query: How did Socrates die?

title: Socrates (film)

text: demons. Socrates makes his "apology" (i.e., legal defense), but the citizens are against him; so Socrates is sentenced to death, and held in prison, awaiting execution. His disciples are desperate, and one of them, Crito, tries to help him by encouraging him to flee. Socrates rejects this idea, saying he must obey the rulers of the city. Socrates then resolves to die, and dies as soon as he is forced to drink hemlock. Socrates (film) Socrates is a 1971 Spanish-Italian-French film directed by Roberto Rossellini. After Athens falls under the government of the Thirty Tyrants, the lives of citizens are

title: The Death of Socrates

text: The Death of Socrates The Death of Socrates () is an oil on canvas painted by French painter Jacques-Louis David in 1787. The painting focuses on a classical subject like many of his works from that decade, in this case the story of the execution of Socrates as told by Plato in his "Phaedo". In this story, Socrates has been convicted of corrupting the youth of Athens and introducing strange gods, and has been sentenced to die by drinking poison hemlock. Socrates uses his death as a final lesson for his pupils rather than fleeing when the opportunity arises, and

title: Socrates

text: intellect. He lived entirely within ancient Athens, he made no writings, and died of execution by hemlock. The character of Socrates as exhibited in "Apology", "Crito", "Phaedo" and "Symposium" concurs with other sources to an extent to which it seems possible to rely on the Platonic Socrates, as demonstrated in the dialogues, as a representation of the actual Socrates as he lived in history. At the same time, however, many scholars believe that in some works, Plato, being a literary artist, pushed his avowedly brightened-up version of "Socrates" far beyond anything the historical Socrates was likely to have done or

title: Socrates

text: from prison. Xenophon and Plato agree that Socrates had an opportunity to escape, as his followers were able to bribe the prison guards. There have been several suggestions offered as reasons why he chose to stay: The full reasoning behind his refusal to flee is the main subject of the "Crito". In as much as Socrates drank hemlock willingly without complaint (having decided against fleeing), R.G. Frey (1978) has suggested in truth, Socrates chose to commit suicide. Perhaps his most important contribution to Western thought is his dialectic method of inquiry, known as the Socratic method or method of "elenchus",

title: Trial of Socrates

text: the two charges; then, consistent with common legal practice, voted to determine his punishment, and agreed to a sentence of death to be executed by Socrates’s drinking a poisonous beverage of hemlock. Primary-source accounts of the trial and execution of Socrates are the "Apology of Socrates" by Plato and the "Apology of Socrates to the Jury" by Xenophon of Athens, who had been his student; contemporary interpretations include "The Trial of Socrates" (1988) by the journalist I. F. Stone, and "Why Socrates Died: Dispelling the Myths" (2009) by the Classics scholar Robin Waterfield. Before the philosopher Socrates was tried for

title: Socrates on Trial

text: Socrates’ execution. In Socrates’ jail cell, Socrates’ best friend, Crito, and Socrates’ wife, Xanthippe, take turns trying to convince the condemned man that he should escape, something that might easily be arranged. Socrates refuses, saying that to do so would further corrupt the young, something he swore to the jury he would never do. To fulfill the order of execution, Socrates is required to drink a cup of hemlock, a type of poison. His last words, after the hemlock has begun to do its work, is that he and his friends owe a debt to Asclepius, the god of medicine.

title: Socrates

text: is one of the biggest philosophical debates when trying to determine exactly what Socrates believed. The strongest argument of those who claim Socrates did not actually believe in the idea of philosopher kings is that the view is expressed no earlier than Plato's "Republic", which is widely considered one of Plato's "Middle" dialogues and not representative of the historical Socrates's views. Furthermore, according to Plato's "Apology of Socrates", an "early" dialogue, Socrates refused to pursue conventional politics; he often stated he could not look into other's matters or tell people how to live their lives when he did not yet

title: Socrates

text: being reliant on favouring a continuation of less strict and less formal nomos law. Plato's "Apology", parts 32c to 32d, describes how Socrates and four others were summoned to the Tholos, and told by representatives of the oligarchy of the Thirty (the oligarchy began ruling in 404 BC) to go to Salamis, and from there, to return to them with Leon the Salaminian. He was to be brought back to be subsequently executed. However, Socrates returned home and did not go to Salamis as he was expected to. Socrates lived during the time of the transition from the height of

title: Socrates

text: from antiquity, though it is unclear the degree to which Socrates himself is "hidden behind his 'best disciple. Through his portrayal in Plato's dialogues, Socrates has become renowned for his contribution to the fields of ethics and epistemology. It is this who lends his name to the concepts of Socratic irony and the Socratic method, or "elenchus." Socrates exerted a strong influence on philosophers in later antiquity and in the modern era. Depictions of Socrates in art, literature and popular culture have made him one of the most widely known figures in the Western philosophical tradition. As Socrates did not

title: Socrates

text: were the philosophical or intellectual virtues. Socrates stressed that "the unexamined life is not worth living [and] ethical virtue is the only thing that matters." It is argued that Socrates believed "ideals belong in a world only the wise man can understand", making the philosopher the only type of person suitable to govern others. In Plato's dialogue the "Republic", Socrates openly objected to the democracy that ran Athens during his adult life. It was not only Athenian democracy: Socrates found short of ideal any government that did not conform to his presentation of a perfect regime led by philosophers, and

title: Socrates

text: military service. In the monologue of the "Apology", Socrates states he was active for Athens in the battles of Amphipolis, Delium, and Potidaea. In the "Symposium", Alcibiades describes Socrates's valour in the battles of Potidaea and Delium, recounting how Socrates saved his life in the former battle (219e–221b). Socrates's exceptional service at Delium is also mentioned in the "Laches" by the General after whom the dialogue is named (181b). In the "Apology," Socrates compares his military service to his courtroom troubles, and says anyone on the jury who thinks he ought to retreat from philosophy must also think soldiers should

title: Socrates on Trial

text: Socrates on Trial Socrates on Trial is a play depicting the life and death of the ancient Greek philosopher Socrates. It tells the story of how Socrates was put on trial for corrupting the youth of Athens and for failing to honour the city’s gods. The play contains adaptations of several classic Greek works: the slapstick comedy, "Clouds", written by Aristophanes and first performed in 423 BCE; the dramatic monologue, "Apology", written by Plato to record the defence speech Socrates gave at his trial; and Plato’s "Crito" and "Phaedo", two dialogues describing the events leading to Socrates’ execution in 399

title: Socrates of Constantinople

text: vol. 67 (online at documentacatholicaomnia.eu). The new critical edition of the text is edited by G. C. Hansen, and published in the series "Die Griechischen Christlichen Schriftsteller" (Berlin:Akademie Verlag) 1995. An English translation by A. C. Zenos was published in " Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers", Second Series, Vol. 2. Edited by Philip Schaff and Henry Wace. (Buffalo, NY: Christian Literature Publishing Co., 1890.) (online editions: newadvent.org ccel.orgmunseys.com . More recently (2004-2007) Socrates' History has been published in four bilingual volumes by in the "Sources Chrétiennes" collection. Socrates of Constantinople Socrates of Constantinople (, b. c. 380; d. after 439), also

title: How Democracies Die

text: "Fair Observer" called it an original contribution valuable to researchers, policy makers, and citizens. The book was awarded with the German NDR Kultur Sachbuchpreis 2018. How Democracies Die How Democracies Die is a 2018 book by Harvard University political scientists Steven Levitsky and Daniel Ziblatt about how elected leaders can gradually subvert the democratic process to increase their power. The book was on "The New York Times" Bestseller list. The book warns against the breakdown of "mutual toleration" and respect for the political legitimacy of the opposition. This toleration involves accepting the results of a free and fair election where

title: How Democracies Die

text: How Democracies Die How Democracies Die is a 2018 book by Harvard University political scientists Steven Levitsky and Daniel Ziblatt about how elected leaders can gradually subvert the democratic process to increase their power. The book was on "The New York Times" Bestseller list. The book warns against the breakdown of "mutual toleration" and respect for the political legitimacy of the opposition. This toleration involves accepting the results of a free and fair election where the opposition has won, in contrast with advocacy for overthrow or spurious complaints about the election mechanism. The authors also assert the importance of respecting

title: Socrates Chrestus

text: mentioned that he was the brother of Nicomedes IV and did not say who his mother was. When Nicomedes III died in 94 BC, the Roman senate appointed Nicomedes IV to be the king of Bithynia as his successor. However, Mithridates VI, the king of Pontus set up Socrates as a rival to Nicomedes. Mithridates gave Socrates a splendid reception and called him Chrestus (The Good). He helped Socrates to usurp the throne by giving him an army. He put Socrates on the throne even "though Socrates was of a quiet disposition and thought it right that his elder brother

title: Trial of Socrates

text: Thirty on one documented occasion. Plato’s "Apology" has the character of Socrates describe that the Thirty ordered him, along with four other men, to fetch a man named Leon from Salamis so that the Thirty could execute him. Socrates simply did not answer this order, nor had he Leon warned, while the other four men did go to Salamis to get Leon. According to the portraits left by some of Socrates' followers, Socrates himself seems to have openly espoused certain anti-democratic views, most prominent perhaps being the view that it is not majority opinion that yields correct policy but rather

title: Socrates

text: understand how to live his own. He believed he was a philosopher engaged in the pursuit of Truth, and did not claim to know it fully. Socrates's acceptance of his death sentence after his conviction can also be seen to support this view. It is often claimed much of the anti-democratic leanings are from Plato, who was never able to overcome his disgust at what was done to his teacher. In any case, it is clear Socrates thought the rule of the Thirty Tyrants was also objectionable; when called before them to assist in the arrest of a fellow Athenian,

title: Socrates

text: know that I know nothing." The statement "I know that I know nothing" is often attributed to Socrates, based on a statement in Plato's "Apology". The conventional interpretation of this is that Socrates's wisdom was limited to an awareness of his own ignorance. Socrates considered virtuousness to require or consist of "phronēsis", "thought, sense, judgement, practical wisdom, [and] prudence." Therefore, he believed that wrongdoing and behaviour that was not virtuous resulted from ignorance, and that those who did wrong knew no better. The one thing Socrates claimed to have knowledge of was "the art of love" ("ta erôtikê"). This assertion

title: Socrates

text: provoke irritation, if not outright ridicule. Socrates also questioned the Sophistic doctrine that arete (virtue) can be taught. He liked to observe that successful fathers (such as the prominent military general Pericles) did not produce sons of their own quality. Socrates argued that moral excellence was more a matter of divine bequest than parental nurture. This belief may have contributed to his lack of anxiety about the future of his own sons. Also, according to A. A. Long, "There should be no doubt that, despite his claim to know only that he knew nothing, Socrates had strong beliefs about the

title: Did Six Million Really Die?

text: Canadian Supreme Court's landmark decision "R v Zundel", when it declared that the law under which he had been charged, "reporting false news", was unconstitutional. "Did Six Million Really Die?" was banned in Germany and South Africa. In 2017 Amazon.com removed the book along with other holocaust-denying books from its US and UK sites. Did Six Million Really Die? Did Six Million Really Die? The Truth At Last is a Holocaust denial pamphlet allegedly written by British National Front member Richard Verrall under the pseudonym "Richard E. Harwood" and published in 1974 by neo-Nazi propagandist Ernst Zündel, another Holocaust denier

title: Socrates Chrestus

text: Aristonica died after nine days and he married Nysa, the daughter of Ariarathes VI of Cappadocia and, Laodice of Cappadocia, and niece of Mithridates V of Pontus. Socrates was a second son Nicomedes III had with a concubine called Hagne who was from Cyzicus. He sent Socrates and Hagne to Cyzicus with 500 talents. According to Memnon of Heraclea, instead, Nicomedes III had Nicomedes IV, with Nysa. He just mentioned Socrates without specifying whose son or brother he was. Justin mentioned Socrates only in relation to his murder, and did not specify who his parents or siblings were either. Appian

title: How Civilizations Die

text: The book consists three parts: How Civilizations Die How Civilizations Die (And Why Islam Is Dying Too) is a book written by the author and economist David P. Goldman, published on September 19, 2011 by Regnery Publishing. It discusses the declining in birthrates of both Europe and Islamic nations. In his view the decline in birthrates leads to the passive attitude of Europe, and the aggressive and violent attitude of the Islamic world, not from a stand of power, but from a point of desperate action. Most of the book is based on articles he published under the pseudonym "Spengler"

title: How Civilizations Die

text: How Civilizations Die How Civilizations Die (And Why Islam Is Dying Too) is a book written by the author and economist David P. Goldman, published on September 19, 2011 by Regnery Publishing. It discusses the declining in birthrates of both Europe and Islamic nations. In his view the decline in birthrates leads to the passive attitude of Europe, and the aggressive and violent attitude of the Islamic world, not from a stand of power, but from a point of desperate action. Most of the book is based on articles he published under the pseudonym "Spengler" on the "Asia Times" newspaper.

title: This Is How You Die

text: idea can be stretched without breaking". There are 31 stories contained within "This Is How You Die": This Is How You Die This Is How You Die: Stories of the Inscrutable, Infallible, Inescapable Machine of Death is a 2013 collection of science fiction short stories, which is a follow up anthology to the "Machine of Death", edited by Ryan North, Matthew Bennardo, and David Malki. "Kirkus Reviews" called it "(f)unny, frightening, (and) clever", while "Publishers Weekly" found it to be "fun, thoughtful, and sometimes dark". "The A.V. Club" noted the many "strikingly different perspectives" of how society would be affected

title: Socrates

text: seems to be associated with the word "erôtan", which means to ask questions. Therefore, Socrates is claiming to know about the art of love, insofar as he knows how to ask questions. The only time he actually claimed to be wise was within "Apology", in which he says he is wise "in the limited sense of having human wisdom". It is debatable whether Socrates believed humans (as opposed to gods like Apollo) could actually become wise. On the one hand, he drew a clear line between human ignorance and ideal knowledge; on the other, Plato's "Symposium" (Diotima's Speech) and "Republic"

title: Socrates

text: to each of them, to give their own interpretation of the nature of his teaching, giving rise to differing versions in each case. For example, in Aristophanes's play "The Clouds", Socrates is made into a clown of sorts, particularly inclined toward "sophistry", who teaches his students how to bamboozle their way out of debt. However, since most of Aristophanes's works function as parodies, it is presumed that his characterization in this play was also not literal. In "Phaedo", which is the only attested source describing the death of Socrates, Plato is thought to have selected and omitted details to provide

title: How to Die in Oregon

text: to produce the film as the state's law was upheld by the Supreme Court of the United States in the 2006 case Gonzales v. Oregon. "How to Die in Oregon" was well received by critics, currently holding a 100% "fresh" rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on 8 reviews. The film won the Grand Jury Prize for Documentaries at the 27th Sundance Film Festival. How to Die in Oregon How to Die in Oregon is a 2011 American documentary film produced and directed by Peter Richardson. It is set in the U.S. state of Oregon and covers the state's Death with

title: Trial of Socrates

text: moral corruption and impiety, the citizens of Athens knew him as an intellectual and moral gadfly of their society. In the comic play, "The Clouds" (423 BC), Aristophanes represents Socrates as a sophistic philosopher who teaches the young man Pheidippides how to formulate arguments that justify striking and beating his father. Despite Socrates denying he had any relation with the Sophists, the playwright indicates that Athenians associated the philosophic teachings of Socrates with Sophism. As philosophers, the Sophists were men of ambiguous reputation, “they were a set of charlatans that appeared in Greece in the fifth century BC, and earned

title: This Is How You Die

text: This Is How You Die This Is How You Die: Stories of the Inscrutable, Infallible, Inescapable Machine of Death is a 2013 collection of science fiction short stories, which is a follow up anthology to the "Machine of Death", edited by Ryan North, Matthew Bennardo, and David Malki. "Kirkus Reviews" called it "(f)unny, frightening, (and) clever", while "Publishers Weekly" found it to be "fun, thoughtful, and sometimes dark". "The A.V. Club" noted the many "strikingly different perspectives" of how society would be affected by the Machine, and lauded the book as "a celebration of creativity, exploring how impressively far one

title: How the Poor Die

text: his lungs, and a few moments later he was dead, aged 46. Controversy surrounds Sonia's activities. Some say she was at a nightclub and inaccessible. Others claim that at the end of the evening having had dinner with her friends she called the hospital and came back distraught with the news of Orwell's death. How the Poor Die "How the Poor Die" is an essay first published in 1946 in "Now" by the English author George Orwell. Orwell gives an anecdotal account of his experiences in a French public hospital which triggers a contemplation of hospital literature in the context

title: How the Poor Die

text: How the Poor Die "How the Poor Die" is an essay first published in 1946 in "Now" by the English author George Orwell. Orwell gives an anecdotal account of his experiences in a French public hospital which triggers a contemplation of hospital literature in the context of 19th-century medicine. In 1928 Orwell went to Paris for 18 months. In March 1929 he was feeling unwell and spent two weeks in the Hôpital Cochin, rue Faubourg Saint-Jacques, in the 15th arrondissement of Paris. Ill with the flu, he was treated at the hospital from 7 to 22 March 1929. While in

title: Socrates

text: the Good." The beliefs of Socrates, as distinct from those of Plato, are difficult to discern. Little in the way of concrete evidence exists to demarcate the two. The lengthy presentation of ideas given in most of the dialogues may be the ideas of Socrates himself, but which have been subsequently deformed or changed by Plato, and some scholars think Plato so adapted the Socratic style as to make the literary character and the philosopher himself impossible to distinguish. Others argue that he did have his own theories and beliefs. There is a degree of controversy inherent in the identifying

title: Did Six Million Really Die?

text: Did Six Million Really Die? Did Six Million Really Die? The Truth At Last is a Holocaust denial pamphlet allegedly written by British National Front member Richard Verrall under the pseudonym "Richard E. Harwood" and published in 1974 by neo-Nazi propagandist Ernst Zündel, another Holocaust denier and pamphleteer. The NF denied that Verrall was the author in a 1978 edition of "World in Action". In 1983, Holocaust survivor Sabina Citron began a private prosecution under s.181 of the Canadian Criminal Code against Zündel, charging him with spreading false news. She was subsequently joined in her proceedings against Zündel by the

title: Socrates Jones: Pro Philosopher

text: is revealed to be Socrates Prime, who took the first Arbiter's post after convincing him that his answer was correct) lets both him and his daughter leave The Intelligible Realm. During the credits scenes of Socrates, Ari, Kant and the other philosophers after the game's events are shown - Socrates buying a huge amount of deer repellent, Ari giving a lecture on Hobbes, Kant thinking about growing a beard and the other philosophers falling asleep from Euthyphro's preachings. "Jay Is Games" was very positive about the game, stating that it is "all about teaching you how to debate people in

title: Trial of Socrates

text: charges levelled against him by Meletus, Anytus, and Lycon, that: “Socrates is a doer of evil, and corrupter of the youth, and he does not believe in the gods of the state, and he believes in other new divinities of his own”; by split decision, five judges voted “Guilty” and five judges voted “Not guilty”, which acquitted Socrates of corruption of the young and of impiety against the Athenian pantheon. Limiting themselves to the facts of the case against Socrates, the judges did not consider any sentence; the judges who voted the philosopher guilty said that they would not have

title: Trial of Socrates

text: other exiles.” Given the availability of a hospitable host outside of Athens, Socrates, at least in a limited way, chose to remain in Athens. Thus, Waterfield suggests, Socrates’ contemporaries probably thought his remaining in Athens, even without participating in the Thirty’s bloodthirsty schemes, demonstrated his sympathy for the Thirty’s cause, not neutrality towards it. This is proved, Waterfield argues, by the fact that after the Thirty were no longer in power, anyone who had remained in Athens during their rule was encouraged to move to Eleusis, the new home of the expatriate Thirty. Socrates did oppose the will of the

title: Socrates

text: of his students. In the play, Socrates is ridiculed for his dirtiness, which is associated with the Laconizing fad; also in plays by Callias, Eupolis, and Telecleides. Other comic poets who lampooned Socrates include Mnesimachus and Ameipsias. In all of these, Socrates and the Sophists were criticized for "the moral dangers inherent in contemporary thought and literature". Plato, Xenophon, and Aristotle are the main sources for the historical Socrates; however, Xenophon and Plato were students of Socrates, and they may idealize him; however, they wrote the only extended descriptions of Socrates that have come down to us in their complete

title: Socrates

text: contradictions produce doubt as to the actual philosophical doctrines of Socrates, within his milieu and as recorded by other individuals. Aristotle, in his "Magna Moralia", refers to Socrates in words which make it patent that the doctrine "virtue is knowledge" was held by Socrates. Within the "Metaphysics", he states Socrates was occupied with the search for moral virtues, being the "first to search for universal definitions for them". The problem of understanding Socrates as a philosopher is shown in the following: In Xenophon's "Symposium", Socrates is reported as saying he devotes himself only to what he regards as the most

title: Socrates

text: be brought to remember the ideas in their pure form, thus bringing wisdom. Especially for Plato's writings referring to Socrates, it is not always clear which ideas brought forward by Socrates (or his friends) actually belonged to Socrates and which of these may have been new additions or elaborations by Plato—this is known as the Socratic Problem. Generally, the early works of Plato are considered to be close to the spirit of Socrates, whereas the later works—including "Phaedo" and "Republic"—are considered to be possibly products of Plato's elaborations. Immediately, the students of Socrates set to work both on exercising their

title: Socrates

text: of what these might have been, owing to the difficulty of separating Socrates from Plato and the difficulty of interpreting even the dramatic writings concerning Socrates. Consequently, distinguishing the philosophical beliefs of Socrates from those of Plato and Xenophon has not proven easy, so it must be remembered that what is attributed to Socrates might actually be more the specific concerns of these two thinkers instead. The matter is complicated because the historical Socrates seems to have been notorious for asking questions but not answering, claiming to lack wisdom concerning the subjects about which he questioned others. If anything in

title: Socrates

text: until his legs felt numb. After he lay down, the man who administered the poison pinched his foot; Socrates could no longer feel his legs. The numbness slowly crept up his body until it reached his heart. Socrates chose to cover his face during the execution (118 a6 Phaedo). According to "Phaedo" (61c–69e), Socrates states that "[a]ll of philosophy is training for death". Socrates's last words are thought to be ironic (C. Gill 1973), or sincere (J. Crooks 1998). Socrates speaks his last words to Crito; there are several different translations: Socrates turned down Crito's pleas to attempt an escape

title: Socrates

text: important art or occupation, that of discussing philosophy. However, in "The Clouds", Aristophanes portrays Socrates as accepting payment for teaching and running a Sophist school with Chaerephon. Also, in Plato's "Apology" and "Symposium", as well as in Xenophon's accounts, Socrates explicitly denies accepting payment for teaching. More specifically, in the "Apology", Socrates cites his poverty as proof that he is not a teacher. Two fragments are extant of the writings by Timon of Phlius pertaining to Socrates, although Timon is known to have written to ridicule and lampoon philosophy. Details about the life of Socrates are derived from both contemporary

title: How to Die in Oregon

text: How to Die in Oregon How to Die in Oregon is a 2011 American documentary film produced and directed by Peter Richardson. It is set in the U.S. state of Oregon and covers the state's Death with Dignity Act that allows terminally ill patients to self-administer barbiturates prescribed by their physician to end their own life, referred to as assisted suicide to opponents and medical aid in dying to proponents. The film was released in January 2011 at the 27th Sundance Film Festival and began airing on HBO later in the year. Peter Richardson, a native Oregonian, got the idea

title: Wilco: Learning How to Die

text: The book's title comes from a lyric of Wilco's "War on War", which appears on their 2002 album "Yankee Hotel Foxtrot". It was published on June 15, 2004 by Broadway Books. The book received positive reviews from outlets such as "The New York Times". Wilco: Learning How to Die Wilco: Learning How to Die (2004, ) is a book by "Chicago Tribune" rock critic Greg Kot. The book was written with the cooperation of Wilco band members past and present. It covers the time period from when Wilco singer Jeff Tweedy was born, through the formation and breakup of Uncle

title: Wilco: Learning How to Die

text: Wilco: Learning How to Die Wilco: Learning How to Die (2004, ) is a book by "Chicago Tribune" rock critic Greg Kot. The book was written with the cooperation of Wilco band members past and present. It covers the time period from when Wilco singer Jeff Tweedy was born, through the formation and breakup of Uncle Tupelo, and the career of Wilco through their 2004 album "A Ghost Is Born". It is primarily written as an oral history, featuring interviews with Tweedy, John Stirratt, and other Wilco members, as well as manager Tony Margherita and Uncle Tupelo drummer Mike Heidorn.

title: How Did This Get Made?

text: has hosted episodes of its own spin-off podcast "How Did This Get Made? Origin Stories" in which Blake Harris interviews people involved with the films covered by the main show. In December 2017, an episode was recorded for the Pee Cast Blast event, and released exclusively on Stitcher Premium. How Did This Get Made? How Did This Get Made? (HDTGM) is a podcast on the Earwolf network. It is hosted by Paul Scheer, June Diane Raphael and Jason Mantzoukas. Each show, which typically has a different guest, features the deconstruction and mockery of outlandish and bad films. The hosts and

title: How the Poor Die

text: poultice. In the ward he notes the indifference of the staff to their patients, in particular when they are used as case studies for medical training. The death of "numero 57" sets Orwell wondering how lucky it is to die a natural death, or rather, as he thinks at the time of writing, and as he thought then, if is it better to die violently and not too old. Orwell sees his experiences in the French hospital, and in a Spanish hospital, in stark contrast to the care he received in an English cottage hospital. Orwell gives a historical background

title: Socrates

text: and lack of reliability serves as the modern basis of criticism—that it is nearly impossible to know the real Socrates. Some controversy also exists about Socrates's attitude towards homosexuality and as to whether or not he believed in the Olympian gods, was monotheistic, or held some other religious viewpoint. However, it is still commonly taught and held with little exception that Socrates is the progenitor of subsequent Western philosophy, to the point that philosophers before him are referred to as pre-Socratic. Socrates Socrates (; , ; – 399 BC) was a classical Greek (Athenian) philosopher credited as one of the

title: Socrates

text: Socrates Drank the Conium) to numerous busts in academic institutions in recognition of his contribution to education. Over the past century, numerous plays about Socrates have also focused on Socrates's life and influence. One of the most recent has been "Socrates on Trial", a play based on Aristophanes's "Clouds" and Plato's "Apology", "Crito", and "Phaedo", all adapted for modern performance. Evaluation of and reaction to Socrates has been undertaken by both historians and philosophers from the time of his death to the present day with a multitude of conclusions and perspectives. Although he was not directly prosecuted for his connection

title: Socrates

text: form. Aristotle refers frequently, but in passing, to Socrates in his writings. Almost all of Plato's works center on Socrates. However, Plato's later works appear to be more his own philosophy put into the mouth of his mentor. The "Socratic Dialogues" are a series of dialogues written by Plato and Xenophon in the form of discussions between Socrates and other persons of his time, or as discussions between Socrates's followers over his concepts. Plato's "Phaedo" is an example of this latter category. Although his "Apology" is a monologue delivered by Socrates, it is usually grouped with the Dialogues. The "Apology"

title: Socrates

text: voice would be classified under the "Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders" as a command hallucination. Socrates practiced and advocated divination. Xenophon was thought skilled at foretelling from sacrifices, and attributed many of his knowledges to Socrates within his writing "The Cavalry Commander". He was prominently lampooned in Aristophanes's comedy "The Clouds", produced when Socrates was in his mid-forties; he said at his trial (according to Plato) that the laughter of the theater was a harder task to answer than the arguments of his accusers. Søren Kierkegaard believed this play was a more accurate representation of Socrates than those

title: Did Six Million Really Die?

text: Six Million Really Die?" does not fit with received views of reality because it is not part of reality. Although in the end he was not required to give evidence, the historian Hugh Trevor-Roper offered to give evidence, stating that "behind a simulated objectivity of expression, it is in fact an irresponsible and tendentious publication which avoids material evidence and presents selected half-truths and distortions for the sole purpose of sowing anti-Semitic propaganda". Anthony Hancock re-published "Did Six Million Really Die?" and made a significant amount of money from doing so, to the point where he was sued for royalties

title: Socrates programme

text: Socrates programme The SOCRATES programme was an educational initiative of the European Commission; 31 countries took part. The initial Socrates programme ran from 1994 until 31 December 1999 when it was replaced by the Socrates II programme on 24 January 2000, which ran until 2006. This, in turn, was replaced by the Lifelong Learning Programme 2007–2013. The countries participating in the programme were the then 25 European Union countries, the then candidate countries Romania and Bulgaria; Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway and Turkey. The programme is named after the Greek philosopher Socrates. Within the Socrates programme, funded by the European Union Directorates-General:

title: Socrates (Voltaire)

text: Socrates (Voltaire) Socrates () is a 1759 French play in three acts written by Voltaire. It is set in Ancient Greece during the events just before the trial and death of Greek philosopher Socrates. It is heavy with satire specifically at government authority and organized religion. The main characters besides the titular role is that of the priest Anitus, his entourage, Socrates' wife Xantippe, several judges, and some children Socrates has adopted as his own. Like more historical accounts by Herodotus, Plato, and Xenophon, the playwright shows Socrates as a moral individual charged with baseless accusations by a conspiracy of

title: How Did This Get Made?

text: This is often referenced in "How Did This Get Made", often by Jason and June, annoyed at how they hadn't been invited to host this new podcast, instead being subjected to the bad films that HDTGM cover. The show is released every two weeks. During the show's off week, a ".5" episode is uploaded featuring Scheer announcing the next week's movie as well as challenges for the fans. In addition to the shows and mini-shows, the "How Did This Get Made?" stream hosted the first three episodes of Casey Wilson and Danielle Schneider's "Bitch Sesh" podcast in December 2015. It

title: Socrates Jones: Pro Philosopher

text: the player meets more recent figures. Lastly, if the player makes too many mistakes, their credibility meter depletes. When Socrates loses all of his credibility, a game over screen appears and the player has to restart the round. The music mimics that of the Ace Attorney series, with simple repeating motifs that gradually increase their sense of urgency as the player inches toward victory. The game starts with accountant Socrates Jones describing how his entire family is interested in philosophy, except for himself, wondering "Why should I care about the nature of right and wrong?" In the first scene, his

title: The Death of Socrates

text: first trip to Rome that he began to study the depiction of funerary scenes and to draw many examples. Many of David's major works stem from these funerary drawings. In this painting, David examines a philosopher's approach to death. Socrates is stoic and calm because he sees death as a separate, actual realm, a different state of being from life but not an end to being. In fact, in Phaedo, Socrates seems more concerned with how Crito will handle his death than with his own well-being. In the painting, Socrates's gesture shows us that he is still teaching, even in

title: Socrates (sculpture)

text: Socrates (sculpture) Socrates is an outdoor sculpture by artist W. V. Casey created c. 1950. The work is on the grounds of Butler University in Indianapolis, Indiana, United States. The sculpture depicts the Greek Athenian philosopher Socrates. In 1993 the sculpture was examined by the Save Outdoor Sculpture! program produced by the Smithsonian Institution. A bronze sculpture placed on a limestone tablet (104 x 48 x 10 in.), "Socrates" is a portrait mask of the Greek Athenian philosopher Socrates. He is depicted as being bald and with a beard. To the lower left of the beard is engraved: W.V. CASEY

title: Why Did You Let My Kitten Die?

text: The song also features on the mini-album "The End Of A Beautiful Career". Why Did You Let My Kitten Die? "Why Did You Let My Kitten Die?" is a song by Angelica, released as the band's second single. It had a limited release of 1000 copies on Fantastic Plastic Records and was voted Alternative Record of the Year by BBC Radio 1's "Evening Session" audience. The title track is a reference to the 1961 film "Whistle Down the Wind", in which a group of children believe an escaped convict to be Jesus. The children give him a kitten to protect

title: Why Did You Let My Kitten Die?

text: Why Did You Let My Kitten Die? "Why Did You Let My Kitten Die?" is a song by Angelica, released as the band's second single. It had a limited release of 1000 copies on Fantastic Plastic Records and was voted Alternative Record of the Year by BBC Radio 1's "Evening Session" audience. The title track is a reference to the 1961 film "Whistle Down the Wind", in which a group of children believe an escaped convict to be Jesus. The children give him a kitten to protect but when the kitten dies they question whether he is who they believe.

title: Socrates

text: Xenophon and Aristotle, alongside some of Aristophanes's work (especially "The Clouds"), is useful in fleshing out a perception of Socrates beyond Plato's work. According to one source, the name (), has the meaning "whole, unwounded, safe" (the part of the name corresponding to , ) and "power" (the part of the name corresponding to , ). The problem with discerning Socrates's philosophical views stems from the perception of contradictions in statements made by the "Socrates" in the different dialogues of Plato; and in later dialogues Plato used the character Socrates to give voice to views that were his own. These

title: Socrates

text: a fortune, if he chose to practice the art of pandering. For his part as a philosophical interlocutor, he leads his respondent to a clearer conception of wisdom, although he claims he is not himself a teacher ("Apology"). His role, he claims, is more properly to be understood as analogous to a "midwife" (μαῖα "maia"). In the "Theaetetus", Socrates explains that he is himself barren of theories, but knows how to bring the theories of others to birth and determine whether they are worthy or mere "wind eggs" (ἀνεμιαῖον "anemiaion"). Perhaps significantly, he points out that midwives are barren due

title: Socrates

text: write a satirical play about the trial of Socrates. There were a number of paintings about his life including "Socrates Tears Alcibiades from the Embrace of Sensual Pleasure" by Jean-Baptiste Regnault and "The Death of Socrates" by Jacques-Louis David in the later 18th century. To this day, different versions of the Socratic method are still used in classroom and law school discourse to expose underlying issues in both subject and the speaker. He has been recognized with accolades ranging from frequent mentions in pop culture (such as the movie "Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure" and a Greek rock band called

title: Socrates

text: both medieval Europe and the Islamic Middle East alongside those of Aristotle and Stoicism. Socrates is mentioned in the dialogue Kuzari by Jewish philosopher and rabbi Yehuda Halevi in which a Jew instructs the Khazar king about Judaism. Al-Kindi, a well-known Arabic philosopher, introduced and tried to reconcile Socrates and Hellenistic philosophy to an Islamic audience, referring to him by the name 'Suqrat'. Socrates influence grew in Western Europe during the fourteenth century as Plato's dialogues were made available in Latin by Marsilio Ficino and Xenophon's Socratic writings were translated by Basilios Bessarion. Voltaire even went so far as to

title: Socrates

text: "apotreptikos") inner voice Socrates heard only when he was about to make a mistake. It was this "sign" that prevented Socrates from entering into politics. In the "Phaedrus", we are told Socrates considered this to be a form of "divine madness", the sort of insanity that is a gift from the gods and gives us poetry, mysticism, love, and even philosophy itself. Alternately, the "sign" is often taken to be what we would call "intuition"; however, Socrates's characterization of the phenomenon as "daimōnic" may suggest that its origin is divine, mysterious, and independent of his own thoughts. Today, such a

title: Socrates

text: and his city—even during times of war—is by being loyal to, and by speaking publicly about, the truth." In the Dialogues of Plato, though Socrates sometimes seems to support a mystical side, discussing reincarnation and the mystery religions, this is generally attributed to Plato. Regardless, this view of Socrates cannot be dismissed out of hand, as we cannot be sure of the differences between the views of Plato and Socrates; in addition, there seem to be some corollaries in the works of Xenophon. In the culmination of the philosophic path as discussed in Plato's "Symposium", one comes to the Sea

title: Socrates

text: 2008 play "Socrates on Trial" by Andrew David Irvine. Irvine argues that it was because of his loyalty to Athenian democracy that Socrates was willing to accept the verdict of his fellow citizens. As Irvine puts it, "During a time of war and great social and intellectual upheaval, Socrates felt compelled to express his views openly, regardless of the consequences. As a result, he is remembered today, not only for his sharp wit and high ethical standards, but also for his loyalty to the view that in a democracy the best way for a man to serve himself, his friends,

title: Socrates

text: they knew very little and were not wise at all. Socrates realized the Oracle was correct; while so-called wise men thought themselves wise and yet were not, he himself knew he was not wise at all, which, paradoxically, made him the wiser one since he was the only person aware of his own ignorance. Socrates's paradoxical wisdom made the prominent Athenians he publicly questioned look foolish, turning them against him and leading to accusations of wrongdoing. Socrates defended his role as a gadfly until the end: at his trial, when Socrates was asked to propose his own punishment, he suggested

title: Socrates

text: been the cause of his execution. According to Plato's "Apology", Socrates's life as the "gadfly" of Athens began when his friend Chaerephon asked the oracle at Delphi if anyone were wiser than Socrates; the Oracle responded that no-one was wiser. Socrates believed the Oracle's response was not correct, because he believed he possessed no wisdom whatsoever. He proceeded to test the riddle by approaching men considered wise by the people of Athens—statesmen, poets, and artisans—in order to refute the Oracle's pronouncement. Questioning them, however, Socrates concluded: while each man thought he knew a great deal and was wise, in fact

title: Socrates

text: offenses to the city was his position as a social and moral critic. Rather than upholding a status quo and accepting the development of what he perceived as immorality within his region, Socrates questioned the collective notion of "might makes right" that he felt was common in Greece during this period. Plato refers to Socrates as the "gadfly" of the state (as the gadfly stings the horse into action, so Socrates stung various Athenians), insofar as he irritated some people with considerations of justice and the pursuit of goodness. His attempts to improve the Athenians's sense of justice may have

title: Socrates

text: was a tradition in antiquity, not credited by modern scholarship, that Socrates crafted the statues of the Charites, which stood near the Acropolis until the 2nd century AD. Xenophon reports that because youths were not allowed to enter the Agora, they used to gather in workshops surrounding it. Socrates frequented these shops in order to converse with the merchants. Most notable among them was Simon the Shoemaker. For a time, Socrates fulfilled the role of hoplite, participating in the Peloponnesian War—a conflict which stretched intermittently over a period spanning 431 to 404 BC. Several of Plato's dialogues refer to Socrates's

title: Socrates

text: was born not very much later than sometime after the year 471, his date of birth is within the period of years ranging 470 to 469 BC, or within a range 469 to 468 BC (corresponding to the fourth year of the 77th Olympiad). Socrates was born in Alopeke, and belonged to the tribe Antiochis. His father was Sophroniscus, a sculptor, or stonemason. His mother was a midwife named Phaenarete. Socrates married Xanthippe, who is especially remembered for having an undesirable temperament. She bore for him three sons, Lamprocles, Sophroniscus and Menexenus. Socrates first worked as a stonemason, and there

title: Socrates

text: said. Also, Xenophon, being an historian, is a more reliable witness to the historical Socrates. It is a matter of much debate over which Socrates it is whom Plato is describing at any given point—the historical figure, or Plato's fictionalization. As British philosopher Martin Cohen has put it, "Plato, the idealist, offers an idol, a master figure, for philosophy. A Saint, a prophet of 'the Sun-God', a teacher condemned for his teachings as a heretic." It is also clear from other writings and historical artefacts, that Socrates was not simply a character, nor an invention, of Plato. The testimony of

title: Socrates

text: own time and place. A corollary of this is that sources that do mention Socrates do not necessarily claim to be historically accurate, and are often partisan. For instance, those who prosecuted and convicted Socrates have left no testament. Historians therefore face the challenge of reconciling the various evidence from the extant texts in order to attempt an accurate and consistent account of Socrates's life and work. The result of such an effort is not necessarily realistic, even if consistent. Two factors emerge from all sources pertaining to the character of Socrates: that he was ugly, and had a brilliant

title: Socrates

text: write down any of his teachings, secondary sources provide the only information on his life and thought. The sometimes contradictory nature of these sources is known as the "Socratic problem", or "the Socratic question". Plato and Xenophon's dialogues provide the main source of information on Socrates's life and thought. These writings are the "Sokratikoi logoi", or Socratic dialogues, which consist of reports of conversations apparently involving Socrates. As for discovering the real-life Socrates, the difficulty is that ancient sources are mostly philosophical or dramatic texts, apart from Xenophon. There are no straightforward histories, contemporary with Socrates, that dealt with his

title: Socrates

text: Socrates Socrates (; , ; – 399 BC) was a classical Greek (Athenian) philosopher credited as one of the founders of Western philosophy, and as being the first moral philosopher, of the Western ethical tradition of thought. An enigmatic figure, he made no writings, and is known chiefly through the accounts of classical writers writing after his lifetime, particularly his students Plato and Xenophon. Other sources include the contemporaneous Antisthenes, Aristippus, and Aeschines of Sphettos. Aristophanes, a playwright, is the only source to have written during his lifetime. Plato's dialogues are among the most comprehensive accounts of Socrates to survive

title: Socrates of Achaea

text: Socrates of Achaea Socrates (c. 436 BC – 401 BC) was a Greek mercenary general from Achaea who traveled to Persia to fight at the Battle of Cunaxa. Xenophon describes him as brave in war and a reliable friend. Socrates was summoned by Cyrus, with whom he was already connected, to bring as many troops as he could muster under the pretense that Cyrus intended to attack Tissaphernes. Socrates had previously been besieging Miletus alongside Pasion the Megarian. Socrates brought Cyrus about 500 Hoplites. Socrates and the other troops were only later told that Cyrus intended to seize the Persian

title: Socrates Cafe

text: wishes to attend, and Socratically explores a question which is chosen by vote or which is announced shortly in advance. Typically there are no prerequisites, and no reading or other preparation is required. Janet Sisson, a philosophy professor at Mount Royal College, has questioned the appropriateness of identifying the methods and goals practiced by Phillips with those of the historical Socrates: "...the background for this enterprise [Socrates Café] is very different from that for the conversations of Socrates. Plato uses the figure of Socrates as a way of introducing the idea of intellectual discussion in order to promote the pursuit

title: Socrates programme

text: Education and Culture (DG EAC), Information Society and Media (DG INFSO) and the EuropeAid Cooperation Office (DG AIDCO), the promotion and learning of languages is a high priority. Below is a short list of some funded projects: Socrates programme The SOCRATES programme was an educational initiative of the European Commission; 31 countries took part. The initial Socrates programme ran from 1994 until 31 December 1999 when it was replaced by the Socrates II programme on 24 January 2000, which ran until 2006. This, in turn, was replaced by the Lifelong Learning Programme 2007–2013. The countries participating in the programme were

title: Project Socrates

text: digital data provided a bird's-eye, holistic view of all forms of competition worldwide. Project Socrates identified five key mental shifts which had to take place in order to restore the United States' competitive edge: Project Socrates Project Socrates was a classified U.S. Defense Intelligence Agency program established in 1983 within the Reagan administration. It was founded and directed by physicist Michael C. Sekora to determine why the United States was unable to maintain economic competitiveness—and to rectify the situation. According to Project Socrates: [B]ird’s eye view of competition went far beyond, in terms of scope and completeness, the extremely narrow

title: Project Socrates

text: Project Socrates Project Socrates was a classified U.S. Defense Intelligence Agency program established in 1983 within the Reagan administration. It was founded and directed by physicist Michael C. Sekora to determine why the United States was unable to maintain economic competitiveness—and to rectify the situation. According to Project Socrates: [B]ird’s eye view of competition went far beyond, in terms of scope and completeness, the extremely narrow slices of data that were available to the professors, professional economists, and consultants that addressed the issue of competitiveness. The conclusions that the Socrates team derived about competitiveness in general and about the U.S.

title: Socrates (film)

text: Socrates (film) Socrates is a 1971 Spanish-Italian-French film directed by Roberto Rossellini. After Athens falls under the government of the Thirty Tyrants, the lives of citizens are no longer safe. The philosopher Socrates, meanwhile, continues his so-called philosophical "preaching", gathering more and more young disciples. The youth of Athens like Socrates, although the conservatives, such as the comedian Aristophanes, ridicule him, believing him to be one of the sophists. His enemies, led by a young man named Meletus, accuse him in court, arguing that the philosopher preaches crazy doctrines to the youth, and does not believe in the gods, but

title: Socrates Schools

text: for the new elementary building in Laval, then further research will be done to make this future project possible. Socrates Schools Socrates-Demosthenes School (École Socrates-Démosthene) (Σχολείο Σωκράτης-Δημοσθένης) (www.socdem.org) is an elementary school in the province of Quebec that serves students in Greater Montreal while also servicing the members of the Hellenic Community of Greater Montreal. Founded in 1909, the school offers a trilingual program (French, Greek and English), and while following the curriculum provided by MELS, it also teaches aspects of Greek history and culture according to the pedagogical program provided by the Ministry of Education of Greece. Socrates and

title: Socrates Schools

text: Socrates Schools Socrates-Demosthenes School (École Socrates-Démosthene) (Σχολείο Σωκράτης-Δημοσθένης) (www.socdem.org) is an elementary school in the province of Quebec that serves students in Greater Montreal while also servicing the members of the Hellenic Community of Greater Montreal. Founded in 1909, the school offers a trilingual program (French, Greek and English), and while following the curriculum provided by MELS, it also teaches aspects of Greek history and culture according to the pedagogical program provided by the Ministry of Education of Greece. Socrates and Demosthenes Primary School has six campuses in greater Montreal to better serve all students and the Greek community alike:

title: VTech Socrates

text: Kid systems, the Socrates was phased out after only a few years. Today, it is considered rare, although attempts to emulate the system proceed as part of the MESS project. VTech Socrates The VTech Socrates is an educational video game console released in 1988 by VTech. The console features a robot character Socrates, named after the philosopher. The character is visually similar to Johnny Five from the Short Circuit movies. The system features standard wireless controllers that communicated via infrared reception. In Germany, the system was sold by "Yeno" under the name "Prof. Weiss-Alles" [sic]. Many games cartridges were available

title: VTech Socrates

text: VTech Socrates The VTech Socrates is an educational video game console released in 1988 by VTech. The console features a robot character Socrates, named after the philosopher. The character is visually similar to Johnny Five from the Short Circuit movies. The system features standard wireless controllers that communicated via infrared reception. In Germany, the system was sold by "Yeno" under the name "Prof. Weiss-Alles" [sic]. Many games cartridges were available for the Socrates including: "Facts 'N Fractions", "State to State", "Memory Mania", "Around the World", "Hodge-Podge", "Game Wizard" and "Amazing Mazes". Alongside this, other cartridges became available with different functions,

title: How Did I Get Here?

text: compilation album. How Did I Get Here? How Did I Get Here? is a 1999 compilation album by Badly Drawn Boy. The album was created for American and Japanese audiences who were yet to be exposed to the artist. The album contains many tracks from his fourth and fifth Eps and the entire CD version of his third EP, "EP 3". The album features the one of only two CD versions of Badly Drawn Boy's fourth single ""Whirlpool"", an instrumental featuring production by Andy Votel which was only released on vinyl with a limited pressing; the other being on a

title: How Did I Get Here?

text: How Did I Get Here? How Did I Get Here? is a 1999 compilation album by Badly Drawn Boy. The album was created for American and Japanese audiences who were yet to be exposed to the artist. The album contains many tracks from his fourth and fifth Eps and the entire CD version of his third EP, "EP 3". The album features the one of only two CD versions of Badly Drawn Boy's fourth single ""Whirlpool"", an instrumental featuring production by Andy Votel which was only released on vinyl with a limited pressing; the other being on a Twisted Nerve

title: How Did This Get Made?

text: How Did This Get Made? How Did This Get Made? (HDTGM) is a podcast on the Earwolf network. It is hosted by Paul Scheer, June Diane Raphael and Jason Mantzoukas. Each show, which typically has a different guest, features the deconstruction and mockery of outlandish and bad films. The hosts and guest make jokes about the films as well as attempt to unscramble plots. After discussing the film, Scheer reads "second opinions" in the form of five-star reviews posted online by Amazon.com users. The hosts also often make recommendations on if the film is worth watching. The show is released

title: Trial of Socrates

text: considered the death penalty for Socrates. Trial of Socrates The trial of Socrates (399 BC) was held to determine the philosopher’s guilt of two charges: "asebeia" (impiety) against the pantheon of Athens, and corruption of the youth of the city-state; the accusers cited two impious acts by Socrates: “failing to acknowledge the gods that the city acknowledges” and “introducing new deities”. The death sentence of Socrates was the legal consequence of asking politico-philosophic questions of his students, from which resulted the two accusations of moral corruption and of impiety. At trial, the majority of the "dikasts" (male-citizen jurors chosen by

title: Trial of Socrates

text: that the death of Socrates was an act of volition motivated by a greater purpose; Socrates “saw himself as healing the City’s ills by his voluntary death”. That Socrates, with his unconventional methods of intellectual enquiry, attempted to resolve the political confusion then occurring in the city-state of Athens, by willingly being the scapegoat, whose death would quiet old disputes, which then would allow progress towards political harmony and social peace for the Athenian polis. In "The New Trial of Socrates" (2012), an international panel of ten judges held a mock re-trial of Socrates to resolve the matter of the

title: Socrates the Younger

text: Pythagoreanism. Socrates the Younger Socrates the Younger (Greek: Σωκράτης ὁ νεώτερος, "Sōkrátēs ho neōteros", c. 415 – 4th century BCE) was an ancient Athenian philosopher. Ancient texts suggest that he was a young student of the elder Socrates and later a cohort of Plato. He is best remembered for his depiction in Plato's "Statesman", and scholars have suggested that he had ties to Academic and Pythagorean philosophy. Little is known of Socrates the Younger's life, although several clues from the writing of Plato have led scholars to posit his significance in the later circle of the elder Socrates and the

title: Socrates the Younger

text: Socrates the Younger Socrates the Younger (Greek: Σωκράτης ὁ νεώτερος, "Sōkrátēs ho neōteros", c. 415 – 4th century BCE) was an ancient Athenian philosopher. Ancient texts suggest that he was a young student of the elder Socrates and later a cohort of Plato. He is best remembered for his depiction in Plato's "Statesman", and scholars have suggested that he had ties to Academic and Pythagorean philosophy. Little is known of Socrates the Younger's life, although several clues from the writing of Plato have led scholars to posit his significance in the later circle of the elder Socrates and the early

title: How the Poor Die

text: work revolved around the unemployed, tramps and beggars – reworked it between summer 1940 and spring 1941, – submitted it to "Horizon" – but it was rejected – possibly because readers would have been unwilling to read about 'how the poor die' at such a time – and finally, a section retyped and then published in "Now", a magazine established by George Woodcock, in November 1946. Orwell recounts a tale based on his experiences in a public funded hospital in Paris. The various reception procedures and treatments he receives for pneumonia include bureaucracy, a bath, cupping therapy and a mustard

title: Socrates

text: Socrates refused and narrowly escaped death before the Tyrants were overthrown. He did, however, fulfill his duty to serve as "Prytanis" when a trial of a group of Generals who presided over a disastrous naval campaign were judged; even then, he maintained an uncompromising attitude, being one of those who refused to proceed in a manner not supported by the laws, despite intense pressure. Judging by his actions, he considered the rule of the Thirty Tyrants less legitimate than the Democratic Senate that sentenced him to death. Socrates's apparent respect for democracy is one of the themes emphasized in the

title: Socrates

text: A. Havelock, on the other hand, did not accept the view that Socrates's view was identical with that of Archelaus, in large part due to the reason of such anomalies "and" contradictions that have surfaced and "post-dated his death." Many of the beliefs traditionally attributed to the historical Socrates have been characterized as "paradoxical" because they seem to conflict with common sense. The following are among the so-called Socratic paradoxes: The term, "Socratic paradox" can also refer to a self-referential paradox, originating in Socrates's utterance, "what I do not know I do not think I know", often paraphrased as "I

title: How the Poor Die

text: of how hospital wards began as casual wards 'for lepers and the like to die in' and became places for medical students to learn using the bodies of the poor. In the 19th century, surgery was viewed as a form of sadism, and dissection was only possible with the aid of body-snatchers. Orwell dwells on the literature of medicine in the 19th century, when doctors were given names such as Slasher and Fillgrave, and he particularly recalls "In the Children's Hospital: Emmie" (1880), a work by Tennyson. All this accounts for the surviving dread of hospitals among the poor and

title: Socrates Cafe

text: and Legal Studies at the University of Delaware, writes in "Democratic Education Stretched Thin: How Complexity Challenges a Liberal Ideal (2007)," that "one can...only applaud the efforts initiated by Christopher Phillips... In very much an extra-academic (but not anti-academic) spirit, Phillips has inspired individuals to create in their own communities voluntary groups who convene to discuss philosophical questions they themselves have chosen." "(p. 146)" Blacker considers the Socrates cafe endeavor to be a critical effort for evolving a democracy, the essential function and mission of which to him is for its citizens "to think for themselves about the lives they

title: Did Six Million Really Die?

text: government of Ontario. The Supreme Court concluded in the 1988 trial that "The pamphlet "Did Six Million Really Die?" does not fit with received views of reality because it is not part of reality." In the work, Verrall doubts the Holocaust death toll, criticising the claim which says that "no less than six million Jews exterminated" in concentration camps. The booklet targets various war crime trials, the best known of these being the Nuremberg trials and the Adolf Eichmann trial, criticising their legal integrity and the standards of evidence presented, as well as the impartiality and objectivity of the judges.