title: Extraglandular Manifestations of Sjögren’s Syndrome (SS): Dermatologic, Arthritic, Endocrine, Pulmonary, Cardiovascular, Gastroenterology, Renal, Urology, and Gynecologic Manifestations

text: Primary Sjögren’s syndrome (1° SS) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by dry eyes (keratoconjunctivitis sicca) and dry mouth due to lymphocytic infiltrates of lacrimal and salivary glands. However, SS also affects many extraglandular systems. In SS patients, the pattern of extraglandular manifestations may have a close similarity with the vasculitic features seen in SLE patients that are mediated by immune complexes and complement. However, SS patients also have an increased frequency of lymphocytic infiltration into extraglandular tissues, as might be expected by their increased frequency of lymphoma in comparison to SLE patients. For example, SS patients need to be evaluated for interstitial nephritis (in contrast to the glomerulonephritis of SLE) or interstitial pneumonitis (in comparison to pleurisy of SLE). This chapter will focus on the clinical extraglandular manifestations of primary SS that are not specifically covered in other chapters. These extraglandular manifestations have led to a recently introduced “disease activity” and “organ damage index.” The recognition of these extraglandular manifestations is important since they have prognostic and therapeutic implications. The differential diagnosis of these extraglandular manifestations includes overlapping features with other autoimmune diseases (particularly systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), scleroderma, dermatomyositis, celiac sprue, and small- and medium-sized vessel vasculitis), infectious diseases that mimic autoimmune disease (particularly hepatitis C, HIV, syphilis, tuberculosis), and predisposition to drug toxicities that may involve extraglandular organs (particularly skin rashes, nephritis, pneumonitis, myositis, and hematopoietic abnormalities).


title: Sicherheitspolitische Bedrohungen und Risiken und das „geltende“ Recht in der 2. Hälfte des 2. Jahrzehnts des 21. Jahrhunderts unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Sicherstellungs- und Vorsorgegesetze. Sicherheitspolitik in Zeiten der Uneindeutigkeit

text: Das Grundgesetz (GG) kennt klare Regelungen zum Spannungs- und Verteidigungsfall, vgl. nur Art. 80a, 115a Abs. 1 GG. Diese Bestimmungen wurden unter den Bedrohungslagen des Kalten Krieges und seiner gefährlichsten Tage in der Kuba- Krise in einer Notstandsverfassung zusammengefasst, bei einer großen Wintex-Übung im Ausweichsitz der Verfassungsorgane in Mariental erprobt und von der ersten großen Koalition „verabschiedet“ (1966–1969, Kabinett Kiesinger/Brandt). Veränderungen folgten.


title: Akute Störungen der Atmung: spezielle Krankheitsbilder

text: Postoperative respiratorische Insuffizienz, Rippenserienfrakturen, Lungenkontusion, akutes Lungenversagen, pulmonale Aspiration von Magensaft, Pneumonie und akut dekompensierte COPD gehören zu den häufigsten Erkrankungen, die eine intensivmedizinische Behandlung mit apparativer Unterstützung der Atmung erfordern. Bei schwersten Formen – v. a. bei ARDS – ist ein erheblicher apparativer und personeller Aufwand erforderlich, nicht selten trotz aller Maßnahmen mit tödlichem Ausgang.


Volume 4 Isolated Compounds (N-S)


title: Life Cycle and Life History Strategies of Parasitic Crustacea

text: Different parasitic life strategies are described including four new life cycles: complex rebrooding, micro-male, mesoparasite and prey-predator transfer. Four new life cycle behaviours are named: nursery hiding, mid-moult stage, positive precursor (intraspecific antagonism) and negative precursor (ambush strategy). Further strategies discussed are opossum attack, double parasitism (doubling of the normal reproductive set), duplex arrangement (separated male-female pairs), simple rebrooding, and describing how displaced parasites and superinfections may partly elucidate life cycles. Proportional stunting masks life history effects of parasitism; cuckoo copepods are true parasites and not just associates; burrowing barnacles (acrothoracicans) are not parasites. Further findings based on life cycle information: branchiurans and pentastomes are possibly not related; firefly seed shrimp are not parasites; copepod pre-adult life cycle stages are common in the western pacific but rare in Caribbean; harpacticoids on vertebrates are not parasites; cuckoo copepods are true parasites; explained the importance of pennellid intermediate hosts. Crustacean parasite life cycles are largely unknown (1% of species). Most crustacean life cycles represent minor modifications from the ancestral free-living mode. Crustacean parasites have less complex and less modified life cycles than other major parasite groups. This limits their exploitation of, and effectiveness, in parasitism. However, these life cycles will be an advantage in Global Change. Most metazoan parasites will be eliminated while crustaceans (and nematodes) will inherit the new world of parasites.


title: The Way Forward: The Power of Diversity

text: This chapter wraps up the discussion of all chapters by incorporating perspectives of JICA practitioners. We can advance the human security practice in the three dimensions: national, regional, and global. In the national dimension, capacity development and empowerment will play a key role. In the regional dimension, the diversity of “ASEAN Plus Three” can be the source of dynamic community formation in East Asia. In the global dimension, human security can effectively supplement the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by means of its emphasis on risks and vulnerability. Finally, the entanglement of human security and responsibility to protest (R2P) is discussed. Making much of national ownership and dignity, human security is expected to reinforce its influence in East Asia and worldwide.


title: Emerging Diseases from Animals

text: December 2013, an outbreak of the deadly Ebola virus began in a small village in southern Guinea, the first outbreak of the Zaire Ebola strain in West Africa. Within a year’s time, the outbreak, which was not officially noticed by health authorities until March 2014, had led to approximately 18,000 known human cases and 6,300 deaths, posing an unprecedented challenge to global public health. Air travel helped the disease leap from West Africa to other continents, including North America and Europe.


title: Inpatient Medicine

text: This chapter covers all aspects of inpatient care including emergency room evaluation, ongoing care in a standard medical unit, and care of the patient in the intensive care unit. The format consists of clinical vignettes with questions pertaining to diagnosis and treatments. There is an emphasis on actual complex cases and practical solutions supported by current evidence. Psychiatry, Neurology, General Internal Medicine, and its subspecialties are reviewed in this section.


title: Platforms for Plant-Based Protein Production

text: Plant molecular farming depends on a diversity of plant systems for production of useful recombinant proteins. These proteins include protein biopolymers, industrial proteins and enzymes, and therapeutic proteins. Plant production systems include microalgae, cells, hairy roots, moss, and whole plants with both stable and transient expression. Production processes involve a narrowing diversity of bioreactors for cell, hairy root, microalgae, and moss cultivation. For whole plants, both field and automated greenhouse cultivation methods are used with products expressed and produced either in leaves or seeds. Many successful expression systems now exist for a variety of different products with a list of increasingly successful commercialized products. This chapter provides an overview and examples of the current state of plant-based production systems for different types of recombinant proteins.


title: Biomolecular Structure and Modeling: Problem and Application Perspective

text: The experimental progress described in the previous chapter has been accompanied by an increasing desire to relate the complex three-dimensional (3D) shapes of biomolecules to their biological functions and interactions with other molecular systems. Structural biology, computational biology, genomics, proteomics, bioinformatics, chemoinformatics, and others are natural partner disciplines in such endeavors.


title: Introduction to In Vitro Diagnostic Devices

text: Healthcare investment keeps on increasing substantially in recent years. Such investment has also focused on fighting major diseases, enabled by the novel invention of cost-effective and valid drug development for treatment and side effect reduction, along with improved vector control. In addition, the demand for diagnostics that is essential in determining prognosis, identifying disease stages, monitoring treatment, and assessing the spreading as health services has expanded. Molecular-based diagnostics is critical for prevention, identification, and treatment of disease. Current laboratory analyses support correct diagnosis in over 70 % of all diseases and can be used to aid the continuous monitoring of drug therapy. However, classic diagnostic technologies are not completely well suited to meeting the expanded testing requirement because they rely on complicated sample purification and sophisticated instruments which are labor-intensive, timely, and expensive and require well-trained operators. One of the main challenges for industry is to develop fast, relatively accurate, easy-to-use, and inexpensive devices. In addition to the improved efficiency in laboratory diagnostics, there has been a trend toward a more decentralized diagnostics which occurs directly at patients’ bedside, in outpatient clinics, or at the sites of accidents, so-called point-of-care (POC) systems. The concept of POC testing is mainly for the patient, so short turnaround time, minimum sample preparation, reagent storage and transferring, user-friendly analytical instruments, and digital or visible quantitative or semiquantitative single readout are required. POC test is a great option of potential in vitro diagnostics (IVD) for resource-limited settings. It is clear that on-site or minimum sample preparation and on-chip storage limit the delays that caused by transport and preparation of clinical samples. Shorter turnaround time leads to rapid clinical decision-making and may save fatal consequences. No previous knowledge in sample analysis should be required, so elders can perform the tests at home with minimum training to improve health outcome. Lateral-flow immunoassay (LFIA) devices, for example, which were originally proposed in the 1980s, remain popular largely because of their design simplicity. The purpose of this article is to introduce readers with basic information regarding the LFIA approach that we think the most representative product of IVD test for solving global health issues.


title: Alveolar Pattern

text: An alveolar pattern is defined by the existence of more or less broad portions of the lung more opaque than normal due to partial or complete alveolar filling. With a few exceptions, the pulmonary architecture is overall preserved, and, if signs of interstitial involvement are present, they are not prevalent. On HRCT the different opacity of the alveolar pattern reminds the variable density of the clouds.


title: Expression and Functions of SARS Coronavirus Replicative Proteins

text: The discovery of a previously unknown coronavirus as the causative agent of the SARS epidemic in 2002/2003 stimulated a large number of studies into the molecular biology of SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and related viruses. This research has provided significant new insight into the functions and activities of the coronavirus replicase–transcriptase complex, a multiprotein complex that directs coordinated processes of both continuous and discontinuous RNA synthesis to replicate and transcribe the large coronavirus genome, a single-stranded, positive-sense RNA of ~30 kb. In this chapter, we review our current understanding of the expression and functions of key replicative enzymes, such as RNA polymerases, helicase, ribonucleases, ribose-2′-O-methyltransferase and other replicase gene-encoded proteins involved in genome expression, virus–host interactions and other processes. Collectively, these recent studies reveal fascinating details of an enzymatic machinery that, in the RNA virus world, is unparalleled in terms of the number and nature of virally encoded activities involved in virus replication and host interactions.


title: Etiology of the common cold: Modulating factors

text: The development of a “cold-like illness” (CLI) usually requires infection with an upper respiratory virus such as rhinovirus, influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, parainfuluenza virus, coronavirus or adenovirus, among others, and the development of sufficient signs, symptoms and pathophysiologies to qualify as being ill based on personal and cultural definitions. A viral upper respiratory tract infection (vURTI) in the absence of overt illness (subclinical vURTI) will not be made manifest to the individual or to observers and, therefore, will not be diagnosed as a CLI. The degree of illness occurring during a vURTI is directly related to the extent of provoked inflammation, which in turn depends on the engagement of antiviral defense systems. Thus, risk factors for CLI can modulate either the vURTI risk by affecting virus exposure and/or susceptibility to infection, or the CLI risk given a vURTI by affecting immunocompetence, the provoked inflammation and/or the interpretation of ilness as a CLI. In this chapter, we review published studies for evidence of CLI risk-modulating factors and report that climate, crowding and perhaps female gender can affect the probability of exposure to vURTI viruses, that extant immunological factors and age can affect the probability of virus infection given exposure, that stress levels (moderated by social environment), health practices (exercise, tobacco and alcohol consumption, sleep efficiency) and genetics contribute to CLI risk most probably by modulating the immune-inflammatory response to infection, and that other factors such as pollution, home environment and certain personality traits affect CLI risk by biasing illness interpretation for a given set of symptoms and signs.


title: Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of Copper Nanomaterials

text: Bioactive copper nanomaterials are an emerging class of nano-antimicrobials providing complimentary effects and characteristics, as compared to other nano-sized metals, such as silver or zinc oxide nanoparticles. In this chapter, copper nano-antimicrobials are reviewed and classified firstly as a function of the preparation methods, and secondly as a function of the target microorganism used for testing their antimicrobial activity. The antimicrobial activity of copper-based nanostructures depends on the microbial species and on the experimental set-up. As a consequence, in this chapter details are provided on methods, as well as on experimental details such as contact time, microorganism strain, concentration of the interacting species, etc. Finally, real-life applications of copper-based nanoantimicrobials are briefly discussed.


docid: ssykkwup

title: Entzündliche Erkrankungen

text: Meningitiden zeigen die Trias Kopfschmerz, Meningismus und Fieber mit positiven Dehnungszeichen. Bei Kindern sind gramnegative Enterokeime und Hämophilus, bei Erwachsenen Meningo- und Pneumokokken wichtigste Erreger der bakteriellen Meningitis. Entscheidend für die Diagnose ist die Liquordiagnostik mit Gramfärbung. Empirisch werden ein Cephalosporin der dritten Generation und Ampicillin eingesetzt. Der Hirnabszess entsteht hämatogen oder fortgeleitet und zeigt sich in der CT oder MRT mit ringförmigem Enhancement. Wichtige Erreger sind Streptokokken, Bacteroides und andere Anaerobier, Enterobakterien und Staphylokokken. Enzephalitiden führen zu Bewusstseinsstörung, fokalen Symptomen und epileptischen Anfällen, wichtigster Erreger ist Herpes simplex. Diagnose mittels Liquor (PCR), EEG, CT und MRT (ab dem 2. Tag), Therapie mit Aciclovir parenteral bereits bei begründetem Verdacht.


title: Hospital Systems Management

text: All concepts of hospitals systems including professional standards, ethics, quality improvement, and resource utilization are covered in this chapter. The structure of successful hospitalist programs is used as a template. Then tools utilized for quality improvement, which have been adopted from other industries, are discussed as well. The transition to post-acute care and the complications encountered are examined in this chapter.


title: Variation in Active Site Amino Residues of H1N1 Swine Flu Neuraminidase

text: In this paper, we report the variations of amino acid residues between H5N1 and H1N1 swine flu neuraminidase sequences at protein level. Random search in NCBI Flu database resulted in Canadian viral gene and analysis using blast technique revealed sites that are variant among sequences for which 3-dimensional structures were known. PDB summary database and multiple alignments were employed for validation of the results. Based on the mutations observed within active site region, homology derived model was constructed using swiss-pdb viewer. The residue variation observed was with respect to Tyr347 in H5N1 versus Asn344 in H1N1 neuraminidase sequence, which resulted in geometrical modification of ligand binding domain.


title: Reverse Pharmacology and Drug Discovery: Artemisia annua and Its Anti-HIV Activity

text: There are various ways in which new drugs can be developed. One approach is in silico drug design based on our existing knowledge of the biology of a specific disease and the specific target site binding chemistry. Based on this knowledge, a range of molecules will be designed and synthesised after which they will be tested in in vitro bioassays for activity and toxicity. The best candidates, called lead compounds, will then be “fine-tuned” by chemical derivatisation in order to improve their activity and/or to reduce their toxicity. Lead compounds are then tested in various animal models before entering clinical trials in people. Another approach is to screen a large number of biological samples (plants, bacteria and fungi) for activity against a specific disease. Any active extract, consisting of many compounds, will be fractionated by chromatographic techniques, and each fraction will be tested for in vitro activity. Active fractions will again be fractionated until the active compound is identified. This process, also called bioguided fractionation, can go through a number of fractionation cycles before the active compound is identified. The active compound will be chemically derivatised in order to improve its properties before in vivo animal studies will be conducted. Based on these test results, the most promising lead compounds will then be tested in clinical trials in people. There are however a number of shortcomings with both approaches. It is expensive, time consuming, makes use of in vitro bioassays and it suffers from a very low success rate. Due to these shortcomings, it is currently estimated that the development of one new drug costs around $1–1.5 billion, simply because so many lead compounds fail during clinical trials. Keeping these high costs in mind, one would think that all registered drugs are effective and importantly non-toxic. Unfortunately, this is not the case, as there are a number of drugs currently on the market that are causing severe side effects and whose efficacy should be questioned. This holds true particularly for cancer chemotherapeutics. It was estimated that cancer chemotherapy improves the average 5-year survival rate of patients (for all cancer types) by only 2 % (Morgan et al. 2004). Another relatively unknown fact is that each year, 200,000 people die in the EU due to adverse drug reactions (all types of drugs), highlighting the severe shortcomings of the drug development and drug licensing pipelines (Archibald and Coleman 2012). To put this into perspective, there are a large number of drugs that work perfectly well and are safe to use, but we have to concede that our approach to drug discovery and our overall approach to health care suffers from some major problems.


title: Responses of Tropical Bats to Habitat Fragmentation, Logging, and Deforestation

text: Land-use change is a key driver of the global biodiversity crisis and a particularly serious threat to tropical biodiversity. Throughout the tropics, the staggering pace of deforestation, logging, and conversion of forested habitat to other land uses has created highly fragmented landscapes that are increasingly dominated by human-modified habitats and degraded forests. In this chapter, we review the responses of tropical bats to a range of land-use change scenarios, focusing on the effects of habitat fragmentation, logging, and conversion of tropical forest to various forms of agricultural production. Recent landscape-scale studies have considerably advanced our understanding of how tropical bats respond to habitat fragmentation and disturbance at the population, ensemble, and assemblage level. This research emphasizes that responses of bats are often species and ensemble specific, sensitive to spatial scale, and strongly molded by the characteristics of the prevailing landscape matrix. Nonetheless, substantial knowledge gaps exist concerning other types of response by bats. Few studies have assessed responses at the genetic, behavioral, or physiological level, with regard to disease prevalence, or the extent to which human disturbance erodes the capacity of tropical bats to provide key ecosystem services. A strong geographic bias, with Asia and, most notably, Africa, being strongly understudied, precludes a comprehensive understanding of the effects of fragmentation and disturbance on tropical bats. We strongly encourage increased research in the Paleotropics and emphasize the need for long-term studies, approaches designed to integrate multiple scales, and answering questions that are key to conserving tropical bats in an era of environmental change and dominance of modified habitats (i.e., the Anthropocene).


title: Konstruktion von Zukunftsängsten über dystopische Filme – Vier Rahmungen (Settings)

text: Die Entscheidung, die filmischen Imaginationen von zukünftigen gesellschaftlichen Bedrohungen in ihrer vollen Breite in den Blick zu nehmen, um dann spezielle Filme tiefergehend zu betrachten, hatte zur Konsequenz, dass aufgrund des umfangreichen Datenmaterials ein vorstrukturierender Analyseschritt zwingend notwendig war. Aus der qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse und den Grobsichtungen der Filme ergaben sich vier übergeordnete Rahmungen – vier fi lmische Settingtypen –, von denen sich wiederum drei in Untertypen gliedern, die zunächst im Gesamten vorgestellt werden und denen anschließend eigene ausführliche Kapitel gewidmet sind.


title: Glycyrrhiza glabra: Chemistry and Pharmacological Activity

text: Nature is an attractive source of new therapeutic candidate compounds as a tremendous chemical diversity is found in millions of species of plants, animals, marine organisms, and microorganisms as potential medicinal agents. This chapter of research is an effort to highlight the phytochemical/chemical constituents of an ancient medicinal plant G. glabra and their pharmacological importance. G. glabra is an old age medicinal plant that belongs to Leguminosae/Fabaceae/Papilionaceae family and commonly known as mulaithi in north India. The chemical composition of G. glabra is glycyrrhizin, glycyrrhetic acid, isoliquiritin, isoflavones, etc., and their derivatives have been reported for several pharmacological activities like, expectorant, antidemulcent, antiulcer, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, etc. These phytochemicals hold strong promise for designing new herbal drugs, and derivatives of these compounds are being generated to evaluate their pharmacological purposes for future drug use. Natural products have been a prime source for the treatment of many forms of ailments, many of which are consumed daily with the diet. They provide significant protection against various diseases and disorders.


title: Uncharakteristisches Fieber (UF), afebrile Allgemeinreaktion (AFAR), Luftwegekatarrhe, Tonsillitis

text: In diesem Kapitel werden jene Fälle behandelt, die diagnostisch und therapeutisch eng zusammengehören und die sich durch ihre überragende Häufigkeit auszeichnen.


title: Infektiologie

text: —. akute oder chronische Entzündung des Alveolarraumes und/oder des Interstitiums der Lunge; —. häufigste infektionsbedingte Todesursache; —. Einteilung der Pneumonien nach Pathologie (lobär, interstitiell), Åtiologie (bakteriell, viral, mykotisch, parasitär, physikalisch- oder chemischtoxisch, allergisch) und Klinik (typisch, atypisch) möglich; —. : —. : • bei Neugeborenen/Säuglingen Pneumokokken, Haemophilus influenzae, Staphylococcus aureus, Chlamydia pneumoniae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Respiratory-syncytial-Viren; • im Erwachsenenalter zusätzlich Legionellen, Influenza-Virus, Parainfluenza-Virus, Adeno-Virus, Corona-Viren, z. B. SARS („severe acute respiratory syndrome“); bei älteren Patienten vermehrt gramnegative Erreger (Klebsiellen, Enterobacter, Escherichia coli); —. : • bis zum 5. Tag der Hospitalisierung Keimspektrum der ambulant erworbenen Pneumonien; • nach dem 5. Tag der Hospitalisierung gehäuft Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiellen, Enterobacter, Escherichia coli; • nach Aspiration Anaerobierinfektionen; • Problemkeime, z. B. methicillinresistenter Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), penicillinresistente Pneumokokken, vancomycinresistente Enterokokken, ESBL („extended spectrum beta-lactamase“)-Bildner; —. bei Immunsuppression Pneumocystis jirovecii, Zytomegalie-, Herpessimplex-, Varizella-Zoster-Virus, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, atypische Mykobakterien (M. avium, M. intracellulare, M. xenopi u. a.), Pilze; —. : —. Anschoppung am 1. Tag (Hyperämie und alveoläres Ödem); —. rote Hepatisation am 2./3. Tag (Konsolidierung durch alveoläre Infiltration mit Erythrozyten und durch fibrinreiches Exsudat); —. gelbe Hepatisation am 4.–8. Tag (Leukozyten-/Makrophageninfiltration); —. Lyse nach dem 8. Tag (enzymatische Auflösung und Resorption des Exsudats); —. bei fehlender Lyse chronisch karnifizierende Pneumonie durch Granulationsgewebe; —. bei Lobulärpneumonie „buntes Bild“ (alle Stadien der Lobärpneumonie) mit initial einzelnen, verstreuten alveolär-pneumonischen Herden, die im Verlauf konfluieren; —. bei interstitieller Pneumonie interlobuläre, peribronchioläre und selten alveoläre Formen;


title: Infections

text: Lower respiratory tract infection is a very common illness in children and is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Clinical signs and symptoms are nonspecific especially in infants and younger children and some even present with nonrespiratory complaints. Infectious agents causing pneumonia is not limited to viruses and bacteria, but it could also be due to Mycoplasma, Mycobacteria, fungi, protozoa, and parasites. Coinfection with two or more microbial agents can also occur. The etiologic agent of lower respiratory infection in a child is often difficult to obtain, but the patient’s age can help narrow the possible cause. Microbiological tests are important but could be difficult to obtain especially in younger children. Various medical imaging modalities not only play an important role as an aid in diagnosis but can also help during and after therapy. Imaging can also help evaluate complications to pneumonia and exclude other causes of respiratory distress including underlying developmental anomalies, foreign body, gastroesophageal reflux disease, and aspiration. In this chapter, the imaging modalities utilized in the detection of pulmonary infections will be discussed. The spectrum of typical imaging findings for various etiologic agents in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised children will be presented.


Laboratory Surveillance of Hospital-acquired Infection Rates of Respiratory Viruses in a Tertiary Care Hospital from 2012 to 2014


CYBER NEWS


What's coming in Annals January 2004


Safe zone in isolation rooms


Frederick Chapman Robbins


The Twenty-Second International Conference on Antiviral Research


The Twenty-First International Conference on Antiviral Research


New CHEs – Nouveaux titulaires CHE


Reversible splenial lesion syndrome: A differential diagnosis of corpus callosum lesions


Beyond our pages()


title: VIRUS-INDUCED WHEEZING IN CHILDREN: Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) and Rhinovirus

text: The strong association between infantile wheezing and respiratory tract infections caused by the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) has been well established. In studies of older children, rhinovirus becomes the major virus associated with asthma. These relationships are outlined in the box on page 36. In the past, this relationship was more difficult to appreciate, because rhinovirus does not always grow well in culture. In addition, the linkage between asthma and atopy during childhood has raised the question whether viral infections alone can precipitate exacerbations of asthma. Use of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to measure viral nucleic acid material has provided the opportunity to study virus-induced wheezing among children in greater detail, and investigations of experimental rhinovirus infections in adults have demonstrated how this virus can augment both the early and late phase manifestations of airway hyperreactivity. This article reviews recent advances that have enhanced our understanding of virus-induced wheezing, along with new information indicating that interactions between viral infections and allergic inflammation may be critical to the pathogenesis of acute symptoms.


title: NOVEL THERAPEUTIC APPROACHES FOR ALLERGIC RHINITIS

text: The last 2 decades have witnessed enormous changes in our understanding of allergic rhinitis. As we have begun to unravel the complex underlying immunologic and inflammatory pathophysiology of the disease, new therapeutic strategies as well as specific molecular and cellular constituents have emerged as potential targets for clinical intervention. These efforts also have shed light on the mechanisms by which current antiallergy medications act—or sometimes fail to be effective.7, 31, 51, 89 The similar pathophysiologic basis for allergic rhinitis and the often comorbid condition, asthma, was underscored in the recently published American Thoracic Society Workshop Summary on the Immunobiology of Asthma and Rhinitis: Pathogenic Factors and Therapeutic Options.(18) In his conclusion, workshop chair, Thomas Casale,(18) counsels readers to consider that “…allergic asthma and rhinitis represent a systemic disease affecting two organs, the lung and the nose. Asthma and allergic rhinitis share many of the same pathogenic factors, but they operate in different parts of the airway. Inflammatory cells and mediators are often the same, and there may be common alterations that occur in the immune system.” Thus, therapeutic strategies and potential therapeutic agents found to be beneficial in the treatment of one airway target may show similar effects in the other. For this reason, and because many of the therapies now being developed are at early stages in their evolution, physicians interested in rhinitis therapy also must examine what is known about these agents in asthma. One avenue of active research has been the role of leukotrienes and other mediators in the pathophysiology of asthma and rhinitis. Three leukotriene modifiers now have been approved for the treatment of asthma in the United States; their potential use in the treatment of rhinitis has been a focus of considerable speculation and investigation. An early “day in the park” study showed that with antileukotriene therapy, patients with rhinitis had demonstrable improvements in their rhinitic symptoms.(29) Roquet et al(83) reported that in the treatment of asthma, there was a synergistic effect when an antileukotriene agent and an antihistamine were used, compared with either drug alone. A product combining an antileukotriene with an antihistamine is currently under development. The most exciting developments, however, may be in the immunology arena. As described by Baraniuk elsewhere in this issue, the pathophysiology of allergic rhinitis is highly complex. Multiple interacting, interdependent, and redundant pathways and molecular and cellular constituents are involved in the pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis. Briefly, exposure of the nasal mucosa to allergen in a sensitized individual leads to the release and further production of inflammatory mediators and the release of cytokines.(5) These released cytokines activate endothelial cells, thereby inducing expression of adhesion receptors on the cell surface and initiating a cascade of events that facilitates transendothelial migration of inflammatory cells. T lymphocytes also are activated by these cytokines. Within a given tissue, specific patterns of cytokines are released, dependent on the dominant subset of local T lymphocytes. These, in turn, lead to the preferential activation and recruitment of specific inflammatory cells and the characteristic cellular inflammation observed in allergic rhinitis.


docid: faobggcm

title: Impacts and responsibilities for sustainable tourism: a tour operator’s perspective

text: Tourism is currently responsible for the largest, annual human migration in history. This great movement of people has significant positive and negative consequences on nature, societies, cultures and economies. Desired worldwide for its economic benefits, tourism is anticipated to double during the next 20 years, and the multiple consequences of such rapid growth, call for a preventative approach at all strategic and professional levels, in order to avoid negative impacts. Considering mass tourism as a reality of our contemporary life that cannot be neglected by current efforts to endorse sustainable tourism, this paper draws attention to one of its key players—the tour operators—advancing the proposition that they play significant roles in affecting changes in behaviors and attitudes towards more responsible forms of tourism. Aiming to facilitate a constructive debate on the matter, the article presents a few of the most important arguments that underscore the potential that tour operators’ have in promoting sustainable tourism.


Developing animal model systems for embryo technologies in rare and endangered wildlife()


title: An empirical study on the impact of quality antecedents on tax payers' acceptance of Internet tax-filing systems

text: This study used the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) to examine taxpayers' acceptance of the Internet tax-filing system. Based on data collected from 141 experienced taxpayers in Taiwan, the acceptance and the impact of quality antecedents on taxpayers' perceived usefulness (PU) and perceived ease of use (PEOU) of the system were assessed and evaluated. The results indicated that the model of Internet tax-filing system was accepted with a reasonable goodness-of-fit. Three important findings include the following items. First, TAM proves to be a valid model to explain the taxpayers' acceptance of the Internet tax-filers' system. Meanwhile, PU has created more impact than PEOU on taxpayers' intention to use the system. Second, PU is positively influenced by such factors as information system quality (ISQ), information quality (IQ), as well as perceived credibility (PC). Third, IQ has a positive impact on PEOU. Based on the research findings, implications and limitations are then discussed for future possible research.


Infectious Diseases in Pregnancy


title: Culture and decision making

text: The study of culture and decision making addresses variations in how and why people from different cultures sometimes tend to decide differently. This review is organized around what is intended to be a comprehensive analysis of the distinct fundamental questions that people must answer in the process of making virtually all real-life decisions. Our emphasis was on recent developments as well as identifying important yet neglected topics (e.g., how decision episodes get started—or not, and why some decisions are never implemented). Early as well as current efforts have focused mainly on East Asian and North American Caucasian cultures, with little treatment of other populations. In such studies, individualism and collectivism have been the dominant explanatory factors although related but distinct concepts such as “tightness” and “looseness” have been welcome additions to recent discussions. Throughout, the review emphasizes practical concerns, such as the challenges of intercultural learning and collaboration.


Pneumonia in the Hospital Setting


What's news


Balaji Sadasivan – 1955–2010


title: Science foresight using life-cycle analysis, text mining and clustering: A case study on natural ventilation

text: Science foresight comprises a range of methods to analyze past, present and expected research trends, and uses this information to predict the future status of different fields of science and technology. With the ability to identify high-potential development directions, science foresight can be a useful tool to support the management and planning of future research activities. Science foresight analysts can choose from a rather large variety of approaches. There is, however, relatively little information about how the various approaches can be applied in an effective way. This paper describes a three-step methodological framework for science foresight on the basis of published research papers, consisting of (i) life-cycle analysis, (ii) text mining and (iii) knowledge gap identification by means of automated clustering. The three steps are connected using the research methodology of the research papers, as identified by text mining. The potential of combining these three steps in one framework is illustrated by analyzing scientific literature on wind catchers; a natural ventilation concept which has received considerable attention from academia, but with quite low application in practice. The knowledge gaps that are identified show that the automated foresight analysis is indeed able to find uncharted research areas. Results from a sensitivity analysis further show the importance of using full-texts for text mining instead of only title, keywords and abstract. The paper concludes with a reflection on the methodological framework, and gives directions for its intended use in future studies.


Flaviviruses


The Twenty-Third International Conference on Antiviral Research


title: Integral membrane protein structure: transmembrane α-helices as autonomous folding domains: Current opinion in structural biology 1993, 3: 532–540

text: The transmembrane region of many integral membrane proteins is made up of a bundle of hydrophobic α-helices. Such a structure could result from a two-stage folding process, during which preformed transmembrane helices with independent stability pack without topological rearrangement. This view was originally prompted by experiments in which fragments of transmembrane regions were separately refolded into lipid bilayers and subsequently brought together to yield a functional protein. Other lines of evidence, including the existence of ‘one-helix’ miniproteins, gene-fusion experiments, helix-driven oligomerization of bitopic proteins, and sequence rearrangements in the course of evolution support this view. Although it forms a useful basis for structural predictions, the limitations of the two-stage folding hypothesis are not clearly defined, and the proportion of integral membrane proteins to which it applies remains uncertain. The papers discussed in the present review illustrate recent progress along these lines.


title: Epidemic dynamics on information-driven adaptive networks

text: Research on the interplay between the dynamics on the network and the dynamics of the network has attracted much attention in recent years. In this work, we propose an information-driven adaptive model, where disease and disease information can evolve simultaneously. For the information-driven adaptive process, susceptible (infected) individuals who have abilities to recognize the disease would break the links of their infected (susceptible) neighbors to prevent the epidemic from further spreading. Simulation results and numerical analyses based on the pairwise approach indicate that the information-driven adaptive process can not only slow down the speed of epidemic spreading, but can also diminish the epidemic prevalence at the final state significantly. In addition, the disease spreading and information diffusion pattern on the lattice as well as on a real-world network give visual representations about how the disease is trapped into an isolated field with the information-driven adaptive process. Furthermore, we perform the local bifurcation analysis on four types of dynamical regions, including healthy, a continuous dynamic behavior, bistable and endemic, to understand the evolution of the observed dynamical behaviors. This work may shed some lights on understanding how information affects human activities on responding to epidemic spreading.


docid: vcfvpxhq

title: Helicases as molecular motors: An insight

text: Helicases are one of the smallest motors of biological system, which harness the chemical free energy of ATP hydrolysis to catalyze the opening of energetically stable duplex nucleic acids and thereby are involved in almost all aspect of nucleic acid metabolism including replication, repair, recombination, transcription, translation, and ribosome biogenesis. Basically, they break the hydrogen bonding between the duplex helix and translocate unidirectionally along the bound strand. Mostly all the helicases contain some conserved signature motifs, which act as an engine to power the unwinding. After the discovery of the first prokaryotic DNA helicase from Escherichia coli bacteria in 1976 and the first eukaryotic one from the lily plant in 1978, many more (>100) have been isolated. All the helicases share some common properties, including nucleic acid binding, NTP hydrolysis and unwinding of the duplex. Many helicases have been crystallized and their structures have revealed an underlying common structural fold for their function. The defects in helicases gene have also been reported to be responsible for variety of human genetic disorders, which can lead to cancer, premature aging or mental retardation. Recently, a new role of a helicase in abiotic stress signaling in plant has been discovered. Overall, helicases act as essential molecular tools for cellular machinery and help in maintaining the integrity of genome. Here an overview of helicases has been covered which includes history, biochemical assay, properties, classification, role in human disease and mechanism of unwinding and translocation.


Infectious Disease and Bioterrorism


The Twentieth International Conference on Antiviral Research


Marian Horzinek, Obituary


title: Feature-based recommendations for one-to-one marketing

text: Most recommendation systems face challenges from products that change with time, such as popular or seasonal products, since traditional market basket analysis or collaborative filtering analysis are unable to recommend new products to customers due to the fact that the products are not yet purchased by customers. Although the recommendation systems can find customer groups that have similar interests as target customers, brand new products often lack ratings and comments. Similarly, products that are less often purchased, such as furniture and home appliances, have fewer records of ratings; therefore, the chances of being recommended are often lower. This research attempts to analyze customers' purchasing behaviors based on product features from transaction records and product feature databases. Customers' preferences toward particular features of products are analyzed and then rules of customer interest profiles are thus drawn in order to recommend customers products that have potential attraction with customers. The advantage of this research is its ability of recommending to customers brand new products or rarely purchased products as long as they fit customer interest profiles; a deduction which traditional market basket analysis and collaborative filtering methods are unable to do. This research uses a two-stage clustering technique to find customers that have similar interests as target customers and recommend products to fit customers' potential requirements. Customers' interest profiles can explain recommendation results and the interests on particular features of products can be referenced for product development, while a one-to-one marketing strategy can improve profitability for companies.


The scientific basis of multiple sclerosis


title: Synthesis of both enantiomers of halitunal

text: Both enantiomers of halitunal (1), a novel diterpene aldehyde having an iridoid carbon framework with a heteroaromatic 10π-system, have been synthesized from (+)-genipin (2).


Volume TOC


Greek measles epidemic strain, 2005–2006


docid: fwpqhwvf

title: PIV-20 Detection of WU/KI polyomaviruses in respiratory samples from Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust


O.7.5 Human bocavirus infections have seasonal transmission dynamics


ProMED update


Subject index volume 7 international journal of infectious diseases


Other: Impact and consequences of attending the Canadian Pain Society annual conference in Toronto during the SARS crisis: Survey of delegates


OP3-4 Alternative method for airborne virus detection in only few hours/innovative microbial air sampler


Evaluation of the new NucliSens easyMAG(®) nucleic acid extraction system


Self Collection of Nasal Swabs for Diagnosis of Respiratory Viruses in Immunocompetent Volunteers and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant (HCT) Recipients


Prevalence of two recently described HBV mutations and their effect on adefovir therapy


PP-181 A novel 2-tailed CUSUM control-chart for evaluating new therapies: hypertonic-saline in bronchiolitis compared to nebulized adrenaline


486. Plasmid DNA Constructs Expressing SARS-CoV Antigens Are Immunogenic in Mice and Rabbits


Technology and public health


Asia takes action on drug-resistant tuberculosis


docid: mwqjdncd

title: O.7.6 Enhanced etiological diagnosis of respiratory virus infections and outbreaks using nucleic acid amplification testing against an expanded range of targets


Neuroinfection & neuroimmunology: New opportunities, new challenges


37: Incidence of Upper and Lower Airway Viral Infections in a Cohort of Lung Transplant Recipients (LTRs)


docid: wawncmzy

title: HealthMap: the future of infectious diseases surveillance?


320. Selection of Lentiviral Vectors for Gene Transfer to Porcine Airways


CS15-01 Can We Prevent Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Chronic Hepatitis B?


Papers to Appear in Forthcoming Issues


M-III Laboratory diagnosis of viral gastroenteritis


Diagnosis of human metapneumovirus by immunofluorescence-the newcastle experience


Non-traditional outbreak surveillance - the 15 year experience


PP-178 Surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in patients with community acquired pneumonia in tertiary care hospital, Manipal


PI-6 West Nile virus (WNV) seroprevalence in blood donors from Central Anatolia


Infectious diseases: A never-ending threat


Free Communications (Poster Sessions)


The innovative qiasymphony system from Qiagen takes ease of use to a new level


13th International Congress on Infectious Diseases Abstracts (Oral Presentations)


docid: zbymyfir

title: RNA Virus Vectors


O.7.7 Impact of duration of illness on viral load and detection rate of viral pathogens by multiplex PCR in respiratory tract infections


Exotic Viral Diseases: A Global Guide: S.A. Berger, C.H. Calisher and J.S. Keystone; BC Decker – Inc, Hamilton and London, 2003, 252 pages, Paperback, ISBN 1-55009-205-7 ($29.95)


OP3-1 Evaluation of Clart® Pneumovir DNA arrays for the detection of respiratory viruses among children hospitalised in intensive care unit


docid: tffqvpas

title: Methylation profile of bovine Oct4 gene coding region in relation to three germ layers

text: Previous studies have shown that octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (Oct4) plays a significant role in early embryonic development of mammalian animals, and different Oct4 expression levels induce multi-lineage differentiation which are regulated by DNA methylation. To explore the relationship between the methylation pattern of Oct4 gene exon 1 and embryonic development, in this work, five different tissues (heart, liver, lung, cerebrum and cerebellum) from three germ layers were chosen from low age (50–60 d) and advanced age (60–70 d) of fetal cattle and the differences between tissues or ages were analyzed, respectively. The result showed that the DNA methylation level of Oct4 gene exon 1 was significant different (P<0.01) between any two of three germ layers in low age (<60 d), but kept steady of advanced age (P>0.05) (>60 d), suggesting that 60-d post coital was an important boundary for embryonic development. In addition, in ectoderm (cerebrum and cerebellum), there was no significant methylation difference of Oct4 gene exon 1 between low age and advanced age (P>0.05), but the result of endoderm (liver and lung) and mesoderm (heart) were on the contrary (P<0.01), which indicated the development of ectoderm was earlier than endoderm and mesoderm. The methylation differences from the 3rd, 5th and 9th CpG-dinucleotide loci of Oct4 gene exon 1 were significantly different between each two of three germ layers (P<0.05), indicating that these three loci may have important influence on bovine embryonic development. This study showed that bovine germ layers differentiation was significantly related to the DNA methylation status of Oct4 gene exon 1. This work firstly identified the DNA methylation profile of bovine Oct4 gene exon 1 and its association with germ layers development in fetus and adult of cattle. Moreover, the work also provided epigenetic information for further studying bovine embryonic development and cellular reprogramming.


JOGC Guidelines index English


152* Microevolution of the major common Pseudomonas aeruginosa clones C and PA14 in cystic fibrosis lungs


Human herpesvirus-6 viraemia in children with primary immunodeficiency undergoing stem-cell-transplantation


Summaries


À propos du COVD-19 : note de l’éditeur et des rédacteurs en chef de la revue GOFS


title: Evaluation of Infection Risk Factors in Adult Hematologic Malignancy Patients

text: INTRODUCTION: Hematologic malignancies (HM) are often highly aggressive processes requiring multi-chemotherapy regimens and potentially hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) for treatment. Totally implantable venous access ports (TIVAP) are the standard access for administration of these regimens. The regimens usually involve periods of neutropenia for which infection can increase morbidity and require removal of the port. Although deemed safe for use in cancer populations, many studies have only looked at patients with TIVAP in solid tumor malignancies. Herein, we report our single institution experience identifying modulators for infection related to TIVAP in this high-risk population. OBJECTIVES: To identify risk factors for port infection in HM patients. METHODS: We performed an IRB-approved single institution retrospective review of HM patients who had a TIVAP removed for port infection versus completion of therapy. Medical records were evaluated for patient demographics and tumor type, details of previous therapy regimens such as chemotherapy and HSCT status, laboratory values including albumin, white blood cell, neutrophil and platelet counts, as well as characteristics of the TIVAP. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were performed between the two cohorts to identify clinical predictors of port infection necessitating TIVAP removal. RESULTS: Between March 2015 and July 2018, 104 TIVAPs were removed from HM patients, 34 (33%) for infection and 70 (67%) for completion of treatment. Median patient age was 60 years (range 22-86) and there was an even number of men and women (n=52). Most TIVAPs were double lumen (n=98, 94%) and placed in the right IJV (n=100, 96%). The median number of port days was 49 in the infection group and 414 in the completion group, with removal of 12 (35%) of the infected ports within 30 days. Multiple factors were significant predictors of port infection on univariate analysis, including diagnosis of AML or ALL (p=0.0019), no prior HSCT (p=0.0148), neutropenia within 30 days of removal (p<0.0001), ANC <1500 (p <0.0001), leukopenia the day prior to removal (p<0.0001), thrombocytopenia (p <0.0001), and hypoalbuminemia (p<0.0001). Steroid use, leukopenia or leukocytosis the day of placement, and leukocytosis the day prior to removal were not significantly different between the two groups. On multivariate analysis, no prior HSCT (OR=48.08, 95% CI 2.64-875.63, p=0.009), neutropenia within 30 days of removal (OR=67.60, 95% CI 1.68-2726.66, p=0.026), and hypoalbuminemia (OR=405.52, 95% CI 15.64-10517.89, p<0.0001) remained significant. CONCLUSION: In patients with HM, significant predictors of port infection requiring TIVAP removal included neutropenia within 30 days of removal and hypoalbuminemia. Interestingly, patients who underwent HSCT were less likely to a develop a port infection requiring TIVAP removal.


docid: poamqquy

title: Abstracts accepted for publication only


M-I Submitting an article to Journal of Clinical Virology


Update to the Latin American Thoracic Society (ALAT) Recommendations on Community-Acquired Pneumonia


Multiplex real time PCRs for respiratory viral infections


P441 – P678


Membrane protein expression made easy: Gong, F-C., Giddings, T.H., Meehl, J.B., Staehelin, L.A. and Galbraith, D.W. (1996) Z-membranes: artificial organelles for overexpressing recombinant integral membrane proteins, Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 93, 2219–2223


P175 Extended incubation of cystic fibrosis cultures: is it worth it?


Forum


PI-4 Rat-to-human cowpoxvirus outbreaks, France 2009


P.060 Influenza A viruses host ultrastructural nuclear modifications: specific different patterns between avian and human strains?


docid: tefbwsof

title: Contents page.


Microbead array based technology for detection and quantitation of viral respiratory pathogens associated with pneumonia among children


Health activists in China unlawfully discriminated against


Innate Immunity to Pulmonary Infection, Novartis Foundation series No. 279


DNA ladders connecting animals and plants: Ryerson, D.E. and Heath, M.C. (1996) Cleavage of nuclear DNA into oligonucleosomal fragments during cell death induced by fungal infection or by abiotic treatments, Plant Cell 8, 393–402 Wang, H., Li, J., Bostock, R.M. and Gilchrist, D.G. (1996) Apoptosis: a functional paradigm for programmed plant cell death induced by a host-selective phytotoxin and invoked during development, Plant Cell 8, 375–391


Author/Title Index


L’usage des corticoïdes en réanimation


Subject Index: 2004: Volume 26, Numbers 1–12


PIV-2 The Ibis T5000 for high-throughput identification and discrimination of the pandemic H1N1 influenza virus in Chicago


Polyhydroxybutyrate microarray for immunodiagnostics and pathogen detections by immobilizing fusion proteins


PI-8 Vaccine induced and naturally acquired antibodies against mumps virus


Author index of Volume 7


CS15.1 CMV in transplant recipients


I-48 The clinical characteristics and therapy for SARS


The role of diabetes in the severity of 2009 influenza A (H1N1) and the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV): A systematic review and meta-analysis


title: Chapter 2 Biogenesis and Sorting of Plasma Membrane Proteins

text: The cell surface membrane is the boundary between a cell and its environment. In case of polarized epithelial cells, the apical plasma membrane is frequently the boundary between an organism and its environment. The plasmalemma possesses the elements that endow a cell with the capacity to converse with its environment. Plasmalemmal receptor and transducer proteins allow the cell to recognize and respond to various external influences. Membrane-associated proteins anchor cells to their substrata and mediate their integration into tissues. Many properties of a given cell type may be attributed to the protein composition of its plasma membrane. Most cells go to large lengths to control the nature and distribution of polypeptides that populate their plasmalemmas. Cells regulate the expression of genes encoding plasma membrane proteins. Proteins destined for the insertion into the plasma membrane pass through a complex system of processing organelles prior to arriving at their site of ultimate functional residence. Each of these organelles makes a unique contribution to the maturation of these proteins as they transit through them. This chapter discusses the postsynthetic steps involved in the biogenesis of plasma membrane proteins. The chapter discusses some of the events common to all plasmalemmal polypeptides, with special emphasis on those that contribute directly to the character of the cell surface. The chapter then discusses the specializations, associated with cell types, possessing differentiated cell surface sub-domains. The chapter highlights some of the important and fascinating questions confronting investigators interested in the cell biology of the plasma membrane.


docid: xjuiiqlw

title: Control of Virus-\associated Hemophagocytic Syndrome by Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor Agonists in a Rabbit Model


P174 High aerosol production of potentially infectious cough aerosols in people with cystic fibrosis during coughing


OP3-5 Possible independent replication of HBV in the CNS of HIV-1 infected patients


Recently in The Lancet


PIV-25 Phylogenetic analysis of Italian human metapneumovirus (HMPV) and human bocavirus (HBOV) strains


Particles, aerosols, and their transport in the built environment


SARS sequencing paves the way for better diagnostics


PIV-27 Viral pathogens of respiratory tract infections in Ankara, Turkey


Pandemic: tracking contagions


B5/133 – Longer-term follow up of aerobic capacity in children affected by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)


Development and validation of different indirect ELISAs for MERS-CoV serological testing


PIV-35 Evaluation of two newly developed QIAsymphony sp protocols for efficient isolation of influenza virus RNA from different respiratory samples


I-59 The interaction between M1 protein of influenza virus and host cell factors


Subject index of Volume 5


No end in sight to SARS


Naturally-occurring hepatitis C virus protease variants: implications for resistance to new antivirals


European lab network prepares for high-risk pathogen threat


PP-179 Preparation of overlapping peptides of human being' SARS virus M protein and its application as diagnose SARS


Bodysnatchers


From Anthrax to Zika: memoirs of a disease detective


Multiple introductions of MERS-CoV in a 2014 hospital outbreak in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia


Global early warning signs for health threats at the human animal ecosystem interface


CDC updates quarantine rules


docid: gkxbeoqj

title: RNAi Delivered across the Blood-Brain Barrier


Keyword index, Volume 31 (2007)


Table of Contents Page 2


Universal Virus Detection


Molecular evolution of SARS coronavirus tracked


OP4-4 Prevalence, quantification and cut-off level of parvovirus B19 DNA in endomyocardial biopsies of cardiac patients and non-cardiac control subjects


PIV-33 Detection of oseltamivir-resistant influenza A(H1N1) viruses with H274Y mutation during 2007–2008 influenza season from central and eastern part of Turkey


title: Incidence and Impact of Community Respiratory Viral Infection (CRV) in Haploidentical and Matched Sibling Donors Receiving Post-Transplant Cyclophosphamide (PTCy): A CIBMTR Analysis

text: There are reports of high rates of viral infections after haploidentical transplant, particularly in the setting of PTCy (HaploCy) but detailed data on incidence are lacking. We describe here the comparative incidence of community respiratory virus (CRV) infections occurring by day 180 post-transplant by donor source and their impact on outcomes including survival, relapse, chronic GVHD, and transplant related mortality (TRM) using CIBMTR registry data. The analysis included 2765 patients, all > 2 years of age, who underwent first allogeneic HCT for AML, ALL or MDS from 100 centers between 2012 and 2017 receiving either HaploCy (n=757), Matched related donor (MRD) transplant with PTCy (SibCy n= 403), and MRD transplant with calcineurin inhibitor and either MTX or MMF (SibCNI n= 1605). The cumulative incidences of CRV in the HaploCy, SibCy and SibCNI were: 3% (99% CI, 1.6-4.8), 3% (1.3-5.5) and 2.4 %(1.5-3.5) respectively at day 30 (P =0.649, NS), but notably higher at 15.5% (12.3-19), 16.2% (11.7-21.2) and 9.4 %(7.6-11.4) at 6 months (P<.001) post-transplant [Figure 1]. Identified CRV included primarily Rhinovirus, Parainfluenza, and RSV accounting for approximately 70% of all CRV reported [Table 1]. Figure 2 shows the multivariable models through 2 years post-transplant for survival, relapse, TRM, and chronic GVHD with a reference group of SibCNI without CRV infection for the main effect variable of donor type and infection. Patients in the HaploCy cohort who developed a CRV by day 180 had a higher risk of TRM [p=0.002] and inferior survival [p = 0.001] compared to the reference group. Older age, more advanced disease, and higher HCT-CI were all associated with increased mortality. The incidence of CRVs is higher for patients receiving PTCy, regardless of donor. This finding justifies further studies to understand long-term antiviral immune recovery in different donor sources and GVHD prophylaxis regimens. The higher overall mortality for HaploCy patients developing CRV infection warrants consideration for patient education and heightened awareness for clinicians, as well as long term follow up studies of such patients.


P.037 PCR on Dried Salivary Swab (DSS-test): a useful method for diagnosis of congenital cytomegalovirus infection?


SARS case was influenza H5N1


International trends in integrative medicine—The Chinese perspective


Detection of human metapneumovirus in clinical specimens using a novel immunoassay


docid: lmyrqejt

title: Contents page 1


Subject index of Volume 7


Africa, Asia, and Europe


PIV-34 A fast procedure for the detection of the new influenza virus A/H1N1 variant


P.038 Virological-molecular study of aetiological agents associated to Influenza-Like Illness (ILI)


PIV-22 Specimen quality control for respiratory pathogen detection using molecular tests: are specimens collected by community-based healthcare staff reliable?


20.130 ISARIC – enhancing the clinical research response to epidemics


Volume contents, author and keyword indices


docid: ctbtifvm

title: PIV-24 Multiple agents commonly involved in respiratory tract infections in children


PIII-2 Diagnosing human papillomavirus and human papillomavirus type 16 by real-time PCR in patient undergone to colposcopy and significance of the diagnosis


Diagnosis of Marek's disease virus in broiler chickens by histopathology and nested-PCR in Iran


News & Views


What is ahead for health policy and technology in the 2020s?


What can we learn from MERS outbreak in South Korea?


Index to Volume 10, 2008


Attenuation of pulmonary hypertension secondary to left ventricular dysfunction in the rat by HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor


Influenza A detection, typing and assessment of antiviral resistance


Interferon response in murine plasmacytoid dendritic cells after SARS coronavirus infection


Evaluation of the bioMérieux easyMAG automated extraction system


Animal Disease Control: Challenges and Perspectives


HIV and HCV adaptation to polymorphic host responses


PI-5 The seropositivity of HBV, HCV, HIV among blood donors in Istanbul, Turkey


Poster Presentation Abstracts


237. Lentiviral Vector Gene Transfer to Porcine Sinus and Pulmonary Airways


Respiratory Virus (RV) from Broncho Alveolar Lavage (BAL) Prior to Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation (HCT): A Strong Predictor for Allo-Immune Mediated Lung Syndromes (allo-LS)


M-IV Anti-viral resistance testing in hepatitis B virus infection


docid: dbzggjiv

title: Foodborne pathogens: microbiology and molecular biology


Strategies for new problems on healthcare-associated infections in Taiwan


docid: iaworkzr

title: Carbapenem resistance in Hong Kong


Performance evaluation of real-time PCR based assays for the detection and quantitation of hepatitis B virus DNA


title: The epidemiology and pathogenesis of necrotizing enterocolitis

text: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), a syndrome characterized by crepitant necrosis of the bowel, has emerged as the most common neonatal gastrointestinal emergency in many countries of the world. In the United States, NEC strikes 1 to 8% of patients admitted to neonatal intensive care units, almost all of whom are premature infants. The incidence is low in certain countries wity a low premature birth rate, e.g., Japan. Two theories of pathogenesis are: the Santulli theory, which implicates three factors: ischaemia, bacteria and substrate; and the Lawrence theory, which stresses the injurious role of bacterial toxins on the immature gut of the preterm infant. Clinical and experimental evidence support each of the theories, but neither theory can explain certain clinical phenomena, particularly the resistance to NEC manifested by more than 90% of preterm infants, who never develop the syndrome. A unifying hypothesis of pathogenesis and a mathematical model of NEC are outlined. Because clustering of cases may occur, the design of clinical trials of preventive measures for NEC must include simultaneous control infants.


Sessions orales


CS15-04 The Role of Polo-like Kinase 1 as a Therapeutic Target in Hepatocellular Carcinoma


EPS4.7 Cytokine dynamics in upper airway epithelial lining fluid of CF patients in relation to the status of colonization with Pseudomonas aeruginosa


Manson's tropical diseases


docid: dnfdvnpn

title: Infectious disease in the aging


title: Ocular mucins: Purification, metabolism and functions

text: Mucins are present at the ocular surface in both secreted and membrane-bound forms. Mucins are produced in partby the conjunctial goblet cells, and are complemented by non-globet secretions. This review focuses on secreted ocular mucins. They are present in the tear film, probably both in gel and soluble form, and play a role in lubrication and ocular defense. It is apparent that mucins are highly adapted to their functions. State of the art techniques for mucin purification and analysis are presented. Density gradient centrifugation, gel filtration, ion-exchange chromatography and agarose gel electrophoresis are discussed, together with methods of oliogosaccharide analysis. Reagents for the detection of mucin are considered in conjunction with these methods, which we have employed in the analysis of human and canine ocular mucins. The general structure of mucins is reviewed. The biosyntheas and glycosylation of ocular mucins are not yet fully understood, and are discussed in relation to currently established concepts. The impaact of disease on the nature and secretion of mucins is considered, as well as the physiological and pathological significance of mucus degradation.


title: Cross species influenza: emerging zoonosis

text: Emerging infection is usually an important public health concern. Within the past decade, there are many new emerging infectious diseases. An important concern is on the pandemic of those new emerging infections. The cross species infection from animal to human, zoonosis, is usually problematic and hard to manage. The well-known situations are on new emerging atypical influenza infections. In this brief article, the author discuss on three important cross species emerging influenza, H5N1 bird flu, H1N1 swine flu and H7N9 bird flu. The basic details of those new influenzas genetic aberration and the concept for surveillance and prediction of new mutation that result in the new cross species emerging zoonosis are also mentioned in this article.


I-60 Structural study of RNA polymerase PA subunit from an avian influenza virus


docid: amdgrakq

title: Nucleic acid amplification assays for investigation of respiratory viruses


Emerging Infections: What Have We Learned After 15 Years?


Inferno


News and insights


Economics of sustainable forest management


title: A duplex RT-PCR assay for detection of H9 subtype avian influenza viruses and infectious bronchitis viruses

text: H9 subtype avian influenza virus (AIV) and infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) are major pathogens circulating in poultry and have resulted in great economic losses due to respiratory disease and reduced egg production. As similar symptoms are elicited by the two pathogens, it is difficult for their differential diagnosis. So far, no reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay has been found to differentiate between H9 AIV and IBV in one reaction. Therefore, developing a sensitive and specific method is of importance to simultaneously detect and differentiate H9 AIV and IBV. In this study, a duplex RT-PCR (dRT-PCR) was established. Two primer sets target the hemagglutinin (HA) gene of H9 AIV and the nucleocapsid (N) gene of IBV, respectively. Specific PCR products were obtained from all tested H9 AIVs and IBVs belonging to the major clades circulating in China, but not from AIVs of other subtypes or other infectious avian viruses. The sensitivity of the dRT-PCR assay corresponding to H9 AIV, IBV and mixture of H9 AIV and IBV were at a concentration of 1×10(1), 1.5×10(1) and 1.5×10(1) 50% egg infective doses (EID(50)) mL(−1), respectively. The concordance rates between the dRT-PCR and virus isolation were 99.1 and 98.2%, respectively, for detection of samples from H9N2 AIV or IBV infected chickens, while the concordance rate was 99.1% for detection of samples from H9N2 AIV and IBV co-infected chickens. Thus, the dRT-PCR assay reported herein is specific and sensitive, and suitable for the differential diagnosis of clinical infections and surveillance of H9 AIVs and IBVs.


324. DNA Vaccination To Generate Chikungunya Virus-Specific Immunity


PIV-21 Respiratory viral infections in adult patients with hematologic malignancies


Single-Agent High-Dose Melphalan as Conditioning Regimen in Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for Hodgkin's Lymphoma: Safety, and Long-Term Efficacy


title: 66 Incidence of Burkholderia cepacia complex infection in a Cystic Fibrosis Centre in Buenos Aires City, Argentina, from 2004 to 2014

text: Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) is recognized as a significant respiratory pathogen in Cystic Fibrosis (CF) patients. The identification at species level among the 18 established Bcc members is an essential tool for epidemiological studies and infection control policies. In the early 2000s the epidemiology of Burkholderia cepacia (Bcc) in Argentina was characterized by the occurrence of a B. contaminans outbreak that took place in major CF centres. This situation was quite different from other countries where B. cenocepacia and B. multivorans have been the most frequent Bcc infecting species in CF patients. Although B. contaminans outbreak was studied, little is known about the evolution of Bcc epidemiology during the last years. The aim of this study was to analyse Bcc infections in CF patients (pt) attending Hospital de Niños “R. Gutiérrez” in 3 different periods between 2004 and 2014. Incidence and distribution of Bcc species have been described. 2004–2005: Incidence 13.5% (22/163 pt). B. contaminans 55.6% (10/18), B. cepacia 16.7% (3/18), B. cenocepacia and B. seminalis 11.1% (2/18), B. multivorans 5.6% (1/18), 4 nonviable strains. 2007–2009: Incidence 6.6% (12/181 pt). B. contaminans 72.7% (8/11), B. cepacia 27.3% (3/11), 1 nonviable strain. 2012–2014: Incidence 5.4% (10/184 pt). B. contaminans 90% (9/10), B. cepacia 10% (1/10). CONCLUSION: B. contaminans remains the most frequent isolated species among the new cases of infection. Although incidence values have decreased, these results suggest the situation with B. contaminans hasn't been solved yet. More studies specially focusing on the transmission of these bacteria and the possible sources of infection are needed.


25 Chronic rhinoviral infection in lung transplant recipients


Meeting report: Part III. Notes from the 20th Annual Clinical Virology Symposium, April 25–28, 2004, Clearwater Beach, FL, USA


Abstracts of the 2(nd) Global Congress on Molecular Pathology


COVID‐19 Presents High Risk to Older Persons


Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Community-Acquired Pneumonia. Spanish Society of Pulmonology and Thoracic Surgery (SEPAR)


Impact Factors!


Free paper and oral poster abstracts


PIV-36 Performance of the Qiagen Resplex II ver. 2.0 & ver. 3.0 multiplex assays for the detection of (H1N1V) pandemic influenza A in a London teaching hospital


PIV-37 Do viral respiratory co-pathogens contribute to morbidity & mortality in an outbreak of parainfluenza type 3 in haematology-oncology patients?


Oral Presentation Abstracts


title: Environmental Risk and Assessment Management System of High-level Biosafety Laboratory

text: How to avoid the potential risk from high-level biosafety laboratories (BSL-3, BSL-4) has been highly concerned by governments all over the world. Based on the study of construction status and environmental risk of high-level biosafety laboratories and on the study of the layout structure and bio risk measures of biosafety laboratory contaminants, this paper analyzed the key point of environmental risk, and proposed the risk management system of high-level biosafety laboratories. System framework and realization process is given in the paper in order to provide reference for domestic construction of high-level biosafety laboratories and the improvement of risk emergency system.


OP3-3 Effect of rTGF-β on nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) AND dsRNA dependent protein kinase (PKR) during experimental influenza infection in mice


XXX Reunión de la Sociedad Española de Neumología Pediátrica


CS15-03 Prevention of HCC Related to Viral Hepatitis


Vaccines


PP-180 Elaboration of viral vaccine delivery


MERS CoV infection - ecological investigations


docid: chcbiott

title: Acute care issues in internationally adopted children

text: Over the past decade there has been a dramatic increase in international adoptions in the United States. While most adopted children will have common illnesses, others may have unique medical issues as a result of the conditions in their birth country requiring a broadened differential diagnosis. Knowledge of these issues is essential in the management of these patients. This review will predominately focus on infectious disease issues commonly seen in international adoptees but will also discuss other medical conditions and some of the psychosocial issues which may be encountered by caregivers in the emergency department.


P176 Detection of respiratory viruses in cystic fibrosis: comparison of nasal FLOQ Swabs™ and sputum using the FilmArray® platform


Prospective Assessment of Diagnostic Infectious Disease Molecular PCR Testing with Early Fiberoptic Bronchoscopy (FOB) in the Evaluation of New Pulmonary Infiltrates in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT) and Acute Leukemia (AL) Patients (pts)


Effectiveness of masks and respirators against respiratory infections in healthcare workers: A systematic review and meta-analysis


SS7-3 A non-redundant role of IFN-λ in antiviral defense of the intestinal tract


China receives SARS warning


Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor in the lung with feeding vessel: mimicking a congenital lung malformation


Persistence of SARS-CoV in bat feces (Rhinolophus ferrumequinum) and implications for the ecology of SARS-CoV related viruses in nature


Untangling Alzheimer's Therapy


title: Can homemade fit testing solutions be as effective as commercial products?

text: BACKGROUND: Fit testing is used to determine whether a N95 mask will provide respiratory protection for the wearer by preventing inhalation of airborne transmitted microorganisms. National guidelines recommend that healthcare workers (HCW) who use N95 masks require fit testing. Quantitative fit testing requires the purchasing and use of fit testing solutions and associated equipment. In high volume, these solutions are expensive and may not be readily available, as was seen in the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic. The aim of this study was to determine how a homemade solution compared against a commercially available product and a placebo. METHODS: Afit test was performed on the same person, on three separate occasions, using three different solutions – commercial (45% sodium saccharin), homemade (to be disclosed) and placebo (water). The solution was double blinded and solutions were chosen and administered in a random order. RESULTS: Atotal of 48 people participated in this study.At the threshold testing stage, 8.3% did not taste any solution, 16.7% of people could taste the placebo, 89.6% could taste the commercial solution and 91.7% could taste the homemade solution. All persons who could taste the commercial solution could taste homemade solution. CONCLUSION: The findings of our study suggest that fit testing solutions could be made locally with a similar effect to that of commercial products, that quantitative fit testing is unreliable and that serious consideration should be given to the role of quantitative fit testing in future guidelines and standards. We recommend that this study be conducted on a larger scale to support our findings.


Liquorice compound beats latent herpesvirus


title: 65 Clinical outcomes of chronic “Prairie Epidemic Strain” Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in adults with cystic fibrosis

text: OBJECTIVES: Transmissible Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) strains have been described in CF and may be associated with a poorer prognosis. The “Prairie Epidemic Strain” (PES) has been recently identified in up to 30% of patients at prairie-based CF centres, however, its clinical impact remains to be determined. METHODS: A cohort study of adults with cystic fibrosis from 1981–2014 was conducted and all PA isolates from clinical visits were prospectively collected. PA strain typing at clinic enrolment, and most recent was conducted by PFGE. Patients were divided into one of four cohorts: no PA, transient PA, unique chronic PA, and chronic PES. Random effects and proportional Cox hazard models were conducted for outcome of death, transplantation and FEV1% decline. RESULTS: 204 patients (54% male) with CF were analysed: 38 no PA, 20 transient PA, 103 unique PA, 43 PES. Baseline FEV1% was lowest in the chronic PES group (p = 0.002). Overall rate of FEV1% decline was –1.19%/year (95% CI: –1.41 to –0.97, p<0.001); the chronic PES group had the greatest rate of decline at –1.24%/year (p<0.001). There were a total of 42 deaths and 37 transplants through 1862 and 2050 follow-up years, respectively. The age-adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for death was not different for the PA groups compared to the no PA group. Relative to the no PA group, risk of transplant was increased in those with chronic PES (HR 9.13, CI 1.29–69, p = 0.032) compared to the no PA group. CONCLUSION: Chronic PES infection is significantly associated with a greater rate of FEV1% decline and risk of lung transplantation but not with increased risk of death compared to no PA infection.


Viral infections in solid transplant patients


PI-7 The measles in Poland in period 2004–2009


title: Traditional Use, Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Quality Control of Species in Genus Bupleurum L.

text: Many species of genus Bupleurum L. have been pharmaceutically used mainly in Asia and Europe for thousand years. Their roots are the most popular ingredients in Chinese materia medica prescriptions for the treatment of inflammatory diseases and auto-immune diseases. A plenty of chemical constituents have been isolated and identified from the species in Bupleurum L., such as saikosaponins, polysaccharides, volatile oils, flavonoids, polyacetylenes, lignins, and coumarins, most of which possess a variety of biological activities, especially for the hepatoprotective effect, antitumor activity, immunoregulation, and febrifuge efficacy. Therefore, the species in genus Bupleurum L. could be potential herbs of immunomodulator, antineoplastic, anti-oxidant, etc. Meanwhile, as potential toxicities have been discovered in some constituents, it is urgent to establish a comprehensive quality evaluation system to ensure the safety and efficiency of herbs. This paper reviews on the phytochemical and pharmacological studies, especially for the toxicology and quality control of the species in Bupleurum L., which is a reference for the species in this genus for safe usage and further development.


Immune surveillance-related genes are significantly over expressed in the breast epithelium of postmenopausal parous women()


OL-043 Mechanism and therapeutic efficacy of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor agonist for virus-associated hemophagocytic syndrome


Highlights from the fifth IMED


Gastroenteritis aguda


docid: pyaaapuv

title: I-57 Emerging Bartonella in animal and human in China


Large cash boost to combat avian influenza


SUBJECT INDEX FOR VOLUME 37


Infectious diseases surveillance update


Critical care nursing: Expanding beyond critical care


docid: zsktpvgz

title: Drivers for MERS-CoV emergence in Qatar


TOC


A systematic review of healthcare associated outbreaks in Singapore post SARS: 2003-2016


OL-042 Specific T-cell responses to CFP-10 antigens of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Chinese HIV positive individuals


title: Promotion of seasonal influenza vaccination among staff in residential care homes for elderly in Hong Kong

text: Annual influenza epidemics continue to cause worldwide morbidity, mortality and societal disruption, especially among the aged residents of residential care homes for the elderly (RCHEs). Vaccination remains the most effective measure to prevent influenza and its associated complications. The seasonal influenza vaccine uptake rates among RCHE staff were much lower than that among residents. In order to increase uptake of influenza vaccination among RCHE staff in Hong Kong, this study developed and evaluated amultimodal vaccine promotion program (VPP) based on identified factors affecting vaccination acceptance or refusal within the Hong Kong Chinese context. Vaccine acceptance was found to be significantly associated with belief in vaccine efficacy, duration of service, staff group and providing direct care to residents. The focus group study revealed that RCHE staff's belief in the efficacy and safety of the vaccine played a major role in vaccine acceptance. VPP effectiveness was evaluated with a cluster randomised controlled trial among RCHEs with staff vaccination rates below 50%. Compared with 2008/09, the 2009/10 mean staff vaccination rates increased significantly in both the intervention (39.4% to 59.6% (P < 0.001)) and control groups (36.3% to 47.6% (P = 0.008)). RCHE staff in the intervention group had a higher vaccination rate than in the control group (59.6% versus 47.6%, P = 0.072). This program reinforces the importance of a comprehensive and culturally sensitive approach to promote influenza vaccination for RCHE staff.


Communicable Disease Control Handbook second edition


Scientific Program (as of June 21, 2010)


OP4-3 Molecular detection of respiratory viruses: routine application on 522 samples taken in children less than 2 year old


ABSTRACT BOOK


PP-086 Increase influenza virus yield by reverse genetics system through a strong RNA Polymerase II promoter


CS15-02 Current Japanese Strategies for Preventing HCC Development


docid: yrrjvthe

title: Identification of respiratory viruses detected during three consecutive winter seasons


P.036 GeneXpert and TaqMan-PCR assay for the detection of enterovirus/parechovirus in cerebrospinal fluid


Common Cold Viruses Early After Hsct Are Associated With Life Threatening Alloimmune Lung Syndromes


Reflections on emergency preparedness level of selected Asian hospitals visited during Bali Fellowship study tour


Avian & Exotic News


Generation of Coronavirus-based multigene RNA vectors


PIV-1 Respifinderplus for the diagnostics of respiratory infections with a focus on the 2009 A/H1N1 pandemic


Keyword Index, Volume 29 (2005)


Cause of Kawasaki syndrome uncertain again


P.035 Expression of the major capsid protein of JC and BK polyomavirus and herpes simplex and varicella zoster virus glycoproteins using a plasmid based system in insect cells


Ebola virus disease outbreak in West Africa and challenge of Hajj and Omrah in Saudi Arabia


Association for Molecular Pathology 2007 Annual Meeting Abstracts


title: Use of a Multiplex RT-PCR Assay for Simultaneous Detection of the North American Genotype Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus, Swine Influenza Virus and Japanese Encephalitis Virus

text: A multiplex reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (multiplex RT-PCR) assay was developed and subsequently evaluated for its efficacy in the detection of multiple viral infections simultaneously, in swine. Specific primers for each of the 3 RNA viruses, North American genotype porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, and swine influenza virus, were used in the testing procedure. The assay was shown to be highly sensitive because it could detect as little as 10(−5) ng of each of the respective amplicons in a single sample containing a composite of all 3 viruses. The assay was also effective in detecting one or more of the same viruses in various combinations in specimens, including lymph nodes, lungs, spleens, and tonsils, collected from clinically ill pigs and in spleen specimens collected from aborted pig fetuses. The results from the multiplex RT-PCR were confirmed by virus isolation. The relative efficiency (compared to the efficiency of separate assays for each virus) and apparent sensitivity of the multiplex RT-PCR method show that this method has potential for application in routine molecular diagnostic procedures.


P177 Characterisation of pathogens causing lung infection in people with cystic fibrosis by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS)


I-47 Creative hand hygiene campaigns


The nucleocapsid protein of SARS CoV interacts with PIAS1 and affects the NFkappaB pathway


PIV-26 Human bocavirus-monoinfection and viremia are associated with airway infection in children


Diagnostic Challenge


docid: ftiaqcqs

title: Is SARS masking an influenza threat?


Sindbis Virus Targets Cancers in Mice


Miniaturized drug discovery and high throughput microarrays for biological discovery


236 SARS-coronavirus inhibits interferon induction both at pre- and post-transcriptional levels


P.039 Is replacement of tAN cells in routine viral culture possible?


Natural Compounds Potentially Suppressible Corona Virus Infection Disease


OP3-2 Spread and evolution of avian influenza virus in poultry and wild-birds in Africa


From SARS and avian flu to swine flu


New infectious diseases centre opens in China


Le réanimateur à l'interface des pathologies infectieuses émergentes


Inhibition of HCoV-NL63 infection at early stages of the replication cycle


135. Safety of Liver-Directed AAV2/8-Mediated Gene Transfer in a Large Animal Model of Lysosomal Storage Disease


Index to Volume 6, 2004


Life threatening human metapneumovirus infections in the West of Scotland


27 Severe SARS coronavirus infection in aged macaques is associated with reduced expression of anti-inflammatory type-1 interferons


Diversity of Coronaviruses in Bats: Insights Into Origin of SARS Coronavirus


Facing the Global Challenges of Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases in Taiwan


docid: kzbkwpwl

title: Original research in The Lancet Infectious Diseases


title: Epidemiology, pathogenesis, and treatment of the common cold

text: The common cold is an acute illness of the upper respiratory tract caused by a virus acquired from another person. Some viruses that produce colds are capable of infecting an individual repeatedly (eg, respiratory syncytial virus); others, with many serotypes (eg, rhinovirus), infect only once. The sustained epidemic of colds that occurs annually during September through April is explained by successive waves of different viruses moving through a community. The peak incidence of colds occurs in preschool children, who typically sustain at least one illness per month during the epidemic period. Clinical manifestations of colds are largely subjective in adults. Colds in preschoolers differ from those in adults as follows: (1) fever is common in children during the first 3 days; (2) colored nasal secretions may be the only indication of nasal involvement in children; and (3) colds in children last 10 to 14 days, as compared with a duration of less than a week in adults. The paranasal sinuses and the middle ear cavities are commonly involved during viral colds in adults (and presumably in children) in the absence of bacterial superinfection. Cold symptoms are due to the host's response to the virus rather than to destruction of the nasal mucosa. Viral infection of a very limited portion of the nasal epithelium results in an influx of polymorphonuclear leukocytes, cytokine release, and a vascular leak. Colds are self-limited illnesses. Therefore, in the absence of adequate blinding of controls, ineffective treatments erroneously may be considered efficacious. None of the medicines used for symptom relief in colds is curative.


Epidemiology of respiratory coronaviruses (HCoV) in a Dutch university hospital


P.061 Clinical evaluation of pediatric viral acute respiratory tract infections detected by multiplex real-time PCR


docid: suosfunh

title: Newsbytes


M-VI Laboratory tools for diagnosis and monitoring of hepatitis C virus infection


Covering the Cover - May 2020


OP4-5 Genetic variants of human parvovirus B19 in South Africa: co-circulation of three genotypes and identification of a novel subtype of genotype 1.


CS14-04 The Development of an AIDS Mucosal Vaccine


SARS-Coronavirus ancestor's foot-prints in Thai bat colonies and the refuge theory: A phylogeography perspective


K.02 Re-emerging epidemiology of hepatitis virus infections in Europe?


docid: holahkps

title: Prevalence of Feline Coronavirus Antibodies in Cats in Bursa (Turkey) by An Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay


Keyword Index


Resolution of undefined aetiology of respiratory infections in lung transplant patients with unbiased metagenomic sequencing


The detection of human papilloma virus in infant respiratory tract papillomas


I-58 More and more human and animal coronaviruses


The role of respiratory viruses in developing bronchiolitis obliterans and IPS in pediatric HCT patients


OL-045 Clinical significance of beta-herpesvirus infections in HIV/AIDS and chronic fatigue syndrome patients in Latvia


title: Creating young scientists through community science projects

text: This research aimed to develop an STS-based learning unit on biological control to enhance scientific inquiry capability of secondary school students through community science projects. It was framed by the science-technology-society (STS) teaching approach, and focused on collaboration between individual students, peers, teachers, agriculturists, and local experts. Students were assessed for their scientific inquiry ability at the beginning and the end of the learning process using five instruments: experimental skill test, students’ laboratory reports, students’ science projects, semi-structured interview and classroom observation. The results showed that the STS-based learning unit on biological control helped students gain significant improvement in scientific inquiry. They were able to apply and integrate the scientific knowledge learned in both classroom and field studies to help solve agricultural problems in their own communities. Moreover, this learning unit encouraged students’ skills in solving problems in other situations.


From Taiwan's experience to global prevention and control of pandemic influenza - surveillance, epidemiology and public health policies


Nucleic acid amplification tests for detection of respiratory viruses


docid: mzjlwfko

title: keyword index


Improved laboratory diagnosis of HTLV in corneal transplant donor specimens


The hidden epidemic: MERS-CoV-related stigma observations from the field, Qatar 2012-2015


Chapter 1 discovery of the aquaporins and their impact on basic and clinical physiology


Multiplex RT-PCR for detecting nineteen respiratory viruses


WHO's avian influenza tsar takes Director-General post


Retinal degenerations of hereditary, viral and autoimmune origins: Studies on opsin and IRBP


Mass screening for fever: A comparison of three infrared thermal dectection systems and selfreported fever


Human Coronavirus (HCOV) and Rhinovirus (HRHV) Infection among Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HCT) Recipients


docid: huycvefo

title: Community Acquired Pneumonia Etiology Study (CAPES): Experience of over 4000 cases from a single centre in India


title: Viral pneumonia in children

text: Viral pneumonia causes a heavy burden on our society. In the United States, more than one million cases of pneumonias afflict children under the age of 5 years, costing hundreds of millions of dollars annually. The majority of these infections are caused by a handful of common viruses. Knowledge of the epidemiology of these viruses combined with new rapid diagnostic techniques will provide faster and more, reliable diagnoses in the future. Although the basic clinical epidemiology of these viruses has been carefully investigated over the last 30 years, new molecular techniques are greatly expanding our understanding of these agents and the diseases they cause. Antigenic and genetic variations are being discovered in many viruses previously thought to be homogeneous. The exact roles and the biological significance of these variations are just beginning to be explored, but already evidence of differences in pathogenicity and immunogenicity has been found in many of these substrains. All of this information clearly will impact the development of future vaccines and antiviral drugs. Effective drugs exist for prophylaxis against influenza A and respiratory syncytial virus, and specific therapy exists for influenza A. Ribarivin is approved for use in respiratory synctial virus infections, and it alone or in combination with other agents (eg, IGIV) may be effective in immunocompromised patients, either in preventing the development of pneumonia or in decreasing morbidity and mortality. Many new antiviral agents are being tested and developed, and several are in clinical trials.


Atypical presentation and nosocomial spread - intensifying the MERS mystery and misery


Editor's Choice


OP3-9 Adenovirus DNA positivity in nasopharyngeal aspirate preceding stem cell transplantation: a very strong predictor for Adenovirus DNA-emia in pediatric patients


PP-084 Early virologic response predicts therapeutic outcomes in adefovir-treated HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients


SARS—What is next and how do you know?


Interferon-lambda mediates resistance against various respiratory viruses


docid: nyxdfobe

title: Major infectious diseases of children in developing countries: Challenges and opportunities of today and the future


title: Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis associated with viral infections: Diagnostic challenge and therapeutic dilemma()

text: Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis is a frequently fatal clinicopathologic syndrome in which an uncontrolled and ineffective immune response leads to severe hyperinflammation. It may occur as either a familial disorder or a sporadic condition in association with a variety of triggers: infections, malignancies, autoimmune diseases, and acquired immune deficiencies. However, the most consistent association is with viral infections, especially Epstein–Barr virus. The main clinical features are fever, liver dysfunction, coagulation abnormalities and pancytopenia. Early diagnosis and treatment are important to reducing mortality, but the diagnosis is difficult because of the rarity of the syndrome and the lack of specificity of the clinical findings. Treatment should be directed toward treating the underlying disease and to suppressing the exaggerated inflammatory response through the use of immunosuppressive agents.


Trent HCV study: mortality rates and ethnic differences in outcome


Infectious diseases high on agenda in WHO leadership race


docid: njespogv

title: Cumulative Index 2000


Mosaic structure of human coronavirus NL63, one thousand years of evolution


RNA virus replication


Risque de récurrence à 1 an d’une population de nourrissons ayant présenté une bronchiolite aiguë : le poids de l’allergie familiale ?


Summary Report of a Meeting on the Estimation of the Potency of Inactivated Poliovaccine: Institut Pasteur, Paris 12–13 February 1990


Forthcoming topics


docid: snmuwfds

title: M-II Quality control in a molecular virology laboratory


CS15.2 Drug design and development against EV71 and other enteroviruses


Enteric virus detection and identification with a universal virus discovery assay


634: Clinical Outcome of Brazilian Lung Transplant Recipients after Respiratory Virus Infections


EPS4.6 Inherent differences in multiple breath washout (MBW) using N(2) and SF(6) demonstrated by simultaneous analysis with respiratory mass spectrometry (RMS)


Viral burden in acute respiratory tract infections in hospitalized children in the wet and dry zones of Sri Lanka


EPS4.3 Differential sensitivity of outcome measures that assess progression of mild CF lung disease in school age children


The spread of filthy lucre and disease


Author/subject index


Spectre of SARS still looms


docid: spdpukgw

title: IDM editorial statement on the 2019-nCoV