query: What company produced rotary engine vehicles?

title: Rotary engine

text: maintained, to provide smooth running. Rotary engines with an even number of cylinders were mostly of the "two row" type. Most rotary engines were arranged with the cylinders pointing outwards from a single crankshaft, in the same general form as a radial, but there were also rotary boxer engines and even one-cylinder rotaries. Three key factors contributed to the rotary engine's success at the time: Engine designers had always been aware of the many limitations of the rotary engine so when the static style engines became more reliable and gave better specific weights and fuel consumption, the days of the

title: Rotary engine

text: NSU in the Ro80 car, by Mazda in a variety of cars such as the RX-series, and in some experimental aviation applications. In the late 1970s a concept engine called the Bricklin-Turner Rotary Vee was tested. The Rotary Vee is similar in configuration to the elbow steam engine. Piston pairs connect as solid V shaped members, with each end floating in a pair of rotating cylinders clusters. The rotating cylinder cluster pairs are set with their axes at a wide V angle. The pistons in each cylinder cluster move parallel to each other instead of a radial direction, This engine

title: Rotary engine

text: production Adams-Farwell cars with first the 3-cylinder, then very shortly thereafter 5-cylinder rotary engines later in 1906, as another early American automaker utilizing rotary engines expressly manufactured for automotive use. Emil Berliner sponsored its development of the 5-cylinder Adams-Farwell rotary engine design concept as a lightweight power unit for his unsuccessful helicopter experiments. Adams-Farwell engines later powered fixed-wing aircraft in the US after 1910. It has also been asserted that the Gnôme design was derived from the Adams-Farwell, since an Adams-Farwell car is reported to have been demonstrated to the French Army in 1904. In contrast to the later Gnôme

title: Wankel engine

text: the three key issues with previous rotary engines: fuel economy, emissions and reliability. Takashi Yamanouchi, the global CEO of Mazda said: "The rotary engine has very good dynamic performance, but it's not so good on economy when you accelerate and decelerate. However, with a range extender you can use a rotary engine at a constant 2,000rpm, at its most efficient. It's compact, too." No Wankel engine in this arrangement has yet been used in production vehicles or planes. However, in November 2013 Mazda announced to the motoring press a series-hybrid prototype car, the Mazda2 EV, using a Wankel engine as

title: Wankel engine

text: cm displacement OS/Graupner model Wankel engine was running, and was produced in at least two differing versions from 1970 to the present day, solely by the O.S. firm after Graupner's demise in 2012. Aircraft Wankel engines are increasingly being found in roles where the compact size, high power-to-weight ratio and quiet operation are important, notably in drones and unmanned aerial vehicles. Many companies and hobbyists adapt Mazda rotary engines, taken from cars, to aircraft use. Others, including Wankel GmbH itself, manufacture Wankel rotary engines dedicated for that purpose. One such use is the "Rotapower" engines in the Moller Skycar M400.

title: Wankel engine

text: subsequently licensed the design to companies around the world, who have continually added improvements. The engines produced are of spark ignition, with compression ignition engines having only been built in research projects. The Wankel engine has the advantages of compact design and low weight over the most commonly used internal combustion engine employing reciprocating pistons. These advantages have given rotary engine applications in a variety of vehicles and devices, including: automobiles, motorcycles, racing cars, aircraft, go-karts, jet skis, snowmobiles, chainsaws, and auxiliary power units. The power-to-weight ratio has reached over one horsepower per pound in certain engines. In 1951, NSU

title: Wankel engine

text: combat vehicles and other equipment in the late 1980s. In 1961, the Soviet research organization of NATI, NAMI, and VNIImotoprom commenced development creating experimental engines with different technologies. Soviet automobile manufacturer AvtoVAZ also experimented in Wankel engine design without a license, introducing a limited number of engines in some cars. Despite much research and development throughout the world, only Mazda has produced Wankel engines in large quantities. In Britain, Norton Motorcycles developed a Wankel rotary engine for motorcycles, based on the Sachs air-cooled rotor Wankel that powered the DKW/Hercules W-2000 motorcycle. This two-rotor engine was included in the Commander and

title: Wankel engine

text: Wankel ("rotary" in the company's terminology) vehicles, including a bus and a pickup truck. Customers often cited the cars' smoothness of operation. However, Mazda chose a method to comply with hydrocarbon emission standards that, while less expensive to produce, increased fuel consumption. Unfortunately for Mazda, this was introduced immediately prior to a sharp rise in fuel prices. Curtiss-Wright produced the RC2-60 engine which was comparable to a V8 engine in performance and fuel consumption. Unlike NSU, by 1966 Curtiss-Wright had solved the rotor sealing issue with seals lasting . Mazda later abandoned the Wankel in most of their automotive designs,

title: Mercedes-Benz M950F engine

text: Mercedes-Benz M950F engine The extremely rare (12 total built) Mercedes-Benz M950F was a normally aspirated Wankel engine mounted in experimental Mercedes-Benz C111 vehicles, built in 1969-70. There were two versions: 3-rotor engine ( each) with power output of at 7000 rpm, and a later version 4-rotor engine ( each) with power output of at 7000 rpm. The experimental Mercedes-Benz C111 containing the (code named M950F) engine was shown to the public at the 1969 Frankfurt International Motor Show. This was a totally experimental car from Daimler-Benz. The company dropped Wankel rotary development mainly due to poor fuel consumption in this

title: Wankel engine

text: Wankel Engines was developed by UK-based engineers AIE (UK) Ltd, following a licensing agreement to utilise patents from Norton rotary engine creator, David Garside. The CREEV system (Compound Rotary Engine for Electric Vehicles) uses a secondary rotor to extract energy from the exhaust, consuming unburnt exhaust products while expansion occurs in the secondary rotor stage, thus reducing overall emissions and fuel costs by recouping exhaust energy that would otherwise be lost. By expanding the exhaust gas to near atmospheric pressure, Garside also ensured the engine exhaust would remain cooler and quieter. AIE (UK) Ltd is now utilising this patent to

title: Mazda Wankel engine

text: to power a conventional sports car. On November 16, 2011, Mazda CEO Takashi Yamanouchi announced that the company is still committed to producing the rotary engine, saying, "So long as I remain involved with this company... there will be a rotary engine offering or multiple offerings in the lineup." On November 17, 2016 Senior managing executive officer of Mazda research and development Kiyoshi Fujiwara told journalists at the Los Angeles motor show that the company is currently developing its first EV in 2019, and it’s likely to incorporate a rotary engine, but that the details were still "a big secret."

title: Armdale Rotary

text: Armdale Rotary The Armdale Rotary is a roundabout in the Armdale district of Halifax, Nova Scotia. The traffic circle receives vehicles from five different directions: Chebucto Road and Quinpool Road on the Halifax Peninsula, Herring Cove Road and Joseph Howe Drive, which run along the isthmus of the Halifax Peninsula, and St. Margaret's Bay Road, which travels away from the Halifax Peninsula. It currently handles approximately 60,000 vehicles on weekdays. The historic intersection predates modern automobile traffic but was designed during the post-war period to handle 5,000-20,000 vehicles. Dramatic urban growth on the Halifax Peninsula and subdivisions off the peninsula

title: Waterloo Gasoline Engine Company

text: purchase the Waterloo Gasoline Engine Co. because field tests indicated that the Waterloo Boy tractor had the best performance. After the sale was completed, the company became known as the John Deere Tractor Company, but tractors produced by the company continued to be sold under the Waterloo Boy name until 1923, when the John Deere Model D was introduced. Waterloo Gasoline Engine Company The Waterloo Gasoline Engine Company was the first company to manufacture and sell gasoline powered farm tractors. Based in Waterloo, Iowa, the company was created by John Froelich and a group of Iowa businessmen in 1893, and

title: Mazda Wankel engine

text: a rotary engine offering or multiple offerings in the lineup." Currently, the engine is produced for SCCA Formula Mazda, and its professional Indy Racing League LLC dba INDYCAR sanctioned Pro Mazda Championship. Mazda last built a car powered by a rotary engine in 2012, the RX-8, but had to abandon it largely to poor fuel efficiency and emissions. It has continued to work on the technology, however, as it is one of the company's signature features. Mazda officials have previously suggested that if they can get it to perform as well as a reciprocating engine they will bring it back,

title: Aircraft engine

text: their major drawbacks. The first practical rotary engine was the Gnome Omega designed by the Seguin brothers and first flown in 1909. Its relative reliability and good power to weight ratio changed aviation dramatically. Before the first World War most speed records were gained using Gnome-engined aircraft, and in the early years of the war rotary engines were dominant in aircraft types for which speed and agility were paramount. To increase power, engines with two rows of cylinders were built. However, the gyroscopic effects of the heavy rotating engine produced handling problems in aircraft and the engines also consumed large

title: Mazda Wankel engine

text: ban combustion, therefore we need some additional portion of electrification because the driver can’t use this rotary sports car. Some of the regions we don’t need this small electrification, therefore we can utilise pure rotary engines." Mazda Wankel engine The Mazda Wankel engines are a family of Wankel rotary combustion car engines produced by Mazda. Wankel engines were invented in the early 1960s by Felix Wankel, a German engineer. Over the years, displacement has been increased and turbocharging has been added. Mazda rotary engines have a reputation for being relatively small and powerful at the expense of poor fuel efficiency.

title: Mazda Wankel engine

text: was the only maker of Wankel-powered cars when (the RX-8) was discontinued from production in June 2012 with 2000 RX-8 Spirit R models being made for JDM (RHD) market. Though not reflected in the graph at right, the RX-8 was a higher-volume car than its predecessors. Sales of the RX-8 peaked in 2004 at 23,690, but continued to decline through 2011, when less than 1000 were produced. On November 16, 2011, Mazda CEO Takashi Yamanouchi announced that the company is still committed to producing the rotary engine, saying, "So long as I remain involved with this company... there will be

title: Wankel engine

text: to open wheel racing vehicles, but powered by a small Curtiss-Wright rotary engine. In engines having more than two rotors, or two rotor race engines intended for high-rpm use, a multi-piece eccentric shaft may be used, allowing additional bearings between rotors. While this approach does increase the complexity of the eccentric shaft design, it has been used successfully in the Mazda's production three-rotor 20B-REW engine, as well as many low volume production race engines. The C-111-2 4 Rotor Mercedes-Benz eccentric shaft for the KE Serie 70, Type DB M950 KE409 is made in one piece. Mercedes-Benz used split bearings. The

title: Rotary engine

text: Balzer produced a 3-cylinder, rotary engined car in 1894, then later became involved in Langley's "Aerodrome" attempts, which bankrupted him while he tried to make much larger versions of his engines. Balzer's rotary engine was later converted to static radial operation by Langley's assistant, Charles M. Manly, creating the notable Manly-Balzer engine. The famous De Dion-Bouton company produced an experimental 4-cylinder rotary engine in 1899. Though intended for aviation use, it was not fitted to any aircraft. The Adams-Farwell firm's automobiles, with the firm's first rolling prototypes using 3-cylinder rotary engines designed by Fay Oliver Farwell in 1898, led to

title: Rotary engine

text: 1888, so must be considered the pioneer of the internal combustion rotary engine. A machine powered by his engine took part in the Paris-Bordeaux-Paris race of 1895 and the system was put into production by Darracq and Company London in 1900. Lawrence Hargrave first developed a rotary engine in 1889 using compressed air, intending to use it in powered flight. Materials weight and lack of quality machining prevented it becoming an effective power unit. Stephen M. Balzer of New York, a former watchmaker, constructed rotary engines in the 1890s. He was interested in the rotary layout for two main reasons:

title: Rotary engine

text: extent of the exhaust valves using levers acting on the valve tappet rollers, a system later abandoned due to valves burning. The weight of the Monosoupape was slightly less than the earlier two-valve engines, and it used less lubricating oil. The 100 hp Monosoupape was built with 9 cylinders, and developed its rated power at 1,200 rpm. The later 160 hp nine-cylinder Gnome 9N rotary engine used the Monosoupape valve design while adding the safety factor of a dual ignition system, and was the last known rotary engine design to use such a cylinder head valving format. Rotary engines produced

title: Rotary engine

text: on the power of its twinned M-2 rotary engines. Although rotary engines were mostly used in aircraft, a few cars and motorcycles were built with rotary engines. Perhaps the first was the Millet motorcycle of 1892. A famous motorcycle, winning many races, was the Megola, which had a rotary engine inside the front wheel. Another motorcycle with a rotary engine was Charles Redrup's 1912 Redrup Radial, which was a three-cylinder 303 cc rotary engine fitted to a number of motorcycles by Redrup. In 1904 the Barry engine, also designed by Redrup, was built in Wales: a rotating 2-cylinder boxer engine

title: Pistonless rotary engine

text: basic concept of a pistonless rotary engine avoids the reciprocating motion of the piston with its inherent vibration and rotational-speed-related mechanical stress. the Wankel engine is the only successful pistonless rotary engine, but many similar concepts have been proposed and are under various stages of development. Examples of rotary engines include: Pistonless rotary engine A pistonless rotary engine is an internal combustion engine that does not use pistons in the way a reciprocating engine does, but instead uses one or more rotors, sometimes called rotary pistons. An example of a pistonless rotary engine is the Wankel engine. The term rotary

title: Rotary engine

text: weighing 6.5 kg was mounted inside a motorcycle frame. The early-1920s German Megola motorcycle used a five-cylinder rotary engine within its front wheel design. In the 1940s Cyril Pullin developed the Powerwheel, a wheel with a rotating one-cylinder engine, clutch and drum brake inside the hub, but it never entered production. Cars with rotary engines were built by American companies Adams-Farwell, Bailey, Balzer and Intrepid, amongst others. Besides the configuration of cylinders moving around a fixed crankshaft, several different engine designs are also called "rotary engines". The most notable pistonless rotary engine, the Wankel rotary engine has been used by

title: Pistonless rotary engine

text: Pistonless rotary engine A pistonless rotary engine is an internal combustion engine that does not use pistons in the way a reciprocating engine does, but instead uses one or more rotors, sometimes called rotary pistons. An example of a pistonless rotary engine is the Wankel engine. The term rotary combustion engine has been suggested as an alternative name for these engines to distinguish them from early (generally up to the early 1920s) aircraft engines and motorcycle engines also known as "rotary engines". However, both continue to be called "rotary engines" and only the context determines which type is meant. The

title: Rotary engine

text: Louis was joined by his brother Laurent who designed a rotary engine specifically for aircraft use, using Gnom engine cylinders. The brothers' first experimental engine is said to have been a 5-cylinder model that developed , and was a radial rather than rotary engine, but no photographs survive of the five-cylinder experimental model. The Seguin brothers then turned to rotary engines in the interests of better cooling, and the world's first production rotary engine, the 7-cylinder, air-cooled "Omega" was shown at the 1908 Paris automobile show. The first Gnome Omega built still exists, and is now in the collection of

title: Rotary engine

text: design has not gone into production. The Rotary Vee was intended to power the Bricklin SV-1. Rotary engine The rotary engine is an early type of internal combustion engine, usually designed with an odd number of cylinders per row in a radial configuration, in which the crankshaft remained stationary in operation, with the entire crankcase and its attached cylinders rotating around it as a unit. Its main application was in aviation, although it also saw use before its primary aviation role, in a few early motorcycles and automobiles. This type of engine was widely used as an alternative to conventional

title: Rotary engine

text: rotary engine were numbered. The late WWI Bentley BR2, as the largest and most powerful rotary engine, had reached a point beyond which this type of engine could not be further developed, and it was the last of its kind to be adopted into RAF service. It is often asserted that rotary engines had no throttle and hence power could only be reduced by intermittently cutting the ignition using a "blip" switch. This was almost literally true of the "Monosoupape" (single valve) type, which took most of the air into the cylinder through the exhaust valve, which remained open for

title: Rotary engine

text: least in part to provide some use for the Oberursel factory's backlog of otherwise redundant Ur.II engines, themselves clones of the Le Rhône 9J rotary. Because of the Allied blockade of shipping, the Germans were increasingly unable to obtain the castor oil necessary to properly lubricate their rotary engines. Substitutes were never entirely satisfactory - causing increased running temperatures and reduced engine life. By the time the war ended, the rotary engine had become obsolete, and it disappeared from use quite quickly. The British Royal Air Force probably used rotary engines for longer than most other operators. The RAF's standard

title: Rotary engine

text: post-war fighter, the Sopwith Snipe, used the Bentley BR2 rotary as the most powerful (at some ) rotary engine ever built by the Allies of World War I. The standard RAF training aircraft of the early post-war years, the 1914-origin Avro 504K, had a universal mounting to allow the use of several different types of low powered rotary, of which there was a large surplus supply. Similarly, the Swedish FVM Ö1 Tummelisa advanced training aircraft, fitted with a Le-Rhone-Thulin rotary engine, served until the mid thirties. Designers had to balance the cheapness of war-surplus engines against their poor fuel efficiency

title: Rotary engine

text: fuel valve. Pilots were advised to not use an ignition cut out switch, as it would eventually damage the engine. Pilots of surviving or reproduction aircraft fitted with rotary engines still find that the blip switch is useful while landing, as it provides a more reliable, quicker way to initiate power if needed, rather than risk a sudden engine stall, or the failure of a windmilling engine to restart at the worst possible moment. Félix Millet showed a 5-cylinder rotary engine built into a bicycle wheel at the Exposition Universelle in Paris in 1889. Millet had patented the engine in

title: Rotary engine

text: Rotary engine The rotary engine is an early type of internal combustion engine, usually designed with an odd number of cylinders per row in a radial configuration, in which the crankshaft remained stationary in operation, with the entire crankcase and its attached cylinders rotating around it as a unit. Its main application was in aviation, although it also saw use before its primary aviation role, in a few early motorcycles and automobiles. This type of engine was widely used as an alternative to conventional inline engines (straight or V) during World War I and the years immediately preceding that conflict.

title: General Motors Rotary Combustion Engine

text: the cancellation order was issued. The General Motors' abandonment of the rotary engine affected American Motors, who had an agreement to purchase power rotary plants from General Motors. The 1975 AMC Pacer was designed to utilize GM's new rotary engine, however AMC was forced to market the car with an inline six engine. Wankel "vs". V8 engine General Motors Rotary Combustion Engine The General Motors Rotary Combustion Engine (GMRCE) is an internal combustion Wankel engine which uses a rotary design to convert pressure into a rotating motion instead of using reciprocating pistons. In November 1970, GM paid $50 million for

title: Britalus rotary engine

text: the expander cylinders and pistons. Similar external combustion rotary engines have been patented by: Britalus rotary engine The Britalus rotary engine was invented in 1982 by Kenneth W. Porter, P.E., M.S.A.E, of King County, Washington. It operates on a modified Brayton cycle, but with continuous pulsed combustion, similar to that of a gas turbine. It can burn most commonly available hydrocarbon fuels and features the high compression ratio (14:1) typical of a Diesel cycle. The engine is patented, US Patent 4336686 of 1982. The main feature of the Britalus engine is an enclosed barrel-shaped cylinder block carrying compressor and expander

title: Rotary engine

text: and the operating expense of their total-loss lubrication system, and by the mid-1920s, rotaries had been more or less completely displaced even in British service, largely by the new generation of air-cooled "stationary" radials such as the Armstrong Siddeley Jaguar and Bristol Jupiter. Experiments with the concept of the rotary engine continued. The first version of the 1921 Michel engine, an unusual opposed-piston cam engine, used the principle of a rotary engine, in that its "cylinder block" rotated. This was soon replaced by a version with the same cylinders and cam, but with stationary cylinders and the cam track rotating

title: General Motors Rotary Combustion Engine

text: planned to showcase the engine; The 1975 Vega-based Monza 2+2. On December 21, 1973 when GM paid another $10 million against its rotary licence fees, the company announced the first postponement. "Motor Trend" in April 1974 predicted the outcome: "If the GM rotary engine hasn't made a place for itself in the company's lineup by fall, and if by then it hasn't been locked into the '75 model range - somewhere - the odds will increase that it may never go into production." On September 24, 1974, Ed Cole postponed the Wankel engine, ostensibly due to emissions difficulties. He retired

title: Rotary valve

text: a F1 V10 engine. Bishop Innovations' patent for the rotary valve engine was bought out by BRV Pty Ltd, owned by Tony Wallis, one of the valves original designers. BRV has constructed several functional motors using the rotary valve technology, such as a Honda CRF 450, which had greater torque at both low(17% increase) and high (9% increase) engine speeds, and also produced more brake horsepower up to around 30% more at functional engine speeds. The engine was also considerably smaller and lighter, as the cylinder head assembly was not as large. A company in the UK called Roton Engine

title: General Motors Rotary Combustion Engine

text: General Motors Rotary Combustion Engine The General Motors Rotary Combustion Engine (GMRCE) is an internal combustion Wankel engine which uses a rotary design to convert pressure into a rotating motion instead of using reciprocating pistons. In November 1970, GM paid $50 million for initial licenses to produce their version of the Wankel rotary engine, and GM President Ed Cole initially projected its release in three years. Chevrolet, with impetus from Pete Estes and John DeLorean, as well as Ed Cole worked on the Wankel. Bob Templin was the chief executive in charge of rotary-engine research at the GM Tech Center

title: Rotary engine

text: to attempt their first hard right turns only at altitudes above . The Camel's most famous German foe, the Fokker Dr.I triplane, also used a rotary engine, usually the Oberursel Ur.II clone of the French-built Le Rhone 9J 110 hp powerplant. Even before the First World War, attempts were made to overcome the inertia problem of rotary engines. As early as 1906 Charles Benjamin Redrup had demonstrated to the Royal Flying Corps at Hendon a 'Reactionless' engine in which the crankshaft rotated in one direction and the cylinder block in the opposite direction, each one driving a propeller. A later

title: Britalus rotary engine

text: Britalus rotary engine The Britalus rotary engine was invented in 1982 by Kenneth W. Porter, P.E., M.S.A.E, of King County, Washington. It operates on a modified Brayton cycle, but with continuous pulsed combustion, similar to that of a gas turbine. It can burn most commonly available hydrocarbon fuels and features the high compression ratio (14:1) typical of a Diesel cycle. The engine is patented, US Patent 4336686 of 1982. The main feature of the Britalus engine is an enclosed barrel-shaped cylinder block carrying compressor and expander pistons and rotating within a compact three-lobed stationary housing. The pistons carry rollers that

title: General Motors Rotary Combustion Engine

text: the trochoid surface. The surface plating tended to crack and flake away around the exhaust port, blamed by GM engineers on sudden cooling after hard, hot running. "Motor Trend" magazine, in the July 1973 article "The '75 Vega Rotary" quoted: "GM saw the rotary engine's future as probably much greater than they do today...mileage will be in the range. Compared to the normal piston (engine) Vega's , the whole rotary deal begins to look just a little less attractive, with what the price of gasoline skyrocketing, but that's another matter." By November, 1973 the side-effect troubles were intense. No immediate

title: Rotary engine

text: It has been described as "a very efficient solution to the problems of power output, weight, and reliability". By the early 1920s, the inherent limitations of this type of engine had rendered it obsolete. A rotary engine is essentially a standard Otto cycle engine, with cylinders arranged radially around a central crankshaft just like a conventional radial engine, but instead of having a fixed cylinder block with rotating crankshaft as with a radial engine, the crankshaft remains stationary and the entire cylinder block rotates around it. In the most common form, the crankshaft was fixed solidly to the airframe, and

title: Rotary engine

text: power. Improvements in valve timing, ignition systems, and lightweight materials made these higher revs possible, and by the end of the war the average engine had increased from 1,200 rpm to 2,000. The rotary was not able to do the same due to the drag of the rotating cylinders through the air. For instance, if an early-war model of 1,200 rpm increased its revs to only 1,400, the drag on the cylinders increased 36%, as air drag increases with the square of velocity. At lower rpm, drag could simply be ignored, but as the rev count rose, the rotary was

title: Rotary engine

text: made engine fumes heavy with smoke from partially burnt oil. Castor oil was the lubricant of choice, as its lubrication properties were unaffected by the presence of the fuel, and its gum-forming tendency was irrelevant in a total-loss lubrication system. An unfortunate side-effect was that World War I pilots inhaled and swallowed a considerable amount of the oil during flight, leading to persistent diarrhoea. Flying clothing worn by rotary engine pilots was routinely soaked with oil. The rotating mass of the engine also made it, in effect, a large gyroscope. During level flight the effect was not especially apparent, but

title: Rotary engine

text: in lieu of a crankshaft. A later version abandoned the cam altogether and used three coupled crankshafts. By 1930 the Soviet helicopter pioneers, Boris N. Yuriev and Alexei M. Cheremukhin, both employed by "Tsentralniy Aerogidrodinamicheskiy Institut" (TsAGI, the Central Aerohydrodynamic Institute), constructed one of the first practical single-lift rotor machines with their TsAGI 1-EA single rotor helicopter, powered by two Soviet-designed and built M-2 rotary engines, themselves up-rated copies of the Gnome Monosoupape rotary engine of World War I. The TsAGI 1-EA set an unofficial altitude record of 605 meters (1,985 ft) with Cheremukhin piloting it on 14 August 1932

title: Rotary valve

text: the "National Engine Company Ltd" advertised its rotary valve engine for use in early aircraft, at a time when poppet valves were prone to failure by sticking or burning. From the 1930s, Frank Aspin developed a design with a rotary valve that rotated on the same axis as the cylinder bore, but with limited success. Kawasaki and others have also used rotary valves in two-stroke motorcycle engines, where the arrangement helps to prevent reverse flow back into the intake port during the compression stroke. Austrian engine manufacturer Rotax used rotary intake valves in their now out-of-production Rotax 532 two-stroke engine

title: General Motors Rotary Combustion Engine

text: in Warren, Michigan, but Ed Cole would leave his office in Detroit twice a week for the trip to Warren, taking charge of the program. The engine was initially targeted for an October 1973 introduction as a 1974 Chevrolet Vega option. Its mediocre fuel economy and the ill-timed Arab oil embargo were contributing factors to end the GM rotary program. "Popular Science" magazine in the May 1972 article "GM Rotary Engine for the 1974 Vega", an illustration of the Wankel installed in a 1974 Vega hatchback showed a different grille, a lower, more sloped hood line, and a "GM Rotary"

title: Krieger Company of Electric Vehicles

text: could do 21 miles an hour, or 12 to 15 miles over an average road. The Kriéger automobiles were the first to use regenerative electric brakes. In 1903 Kriéger produced the first hybrid electric vehicle (HEV); it had front wheel drive, power steering and a petrol engine that supplemented the battery pack. The Kriéger Company manufactured electric vehicles until 1909. There is some evidence that Louis Antoine Kriéger continuing to design and work with others afterwards, including the Electrolette name. List of French Cars Timeline of motor vehicle brands Krieger Company of Electric Vehicles In 1894 Louis Antoine Kriéger (1868–1951)

title: Rotary engine

text: the propeller was simply bolted to the front of the crankcase. This difference also has much impact on design (lubrication, ignition, fuel admission, cooling, etc.) and functioning (see below). The Musee de l'Air in Paris has on display a special, "sectioned" working model of an engine with seven "radially disposed" cylinders. It alternates between "rotary" and "radial" modes to demonstrate the difference between the internal motions of the two types of engine. Like "fixed" radial engines, rotaries were generally built with an odd number of cylinders (usually 5, 7 or 9), so that a consistent every-other-piston firing order could be

title: Rotary valve

text: run much higher compression ratios than even other rotary valve engines due to a significant but undisclosed new cooling method of the combustion chamber and the ability to eliminate the throttle completely, making it vastly more economical at lower engine speeds, so it is claimed. UK company "RCV Engines Ltd" uses rotating cylinder liner technology as a specialized form of rotary valve in some of their four-stroke model engine and small-engine line-up. RCV also use horizontal and vertical rotary valves in four-stroke engines in their current range of engines. RCV have developed a 125cc rotating cylinder liner engine, incorporating a

title: Rotary valve

text: design and continues to use rotary intake valves in the 532's successor, the current-production Rotax 582. US company "Coates International Ltd" has developed a spherical rotary valve for internal combustion engines which replaces the poppet valve system. This particular design is four-stroke, with the rotary valves operated by overhead shafts in lieu of overhead camshafts (i.e. in line with a bank of cylinders). The first sale of such an engine was part of a natural gas engine-generator. Rotary valves are potentially highly suitable for high-revving engines, such as those used in racing sportscars and F1 racing cars, on which traditional

title: General Motors Rotary Combustion Engine

text: badge and Wankel crest on the rear quarter panel. They stated the Vega-rotary would be sold as a package with performance items, including mag-styled wheels, radial tires, and rally stripes. The Wankel had so far proven more reliable than four, six, and eight-cylinder engines – GM-rotary engines were run up to showing only minimal wear, and the engine's fewer moving parts assured its reliability. The final design General Motors Rotary Combustion Engine (GMRCE) was fixed when responsibility for the power plant's manufacture was turned over to General Motors Hydra Matic Division in August 1972 – two rotors displacing , twin

title: Rotary engine

text: including the German Motorenfabrik Oberursel firm who designed the original Gnom engine. Oberursel was later purchased by Fokker, whose 80 hp Gnome Lambda copy was known as the Oberursel U.0. It was not at all uncommon for French Gnôme Lambdas, as used in the earliest examples of the Bristol Scout biplane, to meet German versions, powering Fokker E.I Eindeckers in combat, from the latter half of 1915 on. The only attempts to produce twin-row rotary engines in any volume were undertaken by Gnome, with their Double Lambda fourteen-cylinder 160 hp design, and with the German Oberursel firm's early World War

title: Rotary engine

text: reducing power, especially when landing, was often accomplished instead by intermittently cutting the ignition using the blip switch. Cutting cylinders using ignition switches had the drawback of letting fuel continue to pass through the engine, oiling up the spark plugs and making smooth restarting problematic. Also, the raw oil-fuel mix could collect in the cowling. As this could cause a serious fire when the switch was released, it became common practice for part or all of the bottom of the basically circular cowling on most rotary engines to be cut away, or fitted with drainage slots. By 1918 a Clerget

title: Rotary engine

text: cylinders already mixed with air - as in a normal four-stroke engine. Although a conventional carburetor, with the ability to keep the fuel/air ratio constant over a range of throttle openings, was precluded by the spinning crankcase; it was possible to adjust the air supply through a separate flap valve or "bloctube". The pilot needed to set the throttle to the desired setting (usually full open) and then adjust the fuel/air mixture to suit using a separate "fine adjustment" lever that controlled the air supply valve (in the manner of a manual choke control). Due to the rotary engine's large

title: Krieger Company of Electric Vehicles

text: Krieger Company of Electric Vehicles In 1894 Louis Antoine Kriéger (1868–1951) of Paris, France began designing and building electric automobiles. By 1898 when electric powered vehicle interest increased in France, Kriéger organized the Kriéger Company of Electric Vehicles (Societe des Voitures Electriques Systeme Kriéger). The Brougham, The Landaulet and The Electrolette were three of the models produced. In 1901 43 electric vehicles were produced. In 1902 at least 65 were produced. Kriéger produced or assisted in several racing vehicles including one called 'Powerful' in 1900. The Electrolette was a two-person vehicle. Next to either front wheel was an electric motor

title: Rotary Rocket

text: Rotary Rocket Rotary Rocket Company was a rocketry company that developed the Roton concept in the late 1990s as a fully reusable single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) manned spacecraft. The design was initially conceived by Gary Hudson, who formed the company to commercialize the concept. The Roton was intended to reduce costs of launching payloads into low earth orbit by a factor of ten. The company gathered considerable venture capital from angel investors and opened a factory headquartered in a facility at Mojave Air and Space Port in Mojave, California. The fuselage for their vehicles was made by Scaled Composites, at the same

title: Axial engine

text: Walsh flew an aircraft powered by a Macomber engine in May 1911, the "Walsh Silver Dart". In 1913 Statax-Motor of Zürich, Switzerland introduced a swashplate engine design. Only a single prototype was produced, which is currently held in the Science Museum, London. In 1914 the company moved to London to become the Statax Engine Company and planned on introducing a series of rotary engines; a 3-cylinder of 10 hp, a 5-cylinder of 40 hp, a 7-cylinder of 80 hp, and a 10-cylinder of 100 hp. It appears only the 40 hp design was ever produced, which was installed in a

title: Corliss steam engine

text: partners and was the sole owner of the company. In 1900 the Corliss Steam Engine Company was purchased by the International Power Company. In 1905 it was purchased by the American and British Manufacturing Company. In 1925 the company merged into Franklin Machine Company. By then Franklin Machine Company was already owned by the William A. Harris Steam Engine Company. By 1859, all of the key features of what we now know as the Corliss engine were in place. Patents granted to Corliss and others incorporated rotary valves and crank shafts in-line with the cylinders. See, for example, Corliss' U.S.

title: Hercules Gas Engine Company

text: Engine Company, a builder of larger engines from 1915-1999. Hercules Gas Engine Company The Hercules Gas engine company was a United States-based company which first produced buggies. It later was one of the top producers of gasoline engines, including to power cement mixers. The company was founded in 1902, in Cincinnati, Ohio. Before the company ceased operations in 1934 during the Great Depression, it was one of the top producers of gas engines. Hercules produced engines to power cement mixers of the Jaeger Machine Company of Columbus, Ohio. Gas engines manufactured by the Hercules Engine Company were branded with the

title: Wankel engine

text: AMC to reconfigure the Pacer to house its venerable AMC straight-6 engine driving the rear-wheels. In 1974, the Soviet Union created a special engine design bureau, which, in 1978, designed an engine designated as "VAZ-311". In 1980, the company commenced delivery of the VAZ-411 twin-rotor Wankel engine in VAZ-2106s and Lada cars, with about 200 being manufactured. Most of the production went to the security services. The next models were the VAZ-4132 and VAZ-415. A rotary version of the Samara was sold to Russian public from 1997. Aviadvigatel, the Soviet aircraft engine design bureau, is known to have produced Wankel

title: Cummins B Series engine

text: to be used in a light truck vehicle. The 6BT used Robert Bosch GmbH fuel systems, injector, and VE rotary pump and P7100 inline injection pumps. Some early 6BTs were supplied with CAV rotary pumps instead, before the Bosch system became the sole standard. This engine started life in 1984 designed as an agricultural engine, for use in Case agricultural equipment. After 1989, the 6BT engine was used in light duty, medium duty and select heavy duty trucks and buses. The 6bt engine has recently become very popular for use in repowering various vehicles, in the uk they have proven

title: Hercules Gas Engine Company

text: Hercules Gas Engine Company The Hercules Gas engine company was a United States-based company which first produced buggies. It later was one of the top producers of gasoline engines, including to power cement mixers. The company was founded in 1902, in Cincinnati, Ohio. Before the company ceased operations in 1934 during the Great Depression, it was one of the top producers of gas engines. Hercules produced engines to power cement mixers of the Jaeger Machine Company of Columbus, Ohio. Gas engines manufactured by the Hercules Engine Company were branded with the name "Jaeger". Note: not the same company as Hercules

title: Rotary valve

text: rotating valve in the cylinder liner, for scooter applications. PGO Scooters of Taiwan were working with RCV in developing the engine for their applications. The Suzuki RG500 "Gamma" was powered by a two-stroke, rotary valve, twin crank, square four engine displacing 498 cubic centimeters. The power output was 93.7 brake horsepower (69.9 kW) at 9,500 RPM. Rotary valves are used for loading samples on columns used for liquid or gas chromatography. The valves used in these methods are usually 6-port, 2-position rotary valves. Rotary valve A rotary valve is a type of valve in which the rotation of a passage

title: Rotary Watches

text: it is a wholly owned Chinese company. Rotary offers a range of timepieces manufactured in Switzerland, together with a range of less expensive pieces made elsewhere, usually with movements from Japan or China which are then assembled in Japan or China. Rotary watches typically use either a quartz or automatic movement, and often feature what Rotary refer to as the "Dolphin Standard" (equivalent to at least ISO 2281), meaning they are water resistant and may be suitable for all-day swimming and diving. Unique to Rotary is the "Revelation" design of reversible watch, which features two distinct movements and faces, allowing

title: Axial engine

text: twenty-four combustion chambers) engines, even with a finite working life, have obvious application for small unmanned aircraft. (Such a design having allegedly been tested at NAVAIR PSEF in 2003.) In 1911 the Macomber Rotary Engine Company of Los Angeles marketed one of the first axial internal-combustion engines, manufactured by the Avis Engine Company of Allston, Massachusetts. A four-stroke, air-cooled unit, it had seven cylinders and a variable compression ratio, altered by changing the wobble-plate angle and hence the length of piston stroke. It was called a "rotary engine", because the entire engine rotated apart from the end casings. Ignition was

title: Rotary valve

text: poppet valves with springs can fail due to valve float and spring resonance and where the desmodromic valve gear is too heavy, large in size and too complex to time and design properly. Rotary valves could allow for a more compact and lightweight cylinder head design. They rotate at half engine speed and lack the inertia forces of reciprocating valve mechanisms. This allows for higher engine speeds, offering approximately perhaps 10% more power. The 1980s MGN W12 F1 engine used rotary valves but never raced. Between 2002 and 2004 the Australian developer "Bishop Innovation" and Mercedes-Ilmor tested rotary valves for

title: Rotary valve

text: to dose and feed solid bulk products within the processes. Airlock type rotary valve is often used to enter or extract material from two chambers with different pressure level. The rotary valve combustion engine possesses several significant advantages over the conventional assemblies, including significantly higher compression ratios and rpm, meaning more power, a much more compact and light-weight cylinder head, and reduced complexity, meaning higher reliability and lower cost. As inlet and exhaust are usually combined special attention should be given to valve cooling to avoid engine knocking. Rotary valves have been used in several different engine designs. In Britain,

title: Hercules Engine Company

text: Hercules Engine Company Hercules Engine Corporation was an American engine manufacturer located in Canton, Ohio. The company was founded in 1915, known at first as Hercules Motor Manufacturing Company, to build industrial engines, especially for trucks . The company reincorporated and reorganized in 1923, emerging as Hercules Motors Corporation. Hercules expanded greatly in the interwar period, developing gas and diesel engines, serving the needs for truck, tractor and a plethora of equipment operators. Therefore when World War II came Hercules was ready to help the Allied effort in a major way. During World War II the company produced about 750,000

title: Barry Engine

text: the motorcycle dispensed with the pedals and the engine was lowered to improve the centre of gravity. No known models of the engine exist but a similar Redrup 1912 rotary aircraft engine is in the Manchester Museum of Science and Industry and later Redrup Radial engines designed and built by Redrup are still in existence. Barry Engine The Barry Engine first appeared in 1904 when it was exhibited at the Stanley Exhibition in London's Burners Hall. Designed by Charles Benjamin Redrup and manufactured in partnership with Alban Williams by the Barry Motor Company, the engine was a two-cylinder supercharged rotary

title: Continental Motors Company

text: mileage. V type: in the early 1950s an air cooled V12 engine was introduced for armored vehicles. Later the AVSI-1790 was developed into the AVDS-1790 diesel version, which was often retro-fitted to earlier vehicles. Continental Motors Company Continental Motors Company was an American manufacturer of internal combustion engines. The company produced engines as a supplier to many independent manufacturers of automobiles, tractors, trucks, and stationary equipment (such as pumps, generators, and industrial machinery drives) from the 1900s through the 1960s. Continental Motors also produced automobiles in 1932–1933 under the name Continental Automobile Company. The Continental Aircraft Engine Company was formed

title: Radial engine

text: design, particularly in regard to the amount of fuel and air that could be drawn into the cylinders through the hollow crankshaft, while advances in both metallurgy and cylinder cooling finally allowed stationary radial engines to supersede rotary engines. In the early 1920s Le Rhône converted a number of their rotary engines into stationary radial engines. By 1918 the potential advantages of air-cooled radials over the water-cooled inline engine and air-cooled rotary engine that had powered World War I aircraft were appreciated but were unrealized. British designers had produced the ABC Dragonfly radial in 1917, but were unable to resolve

title: Rotary engine

text: also produced a two-row version (the 100 h.p. Double Omega), the larger 80 hp Gnome Lambda and the 160 hp two-row Double Lambda. By the standards of other engines of the period, the Gnome was considered not particularly temperamental, and was credited as the first engine able to run for ten hours between overhauls. In 1913 the Seguin brothers introduced the new Monosoupape ("single valve") series, which replaced inlet valves in the pistons by using a single valve in each cylinder head, which doubled as inlet and exhaust valve. The engine speed was controlled by varying the opening time and

title: Mitsubishi 8A8 engine

text: Mitsubishi 8A8 engine The Mitsubishi 8A8 engine is a range of V8 powerplants produced by Mitsubishi Motors since 1999. The only variant to date is the "8A80", a 4.5 L with double overhead camshafts and gasoline direct injection (GDI) technology. Financial pressures forced the company to discontinue sales of the Proudia and Dignity, the only vehicles in its range to which it was fitted, after only fifteen months. However, the two vehicles were developed in partnership with the Hyundai Motor Company of South Korea, with whom Mitsubishi has had a longstanding relationship. While Mitsubishi makes the cylinder heads and other

title: Helecs Vehicles

text: Transmutor control equipment, worth £100,000, to an American company at about the same time. Helecs Vehicles Ltd showed one of their "Helpmate" vehicles, which was fitted with the Elexmatic Pack, at the 1955 Dairy Show. They also announced that they had produced a new type of electrically operated clutch, and there was some speculation that they were developing a delivery vehicle powered by an internal combustion engine. Less clear is their involvement in another project. TH Lewis of London built Lewis Electruk milk floats for Express Dairies, but in 1955, the demand for "Rider Pram" models exceeded the production capacity.

title: Armington & Sims Engine Company

text: Armington & Sims Engine Company Armington & Sims Engine Company was a manufacturer of steam engines located in Providence, Rhode Island. It was established in 1881 by Pardon Armington and Gardner C. Sims. The factory was located at the corner of High Street near Knight in Providence. The company produced an innovative line of high-speed stationary steam engines designed to be more compact, simpler and less expensive than other engines of its day. This included a single-disk engine ranging from seventy to seven hundred horsepower and a double-disk engine ranging from ten to one hundred and fifty horsepower. By 1886,

title: Allison Engine Company

text: to build an engine that relied on what was learned from building and modifying the venerable Liberty engine. Allison's company was sold to Captain Eddie Rickenbacker in 1927 for $700,000 after Allison moved to Florida. In 1929, shortly after the death of James Allison, the company was purchased by the Fisher brothers. The Fishers sold the company to General Motors, who owned it for most of its history. The company was acquired by Rolls-Royce plc in 1995 to become a subsidiary, Rolls-Royce Corporation. In the late 1920s the United States Army funded the development of a series of high-power engines,

title: Gyro Motor Company

text: Gyro Motor Company Gyro Motor Company was an American aircraft engine manufacturer. The Gyro motor company was formed in 1909 by Emile Berliner to pursue production of rotary engines. His designs were improvements of the Addams-Farwell rotary engine Berliner used in early helicopter experiments. The engines at the time of his 1901 experiments were 20 lbs per hp. Addams-Farwell built a custom engine that weighed 3-4 lb per hp. Berliner donated the engine to the National Air and Space Museum, and pursued his own advanced version. He built a small factory on 774 Girard Street in Washington D.C. next to

title: Yorkshire Engine Company

text: being used for storage of locomotives and rolling stock, both for preservation groups and commercial organisations. Yorkshire Engine Company The Yorkshire Engine Company (YEC) was a small independent locomotive manufacturer in Sheffield, England. The company was formed in 1865 and produced locomotives and carried out general engineering work until 1965. They mainly built shunting engines for the British market, but also built main line engines for overseas customers. Steam locomotives were built from 1865 to 1956 and diesel locomotives from 1950 to 1965. The idea of a locomotive builder based near Sheffield was first suggested in 1864 by W. G.

title: Yorkshire Engine Company

text: Yorkshire Engine Company The Yorkshire Engine Company (YEC) was a small independent locomotive manufacturer in Sheffield, England. The company was formed in 1865 and produced locomotives and carried out general engineering work until 1965. They mainly built shunting engines for the British market, but also built main line engines for overseas customers. Steam locomotives were built from 1865 to 1956 and diesel locomotives from 1950 to 1965. The idea of a locomotive builder based near Sheffield was first suggested in 1864 by W. G. Eden, who later became the fourth Baron Auckland. At the time, Eden was Chairman of the

title: Wankel engine

text: a significantly lower pumping loss compared to a four-stroke reciprocating piston engine. Measuring a Wankel rotary engine in this way more accurately explains its specific output, because the volume of its air fuel mixture put through a complete power stroke per revolution is directly responsible for torque, and thus the power produced. The trailing side of the rotary engine's combustion chamber develops a squeeze stream which pushes back the flame front. With the conventional one or two-spark-plug system and homogenous mixture, this squeeze stream prevents the flame from propagating to the combustion chamber's trailing side in the mid and high

title: Cleveland Diesel Engine Division

text: use today on older tugs. Cleveland Diesel traces it roots to the Winton Gas Engine and Manufacturing Company which was formed by Alexander Winton an early Cleveland automobile designer in November 1912 to produce marine engines in Cleveland, Ohio. Winton chose a diesel engine design from Europe and produced the first American diesel in 1913. Renamed the Winton Engine Works in 1916 it would manufacture marine diesel engines and spark-ignition engines for heavy vehicles. It was renamed again as the Winton Engine Company. During the 1920s, Winton became the main supplier of engines for self-propelled railcars. George W. Codrington replaced

title: Mitsubishi KE engine

text: Mitsubishi KE engine The Mitsubishi KE engine is a range of engines produced by Mitsubishi Motors during the 1960s and early 1970s. They were extensively used in the various Colt-branded vehicles the company produced from 1963. The engines were overhead valve iron-blocks, for gasoline and diesel use. The first digit after the "KE" denotes the number of cylinders, straight-4s becoming KE4 and six-cylinder versions such as the single overhead camshaft 2.0 L straight-6 which was developed in 1964 for the new Mitsubishi Debonair flagship sedan, receiving the KE6 prefix. The last digit is simply a serial, denoting which number engine

title: Ford GAA engine

text: Ford GAA engine The Ford GAA engine is an American all-aluminum 32-valve DOHC 60-degree V8 engine engineered and produced by the Ford Motor Company just before, and during, World War II. It featured twin Stromberg NA-Y5-G carburetors, dual magnetos and twin spark plugs making up a full dual ignition system, and crossflow induction. It displaces and puts out well over of torque from idle to 2,200 rpm. The factory-rated output was at 2,600 rpm. The GAA was one of the largest displacement mass-produced gasoline V8 engines used in land vehicles. It powered several models and derivatives of the M4A3 medium

title: Rotary Rocket

text: back and returning for a soft landing. At this point, given that further funding was then unlikely, safety considerations prevented the test being attempted. Rotary Rocket failed due to lack of funding, but some have suggested that the design itself was inherently flawed. The Rotary Rocket did fly three test flights and a composite propellant tank survived a full test program, however these tests revealed problems. For instance, the ATV demonstrated that landing the Rotary Rocket was tricky, even dangerous. Test pilots have a rating system, the Cooper-Harper rating scale, for vehicles between 1 and 10 that relates to difficulty

title: Mound Road Engine

text: old employee parking lots, are now used to store vehicles that were manufactured at Warren Truck Assembly before shipping them to dealerships. Mount Elliott Tool and Die, another Chrysler facility, is located directly behind what used to be the Mound Road Engine plant. The facility was located at 20300 Mound Road, Detroit, Michigan. Mound Road Engine Mound Road Engine was a Chrysler Corporation automobile engine factory in Detroit, Michigan. Chrysler purchased the Mound Road Engine Plant from the Briggs Manufacturing Company in 1953. The plant was closed by DaimlerChrysler in 2002, with production shifting to the Mack Avenue Engine Complex.

title: Chrysler LA engine

text: their engine the "Magnum", a marketing term that had been used by the company previously to describe both the Dodge Magnum automobile and an earlier Dodge passenger car (only) engine series; the latter was based on the big-block B/RB V8 engines of the 1960s-70s. The Chrysler Magnum engines are a series of V6, V8, and V10 powerplants used in a number of Chrysler Corporation motor vehicles, as well as in marine and industrial applications. This family of gasoline-burning engines lasted for over a decade, were installed in vehicles sold across the globe, and were produced in the millions. The Magnum

title: Jeep Tornado engine

text: From 1976 to 1982 they were the only non-Renault–designed cars and engines built by the French company. The Jeep Tornado engine was used in the following vehicles: Jeep Tornado engine The Jeep Tornado engine was the first post-World War II U.S.-designed mass-produced overhead cam (OHC) automobile engine. The straight-six was introduced in mid-year 1962, and replaced the flathead 6-226 Willys Super Hurricane that was in use since 1954. The Tornado engine was also manufactured in Argentina by Industrias Kaiser Argentina (IKA) from 1965 to 1973. The development of a new engine for Kaiser Jeep for an entirely new vehicle began

title: Stirling engine

text: have been produced, such as the Quasiturbine engine. A hybrid between piston and rotary configuration is a double acting engine. This design rotates the displacers on either side of the power piston. In addition to giving great design variability in the heat transfer area, this layout eliminates all but one external seal on the output shaft and one internal seal on the piston. Also, both sides can be highly pressurized as they balance against each other. Another alternative is the Fluidyne engine (Fluidyne heat pump), which uses hydraulic pistons to implement the Stirling cycle. The work produced by a Fluidyne

title: Rotary actuator

text: power, rotary actuators have even been made to work from vacuum power. The only common instance of these was for early automatic windscreen wipers on cars up until around 1960. These used the manifold vacuum of a petrol engine to work a quarter-turn oscillating vane actuator. Such windscreen wipers worked adequately when the engine was running under light load, but they were notorious that when working hard at top speed or climbing a hill, the manifold vacuum was reduced and the wipers slowed to a crawl. Rotary actuators are used in a vast range of applications. These require actuators of

title: Compressed air car

text: applications". In February 2017 Dr. Tim Leverton, president and head at Advanced and Product Engineering at Tata revealed was at a point of "starting industrialisation" with the first vehicles to be available by 2020. Other reports indicate Tata is also looking at reviving plans for a compressed air version of the Tata Nano, which had previously been under consideration as part of their collaboration with MDI. Engineair is an Australian company which has produced prototypes of a variety of prototype small vehicles using an innovative rotary air engine designed by Angelo Di Pietro. The company is seeking commercial partners to

title: Otto engine

text: fluted column design which was the design of Eugen Langen. The atmospheric engine has its power stroke delivered upward using a rack and pinion to convert the piston's linear motion to rotary motion. The expansion ratio of this engine was much more effective than that of the 1860 Lenoir engine and gave the engine its superior efficiency. The Lenoir engine was an engine that burned fuel without first trying to compress the fuel/mixture. The Otto/Langen atmospheric engine ran at 12% efficiency and produced at 80 RPM. In competition at the 1867 World's Fair in Paris, it easily bested the efficiency

title: Rotary converter

text: to power the remaining DC equipment from the AC supply. The self-balancing dynamo is of similar construction to the single- and two-phase rotary converter. It was commonly used to create a completely balanced three-wire 120/240-volt DC electrical supply. The AC extracted from the slip rings was fed into a transformer with a single center-tapped winding. The center-tapped winding forms the DC neutral wire. It needed to be driven by a mechanical power source, such as a steam engine, diesel engine, or electric motor. It could be considered a rotary converter used as a double current generator; the AC current was

title: Transverse engine

text: Transverse engine A transverse engine is an engine mounted in a vehicle so that the engine's crankshaft axis is perpendicular to the direction of travel. Many modern front wheel drive vehicles use this engine mounting configuration. (Most rear wheel drive vehicles use a longitudinal engine configuration, where the engine's crankshaft axis is parallel with the direction of travel, except for some rear-mid engine vehicles, which use a transverse engine and transaxle mounted in the rear instead of the front.) The Critchley light car, made by the Daimler Motor Company in 1899, had a transverse engine with belt drive to the

title: Gyro Motor Company

text: Gnome Monosoupape that would power many World War I fighters. In June 1914, Berliner's nephew, Joseph Sanders became the general manager. He purchased the assets in May 1917, forming the Gyro Company. Gyro motor production did not continue past World War I, when a flood of advanced designs were introduced to the market. Gyro Motor Company Gyro Motor Company was an American aircraft engine manufacturer. The Gyro motor company was formed in 1909 by Emile Berliner to pursue production of rotary engines. His designs were improvements of the Addams-Farwell rotary engine Berliner used in early helicopter experiments. The engines at

title: Sintz Gas Engine Company

text: Pump Company into Dayton-Dick Company. Dayton-Dick became Dayton-Dowd in 1919 and ceased making tractors in 1924. The pump manufacturing business continued until 1945 when it was acquired by the Peerless Pump Company. Peerless is now owned by Grundfos. From 1899 to 1903 the Sintz company produced cars of numerous styles. It also produced rail cars and light trams. All were powered by an own-make two-stroke engine. In about 1890 O J Mulford, W A Punge, and a Mr Seymour formed the Michigan Yacht and Power Company in Detroit. They made small power boats and were distributors of the Sintz marine

title: Small engine

text: Small engine A small engine is the general term for a wide range of small-displacement, low-powered internal combustion engines used to power lawn mowers, generators, concrete mixers and many other machines that require independent power sources. Most small engines are single-cylinder, with a few V-twin units. Although much less common, there have been small Wankel (rotary) engines manufactured for use on lawn mowers and other such equipment. Small engines are also used for wide ranges of low-displacement motor vehicles, mainly motorcycles, scooters, ATVs, and go-karts. The engines, which may be of two or four-stroke design, are small in both physical

title: Ford Model T engine

text: while cranking the engine slowly; then the engine was started with a rapid pull of the crank handle. In good tune, an already-primed T engine only has to be cranked half a turn for it to successfully start. The T's planetary transmission is famous for its differences from what later became the norm for car transmission operation. The 3 foot pedals are not used in the way later cars use their pedals. Operation is not difficult but requires "unlearning" habits used with later vehicles. The following major changes were made (listed by year): The T engine was produced continuously from

title: Engine Company 15 Fire Station

text: elements of what originally served as a hay loft. Behind the equipment bays on the ground floor is a kitchen space that is built into what were originally horse stalls. The basement includes an area formerly used for hose drying. Engine Company 15 was organized in 1909, and this was its first station. It was designed by the Hartford firm of Zunner and Sellew. It has lost a number of its exterior architectural features, particularly around the equipment bay openings, which have been enlarged, and the roof, which used to have a more elaborate cornice. Engine Company 15 Fire Station

title: Diana Motors Company

text: Diana Motors Company The Diana Motors Company was an early United States automobile manufacturing company. The company produced automobiles from 1925 to 1928. The St. Louis based company was a subsidiary of the Moon Motor Car company. The company did not source its own components, rather, it produced "assembled" cars out of third party components. As of 2011, there were 12 known remaining vehicles produced by the company. The Diana featured a Continental straight-8 engine and was primarily marketed to women. The car was billed as, "The easiest steering car in America". Prices for the 1925 model started at $1,895.