TaoMedAI/RareMedData huggingface dataset:
Combined immunodeficiency-enteropathy spectrum (ORPHA:436252)
A rare genetic disease characterized by multiple intestinal atresia in association with combined immunodeficiency and inflammatory bowel disease. Clinical features include widespread atresia extending from the stomach to the rectum, homogenous calcifications in the abdominal cavity, hepatic cholestasis, cirrhosis, and chronic liver failure, hypoplastic thymus, and increased susceptibility to mainly bacteria and viruses. The immunological phenotype consists of profound generalized T-cell lymphopenia and milder natural killer cell and B-cell lymphopenia, as well as low serum levels of IgG, IgA, and IgM, with elevated serum IgE. The disease is mostly fatal in infancy or childhood.
Combined malonic and methylmalonic acidemia (ORPHA:289504)
A rare inborn error of metabolism characterized by elevation of malonic acid (MA) and methylmalonic acid (MMA) in body fluids, with higher levels of MMA than MA. CMAMMA presents in childhood with metabolic acidosis, developmental delay, dystonia and failure to thrive or in adulthood with seizures, memory loss and cognitive decline.
Combined oxidative phosphorylation defect type 11 (ORPHA:324535)
A rare, genetic, mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation disorder characterized by a highly variable phenotype which ranges from a fatal neonatal/infantile encephalomyopathy with lactic acidosis, hyporeflexia/areflexia, severe hypotonia and respiratory failure to less severe cases presenting with central hypotonia, global developmental delay, congenital sensorineural hearing loss, and renal disease. Additional, variably observed, clinical features include intellectual disability, seizures, and cardiomyopathy.
Combined oxidative phosphorylation defect type 13 (ORPHA:319514)
Combined oxidative phosphorylation defect type 13 is a rare mitochondrial disease due to a defect in mitochondrial protein synthesis characterized by normal early development followed by the sudden onset in infancy of poor feeding, dysphagia, truncal (followed by global) hypotonia, motor regression, abnormal movements (i.e. severe dystonia of limbs, choreoathetosis, facial dyskinesias) and reduced tendon reflexes. The disease course is severe but nonprogressive.
Combined oxidative phosphorylation defect type 14 (ORPHA:319519)
Combined oxidative phosphorylation defect type 14 is a rare mitochondrial disease due to a defect in mitochondrial protein synthesis characterized by neonatal or infancy-onset of seizures that are refractory to treatment, delayed or absent psychomotor development and lactic acidosis. Additional manifestations reported include poor feeding, failure to thrive, microcephaly, hypotonia, anemia and thrombocytopenia.
Combined oxidative phosphorylation defect type 15 (ORPHA:319524)
Combined oxidative phosphorylation defect type 15 is a rare mitochondrial disease due to a defect in mitochondrial protein synthesis characterized by onset in infancy or early childhood of muscular hypotonia, gait ataxia, mild bilateral pyramidal tract signs, developmental delay (affecting mostly speech and coordination) and subsequent intellectual disability. Short stature, obesity, microcephaly, strabismus, nystagmus, reduced visual acuity, lactic acidosis, and a brain neuropathology consistent with Leigh syndrome are also reported.
Combined oxidative phosphorylation defect type 17 (ORPHA:369913)
Combined oxidative phosphorylation defect type 17 is a rare, genetic, mitochondrial disorder due to a defect in mitochondrial protein synthesis characterized by infantile-onset of severe hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (that occasionally progresses to dilated cardiomyopathy) associated with failure to thrive, global development delay, muscular hypotonia, elevated serum lactate and complex I deficiency in skeletal muscle biopsy. Intellectual disability, pericardial effusion and a mild cardiac phenotype have been also reported.
Combined oxidative phosphorylation defect type 2 (ORPHA:254920)
Combined oxidative phosphorylation defect type 2 is a rare mitochondrial disorder due to a defect in mitochondrial protein synthesis characterized by severe intrauterine growth retardation, neonatal limb edema and redundant skin on the neck (hydrops), developmental brain defects (corpus callosum agenesis, ventriculomegaly), brachydactyly, dysmorphic facial features with low set ears, severe intractable neonatal lactic acidosis with lethargy, hypotonia, absent spontaneous movements and fatal outcome. Markedly decreased activity of complex I, II + III and IV in muscle and liver have been determined.
Combined oxidative phosphorylation defect type 20 (ORPHA:420728)
A rare mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation disorder characterized by variable combination of psychomotor delay, hypotonia, muscle weakness, seizures, microcephaly, cardiomyopathy and mild dysmorphic facial features. Variable types of structural brain anomalies have also been reported. Biochemical studies typically show decreased activity of mitochondrial complexes (mainly complex I).
Combined oxidative phosphorylation defect type 21 (ORPHA:420733)
Combined oxidative phosphorylation defect type 21 is a rare mitochondrial disease characterized by axial hypotonia with limb hypertonia, developmental delay, hyperlactatemia, central nervous system anomalies visible on magnetic resonance imaging (e.g. corpus callosum hypoplasia, lesions of the globus pallidus) and multiple deficiency of the mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes in muscle tissue, but not in fibroblasts or liver.
Combined oxidative phosphorylation defect type 23 (ORPHA:444013)
A rare mitochondrial disease characterized by early onset of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and variable neurologic symptoms including global developmental delay, hypotonia, intellectual disability, visual impairment, and seizures. Lactic acidosis is present in all patients. Muscle biopsy usually shows decreased activity of mitochondrial complexes I and IV. Brain imaging may reveal variable abnormal signal intensities in the thalamus, basal ganglia, and/or brain stem.
Combined oxidative phosphorylation defect type 24 (ORPHA:444458)
Combined oxidative phosphorylation defect type 24 is a rare mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation disorder characterized by variable phenotype, including developmental delay with psychomotor regression, intellectual disability, epilepsy, Leigh syndrome, non-syndromic hearing loss, visual impairment and severe myopathy. Decreased activity of mitochondrial respiratory complexes and lactic acidosis are common findings, and diffuse cerebral atrophy may be associated.
Combined oxidative phosphorylation defect type 25 (ORPHA:447954)
Combined oxidative phosphorylation defect type 25 is a rare mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation disorder with decreased respiratory complex I and IV enzyme activities, characterized by hypotonia, global developmental delay, neonatal onset of progressive pectus carinatum without other skeletal abnormalities, poor growth, sensorineural hearing loss, dysmorphic features and brain abnormalities such as cerebral atrophy, quadriventricular dilatation and thin corpus callosum posteriorly.
Combined oxidative phosphorylation defect type 26 (ORPHA:477684)
A rare mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation disorder characterized by a highly variable phenotype which may present as exercise intolerance with prominent exertional dyspnea, progressive muscle weakness, spasticity, and neuropathy, but without cognitive impairment or cardiac involvement, or as global developmental delay, growth retardation, hypotonia, and spasticity. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, optic atrophy, seizures, and dysmorphic facial features have also been reported in the more severe phenotype. Serum lactate may be elevated, and muscle biopsy shows myopathic features and variably decreased activity of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes.
Combined oxidative phosphorylation defect type 27 (ORPHA:477774)
A rare mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation disorder characterized by a variable clinical phenotype including infantile onset of epileptic encephalopathy, hypotonia, global developmental delay, failure to thrive, complex movement disorder, and liver involvement, as well as childhood onset of severe myoclonus epilepsy, cognitive decline, progressive hearing and visual impairment, and progressive tetraparesis. Serum lactate may be increased, and brain imaging shows variable atrophy and white matter abnormalities.
Combined oxidative phosphorylation defect type 29 (ORPHA:478029)
A rare mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation disorder characterized by microcephaly, global developmental delay, spastic-dystonic movement disorder, intractable seizures, optic atrophy, autonomic dysfunction, and peripheral neuropathy. Serum lactate is increased, and muscle biopsy shows decreased activity of mitochondrial respiratory complexes I and III. Brain imaging reveals progressive cerebellar atrophy and delayed myelination.
Combined oxidative phosphorylation defect type 30 (ORPHA:478042)
A rare mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation disorder characterized by neonatal onset of hypotonia, feeding difficulties, deafness, and early fatal respiratory failure. Cardiac and liver involvement has been reported. Serum lactate is increased, and metabolic studies show decreased activity of mitochondrial respiratory complexes I and IV in skeletal muscle.
Combined oxidative phosphorylation defect type 39 (ORPHA:565624)
A rare mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation disorder characterized by early onset of severe developmental delay (sometimes with regression of developmental milestones) and intellectual disability, poor or absent speech, and hypotonia. Other features include movement disorder, seizures, or microcephaly, among others. Brain imaging may show features of Leigh syndrome with signal abnormalities in the basal ganglia or mid brain, cerebellar atrophy, or thin corpus callosum.
Combined oxidative phosphorylation defect type 4 (ORPHA:254925)
Combined oxidative phosphorylation defect type 4 is a rare mitochondrial disorder due to a defect in mitochondrial protein synthesis characterized by a neonatal onset of severe metabolic acidosis and respiratory distress, persistent lactic acidosis with episodes of metabolic crises, developmental regression, microcephaly, abnormal gaze fixation and pursuit, axial hypotonia with limb spasticity and reduced spontaneous movements. Neuroimaging studies reveal polymicrogyria, white matter abnormalities and multiple cystic brain lesions, including basal ganglia, and cerebral atrophy. Decreased activity of complex I and IV have been determined in muscle biopsy.
Combined oxidative phosphorylation defect type 7 (ORPHA:254930)
Combined oxidative phosphorylation defect type 7 is a rare mitochondrial disease due to a defect in mitochondrial protein synthesis characterized by a variable phenotype that includes onset in infancy or early childhood of failure to thrive and psychomotor regression (after initial normal development), as well as ocular manifestations (such as ptosis, nystagmus, optic atrophy, ophthalmoplegia and reduced vision). Additional manifestations include bulbar paresis with facial weakness, hypotonia, difficulty chewing, dysphagia, mild dysarthria, ataxia, global muscle atrophy, and areflexia. It has a relatively slow disease progression with patients often living into the third decade of life.
Combined oxidative phosphorylation defect type 8 (ORPHA:319504)
Combined oxidative phosphorylation defect type 8 is a mitochondrial disease due to a defect in mitochondrial protein synthesis resulting in deficiency of respiratory chain complexes I, III and IV in the cardiac and skeletal muscle and brain characterized by severe hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, pulmonary hypoplasia, generalized muscle weakness and neurological involvement.
Combined oxidative phosphorylation defect type 9 (ORPHA:319509)
Combined oxidative phosphorylation defect type 9 is a rare mitochondrial disease due to a defect in mitochondrial protein synthesis characterized by initially normal growth and development followed by the infantile-onset of failure to thrive, psychomotor delay, poor feeding, dyspnea, severe hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and hepatomegaly. Laboratory studies report increased plasma lactate and alanine, abnormal liver enzymes and decreased activity of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes I, III, IV, and V.
Combined pancreatic lipase-colipase deficiency (ORPHA:309111)
Combined pancreatic lipase-colipase deficiency is a disorder of lipid absorption and transport characterized by steatorrhea with foul-smelling stools from birth, diminished serum carotene and vitamin E and a combined deficiency of the pancreatic enzymes lipase and colipase. Patients are otherwise healthy and develop normally with no apparent pancreatic disease. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1990.
Combined pituitary hormone deficiencies, genetic forms (ORPHA:95494)
Congenital hypopituitarism is characterized by multiple pituitary hormone deficiency, including somatotroph, thyrotroph, lactotroph, corticotroph or gonadotroph deficiencies. Congenital hypopituitarism is rare compared with the high incidence of hypopituitarism induced by pituitary adenomas, transsphenoidal surgery or radiotherapy.
Combined pulmonary fibrosis-emphysema syndrome (ORPHA:300564)
A rare interstitial lung disease characterized by the coexistence of emphysema and usual interstitial pneumonia, typically occurring in male smokers. Emphysema is usually encountered in the upper lobes, preceding fibrosis of the lower lobes. Patients present with severe dyspnea and markedly reduced diffusion capacity on functional testing, while spirometric values are relatively preserved. The syndrome is frequently complicated by pulmonary hypertension and acute lung injury.
Commissural lip fistula (ORPHA:141061)
A rare otorhinolaryngological malformation characterized by a unilateral or bilateral fistula located at the corner of the mouth, where the vermillion border of the upper lip meets that of the lower lip. The lesion is lined by labial mucosa. It is potentially susceptible to infection.
Common arterial trunk (ORPHA:3384)
Truncus arteriosus (TA) is a rare congenital cardiovascular anomaly characterized by a single arterial trunk arising from the heart by means of a single semilunar valve (i.e. truncal valve). Pulmonary arteries originate from the common arterial trunk distal to the coronary arteries and proximal to the first brachiocephalic branch of the aortic arch. TA typically overrides a large outlet ventricular septal defect (VSD). The intracardiac anatomy usually displays situs solitus and atrioventricular (AV) concordance.
Epidemiology
Prevalence ranges from 0.03 to 0.056 per 1,000 live births. In Europe, the average recorded prevalence is 1/10,000 births (including livebirths, stillbirths, and terminations of pregnancy following prenatal diagnosis). No striking difference in frequency is observed between the sexes, although most series contain more males than females.
Clinical description
Neonates with TA present with clinical features of congestive heart failure depending on the extent of the increase in volume of pulmonary blood flow and the presence or absence of truncal valve insufficiency. Symptoms of failure manifest as falls in pulmonary resistance and increases in pulmonary overcirculation occur. Tachypnea, tachycardia, excessive sweating, poor feeding may be the first signs to appear.
Etiology
The etiology of TA remains unknown. In experimental animal models, TA has been linked to abnormal development of cells from the neural crest that are normally located in the outflow region of the developing heart; this is also thought to be an important etiologic factor in some cases of human TA.
Antenatal diagnosis
Prenatal detection of truncus arteriosus by ultrasound is documented.
Management and treatment
In the last 10 to 15 years there have been clinically significant improvements in treatment with early repair. It is now recommended that TA is repaired in the neonatal period and morbidity and mortality are as low as 5% in selected series. Currently, surgical management consists of complete repair with closure of the VSD.

                            Last update: 
                            March 2005


                            - Expert reviewer(s): 
                            Dr Luigi BALLERINI
Common cystic lymphatic malformation (ORPHA:458833)
A group of rare lymphatic malformation disorders characterized by solitary or multifocal, benign, congenital malformation of the lymphatic vessels in the soft tissues, resulting in painless cystic lesions, which are predominantly found in the head and neck (but may affect any site), and which have varying clinical presentation depending on specific size and location of lesion. Categorization into macrocystic lympathic malformations, microcystic lymphatic malformations or mixed cystic lymphatic malformations is reported based on the size of the cyst(s) contained within the lesion. Functional deficits and compromise of vital functions (including breathing, feeding) may be observed.
Complement component 3 deficiency (ORPHA:280133)
Complement component 3 deficiency is a rare, genetic, primary immunodeficiency characterized by susceptibility to infection (mainly by gram negative bacteria) due to extremely low C3 plasma levels. Patients typically present recurrent episodes of sinusitis, tonsillitis, and/or otitis, as well as upper and lower respiratory tract infections (including pneumonia) and skin infections, such as erythema multiforme. Autoimmune disease resembling systemic lupus erythematosus and mesangiocapillary or membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis may develop, resulting in renal failure.
Complement hyperactivation-angiopathic thrombosis-protein-losing enteropathy syndrome (ORPHA:566175)
A rare genetic disease characterized by CD55 deficiency with complement hyperactivation, angiopathic thrombosis, and protein-losing enteropathy with abdominal pain, diarrhea, vomiting, primary intestinal lymphangiectasia, hypoproteinemic edema, and malabsorption, leading to anemia and growth delay. Bowel inflammation and recurrent infections associated with hypogammaglobulinemia may also be observed.
Complete hydatidiform mole (ORPHA:254688)
A form of hydatiform mole characterized by abnormal hyperplastic trophoblasts and hydropic villi due to fertilization of an enucleated ovocyte by one or two haploid spermatozoa that can manifest with vaginal bleeding accompanied by nausea and frequent vomiting, hyperemesis gravidarum, risk of spontaneous miscarriage, hyperthyroidism, and has the potential of developing into choriocarcinoma.
Complete septate uterus (ORPHA:180126)
Complete septate uterus is a rare, non-syndromic uterovaginal malformation characterized by a uterus that has a longitudinal septum which elongates from the uterine fundus to the internal or external cervical os. Most often women are asymptomatic, however dysmenorrhea, unilateral obstruction, and endometriosis could be observed. Unlike urinary tract abnormalities, which are very rarely associated, poor reproductive outcome is frequent.
Complex chromosomal rearrangement (ORPHA:263708)
A group of rare chromosomal anomalies characterized by constitutional structural chromosomal rearrangements, including translocations, invertions, duplications and deletions, involving at least three breakpoints on two or more chromosomes. Individuals with such arrangements may display various phenotypes including cognitive impairment, congenital abnormalities and infertility, while some can also be phenotypically normal. Both de novo and familial forms are reported.
Complex lethal osteochondrodysplasia (ORPHA:457378)
A rare, genetic, primary bone dysplasia with decreased bone density characterized by fetal lethality, severe hypomineralization of the entire skeleton, barrel shaped thorax with short ribs, multiple intrauterine fractures of ribs and long bones, ascites, pleural effusion, and ventriculomegaly. Variable congenital developmental anomalies affecting the brain, lungs, and kidneys have also been associated.
Complex regional pain syndrome type 1 (ORPHA:99995)
Complex regional pain syndrome type 1 (CRPS1) is a form of complex regional pain syndrome (see this term) in which the pain is disproportionate to any known inciting event and is characterized by continuous pain, allodynia, or hyperalgesia as well as edema, coloration (changes in skin blood flow), or abnormal sudomotor activity in the region of pain. Onset of CRPS1 symptoms may occur within a few days to a month after an injury or trauma to the affected limb.
Complex regional pain syndrome type 2 (ORPHA:99994)
Complex regional pain syndrome type 2 (CRPS2), or causalgia is a form of complex regional pain syndrome that develops after damage to a peripheral nerve and is characterized by spontaneous pain, allodynia and hyperalgesia , not necessarily limited to the territory of the injured nerve, as well as at some point, edema, changes in skin blood flow or sudomotor dysfunction in the pain area.
Complex regional pain syndrome (ORPHA:83452)
Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a rare neurologic disease painful progressive condition that corresponds to a group of disorders characterized by a disproportionate spontaneous or stimulus-induced pain, accompanied by a variably mixed myriad of autonomic and motor disorders including symptoms such as swelling, allodynia, skin blood supply and trophic disturbances. CRPS most often affects one of the arms, legs, hands, or feet and usually occurs after an injury or trauma to that limb.
Composite hemangioendothelioma (ORPHA:458758)
A rare vascular tumor characterized by a poorly circumscribed, infiltrative nodular lesion with vascular differentiation, centered in the dermis and subcutis. The tumor is composed of histologically benign, intermediate, and malignant components. Typical is an admixture of different components which include epithelioid and retiform hemangioendothelioma, spindle cell hemangioma, angiosarcoma-like areas, and benign vascular lesions. Predilection sites are the distal extremities. Many patients have a history of lymphedema. Local recurrence is frequent, while metastasis is rare.
Composite lymphoma (ORPHA:168966)
A rare lymphoma characterized by the concurrent occurrence of two or more histologic types of lymphoma involving the same anatomic site. Composite lymphomas can be combinations of two non-Hodgkin lymphomas or of a non-Hodgkin and a Hodgkin lymphoma. In many cases, the tumors are clonally related. Clinical presentation and treatment are determined by the more aggressive component.
Conductive deafness-malformed external ear syndrome (ORPHA:3216)
A very rare, syndromic genetic deafness characterized by mild to moderate conductive hearing loss, dysmorphic pinnae and lip pits or dimples. The pinnae are usually small, cup-shaped, with helix folded forward, and hearing loss is associated with malformed ossicles and displacement of the external auditory canal.
Conductive deafness-ptosis-skeletal anomalies syndrome (ORPHA:3236)
Conductive deafness-ptosis-skeletal anomalies syndrome is a rare, genetic ectodermal dysplasia syndrome characterized by conductive hearing loss due to atresia of the external auditory canal and the middle ear complicated by chronic infection, ptosis and skeletal anomalies (internal rotation of hips, dislocation of the radial heads and fifth finger clinodactyly). In addition, a thin, pinched nose, delayed hair growth and dysplastic teeth are associated. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1978.
Cone dystrophy with supernormal rod response (ORPHA:209932)
Cone dystrophy with supernormal rod response (CDSRR) is an inherited retinopathy, with an onset in the first or second decade of life, characterized by poor visual acuity (due to central scotoma), photophobia, severe dyschromatopsia, and occasionally, nystagmus. Night blindness usually develops later in the course of the disease, but it can also be apparent from childhood. A hallmark of CDSRR is the decreased and delayed dark-adapted response to dim flashes in electroretinographic recordings, which contrasts with the supernormal b-wave response at the highest levels of stimulation.