Joseph Decaisne

Joseph Decaisne (7 March 1807 – 8 January 1882) was a French botanist and agronomist. He became an aide-naturaliste to Adrien-Henri de Jussieu (1797-1853), who served as the chair of rural botany. It was during this time that he began to study plants brought back by various travelers like those of Victor Jacquemont (1801-1832) from Asia. Decaisne used applied research, most notably on the agronomy of the madder, the yam and the ramie. He was also interested in algae.

Biography
Although born in Brussels, Belgium, he exercised his activity exclusively in Paris. He entered in 1824 as a gardener at the Muséum national d'histoire naturelle (French museum of natural history) and became, in 1832, head of the carré des semis section. He also worked at the Jardin des Plantes and collaborated with Asa Gray.

In 1847 he chaired Statistical Agriculture department in the College de France.

In 1850, Decaisne followed Charles-François Brisseau de Mirbel (1776-1854) as the chair of horticulture at the Museum. In 1854 he participated in the creation of the Société botanique de France.

The genera Decaisnea Hook.f. & Thomson (Lardizabalaceae), Decaisnea Brongn. syn. of Prescottia Lindl., Decaisnina Tiegh. (Loranthaceae), Decaisnella (genus of fungi in the family Massariaceae,) and Decaisnea Lindl. syn. of Tropidia Lindl. (Orchidaceae), were named in his honour.

He died in Paris on 8 January 1882.

Contributions to plant taxonomy
He described the following genera of flowering plants: Capanea (now part of Kohleria) and Chrysothemis of the family Gesneriaceae; Sautiera (Acanthaceae); Lepinia, Rhazya (Apocynaceae); Vancouveria (with C.Morren) (Berberidaceae); Ostryopsis (Betulaceae); Dipterygium (Capparidaceae); Brassaiopsis, Cuphocarpus*, Dendropanax*, Didymopanax*, Fatsia*, Oreopanax*, Stilbocarpa*,  (* with Planch.) (Araliaceae); Berneuxia (Diapensiaceae); Scyphogyne (Ericaceae); Akebia, Boquila (Lardizabalaceae); Galtonia (Liliaceae s.l. or Hyacinthaceae); Treculia  Decne. ex Trecul (Moraceae; Camptotheca (Nyssaceae or Cornaceae); Ephippiandra (Monimiaceae); Pseudais (Thymelaeaceae); Allardia, Lecocarpus, Wollastonia DC. ex Decne. (Asteraceae); Gymnotheca (Saururaceae); Bougueria (Plantaginaceae); Docynia (Rosaceae); Seetzenia R.Br. ex Decne.(Zygophyllaceae); Deherainia (Theophrastaceae); Lopholepis (Poaceae); Asterostemma, Atherandra, Baeolepis Decne. ex Moq., Barjonia,  Blepharodon,  Calostigma,  Camptocarpus, Decabelone, Decanema, Dictyanthus, Glossonema, Gongronema (Endl.) Decne., Harpanema, Hemipogon,  Hoodia Sweet ex Decne., Ibatia, Macropetalum Burch. ex Decne., Melinia, Mitostigma, Nautonia, Nephradenia, Orthosia, Pentopetia, Peplonia, Periglossum, Pherotrichis, Polystemma, Ptycanthera, Pycnoneurum, Pycnostelma Bunge ex Decne., Rhyssostelma, Riocreuxia, Tacazzea, Tassadia, Trichosandra (Asclepiadaceae or Apocynaceae s.l.); Amorphophallus Blume ex Decne. (Araceae) and Leptopus (Euphorbiaceae s.l. or Phyllanthaceae).

Works
 Le jardin fruitier du Museum (The fructiferous garden of the Museum) in 9 volumes (1858-1875)
 Traité général de botanique descriptive et analytique (General Treatise of descriptive and analytic botany), Paris, Firmin-Didot, 1876 [in collaboration with Emmanuel Le Maout] English edition 1873.
 Mexicanas plantas (Plants of Mexico, 1872-1886 [in collaboration with others]. (available at Botanicus.org)

References

Bibliography 

 

1807 births
1882 deaths
Scientists from Paris
19th-century French botanists
French agronomists
Members of the French Academy of Sciences
Botanists active in Europe
Botanists with author abbreviations
Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
Corresponding members of the Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences
Members of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences
Foreign Members of the Royal Society
Burials at Montmartre Cemetery