Pleurocera

Pleurocera is a genus of freshwater snails with an operculum, aquatic gastropod molluscs in the family Pleuroceridae.

Pleurocera is the type genus of that family.

Distribution
All members of the genus Pleurocera are native to eastern North America.

Description
All of the species in this genus have thick-walled high-spired shells, and some attain a length of over . The shape of the shell is elongate-conic or cylindrical. The sculpture of the shell is often carinate or costate. The shell of larger species sometimes develops sculpturing and a small siphonal canal or siphonal notch at the base of the aperture.

Opercula are paucispiral and corneous, but may be vestigial in some species, not completely closing the aperture.

The soft parts of the animal usually have a gray or brown coloration, commonly speckled with orange. The similar genus Juga has a seminal receptacle, but Pleurocera has no seminal receptacle.

Species
Species within the genus Pleurocera include:

 Pleurocera acuta Rafinesque, 1831 - sharp hornsnail, type species of the genus Pleurocera
 Pleurocera alveare Conrad, 1834 - rugged hornsnail
 Pleurocera annulifera Conrad, 1834 - ringed hornsnail
 Pleurocera attenuata (I. Lea, 1862)
 Pleurocera brumbyi I. Lea, 1852 - spiral hornsnail
 Pleurocera burkevillensis Stenzel & F. E. Turner, 1944
 Pleurocera canaliculata (Say, 1821) - silty hornsnail
 Pleurocera corpulenta Anthony, 1854 - corpulent hornsnail
 Pleurocera foremani I. Lea, 1843 - rough hornsnail
 Pleurocera gigantica Naranjo-García & Aguillón, 2019
 Pleurocera gradata (J. G. Anthony, 1854) - bottle hornsnail
 Pleurocera guantouensis W. Yü, 1980
 Pleurocera nicolayana (Hartt, 1870)
 Pleurocera nobilis (I. Lea, 1845) - noble hornsnail
 Pleurocera parva (I. Lea, 1862) - dainty hornsnail
 Pleurocera picta (I. Lea, 1841)
 Pleurocera postellii (I. Lea, 1862) - broken hornsnail
 Pleurocera prasinata (Conrad, 1834) - smooth hornsnail
 Pleurocera pyrenella Conrad, 1834 - skirted hornsnail
 Pleurocera showalterii I. Lea, 1862 - upland hornsnail
 Pleurocera striata (I. Lea, 1862) - striate hornsnail
 Pleurocera trochiformis (Conrad, 1834) - sulcate hornsnail
 Pleurocera uncialis (Haldeman, 1842) - pagoda hornsnail
 Pleurocera vestita (Conrad, 1834) - brook hornsnail
 Pleurocera viridula (J. G. Anthony, 1854)
 Pleurocera walkeri Goodrich, 1928 - telescope hornsnail
 Pleurocera warrenana (Meek & Hayden, 1857)

Species brought into synonymy
 Pleurocera acutum Rafinesque, 1824: synonym of Pleurocera acuta
 Pleurocera bicinctum Tryon, 1866: synonym of Pleurocera picta
 Pleurocera conradi Tryon, 1865: synonym of Pleurocera pyrenella
 Pleurocera costulatum Fuchs, 1870: synonym of Goniochilus costulatus (Fuchs, 1870)
 Pleurocera currierana (I. Lea, 1863): synonym of Pleurocera brumbyi
 Pleurocera curta (Haldeman, 1841: synonym of Pleurocera picta
 Pleurocera hinkleyi Goodrich, 1921: synonym of Pleurocera acuta
 Pleurocera kochii Fuchs, 1870: synonym of Goniochilus kochii (Fuchs, 1870)
 Pleurocera laeve T. Fuchs, 18701: synonym of Micromelania laevis
 Pleurocera leaii Tryon, 1873: synonym of Pleurocera prasinata
 Pleurocera lewisii (I. Lea, 1862): synonym of Pleurocera acuta
 Pleurocera parkeri Tryon, 1873: synonym of Elimia viennaensis
 Pleurocera parkerii Tryon, 1873: synonym of Pleurocera canaliculata
 Pleurocera plicatum Tryon, 1863: synonym of Pleurocera alveare
 Pleurocera postelli (I. Lea, 1862): synonym of Pleurocera postellii
 Pleurocera quadrosa Rafinesque, 1831: synonym of Pleurocera canaliculata
 Pleurocera radmanesti Fuchs, 1870: synonym of Prososthenia radmanesti
 Pleurocera scalariaeforme T. Fuchs, 1870: synonym of Goniochilus scalariaeformis
 Pleurocera schwabenaui T. Fuchs, 1870: synonym of Goniochilus schwabenaui
 Pleurocera shenandoa Dillon, 2019: synonym of Elimia shenandoa
 Pleurocera showalteri: synonym of Pleurocera showalterii
 Pleurocera spinosa (Deshayes, 1834): synonym of Cerithium spinosum Bruguière, 1792
 Pleurocera strombiforme (Schlotheim, 1820): synonym of Paraglauconia strombiforme
 Pleurocera subulare (I. Lea, 1831): synonym of Pleurocera acuta
 Pleurocera terebriformis (J. Morris, 1859): synonym of Pachychilus terebriformis
 Pleurocera verrucosa Rafinesque, 1820: synonym of Lithasia verrucosa

Nomen nudum
 Pleurocera angulata Rafinesque, 1818
 Pleurocera coneola  Rafinesque, 1818
 Pleurocera fasciata  Rafinesque, 1818
 Pleurocera retusa  Rafinesque, 1818
 Pleurocera saxatilis  Rafinesque, 1818
 Pleurocera turricula  Rafinesque, 1818
Pleurocera gonula Rafinesque, 1831 (nomen dubium)

Ecology
Most species inhabit larger rivers.

Pleurocera snails are dioecious.

References

External links 
 

Pleuroceridae
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot
Taxa named by Constantine Samuel Rafinesque