query: how did stalin die?

title: Joseph Stalin

text: would overstretch his workload and give him too much power, Stalin was appointed to the position. For Lenin, it was advantageous to have a key ally in this crucial post. In May 1922, a massive stroke left Lenin partially paralysed. Residing at his Gorki dacha, Lenin's main connection to Sovnarkom was through Stalin, who was a regular visitor. Lenin twice asked Stalin to procure poison so that he could commit suicide, but Stalin never did so. Despite this comradeship, Lenin disliked what he referred to as Stalin's "Asiatic" manner, and told his sister Maria that Stalin was "not intelligent". Lenin

title: How Democracies Die

text: "Fair Observer" called it an original contribution valuable to researchers, policy makers, and citizens. The book was awarded with the German NDR Kultur Sachbuchpreis 2018. How Democracies Die How Democracies Die is a 2018 book by Harvard University political scientists Steven Levitsky and Daniel Ziblatt about how elected leaders can gradually subvert the democratic process to increase their power. The book was on "The New York Times" Bestseller list. The book warns against the breakdown of "mutual toleration" and respect for the political legitimacy of the opposition. This toleration involves accepting the results of a free and fair election where

title: How Democracies Die

text: How Democracies Die How Democracies Die is a 2018 book by Harvard University political scientists Steven Levitsky and Daniel Ziblatt about how elected leaders can gradually subvert the democratic process to increase their power. The book was on "The New York Times" Bestseller list. The book warns against the breakdown of "mutual toleration" and respect for the political legitimacy of the opposition. This toleration involves accepting the results of a free and fair election where the opposition has won, in contrast with advocacy for overthrow or spurious complaints about the election mechanism. The authors also assert the importance of respecting

title: Did Six Million Really Die?

text: Canadian Supreme Court's landmark decision "R v Zundel", when it declared that the law under which he had been charged, "reporting false news", was unconstitutional. "Did Six Million Really Die?" was banned in Germany and South Africa. In 2017 Amazon.com removed the book along with other holocaust-denying books from its US and UK sites. Did Six Million Really Die? Did Six Million Really Die? The Truth At Last is a Holocaust denial pamphlet allegedly written by British National Front member Richard Verrall under the pseudonym "Richard E. Harwood" and published in 1974 by neo-Nazi propagandist Ernst Zündel, another Holocaust denier

title: How Civilizations Die

text: The book consists three parts: How Civilizations Die How Civilizations Die (And Why Islam Is Dying Too) is a book written by the author and economist David P. Goldman, published on September 19, 2011 by Regnery Publishing. It discusses the declining in birthrates of both Europe and Islamic nations. In his view the decline in birthrates leads to the passive attitude of Europe, and the aggressive and violent attitude of the Islamic world, not from a stand of power, but from a point of desperate action. Most of the book is based on articles he published under the pseudonym "Spengler"

title: How Civilizations Die

text: How Civilizations Die How Civilizations Die (And Why Islam Is Dying Too) is a book written by the author and economist David P. Goldman, published on September 19, 2011 by Regnery Publishing. It discusses the declining in birthrates of both Europe and Islamic nations. In his view the decline in birthrates leads to the passive attitude of Europe, and the aggressive and violent attitude of the Islamic world, not from a stand of power, but from a point of desperate action. Most of the book is based on articles he published under the pseudonym "Spengler" on the "Asia Times" newspaper.

title: This Is How You Die

text: idea can be stretched without breaking". There are 31 stories contained within "This Is How You Die": This Is How You Die This Is How You Die: Stories of the Inscrutable, Infallible, Inescapable Machine of Death is a 2013 collection of science fiction short stories, which is a follow up anthology to the "Machine of Death", edited by Ryan North, Matthew Bennardo, and David Malki. "Kirkus Reviews" called it "(f)unny, frightening, (and) clever", while "Publishers Weekly" found it to be "fun, thoughtful, and sometimes dark". "The A.V. Club" noted the many "strikingly different perspectives" of how society would be affected

title: How to Die in Oregon

text: to produce the film as the state's law was upheld by the Supreme Court of the United States in the 2006 case Gonzales v. Oregon. "How to Die in Oregon" was well received by critics, currently holding a 100% "fresh" rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on 8 reviews. The film won the Grand Jury Prize for Documentaries at the 27th Sundance Film Festival. How to Die in Oregon How to Die in Oregon is a 2011 American documentary film produced and directed by Peter Richardson. It is set in the U.S. state of Oregon and covers the state's Death with

title: This Is How You Die

text: This Is How You Die This Is How You Die: Stories of the Inscrutable, Infallible, Inescapable Machine of Death is a 2013 collection of science fiction short stories, which is a follow up anthology to the "Machine of Death", edited by Ryan North, Matthew Bennardo, and David Malki. "Kirkus Reviews" called it "(f)unny, frightening, (and) clever", while "Publishers Weekly" found it to be "fun, thoughtful, and sometimes dark". "The A.V. Club" noted the many "strikingly different perspectives" of how society would be affected by the Machine, and lauded the book as "a celebration of creativity, exploring how impressively far one

title: How the Poor Die

text: his lungs, and a few moments later he was dead, aged 46. Controversy surrounds Sonia's activities. Some say she was at a nightclub and inaccessible. Others claim that at the end of the evening having had dinner with her friends she called the hospital and came back distraught with the news of Orwell's death. How the Poor Die "How the Poor Die" is an essay first published in 1946 in "Now" by the English author George Orwell. Orwell gives an anecdotal account of his experiences in a French public hospital which triggers a contemplation of hospital literature in the context

title: How the Poor Die

text: How the Poor Die "How the Poor Die" is an essay first published in 1946 in "Now" by the English author George Orwell. Orwell gives an anecdotal account of his experiences in a French public hospital which triggers a contemplation of hospital literature in the context of 19th-century medicine. In 1928 Orwell went to Paris for 18 months. In March 1929 he was feeling unwell and spent two weeks in the Hôpital Cochin, rue Faubourg Saint-Jacques, in the 15th arrondissement of Paris. Ill with the flu, he was treated at the hospital from 7 to 22 March 1929. While in

title: Did Six Million Really Die?

text: Did Six Million Really Die? Did Six Million Really Die? The Truth At Last is a Holocaust denial pamphlet allegedly written by British National Front member Richard Verrall under the pseudonym "Richard E. Harwood" and published in 1974 by neo-Nazi propagandist Ernst Zündel, another Holocaust denier and pamphleteer. The NF denied that Verrall was the author in a 1978 edition of "World in Action". In 1983, Holocaust survivor Sabina Citron began a private prosecution under s.181 of the Canadian Criminal Code against Zündel, charging him with spreading false news. She was subsequently joined in her proceedings against Zündel by the

title: Rise of Joseph Stalin

text: or die naturally. Soon after Lenin's death, Stalin joined Zinoviev and Kamenev in a Politburo Triumvirate. By 1924 they had one important thing in common, to get rid of the troublesome Trotsky. But this was no easy task. Trotsky was after all the creator of the Red Army and had played a huge role during the October revolution and was intellectually and as orator superior to Stalin. Here Stalin found his countermeasures in Zinoviev and Kamenev, and by letting them fight Trotsky, Stalin could appear as "The Golden Centre Man". There are more than one theory on the Stalin vs

title: Joseph Stalin

text: times. Khlevniuk noted that at various points, particularly when Stalin was old and frail, there were "periodic manifestations" in which the party oligarchy threatened his autocratic control. Stalin denied to foreign visitors that he was a dictator, stating that those who labelled him such did not understand the Soviet governance structure. A vast literature devoted to Stalin has been produced. During Stalin's lifetime, his approved biographies were largely hagiographic in content. Stalin ensured that these works gave very little attention to his early life, particularly because he did not wish to emphasise his Georgian origins in a state numerically dominated

title: How to Die in Oregon

text: How to Die in Oregon How to Die in Oregon is a 2011 American documentary film produced and directed by Peter Richardson. It is set in the U.S. state of Oregon and covers the state's Death with Dignity Act that allows terminally ill patients to self-administer barbiturates prescribed by their physician to end their own life, referred to as assisted suicide to opponents and medical aid in dying to proponents. The film was released in January 2011 at the 27th Sundance Film Festival and began airing on HBO later in the year. Peter Richardson, a native Oregonian, got the idea

title: Wilco: Learning How to Die

text: The book's title comes from a lyric of Wilco's "War on War", which appears on their 2002 album "Yankee Hotel Foxtrot". It was published on June 15, 2004 by Broadway Books. The book received positive reviews from outlets such as "The New York Times". Wilco: Learning How to Die Wilco: Learning How to Die (2004, ) is a book by "Chicago Tribune" rock critic Greg Kot. The book was written with the cooperation of Wilco band members past and present. It covers the time period from when Wilco singer Jeff Tweedy was born, through the formation and breakup of Uncle

title: Wilco: Learning How to Die

text: Wilco: Learning How to Die Wilco: Learning How to Die (2004, ) is a book by "Chicago Tribune" rock critic Greg Kot. The book was written with the cooperation of Wilco band members past and present. It covers the time period from when Wilco singer Jeff Tweedy was born, through the formation and breakup of Uncle Tupelo, and the career of Wilco through their 2004 album "A Ghost Is Born". It is primarily written as an oral history, featuring interviews with Tweedy, John Stirratt, and other Wilco members, as well as manager Tony Margherita and Uncle Tupelo drummer Mike Heidorn.

title: Joseph Stalin

text: parts of Eastern Europe. Stalin refused to punish the offenders. After receiving a complaint about this from Yugoslav communist Milovan Djilas, Stalin asked how after experiencing the traumas of war a soldier could "react normally? And what is so awful in his having fun with a woman, after such horrors?" With Germany defeated, Stalin switched focus to the war with Japan, transferring half a million troops to the Far East. Stalin was pressed by his allies to enter the war and wanted to cement the Soviet Union's strategic position in Asia. On 8 August, in between the atomic bombings of

title: Joseph Stalin

text: not Stalin—were apprehended by the authorities. Stalin returned to Saint Petersburg, where he continued editing and writing articles for "Pravda". After the October 1912 Duma elections resulted in six Bolsheviks and six Mensheviks being elected, Stalin wrote articles calling for reconciliation between the two Marxist factions, for which he was criticised by Lenin. In late 1912, he twice crossed into the Austro-Hungarian Empire to visit Lenin in Kraków, eventually bowing to Lenin's opposition to reunification with the Mensheviks. In January 1913 Stalin travelled to Vienna, there focusing on the 'national question' of how the Bolsheviks should deal with the Russian

title: Joseph Stalin

text: armed robbery. Lenin and Stalin disagreed with this decision, and later privately discussed how they could continue the robberies for the Bolshevik cause. Stalin married Kato Svanidze in a church ceremony at Senaki in July 1906. In March 1907 she bore a son, Yakov. By that year—according to the historian Robert Service—Stalin had established himself as "Georgia's leading Bolshevik". He attended the Fifth RSDLP Congress, held in London in May–June 1907. After returning to Tiflis, Stalin organized the robbing of a large delivery of money to the Imperial Bank in June 1907. His gang ambushed the armed convoy in Yerevan

title: How Did This Get Made?

text: has hosted episodes of its own spin-off podcast "How Did This Get Made? Origin Stories" in which Blake Harris interviews people involved with the films covered by the main show. In December 2017, an episode was recorded for the Pee Cast Blast event, and released exclusively on Stitcher Premium. How Did This Get Made? How Did This Get Made? (HDTGM) is a podcast on the Earwolf network. It is hosted by Paul Scheer, June Diane Raphael and Jason Mantzoukas. Each show, which typically has a different guest, features the deconstruction and mockery of outlandish and bad films. The hosts and

title: How the Poor Die

text: poultice. In the ward he notes the indifference of the staff to their patients, in particular when they are used as case studies for medical training. The death of "numero 57" sets Orwell wondering how lucky it is to die a natural death, or rather, as he thinks at the time of writing, and as he thought then, if is it better to die violently and not too old. Orwell sees his experiences in the French hospital, and in a Spanish hospital, in stark contrast to the care he received in an English cottage hospital. Orwell gives a historical background

title: Did Six Million Really Die?

text: Six Million Really Die?" does not fit with received views of reality because it is not part of reality. Although in the end he was not required to give evidence, the historian Hugh Trevor-Roper offered to give evidence, stating that "behind a simulated objectivity of expression, it is in fact an irresponsible and tendentious publication which avoids material evidence and presents selected half-truths and distortions for the sole purpose of sowing anti-Semitic propaganda". Anthony Hancock re-published "Did Six Million Really Die?" and made a significant amount of money from doing so, to the point where he was sued for royalties

title: Early life of Joseph Stalin

text: visit, with the former eventually bowing to Lenin's views on reunification with the Mensheviks. On this trip, Stalin also made friends with Roman Malinovsky, a Bolshevik who was secretly an informer for the Okhrana. In January 1913, Stalin travelled to Vienna, where he stayed with the wealthy Bolshevik sympathiser Alexander Troyanovsky. He was in the city at the same time as Adolf Hitler and Josip Broz Tito, although did not meet either of them at the time. There, he devoted himself to examining the 'national question' of how the Bolsheviks should deal with the various national and ethnic minorities living

title: How Did This Get Made?

text: This is often referenced in "How Did This Get Made", often by Jason and June, annoyed at how they hadn't been invited to host this new podcast, instead being subjected to the bad films that HDTGM cover. The show is released every two weeks. During the show's off week, a ".5" episode is uploaded featuring Scheer announcing the next week's movie as well as challenges for the fans. In addition to the shows and mini-shows, the "How Did This Get Made?" stream hosted the first three episodes of Casey Wilson and Danielle Schneider's "Bitch Sesh" podcast in December 2015. It

title: Why Did You Let My Kitten Die?

text: The song also features on the mini-album "The End Of A Beautiful Career". Why Did You Let My Kitten Die? "Why Did You Let My Kitten Die?" is a song by Angelica, released as the band's second single. It had a limited release of 1000 copies on Fantastic Plastic Records and was voted Alternative Record of the Year by BBC Radio 1's "Evening Session" audience. The title track is a reference to the 1961 film "Whistle Down the Wind", in which a group of children believe an escaped convict to be Jesus. The children give him a kitten to protect

title: Why Did You Let My Kitten Die?

text: Why Did You Let My Kitten Die? "Why Did You Let My Kitten Die?" is a song by Angelica, released as the band's second single. It had a limited release of 1000 copies on Fantastic Plastic Records and was voted Alternative Record of the Year by BBC Radio 1's "Evening Session" audience. The title track is a reference to the 1961 film "Whistle Down the Wind", in which a group of children believe an escaped convict to be Jesus. The children give him a kitten to protect but when the kitten dies they question whether he is who they believe.

title: M. K. Stalin

text: M. K. Stalin Muthuvel Karunanidhi Stalin (Tamil pronunciation: "Mu. Ka. Sṭāliṉ"; born 1 March 1953) known as M. K. Stalin, is an Indian politician from Tamil Nadu and president of the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK) political party. He was the 37th Mayor of Chennai from 1996 to 2002 and 1st Deputy Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu from 2009 to 2011. Stalin is the third son of 3rd Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu and DMK Chief M. Karunanidhi, and was born to his second wife, Dayalu Ammal. Stalin did Pre-university Course in Vivekananda College and completed his graduation in history from

title: How Did I Get Here?

text: compilation album. How Did I Get Here? How Did I Get Here? is a 1999 compilation album by Badly Drawn Boy. The album was created for American and Japanese audiences who were yet to be exposed to the artist. The album contains many tracks from his fourth and fifth Eps and the entire CD version of his third EP, "EP 3". The album features the one of only two CD versions of Badly Drawn Boy's fourth single ""Whirlpool"", an instrumental featuring production by Andy Votel which was only released on vinyl with a limited pressing; the other being on a

title: How Did I Get Here?

text: How Did I Get Here? How Did I Get Here? is a 1999 compilation album by Badly Drawn Boy. The album was created for American and Japanese audiences who were yet to be exposed to the artist. The album contains many tracks from his fourth and fifth Eps and the entire CD version of his third EP, "EP 3". The album features the one of only two CD versions of Badly Drawn Boy's fourth single ""Whirlpool"", an instrumental featuring production by Andy Votel which was only released on vinyl with a limited pressing; the other being on a Twisted Nerve

title: How Did This Get Made?

text: How Did This Get Made? How Did This Get Made? (HDTGM) is a podcast on the Earwolf network. It is hosted by Paul Scheer, June Diane Raphael and Jason Mantzoukas. Each show, which typically has a different guest, features the deconstruction and mockery of outlandish and bad films. The hosts and guest make jokes about the films as well as attempt to unscramble plots. After discussing the film, Scheer reads "second opinions" in the form of five-star reviews posted online by Amazon.com users. The hosts also often make recommendations on if the film is worth watching. The show is released

title: Yanks for Stalin

text: seldom paralleled in history." The program examines both how the Soviets spun the facts and how American industry concealed the help it provided to the Soviet Union. Yanks for Stalin Yanks for Stalin (1999) is a 60-minute "History Undercover" series special documentary that aired on the History Channel. It chronicles the story of American white- and blue-collar workers who left the United States during the Great Depression to work in the Soviet Union to bolster Joseph Stalin's five-year plans. Though the American white collar workers received special treatment there, the blue collar laborers often had to suffer the same deplorable

title: Stalin and His Hangmen

text: private holdings, including the Nestor Lakoba archive (acquired by the Hoover Institute). It demonstrates how Cheka and its successors were indispensable in Stalin's consolidation and maintenance of power. Stalin and His Hangmen Stalin and His Hangmen: An Authoritative Portrait of a Tyrant and Those Who Served Him by Donald Rayfield, and the imprinted with another subtitle: Stalin and His Hangmen: The Tyrant and Those Who Killed for Him, is a 2004 political biography by Donald Rayfield, of Joseph Stalin and his subordinates who ran the Soviet secret police: Felix Dzerzhinsky, Vyacheslav Menzhinsky, Genrikh Yagoda, Nikolai Yezhov and Lavrentiy Beria. The

title: Stalin and antisemitism

text: Stalin and antisemitism The question of how antisemitic Joseph Stalin was is widely discussed by historians. At the same time, instances of antisemitism on Stalin's part have been witnessed by contemporaries and documented by historical sources. Born in Gori, Georgia (then in the Russian Empire) and educated at an Orthodox seminary in Tiflis (Tbilisi) before becoming a professional revolutionary and a Marxist around the start of the 20th century, Stalin appears unlikely to have been stirred by antisemitism in his early years and met only a limited number of revolutionaries of Jewish origin during his first years of political activity.

title: Conversations with Stalin

text: Conversations with Stalin Conversations with Stalin () is a historical memoir by Yugoslav communist and intellectual Milovan Đilas. The book is an account of Đilas's experience of several diplomatic trips to Soviet Russia as a representative of the Yugoslav Communists. Writing in hindsight, Đilas recounts how his initial enthusiasms and feelings of ideological and ethnic brotherhood towards the Russian Communists were replaced by feelings of bitterness and disappointment following his repeated confrontations with the brutal, despotic reality of the Soviet regime under Joseph Stalin. Other figures which appear in the memoir include Josip Broz Tito, Aleksandar Ranković, and Edvard Kardelj

title: Stalin (1992 film)

text: how he was able to bring the Soviet Union to a place of great power on the world stage, but at a consequence: in this case, the destruction of his family as well as the mass murder of millions of his own Russian Revolutionary partners, and ultimately his acts of corruption in the Communist Party. The focus is on the behaviour of Stalin and the after effects. The story is as narrated by Stalin's daughter Svetlana, who defected to the United States in 1967. Stalin (1992 film) Stalin is a 1992 television film, produced for HBO, starring Robert Duvall portraying

title: Black Stalin

text: in St. Madeleine, but did not join a calypso tent until 1962 when he joined the "Southern Brigade". He was given the nickname Black Stalin by fellow calypsonian Blakie in the mid-1960s. In 1967 Black Stalin joined Kitchener's "Calypso Revue" tent and managed to place in that year's Calypso Monarch competition. Stalin won the Calypso Monarch competition for the first time in 1979 (with "Caribbean Man" and "Play One") and went on to win it again in 1985, 1987, 1991 and 1995. In 1979 he moved over to the Mighty Shadow's King of the Wizards Tent and recorded his first

title: Joseph Stalin

text: and editor of its main newspaper"; the historian Stephen Kotkin similarly noted that Stalin had been "in the thick of events" in the build-up to the coup. On 26 October, Lenin declared himself Chairman of a new government, the Council of People's Commissars ("Sovnarkom"). Stalin backed Lenin's decision not to form a coalition with the Mensheviks and Socialist Revolutionary Party, although they did form a coalition government with the Left Socialist Revolutionaries. Stalin became part of an informal foursome leading the government, alongside Lenin, Trotsky, and Sverdlov; of these, Sverdlov was regularly absent, and died in March 1919. Stalin's office

title: M. K. Stalin

text: of persons retrospectively. However, the court held under Madras (now Chennai) City Municipal Corporation Act, 1919, a person cannot be Mayor for two consecutive terms though unlike Stalin earlier mayors were not directly elected. Stalin did not appeal in the Supreme Court. Stalin has been arrested several times on various public issues since he was first arrested in 1975 under MISA, which is close to the Terrorism and Goondas Acts. Severe physical punishment has been imposed on him previously. Karunanidhi midnight arrest in which Karunanidhi, Stalin, Maran, and others were arrested and charged in the flyover scam. This was widely

title: How the Poor Die

text: work revolved around the unemployed, tramps and beggars – reworked it between summer 1940 and spring 1941, – submitted it to "Horizon" – but it was rejected – possibly because readers would have been unwilling to read about 'how the poor die' at such a time – and finally, a section retyped and then published in "Now", a magazine established by George Woodcock, in November 1946. Orwell recounts a tale based on his experiences in a public funded hospital in Paris. The various reception procedures and treatments he receives for pneumonia include bureaucracy, a bath, cupping therapy and a mustard

title: How the Poor Die

text: of how hospital wards began as casual wards 'for lepers and the like to die in' and became places for medical students to learn using the bodies of the poor. In the 19th century, surgery was viewed as a form of sadism, and dissection was only possible with the aid of body-snatchers. Orwell dwells on the literature of medicine in the 19th century, when doctors were given names such as Slasher and Fillgrave, and he particularly recalls "In the Children's Hospital: Emmie" (1880), a work by Tennyson. All this accounts for the surviving dread of hospitals among the poor and

title: Did Six Million Really Die?

text: in the High Court in 1982. In 1975 South African authors Arthur Zusman and Denis Diamond published a book confronting the claims made by Verrall titled "Six Million Did Die" (Johannesburg). A second Edition of the book was published in 1978. The first half of the book seeks to disprove claims made by Verrall and the second to provide further evidence of the holocaust. In 1985 and 1988 Verrall's publisher Ernst Zündel was tried in Canada on charges of "false news". He was found guilty and sentenced to 15 months in prison. On appeal his conviction was overturned by the

title: Did Six Million Really Die?

text: government of Ontario. The Supreme Court concluded in the 1988 trial that "The pamphlet "Did Six Million Really Die?" does not fit with received views of reality because it is not part of reality." In the work, Verrall doubts the Holocaust death toll, criticising the claim which says that "no less than six million Jews exterminated" in concentration camps. The booklet targets various war crime trials, the best known of these being the Nuremberg trials and the Adolf Eichmann trial, criticising their legal integrity and the standards of evidence presented, as well as the impartiality and objectivity of the judges.

title: Die! Die! Die!

text: on its successor, Die! Die! Die! kept touring. What seemed to the band like a reduced schedule for 2009-10 was summarised as: "We haven’t done much touring this year. Last year we only did about three tours or so. We did one two-month European tour and one month in Europe. We did a couple of New Zealand tours and I think we only went to Australia twice last year. I think we only played Brisbane once and that was with Wolfmother." - Andrew Wilson, April 2010 "Form" - called a "dense sounding album" by Wilson - was released on Flying

title: Rise of Joseph Stalin

text: moved to his dacha in Gorki. After this, prominent Bolsheviks were concerned about who would take over if Lenin actually died. Lenin and Trotsky had more of a personal and theoretical relationship, while Lenin and Stalin had more of a political and apparatical relationship. Yet, Stalin visited Lenin often, acting as his intermediary with the outside world. During this time, the two quarrelled over economic policy and how to consolidate the Soviet republics. One day, Stalin verbally swore at Lenin's wife, Nadezhda Krupskaya, for breaching Politburo orders by helping Lenin communicate with Trotsky and others about politics; this greatly offended

title: Rise of Joseph Stalin

text: his death, Stalin's formal title was "General Secretary". The office was not intended to be as powerful as Stalin over time would be. The office grew with Stalin, not the other way around. After a brief disappointment of not be given a heavy ministerial post, Stalin soon learned how to use his new office in order to gain advantages towards other key persons within the Bolshevik Party. An example of benefits he received through his new office was to prepare the agenda for the Politburo meetings. It was also the General Secretary who appointed new local party leaders. Only a

title: How Hedley Hopkins Did a Dare

text: the novel states that a good deal of the story is autobiographical in nature. How Hedley Hopkins Did a Dare How Hedley Hopkins Did a Dare, robbed a grave, made a new friend who might not have really been there at all, and while he was at it committed a terrible sin which everyone was doing even though he didn't know it () is a children's book written by Australian author Paul Jennings, and published by Puffin Books in May 2005. The story covers a short time in the life of young Hedley Hopkins, an English immigrant to Australia in

title: How Hedley Hopkins Did a Dare

text: How Hedley Hopkins Did a Dare How Hedley Hopkins Did a Dare, robbed a grave, made a new friend who might not have really been there at all, and while he was at it committed a terrible sin which everyone was doing even though he didn't know it () is a children's book written by Australian author Paul Jennings, and published by Puffin Books in May 2005. The story covers a short time in the life of young Hedley Hopkins, an English immigrant to Australia in the 1950s. The book was launched at St. Mary's Cathedral College. An afterword of

title: How Did We Get So Dark?

text: while the songwriting and production were well-executed, the band had failed to progress creatively since their debut. How Did We Get So Dark? How Did We Get So Dark? is the second studio album by British rock duo Royal Blood. The album was released by Warner Bros. Records on 16 June 2017. The album is considered by most critics to be compositionally similar to the band's breakthrough debut album; both albums are stylistically very similar, with Kerr's bass serving as the music's focal point. The album received generally positive reviews from music critics, attaining a Metacritic aggregate score of 71.

title: How Did We Get So Dark?

text: How Did We Get So Dark? How Did We Get So Dark? is the second studio album by British rock duo Royal Blood. The album was released by Warner Bros. Records on 16 June 2017. The album is considered by most critics to be compositionally similar to the band's breakthrough debut album; both albums are stylistically very similar, with Kerr's bass serving as the music's focal point. The album received generally positive reviews from music critics, attaining a Metacritic aggregate score of 71. The album was generally not as well received as the band's first album with critics noting that,

title: Rise of Joseph Stalin

text: On the night of 9 November 1932, Stalin's wife, Nadezhda Alliluyeva, shot herself in her bedroom. Stalin was sleeping in another room that night, so her death was not discovered until the next morning. To prevent a scandal, Pravda reported the cause of death as appendicitis. Stalin did not tell his own children the truth to prevent them from spreading the truth accidentally. On 1 December 1934, Sergei Kirov was murdered by Leonid Nikolaev. The death of this popular, high-profile politician shocked Russia, and Stalin used this murder to begin The Great Terror. Within hours of Kirov's death, Stalin declared

title: Rise of Joseph Stalin

text: Stalin could now rather easily send Zinoviev and Kamenev to Gulag (thus far just briefly), and by 1929 also Bukharin, Tomsky and Rykov found themselves played by Stalin. All struggles for power was over. Stalin was now the autocratic ruler of the entire Soviet Union. Millions of Russians and people of other ethnic origin inside the Soviet Union had been killed during the Russian Civil War, through starvation and in other conflicts, but the bloodbath had thus far not reached within the Bolshevik Party. Not even by 1929 did Stalin think of having Trotsky or any other possible political opponent

title: Rise of Joseph Stalin

text: to brutality, abuse of power and rising internal party struggles had occurred during his absence, Lenin's faith in Stalin faded. Further, a report on the situation in Georgia from the head of the security police GPU, Felix Dzerzhinsky, mentioned that violent atrocity had been done in the name of the party by Sergo Ordzhonikidze and associated people. Neither did Lenin approve of Dzerzhinsky who expressed his support of Stalin whilst reporting on Georgia to Lenin Further, Stalin had been very unpleasant with Lenin's wife, Nadezhda Krupskaya on the telephone. Stalin had threatened to have her prosecuted for having disturbed Lenin

title: Stalin (2006 film)

text: develop helping attitude among the people but finds that the chain did not work. On one occasion, he bashes a rich boy who injured a beggar. This goes in chain reaction, and the rich boy employs goons to attack Stalin. As Stalin disappears from the scene, the goons take Jhansi and her friend Chitra (Trisha) into their custody. Stalin reaches the spot and hacks the hand of one goon which happens to be the henchman of an MLA (Pradeep Rawat), who is the son-in-law of Home Minister Muddu Krishnayya (Prakash Raj). Krishnayya takes it as a prestige issue and tries

title: D.I.Y. or Die: How to Survive as an Independent Artist

text: (filmmaker), Ron Asheton of The Stooges, Madigan Shive of Bonfire Madigan, and Dave Brockie of Gwar, among others. The DVD was released (under the title "D.I.Y. or Die: Burn This DVD") with no region restrictions or copy protection. Director Michael W. Dean allowed and even encouraged people to make copies for non-commercial use. D.I.Y. or Die: How to Survive as an Independent Artist D.I.Y. or Die: How to Survive as an Independent Artist is a low-budget documentary film released by Music Video Distributors in 2002. The film is a "celebration of the underdog" and deals with why artists do what

title: How Did It Ever Come to This?

text: was bought out by Sony, and the ensuing disruption meant that this plan was shelved. After the band's split the three members negotiated a release from their contracts. How Did It Ever Come to This? "How Did it Ever Come to This?" was the last single released by the British band Easyworld. It did not appear on their second and final album "Kill the Last Romantic", because it had not yet been written. The band's record label Jive decided the band should record a new track as it was felt none of the tracks on the album were suitable for

title: How Did It Ever Come to This?

text: How Did It Ever Come to This? "How Did it Ever Come to This?" was the last single released by the British band Easyworld. It did not appear on their second and final album "Kill the Last Romantic", because it had not yet been written. The band's record label Jive decided the band should record a new track as it was felt none of the tracks on the album were suitable for release. The single charted at #50 in September 2004, missing the top 40 after "Til the Day" charted at #27 in February. Easyworld announced their split the following

title: Stalin and antisemitism

text: perceived antisemitism in his book "The Lesser Terror: Soviet State Security, 1939–1953", historian Michael Parrish posits that On the other hand, in "Esau's Tears: Modern Anti-Semitism and the Rise of the Jews", historian Albert S. Lindemann observes that Stalin and antisemitism The question of how antisemitic Joseph Stalin was is widely discussed by historians. At the same time, instances of antisemitism on Stalin's part have been witnessed by contemporaries and documented by historical sources. Born in Gori, Georgia (then in the Russian Empire) and educated at an Orthodox seminary in Tiflis (Tbilisi) before becoming a professional revolutionary and a Marxist

title: Conversations with Stalin

text: of Yugoslavia, Vyacheslav Molotov, Ivan Stepanovich Konev, and Nikita Khrushchev of the Soviet Union, and Georgi Dimitrov of Bulgaria. Conversations with Stalin Conversations with Stalin () is a historical memoir by Yugoslav communist and intellectual Milovan Đilas. The book is an account of Đilas's experience of several diplomatic trips to Soviet Russia as a representative of the Yugoslav Communists. Writing in hindsight, Đilas recounts how his initial enthusiasms and feelings of ideological and ethnic brotherhood towards the Russian Communists were replaced by feelings of bitterness and disappointment following his repeated confrontations with the brutal, despotic reality of the Soviet regime

title: Joseph Stalin

text: After the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991, the first President of the new Russian Federation, Boris Yeltsin, continued Gorbachev's denunciation of Stalin but added to it a denunciation of Lenin. His successor, Vladimir Putin, did not seek to rehabilitate Stalin but emphasised the celebration of Soviet achievements under Stalin's leadership rather than the Stalinist repressions; however, in October 2017 Putin opened the Wall of Grief memorial in Moscow, noting that the "terrible past" would neither be "justified by anything" nor "erased from the national memory". Amid the social and economic turmoil of the post-Soviet period, many Russians viewed

title: Joseph Stalin

text: the proletariat, peasantry, and lower middle-class. Churchill observed that an "Iron Curtain" had been drawn across Europe, separating the east from the west. In September 1947, a meeting of East European communist leaders was held in Szklarska Poręba, Poland, from which was formed Cominform to co-ordinate the Communist Parties across Eastern Europe and also in France and Italy. Stalin did not personally attend the meeting, sending Zhdanov in his place. Various East European communists also visited Stalin in Moscow. There, he offered advice on their ideas; for instance he cautioned against the Yugoslav idea for a Balkan federation incorporating Bulgaria

title: Joseph Stalin

text: as part of the Marshall Plan on the condition that they opened their markets to trade, aware that the Soviets would never agree. The Allies demanded that Stalin withdraw the Red Army from northern Iran, which he did in April 1947. Stalin also tried to maximise Soviet influence on the world stage, unsuccessfully pushing for Libya—recently liberated from Italian occupation—to become a Soviet protectorate. He sent Molotov as his representative to San Francisco to take part in negotiations to form the United Nations, insisting that the Soviets have a place on the Security Council. In April 1949, the Western powers

title: Joseph Stalin

text: agreed that to prevent Germany rising to military prowess yet again, the German state should be broken up. Roosevelt and Churchill also agreed to Stalin's demand that the German city of Königsberg be declared Soviet territory. Stalin was impatient for the UK and US to open up a Western Front to take the pressure off of the East; they eventually did so in mid-1944. Stalin insisted that, after the war, the Soviet Union should incorporate the portions of Poland it occupied pursuant to the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact with Germany, which Churchill opposed. Discussing the fate of the Balkans, later in 1944

title: Joseph Stalin

text: orders and repeatedly threatened to resign when affronted. In November 1919, the government awarded him the Order of the Red Banner for his wartime service. The Bolsheviks had won the civil war by late 1919. Sovnarkom turned its attention to spreading proletarian revolution abroad, to this end forming the Communist International in March 1919; Stalin attended its inaugural ceremony. Although Stalin did not share Lenin's belief that Europe's proletariat were on the verge of revolution, he acknowledged that as long as it stood alone, Soviet Russia remained vulnerable. In December 1918, he drew up decrees recognising Marxist-governed Soviet republics in

title: Udhayanidhi Stalin

text: "Gethu" (2016), with Amy Jackson and then performed in the courtroom drama "Manithan" (2016), with Hansika Motwani, a remake of the Hindi film "Jolly LLB". Udhayanidhi Stalin is the son of former Deputy Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu M. K. Stalin and the grandson of former Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu late M. Karunanidhi.He did schooling in Don Bosco and his degree in Visual Communications from Loyala College in Chennai. Several of his relatives have been actively involved in politics and Tamil cinema since the 1960s. His cousins Arulnithi and Dayanidhi Azhagiri are an actor and producer, respectively. He is

title: Early life of Joseph Stalin

text: village where he was settled, and thousands did. Stalin also had spies of his own in the Okhranka, warning him of their actions. In 1956, the magazine Life published a letter by Colonel Ermin, head of the Tiflis Okhranka, which stated that Stalin was an agent, but it has since been shown to be a forgery. In his 1967 biography of Stalin, Edward Ellis Smith argued that Stalin was an Okhranka agent by citing his suspicious ability to escape from Okhranka dragnets, travel unimpeded, and rabble-rouse full-time with no apparent source of income. One such example was the raid that

title: Early life of Joseph Stalin

text: the Empire's minority ethnicities. According to Conquest, Lenin recognised Stalin as "a ruthless and dependable enforcer of the Bolsheviks' will". Stalin was then appointed to the Central Committee, and would remain on it for the rest of his life. On 29 February, Stalin then took the train to St Petersburg via Moscow. There, his assigned task was to convert the Bolshevik weekly newspaper, "Zvezda" ("Star") into a daily, "Pravda" ("Truth"). The new newspaper was launched in April 1912. Stalin served as its editor-in-chief, but did so secretly. He was assisted in the newspaper's production by Vyacheslav Scriabin. In the city,

title: How the Poor Die

text: people who manage to die in their own homes, as though certain diseases only attacked people at the lower income levels. But it is a fact that you would not in any English hospitals see some of the things I saw in the Hôpital X. This business of dying like animals, for instance, with nobody interested, the death not even noticed till the morning—this happened more than once. In summer 1946, Orwell decamped to Jura, an island to the west of Scotland. A boating accident did little for his health. In December 1947 he was in hospital in Glasgow. Tuberculosis

title: Die! Die! Die!

text: finished the year with shows in China (including the Concrete and Grass festival), Europe, and the UK before returning to New Zealand for a 10-date summer tour. Another week's recording took place in Dunedin, and the final vocal and guitar parts were recorded at SpaceMonster in Whanganui the morning before a show in Wellington. "Charm. Offensive." missed a May release date 2017, and was preceded by single "How Soon Is Too Soon (It's Not Vintage, It's Used)" in July. In September Die! Die! Die! played the China Hardcore Music Festival in Wuhan, then the album came out in October. A

text: D.I.Y. or Die: How to Survive as an Independent Artist D.I.Y. or Die: How to Survive as an Independent Artist is a low-budget documentary film released by Music Video Distributors in 2002. The film is a "celebration of the underdog" and deals with why artists do what they do, regardless of the lack of a continuous paycheck. The film features some artists that define the DIY ethic and speaks to the overall DIY culture. It features interviews with Lydia Lunch, Ian MacKaye, J Mascis of Dinosaur Jr, Jim Rose, J. G. Thirlwell of Foetus, Mike Watt, Eric McFadden, Richard Kern

title: Vasily Stalin

text: Stalin", Vasili Stalin is portrayed by actor Vladimir Steklov. In the 2017 satirical film "The Death of Stalin" he is played by Rupert Friend. Vasily Stalin Vasily Iosifovich Stalin (; né Dzhugashvili; ; 21 March 1921 – 19 March 1962) was the son of Joseph Stalin by his second wife, Nadezhda Alliluyeva. The death of Vasily's mother from a self-inflicted gunshot in 1932 (eight years after his father ascended to General Secretary) represented a major change in the eleven year-old Vasily's life. Starting from this moment, Joseph Stalin ceased to visit his children; only the nursemaid and head of Stalin's

title: Stalin Society

text: Stalin Society The Stalin Society is a British discussion group for individuals who see Joseph Stalin as a great Marxist–Leninist and wish to preserve his legacy, which they believe to be positive. The society originated as a consequence of the dissolution of the Soviet Union and what the members perceived as a subsequent increase in the criticism of Stalin. According to the Stalin Society's website, "[t]he Stalin Society was formed in 1991 to defend Stalin and his work on the basis of fact and to refute capitalist, revisionist, opportunist and Trotskyist propaganda directed against him." The society is based on

title: Stalin and antisemitism

text: Although active in the Bolshevik faction of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party, he did not attend a party congress until 1905. Although Jews were active among both the Social Democratic Bolshevik and the Menshevik factions, Jews were more prominent among the Mensheviks. Stalin took note of the ethnic proportions represented on each side, as seen from a 1907 report on the Congress published in the "Bakinsky rabochy" ("Baku Workman"), which quoted a coarse joke about "a small pogrom" (погромчик) Stalin attributed to then-Bolshevik Grigory Aleksinsky: Not less interesting is the composition of the congress from the standpoint of nationalities.

title: Early life of Joseph Stalin

text: root out traitors caused much strife within the party; some accused him of doing this deliberately on the orders of the Okhranka. The Menshevik Razhden Arsenidze accused Stalin of betraying comrades he did not like to the Okhranka. The prominent Bolshevik Stepan Shahumyan directly accused Stalin of being an Okhrana agent in 1916. According to his personal secretary Olga Shatunovskaya, these opinions were shared by Stanislav Kosior, Iona Yakir and other prominent Bolsheviks. The rumours were reinforced by being published in the Soviet Union memoirs of Domenty Vadachkory, who wrote that Stalin used an Okhranka badge (supposedly stolen) to help

title: Stalin Society

text: a website and Facebook account. The society has claimed on Facebook that it "stands for communist revolution in Pakistan" and on its website it states that it is "not a political party but an academic venture" which aims to "refute anti-Stalin propaganda and revisionism". Stalin Societies have also been formed in the United States and Canada, Tunisia, India, Italy, Ireland, and Argentina, and an International Stalin Society was formed in 2014. Stalin Society The Stalin Society is a British discussion group for individuals who see Joseph Stalin as a great Marxist–Leninist and wish to preserve his legacy, which they believe

title: The Stalin

text: "The Stalin Z", with the line-up of Endo on vocals, Tatsuya Nakamura (ex:The Stalin) on drums, KenKen (Rize) on bass and Kazuhiro Hyaku (Mo'Some Tonebender) on guitar. The Stalin Circa 1979, Michiro Endo, a 29-year-old socialist activist, formed a punk band called , named after Japan's Self-Defense Forces. Several of their songs would later become The Stalin songs, such as "Ideologist", "Niku" and their versions of "No Fun" and "Light My Fire". In June 1980 Endo formed The Stalin. He chose the name because "Joseph Stalin is very hated by most people in Japan, so it is very good for

title: Sanjeev Stalin

text: Sanjeev Stalin Sanjeev Stalin (born 17 January 2001) is an Indian professional footballer who plays as a defender for Indian Arrows in the I-League. Stalin was born to his father, Stalin, and mother Parameshwari, in Bangalore, Karnataka. His parents run a small garment shop and his mom is a Burmese Indians who emigrated back to India to help her nephew. At the age of 10 Stalin was spotted by Iranian coach Jamshid Nassiri who recommended that he should join a football academy. Stalin was part of the AIFF Elite Academy batch that was preparing for the 2017 FIFA U-17 World

title: Die! Die! Die!

text: in 2015 the band recorded five tracks in a single day (with Attwell producing). They were released as an EP, "What Did You Expect". Die! Die! Die! and Attwell's history dated back to 2009, when Attwell's band KASMs were a UK support act. Their previous recording sessions included "Form" demos as well as work on "Harmony" and parts of "S W I M". He remained UK-based, unlike the other two members, so there were only short windows of time during which all three members could get together to record. "It’s changed with Rory, because we never planned to do another

title: Die Nigger Die!

text: Die Nigger Die! Die Nigger Die! is a 1969 political autobiography by the American political activist H. Rap Brown (now known as Jamil Abdullah al-Amin). The book was first released in the United States in 1969 (by Dial Press) and then in the United Kingdom in 1970 (by Allison & Busby). Brown describes his experiences as a young Black civil rights activist, and how they shaped his opinions of White America. He expresses his opinions on what he believes black Americans need to do to break free from White oppression. As a Chairman of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, and

title: The Stalin

text: 1988, especially the dissolution of the Soviet Union, Endo revived The Stalin with new members and a new name, now simply Stalin. He had been fascinated with the Polish Solidarity movement, which began the same year as The Stalin, and after a visit to Warsaw he organized a Japanese tour for the Polish punk band Dezerter. Stalin completed the cultural exchange in 1990 when they toured Eastern Europe, which was recorded and released as the "Saigo no Akai Natsu -Stalin Call in East Europe-" video. They had a couple line-up changes and released six singles, four studio albums and one

title: Joseph Stalin

text: Soviet Union. A 2012 survey commissioned by the Carnegie Endowment found 38% of Armenians concurring that their county "will always have need of a leader like Stalin". In early 2010 a new monument to Stalin was erected in Zaporizhia, Ukraine; in December unknown persons cut off its head and in 2011 it was destroyed in an explosion. In a 2016 Kiev International Institute of Sociology poll, 38% of respondents had a negative attitude to Stalin, 26% a neutral one and 17% a positive (19% refused to answer). Joseph Stalin Joseph Stalin (born Ioseb Besarionis dze Jughashvili; 18 December 1878 –

title: Joseph Stalin

text: it as undignified. There remained mutual suspicions between Stalin, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, and U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt, who were together known as the "Big Three". Churchill flew to Moscow to visit Stalin in August 1942 and again in October 1944. Stalin scarcely left Moscow throughout the war, with Roosevelt and Churchill frustrated with his reluctance to travel to meet them. In November 1943, Stalin met with Churchill and Roosevelt in Tehran, a location of Stalin's choosing. There, Stalin and Roosevelt got on well, with both desiring the post-war dismantling of the British Empire. At Tehran, the trio

title: Joseph Stalin

text: the Soviet Union into instability. In late 1924, Stalin moved against Kamenev and Zinoviev, removing their supporters from key positions. In 1925, Kamenev and Zinoviev moved into open opposition of Stalin and Bukharin. They attacked one another at the 14th Party Congress, where Stalin accused Kamenev and Zinoviev of reintroducing factionalism—and thus instability—into the party. In mid-1926, Kamenev and Zinoviev joined with Trotsky's supporters to form the United Opposition against Stalin; in October they agreed to stop factional activity under threat of expulsion, and later publicly recanted their views under Stalin's command. The factionalist arguments continued, with Stalin threatening to

title: Joseph Stalin

text: was rude to his wife Krupskaya during a telephone conversation. In the final years of his life, Krupskaya provided governing figures with Lenin's Testament, a series of increasingly disparaging notes about Stalin. These criticized Stalin's rude manners and excessive power, suggesting that Stalin should be removed from the position of General Secretary. Some historians have questioned whether Lenin ever produced these, suggesting instead that they may have been written by Krupskaya, who had personal differences with Stalin; Stalin, however, never publicly voiced concerns about their authenticity. Lenin died in January 1924. Stalin took charge of the funeral and was one

title: Joseph Stalin

text: to assist Mikhail Tukhachevsky's forces. In August, the Poles repulsed the Russian advance and Stalin returned to Moscow. A Polish-Soviet peace treaty was signed; Stalin saw this as a failure for which he blamed Trotsky. In turn, Trotsky accused Stalin of "strategic mistakes" in his handling of the war at the Ninth Bolshevik Conference. Stalin felt resentful and under-appreciated; in September he demanded demission from the military, which was granted. The Soviet government sought to bring neighbouring states under its domination; in February 1921 it invaded the Menshevik-governed Georgia, while in April 1921, Stalin ordered the Red Army into Turkestan

title: Joseph Stalin

text: dominated by liberals. In a celebratory mood, Stalin travelled by train to Petrograd in March. There, Stalin and fellow Bolshevik Lev Kamenev assumed control of "Pravda", and Stalin was appointed the Bolshevik representative to the Executive Committee of the Petrograd Soviet, an influential council of the city's workers. In April, Stalin came third in the Bolshevik elections for the party's Central Committee; Lenin came first and Zinoviev came second. This reflected his senior standing in the party at the time. Stalin helped organise the July Days uprising, an armed display of strength by Bolshevik supporters. After the demonstration was suppressed,

title: Joseph Stalin

text: He escaped to Saint Petersburg, where he was arrested in September 1911, and sentenced to a further three-year exile in Vologda. While Stalin was in exile, the first Bolshevik Central Committee had been elected at the Prague Conference, after which Lenin and Grigory Zinoviev invited Stalin to join it. Still in Vologda, Stalin agreed, remaining a Central Committee member for the rest of his life. Lenin believed that Stalin, as a Georgian, would help secure support for the Bolsheviks from the Empire's minority ethnicities. In February 1912, Stalin again escaped to Saint Petersburg, tasked with converting the Bolshevik weekly newspaper,

title: J. Stalin

text: Streets" in early May 2007. J. Stalin is the President of Town Thizzness, and the owner of Livewire Records. He is also the front man in his group, Livewire Da Gang The Livewire Gang consists of many artists from various neighborhoods in North, East, and West Oakland. Some of these artists include, Shady Nate, Jay Jonah, Philthy Rich, Stevie Joe, Lil Blood, Ruben Stunner, R.O.B., Ronald Mack, Ant Mack, Kiwi Da Beast, and Mayback. J. Stalin Jovan Smith (born January 25, 1983), better known by his stage name J. Stalin (also stylized as J Stalin or J-Stalin), is a rapper

title: J. Stalin

text: J. Stalin Jovan Smith (born January 25, 1983), better known by his stage name J. Stalin (also stylized as J Stalin or J-Stalin), is a rapper from the Cypress Village housing projects in West Oakland. In 2007, he signed to Zoo Entertainment Production Company run by artist Mekanix, who described his style as a variant of Hyphy known as "Go". He is also the Owner of Livewire Records, President of Town Thizzness ENT, which is a sub-division of the late Mac Dre's Thizz ENT. J. Stalin was born into poverty and earned money as a child by selling candy bars

title: Stalin-Allee

text: Stalin-Allee Stalin-Allee is a German short film by director Sven Boeck. The film focuses on the Karl-Marx-Allee, also still known as Stalin-Allee. The homogeneous architecture of the street is unique in Europe. In 1952, construction work began. Amidst the ruins of Berlin "palaces for the working class" were built, the "first socialist avenue in Germany". In the first years of the GDR, Stalin Avenue was the showcase meant to demonstrate the power and effectiveness of the socialist system. Beyond the cultural aspects of the street, a film about Stalin Avenue has to include the failings of the socialist experiment as

title: From Bryan to Stalin

text: recuperation process in 1934 and 1935 that Foster began work on his autobiography, an effort that was ultimately published in two volumes as "From Bryan to Stalin" (1937) and "Pages from a Worker's Life" (1939). "From Bryan to Stalin" was released in the spring of 1937 by International Publishers, a New York City-based publishing house closely tied to the Communist Party, USA. The book did not cross over to achieve mainstream publishing success, but was restricted instead to a relatively limited circulation among radical political activists. Calling Foster "the most important figure in the American Communist Party," "Brooklyn Daily Eagle"

title: Joseph Stalin

text: privately that "every Jew is a potential spy." Conquest stated that although Stalin had Jewish associates, he promoted anti-Semitism. Service cautioned that there was "no irrefutable evidence" of anti-Semitism in Stalin's published work, although his private statements and public actions were "undeniably reminiscent of crude antagonism towards Jews"; he added that throughout Stalin's lifetime, the Georgian "would be the friend, associate or leader of countless individual Jews". According to Beria, Stalin had affairs with several Jewish women. Friendship was important to Stalin, and he used it to gain and maintain power. Kotkin observed that Stalin "generally gravitated to people like

title: Joseph Stalin

text: and Albania. Stalin had a particularly strained relationship with Yugoslav leader Josip Broz Tito due to the latter's continued calls for Balkan federation and for Soviet aid for the communist forces in the ongoing Greek Civil War. In March 1948, Stalin launched an anti-Tito campaign, accusing the Yugoslav communists of adventurism and deviating from Marxist–Leninist doctrine. At the second Cominform conference, held in Bucharest in June 1948, East European communist leaders all denounced Tito's government, accusing them of being fascists and agents of Western capitalism. Stalin ordered several assassination attempts on Tito's life and contemplated invading Yugoslavia. Stalin suggested that

title: Joseph Stalin

text: the murder, Stalin became increasingly concerned by the threat of assassination, improved his personal security, and rarely went out in public. State repression intensified after Kirov's death; Stalin instigated this, reflecting his prioritisation of security above other considerations. Stalin issued a decree establishing NKVD troikas which could mete out rulings without involving the courts. In 1935, he ordered the NKVD to expel suspected counter-revolutionaries from urban areas; in early 1935, over 11,000 were expelled from Leningrad. In 1936, Nikolai Yezhov became head of the NKVD. Stalin orchestrated the arrest of many former opponents in the Communist Party as well as

title: Joseph Stalin

text: number of authorised Stalin biographies were also published, although Stalin generally wanted to be portrayed as the embodiment of the Communist Party rather than have his life story explored. During the later 1930s, Stalin placed "a few limits on the worship of his own greatness". By 1938, Stalin's inner circle had gained a degree of stability, containing the personalities who would remain there until Stalin's death. Seeking improved international relations, in 1934 the Soviet Union secured membership of the League of Nations, of which it had previously been excluded. Stalin initiated confidential communications with Hitler in October 1933, shortly after

title: Joseph Stalin

text: the far right across Europe as a far greater threat. After Bukharin's departure, Stalin placed the Communist International under the administration of Dmitry Manuilsky and Osip Piatnitsky. Stalin faced problems in his family life. In 1929, his son Yakov unsuccessfully attempted suicide; his failure earned Stalin's contempt. His relationship with Nadya was also strained amid their arguments and her mental health problems. In November 1932, after a group dinner in the Kremlin in which Stalin flirted with other women, Nadya shot herself. Publicly, the cause of death was given as appendicitis; Stalin also concealed the real cause of death from

title: Joseph Stalin

text: retained in the position. As General Secretary, Stalin had had a free hand in making appointments to his own staff, implanting his loyalists throughout the party and administration. Favouring new Communist Party members, many from worker and peasant backgrounds, to the "Old Bolsheviks" who tended to be university educated, he ensured he had loyalists dispersed across the country's regions. Stalin had much contact with young party functionaries, and the desire for promotion led many provincial figures to seek to impress Stalin and gain his favour. Stalin also developed close relations with the trio at the heart of the secret police

title: Joseph Stalin

text: the hamlet of Kureika on the edge of the Arctic Circle. In the hamlet, Stalin had a relationship with Lidia Pereprygia, who was thirteen at the time and thus a year under the legal age of consent in Tsarist Russia. Circa December 1914, Pereprygia gave birth to Stalin's child, although the infant soon died. She gave birth to another of his children, Alexander, circa April 1917. In Kureika, Stalin lived closely with the indigenous Tunguses and Ostyak, and spent much of his time fishing. While Stalin was in exile, Russia entered the First World War, and in October 1916 Stalin

title: Joseph Stalin

text: Stalin may have intended it to imitate Lenin's pseudonym. Stalin retained this name for the rest of his life, possibly because it had been used on the article which established his reputation among the Bolsheviks. In February 1913, Stalin was arrested while back in Saint Petersburg. He was sentenced to four years exile in Turukhansk, a remote part of Siberia from which escape was particularly difficult. In August, he arrived in the village of Monastyrskoe, although after four weeks was relocated to the hamlet of Kostino. In March 1914, concerned over a potential escape attempt, the authorities moved Stalin to

title: Joseph Stalin

text: the venue had been moved to Tampere in the Grand Duchy of Finland. At the conference Stalin met Lenin for the first time. Although Stalin held Lenin in deep respect, he was vocal in his disagreement with Lenin's view that the Bolsheviks should field candidates for the forthcoming election to the State Duma; Stalin saw the parliamentary process as a waste of time. In April 1906, Stalin attended the RSDLP Fourth Congress in Stockholm; this was his first trip outside the Russian Empire. At the conference, the RSDLP—then led by its Menshevik majority—agreed that it would not raise funds using