query: What type of polymer is used for bulletproof vests?

title: Bulletproof vest

text: ceramic, titanium, Doron & composites of ceramic and fiberglass, the last being the most effective. a. Making the panel cloth- 1. To make Kevlar cloth, the Kevlar yarns are woven in the simplest pattern, plain or tabby weave. which is merely the over & under pattern of threads that interlace alternatively. 2. Unlike Kevlar, the Spectra used in bulletproof vests is usually not woven. instead the strong polyethelene polymer filaments are spun into fibers that are then laid parallel to each other. Resin is used to coat the fibers, sealing them together to form a sheet of Spectra cloth. Two

title: Agrippa (A Book of the Dead)

text: by 21½-inch (41 cm × 55 cm) metal mesh case sheathed in Kevlar (a polymer used to make bulletproof vests) and designed to look like a buried relic. Inside is a book of 93 ragged and charred pages sewn by hand and bound in stained and singed linen by Karl Foulkes; the book gives the impression of having survived a fire; it was described by Peter Schwenger as "a black box recovered from some unspecified disaster." The edition includes pages of DNA sequences set in double columns of 42 lines each like the Gutenberg Bible, and copperplate aquatint etchings by

title: Carbon fiber reinforced polymer

text: as epoxy, but other thermoset or thermoplastic polymers, such as polyester, vinyl ester, or nylon, are sometimes used. The composite material may contain aramid (e.g. Kevlar, Twaron), ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE), aluminium, or glass fibers in addition to carbon fibers. The properties of the final CFRP product can also be affected by the type of additives introduced to the binding matrix (resin). The most common additive is silica, but other additives such as rubber and carbon nanotubes can be used. The material is also referred to as "graphite-reinforced polymer" or "graphite fiber-reinforced polymer" ("GFRP" is less common, as it clashes with

title: Bulletproof vest

text: in 2008, a unique composite of interlocking steel plates and soft UHWMPE plate was exhibited by TurtleSkin. In combination with more traditional woven fabrics and laminates a number of research efforts are working with ballistic felts. Tex Tech has been working on these materials. Like the 3D weaving, Tex Tech sees the advantage in the 3-axis fiber orientation. Ballistic nylon (until the 1970) or Kevlar, Twaron or Spectra (a competitor for Kevlar) or polyethylene fiber could be used to manufacture bullet proof vests. The vests of the time were made of ballistic nylon & supplemented by plates of fiber-glass, steel,

title: Bulletproof vest

text: Similarly sized and positioned "trauma plates" are still used today on the front ballistic panels of most able vests, reducing blunt trauma and increasing ballistic protection in the center-mass heart/sternum area. In 1976, Richard Davis, founder of Second Chance Body Armor, designed the company's first all-Kevlar vest, the Model Y. The lightweight, able vest industry was launched and a new form of daily protection for the modern police officer was quickly adapted. By the mid-to-late 1980s, an estimated 1/3 to 1/2 of police patrol officers wore able vests daily. By 2006, more than 2,000 documented police vest "saves" were recorded,

title: Bulletproof vest

text: European Union import and sale of ballistic vests and body armor are allowed in Europe, except protections that are developed under strict military specifications and/or for main military usage, shield above the level of protection NIJ 4, thus considered by the law as "armament materials" and forbidden to civilians. There are many shops in Europe that sell ballistic vests and body armor, used or new. Bulletproof vest A ballistic vest or bullet-resistant vest, often called a bulletproof vest, is an item of personal armor that helps absorb the impact and reduce or stop penetration to the body from firearm-fired projectiles

title: Bulletproof vest

text: Bulletproof vest A ballistic vest or bullet-resistant vest, often called a bulletproof vest, is an item of personal armor that helps absorb the impact and reduce or stop penetration to the body from firearm-fired projectiles and shrapnel from explosions, and is worn on the torso. Soft vests are made of many layers of woven or laminated fibres and can protect the wearer from small-calibre handgun and shotgun projectiles, and small fragments from explosives such as hand grenades. These vests often have a ballistic plate inserted into the vest. Metal or ceramic plates can be used with a soft vest, providing

title: Weighted vests for children

text: of long-term studies of the effect of wearing such vests. Weighted vests for children Weighted vests for children are sometimes used to try to treat symptoms of certain developmental disorders such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder or autism in children. Evidence, however, have not found them to be useful for this purpose. The vests are weighted down with sand or other heavy materials. Terms used for such items of clothing include sand vests, compression vests or squeeze jackets. A review of the use of weighted clothing indicates that they are not useful with respect to hyperactivity, clumsiness, or repetitive behavior.

title: Weighted vests for children

text: Weighted vests for children Weighted vests for children are sometimes used to try to treat symptoms of certain developmental disorders such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder or autism in children. Evidence, however, have not found them to be useful for this purpose. The vests are weighted down with sand or other heavy materials. Terms used for such items of clothing include sand vests, compression vests or squeeze jackets. A review of the use of weighted clothing indicates that they are not useful with respect to hyperactivity, clumsiness, or repetitive behavior. A 2015 review of treatments for autism found only a

title: Bulletproof vest

text: effective against all handgun bullets and a range of rifles. These upgraded ballistic vests have become standard in military use, as soft body armor vests are ineffective against military rifle rounds. Prison guards and police often wear vests which are designed specifically against bladed weapons and sharp objects. These vests may incorporate coated and laminated para-aramid textiles or metallic components. In 1538, Francesco Maria della Rovere commissioned Filippo Negroli to create a bulletproof vest. In 1561, Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor is recorded as testing his armor against gun-fire. Similarly, in 1590 Sir Henry Lee expected his Greenwich armor to

title: Bulletproof glass

text: Bulletproof glass Bulletproof glass (also known as ballistic glass, transparent armor, or bullet-resistant glass) is a type of strong, but optically transparent, material that is particularly resistant to being penetrated when struck. Like any material, it is not completely impenetrable. It is usually made from a combination of two or more types of glass, one hard and one soft . The softer layer makes the glass more elastic, so it can flex instead of shatter. The index of refraction for both of the glasses used in the bulletproof layers must be almost the same to keep the glass transparent and

title: Bulletproof vest

text: medieval gambesons, which used 18 to 30 layers of silk fabric to protect the wearers from penetration. Fr. Kazimierz Żegleń used Goodfellow's findings to develop a bulletproof vest made of silk fabric at the end of the 19th century, which could stop the relatively slow rounds from black powder handguns. The vests cost $800 USD each in 1914, a small fortune given the $20.67/1oz-Au exchange-rate back then, equivalent to ~$50,000 circa 2016, exceeding mean annual income. A similar vest, made by Polish inventor Jan Szczepanik in 1901, saved the life of Alfonso XIII of Spain when he was shot by

title: Bulletproof vest

text: a study in France tested the material under isostatic pressure and found it to be stable up to at least 350 tf/cm² (34 GPa; 5,000,000 psi). As of mid-2008, spider silk bulletproof vests and nano-based armors are being developed for potential market release. Both the British and American militaries have expressed interest in a carbon fiber woven from carbon nanotubes that was developed at University of Cambridge and has the potential to be used as body armor. In 2008, large format carbon nanotube sheets began being produced at Nanocomp. In late 2014, researchers began studying and testing graphene as a

title: Polymer concrete

text: in cost, meaning that the use of polymer concrete is gradually becoming more widespread. The exact properties depend on the mixture, polymer, aggregate used etc. etc. but generally speaking with mixtures used: Following are some specification examples of the features of polymer concrete: Polymer concrete Polymer concretes are a type of concrete that use polymers to replace lime-type cements as a binder. In some cases the polymer is used in addition to portland cement to form Polymer Cement Concrete (PCC) or Polymer Modified Concrete (PMC). Polymers in concrete have been overseen by Committee 548 of the American Concrete Institute since

title: Polymer concrete

text: Polymer concrete Polymer concretes are a type of concrete that use polymers to replace lime-type cements as a binder. In some cases the polymer is used in addition to portland cement to form Polymer Cement Concrete (PCC) or Polymer Modified Concrete (PMC). Polymers in concrete have been overseen by Committee 548 of the American Concrete Institute since 1971. In polymer concrete, thermoplastic polymers are used, but more typically thermosetting resins are used as the principal polymer component due to their high thermal stability and resistance to a wide variety of chemicals. Polymer concrete is also composed of aggregates that include

title: Bulletproof vest

text: and represent significant technical challenges. Research aims to develop artificial spider silk which could be super strong, yet light and flexible. Other research has been done to harness nanotechnology to help create super-strong fibers that could be used in future bulletproof vests. In 2018, the US military began conducting research into the feasibility of using artificial silk as body armor, which has the advantages of its light weight and its cooling capability. Finer yarns and lighter woven fabrics have been a key factor in improved ballistic results. The cost of ballistic fiber goes up dramatically as yarn size goes down,

title: Weighted vests for children

text: single study of five people that showed any benefit and six trials that showed no benefit resulting in the overall conclusion of no benefit. The use of weighted vests for children originated in the United States as a form of therapy for children with autism. By 2017, the use of weighted vests had become common in public schools in Hamburg, Germany. Teachers there reported that students wore the vests voluntarily for up to 30 minutes at a time, and that the vests were popular with the children. Media reports about this practice triggered controversy and criticism because of the lack

title: Polymer clay

text: folk-crafts and jewelry. Air dry formulations, sometimes referred to as self-hardening polymer clay (such as Deco, cold porcelain, etc.), contain no polymers. Polymer clay Polymer clay is a type of hardenable modeling clay based on the polymer polyvinyl chloride (PVC). It typically contains no clay minerals, but like mineral clay a liquid is added to dry particles until it achieves gel-like working properties, and similarly, the part is put into an oven to harden, hence its colloquial designation as clay. Polymer clay is generally used for making arts and craft items, and is also used in commercial applications to make

title: Polymer clay

text: Polymer clay Polymer clay is a type of hardenable modeling clay based on the polymer polyvinyl chloride (PVC). It typically contains no clay minerals, but like mineral clay a liquid is added to dry particles until it achieves gel-like working properties, and similarly, the part is put into an oven to harden, hence its colloquial designation as clay. Polymer clay is generally used for making arts and craft items, and is also used in commercial applications to make decorative parts. Art made from polymer clay can now be found in major museums. Bakelite, an early plastic, was popular with designers

title: Bulletproof vest

text: shotguns. One example can be seen in his gun battle with a sheriff named George A. "Bud" Frazer, where the plate managed to deflect all bullets from the lawmen's six-shooter. In 1881, Tombstone physician George E. Goodfellow noticed that a faro dealer Charlie Storms who was shot twice by Luke Short had one bullet stopped by a silk handkerchief in his breast pocket that prevented that bullet from penetrating. In 1887, he wrote an article titled "Impenetrability of Silk to Bullets" for the "Southern California Practitioner" documenting the first known instance of bulletproof fabric. He experimented with silk vests resembling

title: Polymer architecture

text: toughness, and the glass transition temperature (T) due to an increase in the number of entanglements per chain. A random and short chain length between branches, on the other hand, may reduce polymer strength due to disruption of the chains' ability to interact with each other or crystallize. An example of the effect of branching on physical properties can be found in polyethylene. High-density polyethylene (HDPE) has a very low degree of branching, is relatively stiff, and is used in applications such as bullet-proof vests. Low-density polyethylene (LDPE), on the other hand, has significant numbers of both long and short

title: Lithium polymer battery

text: the touch, they can still contain 30% to 50% liquid solvent. In this regard, how to really define what a "polymer battery" is remains an open question. Other terms used in the literature for this system include hybrid polymer electrolyte (HPE), where "hybrid" denotes the combination of the polymer matrix, the liquid solvent and the salt. It was a system like this that Bellcore used to develop an early lithium-polymer cell in 1996, which was called "plastic" lithium-ion cell (PLiON), and subsequently commercialised in 1999. A solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) is a solvent-free salt solution in a polymer medium. It

title: Polymer

text: These polymers have a high surface quality and are also highly transparent so that the laser properties are dominated by the laser dye used to dope the polymer matrix. These type of lasers, that also belong to the class of organic lasers, are known to yield very narrow linewidths which is useful for spectroscopy and analytical applications. An important optical parameter in the polymer used in laser applications is the change in refractive index with temperature also known as dn/dT. For the polymers mentioned here the (dn/dT) ~ −1.4 × 10 in units of K in the 297 ≤ T

title: Boron

text: furnace: Boron carbide's structure is only approximately BC, and it shows a clear depletion of carbon from this suggested stoichiometric ratio. This is due to its very complex structure. The substance can be seen with empirical formula BC (i.e., with B dodecahedra being a motif), but with less carbon, as the suggested C units are replaced with C-B-C chains, and some smaller (B) octahedra are present as well (see the boron carbide article for structural analysis). The repeating polymer plus semi-crystalline structure of boron carbide gives it great structural strength per weight. It is used in tank armor, bulletproof vests,

title: Bulletproof vest

text: an attacker. By 1900, US gangsters were wearing $800 silk vests to protect themselves. On 28 June 1914, Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary was fatally shot, triggering World War I; despite owning a silk bulletproof vest, which tests by Britain's Royal Armouries indicate would likely have stopped a bullet of that era, and despite being aware of potential threats to his life including an attempted assassination of his uncle a few years earlier, Ferdinand was not wearing his on that fateful day. The combatants of World War I started the war without any attempt

title: Bulletproof Picasso

text: had also stated, in an interview with Jason Tanamor of Zoiks! Online, that due to the ambitions set for the new album, wanting to do their "best work", writing for "Bulletproof Picasso" was harder than what they had previously written and recorded. The production team on the album were the following: Azeem, Espionage, Greg Kurstin, Jake Sinclair, Butch Walker and Whams. The title of the album, "Bulletproof Picasso", while borrowing the name from the album's second track, also serves as a statement about the band's long-running career, representing the band's 20-year career as artists. The phrase Bulletproof Picasso is a

title: Polymer adsorption

text: understand the tendency for different compounds to adsorb to a surface. In addition, it can be divided into a combination of two components: which are the Gibbs energies of physisorption and chemisorption, respectively. Many polymer applications, such as those which use polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE, or Teflon) require the use of a surface with specific physisorption properties toward one type of material, while being firmly adhered in place to a different type of material. Because the physisorption energy is so low for these types of materials, chemisorption is used to form covalent bonds between the polymer coating and the surface of the

title: Acrylate polymer

text: has no special characteristics. The rebound resilience and abrasion resistance of the new type are poor, and even its electrical characteristics are considerably poor compared with acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber and butyl rubber. The materials are used mainly for oil seals and packagings related to automobiles. Acrylate polymer Acrylate polymers belong to a group of polymers which could be referred to generally as plastics. They are noted for their transparency, resistance to breakage, and elasticity. They are also commonly known as acrylics or polyacrylates. Acrylate polymer is commonly used in cosmetics such as nail polish as an adhesive. Acrylate monomers, used to

title: Police Service of Northern Ireland

text: vests and in recent years have been issued the stab vests worn by most UK police officers and the Gardaí. Beginning in December 2007 bulletproof vests were required for PSNI officers patrolling in the Greater Belfast and Greater Derry City areas owing to the threat from dissident republicans. In 2009 the PSNI issued an upgraded and redesigned bulletproof vest to operational officers. While the bulletproof vest offers a high level of ballistic protection many officers prefer the lighter and more comfortable stab vest. Both are issued to each operational officer and the wearing of body armour generally comes down to

title: Kraton (polymer)

text: paving applications like F1 racing tracks. Kraton based compounds are also used in non-slip knife handles. The earliest commercial components using Kraton G (thermoplastic rubber) in the automobile industry were in 1975. American Motors (AMC) used this polymer plastic on the AMC Eagle for the color matched flexible wheel arch flares that flowed into rocker panel extensions. Some grades of Kraton can also be dissolved into hydrocarbon oils to create "shear thinning" grease type products that are used in the manufacture of telecommunications cables containing optical fibres. Kraton (polymer) Kraton is the trade name given to a number of high

title: Polymer capacitor

text: the cathode foil. The non-solid electrolyte provide oxygen for self-healing purposes to reduce the leakage current. In 2001, NIC launched a hybrid polymer e-cap to replace a polymer type at lower price and with lower leakage current. As of 2016 hybrid polymer capacitors are available from multiple manufacturers. The predominant application of all electrolytic capacitors is in power supplies. They are used in input and output smoothing capacitors, as decoupling capacitors to circulate the harmonic current in a short loop, as bypass capacitors to shunt AC noise to the ground by bypassing the power supply lines, as backup capacitors to

title: Gunster: Rain of Bullets

text: types of equipment include bulletproof vests (which reduce damage by a percentage) and booster effects (which change the color of the booster). Weapons come in two forms - guns and grenades - but can be used in various ways. For example, two guns can be carried by a player in certain modes (one held and the other holstered); each can be dropped and then replaced by a different gun found on the ground. Guns are categorized by type: Rifles, Submachine guns, Sniper Rifles, Shotguns, Grenade Launchers, and Machine Guns. The most basic of each type (available at all levels) are

title: Bulletproof vest

text: not include knife or cutting edge weapons in the test protocol. The test method used the oil/clay (Roma Plastilena) tissue simulant as a test backing. In this early phase only titanium and steel plate offerings were successful in addressing this requirement. Point Blank developed the first ice pick certified offerings for CA Department of Corrections in shaped titanium sheet metal. Vests of this type are still in service in US corrections facilities as of 2008. Beginning in the early 1990s, an optional test method was approved by California which permitted the use of 10% ballistic gelatin as a replacement for

title: Bulletproof (comics)

text: world order. Bulletproof (comics) Bulletproof is a fictional character, a comic book superhero from the Image Comics series "Invincible". His first appearance was in "Invincible" #9. Before the name "Invincible" was settled on, "Bulletproof" was one of the proposed names of the main character of the series. Bulletproof's costume also appears to be based on early designs for Invincible's costume, and in Invincible's first visit to Art Rosenbaum, the tailor who supplies his costumes, Art's initial offering ends up being worn by Bulletproof. In "Invincible" #89, Bulletproof takes up the Invincible mantle while Mark recovers from the Scourge Virus. Bulletproof

title: Bulletproof (comics)

text: Bulletproof (comics) Bulletproof is a fictional character, a comic book superhero from the Image Comics series "Invincible". His first appearance was in "Invincible" #9. Before the name "Invincible" was settled on, "Bulletproof" was one of the proposed names of the main character of the series. Bulletproof's costume also appears to be based on early designs for Invincible's costume, and in Invincible's first visit to Art Rosenbaum, the tailor who supplies his costumes, Art's initial offering ends up being worn by Bulletproof. In "Invincible" #89, Bulletproof takes up the Invincible mantle while Mark recovers from the Scourge Virus. Bulletproof attended the

title: Polymer

text: are generally small molecules that are chemically similar to the polymer and create gaps between polymer chains for greater mobility and reduced interchain interactions. A good example of the action of plasticizers is related to polyvinylchlorides or PVCs. An uPVC, or unplasticized polyvinylchloride, is used for things such as pipes. A pipe has no plasticizers in it, because it needs to remain strong and heat-resistant. Plasticized PVC is used in clothing for a flexible quality. Plasticizers are also put in some types of cling film to make the polymer more flexible. The attractive forces between polymer chains play a large

title: Bulletproof vest

text: test. NIJ Standard-0101.06 has specific performance standards for bullet resistant vests used by law enforcement. This rates vests on the following scale against penetration and also blunt trauma protection (deformation): In the first half of 2018, NIJ is expected to introduce the new NIJ Standard-0101.07. This new standard will completely replace the NIJ Standard-0101.06. The current system of using Roman numerals (II, IIIA, III, and IV) to indicate the level of threat will disappear and be replaced by a naming convention similar to the standard developed by UK Home Office Scientific Development Branch. HG is for soft armor and RF

title: Superabsorbent polymer

text: polyacrylate). This polymer is the most common type of SAP made in the world today. Other materials are also used to make a superabsorbent polymer, such as polyacrylamide copolymer, ethylene maleic anhydride copolymer, cross-linked carboxymethylcellulose, polyvinyl alcohol copolymers, cross-linked polyethylene oxide, and starch grafted copolymer of polyacrylonitrile to name a few. The latter is one of the oldest SAP forms created. Today superabsorbent polymers are made using one of three primary methods: gel polymerization, suspension polymerization or solution polymerization. Each of the processes have their respective advantages but all yield a consistent quality of product. A mixture of acrylic acid,

title: Smart polymer

text: the production of hydrogels, biodegradable packaging, and to a great extent in biomedical engineering. One example is a polymer that undergoes conformational change in response to pH change, which can be used in drug delivery. Another is a humidity-sensitive polymer used in self-adaptive wound dressings that automatically regulate moisture balance in and around the wound. The nonlinear response of smart polymers is what makes them so unique and effective. A significant change in structure and properties can be induced by a very small stimulus. Once that change occurs, there is no further change, meaning a predictable all-or-nothing response occurs, with

title: Bulletproof vest

text: Kim Gi-Doo and Gang Yoon found that cotton could protect against bullets if 10 layers of cotton fabric were used. The vests were used in battle during the United States expedition to Korea, when the US Navy attacked Ganghwa Island in 1871. The US Navy captured one of the vests and took it to the US, where it was stored at the Smithsonian Museum until 2007. The vest has since been sent back to Korea and is currently on display to the public. Simple ballistic armor was sometimes constructed by criminals. During the 1880s, a gang of Australian bushrangers led

title: Conducting polymer metal nanocomposites

text: and solitons. Conducting polymers are used in various applications such as chemical sensors and biosensors, transistors and switches, data storage devices, photovoltaic cells, and actuators. But the conducting polymers metal nanocomposites allow for more efficient applications than their bulk counterparts. Nowadays various methods such as one-pot synthesis, in situ synthesis, sonochemical synthesis etc. were used and different type of nanostructures such as nanofibers, one-dimensional nanocomposites and they are used in polential applications such as sensoric and electrochromic devices. Conducting polymer metal nanocomposites Conducting polymer metal nanocomposites are. In past years, polymers were known so for as a class of heat

title: Polymer blend

text: more than one kind of polymer. A new polymers modification process, based on a simple mechanical mixture of two polymers first appeared when Thomas Hancock got one mixture of natural rubber with gutta-percha. This process generated a new polymer class called "polymer blends". Polymer blends can be broadly divided into three categories: The use of the term polymer alloy for a polymer blend is discouraged, as the former term includes multiphase copolymers but excludes incompatible polymer blends. Examples of miscible polymer blends: Polymer blends can be used as thermoplastic elastomer Polymer blend A polymer blend, or polymer mixture, is a

title: Biodegradable polymer

text: low biodegradation rate. Compared to the traditional deposition way, the biodegradation for polymer has a longer degradation period. Take Polyhydroxyalkanoates(PHAs) as an example, PHAs have a degradation period for up to three to six months. Last, the cost issue. The production technology of biodegradable polymer is still immature, the cost of resources such as labor and raw materials in large production quantity scale will be comparable high. Biodegradable polymer Biodegradable polymers are a specific type of polymer that breaks down after its intended purpose to result in natural byproducts such as gases (CO, N), water, biomass, and inorganic salts. These

title: Ladder polymer

text: Ladder polymer In chemistry, a ladder polymer is a type of double stranded polymer with the connectivity of a ladder. In a typical one-dimensional polymer, e.g. polyethylene and polysiloxanes, the monomers form two bonds, giving a chain. In a ladder polymer the monomers are interconnected by four bonds. Inorganic ladder polymers are found in synthetic and natural settings. Ladder polymers are a special case of cross-linked polymers because the crosslinks exist only with pairs of chains. According to one definition, a ladder polymer, adjacent rings have two or more atoms in common. Organic ladder polymers are interest because they can

title: Bulletproof glass

text: traditional glass/polymer laminates. Aluminum oxynitride "glass" can defeat threats like the .50 caliber armor-piercing rounds using material that is not prohibitively heavy. Various types of other materials which closely resemble glass are also being developed. Certain types of ceramics can also be used for transparent armor due to their properties of increased density and hardness when compared to traditional glass. These types of synthetic ceramic transparent armors can allow for thinner armor with equivalent stopping power to traditional laminated glass. The newest type of curved transparent vehicle armor has an air chamber between the glass and the polycarbonate. Level IIIA

title: Polymer substrate

text: Polymer substrate Polymers and plastics known as polymer substrates are used for banknotes and other everyday products. The banknote is more durable than paper, won't become soaked in liquids and is harder to counterfeit, though not impossible. Countries whose whole banknote production is in polymer are: Australia, Romania, Vietnam and New Zealand. Other countries that have partial polymer and paper issue include Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Mexico, Zambia, Brunei, Malaysia, Singapore, Nigeria, Chile, England and Nepal. The material is also used in commemorative notes in some other countries. The process of polymer substrate creation was developed by the

title: Bulletproof glass

text: allow a clear, undistorted view through the glass. Bulletproof glass varies in thickness from . Bulletproof glass is used in windows of buildings that require security, such as jewelry stores and embassies, as well as military and private vehicles. Bullet-resistant glass is constructed using layers of laminated glass. The more layers there are, the more protection the glass offers. When a weight reduction is needed 3mm of polycarbonate (a thermoplastic) is laminated onto the safe side. This polycarbonate stops the spall. The aim is to make a material with the appearance and clarity of standard glass but with effective protection

title: Thermosetting polymer

text: which are used in the fabrication of factory finished structural composite OEM or replacement parts, and as site-applied, cured and finished composite repair and protection materials. When used as the binder for aggregates and other solid fillers, they form particulate-reinforced polymer composites, which are used for factory-applied protective coating or component manufacture, and for site-applied and cured construction, or maintenance purposes. Thermosetting polymer A thermosetting polymer (also called a thermosetting plastic or thermosetting resin) is a polymer which becomes irreversibly hardened upon being cured. Curing is caused by the action of heat or suitable radiation and may be promoted by

title: North Hollywood shootout

text: jar with gasoline and placed it in the back seat with the intention of setting the car and weapons on fire to destroy evidence after the robbery. Phillips wore roughly of equipment, including a Type IIIA bulletproof vest and groin guard; a load bearing vest and multiple military canteen pouches for ammunition storage; and several pieces of homemade body armor created from spare vests, covering his shins, thighs, and forearms. Mătăsăreanu wore only a Type IIIA bulletproof vest, but included a metal trauma plate to protect vital organs. Additionally, each of the perpetrators had a watch sewn onto the back

title: Polymer

text: importance in the petrochemical industry and is now a relatively well-established unit operation. The process of polymer degassing is necessary to suit polymer for extrusion and pelletizing, increasing safety, environmental, and product quality aspects. Nitrogen is generally used for this purpose, resulting in a vent gas primarily composed of monomers and nitrogen. Polymer properties are broadly divided into several classes based on the scale at which the property is defined as well as upon its physical basis. The most basic property of a polymer is the identity of its constituent monomers. A second set of properties, known as microstructure, essentially

title: Bulletproof (comics)

text: auditions for the new Guardians of the Globe held after the original Guardians were murdered. At this time he was not selected; however, after Robot's chosen team failed to live up to expectations, Donald, the Guardians' government liaison, made some changes to the team, including adding Bulletproof to the roster. As well as being super fast (almost as fast as Red Rush) and having the ability to fly, Bulletproof is apparently almost as invulnerable as Omni-Man, although according to Bulletproof "not nearly as evil." Despite his supposed invulnerability, early in his career with the Guardians of the Globe, Bulletproof was

title: Telechelic polymer

text: Telechelic polymer A telechelic polymer or oligomer is a prepolymer capable of entering into further polymerization or other reactions through its reactive end-groups. It can be used for example to synthesize block copolymers. By definition, a telechelic polymer is a di-end-functional polymer where both ends possess the same functionality. Where the chain-ends of the polymer are not of the same functionality they are termed di-end-functional polymers. All polymers resulting from living polymerization are end-functional but may not necessarily be telechelic. To prepare polymers by step-growth polymerization, telechelic polymers like polymeric diols and epoxy prepolymers can be used. The main examples

title: Polymer-drug conjugates

text: the drug if the drug is taken by other means. The polymer-drug N-(2-Hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide (HPMA) copolymer-doxorubicin (PK1; FCE28068) shows up to a 5 times reduction in anthracycline type toxicity compared to current treatments. Doses up to 1680 mg/m2 observed no cadriotoxicity. Antitumor behavior was observed at 80–320 mg/m2 of doxorubicin. Polymers are used for the delivery of drugs and proteins. Some types of polymers being tested now are poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA), and poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) copolymers have been successful in medical research. Recently there has been a growing interest in polymer conjugation with biologically active components. Such conjugates usually

title: Bulletproof vest

text: degrades when wet. Neutral water at room temp does not affect para-aramid or UHMWPE but acidic, basic and some other solutions can permanently reduce para-aramid fiber tensile strength. (As a result of this, the major test standards call for wet testing of textile armor.) Mechanisms for this wet loss of performance are not known. Vests that will be tested after ISO type water immersion tend to have heat sealed enclosures and those that are tested under NIJ type water spray methods tend to have water resistant enclosures. From 2003 to 2005, a large study of the environmental degradation of Zylon

title: Bulletproof vest

text: early stages of World War II, the United States also designed body armor for infantrymen, but most models were too heavy and mobility-restricting to be useful in the field and incompatible with existing required equipment. Near the middle of 1944, development of infantry body armor in the United States restarted. Several vests were produced for the US military, including but not limited to the T34, the T39, the T62E1, and the M12. The United States developed a vest using Doron Plate, a fiberglass-based laminate. These vests were first used in the Battle of Okinawa in 1945. The Soviet Armed Forces

title: Bulletproof hosting

text: Bulletproof hosting Bulletproof hosting is a service provided by some domain hosting or web hosting firms that allows their customer considerable leniency in the kinds of material they may upload and distribute. This leniency has been taken advantage of by spammers and providers of online gambling or illegal pornography. Many service providers have terms of service that do not allow certain materials to be uploaded or distributed, or the service to be used in a particular way, and may suspend a hosting account, after a few complaints, to minimize the risk of their IP subnet being blocked by anti-spam filters

title: Bulletproof vest

text: with hardened materials, e.g., those containing a steel core instead of lead. This is because the impact force of these objects stays concentrated in a relatively small area, allowing them a better likelihood of puncturing the fiber layers of most bullet-resistant fabrics used in soft armor. By contrast, stab vests provide better protection against sharp implements, but are generally less effective against bullets. However, soft armor will still protect against most slashing attacks. Textile vests may be augmented with metal (steel or titanium), ceramic or polyethylene plates that provide extra protection to vital areas. These hard armor plates have proven

title: Journal of Polymer Science Part B

text: Journal of Polymer Science Part B The Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics is a peer-reviewed scientific journal publishing research on all aspects of physics and physical chemistry of polymers, including theory and experimental behavior of polymeric solutions, blends, liquid crystals, networks, membranes, biological polymers and interfaces. The journal offers free online access to the full-text content of all review-type articles. The journal is published by John Wiley & Sons. It was established in 1946 by Paul M. Doty, Herman F. Mark, and C. C. Price as "Journal of Polymer Science" and was later split in two series

title: Bulletproof hosting

text: world's spam when taken down, was US based. Bulletproof hosting providers have a high rate of turnover, as many hosting providers choose to shut down, whether forcibly or voluntarily, if their alternative would be to compromise client freedom (as this is their main selling point). The following are some notable examples of "bulletproof hosts", with their takedown time: Bulletproof hosting Bulletproof hosting is a service provided by some domain hosting or web hosting firms that allows their customer considerable leniency in the kinds of material they may upload and distribute. This leniency has been taken advantage of by spammers and

title: Polymer nanocomposite

text: of building ordered arrays of nanoparticles in the polymer matrix. A number of possibilities also exist to manufacture the nanocomposite circuit boards. An even more attractive method exists to use polymer nanocomposites for neural networks applications. Another promising area of development is optoelectronics and optical computing. The single domain nature and super paramagnetic behavior of nanoparticles containing ferromagnetic metals could be possibly used for magneto-optical storage media manufacturing. Polymer nanocomposite Polymer nanocomposites (PNC) consist of a polymer or copolymer having nanoparticles or nanofillers dispersed in the polymer matrix. These may be of different shape (e.g., platelets, fibers, spheroids), but at

title: Bulletproof Wallets

text: Bulletproof Wallets Bulletproof Wallets is the third studio album by Wu-Tang Clan member Ghostface Killah. The album was released on November 20, 2001, by Epic Records and SME Records. The album featured the single, "Never Be the Same Again", featuring Carl Thomas and Raekwon. "Bulletproof Wallets" received generally positive reviews from music critics. John Bush of AllMusic said, ""Bulletproof Wallets" is basically a party album, at least compared to the usual Wu-Tang gloom and doom, featuring smooth, romantic R&B tracks like the single "Never Be the Same Again" (with Carl Thomas & Raekwon) and "Love Session." Pat Blashill of "Rolling

title: Polymer (library)

text: Polymer (library) Polymer is an open-source JavaScript library for building web applications using polymer Web Components. The library is being developed by Google developers and contributors on GitHub. Modern design principles are implemented as a separate project using Google's Material Design design principles. Polymer is used by a number of Google services and websites, including the redesigned YouTube, YouTube Gaming, the redesigned Google Earth, Google I/O websites, Google Play Music, redesign of Google Sites and Allo for web. Other notable users include Netflix, Electronics Arts, ING, Coca-Cola, McDonald's, BBVA, IBM and General Electric. Public development of Polymer began on Nov

title: Bulletproof Wallets

text: Stone" said, ""Bulletproof Wallets" is riveting because even on "The Juks," when he's rhyming about getting paid, he comes off like a tough but fatally vulnerable anti-hero, forever trapped in the headlights of oncoming disaster." Mark Desrosiers of "PopMatters" said, ""Bulletproof Wallets" doesn't have the peering-into-the-abyss street insanity of "Ironman", sure, but it does come close. And damn, it sure does air you out nonetheless." James Poletti of Yahoo! Music said, "Whilst Ghostface remains in possession of one of the most diverse musical imaginations in the Clan, this is ultimately disappointing in its lack of innovation." Bulletproof Wallets Bulletproof Wallets

title: Bulletproof (comics)

text: his mother in the head with a frying pan, killing her. His father began to choke his fiancée and in a combination of panic, grief and rejection, Bulletproof killed his father. Bulletproof later concealed the crime by flying his parents' car with their bodies in it to a remote road and tossing the car off a cliff by the road. Bulletproof betrayed the remaining Guardians of the Globe who had survived Robot's initial assault as part of his plan for taking control of the world. Bulletproof revealed the survivors' location to Robot in return for his freedom under Robot's new

title: Miguel Caballero (company)

text: Caballero currently markets 5 brands: Black, MC4-G, S33, Turer and Gold. The "Black" line consists of fashionable and inconspicuous armoured clothing: bulletproof vests, armoured jackets and T-shirts. The armored collection has been worn by heads of state, businessmen and celebrities. The company began by making bulletproof leather and suede jackets and now includes raincoats, blazers and a women's line. "MC4-G" covers a range of products aiming to help with private security, such as armoured augmentations for motorised vehicles, bulletproof suitcases and backpacks, fashionable vests. "S33" is aimed at military and armed forces, intelligence and investigative groups, administrative tactical and criminology

title: Polymer adsorption

text: negative interactions with the blood diminishes as well. One such polymer coating that increases hemocompatability is heparin. Heparin is a polymer coating that interacts with thrombin to prevent coagulation. Heparin has been shown to suppress platelet adhesion, complement activation and protein adsorption. Advanced polymer composites are used in the strengthening and rehabilitation of old structures. These advanced composites can be made using many different methods including prepreg, resin, infusion, filament winding and pultrusion. Advanced polymer composites are used in many airplane structures and their largest market is in aerospace and defense. Fiber-reinforced polymers (FRP) are commonly used by civil engineers

title: Polymer (library)

text: classes. Custom element definition comprises CSS style, HTML template of the element's local DOM, element properties, lifecycle callbacks and JavaScript methods: import {PolymerElement, html} from '@polymer/polymer/polymer-element.js' class HelloElement extends PolymerElement { static get template() { return html` static get properties() { /* Custom methods */ window.customElements.define(HelloElement.is, HelloElement); The element defined above can be used in HTML code: <hello-element name="World"></hello-element> Polymer (library) Polymer is an open-source JavaScript library for building web applications using polymer Web Components. The library is being developed by Google developers and contributors on GitHub. Modern design principles are implemented as a separate project using Google's Material Design

title: Polymer substrate

text: Australia CSIRO. Countries like Bulgaria have issued a combination of paper and polymer as the 200 Lev banknote. Polymer substrate Polymers and plastics known as polymer substrates are used for banknotes and other everyday products. The banknote is more durable than paper, won't become soaked in liquids and is harder to counterfeit, though not impossible. Countries whose whole banknote production is in polymer are: Australia, Romania, Vietnam and New Zealand. Other countries that have partial polymer and paper issue include Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Mexico, Zambia, Brunei, Malaysia, Singapore, Nigeria, Chile, England and Nepal. The material is also

title: 50 Cent: Bulletproof

text: the Entertainment and Leisure Software Publishers Association (ELSPA), indicating sales of at least 200,000 copies in the United Kingdom. 50 Cent: Bulletproof 50 Cent: Bulletproof is an action video game developed by Genuine Games and published by Vivendi Universal Games for the PlayStation 2 and Xbox, which released on November 22, 2005. "50 Cent: Bulletproof" was reworked into a PlayStation Portable version titled 50 Cent: Bulletproof G Unit Edition, with a top-down perspective, which released in 2006. A sequel, "", was released in 2009. The story revolves around protagonist hip hop musician 50 Cent's search for vengeance against the hitmen

title: 50 Cent: Bulletproof

text: 50 Cent: Bulletproof 50 Cent: Bulletproof is an action video game developed by Genuine Games and published by Vivendi Universal Games for the PlayStation 2 and Xbox, which released on November 22, 2005. "50 Cent: Bulletproof" was reworked into a PlayStation Portable version titled 50 Cent: Bulletproof G Unit Edition, with a top-down perspective, which released in 2006. A sequel, "", was released in 2009. The story revolves around protagonist hip hop musician 50 Cent's search for vengeance against the hitmen who attempted to murder him. The game features members of the G-Unit rap crew as a gang. Dr. Dre

title: Farsund shooting

text: One of the incident's repercussions was that ambulance personnel were subsequently equipped with radios while they were in the field. The killings also helped to uncover lacks in the security equipment the Norwegian police used, and in particular the small number of bulletproof vests that were available to local police. Studies showed that there was just one bulletproof vest available per local policestation (Norwegian:"Lensmannskontor"; similar to sheriff's office) in 1988. The debate that arose led to the Justice Department acquiring 800 new vests during the fall that were sent to smaller police stations all over the country. Furthermore, the incident

title: Bulletproof hosting

text: using Internet Protocol (IP) address-based filtering. Additionally, some service providers may have ethical concerns that underpin their service terms and conditions. Often, a bulletproof host allows a content provider to bypass the laws or contractual terms of service regulating Internet content and service use in its own country of operation, as many of these 'bulletproof hosts' are based 'overseas' (relative to the geographical location of the content provider). Many if not most 'bulletproof hosts' are in China, other parts of Asia, and Russia/Russia's surrounding countries, though this is not always the case. For example, McColo, responsible for 2/3rds of the

title: BulletProof Messenger

text: 2010 - "FiXT Remix vs. BulletProof Messenger" BulletProof Messenger Bulletproof Messenger is a rock band from Long Island, NY. Prior to being named BulletProof Messenger (BPM), the group was originally named Gone To Earth (GTE). GTE was formed by DJ/Programmer Matt Litwin, bassist Josh Rieger and guitarist Jon Maisel in 2001. Rieger and Maisel met while attending the same high school while Litwin joined the band through an introduction of a cousin of Rieger. Due to the band’s use of programming and electronics it was a struggle to find a drummer who could keep up. After unsuccessfully auditioning multiple candidates,

title: Polymer concrete

text: silica, quartz, granite, limestone, and other high quality material. The aggregate must be of good quality, free of dust and other debris, and dry. Failure to fulfill these criteria can reduce the bond strength between the polymer binder and the aggregate. Polymer concrete may be used for new construction or repairing of old concrete. The adhesive properties of polymer concrete allow repair of both polymer and conventional cement-based concretes. The low permeability and corrosive resistance of polymer concrete allows it to be used in swimming pools, sewer structure applications, drainage channels, electrolytic cells for base metal recovery, and other structures

title: Polymer capacitor

text: electrolytic capacitors, tantalum as well as aluminum polymer capacitors are polarized capacitors and generally requires the anode electrode voltage to be positive relative to the cathode voltage. Nevertheless, they can withstand for short instants a type dependent reverse voltage for a limited number of cycles. A reverse voltage higher than the type-dependent threshold level applied for a long time to the polymer electrolyte capacitor leads to short-circuit and to destruction of the capacitor. To minimize the likelihood of a polarized electrolytic being incorrectly inserted into a circuit, polarity has to be very clearly indicated on the case, see the section

title: Leibniz Institute for Polymer Research

text: Leibniz Institute for Polymer Research The Leibniz Institute for Polymer Research in Dresden () – in short IPF Dresden – is a non-university research institute and a member of the Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Scientific Community. The IPF is carrying out fundamental as well as application-oriented research in all areas of polymer science and investigates polymer materials with new or improved characteristics. In the material development, emphasis is given to nanotechnological aspects as well as to biosystem interfaces. The IPF’s research program is jointly set up and implemented by scientists of the different IPF institutes. It comprises the following four research

title: Biodegradable polymer

text: is in. Polymer properties that influence degradation are bond type, solubility, and copolymers among others. The surrounding environment of the polymer is just as important as the polymer structure itself. These factors included items such as the pH, temperature, micoorganisms present, and water are just a few examples. There are two primary mechanisms through which biodegradation can occur. One is through physical decomposition through reactions such as hydrolysis and photodegradation, which can lead to partial or complete degradation. The second mechanistic route is through biological processes which can be further broken down into aerobic and anaerobic processes. The first involves

title: Bulletproof vest

text: Roma clay. The transition from hard, dense clay-based Roma to soft low-density gelatin allowed all textile solutions to meet this attack energy requirement. Soft all textile “ice pick” vests began to be adopted by California and other US states as a result of this migration in the test methods. It is important for users to understand that the smooth, round tip of the ice pick does not cut fiber on impact and this permits the use of textile based vests for this application. The earliest of these “all” fabric vests designed to address this ice pick test was Warwick Mills’s

title: Polymer chemistry

text: Polymer chemistry Polymer chemistry is a sub-discipline of chemistry that focuses on the chemical synthesis, structure, chemical and physical properties of polymers and macromolecules. The principles and methods used for polymer chemistry are common to chemistry sub-disciplines organic chemistry, analytical chemistry, and physical chemistry. Many materials have polymeric structures, from fully inorganic metals and ceramics to DNA and other biological molecules, however, polymer chemistry is typically referred to in the context of synthetic, organic compositions. Synthetic polymers are ubiquitous in commercial materials and products in everyday use, commonly referred to as plastics, rubbers, and composites. Polymer chemistry can also be

title: Photoconductive polymer

text: The photoconductive polymer have been successfully applied in Xerography and laser printers. They used the layered organic photoconductive polymer with a polymeric charge-transport layer.The charge-transport layer is a solid solution compared with other printer that usually use liquid chemicals in printing process. The main advantages of organic photoconductive polymer are (i) near-IR sensitivity (ii) panchromaticity (iii)flexibility for application (iv) simple fabrication (v) low cost. Currently, the best organic photoconductive polymer are as sensitive as the inorganic devices based on selenium. There is some potential application in photovoltaic cells. The limit of this application is that photoconductive polymer don't have high

title: Polymer clay

text: "stone." Polymer clay remains workable until cured generally. Curing occurs at temperatures from between to sustained for 15 minutes per of thickness. This temperature is significantly less than for mineral clays and can be achieved using a home oven. Professional clay brands shrink very little when cured Brands of polymer clay include Fimo, Sculpey, and Kato Polyclay. A home pasta-making machine is a popular multi-purpose tool for polymer clay artists. It is used to create sheets of uniform thickness, to mix colors or created variegated sheets, and to condition (soften) the clay. Polymer clay generally needs to be conditioned prior

title: Bulletproof (Hush album)

text: on "". Notes Bulletproof (Hush album) Bulletproof is the third studio album by American rapper Hush from Detroit, Michigan. It was released on August 23, 2005 via Geffen Records. The album features guest appearances from Eminem, Kuniva, Bizarre and Swifty McVay from D12, Bareda and Lo-Down from Raw Collection, and guitarist Phil Campbell. The album debuted at number 83 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums and number 39 on the Heatseekers Albums. The album contains some of the songs from "The Contender (TV Series)". A clean version of "Fired Up" is used in the 2005 video game "". The song "The

title: Bulletproof (Hush album)

text: Bulletproof (Hush album) Bulletproof is the third studio album by American rapper Hush from Detroit, Michigan. It was released on August 23, 2005 via Geffen Records. The album features guest appearances from Eminem, Kuniva, Bizarre and Swifty McVay from D12, Bareda and Lo-Down from Raw Collection, and guitarist Phil Campbell. The album debuted at number 83 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums and number 39 on the Heatseekers Albums. The album contains some of the songs from "The Contender (TV Series)". A clean version of "Fired Up" is used in the 2005 video game "". The song "The March" was featured

title: Bulletproof Monk

text: of the bravura. It makes them look like monkeys, and not bulletproof ones." Bill Stamets of the "Chicago Reader" panned "Bulletproof Monk" for having "routine" fight scenes and juvenile humor, and that "the film plays off Chow's imperturbable persona, but the Tibetan philosophy boils down to the paradox of hot dogs coming ten to a package while buns are sold in sets of eight." On Rotten Tomatoes, a review aggregator, "Bulletproof Monk" has an aggregate score of 23% based on 131 reviews. The site's consensus reads: "Venerable action star Chow Yun-Fat is the only saving grace in this silly action

title: Telechelic polymer

text: are: Other examples of telechelic polymers are the halato-telechelic polymers or halatopolymers. The end-groups of these polymers are ionic or ionizable like carboxylate or quaternary ammonium groups. Telechelic polymer A telechelic polymer or oligomer is a prepolymer capable of entering into further polymerization or other reactions through its reactive end-groups. It can be used for example to synthesize block copolymers. By definition, a telechelic polymer is a di-end-functional polymer where both ends possess the same functionality. Where the chain-ends of the polymer are not of the same functionality they are termed di-end-functional polymers. All polymers resulting from living polymerization are

title: Polymer adsorption

text: properties cause PTFE to be non-reactive and used in a wide array of applications. Physical adsorption and mechanical entrapment are two major causes of polymer retention in porous media. Low polymer retention in the reservoir is essential to the success of a polymer EOR operation. Polymer adsorption Adsorption is the adhesion of ions or molecules onto the surface of another phase. Adsorption may occur via physisorption and chemisorption. Ions and molecules can adsorb to many types of surfaces including polymer surfaces. A polymer is a large molecule composed of repeating subunits bound together by covalent bonds. The adsorption of ions

title: Thermosetting polymer

text: Thermosetting polymer A thermosetting polymer (also called a thermosetting plastic or thermosetting resin) is a polymer which becomes irreversibly hardened upon being cured. Curing is caused by the action of heat or suitable radiation and may be promoted by high pressure or the use of a catalyst. It results in extensive cross-linking between polymer chains to give an infusible and insoluble polymer network. A cured thermosetting polymer is called a thermoset. Thermosetting resins are usually malleable or liquid prior to curing, and are often designed to be molded into their final shape, or used as adhesive. Once hardened a thermoset

title: Bulletproof Heart

text: Bulletproof Heart Bulletproof Heart is the ninth studio album by Jamaican singer Grace Jones, released on October 13, 1989. The album, co-produced by Chris Stanley, would be her last studio album for 19 years, until she released "Hurricane" in 2008. The album came after Jones' short break from recording music, during which she would again focus on acting, appearing in the all-star "Straight to Hell" and Mary Lambert's "Siesta". On "Bulletproof Heart" Jones would work with producer Chris Stanley, who at that time had become her first husband. Stanley co-produced the album with her, co-wrote the majority of songs and

title: High-refractive-index polymer

text: °C. The decomposition temperature changes depending on the substituent that is attached to the monomer used in the polymerization of the high refractive index polymer. Thus, longer alkyl substituents results in lower thermal stability. Most applications favor polymers which are soluble in as many solvents as possible. Highly refractive polyesters and polyimides are soluble in common organic solvents such as dichloromethane, methanol, hexanes, acetone and toluene. The synthesis route depends on the HRIP type. The Michael polyaddition is used for a polyimide because it can be carried out at room temperature and can used for step-growth polymerization. This synthesis was

title: Glass-filled polymer

text: Glass-filled polymer Glass-filled polymer, or glass-filled plastic, is a mouldable composite material. It comprises short glass-fibres in a matrix of a polymer material. It is used to manufacture a wide range of structural components by injection or compression moulding. Either thermoplastic or thermosetting polymers may be used. One of the most widely used thermoplastics is nylon. The first mouldable composite was Bakelite. This used wood flour fibres in phenolic resin as the thermoset polymer matrix. As the fibres were only short this material had relatively low bulk strength, but still improved surface hardness and good mouldability. A wide range of

title: Biodegradable polymer

text: in the synthesis of other polymers, including condensation, dehydrochlorination, dehydrative coupling, and ROP. Polyurethanes and poly(ester amide)s are used in biomaterials. Polyurethanes were initially used for their biocompatibility, durability, resilience, but are more recently being investigated for their biodegradability. Polyurethanes are typically synthesized using a diisocyanate, a diol, and a polymer chain extender. The initial reaction is carried out between the diisocyanate and the diol, with the diisocyanate in excess to ensure that the ends of the new polymer chain are isocyanate groups. This polymer can then be reacted with either a diol or a diamine to form urethane or

title: Lithium polymer battery

text: salts and solvents, such as LiPF in EC/DMC/DEC. Nishi mentions that Sony started research on lithium-ion cells with gelled polymer electrolytes (GPE) in 1988, before the commercialisation of the liquid-electrolyte lithium-ion cell in 1991. At that time polymer batteries were promising and it seemed polymer electrolytes would become indispensable. Eventually, this type of cell went into the market in 1998. However, Scrosati argues that, in the strictest sense, gelled membranes cannot be classified as "true" polymer electrolytes, but rather as hybrid systems where the liquid phases are contained within the polymer matrix. Although these polymer electrolytes may be dry to

title: Yellow vests movement

text: withdrew from the government because of the latter's decision to sign the non-binding Global Compact for Migration. King Philippe did not immediately accept his resignation. Some protests in other countries are related to the central concerns of the French movement (taxation, high-living costs, representation, and income disparity). Others are related primarily by the use of the readily-available symbol. Yellow vests movement The yellow vests movement (, ) is a political movement that began with a petition posted online in May 2018. The first mass demonstrations began in France on 17 November 2018 and soon spread to Wallonia, Belgium. They are

title: Yellow vests movement

text: Yellow vests movement The yellow vests movement (, ) is a political movement that began with a petition posted online in May 2018. The first mass demonstrations began in France on 17 November 2018 and soon spread to Wallonia, Belgium. They are motivated by rising fuel prices, high cost of living and claims that a disproportionate burden of the government's tax reforms were falling on the working and middle classes, especially in rural and peri-urban areas. The protesters have called for lower fuel taxes, reintroduction of the solidarity tax on wealth, a minimum wage increase, and Emmanuel Macron's resignation as

title: Commercial uses of armor

text: Commercial uses of armor Armor has been used in the military for a long period of time during the course of history, but is becoming more frequently seen in the public sector as time passes. There are many different forms and ways that armor is being commercially used throughout the world today. The most popular and well-known uses are body and vehicle armor. There are other commercial uses including aircraft armor and armored glass. Aramid fiber is the generic name of a group of synthetic fibers which are used in vehicle armor, fire equipment, tires, and bulletproof vests. The material

title: Bulletproof vest

text: necessary to defeat the test blades offered little ballistic performance. The multi-threat vests have areal densities are close to the sum of the two solutions separately. These vests have mass values in the 7.5–8.5 kg/m² (1.55–1.75 lb/ft²) range. Ref (NIJ and HOSDB certification listings). Rolls Royce Composites -Megit and Highmark produced metallic array systems to address this HOSDB standard. These designs were used extensively by the London Metropolitan Police Service and other agencies in the United Kingdom. As vest manufactures and the specifying authorities worked with these standards, the UK and US Standards teams began a collaboration on test methods.

title: Polymer

text: of as being surrounded by a cloud of negative electrons. As two polymer chains approach, their electron clouds repel one another. This has the effect of lowering the electron density on one side of a polymer chain, creating a slight positive dipole on this side. This charge is enough to attract the second polymer chain. Van der Waals forces are quite weak, however, so polyethylene can have a lower melting temperature compared to other polymers. Polymers such as PMMA and HEMA:MMA are used as matrices in the gain medium of solid-state dye lasers that are also known as polymer lasers.

title: Forensic polymer engineering

text: Forensic polymer engineering Forensic polymer engineering is the study of failure in polymeric products. The topic includes the fracture of plastic products, or any other reason why such a product fails in service, or fails to meet its specification. The subject focuses on the material evidence from crime or accident scenes, seeking defects in those materials that might explain why an accident occurred, or the source of a specific material to identify a criminal. Many analytical methods used for polymer identification may be used in investigations, the exact set being determined by the nature of the polymer in question, be

title: Polymer capacitor

text: useful in compact devices such as laptops and cell phones they competed with tantalum chip capacitors as well. Tantalum electrolytic capacitors with PPy polymer electrolyte cathode followed three years later. In 1993 NEC introduced its SMD polymer Ta-e-caps called "NeoCap". In 1997 Sanyo followed with the "POSCAP" polymer tantalum chips. A new conductive polymer for tantalum polymer capacitors was presented by Kemet at the "1999 Carts" conference. This capacitor used the newly developed organic conductive polymer PEDT (Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)), also known as PEDOT (trade name Baytron®). Two years later at the 2001 APEC Conference, Kemet introduced PEDOT polymer aluminum e-caps to

title: Polymer capacitor

text: a solid conducting polymer electrolyte It reaches conductivities up to 100 S/m. Polypyrrole was the first conductive polymer used in polymer Al-e-caps as well as in polymer Ta-e-caps. The problem with the polymerization of PPy was the rate of polymerization. When pyrrole is mixed with the desired oxidizing agents at room temperature, the polymerization reaction begins immediately. Thus polypyrrole begins to form, before the chemical solution can get into the anode pores. The polymerization rate can be controlled by cryogenic cooling or by electrochemically polymerization. The cooling method requires a very great technical effort and is unfavorable for mass production.