the official journal of the ASBMR, was established in 1986. Initially a bi-monthly publication, it became a monthly journal in 1990. Lawrence G. Raisz served as the first Editor-in-Chief of the JBMR. The ASBMR published the first edition of "The Primer on the Metabolic Bone Diseases and Disorders of Mineral Metabolism", a textbook for medical and graduate students, in 1990. Murray J. Favus served as the Editor-in-Chief for the first six editions of the Primer. The rise of new pharmacological treatments for osteoporosis in the 1990s, most

title: Osteoporosis

text: spends 37 billion euros per year in healthcare costs related to osteoporosis, and the US spends an estimated 19 billion USD annually for related healthcare costs. The link between age-related reductions in bone density and fracture risk goes back at least to Astley Cooper, and the term "osteoporosis" and recognition of its pathological appearance is generally attributed to the French pathologist Jean Lobstein. The American endocrinologist Fuller Albright linked osteoporosis with the postmenopausal state. Bisphosphonates were discovered in the 1960s. Anthropologists have studied skeletal remains that showed loss of bone density and associated structural changes that were linked to a

title: Osteoporosis

text: the ribs are common in men as young as age 35. These are often overlooked as signs of osteoporosis, as these men are often physically active and suffer the fracture in the course of physical activity. An example would be as a result of falling while water skiing or jet skiing. However, a quick test of the individual's testosterone level following the diagnosis of the fracture will readily reveal whether that individual might be at risk. It is estimated that 200 million people have osteoporosis. Osteoporosis becomes more common with age. About 15% of White people in their 50s and

title: Osteoporosis

text: Because of the more porous bones of humans, frequency of severe osteoporosis and osteoporosis related fractures is higher. The human vulnerability to osteoporosis is an obvious cost but it can be justified by the advantage of bipedalism inferring that this vulnerability is the byproduct of such. It has been suggested that porous bones help to absorb the increased stress that we have on two surfaces compared to our primate counterparts who have four surfaces to disperse the force. In addition, the porosity allows for more flexibility and a lighter skeleton that is easier to support. One other consideration may be

title: Osteoporosis

text: Osteoporosis Osteoporosis is a disease where increased bone weakness increases the risk of a broken bone. It is the most common reason for a broken bone among the elderly. Bones that commonly break include the vertebrae in the spine, the bones of the forearm, and the hip. Until a broken bone occurs there are typically no symptoms. Bones may weaken to such a degree that a break may occur with minor stress or spontaneously. Chronic pain and a decreased ability to carry out normal activities may occur following a broken bone. Osteoporosis may be due to lower-than-normal maximum bone mass

title: Osteoporosis

text: rather than T-scores should be used, and the diagnosis of osteoporosis in such women also should not be made on the basis of densitometric criteria alone. Chemical biomarkers are a useful tool in detecting bone degradation. The enzyme cathepsin K breaks down type-I collagen, an important constituent in bones. Prepared antibodies can recognize the resulting fragment, called a neoepitope, as a way to diagnose osteoporosis. Increased urinary excretion of C-telopeptides, a type-I collagen breakdown product, also serves as a biomarker for osteoporosis. Quantitative computed tomography (QCT) differs from DXA in that it gives separate estimates of BMD for trabecular and

title: Osteoporosis

text: above-mentioned causes may be performed. Conventional radiography is useful, both by itself and in conjunction with CT or MRI, for detecting complications of osteopenia (reduced bone mass; pre-osteoporosis), such as fractures; for differential diagnosis of osteopenia; or for follow-up examinations in specific clinical settings, such as soft tissue calcifications, secondary hyperparathyroidism, or osteomalacia in renal osteodystrophy. However, radiography is relatively insensitive to detection of early disease and requires a substantial amount of bone loss (about 30%) to be apparent on X-ray images. The main radiographic features of generalized osteoporosis are cortical thinning and increased radiolucency. Frequent complications of osteoporosis are

title: Osteoporosis

text: and greater-than-normal bone loss. Bone loss increases after menopause due to lower levels of estrogen. Osteoporosis may also occur due to a number of diseases or treatments, including alcoholism, anorexia, hyperthyroidism, kidney disease, and surgical removal of the ovaries. Certain medications increase the rate of bone loss, including some antiseizure medications, chemotherapy, proton pump inhibitors, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, and glucocorticosteroids. Smoking and too little exercise are also risk factors. Osteoporosis is defined as a bone density of 2.5 standard deviations below that of a young adult. This is typically measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Prevention of osteoporosis includes a

title: Senile osteoporosis

text: of their lives. John R. Lee, a Harvard graduate who wrote a book on the subject, came to the conclusion that by adding supplementation with natural progesterone to an existing natural osteoporosis treatment program, bone density was increased every year by 3-5% until it stabilized at the bone density levels expected for a 35-year-old woman, this after studies in 100 women between 38 and 83 with an average of 62 years old. Senile osteoporosis Senile osteoporosis, formerly known as osteoporosis type II, has been recently recognized as a geriatric syndrome with a particular pathophysiology. It has been pointed out that

title: International Osteoporosis Foundation

text: International Osteoporosis Foundation The International Osteoporosis Foundation (IOF), headquartered in Nyon, Switzerland, is a non-governmental organization founded in 1998. It was formed from the merger of the European Foundation for Osteoporosis, founded in 1987, and the International Federation of Societies on Skeletal Diseases. The foundation functions as a global alliance of individuals and organizations concerned with the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis and musculoskeletal bone disease. The goal of the Foundation is to increase the early detection of osteoporosis and related musculoskeletal diseases, as well as to improve the treatment of these conditions through international collaboration among national healthcare

title: National Osteoporosis Society

text: National Osteoporosis Society The National Osteoporosis Society (NOS), established in 1986, is the only UK-wide charity dedicated to improving the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis. It is based in Camerton, Somerset, England. Osteoporosis is a fragile bone condition. It can lead to painful and debilitating broken bones, particularly of the wrist, hip and spine. Broken bones are also known as fractures. Often these occur from just a minor bump or fall and many such breaks could have been prevented with earlier diagnosis and treatment. Is it estimated that over three million people in Britain are affected by osteoporosis, causing

title: International Osteoporosis Foundation

text: who should have the right to diagnosis, care, involvement, and support. The International Osteoporosis Foundation was established in 1998 with the merger of the European Foundation for Osteoporosis (EFFO) and the International Federation of Societies on Skeletal Diseases (IFSSD). In 2008 IOF was granted Roster Consultative Status with the United Nations Economic and Social Council. Since 2010, IOF and the European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis, Osteoarthritis and Musculoskeletal Diseases (ESCEO) jointly organize the annual World Congress on Osteoporosis, Osteoarthritis and Musculoskeletal Diseases (WCO). The first WCO was held in 2000 in Chicago, Illinois and was formerly

title: National Osteoporosis Society

text: 2018 the National Osteoporosis Society announced that it has had a rare Royal title approved by The Queen. Subsequently, the charity has announced its intention to be known as the Royal Osteoporosis Society in 2019. Following its foundation in Somerset in 1986, by Professor Allan Dixon and Linda Edwards, the charity set about the task of raising awareness and fighting for those affected by the osteoporosis. In 1987 membership of the new organisation grew with 2,000 members joining in one year. The charity held its first scientific conference on osteoporosis and bone health in 1988, an annual event which continues

title: National Osteoporosis Society

text: around 500,000 broken bones every year. The society, which celebrated its 30th anniversary in June 2016, works on behalf of all those affected by the condition, to raise awareness and understanding of osteoporosis among the general public and health professionals. Its aim is to prevent future fractures and help and support people living with the condition today. Her Royal Highness The Duchess of Cornwall is President of the charity. Ambassadors include Dr Miriam Stoppard OBE, Miriam Margolyes OBE, Craig Revel Horwood, Susan Hampshire CBE, and Diana Moran. In 2016 the charity’s income totalled more than £4.8 million. On September 23

title: PReVENT

text: around the vehicle. Finally, the Action layer receives a decision information and judges by itself how and when to trigger an information, warning or intervention for the driver. This simplified concept helps the design of intelligent vehicles by using one single reliable and precise source of perception of the environment including the vehicle itself and avoid multiple alerts or conflicting messages displayed to the driver. A major display of the results of the PReVENT project took place in September 2007 together with the i2010: Intelligent Car Initiative 2007 event and the eSafety Forum. PReVENT PReVENT is a European automotive industry

text: science. The ANZBMS also offers several other grants and awards that recognise the high standard of bone and mineral research and promote education. These include the Sol Posen Research Award, the Roger Melick Young Investigator Award, the Christopher and Margie Nordin Young Investigator Poster Award, the Kaye Ibbertson Award for Bone and Mineral Medicine, the ANZBMS Career Achievement Award and, in conjunction with Osteoporosis Australia, the Philip Sambrook Award. These and a number of other (travel) awards are available to financial members of ANZBMS. Australian and New Zealand Bone and Mineral Society The Australian and New Zealand Bone and Mineral

text: in conjunction with the Japanese Society for Bone and Mineral Research. In 2012, the ANZBMS became the third society to establish a firm partnership with the International Bone and Mineral Society, facilitating scientific collaboration and open access to the BoneKey knowledge environment. Other member societies of IBMS are the Spanish Research Society for Bone and Mineral Metabolism (SEIOMM) and the Japanese Society for Bone and Mineral Research (JSBMR). In 2017, the ANZBMS will host a joint IBMS/ANZBMS meeting in Brisbane. The ANZBMS maintains close links to Osteoporosis Australia, a not-for-profit organisation that is the main consumer body in the bone

title: Pregnancy and lactation-associated osteoporosis

text: predisposing cause of osteoporosis or bone fragility. Pregnancy and lactation-associated osteoporosis Pregnancy- and lactation-associated osteoporosis (PLO; also known as pregnancy-associated osteoporosis PAO and pregnancy-related osteoporosis) is a rare early presentation of osteoporosis in which young women experience low trauma or spontaneous fractures during or soon after pregnancy or lactation. Fragility fractures of the spine are most commonly described, but the condition can be associated with other types of fracture. , The symptoms usually appear during or after a first pregnancy with the most common complaint being severe back pain The exact causes of the disease are not yet known, and

title: Osteoporosis

text: 70% of those over 80 are affected. It is more common in women than men. In the developed world, depending on the method of diagnosis, 2% to 8% of males and 9% to 38% of females are affected. Rates of disease in the developing world are unclear. There are 8.9 million fractures worldwide per year due to osteoporosis. Globally, 1 in 3 women and 1 in 5 men over the age of 50 will have an osteoporotic fracture. Data from the United States shows a decrease in osteoporosis within the general population and in white women, from 18% in 1994

title: Osteoporosis

text: its main consequence is the increased risk of bone fractures. Osteoporotic fractures occur in situations where healthy people would not normally break a bone; they are therefore regarded as fragility fractures. Typical fragility fractures occur in the vertebral column, rib, hip and wrist. Fractures are a common symptom of osteoporosis and can result in disability. Acute and chronic pain in the elderly is often attributed to fractures from osteoporosis and can lead to further disability and early mortality. These fractures may also be asymptomatic. The most common osteoporotic fractures are of the wrist, spine, shoulder and hip. The symptoms of

text: Pregnancy and lactation-associated osteoporosis Pregnancy- and lactation-associated osteoporosis (PLO; also known as pregnancy-associated osteoporosis PAO and pregnancy-related osteoporosis) is a rare early presentation of osteoporosis in which young women experience low trauma or spontaneous fractures during or soon after pregnancy or lactation. Fragility fractures of the spine are most commonly described, but the condition can be associated with other types of fracture. , The symptoms usually appear during or after a first pregnancy with the most common complaint being severe back pain The exact causes of the disease are not yet known, and most women with PLO have no known

title: International Osteoporosis Foundation

text: run by the IOF secretariat. Since 2010, there have been 11 WCO congresses organized in collaboration with ESCEO. In addition to the annual WCO congress, IOF also hosts regional meetings and has organized 9 regional meetings since 2010 across Latin America, Middle East & Africa, and Asia Pacific. International Osteoporosis Foundation The International Osteoporosis Foundation (IOF), headquartered in Nyon, Switzerland, is a non-governmental organization founded in 1998. It was formed from the merger of the European Foundation for Osteoporosis, founded in 1987, and the International Federation of Societies on Skeletal Diseases. The foundation functions as a global alliance of individuals

title: International Osteoporosis Foundation

text: systems and governments. The Foundation is the largest global NGO dedicated to osteoporosis and musculoskeletal diseases. Members of IOF are divided into a committee of 240 National Societies, a committee of 148 Scientific Advisors, and a committee of Corporate Advisors. Individuals may register as free or professional members via the IOF website. The current president of IOF is Professor Cyrus Cooper. IOF is a member of the Non Communicable Disease (NCD) Alliance as of 2015. IOF publishes the following journals: The International Osteoporosis Foundation organises the annual World Osteoporosis Day, observed internationally on October 20th . The day is dedicated

title: National Osteoporosis Society

text: the charity launched its first Research Appeal to fund ground-breaking research into osteoporosis and in 1997, the charity went online with its first website. 1998 saw the first government strategy on osteoporosis launched following years of campaigning. The charity also worked with students from the London College of Fashion to host a fashion show highlighting the problems of finding great looking clothes to fit people with osteoporosis. The following year, Dr Miriam Stoppard OBE became an ambassador of the charity helping to raise awareness of the condition and actor Ross Kemp lent his support in launching the charity’s Bone Friendly

title: National Osteoporosis Society

text: today, attracting hundreds of health professionals. The conference is now recognised across the world as an important date in the bone health calendar. Membership reached 13,500 in 1991 as increasing numbers of people affected by osteoporosis join the charity for help and support. In 1992 the charity launched its telephone Helpline with just two specialist osteoporosis nurses. 1993 saw the charity develop its first education pack for schools with the focus on helping people to build stronger bones. The following year, 50,000 leaflets about osteoporosis and bone health were sent to fracture clinics in hospitals across the UK. In 1996,

title: PReVENT

text: January 2008. It involves more than 50 European partners from the most prominent vehicle manufacturers and equipment suppliers (Tiers1) to the best intelligent vehicle research laboratories in Europe. Three general concepts have been followed throughout the PReVENT Integrated Project: The Virtual Safety Belt, the Time-To-Collision timescale and Three-layer architecture. The Virtual Safety Belt is the concept of integrating complementary safety functions in one vehicle. PReVENT partners have worked together to develop the virtual safety belt around the vehicle by: The virtual safety belt helps drivers to: The Time-To-Collision concept is a time scale of events preceding and following a crash

text: published on the biology and physiology of bone and muscle, relevant systems biology topics (e.g. osteoimmunology), and the pathophysiology and treatment of osteoporosis, sarcopenia and other disorders of bone and mineral metabolism. 2016 "Journal Citation Reports" Impact Factor was 6.3, ranking 15/138 (Endocrinology & Metabolism). JBMR readers include basic scientists and physicians specializing in endocrinology, physiology, cell biology, pathology, molecular genetics, epidemiology, internal medicine, rheumatology, orthopaedics, geriatrics, dentistry, gynecology, molecular biology, nephrology and many other disciplines. The JBMR’s international editorial board encourages manuscript submissions from around the world. The "Primer on the Metabolic Bone Diseases and Disorders of Mineral Metabolism"

text: broad goals include supporting the educational development of future generations of basic and clinical scientists, and disseminating new knowledge in bone and mineral metabolism. In the 1970s, a growing number of US-based scientists began to focus their research on the understanding of basic bone biology and the disease osteoporosis. This led to the rise of a new field – bone and mineral research. In 1974, while attending the annual meeting of The Endocrine Society in Chicago, Illinois, USA, bone scientists Louis Avioli, Claude Arnaud, Norman Bell, William Peck, John Potts and Lawrence Raisz, along with Shirley Hohl, met at the

title: Mineral waters of Azerbaijan

text: heart muscles, the normalization of metabolism, and activation of blood pressure. The source of Badamli mineral water is situated at 1274 meter over the sea level. This spring was discovered in the middle of the last century. During 1945-1947 geologist Dr. Aziz Azgerov made important scientific investigations in the territory to investigate Badamly mineral water. Vaykhir is situated at 17 km distance from the city of Nakhchivan (1400m above the sea level). This mineral water contains carbonated, chloride-hydrocarbonated-natrium. Vaykhir mineral water helps gastroenteric diseases, chronical gastritis, metabolism disturbance (sugar diabet, gastritis, diathesis, ocsalanturium) illness. Treatment zones with mineral waters in

title: Mineral acid

text: Large quantities of these acids – especially sulfuric acid, nitric acid, and hydrochloric acid – are manufactured for commercial use in large plants. Mineral acids are also used directly for their corrosive properties. For example, a dilute solution of hydrochloric acid is used for removing the deposits from the inside of boilers, with precautions taken to prevent the corrosion of the boiler by the acid. This process is known as descaling. Mineral acid A mineral acid (or inorganic acid) is an acid derived from one or more inorganic compounds. All mineral acids form hydrogen ions and the conjugate base when

title: Mineral waters of Azerbaijan

text: built in those areas. Nakhchivan is called “Natural museum of mineral waters”. It is not accidentally. Very valuable mineral waters such as Sirab, Badamly, Vaykhir, Daridagh, Nahajir, Jahri, Deste, Gahab, etc. are widespread in Nakhchivan. Sirab The source of this mineral water is in the mountains terrain. There are three mineral water basins which differ from each other for their chemical compounds in Sirab (Kalbaaghil, Shorsudara and Kutandagh.). Sirab contains iron, bromine, lithium, strontium and other useful chemical elements. It is useful in the treatment of gastro-intestinal, liver, kidney, urinary and other diseases, as well helps breathing, correct rhythm of

title: National Osteoporosis Society

text: care of osteoporosis. In 2010, 375,000 free information leaflets were sent out in response to enquiries from members and health professionals. The charity celebrated its 30th anniversary in 2016. Ambassador Susan Hampshire CBE was presented with the "Duchess of Cornwall Award" in recognition of her work to raise awareness and funds for those affected by osteoporosis. The ‘Sunlight’ campaign launched in 2013 advising people about the bone-building benefits of safe exposure to the sun. Over 5,000 healthcare professionals downloaded the influential Vitamin D and Bone Health clinical guidance/guidelines. In 2014 the charity’s drive to create more Fracture Liaison Services (FLS)

title: National Osteoporosis Society

text: attracted almost 900 scientists and clinicians. As a result of a 2004 inquiry report by an All Party Group of MPs and politicians with an interest in osteoporosis, the Government announced £20 million extra funding for DXA bone density scanners in England in 2005. 2006 saw the charity launch a programme to provide mobile DXA scanning trucks, thanks to a donation from The Grand Lodge of Mark Master Masons. This developed into the Osteoporosis Scanning Services Development Project (OSSDP), providing funding for 14 separate projects in England and Wales. In 2007, the charity launched a further Research Appeal to fund

title: Mineral oil

text: hydraulic fluid in hydraulic machinery and vehicles. An often cited limitation of mineral oil is that it is poorly biodegradable; in some applications, vegetable oils such as cottonseed oil or rapeseed oil may be used instead. Food grade mineral oil has an E number of E905a, although it has not been approved in food products in the European Union, and incidental amounts in foods are carefully regulated. Because of its properties that prevent water absorption, combined with its lack of flavor and odor, food grade mineral oil is a popular preservative for wooden cutting boards, salad bowls, and utensils. Rubbing

title: Mineral oil

text: onto the feet of chickens infected with scaly mites on the shank, toes, and webs. Mineral oil suffocates these tiny parasites. In beekeeping, food grade mineral oil-saturated paper napkins placed in hives are used as a treatment for tracheal and other mites. It is also used along with a cotton swab to remove un-shed skin (ashes) on reptiles such as lizards and snakes. Mineral oil is a common ingredient in baby lotions, cold creams, ointments, and cosmetics. It is a lightweight inexpensive oil that is odorless and tasteless. It can be used on eyelashes to prevent brittleness and breaking and,

title: Mineral

text: they help to define the limits of what constitutes a mineral proper. The formal Nickel (1995) definition explicitly mentioned crystallinity as a key to defining a substance as a mineral. A 2011 article defined icosahedrite, an aluminium-iron-copper alloy as mineral; named for its unique natural icosahedral symmetry, it is a quasicrystal. Unlike a true crystal, quasicrystals are ordered but not periodic. Minerals are not equivalent to rocks. A rock is an aggregate of one or more minerals or mineraloids. Some rocks, such as limestone or quartzite, are composed primarily of one mineral—calcite or aragonite in the case of limestone, and

title: Estrogen

text: for studying human psychosexual differentiation has been questioned. Estrogens are responsible for both the pubertal growth spurt, which causes an acceleration in linear growth, and epiphyseal closure, which limits height and limb length, in both females and males. In addition, estrogens are responsible for bone maturation and maintenance of bone mineral density throughout life. Due to hypoestrogenism, the risk of osteoporosis increases during menopause. Women suffer less from heart disease due to vasculo-protective action of estrogen which helps in preventing atherosclerosis. It also helps in maintaining the delicate balance between fighting infections and protecting arteries from damage thus lowering the

title: Frailty syndrome

text: osteoporosis the bone mineral density (BMD) is reduced, bone microarchitecture is disrupted, and the amount and variety of proteins in bone is altered. Osteoporosis is defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) in women as a bone mineral density 2.5 standard deviations below peak bone mass (20-year-old healthy female average) as measured by DXA; the term "established osteoporosis" includes the presence of a fragility fracture. Osteoporosis is most common in women after menopause, when it is called "postmenopausal osteoporosis", but may also develop in men, and may occur in anyone in the presence of particular hormonal disorders and other chronic

title: Silicate mineral paint

text: and are easier to wash off. Silicate paints are incombustible and free of organic additives or solvents (DIN 18363 Painting and coating work Section 2.4.1). Silicate paints are highly color-tone stable. As they are solely colored with mineral pigments that do not fade with exposure to UV radiation, the silicate paint coats remain constant in color for decades. Silicate paints are based upon mineral raw materials. They are environmentally compatible in manufacture and effect. Their high durability helps to preserve resources and their contaminant-free composition preserves health and environment. For this reason, silicate paints have gained popularity, especially in sustainable

title: Strength training

text: muscle tissue that normally accompanies aging—and even regain some functional strength—and by doing so become less frail. They may be able to avoid some types of physical disability. Weight-bearing exercise also helps to prevent osteoporosis and to improve bone strength in those with osteoporosis. The benefits of weight training for older people have been confirmed by studies of people who began engaging in it even in their 80s and 90s. Though strength training can stimulate the cardiovascular system, many exercise physiologists, based on their observation of maximal oxygen uptake, argue that aerobics training is a better cardiovascular stimulus. Central catheter

title: Osteoporosis

text: to 10% in 2006. White and Asian people are at greater risk. People of African descent are at a decreased risk of fractures due to osteoporosis, although they have the highest risk of death following an osteoporotic fracture. It has been shown that latitude affects risk of osteoporotic fracture. Areas of higher latitude such as Northern Europe receive less Vitamin D through sunlight compared to regions closer to the equator, and consequently have higher fracture rates in comparison to lower latitudes. For example, Swedish men and women have a 13% and 28.5% risk of hip fracture by age 50, respectively,

title: Osteoporosis

text: series of 9704 women aged 68.8 on average studied for 15 years, 324 had already suffered a vertebral fracture at entry into the study and 18.2% developed a vertebral fracture, but that risk rose to 41.4% in women who had a previous vertebral fracture. In the United States, 250,000 wrist fractures annually are attributable to osteoporosis. Wrist fractures are the third most common type of osteoporotic fractures. The lifetime risk of sustaining a Colles' fracture is about 16% for white women. By the time women reach age 70, about 20% have had at least one wrist fracture. Fragility fractures of

title: Osteoporosis

text: In the United States, more than 250,000 hip fractures annually are attributable to osteoporosis. A 50-year-old white woman is estimated to have a 17.5% lifetime risk of fracture of the proximal femur. The incidence of hip fractures increases each decade from the sixth through the ninth for both women and men for all populations. The highest incidence is found among men and women ages 80 or older. Between 35 and 50% of all women over 50 had at least one vertebral fracture. In the United States, 700,000 vertebral fractures occur annually, but only about a third are recognized. In a

title: Osteoporosis

text: lead to a severe chronic pain of neurogenic origin, which can be hard to control, as well as deformity. Though rare, multiple vertebral fractures can lead to such severe hunch back (kyphosis), the resulting pressure on internal organs can impair one's ability to breathe. Apart from risk of death and other complications, osteoporotic fractures are associated with a reduced health-related quality of life. The condition is responsible for millions of fractures annually, mostly involving the lumbar vertebrae, hip, and wrist. Fragility fractures of ribs are also common in men. Hip fractures are responsible for the most serious consequences of osteoporosis.

title: Osteoporosis

text: DXA, CT scanners are large and expensive, and because its practice has been less standardized than BMD, its results are more operator-dependent. Peripheral QCT has been introduced to improve upon the limitations of DXA and QCT. Quantitative ultrasound has many advantages in assessing osteoporosis. The modality is small, no ionizing radiation is involved, measurements can be made quickly and easily, and the cost of the device is low compared with DXA and QCT devices. The calcaneus is the most common skeletal site for quantitative ultrasound assessment because it has a high percentage of trabecular bone that is replaced more often

title: Osteoporosis

text: an opportunity to bind to RANK, and hence suppresses its ability to increase bone resorption. RANKL, RANK and OPG are closely related to tumor necrosis factor and its receptors. The role of the Wnt signaling pathway is recognized, but less well understood. Local production of eicosanoids and interleukins is thought to participate in the regulation of bone turnover, and excess or reduced production of these mediators may underlie the development of osteoporosis. Trabecular bone (or cancellous bone) is the sponge-like bone in the ends of long bones and vertebrae. Cortical bone is the hard outer shell of bones and the

title: Osteoporosis

text: degrade the bone matrix, while osteoblasts rebuild the bone matrix. Low bone mass density can then occur when osteoclasts are degrading the bone matrix faster than the osteoblasts are rebuilding the bone. The three main mechanisms by which osteoporosis develops are an inadequate peak bone mass (the skeleton develops insufficient mass and strength during growth), excessive bone resorption, and inadequate formation of new bone during remodeling, likely due to MSC biasing away from the osteoblast and toward the marrow adipocyte lineage. An interplay of these three mechanisms underlies the development of fragile bone tissue. Hormonal factors strongly determine the rate

title: Osteoporosis

text: consciousness) leads to a significant risk of falls; causes of syncope are manifold, but may include cardiac arrhythmias (irregular heart beat), vasovagal syncope, orthostatic hypotension (abnormal drop in blood pressure on standing up), and seizures. Removal of obstacles and loose carpets in the living environment may substantially reduce falls. Those with previous falls, as well as those with gait or balance disorders, are most at risk. Risk factors for osteoporotic fracture can be split between nonmodifiable and (potentially) modifiable. In addition, osteoporosis is a recognized complication of specific diseases and disorders. Medication use is theoretically modifiable, although in many cases,

title: Mineral oil

text: a small amount of mineral oil into a wooden kitchen item periodically, will impede absorption of food liquids, and thereby food odors, and ease cleaning. By impeding water absorption, wetting and drying cycles, which can cause cracks or splits in wood, are reduced although some of the mineral oil is picked up by the food and ingested. Outside of the European Union, it is occasionally used in the food industry, particularly for confectionery. In this application, it is typically used for the glossy effect it produces, and to prevent the candy pieces from adhering to each other. It has been

title: Mineral wool

text: and nutrient uptake in hydroponics; their fibrous nature also provides a good mechanical structure to hold the plant stable. The naturally high pH of mineral wool makes them initially unsuitable to plant growth and requires "conditioning" to produce a wool with an appropriate, stable pH. High-temperature mineral wool is used primarily for insulation and lining of industrial furnaces and foundries to improve efficiency and safety. It is also used to prevent the spread of fire. The use of HTMW enables a more lightweight construction of industrial furnaces and other technical equipment as compared to other methods such as fire bricks,

text: Drake Hotel. The group laid the groundwork for an organization that would promote the study of bone and mineral research, support scientists involved in such research, and facilitate the discussion and exchange of new developments in the field. Three years later, in November 1977, the group’s goals were realized with the official incorporation of the ASBMR as a nonprofit organization in St. Louis, Missouri, USA. The first ASBMR Annual Meeting was held June 11–12, 1979 at the Disneyland Hotel in Anaheim, California, USA with approximately 150 people in attendance. In 1984, ASBMR leaders established The Osteoporosis Foundation, which was later

title: Bone

text: of life, may play a role in management, particularly if the likelihood of survival within five years is poor. Osteoporosis is a disease of bone where there is reduced bone mineral density, increasing the likelihood of fractures. Osteoporosis is defined in women by the World Health Organization as a bone mineral density of 2.5 standard deviations below peak bone mass, relative to the age and sex-matched average. This density is measured using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), with the term "established osteoporosis" including the presence of a fragility fracture. Osteoporosis is most common in women after menopause, when it is

title: Robert Helps

text: Guggenheim Foundation, and the Ford Foundation. In 1976 he received an Academy Award from the American Academy of Arts and Letters. His music has been released on the NAXOS, CRI, Desto, and Albany labels. The University of South Florida's Special Collections holds the Robert Helps Archive. The university also sponsors a Robert Helps Festival and awards an annual Robert Helps Prize for young composers. Robert Helps Robert Helps (b. Passaic, New Jersey, United States, September 23, 1928; d. Tampa, Florida, United States, November 24, 2001) was an American pianist and composer. He was one of the most distinguished pupils of

title: Arthur Helps

text: (1862) of the Prince Consort's speeches and addresses Helps adequately fulfilled his task. Some years afterwards he edited and wrote a preface to the "Queen's Leaves from a Journal of our Life in the Highlands" (1868). Arthur Helps Sir Arthur Helps (10 July 1813 – 7 March 1875) was an English writer and dean of the Privy Council. He was a Cambridge Apostle. The youngest son of London merchant Thomas Helps, Arthur Helps was born in Streatham in South London. He was educated at Eton and at Trinity College, Cambridge, coming out thirty-first wrangler in the mathematical tripos in 1835.

title: Francis Helps

text: Francis Helps Francis William Helps (1890-1972) was a British artist who, besides a long career as an art teacher, served as the official artist to the 1924 British expedition to Everest. Helps was born in Dulwich in London and, between 1903 and 1907, he attended Dulwich College while also receiving art lessons from a private tutor. In 1908, he enrolled at the Slade School of Fine Art in London. During World War I, Helps joined the Artists' Rifles and saw active service in France. Helps joined the 1924 British Mount Everest expedition as an official artist. He completed some eighty

title: Lisa Helps

text: that Victoria is part of Songhees and Esquimalt territory. Helps was criticized by monarchists. Helps was reelected to a second term as mayor of Victoria in the 2018 municipal election. Lisa Helps Lisa Helps is a Canadian politician, the current mayor of Victoria, British Columbia, with her inauguration taking place on December 4, 2014. She narrowly defeated incumbent mayor Dean Fortin in the 2014 municipal election. She is the second woman, after Gretchen Brewin, to be elected mayor of the city. Helps was first elected to Victoria City Council as a city councillor in the 2011 municipal election. She has

title: Heavy mineral sands ore deposits

text: Chile and Ecuador, is carried out in an environmentally responsible manner. Examples of environmentally sensitive and politically sensitive mineral sand mining operations which have gained public attention and galvanised environmental activism responses to mining proposals include the Tuart-Ludlow mineral sands mine, Western Australia, and the culmination of conservationist efforts to preserve Rainbow Beach and Fraser Island, Queensland, Australia. These latter campaigns successfully lobbied government and saw Fraser Island and Rainbow Beach protected by the High Court of Australia; however, the Tuart-Ludlow campaign failed to prevent mining works in the Tuart forests in coastal Western Australia. Similar mineral sand mining operations

title: Mineral rights

text: is a stipulation, derived from the lease agreement and other agreements, as to what the Operator of a well or an oil and/or gas purchaser will disburse in terms of revenue to the mineral owner and others. The purpose of the division order is to show how the mineral revenues are divided up between the oil company, the owners of the mineral rights (royalty owners) and the overriding royalty interest owners. The Division Order needs a signature, a current address and social security number for individual royalty owners or tax identification number for companies. An oil and gas lease is

title: Arthur Helps

text: Arthur Helps Sir Arthur Helps (10 July 1813 – 7 March 1875) was an English writer and dean of the Privy Council. He was a Cambridge Apostle. The youngest son of London merchant Thomas Helps, Arthur Helps was born in Streatham in South London. He was educated at Eton and at Trinity College, Cambridge, coming out thirty-first wrangler in the mathematical tripos in 1835. He was recognized by the ablest of his contemporaries there as a man of superior gifts, and likely to make his mark in later life. As a member of the "Conversazione Society", better known as the

title: Racey Helps

text: Racey Helps Angus Clifford Racey Helps (1913–1970) was an English children's author and illustrator. His books were written in a simple style and feature woodland creatures and birds, with illustrations by the author. He is known also for illustrating postcards, greeting cards, jigsaw puzzles, playing cards and wrapping paper. Helps was born in Bristol on 2 February 1913, to Clifford R. Helps and his wife Dorothy (née Davis), who had married in Cardiff in 1911. He spent his childhood in the hamlet of Chelvey, Somerset. He was privately educated at a vicarage and later at Bristol Cathedral School. In a

title: Osteopenia

text: Osteopenia Osteopenia is a condition in which bone mineral density is lower than normal. It is considered by many doctors to be a precursor to osteoporosis. However, not every person diagnosed with osteopenia will develop osteoporosis. More specifically, osteopenia is defined as a bone mineral density T-score between −1.0 and −2.5. Like osteoporosis, osteopenia occurs more frequently in post-menopausal women as a result of the loss of estrogen. It can also be exacerbated by lifestyle factors such as lack of exercise, excess consumption of alcohol, smoking or prolonged use of glucocorticoid medications. It can also be a result of exposure

title: Harvest Moon: Friends of Mineral Town

text: farm of an old man in Mineral Town. The old man helps the player contact his parents, and offers to let him and his family stay for a few days, as he has no family of his own. The player's parents agree, and the player stays on the farm for a while. On the farm, the player plays with a girl who then becomes friends with him. After the player leaves Mineral Town, he continues to write letters to the old man. One day, when he has grown up, the letters from the old man suddenly stop. The player travels

title: HELPS Hurricane Expo

text: HELPS Hurricane Expo HELPS is an acronym which stands for the Hurricane Exposition for Learning, Preparation, and Safety. The HELPS hurricane expo is an exposition intended to help the general public prepare for, endure through and recover from hurricanes and other natural disasters. It is an event that is supported by both private-sector, non-profit, and government agencies who have an interest in educating the public on disaster preparedness. HELPS is a public service event that offers free parking and free admission. The first HELPS Expo was scheduled to be held in Orlando, Florida at the Orange County Convention Center on

title: Lisa Helps

text: Lisa Helps Lisa Helps is a Canadian politician, the current mayor of Victoria, British Columbia, with her inauguration taking place on December 4, 2014. She narrowly defeated incumbent mayor Dean Fortin in the 2014 municipal election. She is the second woman, after Gretchen Brewin, to be elected mayor of the city. Helps was first elected to Victoria City Council as a city councillor in the 2011 municipal election. She has also worked as a community organizer and activist, including time in the role of executive director of a community microlending program. Her mayoral campaign revolved heavily around a proposal to

title: Racey Helps

text: by Collins and later by the Medici Society. He contributed to several children's annuals published by Collins. Much of his work was published also in the United States. At least ten of his picture books appeared in German. At least one appeared in Danish. For a while the family lived in Clevedon, Somerset, then moved to Saltford near Bath, and then in 1962 to Barnstaple, Devon, where the scenic countryside provided further inspiration for Helps's pictures. Racey Helps suffered a fatal heart attack at his Barnstaple home in 1970, at the age of 57. Racey Helps Angus Clifford Racey Helps

title: Racey Helps

text: was packed off to a less noisy part of the country, but she still insisted on her story, and so Helps wrote them down for her, drew pictures to illustrate them, and sent them to her. During that time, Racey and his wife Irene Helps lived in Shepton Mallet, Somerset, and were hosts to many young American soldiers based in the town, besides running a hairdressing salon. On one occasion a publisher happened to drop in and pick up one of Helps's handwritten, illustrated booklets. Helps was invited to London to discuss publication of future work. He was published initially