Timeline of Spiritism

This article is a chronological index of some of the main events in the prehistory and history of Spiritism, covering events from the 16th century - starting with the emergence of Spiritism in 1857 with the release of The Spirits' Book - until the end of the 20th century.

16th century 
 1527 - Birth of John Dee
 1575 - Birth of Jakob Böhme

17th century 
 1688 - Birth of Emanuel Swedenborg

18th century 
 1734 - Birth of Franz Anton Mesmer
 1746 - Birth of Abbe Faria
 1751 - Birth of Armand-Marie-Jacques de Chastenet, Marquis of Puységur
 1792 - Birth of Edward Irving

19th century 
 1804 - Birth of Hippolyte Léon Denizard Rivail (Allan Kardec)
 1806 - Birth of Jean-Baptiste Roustaing
 1820 - Birth of Émilie Collignon
 1826 - Birth of Andrew Jackson Davis
 1830 - Publication of the spiritualist work: "Die Seherin von Prevorst, Eröffnungen über das innere Leben des Menschen und über das Hineinragen einer Geisterwelt in die unsere", by Dr. Justinus Kerner
 1831 - Birth of Bezerra de Menezes
 1832 - Birth of Alexandre Aksakof
 1832 - Birth of Sir William Crookes
 1833 - Birth of Daniel Dunglas Home
 1834 - Birth of Johann Karl Friedrich Zöllner
 1837 - Birth of Albert de Rochas
 1838 - Birth of Charles Foster
 1839 - Birth of William Staiton Moses
 1843 - Birth of Dr. Sousa Martins
 1846 - Birth of Léon Denis
 1846 - Manifestation in Buffalo, New York (Davenport brothers)

 1847 - First Spiritist meeting in Manchester, United States
 1848 - Hydesville manifestations (Fox sisters)
 1850 - Manifestation of physical mediumship by Daniel Dunglas Home in the United States
 1853 - Manifestation in Bergzabern, Bavaria (Filipina Sanger)
 1853 (c.) - M. Planchette allegedly created the Ouija board.
 1853 - In France, Professor Rivail begins observing the phenomenon of "table turning"
 1854 (January 31) - Birth of Eusapia Paladino
 1854 (June 10) - Foundation of the periodical "The Christian Spiritualist" in New York
 1855 - Birth of Elizabeth d'Espérance (Mme. d'Espérance)
 1855 - Birth of Jean Meyer
 1857 - Publication of the book "Le Livre des Esprits" by Kardec
 1858 - Establishment of the Parisian Society of Spiritualist Studies by Kardec
 1858 - Launch of the "Revue Spirite" in France by Kardec
 1858 - Birth of William Eglinton
 1859 - Birth of Arthur Conan Doyle
 1861 - Barcelona's auto-da-fé
 1861 - First spirit photography (William Mumler, Boston, MA)
 1865 - Birth of Fernando Augusto de Lacerda e Mello
 1866 - Publication of the book "The Four Gospels or the Revelation of Revelations" by Roustaing, received by Medium Émilie Collignon
 1867-1882 - London Dialectical Society
 1869 - Launch of the periodical O Écho d'Alêm-Tumulo in Brazil by Luís Olímpio Teles de Menezes
 1869 - Death of Allan Kardec
 1874 - First experiments by the English scholar William Crookes with medium Florence Cook
 1874 - Launch of the magazine "Psychische Studien"
 1874 - Birth of Harry Houdini
 1875 (June 16) - First trial in Paris of the so-called "Procés des Spirites" in which Pierre-Gaëtan Leymarie was indicted
 1875 - Foundation of the Theosophical Society in Adyar, India
 1877 - Birth of Edgar Cayce
 1878 - Birth of Ngô Văn Chiêu, founder of Cao Dai
 1882 - Foundation of the Society for Psychical Research
 1883 - Launch of the periodical Reformador in Brazil by Augusto Elias da Silva
 1884 - Foundation of the Brazilian Spiritist Federation
 1885 - Foundation of the American Society for Psychical Research
 1885 - Publication of the book "Spiritism Before Science" by Gabriel Delanne
 1885-1917 - Psychography of the novels by Rochester (spirit) through the Russian medium Vera Kryzhanovskaia
 1886 - Birth of Pietro Ubaldi
 1888 - I International Spiritist Congress in Barcelona
 1898 - Publication of Christianity and Spiritism by Léon Denis
 1889 - International Spiritist and Spiritualist Congress in Paris
 1891 - Commencement of research by Cesare Lombroso with Eusápia Paladino
 1891 - Launch of the periodical Rebus in Russia by Aksakof
 1900 - International Spiritist and Spiritualist Congress in Paris

20th century 
 1901 - Experiments in Italy by Enrico Morselli with medium Eusápia Palladino
 1902 - Foundation of Allan Kardec School in Minas Gerais, Brazil, by Eurípedes Barsanulfo
 1903 - Experiments in Algiers by Charles Robert Richet and Gabriel Delanne with physical medium Marthe Beráud (later Eva Carrière)
 1908 - Experiments in Italy by Enrico Imoda with medium Linda Gazzera
 1908 - Manifestation of the Caboclo of the Seven Crossroads through medium Zélio Fernandino de Moraes, giving rise to Umbanda in Brazil
 1908 - Publication of the first volume of "From the Land of Light" in Portugal, a collection of texts psychographed by medium Fernando de Lacerda
 1910 - Birth of Francisco Cândido Xavier
 1910 - Establishment of Rationalism, systematized by Luís de Matos and Luís Alves Tomás
 1910 (May 14-18) - I Universal Spiritist Congress in Brussels, where the "Bureau International d'Espritisme" was created, headquartered in Liège, Belgium
 1912 - Establishment of the Rosicrucian Order
 1913 - Commencement of communications through the English medium George Vale Owen
 1913 - Scandal of the periodical "Miroir": photographs by Dr. Albert von Schrenck-Notzing
 1916 - Establishment of the Liberal Catholic Church
 1918 - Foundation of the Institut Métapsychique International
 1920 - Publication of the book "Spiritism Facing Science" by Gabriel Delanne
 1922 - International Spiritist Congress in London
 1923 - Foundation of the International Spiritualist Federation in Liège, Belgium
 1924 (July 23) - The name of Mina Crandon is presented as a candidate for a prize offered by the magazine Scientific American to any medium who could demonstrate telekinetic abilities under scientifically controlled conditions.
 1924 - Scientific theory of Spiritism by Charles Henry
 1925 - International Spiritist Congress in Paris, organized by the International Spiritist Federation, with representatives from 22 countries, presided over by Léon Denis
 1925 (May 15-18) - I National Spiritist Congress held in Portugal, promoted by the Algarve Spiritist Union
 1925 - Publication of "Voices from Beyond the Telephone" by Oscar D'Argonnel in Brazil, a pioneer work in instrumental transcommunication
 1926 - Publication of "The History of Spiritualism (2 vols.)" by Arthur Conan Doyle in the United Kingdom
 1926 - Publication of "The Life Beyond the Veil (5 vols.)" by George Vale Owen, with an introduction by Arthur Conan Doyle
 1926 (May) - Constitution of the Portuguese Spiritist Federation (FEP)
 1927 - Birth of Divaldo Pereira Franco
 1927 - Launch of the magazine "Light" in England, with a lecture by Oliver Lodge, under the auspices of the London Spiritist Alliance.
 1932 - Publication of Parnaso de Além-Túmulo by Francisco Cândido Xavier
 1932 - Birth of Waldo Vieira
 1934 - "V International Congress of Spiritism" held in Spain
 1934 - Publication of research results on paranormal phenomena by Joseph Banks Rhine in the United States
 1934 - In Great Britain, the British Broadcasting Corporation broadcasts for the first time a program on Modern Spiritualism, presented by Ernest Oaten.
 1937 - Foundation of the "Hellenic Metapsychic Society" (later renamed "Athens Metapsychic Society") in Athens, Greece. Among its founders is the Greek criminalist and former professor at the University of Athens, Panes Yotopolos (1878-1965).
 1939 - Interruption of the publication of the periodical Luce e Ombra in Rome, Italy, by the fascist regime. The periodical would only resume publication in 1946.
 1939 - Foundation of the Brazilian Spiritist Union of Umbanda
 1940 - Spiritism, under the name "Heliosophy," is established in Guatemala. The designation was adopted in compliance with the laws of that country, which at the time prohibited the use of the true name. Since then, the "Heliosophic Schools", protected under this name, have been disseminating the doctrine of Allan Kardec.
 1941 (October 19-26) - I Brazilian Umbanda Congress held by the Spiritist Federation of Umbanda
 1944 - Publication of the book "Nosso Lar" by Chico Xavier
 1946 - I Pan-American Spiritist Congress in Buenos Aires, Argentina
 1946 - Foundation of the Pan-American Spiritist Confederation during the I Pan-American Spiritist Congress
 1948 - I Congress of Spiritist Youth in Brazil, held in Rio de Janeiro
 1949 - II Pan-American Spiritist Congress in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, promoted by the Spiritist League of Brazil
 1956 - Publication of "The Search for Bridey Murphy" by Morey Bernstein
 1961 (July 16-23) - II Brazilian Umbanda Congress held in the auditorium of the Brazilian Press Association in Rio de Janeiro
 1963 - Foundation of the Brazilian Institute of Psychobiophysical Research in the city of São Paulo
 1966 - Publication of "Twenty Cases Suggestive of Reincarnation" by Canadian author Ian Stevenson
 1973 (July 15-21) - III Brazilian Umbanda Congress held in Rio de Janeiro
 1975 - II International Congress of Psychotronic Research in Monte Carlo, Monaco, promoted by the "The International Association for Psichotronic Research"
 1975 - Publication of "Life After Life" by Raymond Moody
 1983 - Publication of "Out on a Limb" by Shirley MacLaine
 1988 - Publication of "Many Lives, Many Masters" by Brian Weiss
 1994 - II National Spiritist Congress held in Portugal
 1999 (October 1-3) - I Brazilian Spiritist Congress (Goiânia-GO)
 1999 - Foundation of the International Spiritist Medical Association.

21st century 
 2002 - Death of Francisco Cândido Xavier

References

Bibliography 
 DOYLE, Arthur Conan. História do Espiritismo. (Original title: The History of Spiritualism) São Paulo: Ed. Pensamento, 1960. (Note: See the FEB edition, which translates it correctly as A HISTÓRIA DO ESPIRITUALISMO)
 LOMBROSO, Cesare. Hipnotismo e mediunidade. Rio de Janeiro: FEB, . 435p. ISBN 0000007323

See also 
 Spiritism
 The Gospel According to Spiritism
 History of Spiritism in Brazil

External links 
 Spiritist Chronology: 1914-1945 Times of Commotions in: Advanced Spiritist Study Group

Spiritism