title: A subtidal transect in Jervis Bay, New South Wales

text: Long‐term variations in the intertidal algal flora of the entire rock platform at Plantation Point, Jervis Bay, are described by May (1981). The study now reported presents similar long‐term changes in the flora of a subtidal region of the same headland, observed within the same period of time. This first detailed report of subtidal macroalgal communities in New South Wales describes a several‐year study of the benthic communities along a transect in the upper sublittoral region of a rocky headland at Plantation Point, Jervis Bay. Eighty‐nine species of algae were recorded, five of which were previously unrecorded for New South Wales. The area studied is dominated by the large brown algae Ecklonia radiata and Phyllospora comosa, large areas of which were cleared periodically by storms. Turf, shade and crustose coralline algal communities also were present. Storms, seasonal variation and longer term changes all affected the abundance and distribution of the algal species growing along the transect and hence the floristic composition of the area.


title: SYSTEMATIC IMPLICATIONS OF SEED COAT MORPHOLOGY IN NAMA (HYDROPHYLLACEAE)

text: Seeds from 37 species of Nama (Hydrophyllaceae) were examined by scanning electron microscopy in order to assess systematic implications of seed coat structure. Generally, seed coat morphology is species specific. Nevertheless, similarities among species in seed coat organization, particularly, outer testa anatomy and wall thickening‐pitting patterns allow the recognition of six groups among examined taxa; furthermore, seed coat features often suggest both intra‐group and inter‐group relationships. Recognized groupings do not correspond well with the more classicial treatments of Nama; rather, they suggest that a restructuring of the infrageneric and even the generic taxonomy of Nama is in order.


title: Immunisation Rates in Older Veterans and War Widows

text: Aim: To study the immunisation rates of veterans and war widows aged 70 years and above in New South Wales and Queensland, as part of the Preventive Care Trial. Method: A trained health care worker assessed subjects at home regarding health, illness and immunisation status. Results: Suboptimal immunisation rate for influenza (72%) and poor rates for pneumococcus (14%) and tetanus (43%) were detected. Conclusion: Subjects in this study were not immunised according to recommended guidelines. Further education campaigns are warranted to improve immunisation rates in older people.


title: First‐instar larva of Palaestra rufipennis (Westwood, 1841) and other Australian blister beetles (Coleoptera, Meloidae, Nemognathinae)

text: This is the first study of Australian blister beetle larvae. The first‐instar larva of one species of the endemic genus Palaestra Laporte de Castelnau, 1840, is described as well as those of other phoretic species without adult association and consequently unplaced to genus. Two main larval types (Groups 1 and 2) are recognised, as are distinct morphotypes within each group. Although both groups are assignable to the Nemognathinae, they are characterised by traits not paralleled by subfamily representatives from other regions of the world. Group 1, which includes Palaestra, is the more distinctive, whereas Group 2 shares most characteristics with members of the cosmopolitan tribe Nemognathini. A tabular comparison of larval groups and morphotypes is included.


Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: ASBMT/CIBMTR 2010 tandem meeting highlights and discussion


ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS


Australian Association of Gerontology 36th National Conference Abstracts


title: ECOLOGICAL DIVERSITY IN NORTH AMERICAN PINES

text: Ecological groups were identified from 34 North American species of pine using multivariate analysis of 18 ecological traits. Five adaptive modes are described: 1) fire‐resistant species that are large, thick‐barked, and have large cones and long needles; 2) tall, fast‐growing mesophytic species with moderately high shade tolerance; 3) stress‐tolerant species with animal‐dispersed seeds, occurring mainly on cold or dry sites where fire is infrequent; 4) fire‐resilient species that are precocious reproducers with small seeds, often in serotinous cones; and 5) species of southern mesic sites with fast growth, strong, heavy wood and short persistence of needles. Intermediates between these modes exist. Convergent evolution has occasionally occurred, as shown by high ecological similarity of species in different taxonomic sections within Pinus. However, the analogies between species are imperfect, suggesting the importance of constraint by shared ancestry and divergence produced by a diversity of environments.


Abstracts TPS


Oral Abstract Session OAS


Poster Session Group I


Poster Discussion Session PDS


POSTER SESSIONS


Poster Sessions 2


Poster Session Group III


title: Executive summary

text: Allergic rhinitis is now recognized as a major cause of morbidity that significantly impairs function and quality of life. Moreover, it is now widely held that the pathophysiologic mechanisms causing nasal allergy contribute, or predispose many individuals, to the development of other airway diseases, including asthma. Allergic rhinitis may well be a factor in 24% of children with otitis media with effusion (OME), and perhaps 28% of cases of chronic sinusitis. As many as 78% of persons with asthma aged 15 to 30 years have elevated serum IgE antibodies to five common aeroallergens. In many instances, nasal allergy signals the presence of more severe disease. Considerable evidence now suggests that early and appropriate intervention can improve the quality of life and productivity of patients with allergic rhinitis, enhance the academic performance of children, and reduce the prevalence of airway complications. The goal of treatment has shifted from mere symptom alleviation to blocking the pathophysiologic mechanisms that cause chronic allergic inflammation and leave patients vulnerable to airway infections. The earlier in a patient's life that this can be accomplished, the better the anticipated consequences. A panel of experts was convened in Amsterdam, The Netherlands, on 2 September 1996, to explore these issues and their impact on allergy prevention and treatment in primary care. Their undertaking was supported by an unrestricted educational grant from Schering‐Plough Pharmaceuticals.


Abstracts: Poster session


Book received


PERSONAL


Limitations to the realisation of potential production – neonatal calf disease


title: Overview of Monitoring Techniques for Evaluating Water Quality at Potable Reuse Treatment Facilities

text: Needless to say, the safety of treated water for potable reuse must be definitively ensured. Numerous methods are available for assessing water quality; it's important to understand their challenges and limitations.


title: In this issue – October 2010

text: Computed tomography diagnosis of brain infarction in dogs · Tibial tuberosity advancement in canine stifles · Holter monitoring in dogs with mitral valve disease · Staggers in horses grazing paspalum infected with Claviceps paspali · Distal luxation of the patella in a horse · Escherichia coli and Salmonella serotypes in sheep at slaughter · Alzheimer type II astrocytes in the brains of pigs with salt poisoning · Classification of infectious bronchitis viruses in poultry field specimens · Mortality events in sea‐caged yellowtail kingfish


docid: xfiauluq

title: Cytokines in Veterinary Medicine


Origin of SARS remains a mystery


Oral Abstract


title: Africa Research Bulletin, Economic, Financial and Technical Series, January 16th–February 15th 2004 Published March 18th 2004

text: In This Issue FDI Missed Opportunities 15954 Angola Accounting Problems 15957 Ghana Economic Commission's Report 15959 Budget 2004 15966 Malawi Strategies For Growth 15961 Botswana Budget 2004 15963 Nile Treaty Under Threat 15985 Contents Continental Developments 15953 Policy and Practice 15957 Communications and Transport 15972 Commodities 15976 Industries 15982 Economic Aid 15957 15973 Rates 15975 Index 15986


docid: ovrtuhse

title: Contributed Abstracts


Infectious Diseases of the Dog and Cat


The Political Economy of the SARS Epidemic: the impact on human resources in East Asia ‐ by Grace O.M. Lee and Malcolm Warner


title: Detecting Viruses in Water

text: Various and divergent approaches that have been used to concentrate and assay viruses from tap water and environmental freshwaters are summarized and briefly explained. The basic principles behind the different methodologies and descriptions of the most recent developments are emphasized. Comparisons help demonstrate the relative sensitivities of different concentration and assay techniques.


Book Shelf


AAPA Presentation Schedule


UK eyes way medicine is sold


Inaugural Meeting of the International Society of Obstetric Medicine: 21–25 October 2003, Fremantle, Western AustraliaRefereed Abstracts of Original Oral Presentations at the Meeting


Graphisches Inhaltsverzeichnis: Angew. Chem. 34/2007


docid: aphdthtz

title: BOOK REVIEWS

text: Book reviewed in this article: Digestive physiology and nutrition of ruminants: Digestive Physiology and Nutrition of Ruminants Vol 3 Practical Nutrition Veterinary virology: The Professor Margaret Sabine Virology Course. Advances in Veterinary Virology Veterinary biology and medicine of captive amphibians and reptiles: Veterinary Biology and Medicine of Captive Amphibians and Reptiles Growth and development in cattle: Patterns of Growth and Development in Cattle Laboratory data and biochemical values: Veterinary Laboratory Data. B. Rushton Laboratory data and biochemical values: Biochemical Values in Equine Medicine. D. J. Blackmore and D. Brobst Production diseases of farm animals: Proceedings 3rd International Conference on Production Diseases in Farm Animals Veterinary cancer medicine: Veterinary Cancer Medicine. Numerous authors. Eds G. H. Theilen and B. R. Madewell Diseases of cattle: Diseases of Cattle A to Z Tumours in domestic animals: Tumours in Domestic Animals. Ed Jack E. Moulton


AMERICAN TRANSPLANT CONGRESS 2012 ABSTRACTS


THE ANTHELMINTIC ACTIVITY OF THIABENDAZOLE (M.K.360)


ZIMBABWE: Warming Up to Dubai


The Feline Patient, 3(rd) Edition ‐ Edited by Norsworthy GD, Crystal MA, Grace S, Tilley LP


Graphical Abstract: Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 8/2013


INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON NEONATAL DIARRHOEA


Atlas of Equine Ultrasonography


Protein Crystallography in Drug Discovery. (Series: Methods and Principles in Medicinal Chemistry, Vol. 20.). Edited by Robert E. Babine and Sherin S. Abdel‐Meguid.


Marjorie Ann Reid


AAHL joins team to develop SARS tests


title: Update: Severe Respiratory Illness Associated With Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS‐CoV)—Worldwide, 2012–2013

text: A novel coronavirus has been reported as a cause of severe respiratory illness in patients in the Middle East. The implications for transplant patients are unknown but donors and recipients with unexplained severe respiratory illness and travel to the Arabian peninsula may be infected with this virus.


AFRICAN UNION: 33rd Summit


title: In this issue – April 2012

text: Financial effect of bovine Johne's disease · Detection of rotavirus and coronavirus in calf faeces · Canine vector‐borne diseases · Parvovirus in the bone marrow of cats · Toxoplasmosis in flying foxes · Poxvirus infection in common ringtails · Inferior alveolar nerve blocks in horses · Chewing disease in grazing horses


Murdoch's Veterinary School achieves AVMA accreditation


title: Waterborne Viral Gastroenteritis

text: In studying the causes of human gastroenteritis, electron microscopy and related techniques have led to the identification of new viral agents that had previously escaped detection by routine cell culture procedures. Efforts to characterize and study these agents further are currently being made by researchers in many areas of the world. Two of the best‐known agents, rotavirus and Norwalk virus, have been implicated in waterborne outbreaks of this illness. Another virus, the Snow Mountain agent, was first identified from the investigation of one waterborne gastroenteritis outbreak.


title: Propagation of bovine coronavirus in clones of the Caco‐2 cell line showing different levels of alkaline phosphatase activity

text: The aim of the present study was to determine whether bovine coronavirus (BCV) has the ability to initiate infection in a human colon carcinoma cell line, Caco‐2, that has been established to spontaneously differentiate after confluence. When Caco‐2 cells were infected with BCV, a titer of 5.5 × 10(6) plaque‐forming units (p.f.u.)/mL was found in the culture supernatant at 5 days postinfection. Two clones, Caco‐2/CA1 and Caco‐2/CA2, were then isolated by monitoring alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and cell proliferation activities. The ALP activity level of CA1 cells was significantly higher than that of CA2 cells, while the level of cell proliferation activity of CA1 was significantly lower than that of CA2. When CA1 and CA2 cells were infected with BCV at confluence, virus hemagglutination (HA) was detected in the culture supernatant at 5 days postinfection for CA1 cells and at 8 days postinfection for CA2 cells. Thus, BCV propagation was substantially delayed in CA2 cells, suggesting that a cellular factor(s) that appears at the differentiation stage may control BCV propagation. BCV‐susceptible CA1 and CA2 cells showing different levels of ALP activity would be useful for further experiments to elucidate the mechanism of BCV propagation.


Infectious diseases law and severe acute respiratory syndrome – medical and legal responses and implications: the Singapore experience


Viral Diseases of Cattle


docid: rqwobdvt

title: Abstracts 544 ‐ 1089


AUSTRALIAN VETERINARY ASSOCIATION PROGRAM FOR ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING IN PERTH, MAY 1970


title: First Confirmed Cases of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS‐CoV) Infection in the United States, Updated Information on the Epidemiology of MERS‐CoV Infection, and Guidance for the Public, Clinicians, and Public Health Authorities—May 2014

text: This report highlights the first two cases of MERS coronavirus in the United States. Although these patients were not transplant recipients, it is important for transplant professionals to be aware of this infection and to consider it when evaluating patients with respiratory illnesses and travel to the Arabian peninsula.


Australian veterinarian visits China to investigate SARS virus


Full Issue


title: Update: Severe Respiratory Illness Associated With a Novel Coronavirus—Worldwide, 2012–2013

text: A novel coronavirus associated with severe respiratory tract illness and person‐to‐person spread has been described in patients with travel to the Arabian peninsula and neighboring countries as well as their close contacts. Although not yet described in transplant recipients or donors, providers should be aware of this association.


title: A Bioorthogonal Chemical Reporter of Viral Infection

text: Pathogen‐selective labeling was achieved by using the novel gemcitabine metabolite analogue 2′‐deoxy‐2′,2′‐difluoro‐5‐ethynyluridine (dF‐EdU) and click chemistry. Cells infected with Herpes Simplex Virus‐1 (HSV‐1), but not uninfected cells, exhibit nuclear staining upon the addition of dF‐EdU and a fluorescent azide. The incorporation of the dF‐EdU into DNA depends on its phosphorylation by a herpes virus thymidine kinase (TK). Crystallographic analyses revealed how dF‐EdU is well accommodated in the active site of HSV‐1 TK, but steric clashes prevent dF‐EdU from binding human TK. These results provide the first example of pathogen‐enzyme‐dependent incorporation and labeling of bioorthogonal functional groups in human cells.


Almost armageddon: a personal perspective of sars


title: BOOK REVIEWS

text: Book reviewed in this article: Dogs and Cats in the Urban Environment:AHandbook of Municipal Pet Management, 2nd edition, RW Murray and HE Penridge Consultations in Feline Internal Medicine 3, JR August, WB Saunders Co, Distributed by Harcourt Brace Co Animal Health Strategies, B Jones, FT Pharmaceuticals & Healthcare Publishing


Graphical Abstract: Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 34/2007


Wachstumsschöpfer


Mitarbeiter binden mit günstigen Versicherungen


Start & Szene


Zurück zum Gemeinsinn: Appell für solidarische Wirtschaftsgesinnung


docid: dykigkod

title: Niet te veel argwaan


docid: nyvmtthx

title: Coronavirus-Infected International Business Transactions: A Preliminary Diagnosis


docid: uynbprrn

title: Neurologie in Zeiten von COVID-19


Das Gesundheitssystem muss resilienter werden


title: The Applicability of the Law of the WTO to Green Energy Security

text: This chapter explores a new perspective for the debate surrounding green energy disputes within the current WTO rules. Studies of green energy trade under the WTO have predominantly focused on the balance between WTO obligations and domestic public policy space for green energy initiatives as a way to address environmental and climate change objectives. This chapter, however, analyses whether there is any flexibility within the current WTO rules, specifically the GATT exceptions, and the interpretations given to them, that permit trade restrictive measures that support national green energy policies with a view of ensuring energy security. Overall, this chapter demonstrates that (i) green energy development has increasingly come to be associated with energy security in the WTO jurisprudence, and (ii) there might be some room for green energy security within the defences under GATT Articles III:8(a), Article XX(a) and (j) and Article XXI. However, these defences have limited applicability and may also have undesirable outcomes.


title: Zingevingscrisis

text: De Managers zijn in onze neoliberale samenleving een niet meer weg te denken macht geworden. Boeken met titels als ‘Succesvol leiderschap’, ‘Timemanagement’ of ‘De wegnaar de top’ hebben een grote invloed gehad op de manier van werken in diverse sectoren van de maatschappij. Vooral in de gezondheidszorg zijn ze de afgelopen decennia opgerukt. Het aantal managers is inmiddels een veelvoud van het aantal dokters.


Events


Virus cripples China refinery demand


Digital arbeiten - der Stresstest


Aufklärung bald nur noch via Skype?!: Zu den Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der Fernaufklärung


title: Transparency and trust: risk communications and the Singapore experience in managing SARS

text: SARS was Singapore's worst experience of an infectious outbreak in its brief history as an independent nation. The key instruments in managing public fear and panic were transparency and trust. The highest levels of government were mobilised and every conceivable channel and medium utilised to educate the domestic populace and reassure the international community. Maintaining transparency and nurturing trust did not come easy. There was concern over public morale and resilience, the absence of an international level playing field and the difficulty in differentiating Singapore from countries which managed SARS badly. Achieving trust of the domestic populace was the more difficult task and the government and political leaders had to be seen doing and initiating a range of tangible actions and activities to reassure the public. Singapore also came in for much criticism from other countries for its ‘draconian’ measures to contain the disease through home quarantine orders and other stern measures on social discipline. Risk communications is an established methodology and lessons can be drawn from the experience of many countries in managing outbreaks touching on public health. While Singapore may be unique for its particular circumstances, its experience highlighted the critical importance of ensuring transparency and public trust in confronting the disease. This paper is based on a presentation to the plenary session at the first World Health Organization (WHO) Expert Consultation on Outbreak Communications held in Singapore from 21–23rd September, 2004.


title: Case Study I: Ontology-Based Multi-Agent System for Human Disease Studies

text: In this chapter, we shall put the Onto-Agents Methodology into practice and use it step by step to develop a Generic Human Disease Ontology (GHDO) and to design a multi-agent system that can use the designed GHDO for intelligent information retrieval. In Section 2, we discuss the domain of human diseases, the purpose of the ontology, the community of users and agents for which this ontology is being developed, and applications based on the designed ontology. The aligning and merging of existing medical ontologies against the defined ontology structure is discussed in Section 3. Section 4 describes how to design the ontology base, while Section 5 explains the design of the ontology commitment layer. In Section 6, we discuss the evaluation of the GHDO. In Section 7, we identify and describe different groups of agents according to their functions and responsibilities within the system. In Section 8, we describe a mechanism by which GHDO ontology is used in this system during the processes of problem solving, task and result sharing, and assembling of results. In Section 9, we focus on the structural organization of the agents within the system and define agents’ collaborations. Individual agent structure and agents’ components are described in Section 10. In Section 11, we discuss security issues within the multi-agent system. Examples of the use of the designed systems are given in Section 12.


title: 1 Algemene inleiding

text: Uit deze algemene inleiding kunnen de volgende conclusies worden getrokken: Speeksel heeft een grote verscheidenheid aan functies die vooral te maken hebben met de bescherming van de harde en zachte mondweefsels. Speeksel is daarnaast betrokken bij groei en ontwikkeling van alle orale weefsels. Bovendien speelt speeksel een essentiële rol bij smaakgewaarwording en spijsvertering. Door de ontwikkelingen in de biotechnologie zijn nieuwe ontstekingsremmers, bloedstollingsremmers en antibiotica gesynthetiseerd op basis van speekseleiwitten, zoals histatinen. Speekselanalyse kan gebruikt worden bij de diagnostiek van een aantal systemische aandoeningen. Onderzoek van insectenspeeksels heeft verschillende farmacologische toepassingen opgeleverd voor antibloedstolling, bloedvatverwijding en remming van ontstekingen.


title: Fighting SARS with a Hastily Formed Network

text: Globalization and advanced Information and Communication Technologies have enhanced the role of networking between organizations in business and public sectors. Examples of public networking are disaster relief (Stephenson, 2004), disease control management, military (coalition-based) campaigns (Alberts, Garstka, & Stein, 2000), and law enforcement. We discuss the SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) case to learn how global interorganizational networks can be successfully instantiated. The purpose of this study is to improve our understanding of interorganizational network instantiation and to examine some mechanisms leading to successful interorganizational network performance. The paper is structured as follows. First, we present briefly the SARS case. Next, we discuss the concept of hastily formed networks and some concepts that have been introduced by Hagel and Brown (2005). Finally, we analyze the SARS case with these concepts and draw some lessons from the case study.


title: Laboratory biosecurity in the United States: Evolution and regulation

text: In light of terrorist events in the United States and in recognition of the potential for diversion of highly pathogenic organisms for illicit purposes, the US Congress has in the past 15 years enacted a series of laws designed to enhance laboratory biosecurity. The Office of the President has also issued orders intended to implement and augment these new statutes imposing additional procedural and technical requirements on laboratories working with Select Agents and Toxins. Researchers and laboratory managers can substantially influence the implementation of new mandates with a thorough understanding of the regulatory process, reviewed in this chapter from a historical perspective with an emphasis on the practical aspects of rule-making procedures carried out by the Departments of Agriculture and Health and Human Services.


title: When the Rubber Hits the Road

text: This chapter commences with a discussion for ensuring a start-up enterprise survives by knowing some of the common mistakes that lead to failure. This is followed by a discussion of how to establish a routine. An important discussion on cash flow management ensues. Managing expectations of clients and shareholders is next discussed and concludes with pointers on how to stay the course.


title: Participants – Multilateral Organizations and International Financial Institutions

text: Multilateral organizations are composed of sovereign governments. They may be regional, organized around a common issue or function, or global. International financial institutions (IFIs) are international banks composed of sovereign member states that use public money from the Member States to provide technical and financial support for developing countries. The United Nations is the organization most involved in the mitigation of, preparedness for, response to, and recovery from disasters around the world. It is considered the best equipped to do so because of its strong relationships with most countries, especially the developing countries where assistance is most needed. When disasters strike, the UN is one of the first organizations to mobilize, and it remains in the affected countries during the recovery period for many years after. The Consolidated Appeal Process is one way the UN garners international support for relief and reconstruction. In many regions, governments have formed smaller international organizations, many of which address risk, as well. The IFIs provide nations with low capital reserves funding in the aftermath of disasters recovery reconstruction. The World Bank is regarded as one of the largest sources of development assistance.


title: Preclinical Toxicology of Vaccines

text: Immunity to targeted infectious diseases may be conferred or enhanced by vaccines, which are manufactured from recombinant forms as well as inactivated or attenuated organisms. These vaccines have to meet requirements for safety, quality, and efficacy. In addition to antigenic components, various adjuvants may be included in vaccines to evoke an effective immune response. To ensure the safety of new vaccines, preclinical toxicology studies are conducted prior to the initiation of, and concurrently with, clinical studies. There are five different types of preclinical toxicology study in the evaluation of vaccine safety: single and/or repeat dose, reproductive and developmental, mutagenicity, carcinogenicity, and safety pharmacology. If any adverse effects are observed in the course of these studies, they should be fully evaluated and a final safety decision made accordingly. Successful preclinical toxicology studies depend on multiple factors including using the appropriate study designs, using the right animal model, and evoking an effective immune response. Additional in vivo and in vitro assays that establish the identity, purity, safety, and potency of the vaccine play a significant role in assessing critical characteristics of vaccine safety.


Management of Exacerbations in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease


Residential and Apartment Buildings


Heart Transplantation for Advanced Heart Failure


Sentinel Disease Signs and Symptoms


OVERVIEW AND DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURES


Legal, Social, and Ethical Issues


Mixed-Use Buildings


Kawasaki Disease


Infecciones virales de las vías respiratorias altas


Gastroenterology and Nutrition


Diarrhea in Foals


docid: fjumlzic

title: 250 examens de laboratoire


Erupciones inflamatorias y purpúricas


Liver


Diseases of the Respiratory System


An unrecognizable world


Retraso diagnóstico durante la pandemia por COVID-19: absceso hepático secundario a colecistitis aguda litiásica


Diary


L’alimentation et la complexité de ses composants, vers l’alimentome ?


Ecolab Inc, USA


BLOQUEANTES DEL SISTEMA RENINA-ANGIOTENSINA E INFECCIÓN POR COVID-19


Prise en charge en urgence d’un salarié avec suspicion d’une infection au COVID-19


title: One Health

text: One Health is defined as an approach of integrating animal, human, and environmental health to mitigate diseases. One Health promotes public health by studying all factors, such as agriculture, food, and water security, mechanisms of toxicity and pathogenesis of acute and chronic diseases, sociology, economics, and ecosystem health (to name a few). Such an approach is essential because human, animal, and ecosystem health are inextricably linked; therefore, with this One Health approach, we are called to work together to promote, improve, and defend the health and well-being of all by enhancing cooperation and collaboration between physicians, veterinarians social scientists, economists, psychologists, legal professionals, philosophers, and other scientific health and environmental professionals. As such, the One Health movement and approach is a growing vision in global health and is gaining increasing recognition by national and international institutions, organizations, stakeholders, NGOs, and health policymakers. Likewise, the role of world-class universities is pivotal in discovering One Health scientific knowledge and translating them to policy and evidence-based practices. Universities have responsibilities to train future professionals capable of solving global health issues through interdisciplinary scientific knowledge, integrative approaches to teaching, research collaboration, community linkages, and leadership. This chapter discusses the importance of One Health and the role of higher education institutions’ One Health partnerships to improve global health.


title: Chapter 4: Can Mandatory Vaccination of Health Care Professionals during an Influenza Pandemic ever be Justified?

text: Objectives: To discuss whether, during an influenza pandemic, public health authorities could be ethically justified in implementing a mandatory vaccination program directed at health care professionals. Methods: Ethical analysis is carried out by examining arguments that can be made in favor or against such a mandatory measure and by seeking a reasonably balanced position between them. Arguments under consideration are based on the duties of health professionals and public health authorities, the consequences of their actions and on other ethical principles. The importance of relevant empirical data is stressed without any attempt to review or analyze them systematically. Results: Mandatory vaccination of some health care professionals during a serious pandemic of influenza can be justified, but only under certain limited conditions. Conclusions: In the throes of an influenza pandemic, health care professionals (and to a variable degree, other health care workers) have an ethical obligation to accept influenza vaccination if it is reasonably safe and effective. The ethical responsibility of public health authorities is to limit the impact of a pandemic on the population by all reasonable means, which clearly includes the appropriate use of vaccine. Consequently, the vaccination of health care staff can be made mandatory under certain conditions. However, a critical objection to this conclusion, which upholds that a voluntary vaccination program (an ethically much less problematic intervention) is just as effective, needs to be addressed.


title: 10. The Political Ecology of Plague in the Global Network of Cities: The Sars Epidemic of 2002–2003

text: In the late autumn of 2002 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) broke out in Foshan city in the People's Republic of China, and over the next few months it rapidly spread to every continent and 29 countries. Although plagues may be global events, they are ultimately fought at the local level. In discussing the SARS epidemic, I present two theses. (1) In the wake of a plague, politics tends to shape a community's response in protecting the system, evaluating performances and allocating blame, punishments, and rewards, and restructuring organizations. (2) Because of their potential for demographic and institutional destruction, systemic responses to plague tend to become entwined in politics at all levels – the local, national, and international.


title: ‘Promoted by Hong Tao, the Chlamydia Hypothesis Had Become Well Established...': Understanding the 2003 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) Epedemic - But Which One?

text: Purpose – The aims of this chapter are twofold – first, to develop an understanding of the ways in which primary historical data come to be transformed across generations of popular science histories of emerging epidemics; and second, to develop an understanding of the ways in which those transformations impact on our ability to know what really happened during those epidemics. Approach – The chapter begins with a rhetorical analysis of one particularly influential account of the 2003 severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbreak. Therein, we learn that the race to discover the outbreak's aetiology was tainted by scientific malpractice; that an esteemed Chinese microbiologist, Dr. Hong, apparently promoted his own, patently false, aetiological discovery, stifled debate on the matter and, in doing so, held the international response to the outbreak back by a number of weeks. But how was this account rhetorically constructed? And how did it engage with Dr. Hong's own research work? Findings – Does Hong deserve to be remembered as an inept scientist? Subsequent accounts have been quick to repeat this one, founding text's account, suggesting that ‘yes, he does’. This chapter, however, returns to the primary data, examines the ways in which the original account troped those data and moves to suggest that ‘no, he does not’. Contributions to the field – Teasing out the more general implications of this particular case study, the chapter concludes with a discussion of the analytical gains that might accrue if other popular scientific histories of emerging epidemics were approached as ‘topics’ rather than ‘resources’.


Weary from the Future, Hong Kong


title: In Case You Haven't Heard…

text: Two trillion dollars later, with states fighting for ventilators and other COVID‐19 equipment, the opioid epidemic, with methamphetamine close on its heels, has not abated. If anything, it has gotten worse. There was no money in the CARES Act for single state authorities (SSAs) in charge of the Substance Abuse Prevention and Treatment (SAPT) block grant. Nothing in it recommends that money be put in the SAPT block grant — as the SSAs had requested. Nothing in it allows the rule related to mobile units for methadone to be made effective immediately (which the SSAs and others had requested). The SSAs also recommended allowing State Opioid Response year 3 money to be used to address what states are seeing on the ground, giving them more flexibility. Nope.


Drug Resistance in Bacteria: Edited by S Mitsuhashi. pp 429. Japans Scientific Societies Press, Tokyo and Thieme-Stratton Inc, New York. 1982. DM 148. ISBN 0-86577-085-9


title: Erkältungsviren: Keine Hoffnung auf Immunität

text: Über 200 verschiedene Viren aus fünf Gattungen können beim Menschen eine Erkältung auslösen. Nur die wenigsten Infektionen münden in eine starke Erkältung. Ihre Symptome werden nicht durch die Viren selbst ausgelöst, sondern sind größtenteils das Resultat von durch das angeborene Immunsystem ausgelösten Entzündungsreaktionen. Erkältungen können nicht verhindert, aber ihr Verlauf gemildert werden. Da der Mensch pro Erkältung immer nur durch einen, aber meist von Infektion zu Infektion wechselnden Virustyp infiziert wird, ist eine vollständige Immunität gegen alle Viren nahezu unmöglich.


title: Identification of the 16°C compartment of the endoplasmic reticulum in rat liver and cultured hamster kidney cells

text: Summary— In many systems transfer between the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus is blocked at temperatures below 16°C. In virus‐infected cells in culture, a special membrane compartment is seen to accumulate. Our studies with rat liver show a similar response to temperature both in situ with slices and in vitro with isolated transitional endoplasmic relticulum fractions. With isolated transitional endoplasmic reticulum fractions, when incubated in the presence of nucleoside triphosphate and a cytosol fraction, temperature dependent formation of vesicles occurred with a Q(10) of −2 but was apparent only at temperatures greater than 12°C. A similar response was seen in situ at 12°C and 16°C where fusion of transition vesicles with cis Golgi apparatus, but not their formation, was blocked and transition vesicles accumulated in large numbers. At 18°C and below and especially at 8°C and 12°C, the cells responded by accumulating smooth tubular transitional membranes near the cis Golgi apparatus face. With cells and tissue slices at 20°C neither transition vesicles nor the smooth tubular elements accumulated. Those transition vesicles which formed at 37°C were of a greater diameter than those formed at 4°C both in situ and in vitro. The findings show parallel responses between the temperature dependency of transition vesicle formation in vitro and in situ and suggest that a subpopulation of the transitional endoplasmic reticulum may be morphologically and functionally homologous to the 16°C compartment observed in virally‐infected cell lines grown at low temperatures.


Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome and pregnancy


title: Collocating FQHC and addiction treatment at Damian

text: When we visited Damian Family Care Centers' Wards Island facility in New York City, collocating addiction treatment services run by Odyssey House and a Federally Qualified Health Center (FQHC) run by Damian, all we could think was: “Why isn't this done everywhere?” Damian originated as a part of Samaritan Health Services but is now an independent not‐for‐profit corporation. It is run by people who are committed to addiction treatment and recovery. Peter Grisafi, CEO of Damian, and Henry Bartlett, vice president for government and community relations collectively have more than 75 years in the addiction treatment arena. Similarly, their colleagues at Odyssey House, Peter Provet, Ph.D., Odyssey House CEO, and John Tavolacci, Odyssey House COO, have long careers in the treatment field and embrace the Damian/Odyssey partnership as the right model for providing health care and substance use disorder treatment in an integrated setting. We visited on March 6.


XVIII International Congress of Neuropathology September 15, 2014


Abstracts of oral presentations


Topics in Chemical Mutgenesis: Series Editor F J de Serres. Volume 1: Genotoxicity of N-nitroso. Compounds, edited by T K Rao, W Lijinsky and J L Epler. pp 271. (1984). Volume 2: Single-cell Mutation Monitoring Systems, edited by A A Ansari and F J de Serres. pp 289. 1984. both $39.50 ISBN 0-306-41445-7 (Vol 1) and 0-306-41537-2 (Vol 2)


Abstracts of papers presented at the Second Meeting of the European Haematology Association, Paris, France, 29 May‐1 June 1996


title: SARS: Weltreise eines neuen Virus

text: Der Erreger der lebensgefährlichen Lungenkrankheit SARS wird die Forschung noch lange beschäftigen: Das Virus stammt aus einer völlig neuen Gruppe von Coronaviren, von der es vermutlich noch weitere Vertreter gibt. Und: Das Virus könnte sich bei seiner derzeitigen globalen Ausbreitung in neue Wirtstiere zurückziehen, aus denen es dann möglicherweise nochmals ausbricht.


Young Investigators Poster Abstracts


Abstracts of Poster Section B


Lipids in Plants and Microbes: By J L Harwood and N J Russel. pp 162. George Allen & Unwin, London. 1984. £19.50 or £7.95 (paperback). ISBN 0-04-574021-6 or 0-04-574022-4


title: Host Cell Mimic Polymersomes for Rapid Detection of Highly Pathogenic Influenza Virus via a Viral Fusion and Cell Entry Mechanism

text: Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) infections have occurred continuously and crossed the species barrier to humans, leading to fatalities. A polymerase chain reaction based molecular test is currently the most sensitive diagnostic tool for HPAIV; however, the results must be analyzed in centralized diagnosis systems by a trained individual. This requirement leads to delays in quarantine and isolation. To control the spread of HPAIV, rapid and accurate diagnostics suitable for field testing are needed, and the tests must facilitate a differential diagnosis between HPAIV and low pathogenic avian influenza virus (LPAIV), which undergo cleavage specifically by trypsin‐ or furin‐like proteases, respectively. In this study, a differential avian influenza virus rapid test kit is developed and evaluated in vitro and using clinical specimens from HPAIV H5N1‐infected animals. It is demonstrated that this rapid test kit provides highly sensitive and specific detection of HPAIV and LPAIV and is thus a useful field diagnostic tool for H5N1 HPAIV outbreaks and for rapid quarantine control of the disease.


title: In Case You Haven't Heard…

text: The New York City Department of Health has projected that 15,000 methadone patients, out of a total of 30,000, are going to be quarantined due to exposure to or coming down with coronavirus, according to Allegra Schorr, president of the Coalition of Medication‐Assisted Treatment Providers and Advocates. She told ADAW that the system is just not set up to deliver medication to all of these people. One methadone van is not going to be able to do it — even if they had one. “We're going to need the National Guard,” she said.


title: BiotecVisions 2010, May–June

text: News:Ethanol biofuels from orange peels – Targeting leukaemia's gene addiction – Pea‐derived solar cells – HIV is a kick in the head – Nano‐scale DNA reader – Membrane in black – Cheese improves the immune response of elderly – Synthetic proteins built from standard parts – Therapeutic proteins produced in algae – Biosensor detects 100 mycoplasma cells – Protecting maggots against bacteria – Advanced biofuels from microbes – Fluorescent bacterial uptake – Two disparate stem cell states – Brachypodium genome sequenced Encyclopedia of Life Sciences: Nuclear transfer for cell lines WIREs Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology: Nanoparticle detection of respiratory infection Journal Highlights: Biocatalysis – Synthetic Biology In the news: Nanobiotech to detect cancer Most Read Industry News: Biomarker assays for personalized medicine – Bioplastic industry defies economic crisis – SDS‐PAGE monitoring of mAB Awards: BTJ Editors elected members of the US National Academy of Engineering (NAE) Meeting highlight Writing tips: Figure preparation made simple – Some useful tutorials on the web Book Highlights:Molecular Biotechnology – Bacterial Signaling – Yeast Test your knowledge:Do you recognize this? WIREs Authors Spotlight:Nanotechnology and orthopedics


Meldungen: Biologie in unserer Zeit 6/2003


Biochemistry of Differentiation and Morphogenesis: Edited by L Jaenicke. pp 301. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York. 1982. ISBN 3-540-12010-6


title: A Modular Vaccine Platform Combining Self‐Assembled Peptide Cages and Immunogenic Peptides

text: Subunit vaccines use delivery platforms to present minimal antigenic components for immunization. The benefits of such systems include multivalency, self‐adjuvanting properties, and more specific immune responses. Previously, the design, synthesis, and characterization of self‐assembling peptide cages (SAGEs) have been reported. In these, de novo peptides are combined to make hubs that assemble into nanoparticles when mixed in aqueous solution. Here it is shown that SAGEs are nontoxic particles with potential as accessible synthetic peptide scaffolds for the delivery of immunogenic components. To this end, SAGEs functionalized with the model antigenic peptides tetanus toxoid(632‐651) and ovalbumin(323‐339) drive antigen‐specific responses both in vitro and in vivo, eliciting both CD4(+) T cell and B cell responses. Additionally, SAGEs functionalized with the antigenic peptide hemagglutinin(518‐526) from the influenza virus are also able to drive a CD8(+) T cell response in vivo. This work demonstrates the potential of SAGEs to act as a modular scaffold for antigen delivery, capable of inducing and boosting specific and tailored immune responses.


Molecular Biology and Pathogenesis of Coronaviruses: Edited by P J M Rottier, B A M van der Zeijst, W J M Spaan and M C Horzinek. pp 404. Plenum Press, New York and London. $57.50 ISBN 0-306-41616-6


title: In Case You Haven't Heard…

text: For several years, we have been writing about the $1–2 billion infused into the substance use disorder (SUD) treatment and prevention system due to the opioid epidemic. In the past two weeks, the American taxpayer has been put on the hook for $8 billion, then $50 billion and now possibly $1 trillion for COVID‐19 — most recently to bail out hotels, airlines and businesses in general, not to mention giving checks to individual Americans. This virus needs to be combatted with everything science can offer, but can we really buy people into acceptance of financial losses while not funding treatment, public health and the safety net the way they always should have been funded? You can expect to see fewer headlines about opioids and more about viruses (in the mainstream media, not in ADAW, of course). As ADAW readers well know, addiction goes on. So does good news like recovery. So keep your eye on the ball and advocate for your patients. There must be something in that $1 trillion for them. Your children's great‐grandchildren will be paying for it.


title: PDZ Domains as Drug Targets

text: Protein–protein interactions within protein networks shape the human interactome, which often is promoted by specialized protein interaction modules, such as the postsynaptic density‐95 (PSD‐95), discs‐large, zona occludens 1 (ZO‐1) (PDZ) domains. PDZ domains play a role in several cellular functions, from cell–cell communication and polarization, to regulation of protein transport and protein metabolism. PDZ domain proteins are also crucial in the formation and stability of protein complexes, establishing an important bridge between extracellular stimuli detected by transmembrane receptors and intracellular responses. PDZ domains have been suggested as promising drug targets in several diseases, ranging from neurological and oncological disorders to viral infections. In this review, the authors describe structural and genetic aspects of PDZ‐containing proteins and discuss the current status of the development of small‐molecule and peptide modulators of PDZ domains. An overview of potential new therapeutic interventions in PDZ‐mediated protein networks is also provided.


Comments on this special virology issue


The seventh International Congress of Virology


Abstracts of Poster Section C


title: Breeding Influenza: The Political Virology of Offshore Farming

text: Abstract: The geographic extent, xenospecificity, and clinical course of influenza A (H5N1), the bird flu strain, suggest the virus is an excellent candidate for a pandemic infection. Much attention has been paid to the virus's virology, pathogenesis and spread. In contrast, little effort has been aimed at identifying influenza's social origins. In this article, I review H5N1's phylogeographic properties, including mechanisms for its evolving virulence. The novel contribution here is the attempt to integrate these with the political economies of agribusiness and global finance. Particular effort is made to explain why H5N1 emerged in southern China in 1997. It appears the region's reservoir of near‐human‐specific recombinants was subjected to a phase change in opportunity structure brought about by China's newly liberalized economy. Influenza, 200 nm long, seems able to integrate selection pressures imposed by human production across continental distances, an integration any analysis of the virus should assimilate in turn.


E‐Posters


Graphical Abstract: ChemBioChem 18/2008


title: Management of Wound Infection and Acute Bacterial Rhinosinusitis After Sinus Elevation Surgery: A Case Report

text: INTRODUCTION: Sinus graft infection with consequent acute bacterial rhinosinusitis (ABRS) is a complication that can occur during the postoperative period following sinus augmentation surgery. A small group of bacteria appear to predominate in ABRS, and these bacteria are empirically susceptible to tetracycline antibiotics, barring the presence of resistant strains. Historically, clinicians have mixed tetracycline with various biomaterials or hydrated biomaterials in a dilute tetracycline solution in the treatment of periodontal disease and for ridge preservation/augmentation indications. CASE PRESENTATION: In the present case, a 39‐year‐old African‐American male with sinus graft infection and signs and symptoms consistent with ABRS was successfully treated by removing the initial graft material, thoroughly debriding and irrigating the antrum, and placing a freeze‐dried bone allograft hydrated in an aqueous tetracycline solution. CONCLUSION: Given the typical bacteria present in ABRS, locally applied tetracycline may be useful prophylactically in sinus elevation surgery or as an adjunct in managing postoperative sinus graft infection.


Preview: ChemBioChem 6/2006


Graphical Abstract: ChemBioChem 1/2006


Graphical Abstract: ChemBioChem 7/2006


Conservation Magazine, Summer 2014


docid: cxluarez

title: Legal Briefs


Preview: ChemBioChem 18/2008


Green Enzymes


title: Innovation of visualized interactive tools for learning molecular simulation curriculum

text: The goal of molecular simulation stability is to predict the detailed structure and physical properties of molecules in bioengineer's experiment curriculum. This work succeeds in citing minimum energy and some computer graphics technologies to support this theme. Molecular structure is that given the uncountable number of possible conformations for a protein, how we can determine the lowest energy structure. In this article the authors employed the previous researches‐WebDeGrator and some existing molecular graphics tools to simulate various protein folding, ligand acceptor interaction, and molecular visualization. For this reason, bioengineer experimental curriculum will be visualization and interactive among learning members. Finally, Simpson's Taxonomy and pre‐ and post‐test examinations are applied to System Evaluation, and molecular simulation and minimum energy will be discussed. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 18: 28–40, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (http://www.interscience.wiley.com); DOI 10.1002/cae.20226


title: Virus‐provoked rhinitis and asthma in allergic patients

text: Rhinovirus, influenza, parainfluenza or respiratory syncytial virus not only provoke upper respiratory tract infections (URI) but also can precipitate asthma in adults and children, many of whom also manifest allergic respiratory disease. It has been postulated that patients with allergic rhinitis experience more pronounced symptoms and pathophysiology during URI than individuals without allergy. These observations have provided limited insight into the pathogenesis of URI in allergic patients. To better define these relationships several groups of investigators have examined the effect of experimental virus infection on volunteers with and without allergic rhinitis and with and without asthma. Lemanski et al. showed that Rhinovirus 16 (RV16) was able to modify bronchial hyperreactivity and late phase allergic asthmatic reactions. Calhoun et al. demonstrated that RV16 potentiated airway inflammation after segmental allergen bronchoprovocation in allergic subjects. Experimental RV16 infection also provoked a modest increase in histamine responsiveness accompanied by a modest increase in bronchial and intranasal lymphocytes and eosinophils. Yet, experimental RV16 infection did not trigger asthma or changes in spirometry or changes in bronchial reactivity to histamine or bradykinin in normal subjects. Studies in our laboratories using experimental Rhinovirus 39 (RV39) infection did not alter pulmonary measurements or methacholine responses in normal healthy allergic subjects. These results were surprising, as enhanced WBC histamine release was observed in the same RV39‐infected allergic subjects and was similar to that observed in RV16 infection described by others. The RV39‐infected allergic subjects also showed acute increases in serum IgE as well as changes of cellular immune parameters. Bardin et al. described more severe nasal symptoms as well as increased nasal albumin in allergic rhinitis subjects experimentally infected with RV16. However, allergic subjects infected with RV39 did not show a physiologic hyper‐responsiveness during a nonallergy season. Analysis of nasal secretions during RV39 infection did show more vascular permeability in allergic subjects. Experimental infection with RV39 and Influenza A has provoked eustachian tube obstruction, otitis media and rarely acute otitis. These studies of volunteers experimentally infected with virus suggest that atopy alone does not predispose to more severe symptoms but combining URI with allergen exposure enhanced allergen‐induced inflammation. Recent studies implicate cytokines as participants in these virus‐provoked responses. Increases in nasal lavage concentrations of IL‐6 were found during experimental URIs caused by RV39, Influenza A and respiratory syncytial virus and coincide with peaks in symptomatology and pathophysiology. Moreover, IL‐6 applied directly to the nasal mucosa in noninfected allergic subjects reproduced symptoms of rhinitis. Other studies have shown that IL‐10 secretion from peripheral blood white cells was impaired in allergic subjects after experimental infection with Influenza A. It is anticipated that future studies using natural infection as well as experimental virus infection model will further define the mechanisms and relationships of virus infection to allergy and asthma.


title: Site‐Selective Suzuki–Miyaura and Sonogashira Cross Coupling Reactions of the Bis(triflate) of 2,4′‐Bis(hydroxy)diphenyl Sulfone

text: Described is the synthesis of novel arylated and alkynylated 2,4′‐diphenyl sulfones based on what are, to the best of our knowledge, the first palladium(0)‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reactions of bis(triflates) of 2,4′‐bis(hydroxy)diphenyl sulfone. The reactions proceed with very good site‐selectivity.


IMMUNITY TO COLDS HOW MUCH DO WE REALLY KNOW


Abstracts from th 13th Annual Meeting of the Society for Cutaneous Ultrastructure Research and the European Soceity for Comparative Skin Biology, Paris, France, 28–31 May, 1986—Part I.


Infections, Immunity & their Effects on Asthma


docid: ptbbekyc

title: Zeitaufnahmen 4/2004


title: Psychological intervention with sufferers from severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS): lessons learnt from empirical findings

text: In 2003, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) severely hit Hong Kong. We conducted a series of five studies examining the psychological impacts of SARS on the sufferers. Results showed that (1) various psychiatric complications emerged in the acute treatment phase; (2) certain types of behavioral and verbal responses of health‐care workers (HCWs) were able to ameliorate the psychological distress of the sufferers in the acute phase; (3) the short‐term adjustment outcomes of the sufferers were unsatisfactory; (4) ‘being an HCW’ and ‘having a family member killed by SARS’ were risk factors predisposing individuals to the development of high distress after discharge; and (5) after controlling for the effects of demographic and risk factors psychosocial factors such as social support, negative appraisal (or perceived impact), positive appraisal (or post‐traumatic growth) and self‐efficacy could account for substantial variances of differential outcomes including symptoms of anxiety and depression, quality of life and perceived health of the sufferers. This practitioner report aims to summarize the key findings, which have significant clinical implications in the provision of psychological intervention to the sufferers of SARS or other comparable infectious diseases. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Immunologic Studies in Humans


docid: psehehal

title: Monoclonal Antibodies to Human Cell Surface Antigens

text: This appendix lists the cluster of differentiation (CD) designations for the nearly 300 different leukocyte surface molecules that have been assigned and approved by the nomenclature committee of the International Union of Immunological societies (IUIS).


title: Fate of Foodborne Viruses in the “Farm to Fork” Chain of Fresh Produce

text: Norovirus (NoV) and hepatitis A virus (HAV) are the most important foodborne viruses. Fresh produce has been identified as an important vehicle for their transmission. In order to supply a basis to identify possible prevention and control strategies, this review intends to demonstrate the fate of foodborne viruses in the farm to fork chain of fresh produce, which include the introduction routes (contamination sources), the viral survival abilities at different stages, and the reactions of foodborne viruses towards the treatments used in food processing of fresh produce. In general, the preharvest contamination comes mainly from soli fertilizer or irrigation water, while the harvest and postharvest contaminations come mainly from food handlers, which can be both symptomatic and asymptomatic. Foodborne viruses show high stabilities in all the stages of fresh produce production and processing. Low‐temperature storage and other currently used preservation techniques, as well as washing by water have shown limited added value for reducing the virus load on fresh produce. Chemical sanitizers, although with limitations, are strongly recommended to be applied in the wash water in order to minimize cross‐contamination. Alternatively, radiation strategies have shown promising inactivating effects on foodborne viruses. For high‐pressure processing and thermal treatment, efforts have to be made on setting up treatment parameters to induce sufficient viral inactivation within a food matrix and to protect the sensory and nutritional qualities of fresh produce to the largest extent.


title: Laboratory: Laboratory updates: Acute phase protein tests for diagnosis and monitoring of disease in small animals

text: In the following paper Rory Bell and David Eckersall give a clinical introduction to the diagnostic use of Acute Phase Protein analysis in small animal medicine. David Eckersall is the leading expert in this field in the world and has presented his research findings widely over the last few years. This included a series of lectures at the American College of Veterinary Pathology meeting in 2006, which was reported in summary in this column (March 2007). The following review is timely and relevant because these tests are now increasingly commercially available and have a significant impact on diagnosis and case management.


Clinical pathology updates: Pleural and peritoneal fluids ‐ another modified transudate?


title: Respiratory diseases in rats

text: Respiratory disease due to infectious disease is one of the most common presentations in rats but the cause is in many cases multifactorial. Predisposing factors are generally related to poor husbandry and diet. Respiratory disease is caused primarily by infectious agents such as Mycoplasma pulmonis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Corynebacterium kutscheri, cilia associated respiratory (CAR) bacillus, Sendai virus and coronavirus. Other causes are cardiovascular diseases, neoplastic diseases and trauma of the upper and lower respiratory tract. A presumptive diagnosis can be made by good history and physical examination. However, many diagnostic tests are best performed under general anaesthesia. Medical treatment generally includes oxygen therapy, fluid therapy, analgesia and administration of antibiotics, the use of mucolytic agents and bronchodilators and supportive care. Medications can be administrated orally, parentally or via nebulisation.


Approach to the management of diarrhoea


PRESIDENTS REPORT FOR YEAR ENDED 31st DECEMBER, 1951. THE INSTITUTE OF OPTOMETRISTS Q'LD. INC.


Poster Session


Uveitis in cats


title: It must be green: meeting society’s environmental concerns

text: Consumers today are increasingly demanding goods which not only conform to the public’s image of being ‘eco‐friendly’ and ‘organic’ but of having been produced ‘ethically’. Meeting such high ideals has a down side, both in higher costs and often in that of having to accept more distant suppliers. Present trends in the coloration of foods with natural dyes rather than synthetic ones, increasing consumption of organic products (including fibres) and energy‐saving trends in dye application methods, fuels and lighting, as well as the means of capturing solar energy, are discussed. The discovery of some interesting and historic green colours, the wider use of green (in both senses of the word) products and green chemistry’s future role in producing them are also reviewed.


title: Chapter 3: The 2003 SARS Outbreak in Canada: Legal and Ethical Lessons About the Use of Quarantine

text: The 2003 global outbreak of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) was an abrupt reminder that infectious diseases pose a continuing threat to human health. In 1967, U.S. Surgeon General William H. Stewart declared “it was time to close the book on infectious diseases” (Garrett, 1994, citing W.H. Stewart, “A Mandate for State Action,” presented at the Association of State and Territorial Health Officers, Washington, DC, December 4, 1967). In the latter half of the twentieth century, many shared this bold view that medical science had vanquished infectious disease. As a result, public health struggled to remain relevant in the face of advances in pharmaceuticals, surgery, genetics and other areas that were becoming increasingly dominant in the quest to extend and enhance human life. SARS forced many to rethink the significance of public health and the crisis, though relatively short-lived, (for commentary on the disparities between the responses to HIV and SARS, see e.g. Altman (2003)) underscored the need to rebuild public health capacity that had been allowed to slip down the health system priority list.


docid: ewjpucpq

title: The social politics of pandemic influenzas: the question of (permeable) international, inter-species, and interpersonal boundaries

text: Purpose – This chapter considers the social politics of H5N1 (“avian influenza”), the 2009 H1N1 pandemic, and the response to it within the context of the history of pandemic influenzas and the continuing need for robust preventative public health systems more generally. In particular, the author considers how the borders between nations, species, and individuals are thrown into relief and called into question by influenza outbreaks and their management. Methodology/approach – This work relies on literature review, media research, and critical and interpretative sociological methods. Findings – While panic surrounding new and potentially highly virulent influenza strains is reasonable, such panic is not sustainable and belies the fact that every year presents the danger of a pandemic. This chapter argues that, if public health systems only respond to immediate panic and fail to consider how quickly airborne diseases can cross all sorts of borders, they do not attend to the real need for far-seeing, long-term, internationally collaborative disease prevention and disaster preparedness. Contribution to the field – The author offers a critical and wellness- and prevention-oriented perspective on what priorities should be emphasized in the rapidly growing fields of disaster studies and disaster preparedness, which, by their nature, tend to be crisis oriented and focused on the micro-term, with planning done on a case-by-case basis. Such a narrow focus can render preventative health systems inflexible and unable to rise to the challenge of a disease that can spread easily through casual contact.


Common medical problems in the older foal. Part 2: Diarrhoea


Graphical Abstract: ChemMedChem 8/2013


Communicating Biological Science to the Public


CEROPEGIAS IN SAUDI ARABIA


Slide Seminars


title: Disease and Endangered Species: The Black‐footed Ferret as a Recent Example

text: Diseases may play major roles in the conservation of endangered species. Although the threat of disease received extensive consideration and influenced research and management activities governing the endangered black‐footed ferret (Mustela nigripes) in Wyoming, a canine distemper epizootic in 1985 severely affected a captive breeding program and led to extirpation of the species from the wild. This recent example of the catastrophic effect of epizootic disease in an endangered species is described in an historical context. In addition, examples are given of disease further endangering other rare species, including Mauritius pink pigeon, Père David's deer, cranes, maned wolves, native Hawaiian birak, cheetahs, and others.


title: Seizuring cat: what to ask, what to do?

text: A seizuring cat can be a challenging case for every veterinarian and, therefore, the correct diagnosis and the appropriate management of such a case requires understanding of the most common causes of feline seizures. The underlying cause of the seizures should be investigated by a thorough questioning of the diagnostic approach and most likely diagnoses. If the cause of the seizures can be found then the appropriate therapeutic approach may improve the prognosis. The treatment of the feline seizures is similar to the canine patients; however, the differences should be kept in mind. This article is tailored to answer the most common questions that veterinary surgeons should ask themselves when dealing with a seizuring cat.


Pathophysiology of diarrhoea


Clinical pathology updates: News from the cutting edge 2007–2008


Graphical Abstract: ChemMedChem 6/2010


title: Grant Alerts

text: Arts and Culture. Children and Youth. Education. Medical Research. Women and Girls.


The future of diagnostic virology


docid: gjwoezfa

title: Neurology: Seizures in younger dogs and cats


docid: tmavkqhi

title: Predicting Invasions of Woody Plants Introduced into North America: Predicción de Invasiones de Plantas Leñosas Introducidas a Norteamérica

text: Plant species continue to be introduced in North America for various purposes. If the trend continues, it is probable that some will escape cultivation and become invasive in native ecosystems. We present a retrospective analysis of several structural, life history, and biogeographical attributes of woody plants introduced in North America to determine which traits characterize species that have and have not invaded. Predictive models derived from discriminant analysis correctly classified 86.2% of the species in cross‐validation, whereas those derived from classification and regression trees classified 76% correctly. From these models we created a hierarchical predictive tree that allows the user to divide species into three categories: admit (low risk of invasiveness), deny admission (high risk of invasiveness), or delay admission for further analyses and/or monitor intensively (risk cannot adequately be assessed based on only the included attributes). We recommend that species that are highly invasive elsewhere not be allowed into the U.S. and that a more conservative introduction policy using a hierarchical predictive method be employed.


docid: ywhovvgh

title: Capitalism is making us sick: poverty, illness and the SARS crisis in Toronto

text: Purpose – For much of the first half of 2003 world attention was captured by news of a mysterious but deadly virus that was claiming lives in places as distant as Toronto and Beijing. In a matter of months there were around 8,000 infections and over 689 deaths related to severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). In my hometown, Toronto, 43 people died of SARS during the outbreaks of 2003. Approach – This chapter examines issues of class and poverty in emergence of SARS. The chapter begins with a discussion of the political economy of the emergence of SARS, and its relation to the spread of the virus. It then discusses issues of public policy, and particularly neo-liberal cuts to social services and public spending, that set the stage for the SARS outbreak, influenced its impact and contributed to the failures of response in Ontario. Findings – Through analysis of the lack of social resources available to working people in the province and the prioritizing of corporate, particularly tourism industry, concerns, the chapter illustrates how issues of class underpinned public responses to SARS, exacerbating problems. The chapter concludes by giving attention to the need for social solidarity and community mutual aid. Contributions to the field – The chapter shows the extent to which neo-liberal governments prioritize business security above the health and social security of workers and reveals some of the ways in which the pressures of capitalist social relations make people ill.


John Frederick Murray


title: Make science evolve into a One Health approach to improve health and security: a white paper

text: The World One Health Congresses are biennial gatherings of approximately 1500 professionals from relevant international organisations, OIE, FAO, WHO, World Bank, leading scientific experts and researchers in the field of One Health, animal production and trade, food safety, animal health, human health and environmentology/ecology, government representatives in public health, human health, food safety, environmental health and global health security. The Congress is organized by the One Health Platform. This white paper summarizes highlights of the 5th International One Health Congress in Saskatoon, Canada, June 2018 and serves as a roadmap for the future, detailing several concrete action points to be carried out in the run-up to the 6th World One Health Congress in Edinburgh, Scotland, June 2020.


Associate Editorial Board


SeaFit and SmilesAtSea shortlisted for prestigious award


GDC respond to crisis


SDCEP COVID-19 guidance update


COVID-19 in dental settings


Essential support for the dental team


Conference and Dentistry Show announces new dates


Ten years of Designed to Smile in Wales


docid: crpvpoih

title: How are you coping?


'From a dental point of view, we must keep smiling'


3D printed parts: calling all dentists and technicians


Dental practice during a pandemic


title: What’s Next?

text: In this chapter we present a few reflections about heutagogy practice and study. Some of our conclusions are already being implemented while others are planned for the future.


Determination and Analysis of Recurrent Groups


Food of plant origin: production methods and microbiological hazards linked to food‐borne disease. Reference: CFT/EFSA/BIOHAZ/2012/01 Lot 2 (Food of plant origin with low water content such as seeds, nuts, cereals, and spices)


Highlights of recent clinically relevant papers


docid: chrxyrls

title: Trophic variety and abundance of hoverflies (Diptera, Syrphidae) in an English suburban garden

text: 28924 hoverflies of 85 species were caught in a Malaise trap in an English suburban garden during the eight‐year period 1972–79, and three additional species were hand‐netted. Hoverfly larvae fall into five trophic categories all of which were represented by adults in the trap sample. 82.71% of the hoverflies trapped have larvae that feed on aphids, 12.04% feed on decaying organic material, 5.14% eat living plants, 0.09% scavenge in Hymcnoptera nests, and 0.02% are associated with tree sap or rotting wood. The relative frequency of the different trophic groups varied annually and seasonally although the aphid‐feeders were nearly always the most abundant. 22 species are believed to breed in the garden, and a further 29 in the surrounding area; 15 species are regarded as casual and 22 as chance visitors. It is suggested that the high plant diversity and spatial heterogeneity of gardens result in them supporting more species than would be found in a natural area.


title: Marine products as a source of antiviral drug leads

text: A survey is presented of the occurrence of organic compounds from aquatic organisms that have been reported to have antiviral activities. Studies of the chemical structures and antiviral properties of unusual metabolic products of aquatic life have demonstrated that marine organisms offer excellent prospects in the search for antiviral drugs.


Abstracts of poster presentations: The distribution of ventilation‐perfusion ratios in a premature foal


title: Taxonomic notes on the paper wasps of the genus Ropalidia in the Indian subcontinent (Hymenoptera: Vespidae)

text: The taxonomy of Ropalidia wasps in the Indian subcontinent is revised, recognizing 26 species in the subcontinent. Their diagnostic characteristics are summarized in a key to species. New synonymies proposed in the present study are: R. bicolorata shiva Das and Gupta, 1989 under R. bicolorata van der Vecht, 1962; R. colorata sordida van der Vecht, 1941 under R. colorata van der Vecht, 1941; R. rodialipa Lambert and Narendran, 2005 and R. anupama Lambert and Narendran, 2005, both under R. cyathiformis Fabricius, 1804; R. jacobsoni flavoscutellata Das and Gupta, 1989, and R. bangalorica Lambert and Narendran, 2005, both under R. jacobsoni du Buysson, 1908; R. travancorica Lambert and Narendran, 2005, under R. marginata Lepeletier, 1836; R. sridharani Lambert and Narendran, 2005, under R. rufocollaris Cameron, 1900; Ropalidia rufoplagiata nursei van der Vecht, 1941 under R. rufoplagiata Cameron, 1905; Icaria lugubris Smith, 1858, under R. sumatrae Weber, 1801; and a revised synonymy is Icaria pendula Smith, 1857, under R. variegata Smith, 1852. The new replacement name Ropalidia kasaragodensis Lambert and Narendran is proposed for R. indica Lambert and Narendran, 2005, non van der Vecht, 1941.


title: Seed Size and Plant Growth Form as Factors in Dispersal Spectra: http://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.3297203

text: All vascular plant species were listed on eight sites near Sydney, Australia. Four sites were on infertile and four on fertile soil. Each of the 355 species was classified according to seed mass (measured as fresh mass of embryo plus endosperm), morphological adaptations for dispersal by different vectors, and growth form. The infertile—soil sites had more species and more cover adapted for dispersal by ants, and the fertile—soil sites had more species and more cover with fleshy fruits adapted for dispersal by vertebrates. We tested the hypothesis that this difference could be interpreted as a secondary correlate of seed size or of growth form. Species with smaller seed mass of growing to <2 m tall were significantly more likely to be adapted for dispersal by ants relative to vertebrates. An indirect association via growth form was capable of accounting for up to 84% of the relationship between soil type and dispersal mode, and indirect association via seed mass for up to 23% of the relationship; the two together could account for a maximum of 85%. The indirect association association via seed mass relatively weaker because seed masses proved not to be very different between these soil types. There remained a significant residual tendency for species in any given seed size class and growth form to be more likely to be dispersed by vertebrates relative to ants on fertile soils than on infertile soils.


title: Poster Sessions

text: No Abtract


title: Literature review of baseline information on non‐coding RNA (ncRNA) to support the risk assessment of ncRNA‐based genetically modified plants for food and feed

text: This report is the outcome of an EFSA procurement (NP/EFSA/GMO/2016/01) reviewing relevant scientific information on ncRNA and on RNA interference(RNAi) that could support the food and feed risk assessment of ncRNA‐based genetically modified (GM) plants. Information was retrieved through key words and key questions covering the stability and degradation of ncRNAs after oral ingestion, the passage of ncRNAs from food and feed to human and animal organs and tissues via the gastrointestinal tract and other barriers, as well as the potential effects on the gastrointestinal tract, the immune system or the entire organism.Full description of the strategy used for the literature search and for studies selectionis provided and the number of retrieved publications is reported. This report is divided into four partsdiscussing the kinetics of exogenous ncRNAs in humans and animals, with focus on ingested ncRNAs (Part 1); the possible effects of ncRNAs on the gastrointestinal tract (Part 2), systemically(Part 3)and on the immune system (Part 4). This report suggests that some plant ncRNAs (e.g miRNAs and siRNAs) show higher stability as compared to other ncRNAs due to peculiar chemical characteristics (2’‐O‐methylation at 3’ end).However, ingested or administered ncRNA must overcome many extracellular and cellular barriers to reach the intended target tissue or functional location in sufficient amount to exert any biological effect. Literature data indicate that chemically unmodified and unformulated ncRNAs exhibit very low stability in the gastrointestinal tract and in biological fluids and, in general, do not elicit major biological effects.This report also provides an overview of the RNA content in plant‐derived foods and diets and discusses the controversies on the presence of dietary exogenous RNAs in the biological fluids of humans and animals and their effects. Finally, gaps in the scientific literature are highlighted and recommendations provided


title: Does diversity influence soil nitrate, light availability and productivity in the establishment phase of Australian temperate grassland reconstruction?

text: Summary The successful conservation and restoration of the temperate native grasslands of south‐eastern Australia is critical to reversing the decline in range and diversity of these threatened plant communities. Yet the goals of high native species diversity and weed management are difficult to achieve in grassland restoration projects. To increase our understanding of whether synergies exist between these goals (i.e. whether early introduction of a larger number of species might improve both outcomes in the reassembly of native grassland), we examined the relationships between plant species number, functional group number and resource use during the establishment phase of direct‐sown grassland. We did this by sowing a representative suite of species (at varying levels of species number and functional group number) into experimental plots and then measuring and analysing the extent to which the newly established assemblages captured available resources, i.e. used soil nitrate, absorbed light and produced biomass (vegetative cover). Statistically significant correlations were common between the predictor variables (species number, functional group number, percentage vegetative cover, plant number, presence of idiosyncratic (dominating) species) and responses (soil nitrate concentration, light reduction or ‘extinction’). Higher diversity was associated with lower soil nitrate, while percentage vegetative cover and the presence of idiosyncratic species best predicted light extinction. The relationship between diversity, and plant biomass (measured as vegetative cover) and plant number was positive in the first year of the study. The diversity/biomass relationship became negative in the second year due to the higher numbers and cover of ‘idiosyncratic’ species. The diversity/plant number relationship also became negative in the autumn of the second year and was reduced to a trend by the winter. We found that lower nitrate and increasing plant numbers and vegetative cover were most strongly linked to increasing species number in the early stages of this study. This suggests that introducing and maintaining high diversity early in a native grassland reassembly or enhancement project will improve the resistance (e.g. to weed) of these communities. At later stages of grassland development, this function may be provided by the more dominating idiosyncratic species. The maintenance of diversity, an important goal in its own right, will therefore necessitate managed disturbances to periodically reduce the vegetative dominance of idiosyncratic species, releasing resources for the diverse range of other species whose early introduction will have allowed them to persist in the soil seed bank or as suppressed rootstocks.


title: SIMULATING NEW ZEALAND FOREST DYNAMICS WITH A GENERALIZED TEMPERATE FOREST GAP MODEL

text: A generalized computer model of forest growth and nutrient dynamics (LINKAGES) was adapted for the temperate evergreen forests of New Zealand. Systematic differences in species characteristics between eastern North American species and their New Zealand counterparts prevented the initial version of the model from running acceptably with New Zealand species. Several equations were identified as responsible, and those modeling available light were extended to give more robust formulations. The resulting model (LINKNZ) was evaluated by comparing site simulations against independent field measurements of stand sequences and across temperature and moisture gradients. It successfully simulated gap dynamics and forest succession for a range of temperate forest ecosystems in New Zealand, while retaining its utility for the forests of eastern North America. These simulations provided insight into New Zealand conifer–hardwood and beech species forest succession. The adequacy of the ecological processes, such as soil moisture balance, decomposition rates, and nutrient cycling, embodied in a forest simulation model was tested by applying it to New Zealand forest ecosystems. This gave support to the model’s underlying hypothesis, derived from LINKAGES, that interactions among demographic, microbial, and geological processes can explain much of the observed variation in ecosystem carbon and nitrogen storage and cycling. The addition of a disturbance option to the model supported the hypothesis that large‐scale disturbance significantly affects New Zealand forest dynamics.


title: Trypetidae (non‐European)

text: This data sheet covers only the non‐European fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae [= Trypetidae]). It does not cover the many gall‐forming and other species that feed in the vegetative parts of plants. The fruit flies presenting a phytosanitary risk to EPPO countries fall into two principal groups: cool temperate species mostly capable of diapausing and usually univoltine, and warm temperate or tropical species mostly capable of continuous breeding apparently without diapause. This data sheet presents information on Rhagoletts pomonella and Dacus tryoni as representatives of the first and second groups respectively, together with references to other species where appropriate.


title: Quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction in drug development

text: Measurements of the number of copies of DNA or mRNA with the quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) have transformed the drug development process. This transformation is driven by the information these measurements have contributed for a better understanding of the molecular definition of disease and of the mechanisms of efficacy and toxicity for new drugs. As this information is translated into accurate genomic biomarkers of efficacy and toxicity, drug development processes supported by these measurements are becoming more efficient. This transformation is exemplified in the conversion of P450 enzyme activity measurements to gene expression in drug metabolism studies, the measurement of cytokine and chemokine genomic expression levels as clinical markers, and the identification and evaluation of genomic biomarkers of nephrotoxicity. A good understanding of factors affecting qPCR measurements can simplify their implementation, as will high‐throughput platforms for these assays. Drug Dev. Res. 62:151–158, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Review of immune stimulator substances/agents that are susceptible of being used as feed additives: mode of action and identification of end‐points for efficacy assessment


title: Vegetation of the Boreal Forests South of James Bay: Non‐Centered Component Analysis of the Vascular Flora

text: Results from an extensive vegetation survey of 1971 boreal forest stands, encompassing a full spectrum of succession and site types in the regions of Ontario and Quebec south of James Bay, are reported. Non—centered principal component analysis plus varimax rotation (nodal component analysis) is applied to overstory and understory data in order to detect vegetational noda. The overstory data are inherently more structured (i.e., contain more distinct subgroups) than those of the understory. An exception is seen with groups in which Abies balsamea plays a prominent role. These are interpreted as stages in various successions of which only one, a Betula papyrifera to A. balsamea sequence, represents the complete transition from one canopy dominant to another. The understory noda are summarized in terms of the compositional and environmental features of stands belonging to each nodum. Relationships among the understory noda are summarized in a multidimensional scaling ordination which is derived directly from similarity values (conjunction coefficients) representing the overlap between pairs of noda. Two major environmental gradients seem to affect understory composition. These are a site moisture—nutrient concentration gradient and a general fertility—productivity gradient. Canopy composition and understory vegetation are compared by nodal conjunction between the two analyses. Groups of noda, representing wet bog forests and also upland mesic forests, show moderate to good coincidence but beyond this little canopy specificity emerges. These results indicate that overstory—understory coincidence is due primarily to similar site requirements. Understory species' response to an overstory succession is examined. Many abundant herbs seem indifferent to dramatic canopy change. This observation and results from nodal component analysis are discussed with respect to forest fire.


title: World Economic Prospects Monthly

text: Overview: Outlook darkens as coronavirus spreads ▀ What began as a supply shock in China has morphed into something much more serious. The effects of financial market weakness and the disruption to daily life around the world will trigger lower consumer spending and investment on top of the disruptions to the global supply chain. We now expect global GDP growth to slow to 2.0% this year from 2.6% in 2019, before picking up to 3.0% in 2021. But a global pandemic would lead to a far bigger slowdown this year. ▀ China seems to have made progress in containing the spread of the coronavirus, but the slow return to business as normal has prompted us to cut year‐on‐year GDP growth in Q1 from 3.8% to 2.3%, the weakest in decades. But we expect a healthy growth rebound in Q2 which will also provide Asian economies with a lift. ▀ It is isolation policies not infection rates that determine the economic impact. Outbreaks around the world are leading authorities to announce a growing list of measures to curb the virus spread. At a global level any Q2 rebound will thus be small at best. We expect investment in the advanced economies as a whole to contract on a year‐on‐year basis in Q2 for the first time since the global financial crisis, while annual household spending growth may slow to its lowest since the eurozone crisis. ▀ Our baseline assumes that the global economy will return to business as usual in Q3 and that some catch‐up will result in robust H2 GDP growth. Combined with favourable base effects in early‐2021, this is expected to result in world GDP growth averaging about 3% in 2021. ▀ Since January, we have cut our 2020 global GDP growth forecast by a hefty 0.5pp. But larger revisions may be required if the disruption triggered by shutdowns and other responses to coronavirus proves longer than we assume currently or if more draconian actions are needed in the event of a global pandemic. Our scenarios suggest that the latter could push the global economy into a deep recession.


title: Forests of Small Stream Bottoms in the Coastal Plain of Southwestern Alabama

text: Overstory and understory data were collected from 49 forest stands in 27 small stream bottoms in the Gulf Coastal Plain region of southwestern Alabama. The stands were arranged in a single—dimensioned ordination on the basis of the importance values of the persistent species in the overstories. Leading dominant species, from the dry end to the wet end of the ordination gradient, were Cornus florida, Pinus palustris, Quercus nigra, Liquidambar styraciflua, Nyssa sylvatica v. sylvatica, Magnolia virginiana, and N. sylvatica v. biflora. Two important seral species, most prominent at the middle of the ordination gradient and of relatively little importance at either end, were Pinus elliottii and Liriodendron tulipifera. The stand position on the ordination gradient, referred to as the moisture—regime index, was significantly related to water—table depth, soil—surface gradient, and soil pH at 63.5 cm. Failure to obtain significant relationship with other soil variables was attributed to the high frequency of fresh soil deposition in the small stream bottoms. As a check on the ordination analysis, species—present data were used to construct a species—correlation diagram. When species moisture—regime numbers from the ordination analysis were inserted in this diagram, good agreement was revealed in the results of the two independent analyses.


Liriomyza spp.


title: Poly‐L‐lysine Coated Surfaces for Ultrasensitive Nucleic Acid Detection

text: Poly‐L‐lysine is one of the biocompatible polymers having amino and carboxyl groups in its structure. This attractive feature of poly‐L‐lysine makes it very convenient for bioactive molecule attachment. This study details the preparation of poly‐L‐lysine‐based pencil graphite electrodes (PLL/PGEs) and use of the coated electrodes for direct ultrasensitive DNA hybridization detection. In the first part of this study, poly‐L‐lysine coated electrodes were prepared using L‐lysine as the monomer by cyclic voltammetry (CV) with different cyclic scans. The effect of these cyclic scans during the electropolymerization was investigated. Coated electrodes were characterized by cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Then, one‐pot preparation of poly‐L‐lysine composites with graphene (GN) and multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) onto the pencil graphite electrodes were achieved. Electrochemical responses of these 3 electrodes were compared. After all, electrochemical DNA hybridization was performed using the poly‐L‐lysine‐based electrodes prepared at optimum polymerization condition. The PLL/PGE coated electrode presented a good linear response in the target concentration range of 1.0×10(−13) to 1.0×10(−6) with a detection limit of 2.25×10(−14) using differential pulse voltammetry as the detection method. We believe that poly‐L‐lysine‐based surfaces will be useful for further clinical applications.


IV. Revision of the species included in the genus Tropisternus(fam Hydrophilidæ)


title: Small Mammals and Vegetation Changes After Fire in a Mixed Conifer‐Hardwood Forest

text: Following wild fire in northeastern Minnesota small mammals were snap—trapped on two burned and one unburned area for three nights each fall from 1955 to 1967. The deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus) was the most abundant species on the two burns the first 7 yr. Later the vegetation changes apparently produced a habitat less attractive to the deer mouse, while the red—backed vole (Clethrionomys gapperi) increased. Numbers of meadow voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus), jumping mice (Zapus hudsonius), and cinereus shrews (Sorex cinereus) were low and erratic on all areas. Eastern chipmunks (Tamias striatus) were abundant most years on only one of the burns.


Extensive Literature Search on the ‘Effects of Copper intake levels in the gut microbiota profile of target animals, in particular piglets’


Scientific report on the effects of farming systems on dairy cow welfare and disease


Neurotropic Virus Infections


title: Heavier Group‐2‐Element Catalyzed Hydroamination of Carbodiimides

text: The heteroleptic calcium amide [{ArNC(Me)CHC(Me)NAr}Ca{N(SiMe(3))(2)}(THF)] (Ar = 2,6‐diisopropylphenyl) and the homoleptic heavier alkaline earth amides, [M{N(SiMe(3))(2)}(2)(THF)(2)] (M = Ca, Sr and Ba) are reported as competent pre‐catalysts for the hydroamination of 1,3‐carbodiimides. Whilst the reaction scope is currently limited to reactions of aromatic amines with 1,3‐dialkylcarbodiimides, in most cases preparations in hydrocarbon solvents proceed rapidly at room temperature with catalyst loadings as low as 0.2 mol‐% and the guanidine reaction products crystallize directly from the reaction mixture. Initial studies are consistent with the intermediacy of heavier group‐2 guanidinate complexes.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)


Database on the taxonomical characterisation and potential toxigenic capacities of microorganisms used for the industrial production of food enzymes and feed additives, which do not have a recommendation for Qualified Presumption of Safety


Poster Session 2, Monday 6 September


Bibliographic review on the potential of microorganisms, microbial products and enzymes to induce respiratory sensitization


Food of plant origin: production methods and microbiological hazards linked to food‐borne disease. Reference: CFT/EFSA/BIOHAZ/2012/01 Lot 1 (Food of plant origin with high water content such as fruits, vegetables, juices and herbs)


Seroprevalence and Risk Factors For Infection With Equine Coronavirus in Healthy Horses in the USA


title: Infectomics Screening for Novel Antiviral Drug Targets

text: [Table: see text] Infectomics, a novel way to globally and comprehensively understand the interactions between microbial pathogens and their hosts, has significantly expanded understanding of the microbial infections. The infectomics view of viral–host interactions on the viral perspective principally focuses on gene acquisition, deletion, and point mutation, while traditional antiviral drug discovery concentrates on viral encoding proteins. Recently, high‐throughput technologies, such as mass spectrometry‐based proteomics, activity‐based protein profiling, microarray analysis, yeast two‐hybrid assay, small interfering RNA screening, and micro RNA profiling, have been gradually employed in the research of virus–host interactions. Besides, signaling pathways and cellular processes involved in viral–host interactions provide new insights of infectomics in antiviral drug discovery. In this review, we summarize related infectomics approaches in the studies of virus–host interactions, which shed light on the development of novel antiviral drug targets screening.


title: Viral proteinases: targets of opportunity

text: During antiviral drug development, any essential stage of the viral life cycle can serve as a potential drug target. Since most viruses encode specific proteases whose cleavage activity is required for viral replication, and whose structure and activity are unique to the virus and not the host cell, these enzymes make excellent targets for drug development. Success using this approach has been demonstrated with the plethora of protease inhibitors approved for use against HIV. This discussion is designed to review the field of antiviral drug development, focusing on the search for protease inhibitors, while highlighting some of the challenges encountered along the way. Protease inhibitor drug discovery efforts highlighting progress made with HIV, HCV, HRV, and vaccinia virus as a model system are included. Drug Dev. Res. 67:501–510, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


title: Scientific Opinion on the welfare of cattle kept for beef production and the welfare in intensive calf farming systems

text: Information given in previous Opinions “Welfare of cattle kept for beef production” (SCAHAW, 2001) and “The risks of poor welfare in intensive calf farming systems” (EFSA, 2006) is updated and recent scientific evidence on the topics reviewed. Risks of poor welfare are identified using a structured analysis, and issues not identified in the SCAHAW (2001) beef Opinion, especially effects of housing and management on enteric and respiratory diseases are reviewed. The Opinion covers all systems of beef production, although the welfare of suckler cows or breeding bulls is not considered. The Chapter on beef cattle presents new evidence and recommendations in relation to heat and cold stress, mutilations and pain management, digestive disorders linked to high concentrate feeds and respiratory disorders linked to overstocking, inadequate ventilation, mixing of animals and failure of early diagnosis and treatment. Major welfare problems in cattle kept for beef production, as identified by risk assessment, were respiratory diseases linked to overstocking, inadequate ventilation, mixing of animals and failure of early diagnosis and treatment, digestive disorders linked to intensive concentrate feeding, lack of physically effective fibre in the diet, and behavioural disorders linked to inadequate floor space, and co‐mingling in the feedlot. Major hazards for white veal calves were considered to be iron‐deficiency anaemia, a direct consequence of dietary iron restriction, enteric diseases linked to high intakes of liquid feed and inadequate intake of physically effective fibre, discomfort and behavioural disorders linked to inadequate floors and floor space.


Combined immunodeficiency in 3 foals