query: What is the most common kind of skin cancer in the U.S.?

title: Skin cancer

text: and more than 90% in the United States surviving more than 5 years. Skin cancer is the most common form of cancer, globally accounting for at least 40% of cases. The most common type is nonmelanoma skin cancer, which occurs in at least 2-3 million people per year. This is a rough estimate, however, as good statistics are not kept. Of nonmelanoma skin cancers, about 80% are basal-cell cancers and 20% squamous-cell skin cancers. Basal-cell and squamous-cell skin cancers rarely result in death. In the United States they were the cause of less than 0.1% of all cancer deaths. Globally

title: Skin cancer

text: 95 percent for recurrent basal cell carcinoma. Australia and New Zealand exhibit one of the highest rates of skin cancer incidence in the world, almost four times the rates registered in the United States, the UK and Canada. Around 434,000 people receive treatment for non-melanoma skin cancers and 10,300 are treated for melanoma. Melanoma is the most common type of cancer in people between 15–44 years in both countries. The incidence of skin cancer has been increasing. The incidence of melanoma among Auckland residents of European descent in 1995 was 77.7 cases per 100,000 people per year, and was predicted

title: Skin cancer

text: Skin cancer Skin cancers are cancers that arise from the skin. They are due to the development of abnormal cells that have the ability to invade or spread to other parts of the body. There are three main types of skin cancers: basal-cell skin cancer (BCC), squamous-cell skin cancer (SCC) and melanoma. The first two, along with a number of less common skin cancers, are known as nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC). Basal-cell cancer grows slowly and can damage the tissue around it but is unlikely to spread to distant areas or result in death. It often appears as a painless

title: Skin cancer

text: had spread; and people with immune system disorders. Skin cancer Skin cancers are cancers that arise from the skin. They are due to the development of abnormal cells that have the ability to invade or spread to other parts of the body. There are three main types of skin cancers: basal-cell skin cancer (BCC), squamous-cell skin cancer (SCC) and melanoma. The first two, along with a number of less common skin cancers, are known as nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC). Basal-cell cancer grows slowly and can damage the tissue around it but is unlikely to spread to distant areas or result

title: Skin cancer

text: in 2012 melanoma occurred in 232,000 people, and resulted in 55,000 deaths. White people in Australia, New Zealand and South Africa have the highest rates of melanoma in the world. The three main types of skin cancer have become more common in the last 20 to 40 years, especially in those areas which are mostly Caucasian. There are three main types of skin cancer: basal-cell skin cancer (basal-cell carcinoma) (BCC), squamous-cell skin cancer (squamous-cell carcinoma) (SCC) and malignant melanoma. Basal-cell carcinomas are present on sun-exposed areas of the skin, especially the face. They rarely metastasize and rarely cause death. They

title: Skin cancer

text: are easily treated with surgery or radiation. Squamous-cell skin cancer are common, but much less common than basal-cell cancers. They metastasize more frequently than BCCs. Even then, the metastasis rate is quite low, with the exception of SCC of the lip, ear, and in people who are immunosuppressed. Melanoma are the least frequent of the 3 common skin cancers. They frequently metastasize, and could potentially cause death once they spread. Less common skin cancers include: dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, Merkel cell carcinoma, Kaposi's sarcoma, keratoacanthoma, spindle cell tumors, sebaceous carcinomas, microcystic adnexal carcinoma, Paget's disease of the breast, atypical fibroxanthoma, leiomyosarcoma, and

title: Skin cancer

text: lives. The most common form of skin cancer is basal-cell carcinoma, followed by squamous cell carcinoma. Unlike for other cancers, there exists no basal and squamous cell skin cancers registry in the United States. In the US in 2008, 59,695 people were diagnosed with melanoma, and 8,623 people died from it. In Australia more than 12,500 new cases of melanoma are reported each year, out of which more than 1,500 die from the disease. Australia has the highest per capita incidence of melanoma in the world. Although the rates of many cancers in the United States is falling, the incidence

title: Squamous cell skin cancer

text: case of cSCC people are at high risk of developing further cases. SCC of the skin begins as a small nodule and as it enlarges the center becomes necrotic and sloughs and the nodule turns into an ulcer. Squamous cell carcinoma is the second-most common cancer of the skin (after basal-cell carcinoma but more common than melanoma). It usually occurs in areas exposed to the sun. Sunlight exposure and immunosuppression are risk factors for SCC of the skin, with chronic sun exposure being the strongest environmental risk factor. There is a risk of metastasis starting more than 10 years after

title: Skin cancer

text: three main types of skin cancer. Exposure has increased partly due to a thinner ozone layer. Tanning beds are becoming another common source of ultraviolet radiation. For melanomas and basal-cell cancers exposure during childhood is particularly harmful. For squamous-cell skin cancers total exposure, irrespective of when it occurs, is more important. Between 20% and 30% of melanomas develop from moles. People with light skin are at higher risk as are those with poor immune function such as from medications or HIV/AIDS. Diagnosis is by biopsy. Decreasing exposure to ultraviolet radiation and the use of sunscreen appear to be effective methods

title: Squamous cell skin cancer

text: system function, previous basal cell carcinoma, and HPV infection. Risk from UV radiation is related to total exposure, rather than early exposure. Tanning beds are becoming another common source of ultraviolet radiation. It begins from squamous cells found within the skin. Diagnosis is often based on skin examination and confirmed by tissue biopsy. Decreasing exposure to ultraviolet radiation and the use of sunscreen appear to be effective methods of preventing squamous-cell skin cancer. Treatment is typically by surgical removal. This can be by simple excision if the cancer is small otherwise Mohs surgery is generally recommended. Other options may include

title: Squamous cell skin cancer

text: Squamous cell skin cancer Squamous-cell skin cancer, also known as cutaneous squamous-cell carcinoma (cSCC), is one of the main types of skin cancer along with basal cell cancer, and melanoma. It usually presents as a hard lump with a scaly top but can also form an ulcer. Onset is often over months. Squamous-cell skin cancer is more likely to spread to distant areas than basal cell cancer. The greatest risk factor is high total exposure to ultraviolet radiation from the Sun. Other risks include prior scars, chronic wounds, actinic keratosis, lighter skin, Bowen's disease, arsenic exposure, radiation therapy, poor immune

title: Skin cancer

text: and that the combination of other ingredients tends to retain the compounds on the surface of the skin. They also add the frequent re-application reduces the risk of radical formation. There are a variety of different skin cancer symptoms. These include changes in the skin that do not heal, ulcering in the skin, discolored skin, and changes in existing moles, such as jagged edges to the mole and enlargement of the mole. Basal-cell skin cancer (BCC) usually presents as a raised, smooth, pearly bump on the sun-exposed skin of the head, neck or shoulders. Sometimes small blood vessels (called telangiectasia)

title: Skin cancer in Australia

text: or unaware of the risks caused by inefficient sun protection and skin care. Skin cancer has three main forms: basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and melanoma. The first two are the most prevalent forms. Although generally non-melanoma carcinomas have lower associations with mortality than melanomas, fatalities occur, with 534 reported deaths in 2011. 434,000 Australians in 2008 underwent treatment for non-melanoma carcinomas. Melanomas have the highest correlation with mortality, killing 1,544 in 2011. Australia shares with New Zealand, the highest diagnosis of melanoma throughout the world and also has the highest diagnosis of non-melanoma carcinomas. In 2011, New Zealand

title: Skin cancer

text: of preventing melanoma and squamous-cell skin cancer. It is not clear if sunscreen affects the risk of basal-cell cancer. Nonmelanoma skin cancer is usually curable. Treatment is generally by surgical removal but may less commonly involve radiation therapy or topical medications such as fluorouracil. Treatment of melanoma may involve some combination of surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and targeted therapy. In those people whose disease has spread to other areas of their bodies, palliative care may be used to improve quality of life. Melanoma has one of the higher survival rates among cancers, with over 86% of people in the UK

title: Skin cancer

text: to prevent melanoma and squamous-cell carcinoma. There is little evidence that it is effective in preventing basal-cell carcinoma. Other advice to reduce rates of skin cancer includes avoiding sunburning, wearing protective clothing, sunglasses and hats, and attempting to avoid sun exposure or periods of peak exposure. The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommends that people between 9 and 25 years of age be advised to avoid ultraviolet light. The risk of developing skin cancer can be reduced through a number of measures including decreasing indoor tanning and mid day sun exposure, increasing the use of sunscreen, and avoiding the use

title: Skin cancer

text: rate of appearance of basal cell carcinomas in people with xeroderma pigmentosum, and that acitretin taken by mouth may have a skin protective benefit in people following kidney transplant. Treatment is dependent on the specific type of cancer, location of the cancer, age of the person, and whether the cancer is primary or a recurrence. For a small basal-cell cancer in a young person, the treatment with the best cure rate (Mohs surgery or CCPDMA) might be indicated. In the case of an elderly frail man with multiple complicating medical problems, a difficult to excise basal-cell cancer of the nose

title: Skin cancer

text: photodynamic therapy, topical chemotherapy, electrodesiccation and curettage can be found in the discussions of basal-cell carcinoma and squamous-cell carcinoma. Mohs' micrographic surgery (Mohs surgery) is a technique used to remove the cancer with the least amount of surrounding tissue and the edges are checked immediately to see if tumor is found. This provides the opportunity to remove the least amount of tissue and provide the best cosmetically favorable results. This is especially important for areas where excess skin is limited, such as the face. Cure rates are equivalent to wide excision. Special training is required to perform this technique. An

title: Skin cancer in horses

text: Skin cancer in horses Skin cancer, or neoplasia, is the most common type of cancer diagnosed in horses, accounting for 45 to 80% of all cancers diagnosed. Sarcoids are the most common type of skin neoplasm and are the most common type of cancer overall in horses. Squamous-cell carcinoma is the second-most prevalent skin cancer, followed by melanoma. Squamous-cell carcinoma and melanoma usually occur in horses greater than 9-years-old, while sarcoids commonly affect horses 3 to 6 years old. Surgical biopsy is the method of choice for diagnosis of most equine skin cancers, but is contraindicated for cases of sarcoids.

title: Skin cancer in horses

text: can affect horses of all ages, it typically occurs in horses aged 4–11 years. Skin cancer in horses Skin cancer, or neoplasia, is the most common type of cancer diagnosed in horses, accounting for 45 to 80% of all cancers diagnosed. Sarcoids are the most common type of skin neoplasm and are the most common type of cancer overall in horses. Squamous-cell carcinoma is the second-most prevalent skin cancer, followed by melanoma. Squamous-cell carcinoma and melanoma usually occur in horses greater than 9-years-old, while sarcoids commonly affect horses 3 to 6 years old. Surgical biopsy is the method of choice

title: Skin cancer in horses

text: treatment, making euthanasia justifiable in some instances. Sarcoids may be the most common skin-related reason for euthanasia. Squamous-cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most common cancer of the eye, periorbital area and penis, and it is the second most common cancer overall in horses, accounting for 12 to 20% of all cancers diagnosed. While SCC has been reported in horses aged 1 to 29-years, most cases occur in 8 to 15-year-old horses, making it the most common neoplasm reported in older horses. Carcinomas are tumors derived from epithelial cells and SCC results from transformation and proliferation of squames, epidermal skin cells

title: Skin cancer

text: can be seen within the tumor. Crusting and bleeding in the center of the tumor frequently develops. It is often mistaken for a sore that does not heal. This form of skin cancer is the least deadly and with proper treatment can be completely eliminated, often without scarring. Squamous-cell skin cancer (SCC) is commonly a red, scaling, thickened patch on sun-exposed skin. Some are firm hard nodules and dome shaped like keratoacanthomas. Ulceration and bleeding may occur. When SCC is not treated, it may develop into a large mass. Squamous-cell is the second most common skin cancer. It is dangerous,

title: Skin cancer

text: to increase in the 21st century because of "the effect of local stratospheric ozone depletion and the time lag from sun exposure to melanoma development." Skin cancers result in 80,000 deaths a year as of 2010, 49,000 of which are due to melanoma and 31,000 of which are due to non-melanoma skin cancers. This is up from 51,000 in 1990. More than 3.5 million cases of skin cancer are diagnosed annually in the United States, which makes it the most common form of cancer in that country. One in five Americans will develop skin cancer at some point of their

title: Skin cancer

text: of melanoma keeps growing, with approximately 68,729 melanomas diagnosed in 2004 according to reports of the National Cancer Institute. Melanoma is the fifth most common cancer in the UK (around 13,300 people were diagnosed with melanoma in 2011), and the disease accounts for 1% all cancer deaths (around 2,100 people died in 2012). Approximately 2,000 people die from basal or squamous cell skin cancers (non-melanoma skin cancers) in the United States each year. The rate has dropped in recent years. Most of the deaths happen to people who are elderly and might not have seen a doctor until the cancer

title: Skin cancer in Australia

text: screening, Cancer Council Australia does not recommend annual or regular skin assessment because low national melanoma occurrences do not financially justify national public screening. A 2003 study analysing the effectiveness of skin cancer screening was implemented in northern Germany. Study doctors received 8 hours of training and over a year screened 19% of Schleswig-Holstein’s population. Initially melanoma detection increased 34%. After 5 years the population experienced over 50% decrease in melanoma mortality. Australia spends more than $2 billion annually treating cancer, with skin cancer the most costly. From 2005-15 over $300 million was spent annually on diagnosis, treatment and pathology-related

title: Skin cancer in Australia

text: tools for avoiding skin cancer and are the basis of many effective prevention campaigns in Australia. Prevention initiatives such as SunSmart promote awareness by advocating effective sun protective methods, sun risk awareness and are an integral part of skin cancer prevention. SunSmart recommends wearing protective clothing, hats, sunscreen, seeking shade from the sun and wearing UV protective eyeware. SunSmart also provides recommendations on how to choose the right protective products. Regular skin checks are another important preventive step. The standard for skin cancer screening in Australia is self-assessment and occasional clinic screening. Consistent with Australian guidelines for public skin cancer

title: Skin cancer in Australia

text: glasses), Seek (shaded areas). SunSmart began in 1987, led by an Australian foundation focused on promoting skin cancer awareness. Social education, challenging societal and cultural ideals, is one of SunSmart's methods for promoting awareness and through its many successes now functions throughout all of Australia, under state Cancer Councils. The first government-funded mass media skin cancer initiative began in Australia during 2006. Its skin cancer awareness message was delivered through radio, television and printed mediums. Media promotion and education remains a vital and effective tool in Australian skin cancer awareness strategy. Despite its effectiveness members of the public remain indifferent

title: Skin Cancer Foundation

text: is ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun and indoor tanning beds. The incidence and impact of skin cancer can be dramatically reduced through education, lifestyle changes, and early detection. Annually, the foundation distributes over two million pieces of medically reviewed educational information on sun protection and skin cancer. The annual "Journal" and the newsletters are distributed regularly to most dermatologists' offices nationwide. In addition, the Foundation's educational materials are distributed in multiple languages through corporate partnerships and programs such as The Road to Healthy Skin Tour, an annual skin cancer screening program across the United States. Funding is provided annually

title: Squamous cell skin cancer

text: especially those with fair skin or those chronically exposed to UV radiation. Squamous cell carcinoma of the skin can be found on all areas of the body but is most common on frequently sun-exposed areas, such as the face, legs and arms. Solid organ transplant recipients (heart, lung, liver, pancreas, among others) are also at a heightened risk of developing aggressive, high-risk SCC. There are also a few rare congenital diseases predisposed to cutaneous malignancy. In certain geographic locations, exposure to arsenic in well water or from industrial sources may significantly increase the risk of SCC. Squamous cell skin cancer

title: What U See Is What U Get

text: What U See Is What U Get "What U See Is What U Get" is the first single from Xzibit's second album, "40 Dayz & 40 Nightz". In its first week the song peaked at #50 on the "Billboard" Hot 100, being Xzibit's highest charting single. It peaked at #3 on Hot Rap Singles, his highest on that chart. A music video directed by Gregory Dark was filmed in Los Angeles. The deceptively simplistic premise of the video is Xzibit's trek to a nearby shop after being asked to pick up some milk. On his way, Xzibit greets several friends,

title: What U See Is What U Get

text: the music videos for Xzibit's songs "Paparazzi" and "The Foundation". The music video peaked at 1 during 6 weeks at BET's "Rap City". 12" Promo What U See Is What U Get "What U See Is What U Get" is the first single from Xzibit's second album, "40 Dayz & 40 Nightz". In its first week the song peaked at #50 on the "Billboard" Hot 100, being Xzibit's highest charting single. It peaked at #3 on Hot Rap Singles, his highest on that chart. A music video directed by Gregory Dark was filmed in Los Angeles. The deceptively simplistic premise

title: Skin cancer in Australia

text: costs of skin cancer. With $512.3 million spent in 2010 on melanoma carcinomas, costs continued to rise. The number of life-years lost and loss of productivity both have a bearing on the financial cost of the disease. The direct and indirect expenses of skin cancer in the Australian state of New South Wales (NSW) have been investigated. Direct costs included those resources related to skin cancer management, and indirect costs were concerned with premature mortality and morbidity. Review of 150 000 skin cancer patients in NSW (2010) revealed a total lifetime cost estimation of AU$536 million, with 72% of this

title: Skin cancer in Australia

text: Skin cancer in Australia Skin cancer in Australia kills over 2,000 each year, with more than 750,000 diagnosed and treated. Tanning became embedded in Australian culture and proved to be a controversial issue because of its popularity among teens and solarium users, despite correlations between tanning and an increased risk of developing melanoma. Australia experienced relative success through skin cancer prevention campaigns started in the 1980s and continued to invest and promote awareness through government-funded mass media strategies. Although Australia has one of the highest national rates of skin cancer, mortality trends in melanoma stabilized. Australians culturally identify with the

title: Skin Cancer Foundation

text: Skin Cancer Foundation The Skin Cancer Foundation (SCF), founded in 1979 by dermatologist and Mohs surgeon Perry Robins, MD, is a global organization solely devoted to educating the public and medical community about skin cancer prevention, early detection, and treatment. The foundation's professional membership includes dermatologists, Mohs surgeons, plastic surgeons and other medical professionals working to fight skin cancer. Headquartered in New York City, the foundation is a 501(c)(3) public charity. Each year in the U.S., nearly 5 million patients are treated for skin cancer and more than 16,000 people die from the disease. The primary cause of skin cancer

title: Skin cancer

text: Maine sign"), C for "color" (variegated), D for "diameter" (larger than 6 mm – the size of a pencil eraser) and E for "evolving." Merkel cell carcinomas are most often rapidly growing, non-tender red, purple or skin colored bumps that are not painful or itchy. They may be mistaken for a cyst or another type of cancer. Ultraviolet radiation from sun exposure is the primary environmental cause of skin cancer. Other risk factors that play a role include: A malignant epithelial tumor that primarily originates in the epidermis, in squamous mucosa or in areas of squamous metaplasia is referred to

title: Skin cancer in Australia

text: cancers and more than 1,000 related fatalities from 1988-2003. The study found strong evidence that continued investment and support for SunSmart was economically sound and presented beneficial outcomes for Australia. Skin cancer in Australia Skin cancer in Australia kills over 2,000 each year, with more than 750,000 diagnosed and treated. Tanning became embedded in Australian culture and proved to be a controversial issue because of its popularity among teens and solarium users, despite correlations between tanning and an increased risk of developing melanoma. Australia experienced relative success through skin cancer prevention campaigns started in the 1980s and continued to invest

title: Skin cancer in Australia

text: quadrupled in size since 1992. The tanning industry promotes tanning as a process to stimulate higher levels of vitamin D, associating it with reduced likelihood of sunburn and skin cancer, with increased well being and feelings of happiness. The solarium industry is regulated on a state by state basis. The first states to regulate solarium use (2008) were Victoria, South Australia and Western Australia following the death of skin cancer victim Clare Oliver. The 2008 regulations required solaria to obtain a license, display health warnings. In Victoria, those under 16 and people with fair skin were banned from solaria and

title: Skin cancer in horses

text: Prognosis and treatment effectiveness varies based on type of cancer, degree of local tissue destruction, evidence of spread to other organs (metastasis) and location of the tumor. Not all cancers metastasize and some can be cured or mitigated by surgical removal of the cancerous tissue or through use of chemotherapeutic drugs. Sarcoids account for 39.9% of all equine cancers and are the most common cancer diagnosed in horses. There is no breed predilection for developing sarcoids and they can occur at any age, with horses three to six years old being the most common age group and males being slightly

title: Epidemiology of breast cancer

text: Epidemiology of breast cancer Worldwide, breast cancer is the most common invasive cancer in women. (The most common form of cancer is non-invasive non-melanoma skin cancer; non-invasive cancers are generally easily cured, cause very few deaths, and are routinely excluded from cancer statistics.) Breast cancer comprises 22.9% of invasive cancers in women and 16% of all female cancers. In 2008, breast cancer caused 458,503 deaths worldwide (13.7% of cancer deaths in women and 6.0% of all cancer deaths for men and women together). Lung cancer, the second most common cause of cancer-related death in women, caused 12.8% of cancer deaths

title: Squamous cell skin cancer

text: and avoidance of intense sun exposure may prevent skin cancer. A 2016 review of sunscreen for preventing squamous cell skin cancer found insufficient evidence to demonstrate whether it was effective. Most squamous cell carcinomas are removed with surgery. A few selected cases are treated with topical medication. Surgical excision with a free margin of healthy tissue is a frequent treatment modality. Radiotherapy, given as external beam radiotherapy or as brachytherapy (internal radiotherapy), can also be used to treat squamous cell carcinomas. There is little evidence comparing the effectiveness of different treatments for non-metastatic SCC of the skin. Mohs surgery is

title: Skin cancer in Australia

text: cost related to direct costs, and the remaining 28% to indirect costs; the direct costs were higher in females and indirect costs higher in males. Prevention initiatives make up an important part of financial expenditure for skin cancer funding and investments. Prevention programs are a productive tool, as they beneficially influence attitudes and behaviours towards skin cancer, but also deliver positive financial returns. A 2009 study analysed the economic impact of prevention programs such as SunSmart. SunSmart demonstrated positive health impacts, was cost effective. The Victoria-based program returned $3.60 for every $1 invested. It concluded that SunSmart prevented 103,000 skin

title: Skin cancer in horses

text: esophagus, stomach (non-glandular portion), nasal passages and sinuses, the hard palate, gums, guttural pouches and lung. The eyelid is the most common site, accounting for 40-50% of cases, followed by male (25-10% of cases) and female (10% of cases) genitalia. Horses with lightly pigmented skin, such as those with a gray hair coat or white faces, are especially prone to developing SCC, and some breeds, such as Clydesdales, may have a genetic predisposition. Exposure of light-colored skin to UV light has often been cited as a predisposing factor, but lesions can occur in dark skin and in areas that are

title: Skin Cancer Foundation

text: devices. On November 25, 2014, the Sunscreen Innovation Act was passed, streamlining the FDA's review process of new sunscreens and setting deadlines for decisions on new applications. Public education abroad is sponsored by the foundation’s International Advisory Council, representing 23 countries. The Foundation sponsors the annual International Dermatology Exchange Program and the biennial World Congress on Cancers of the Skin, which convenes in different countries around the world. The Skin Cancer Foundation has received the American Academy of Dermatology’s Excellence in Education Award and 14 Gold Triangle Awards for Community Service. Skin Cancer Foundation The Skin Cancer Foundation (SCF), founded

title: Cancer In Common

text: others who had the same type of cancer. Cancer In Common features social network services such as cancer specific discussion groups, geographically specific events, fundraising, social interaction, and photo sharing. The network does not allow anonymous or pseudonymous interactions. Members must create profiles and can invite others to join their circle of friends. On August 1, 2015, it was announced CancerInCommon would be closed on September 1, 2015. The Cancer Survivors Club Cancer In Common Cancer In Common is a social network connecting cancer survivors, patients and their friends. It enables users to search then communicate privately with other members,

title: Cancer In Common

text: Cancer In Common Cancer In Common is a social network connecting cancer survivors, patients and their friends. It enables users to search then communicate privately with other members, based on their type of cancer, age and location. In an interview, Chris Geiger stated he was diagnosed with Non-Hodgkin lymphoma. When first diagnosed he wanted to read stories from other cancer patients who had fought the same cancer as him. This was his thinking behind The Cancer Survivors Club book. A common request he got from readers was about various treatments, side effects or wanting to be put in contact with

title: Skin cancer

text: raised area of skin, that may be shiny with small blood vessels running over it or may present as a raised area with an ulcer. Squamous-cell skin cancer is more likely to spread. It usually presents as a hard lump with a scaly top but may also form an ulcer. Melanomas are the most aggressive. Signs include a mole that has changed in size, shape, color, has irregular edges, has more than one color, is itchy or bleeds. Greater than 90% of cases are caused by exposure to ultraviolet radiation from the Sun. This exposure increases the risk of all

title: Skin cancer

text: the US. In comparison, the mortality rate of melanoma is 15–20% and it causes 6500 deaths per year. Even though it is much less common, malignant melanoma is responsible for 75% of all skin cancer-related deaths. The survival rate for people with melanoma depends upon when they start treatment. The cure rate is very high when melanoma is detected in early stages, when it can easily be removed surgically. The prognosis is less favorable if the melanoma has spread to other parts of the body. As of 2003 the overall five year cure rate with Mohs' micrographic surgery was around

title: Squamous cell skin cancer

text: much more aggressive, regardless of their location. The risk of SCC, and non-melanoma skin cancers generally, varies with the immunosuppressive drug regimen chosen. The risk is greatest with calcineurin inhibitors like cyclosporine and tacrolimus, and least with mTOR inhibitors, such as sirolimus and everolimus. The antimetabolites azathioprine and mycophenolic acid have an intermediate risk profile. Diagnosis is confirmed via biopsy of the tissue(s) suspected to be affected by SCC. For the skin, look under skin biopsy. The pathological appearance of a squamous cell cancer varies with the depth of the biopsy. For that reason, a biopsy including the subcutaneous tissue

title: Skin cancer in Australia

text: have the world's highest skin cancer rates. Factors include the large percentage of the population with fair skin prone to skin cancers and the high levels of ambient UV radiation. Similarly the Anglo-Celtic ancestry of many New Zealanders together with their outdoor lifestyle, is presumed to be a dominant factor in the risk, due to the effect of high UV levels on fair skin. The UV Index (UVI), defined as the sun-burning strength of ultraviolet rays (UVR), in Canada ranges between 1 and 10. The National Institute of Water and Atmospheric (NIWA) research recorded that New Zealand (similar latitude to

title: Epidemiology of breast cancer

text: still little understanding of the causes of the higher risk for male breast cancer in Sub Saharan Africa and on male breast cancer in general, leading to poor clinical management of the disease. General: Epidemiology of breast cancer Worldwide, breast cancer is the most common invasive cancer in women. (The most common form of cancer is non-invasive non-melanoma skin cancer; non-invasive cancers are generally easily cured, cause very few deaths, and are routinely excluded from cancer statistics.) Breast cancer comprises 22.9% of invasive cancers in women and 16% of all female cancers. In 2008, breast cancer caused 458,503 deaths worldwide

title: Skin cancer in cats and dogs

text: and dogs can often be treated successfully. In many cases, a biopsy can remove the whole tumor, as long as the healthy tissues removed from just outside the tumor area do not contain any cancer cells. Skin cancer in cats and dogs Many types of skin tumors, both benign (noncancerous) and malignant (cancerous), exist. Approximately 20-40% of primary skin tumors are malignant in dogs and 50-65% are malignant in cats. Not all forms of skin cancer in cats and dogs are caused by sun exposure, but it can happen occasionally. On dogs, the nose and pads of the feet contain

title: Stirling numbers of the first kind

text: first kind, were found to count permutations, so in combinatorics the (signed) Stirling numbers of the first kind, "s"("n", "k"), are often defined as counting numbers multiplied by a sign factor. That is the approach taken on this page. Most identities on this page are stated for unsigned Stirling numbers. Note that the notations on this page are not universal. The unsigned Stirling numbers of the first kind are denoted in various ways by different authors. Common notations are formula_1 formula_2 and formula_3. (The last is also common notation for the Gaussian coefficients.) They count the number of permutations of

title: Epidemiology of breast cancer

text: the actual risk is probably less than half the theoretical risk. The United States has the highest annual incidence rates of breast cancer in the world; 128.6 per 100,000 in whites and 112.6 per 100,000 among African Americans. It is the second-most common cancer (after skin cancer) and the second-most common cause of cancer death (after lung cancer) in women. In 2007, breast cancer was expected to cause 40,910 deaths in the US (7% of cancer deaths; almost 2% of all deaths). This figure includes 450-500 annual deaths among men out of 2000 cancer cases. In the US, both incidence

title: Skin Cancer: Recognition and Management

text: Skin Cancer: Recognition and Management The book Skin Cancer: Recognition and Management by Robert A. Schwartz MD is a clinical reference covering skin and accessible mucosal disorders, premalignant and malignant cutaneous disorders, including melanoma, Kaposi's sarcoma and other sarcomas, cutaneous lymphoma, cutaneous metastatic disease and cutaneous markers of internal malignancy. It emphasizes skin cancer prevention, as well as recent advances in diagnosis and management. It has a chapter exploring dermoscopic evaluation of skin cancer and a chapter on oral cancer. Critical reception has been positive. "Dermatologic Surgery" gave a favorable review for the work, writing that it was "nicely illustrated

title: Skin Cancer: Recognition and Management

text: with beautiful color pictures and is extensively referenced." The "Journal of the American Medical Association" also rated the work highly, calling it "timely and useful". Skin Cancer: Recognition and Management The book Skin Cancer: Recognition and Management by Robert A. Schwartz MD is a clinical reference covering skin and accessible mucosal disorders, premalignant and malignant cutaneous disorders, including melanoma, Kaposi's sarcoma and other sarcomas, cutaneous lymphoma, cutaneous metastatic disease and cutaneous markers of internal malignancy. It emphasizes skin cancer prevention, as well as recent advances in diagnosis and management. It has a chapter exploring dermoscopic evaluation of skin cancer and

title: Skin cancer in cats and dogs

text: Skin cancer in cats and dogs Many types of skin tumors, both benign (noncancerous) and malignant (cancerous), exist. Approximately 20-40% of primary skin tumors are malignant in dogs and 50-65% are malignant in cats. Not all forms of skin cancer in cats and dogs are caused by sun exposure, but it can happen occasionally. On dogs, the nose and pads of the feet contain sensitive skin and no fur to protect from the sun. Also, cats and dogs with thin or light-colored coats are at a higher risk of sun damage over their entire bodies. Typically, either cytologic or histopathologic

title: Do What U Want

text: "Do what u want/ What u want with my body/ Do what u want/ What u want with my body/ Write what you want, say what you want about me/ If you want you know that I'm not sorry". According to the sheet music published at Musicnotes.com, "Do What U Want" is set in the time signature of common time, with a moderate tempo of 96 beats per minute. It is composed in the key of A major with Gaga's vocals spanning the tonal nodes of E to F. The song follows a basic sequence of D–E–Fm–E–D–E as its chord

title: Cancer in cats

text: cats are especially prone to this type of tumor. Skin tumors manifests as a visible lump on the skin, mostly affecting vision, smell, or eating. Benign tumors take several years to develop and are more difficult to detect due to their freely movable nature. The only indicator of benign tumors is self-trauma of a form called lick granuloma or "boredom sores", which can be caused by excessive licking by the cat. This is a sign that the cat is suffering from anxiety. Mammary gland tumors are the third common type of cancer in older female cats, with the most common

title: Skin cancer

text: more common than the other listed choices. Skin grafting is patching of a defect with skin that is removed from another site in the body. The skin graft is sutured to the edges of the defect, and a bolster dressing is placed atop the graft for seven to ten days, to immobilize the graft as it heals in place. There are two forms of skin grafting: split thickness and full thickness. In a split thickness skin graft, a shaver is used to shave a layer of skin from the abdomen or thigh. The donor site regenerates skin and heals over

title: What U See Is What U Get

text: briefly performs in a local concert and even finds a dropped one hundred-dollar bill. However, he also crosses paths with various chaotic incidents including a carjacking, bombing, shooting, and store looting; all of which he walks past unshaken. In the end, Xzibit is able to pick up the milk and make his way home, only to be told that they also needed hot sauce and asked to go back out again. The video closes with a dedication to then-recently-deceased music video director Michael Lucero. Lucero's production company, What You See Is What You Get(?UC-IS-?U-GET) had produced and Lucero had directed

title: Cancer

text: cancer, colorectal cancer and stomach cancer. In females, the most common types are breast cancer, colorectal cancer, lung cancer and cervical cancer. If skin cancer other than melanoma were included in total new cancer cases each year, it would account for around 40% of cases. In children, acute lymphoblastic leukemia and brain tumors are most common, except in Africa where non-Hodgkin lymphoma occurs more often. In 2012, about 165,000 children under 15 years of age were diagnosed with cancer. The risk of cancer increases significantly with age, and many cancers occur more commonly in developed countries. Rates are increasing as

title: Breast cancer

text: with a breast cancer diagnosis. Premenopausal women with estrogen-receptor positive breast cancer must confront the issues of early menopause induced by many of the chemotherapy regimens used to treat their breast cancer, especially those that use hormones to counteract ovarian function. Worldwide, breast cancer is the most common invasive cancer in women. It affects about 12% of women worldwide. (The most common form of cancer is non-invasive non-melanoma skin cancer; non-invasive cancers are generally easily cured, cause very few deaths, and are routinely excluded from cancer statistics.) Breast cancer comprises 22.9% of invasive cancers in women and 16% of all

title: Cancer

text: second form of cancer. It is also used in some kinds of medical imaging. Prolonged exposure to ultraviolet radiation from the sun can lead to melanoma and other skin malignancies. Clear evidence establishes ultraviolet radiation, especially the non-ionizing medium wave UVB, as the cause of most non-melanoma skin cancers, which are the most common forms of cancer in the world. Non-ionizing radio frequency radiation from mobile phones, electric power transmission and other similar sources have been described as a possible carcinogen by the World Health Organization's International Agency for Research on Cancer. However, studies have not found a consistent link

title: Skin Cancer Foundation

text: for research and clinical studies in medical institutions throughout the U.S. Since 1981, more than $1.5 million has been awarded to fund over 150 projects. Proposals are evaluated by the Foundation's Research Grants Review Committee. The foundation is a core member of the National Council on Skin Cancer Prevention, a coordinating body that seeks to establish a national action agenda on skin cancer and stricter regulations of UV tanning beds and lamps. In May 2014, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) of the United States issued an order to re-classify tanning beds from class 1 (low-risk) to class II (moderate-risk)

title: Skin cancer

text: of tobacco products. There is insufficient evidence either for or against screening for skin cancers. Vitamin supplements and antioxidant supplements have not been found to have an effect in prevention. Evidence for a benefit from dietary measures is tentative. Zinc oxide and titanium oxide are often used in sun screen to provide broad protection from UVA and UVB ranges. Eating certain foods may decrease the risk of sunburns but this is much less than the protection provided by sunscreen. A meta-analysis of skin cancer prevention in high risk individuals found evidence that topical application of T4N5 liposome lotion reduced the

title: Causes of cancer

text: melanoma and other skin malignancies. The vast majority of non-invasive cancers are non-melanoma skin cancers caused by non-ionizing ultraviolet radiation. Clear evidence establishes ultraviolet radiation, especially the non-ionizing medium wave UVB, as the cause of most non-melanoma skin cancers, which are the most common forms of cancer in the world. Sources of ionizing radiation include medical imaging, and radon gas. Ionizing radiation is not a particularly strong mutagen. Medical use of ionizing radiation is a growing source of radiation-induced cancers. Ionizing radiation may be used to treat other cancers, but this may, in some cases, induce a second form of

title: Cancer

text: therapies exist for many of the most common cancer types, including bladder cancer, breast cancer, colorectal cancer, kidney cancer, leukemia, liver cancer, lung cancer, lymphoma, pancreatic cancer, prostate cancer, skin cancer, and thyroid cancer as well as other cancer types. The efficacy of chemotherapy depends on the type of cancer and the stage. In combination with surgery, chemotherapy has proven useful in cancer types including breast cancer, colorectal cancer, pancreatic cancer, osteogenic sarcoma, testicular cancer, ovarian cancer and certain lung cancers. Chemotherapy is curative for some cancers, such as some leukemias, ineffective in some brain tumors, and needless in others,

title: What U Need?

text: ranked #1 on Alibaba Year-End Top 40 Music Chart for 2016. It ranked #45 on Xiami's Top 100 Most Popular Singles of 2016 in China. What U Need? "what U need?" is a single recorded by Chinese singer Lay for his debut extended play "Lose Control" . It was pre-released on October 7, 2016 by S.M. Entertainment as a birthday gift for Lay's fans. Produced by Devine Channel and Lay, "what U need?" is described as a "Pop-R&B" song with lyrics about being overwhelmed by a loved one. "what U need?" music video was released on October 7, 2016. It

title: The Reflecting Skin

text: Reflecting Skin", is that I created a fabulous child-eyed view of what I imagined America to be like – it's a kind of mythical once upon a time never-world, where guys look like Marlon Brando and Elvis Presley, and everything is set in a Wheatfield and it all looks very American gothic." Upon directing two short films ("Visiting Mr. Beak" and "The Universe of Dermot Finn") and completing the screenplay for "The Krays" (directed by Peter Medak), Ridley received $1.5 million of funding from the BBC, British Screen and Zenith Productions to shoot "The Reflecting Skin" in Crossfield, Alberta, Canada.

title: Skin cancer in horses

text: removed. Cisplatin and cryotherapy can be used to treat small tumors less than 3 centimeters, but tumors may reoccur. Cimetidine, a histamine stimulator, can cause tumors to regress in some horses, but may take up to 3 months to produce results and multiple treatments may be needed throughout the horse's life. There are few viable treatment options for horses with metastatic melanoma. However, gene therapy injections utilizing interleukin-12 and 18-encoding DNA plasmids have shown promise in slowing the progression of tumors in patients with metastatic melanoma. Lymphoma is the most common type of blood-related cancer in horses and while it

title: Vulvar cancer

text: cancer. According to the American Cancer Society, in 2018, there were about 6,190 new cases of vulvar cancer and 1,200 estimated deaths from the disease. In the United States, the estimated number of vulvar cancer for the United States for 2018 is 6,190 cases with 1,200 deaths. The five-year survival rates for vulvar cancer is around 70%. Most vulvar cancer (approximately 90%) is squamous cell carcinoma, which originates from epidermal squamous cells, the most common type of skin cell. Carcinoma-in-situ is a precursor lesion of squamous cell cancer that does not invade through the basement membrane. While this type of

title: Skin cancer

text: reconstruction of facial skin cancers is generally more challenging due to presence of highly visible and functional anatomic structures in the face. When skin defects are small in size, most can be repaired with simple repair where skin edges are approximated and closed with sutures. This will result in a linear scar. If the repair is made along a natural skin fold or wrinkle line, the scar will be hardly visible. Larger defects may require repair with a skin graft, local skin flap, pedicled skin flap, or a microvascular free flap. Skin grafts and local skin flaps are by far

title: Skin cancer

text: alternative method is CCPDMA and can be performed by a pathologist not familiar with Mohs surgery. In the case of disease that has spread (metastasized), further surgical procedures or chemotherapy may be required. Treatments for metastatic melanoma include biologic immunotherapy agents ipilimumab, pembrolizumab, and nivolumab; BRAF inhibitors, such as vemurafenib and dabrafenib; and a MEK inhibitor trametinib. Currently, surgical excision is the most common form of treatment for skin cancers. The goal of reconstructive surgery is restoration of normal appearance and function. The choice of technique in reconstruction is dictated by the size and location of the defect. Excision and

title: Vulvar cancer

text: the pelvis. The tumor may also invade nearby organs such as the vagina, urethra, and rectum and spread via their lymphatics. A verrucous carcinoma of the vulva is a rare subtype of squamous cell cancer and tends to appear as a slowly growing wart. Verrucous vulvar cancers tend to have good overall prognoses. Melanoma is the second most common type of vulvar cancer and causes 8–10% of vulvar cancer cases. These lesions arise from melanocytes, the cells that give skin color and are most common in Caucasian women 50–80 years old. Melanoma of the vulva behaves like melanoma in any

title: Radiation-induced cancer

text: miners suggests that smoking may have a multiplicative, rather than additive, interaction with radiation. Evaluations of radiation's contribution to cancer incidence can only be done through large epidemiological studies with thorough data about all other confounding risk factors. Prolonged exposure to ultraviolet radiation from the sun can lead to melanoma and other skin malignancies. Clear evidence establishes ultraviolet radiation, especially the non-ionizing medium wave UVB, as the cause of most non-melanoma skin cancers, which are the most common forms of cancer in the world. Skin cancer may occur following ionizing radiation exposure following a latent period averaging 20 to 40

title: The Hallmarks of Cancer

text: of Biosciences" in 2013 argued that original data for most of these hallmarks is lacking. It argued that cancer is a tissue-level disease and these cellular-level hallmarks are misleading. The Hallmarks of Cancer "The Hallmarks of Cancer" is a seminal peer-reviewed article published in the journal "Cell" in January 2000 by the cancer researchers Douglas Hanahan and Robert Weinberg. The authors believe that the complexity of cancer can be reduced to a small number of underlying principles. The paper argues that all cancers share six common traits ("hallmarks") that govern the transformation of normal cells to cancer (malignant or tumor)

title: Skin cancer in Australia

text: "bronzed Aussie" stereotype, viewing it as a positive body image associated with recreational sport and exercise-orientated lifestyles. With over 90% of melanomas derived through contact with the sun, skin cancer preventive initiatives in Australia strived to change this perception. Solariums and tanning salons are widely used and available throughout Australia. Tanning has been a phenomenon since the 1800s, with medical use of phototherapy, emerging popularity of sunbathing, and in the 1970s, with tanning salons and solariums becoming increasingly popular, had developed into a worldwide tanning industry. Although the tanning industry in Australia is relatively small by international standards, it has

title: Cancer

text: at which it is diagnosed, ranging from majority survival to complete mortality five years after diagnosis. Once a cancer has metastasized, prognosis normally becomes much worse. About half of patients receiving treatment for invasive cancer (excluding carcinoma "in situ" and non-melanoma skin cancers) die from that cancer or its treatment. Survival is worse in the developing world, partly because the types of cancer that are most common there are harder to treat than those associated with developed countries. Those who survive cancer develop a second primary cancer at about twice the rate of those never diagnosed. The increased risk is

title: What Kind of Man (Florence and the Machine song)

text: Big, How Blue, How Beautiful". What Kind of Man (Florence and the Machine song) "What Kind of Man" is a song by English indie rock band Florence and the Machine from their third studio album, "How Big, How Blue, How Beautiful" (2015). It was written by Florence Welch, Kid Harpoon and John Hill, produced by Markus Dravs and co-produced by Hill. The song was released on 12 February 2015 as the album's lead single. "What Kind of Man" received Grammy Award nominations for Best Rock Performance and Best Rock Song. According to lead vocalist Florence Welch, the song represents a

text: What Kind of Man (Florence and the Machine song) "What Kind of Man" is a song by English indie rock band Florence and the Machine from their third studio album, "How Big, How Blue, How Beautiful" (2015). It was written by Florence Welch, Kid Harpoon and John Hill, produced by Markus Dravs and co-produced by Hill. The song was released on 12 February 2015 as the album's lead single. "What Kind of Man" received Grammy Award nominations for Best Rock Performance and Best Rock Song. According to lead vocalist Florence Welch, the song represents a new guitar-driven sonic direction for

title: Cancer

text: important in people with advanced disease. The chance of survival depends on the type of cancer and extent of disease at the start of treatment. In children under 15 at diagnosis, the five-year survival rate in the developed world is on average 80%. For cancer in the United States, the average five-year survival rate is 66%. In 2015, about 90.5 million people had cancer. About 14.1 million new cases occur a year (not including skin cancer other than melanoma). It caused about 8.8 million deaths (15.7% of deaths). The most common types of cancer in males are lung cancer, prostate

title: Skin cancer in cats and dogs

text: depending on the results, appropriate treatment is chosen. Depending on the tumor type and its level of aggressiveness, additional diagnostic tests can include blood tests to assess the pet’s overall health, chest X-rays to check for lung metastasis, and abdominal ultrasound to check for metastasis to other internal organs. The specific treatment will depend on the tumor's type, location, size, and whether the cancer has spread to other organs. Surgical removal of the tumor remains the standard treatment of choice, but additional forms of therapy such as radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or immunotherapy exist. When detected early, skin cancer in cats

title: ZERO—The End of Prostate Cancer

text: provides prostate cancer tests at no charge. Local licensed physicians conduct a two-part early detection procedure, consisting of a Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) blood test and a physical examination. Test results are sent to a cancer center for evaluation, and each man receives a notification letter explaining the test results and providing links to information on the web, a toll-free phone number to ZERO, and a contact at the cancer center. Men with abnormal test results receive a second letter urging them to seek medical attention. The Drive Against Prostate Cancer has traveled to the U. S. Capitol, the New

title: Squamous cell skin cancer

text: and basalar epithelium, to the surface is necessary for correct diagnosis. The performance of a shave biopsy (see skin biopsy) might not acquire enough information for a diagnosis. An inadequate biopsy might be read as actinic keratosis with follicular involvement. A deeper biopsy down to the dermis or subcutaneous tissue might reveal the true cancer. An excision biopsy is ideal, but not practical in most cases. An incisional or punch biopsy is preferred. A shave biopsy is least ideal, especially if only the superficial portion is acquired. Appropriate sun-protective clothing, use of broad-spectrum (UVA/UVB) sunscreen with at least SPF 50,

title: Skin in the game (phrase)

text: heard in common use. Skin in the game (phrase) To have "skin in the game" is to have incurred risk (monetary or otherwise) by being involved in achieving a goal. In the phrase, "skin" is a synecdoche for the person involved, and "game" is the metaphor for actions on the field of play under discussion. The aphorism is particularly common in business, finance, and gambling, and is also used in politics. The origin of the phrase is unknown. It has commonly been attributed to Warren Buffett, referring to his own investment in his initial fund. However, William Safire refutes Buffett

title: What Kind of Fool

text: three weeks at number ten on the Hot 100 in March and April 1981. It also spent four weeks atop the "Billboard" adult contemporary chart. Popular American TV serial "Glee" covered this song in 2011 by fictional character Blaine Anderson (as played by Darren Criss). This was featured on their soundtrack album "". No Glee episode had featured this version, as it is only appeared in the album. What Kind of Fool "What Kind of Fool" is the title of a vocal duet from 1981 (see 1981 in music) by singers Barbra Streisand and Barry Gibb. The song was written

title: What Kind of Love

text: covered the song on his 2002 album for DreamWorks Records. It was the B-side to the album's first single, "Honey Do". What Kind of Love "What Kind of Love" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Rodney Crowell. It was released in June 1992 as the second single from the album "Life Is Messy". The song reached number 11 on the U.S. "Billboard" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart and peaked at number 2 on the "RPM" Country Tracks in Canada. Crowell and co-writer Will Jennings wrote the lyrics to a recording of a melody that

title: What Kind of Love

text: What Kind of Love "What Kind of Love" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Rodney Crowell. It was released in June 1992 as the second single from the album "Life Is Messy". The song reached number 11 on the U.S. "Billboard" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart and peaked at number 2 on the "RPM" Country Tracks in Canada. Crowell and co-writer Will Jennings wrote the lyrics to a recording of a melody that Roy Orbison had made before his death. The song features backing vocals from Don Henley and Linda Ronstadt. Deborah Evans Price,

title: Cancer

text: a difficult and usually deadly disease is reflected in the systems chosen by society to compile cancer statistics: the most common form of cancer—non-melanoma skin cancers, accounting for about one-third of cancer cases worldwide, but very few deaths—are excluded from cancer statistics specifically because they are easily treated and almost always cured, often in a single, short, outpatient procedure. Western conceptions of patients' rights for people with cancer include a duty to fully disclose the medical situation to the person, and the right to engage in shared decision-making in a way that respects the person's own values. In other cultures,

title: What U Workin' With?

text: Virgin Radio saw the release as unexpected but praised the dancing qualities of the track. "What U Workin' With?" debuted on "Billboard"s Kid Digital Songs component chart on October 15, 2016 at number eight; it entered simultaneously with the duo's other collaboration, "Hair Up", which debuted at number 14. It dropped off the following week, but re-entered during the week of November 26, 2016, where it was ranked at number ten. It spent a total of three weeks on the Kid Digital Songs chart, leaving at number fifteen on December 3, 2016. What U Workin' With? "What U Workin' With?"

title: Cancer

text: will occur globally. About 20% of males and 17% of females with get cancer at some point in time while 13% of males and 9% of females will die from it. In 2008, approximately 12.7 million cancers were diagnosed (excluding non-melanoma skin cancers and other non-invasive cancers) and in 2010 nearly 7.98 million people died. Cancers account for approximately 13% of deaths. The most common are lung cancer (1.4 million deaths), stomach cancer (740,000), liver cancer (700,000), colorectal cancer (610,000) and breast cancer (460,000). This makes invasive cancer the leading cause of death in the developed world and the second

title: Pancreatic cancer

text: cancer to other organs (metastasis) may also cause symptoms. Typically, pancreatic adenocarcinoma first spreads to nearby lymph nodes, and later to the liver or to the peritoneal cavity, large intestine or lungs. It is uncommon for it to spread to the bones or brain. Cancers in the pancreas may also be secondary cancers that have spread from other parts of the body. This is uncommon, found in only about 2% of cases of pancreatic cancer. Kidney cancer is by far the most common cancer to spread to the pancreas, followed by colorectal cancer, and then cancers of the skin, breast,

title: Head and neck cancer

text: are more aggressive than others depending upon their location. The stage at which the cancer is diagnosed is also a critical factor in the prognosis of throat cancer. Treatment guidelines recommend routine testing for the presence of HPV for all oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma tumours. Squamous-cell carcinoma is a cancer of the squamous cell – a kind of epithelial cell found in both the skin and mucous membranes. It accounts for over 90% of all head and neck cancers, including more than 90% of throat cancer. Squamous cell carcinoma is most likely to appear in males over 40 years of

title: What Kind of Fool

text: What Kind of Fool "What Kind of Fool" is the title of a vocal duet from 1981 (see 1981 in music) by singers Barbra Streisand and Barry Gibb. The song was written by Gibb and Albhy Galuten. The songs on the "Guilty" album were a collaboration between Streisand and all the members of the Bee Gees, including Barry's brothers, Robin and Maurice Gibb. But Barry Gibb played the largest role of the brothers on the album, co-writing and co-producing all of the tracks, appearing on the album cover embracing Streisand, and singing two duets with her. Co-producer Karl Richardson was

title: Skin cancer

text: with concentric, laminated layers, called "cell nests" or "epithelial/keratinous pearls". The surrounding stroma is reduced and contains inflammatory infiltrate (lymphocytes). Poorly differentiated squamous carcinomas contain more pleomorphic cells and no keratinization. A molecular factor involved in the disease process is mutation in gene PTCH1 that plays an important role in the Sonic hedgehog signaling pathway. Diagnosis is by biopsy and histopathological examination. Non-invasive skin cancer detection methods include photography, dermoscopy, sonography, confocal microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, terahertz spectroscopy, optical coherence tomography, the multispectral imaging technique, thermography, electrical bio-impedance, tape stripping and computer-aided analysis. Sunscreen is effective and thus recommended

title: Stomach cancer

text: Stomach cancer Stomach cancer, also known as gastric cancer, is a cancer which develops from the lining of the stomach. Early symptoms may include heartburn, upper abdominal pain, nausea and loss of appetite. Later signs and symptoms may include weight loss, yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes, vomiting, difficulty swallowing and blood in the stool among others. The cancer may spread from the stomach to other parts of the body, particularly the liver, lungs, bones, lining of the abdomen and lymph nodes. The most common cause is infection by the bacterium "Helicobacter pylori", which accounts for more

title: The World Is What It Is

text: The World Is What It Is The World Is What It Is: The Authorized Biography of V. S. Naipaul is a biography of the Nobel Prize-winning author V. S. Naipaul by Patrick French. It was published in 2008 (by Picador in the UK and Knopf in the USA). The title is a quotation from Naipaul's book "A Bend in the River". "The world is what it is; men who are nothing, who allow themselves to become nothing, have no place in it." French deals with Naipaul's family background and his life from his birth in 1932 until his second marriage

title: What Kind of Fool

text: quoted describing Barry Gibb's contribution to this song: "He did the demo first. Barbra sang to the demo, then he came back and replaced a couple of things after he had heard what she was doing." Released as the third single from Streisand's 1980 album "Guilty", "What Kind of Fool" was the third consecutive top ten single from the album in the United States. "Woman in Love" reached number one on the "Billboard" Hot 100 chart, and the album's title track (also a duet between the two singers) reached number three, both in late 1980. "What Kind of Fool" spent

title: Squamous cell skin cancer

text: frequently utilized; considered the treatment of choice for squamous cell carcinoma of the skin, physicians have also utilized the method for the treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of the mouth, throat, and neck. An equivalent method of the CCPDMA standards can be utilized by a pathologist in the absence of a Mohs-trained physician. Radiation therapy is often used afterward in high risk cancer or patient types. Electrodessication and curettage or EDC can be done on selected squamous cell carcinoma of the skin. In areas where SCC's are known to be non-aggressive, and where the patient is not immunosuppressed, EDC can

title: Laryngeal cancer

text: Laryngeal cancer Laryngeal cancer, also known as cancer of the larynx or laryngeal carcinoma, are mostly squamous cell carcinomas, reflecting their origin from the skin of the larynx. Cancer can develop in any part of the larynx, but the cure rate is affected by the location of the tumour. For the purposes of tumour staging, the larynx is divided into three anatomical regions: the glottis (true vocal cords, anterior and posterior commissures); the supraglottis (epiglottis, arytenoids and aryepiglottic folds, and false cords); and the subglottis. Most laryngeal cancers originate in the glottis. Supraglottic cancers are less common, and subglottic tumours

title: Light skin

text: with higher risk of certain cancers. This is an active topic of cancer research and is still debated. With the increase of vitamin D synthesis, there is a decreased incidence of conditions that are related to common vitamin D deficiency conditions of people with dark skin pigmentation living in environments of low UV radiation: rickets, osteoporosis, numerous cancer types (including colon and breast cancer), and immune system malfunctioning. Vitamin D promotes the production of cathelicidin, which helps to defend humans' bodies against fungal, bacterial, and viral infections, including flu. When exposed to UVB, the entire exposed area of body’s skin