M795 projectile

The M795 155 mm projectile is the US Army and US Marine Corps' standard 155 mm High Explosive (HE) projectile for howitzers. It is a bursting round with fragmentation and blast effects.

The M795 is designed to be more lethal and have a longer range than that of the M107. A welded band replaces the swaged rotating band of the M107, allowing the M795 to be fired with M119 or M203 propelling charges, increasing range by . The explosive payload was improved, as was the fragmentation pattern, giving 30% higher lethality.

Description
The M795 is a 155 mm high-fragmentation, steel (HF1)-body projectile, filled with  of TNT. It weighs approximately . The high-fragmentation steel body is encircled by a gilding metal rotating band, making it compatible with 3W through 8S (M3A1 through M203A1) zone propelling charges across all current 155 mm howitzers. 

The projectile is packaged on a metal pallet, with a shock-attenuating lifting plug and flexible rotating band cover. The M795 projectile is ballistically similar to the M483A1 family of cargo projectiles and may be used as a registration round for the M483A1 family. The M795 projectile is more effective against personnel and materiel at greater ranges than the older M107 projectile.

Service
The Ukrainian military is firing an estimated 6,000 - 8,000 M795 projectiles daily at Russian targets. Two days of expenditures at this rate is roughly equivalent to one month's production of M795 rounds in the United States (at 2022 production levels).

Course Correcting Fuze
In mid-2005, United Defense demonstrated a cost-effective system to improve cannon artillery accuracy with the successful firing of inert M795 155 mm projectiles equipped with a two-directional Course Correcting Fuze (CCF). United Defense developed this new system together with Bofors Defence, Rockwell Collins and BT Fuze Products.

Course correction uses GPS to provide high accuracy. It can be employed on all types of U.S. 155 mm and 105 mm projectiles in the U.S. Field Artillery inventory.

United Defense successfully fired M795 rounds equipped with the CCF from an M109A6 Paladin, to ranges of 14.5 kilometers at Yuma Proving Ground. Preliminary analysis from the demonstration confirmed United Defense's laboratory analysis. The projectiles equipped with the CCF achieved a precision error of less than 50 meters, three times better than the control rounds.

M795E1
Talley Defense Systems, Inc., has been selected for the development and fabrication of the upgraded M795E1 Propellant Grain and Igniter components. As the Army's M864 Base Burner Assembly development and production source, Talley delivered nearly one million production base burner assemblies.

An extended-range version of the M795 projectile is desirable. When fired from the M198 155 mm towed howitzer (39 caliber tube) with the M203A1 propelling charge, the maximum range would be between 26.5 km (threshold) and 28.5 km (objective). The maximum range when fired from a Crusader type system (52 caliber tube) would be 34 km (threshold) to 36 km (objective). Extending the range of the M795 HE projectile provides the ability to engage even greater distances, and provides for a munition which is compatible with current and developmental delivery systems and their associated propellants.

The US Army has identified a need to provide extended-range 155 mm HE projectiles for both current and future artillery systems. Leveraging advanced ballistic design technology from two key stockpile projectiles, the 155 mm M795E1 Extended Range HE Base Burner Projectile will extend the maximum range capability for the delivery of an enhanced HE payload. 

Using the production M795 HE Projectile as a baseline, designers began optimizing ballistic configurations and incorporating an improved drag reduction system, based on the successful 155 mm M864 Extended Range Dual-Purpose Improved Conventional Munition (DPICM) Base Burner Projectile. Designated the M795E1, this projectile will provide a significantly larger HE, high fragmentation warhead, and improved lethality over the aging M549A1 HE Rocket Assisted Projectile, and will maintain an extended range capability to counter the longer range artillery threat of potential adversaries.

Although the current M795 offers extended range over the old M107 (22.5 km vs. 17.5 km), it falls short of the Army's other extended-range projectiles (28–30 km range). The currently approved M795 Operational Requirement Document (ORD) establishes the need for an extended-range version of the M795 to support anticipated warfighting scenarios.

Specifications

M795
 Range: 22.5 km with 39 caliber barrel
 CEP: 139 m at maximum range with 39-caliber barrel
 Weight as fired: 
 Explosive content:
 TNT:  with a charge liner OR IMX-101 (IMX was adopted by the Army; Marines still use TNT)
 Length with fuze: 
 Body diameter: 154.89 mm

 Manufacturer: General Dynamics (formerly Chamberlain Manufacturing Corporation), Scranton Division, Scranton Army Ammunition Plant, Scranton, Pennsylvania; Day & Zimmerman, Parsons, Kansas; Mason & Hanger - Silas Mason Company

M795E1
 Range: 28.7–37 km

See also
 List of crew served weapons of the US Armed Forces
 M549
 M982 Excalibur

Footnotes

References
 Jane's Ammunition Handbook 2003–2004

External links
M795 Projectile 155mm High Explosive HE
Defense & Security Intelligence & Analysis: IHS Jane's | IHS

155mm artillery shells
Cold War artillery of the United States
155 mm artillery