Tamazight-NLP/NLLB-Seed_Standard-Moroccan-Tamazight huggingface dataset:
English: In fact, according to calculations made on the basis of the heliacal rising of the star Sirius (Sothis) and inscriptions found by archaeologists, this date must have been October 22.
Tamazight: ⴳ ⵜⵉⵍⴰⵡⵜ, ⵙ ⵉⵙⵉⴹⵉⵏⵏ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⴳⴰⵏ ⵅⴼ ⵜⴰⵜⵜⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴼⵓⵢⵜ ⵉ ⵢⵉⵜⵔⵉ ⵙⵉⵔⵢⵓⵙ (ⵙⵓⵜⵉⵙ) ⴷ ⵉⴳⵣⴰⵢⵏ ⵓⴼⴰⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵕⴽⵢⵓⵍⵓⵊⵉⵜ, ⵉⵍⴰⵇ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴳ ⵡⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⴰⴷ 22 ⴽⵜⵓⴱⵕ.
English: This was in fact the second time in ancient Egyptian history that a temple was dedicated to a queen.
Tamazight: ⵜⴳⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵉⵍⴰⵡⵜ ⵜⴰⴷ ⵜⵉⴽⴽⵍⵜ ⵜⵉⵙ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⴰⵎⵉⵥⵕⵉ ⴰⵣⴰⵢⴽⵓ ⴳ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵥⵍⴰⵢ ⵡⴰⵏⵙⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵙⵙⵓⵎⴳⴰ ⵉ ⵜⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷⵜ.
English: Traditionally, the statues of the queens stood next to those of the pharaoh, but were never taller than his knees.
Tamazight: ⵙ ⵜⴰⵍⵖⴰ ⵜⴰⵇⴱⵓⵔⵜ, ⴱⴷⴷⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⵙⴼⵔⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⴼⵔⵄⵓⵏ, ⵎⴰⴽⴰ ⵓⵔ ⵏⵏ ⴳⵓⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⴳ ⵜⴰⵖⵣⵉ ⴰⴼⵓⴷ ⵏⵏⵙ.
English: The capitals of the pillars bear the face of the goddess Hathor; this type of column is known as Hathoric.
Tamazight: ⵓⵙⵉⵏⵜ ⵜⵔⵙⴰⵍ ⵉⵙⵏⵉⵜⵏ ⵏ ⵡⵓⴷⵎ ⵏ ⵡⴰⴽⵓⵛ ⵃⴰⵜⵃⵓⵕ; ⵉⵜⵜⵡⴰⵙⵙⵏ ⵡⴰⵏⴰⵡ ⴰⴷ ⵙ ⵜⵔⵙⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵉⴷ ⵎⵎ ⵡⴰⵙⵙⴰⵖ ⵏ ⵃⴰⵜⵃⵓⵕⵉⴽ.
English: On the south and the north walls of this chamber there are two graceful and poetic bas-reliefs of the king and his consort presenting papyrus plants to Hathor, who is depicted as a cow on a boat sailing in a thicket of papyri.
Tamazight: ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⴳ ⵉⴳⵉⴷⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵢⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ ⴷ ⵓⵥⵥⵍⵎⴹ ⵉ ⵜⵎⵚⵕⵉⵢⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⵜⴳⵣⵣⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵉⵖⵓⴷⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⴷⵢⴰⵣⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷ ⴷ ⵜⵎⵖⴰⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴷⴰ ⴰⵙ ⴰⴽⴽⴰⵏⵜ ⵉⵎⵖⴰⵢⵏ ⵉ ⵀⴰⵜⵓⵔ, ⵜⵖⴰⵍ ⵉⴷ ⵜⴰⴼⵓⵏⴰⵙⵜ ⵉⵜⵜⵄⵓⵎⵍ ⴰⴼⵍⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵖⵔⵔⴰⴱⵓ ⴳ ⵜⴰⴳⴰⵏⵜ ⵎⵎ ⵉⴼⵔⴰⵡⵏ ⵏ ⵍⴱⵔⴷⵉ.
English: None of the current buildings are believed to date from before the 17th century, but they were likely built with the same construction methods and designs as had been used for centuries before.
Tamazight: ⵓⵔ ⵉⴷⵎⵉ ⴽⴰⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⴽⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏ ⴷⵖⵉ ⴰⴷ ⵓⵖⵓⵍⵏⵜ ⵙ ⴷⴰⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵓⵜⴰ ⵜⵉⵙⵙ 17, ⵎⴰⵛⴰⵏ ⵉⵣⵎⵔ ⴰⴷ ⵜ ⵙⴽⵓⵏ ⵙ ⵜⴰⵍⵖⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⴽⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵎⴰⵎⴽⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵙ ⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵙⵓⵜⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏ ⴷⴰⵜ.
English: Other kasbahs and ksour were located all along this route, such as the nearby Tamdaght to the north.
Tamazight: ⵍⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⵖⵔⵎⴰⵜⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵉⴱⵔⴳⵎⵎⵉⵜⵏ ⴰⴹⵏⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵜⴰⵖⵣⵉ ⵏ ⵓⴱⵔⵉⴷ, ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴷⴰⵖⵜ ⵉⵍⵜⵎⴰⵍⴰⵏ ⵉ ⵉⵥⵥⵍⵎⴹ.
English: The village's buildings are grouped together within a defensive wall that includes corner towers and a gate.
Tamazight: ⴷⴰ ⵜⵜⵎⵓⵏⵜ ⵜⵙⴽⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵖⵔⵎ ⴳ ⵓⵖⵔⴰⴱ ⴰⵎⵖⵣⴰⵏ ⵉⵙⵎⵓⵏⵏ ⵉⴱⵔⵊⵉⵜⵏ ⵜⵉⵖⵎⵔⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵡⵡⵓⵔⵜ.
English: The village also has a number of public or community buildings such as a mosque, a caravanserai, a kasbah (castle-like fortification) and the Marabout of Sidi Ali or Amer.
Tamazight: ⵜⵙⵎⵓⵏ ⵜⵉⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⴷⵉⵖ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵙⴽⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵏⵖ ⴷ ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵎⵣⴳⵉⴷⴰ ⵡⵉⵅⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵖⵔⵎⵜ(ⵜⵙⴽⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⴰⴽⵙⵓⵍⵏⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵖⵔⵎⵜ) ⴷ ⵎⴰⵕⴰⴱⵓⵟ ⵙⵉⴷⵉ ⵄⵍⵉ ⵏⵖ ⴷ ⵄⴰⵎⵕ.
English: It was made of compressed earth and mud, usually mixed with other materials to aid adhesion.
Tamazight: ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵡⴰⵀⵢⵢⴰ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵍⵓⴹ ⴷ ⵡⴰⴽⴰⵍ ⵉⵏⵖⴷⵏ, ⵜⵉⴽⴽⴰⵍ ⴷⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵏⵙⵙⵎⵔⴽⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵜⵎⵜⵜⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⴰⴹⵏⵉⵏ ⵉ ⵜⴰⵡⵙⴰ ⴳ ⵡⵓⴹⵓⴼ.
English: The Aswan Dam, or more specifically since the 1960s, the Aswan High Dam, is the world's largest embankment dam, which was built across the Nile in Aswan, Egypt, between 1960 and 1970.
Tamazight: ⵓⴳⴳⵓⴳ ⴰⵙⵡⴰⵏ, ⵏⵖ ⴷ ⵙ ⵜⵡⴰⵍⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵥⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵙⴳ ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙⵏ 1960s, ⵓⴳⴳⵓⴳ ⴰⵙⵡⴰⵏ ⵢⴰⵜⵜⵓⵢⵏ, ⵉⴳⴰ ⵓⴳⴳⵓⴳ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔ ⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ, ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⴽⴰ ⵅⴼ ⵏⵏⵉⵍ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵡⴰⵏ, ⵎⵉⵚⵕ, ⴳⵔ ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙⵏ 1960 ⴷ 1970.
English: Like the earlier implementation, the High Dam has had a significant effect on the economy and culture of Egypt.
Tamazight: ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵉⴳⴳⵉ ⵉⵣⵔⵉⵏ, ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⵅⴼ ⵡⵓⴳⴳⵓⴳ ⵉⵚⵉⴹ ⴰⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔ ⵅⴼ ⵜⴷⴰⵎⵙⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ ⴳ ⵎⵉⵚⵕ.
English: However, this natural flooding varied, since high-water years could destroy the whole crop, while low-water years could create widespread drought and consequently famine.
Tamazight: ⵙ ⵎⴰⵏ ⴰⵢⴰ, ⴱⴰⵢⵏ ⵉⵙⴰⴼⴼⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵎⴰⵜⵏ, ⵉⵣⵎⵔ ⴰⴷ ⵔⴷⵍⵏ ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙⵏ ⴳ ⴳⴳⵓⴷⵉⵏ ⵡⴰⵎⴰⵏ ⵉⵙⴰⵔⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵎⴰⵜⴰ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰⵏ ⵉⵣⵎⵔ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵉⵍⵉ ⵜⵖⵓⵔⴰⵔⵜ ⴷ ⴱⵓⵀⵢⵢⵓⴼ ⴳ ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙⵏ ⴳ ⴷⵔⵓⵙⵏ ⵡⴰⵎⴰⵏ.
English: Instead the Nile Valley Plan by the British hydrologist Harold Edwin Hurst was favored, which proposed to store water in Sudan and Ethiopia, where evaporation is much lower.
Tamazight: ⵜⵃⵍⴰ ⵜⴰⴱⵔⵉⴷⵜ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵙⵉⴼ ⵏ ⵏⵏⵉⵍ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵙⴽⵔ ⵓⵎⵓⵙⵏⴰⵡ ⴰⵀⵉⴷⵓⵔⵓⵍⵓⵊⵢⴰ ⴰⴱⵕⵉⵟⴰⵏⵉ ⵀⴰⵔⵓⵍⴷ ⵀⵉⵔⵙⵜ, ⵉⵙⵙⵓⵎⵔ ⵜⵜ ⵉ ⵓⵙⵎⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵎⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵙⵙⵓⴷⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵜⵓⴱⵢⴰ, ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⴷⴰ ⴷⵉⵙ ⵜⵜⵉⵍⵉⵏ ⵉⵔⵓⴳⴳⵯⴰ ⵙ ⵉⵎⵉⴽⴽ.
English: Initially, both the United States and the USSR were interested in helping development of the dam.
Tamazight: ⴳ ⵜⵉⵣⵡⵉⵔⵉ, ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⵜⴰⵡⵉⵍⴰⵢⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵏⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵡⴰⵎⵓⵏ ⴰⵙⵓⴼⵢⴰⵜⵉ ⵙⵜⴰⵡⵀⵎⵎⴰⵏⵜ ⵙ ⵜⵡⵉⵣⵉ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴱⵓⵖⵍⵓ ⵏ ⵡⵓⴳⴳⵓⴳ.
English: At that time the U.S. feared that communism would spread to the Middle East, and it saw Nasser as a natural leader of an anticommunist procapitalist Arab League.
Tamazight: ⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⵏⵏⴰⵖ, ⴽⴽⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⵡⵉⵍⴰⵢⴰⵜⵉⵏ ⵎⵓⵏⵏⵉⵏ ⴳⴳⵯⴷⵏⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵣⵔⵉ ⵜⵊⵎⴰⵡⵜ ⵖⵔ ⵓⵏⵇⵇⵔ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ, ⵜⵥⵕ ⵄⴱⴷ ⵏⵏⴰⵚⵕ ⴰⵎⵖⴰⵔ ⴰⵏⴳⴰⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴷⴳⴰⵔⵜ ⵉⵜⵜⵏⴰⵖⵏ ⵎⴳⴰⵍ ⵜⴰⵊⵎⴰⵡⵜ.
English: After the UN criticized a raid by Israel against Egyptian forces in Gaza in 1955, Nasser realized that he could not portray himself as the leader of pan-Arab nationalism if he could not defend his country militarily against Israel.
Tamazight: ⴼⴼⵉⵔ ⵓⵢⵏⵏⴰ ⵣⵖⵏⴻⵏⵜ ⵜⵎⵜⵜⴰ ⵎⵓⵏⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⴰⵖⵣⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵕⴰⵢⵉⵍ ⵅⴼ ⵜⴷⵓⵙⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⵉⵥⵕⵉⵜⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵖⴰⵣⵣⴰ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ ⵏ 1955, ⵢⵓⴽⵣ ⵏⴰⵚⵉⵕ ⵏⵡⵉⵙ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵖⵉⵢ ⴰⴷ ⵢⵉⵏⵉ ⴳⵉⵖ ⴰⵎⵓⵣⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵜⵜⴰ ⵜⴰⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ ⵎⴰⵃⴷ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵣⵎⵉⵔ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵔⴰⵔ ⵅⴼ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵎⴳⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵕⴰⵢⵉⵍ.
English: Nasser did not accept these conditions, and consulted the USSR for support.
Tamazight: ⵢⵓⴳⵢ ⵏⴰⵚⵉⵕ ⵜⵉⴼⴰⴷⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⴰⴷ, ⵉⵜⵜⵔ ⵉⵡⵙ ⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⴼⵢⴰⵜⵉⵜ.
English: Dulles was angered more by Nasser's diplomatic recognition of China, which was in direct conflict with Dulles's policy of containment of communism.
Tamazight: ⵉⵊⵄⵔ ⴷⴰⵍⵙ ⵅⴼ ⵄⴱⴷ ⵏⵏⴰⵚⵉⵕ ⵉⴷⴷⵖ ⵉⵇⵔⵔⴰ ⵙ ⵜⵍⵖⴰ ⵜⴰⴷⵉⴱⵍⵓⵎⴰⵙⵉⵜ ⵙ ⵚⵚⵉⵏ, ⵓⵔ ⵉⵎⵙⴰⵙⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵙⵔⵜⵉⵜ ⵏ ⴷⴰⵍⵙ ⵉⵔⴰⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴳ ⵜⵊⵎⴰⵡⵜ ⵜⵉⵏⵏⵙ.
English: He was also irritated by Nasser's neutrality and attempts to play both sides of the Cold War.
Tamazight: ⵉⵊⵄⵔ ⴰⵍⵜⵓ ⵅⴼ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵄⴱⴷ ⵏⵏⴰⵚⵉⵕ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵔⵉⵎ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵏ ⵡⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⵅⴼ ⵜⵙⴳⴳⵯⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵏⵖⵉ ⵉⵇⵔⴼⵏ ⵙ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ.
English: The enormous rock and clay dam was designed by the Soviet Hydroproject Institute along with some Egyptian engineers.
Tamazight: ⵉⴳⴰ ⵓⵙⵉⵏⴰⴳ ⴰⵙⵓⴼⵢⴰⵜⵉ ⵀⵉⴷⵕⵓⴱⵕⵓⵊⵉ ⴰⵙⵖⵉⵡⵙ ⵏ ⵡⵓⴳⴳⵓⴳ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵍⵍⵉⵡⵏ ⴷ ⵡⴰⴽⴰⵍ ⴰⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔ ⴰⵡⵙⵏ ⴰⵙ ⵢⵉⴷⵙ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵜⵡⴰⵍⵏ ⵉⵎⵉⵥⵕⵉⵜⵏ.
English: Conversely, the dam flooded a large area, causing the relocation of over 100,000 people.
Tamazight: ⵙ ⵓⵏⵎⴳⴰⵍ, ⵉⴽⵜⴰⵔ ⵡⵓⴳⴳⵓⴳ ⵜⴰⵊⵓⵎⵎⴰ ⵜⴰⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔⵜ, ⴰⵢⵏⵏⴰ ⴷ ⵉⴼⴽⴰⵏ ⴰⵍⵍⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵣⴷⴷⵓⵖ ⵉ ⵡⵓⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ 100,000 ⵏ ⵓⴼⴳⴰⵏ.
English: The assessment of the costs and benefits of the dam remains controversial decades after its completion.
Tamazight: ⵉⵙⵓⵍ ⵓⵙⵉⵜⴳ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵎⵉⴳⵉⵍⵏ ⴷ ⵉⴱⵖⵓⵔⵏ ⵏ ⵡⵓⴳⴳⵓⴳ ⴷⵉⴳⵙ ⴰⵎⵔⴰⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴹⴰⵔⵜ ⵜⵉⵎⵔⴰⵡⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙⵏ ⵅⴼ ⵓⵙⵎⴰⴷ ⵏⵏⵙ.
English: Not taking into account the negative environmental and social effects of the dam, its costs are thus estimated to have been recovered within only two years.
Tamazight: ⴱⵍⴰ ⴰⵙⵡⴰⵏ ⵅⴼ ⵜⵢⴰⴼⵓⵜⵉⵏ ⵜⵓⵣⴷⵉⵔⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵏⴳⴰⵎⴰⵜⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵏⴰⵎⵓⵏⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵡⵓⴳⴳⵓⴳ, ⵉⵖⵢ ⴰⴷ ⵢⵉⵍⵉ ⵡⴰⵜⵉⴳ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵍⵍⵡⴰ ⴷ ⴳ ⵙⵉⵏ ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙⵏ ⴷⴰⵢⵢ.
English: Another observer disagreed and he recommended that the dam should be torn down.
Tamazight: ⵉⴼⴽ ⵉⵙⵎⵉⴳⵉⵍⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵏⵎⵎⵓⵜⵔ ⵏⵡⴰⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵔⴷⵍ ⵡⵓⴳⴳⵓⴳ.
English: The dam mitigated the effects of floods, such as those in 1964, 1973, and 1988.
Tamazight: ⵉⵙⴷⵔⴰⵙ ⵡⵓⴳⴳⵓⴳ ⵉⵏⴳⵢⴰⵏ, ⴰⵎ ⵡⵉⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⴽⴽⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙⵏ ⵏ 1964 ⴷ 1973 ⴷ 1988.
English: A new fishing industry has been created around Lake Nasser, though it is struggling due to its distance from any significant markets.
Tamazight: ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⴽⴰ ⵓⵙⵓⴽⵏ ⴰⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵎⵔⵜ ⴳ ⵓⴳⵍⵎⴰⵎ ⵏ ⵏⴰⵚⵉⵕ, ⵡⴰⵅⵅⴰ ⵜⵥⵥⵉⴹⵕ ⵙ ⵓⵎⵏⵜⵉⵍ ⵏ ⵓⵄⵔⴰⵇ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉ ⵉⴳⴰⴷⴰⵣⵏ ⵉⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔⵏ.
English: About half a million families were settled on these new lands.
Tamazight: ⵉⵣⴷⵖ ⵡⴰⵜⵜⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵎⵍⵢⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵡⴰⵛⵓⵏⵜ ⴳ ⵉⴽⴰⵍⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓⵜⵏ.
English: On other previously irrigated land, yields increased because water could be made available at critical low-flow periods.
Tamazight: ⴳ ⵉⴽⴰⵍⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ ⵉⴽⴽⴰⵏ ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵙⵡⴰ, ⵜⵎⵖⵓⵔ ⵍⵖⵍⵍⵜ ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⵜⵣⵎⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵍⵉ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵎⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵔⵙⵉ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵎⴰⵏ.
English: In Sudan, 50,000 to 70,000 Sudanese Nubians were moved from the old town of Wadi Halfa and its surrounding villages.
Tamazight: ⴳ ⵙⵙⵓⴷⴰⵏ, ⵜⵜⵓⵙⵎⴰⵜⵜⵉⵏ ⵡⴰⵜⵜⴰⵢ ⵏ 50,000 ⴰⵔ 70,000 ⵏ ⵉⵏⵓⴱⵉⵜⵏ ⵉⵙⵓⴷⴰⵏⵉⵜⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵡⴰⴷⵉ ⵃⴰⵍⴼⴰ ⴷ ⵉⵖⵔⵎⴰⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ ⴰⵙ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵏ.
English: The government developed an irrigation project, called the New Halfa Agricultural Development Scheme to grow cotton, grains, sugar cane and other crops.
Tamazight: ⵜⵙⴱⵓⵖⵍⴰ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⴰⵙⵖⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵙⵙⵉ ⵉⵍⴰⵏ ⴰⵙⵙⴰⵖ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵖⵉⵡⵙ ⵏ ⵃⴰⵍⴼⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓⵜ ⵉ ⵜⵉⴳⵎⵉ ⵜⴰⴽⵔⵣⴰⵏⵜ ⴷ ⵜⴽⵔⵣⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴼⴹⵓⵖ ⴷ ⵢⵉⵔⴷⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵖⴰⵏⵉⵎ ⵏ ⵙⵙⴽⵯⵕ ⴷ ⵡⵉⵢⵢⴰⴹ.
English: Housing and facilities were built for 47 village units whose relationship to each other approximated that in Old Nubia.
Tamazight: ⵜⵜⵓⵙⴽⴰⵏ ⵉⵣⴷⵓⵖⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵖⵎⵔⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ ⵉ 47 ⵏ ⵉⵖⵔⵎ ⵎⵙⵏⵎⵉⵍⵉⵏ ⵉⵣⴷⴰⵢⵏ ⴳⵔⴰⵙⵏ ⴰⵎ ⵡⵉⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⴽⴽⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵏⵓⴱⵢⴰ ⵜⴰⵇⴱⵓⵔⵜ.
English: The nutrient value added to the land by the sediment was only 6,000 tons of potash, 7,000 tons of phosphorus pentoxide and 17,000 tons of nitrogen.
Tamazight: ⵉⴽⴽⴰ ⵡⴰⵜⵉⴳ ⵏ ⵡⵓⵛⵛⵉ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵔⵏⴰⵏ ⵉ ⵡⴰⴽⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵡⵓⵙⵍⵉⵖⵏ 6,000 ⵟⵓⵏ ⴷⴰⵢⵢ ⵏ ⴱⵓⵜⴰⵙ ⴷ 7,000 ⵟⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵉⵎⵓⴽⵙⵉⴷ ⵏ ⴼⵓⵙⴼⵓⵕ ⴷ 17,000 ⵟⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵏⵉⵜⵕⵓⵊⵉⵏ.
English: Soil salinity also increased because the distance between the surface and the groundwater table was small enough (1–2 m depending on soil conditions and temperature) to allow water to be pulled up by evaporation so that the relatively small concentrations of salt in the groundwater accumulated on the soil surface over the years.
Tamazight: ⵜⵎⵖⵓⵔ ⵜⵉⵎⵉⵔⵖⵜ ⵏ ⵡⴰⴽⴰⵍ ⴰⵍⵜⵓ ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵉⵎⵥⵥⵉⵢ ⵓⵙⵜⵓⵎ ⵏ ⴳⵔ ⵡⵓⴷⵎⴽⴰⵍ ⴷ ⵡⵓⴼⵓⵖ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵎⴰⵏ ⵏ ⴷⴷⴰⵡ ⵡⴰⴽⴰⵍ, (1-2 ⵎⵉⵜⵔ ⵙ ⵡⴰⵏⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵡⴰⴽⴰⵍ ⴷ ⵜⵙⴽⵯⴼⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵔⵖⵉ) ⵉ ⵡⴰⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⵉⵊⵊ ⵉ ⵓⵙⵓⴼⵖ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵎⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵉⵔⵓⴳⴳⴰ ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵜⴳⴳⵓⴷⵉ ⵜⴰⵡⵏⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵙⵏⵜ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵎⴰⵏ ⵏ ⴷⴷⴰⵡ ⵡⴰⴽⴰⵍ ⵅⴼ ⵡⵓⴷⵎⴽⴰⵍ ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙⵏ ⵅⴼ ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙⵏ.
English: By the 1950s only a small proportion of Upper Egypt had not been converted from basin (low transmission) to perennial (high transmission) irrigation.
Tamazight: ⵙ ⵓⵍⴽⴰⵎ ⵏ ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙⵏ ⵏ 1950s ⵏ ⵜⵙⵓⵜⴰ ⵉⵣⵔⵉⵏ, ⵓⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⵖⴰⵙ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵉⴳⵎⵉⴹⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⵥⵥⴰⵏⵜ ⴳ ⵎⵉⵥⵕ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⴼⵍⵍⴰⵜ ⴳ ⵓⴳⵍⵎⴰⵎ (ⴰⵎⴰⵣⴷⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵎⵓⵜⵜⵢ) ⴰⵔ ⵜⵉⵙⵙⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⵖⵍⴰⵍⵜ (ⴰⵏⴰⴼⵍⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵎⵓⵜⵜⵢ).
English: S. haematobium has since disappeared altogether.
Tamazight: ⵙⴳ ⵡⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⴰⵏⵏ ⵜⵣⵍⴰ ⵙ. ⵀⵉⵎⴰⵜⵓⴱⵢⵓⵎ.
English: This means that the dead storage volume would be filled up after 300–500 years if the sediment accumulated at the same rate throughout the area of the lake.
Tamazight: ⴰⵢⴰ ⴰⵢ ⵔⴰⴷ ⴷ ⵢⴰⵡⵢ ⴰⴽⵜⵓⵔ ⵏ ⵓⴽⵙⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵓⵖⵣⴰⵏ ⴼⴼⵉⵔ ⵏ 300-500 ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵎⴽ ⴷⴰ ⵜⵜⵎⵓⵜⵜⵓⵔⵏ ⵉⵙⵍⴰⵖⵏ ⵙ ⵉⵎⴽⵉ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵏⵙⵉⵡⵏ ⵎⴰⵕⵕⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵍⵎⴰⵎ.
English: After construction of the dam, aquatic weeds grew much faster in the clearer water, helped by fertilizer residues.
Tamazight: ⴼⴼⵉⵔ ⵜⵉⵙⴽⵉ ⵏ ⵡⵓⴳⴳⵓⴳ, ⴳⵎⴰⵏ ⵉⵎⵖⴰⵢⵏ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵎⴰⵏ ⵣⵉⴽⴽ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵎⴰⵏ ⵉⵣⴷⴷⴰⴳⵏ, ⵙ ⵢⵉⵡⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵢⵏⵏⴰ ⴷ ⵉⵇⵇⵉⵎⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔ.
English: Mediterranean fishing and brackish water lake fishery declined after the dam was finished because nutrients that flowed down the Nile to the Mediterranean were trapped behind the dam.
Tamazight: ⵜⴳⴳⵣ ⵜⴳⵎⵔⵜ ⴳ ⵢⵉⵍⴻⵍ ⴰⵎⴻⵍⵍⴰⵍ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⴰⵙ ⴷⵔⵉⵙⵏ ⵡⴰⵏⵙⵉⵡⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵎⵔⵜ ⴳ ⵓⴳⵍⵎⴰⵎ ⴼⴼⵉⵔ ⴰⴼⵓⴽⴽⵓ ⵏ ⵡⵓⴳⴳⵓⴳ ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵇⵇⵉⵎⴰⵏ ⵡⵓⵛⵛⵉⵜⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵡⵢ ⵡⴰⵙⵉⴼ ⵏ ⵏⵉⵍ ⵉⴳⴰⵍⵢ ⵜⵏ ⵡⵓⴳⴳⵓⴳ.
English: A concern before the construction of the High Dam had been the potential drop in river-bed level downstream of the Dam as the result of erosion caused by the flow of sediment-free water.
Tamazight: ⵓⵔ ⴷⴰ ⵢⵓⵡⵉⵢ ⵜⴰⵡⵏⴳⵉⵎⵜ ⵖⴰⵙ ⵜⵉⵙⴽⵉ ⵏ ⵡⵓⴳⴳⵓⴳ ⴰⵎⴰⵊⵊⴳⴰⵍ ⵖⴰⵙ ⵓⴳⵓⵣ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵡⵉⵔ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵣⴷⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵙⵉⴼ ⵖⵔ ⵜⵏⵉⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵡⵢ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵎⴰⵏ ⴰⵢⴰ ⵙ ⵜⵢⴰⴼⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵡⵓⴽⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵡⴰⴽⴰⵍ ⴰⴽⴽⴰⵏ ⵡⴰⵎⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⵎⵓⵏ ⴷ ⵡⵓⵙⵍⵉⵖⵏ.
English: The red-brick construction industry, which consisted of hundreds of factories that used Nile sediment deposits along the river, has also been negatively affected.
Tamazight: ⵉⵎⴽⵉⵏⵏⴰ ⵜⵜⵓⴹⴰⵙ ⵜⵎⴳⵓⵔⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵙⴽⵉ ⵙ ⵡⵓⵟⵟⵓⴱ ⴰⵣⴳⴳⵯⴰⵖ, ⴷⵉⴳⵙ ⴰⴳ ⵍⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⵎⵉⴹⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵓⴳⴰⵔⵏ ⵉⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉⵏ ⵉⵖⵍⴰⵖⵏ ⵏ ⵏⵉⵍ ⵅⴼ ⵜⴰⵖⵣⵉ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵙⵉⴼ, ⵙ ⵜⴰⵍⵖⴰ ⵜⵓⵣⴷⵉⵔⵜ.
English: Because of the lower turbidity of the water sunlight penetrates deeper in the Nile water.
Tamazight: ⵙ ⵓⵎⵏⵜⵉⵍ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵔⵙⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵙⴽⵯⴼⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵉⴹⵕ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵎⴰⵏ, ⴷⴰ ⵖⵍⵍⵉⵏ ⵉⵥⵏⵥⴰⵕⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴼⵓⵢⵜ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵎⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵏⵉⵍ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ.
English: Construction work began in 1995 and, after some US$220 million had been spent, the complex was officially inaugurated on 16 October 2002.
Tamazight: ⵏⵜⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵙⴽⵉ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1995, ⴼⴼⵉⵔ ⵓⵛⵛⵉ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵜⵜⴰⵢ ⵏ 220 ⵎⵍⵢⵓⵏ ⴷⵓⵍⴰⵕ ⴰⵎⵉⵔⵉⴽⵉ, ⴷ ⵢⵉⵏⴼ ⵏ ⵡⵓⴷⴷⵉⵙ ⵙ ⵜⴰⵍⵖⴰ ⵜⵓⵏⵚⵉⴱⵜ ⴳ 16 ⴽⵜⵓⴱⵕ 2002.
English: The recreation of the ancient library was not only adopted by other individuals and agencies, it garnered support from Egyptian politicians.
Tamazight: ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⵎⵉⴷⴷⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵙⵏⵓⵔⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ ⴰⴽⴷ ⵡⴰⵍⵍⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵙⴽⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵙⴷⵍⵉⵙⵜ ⵜⴰⵇⴱⵓⵔⵜ ⴰⵡⵙⵏ ⴰⵙⵏ ⴰⵡⴷ ⵉⵙⵔⵜⴰⵏⵏ ⵉⵎⵉⵥⵕⵉⵜⵏ.
English: UNESCO's involvement beginning in 1986 created a great opportunity for the project to truly be international in focus.
Tamazight: ⵜⵏⵜⴰ ⵜⴷⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵉⵙⴽⵓ (UNESCO) ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1986 ⴳ ⵜⵉⴽⴽⵉ ⵏ ⵡⴰⴷⴷⵓⵔ ⴰⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔ ⵉ ⵓⵙⵖⵏⵓ ⴰⴷ ⵢⵉⵍⵉ ⵜⴰⵖⴹⴼⵜ ⵜⴰⴳⵔⴰⵖⵍⴰⵏⵜ.
English: This architectural team consisted of ten members representing six countries.
Tamazight: ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵔⴰⴱⴱⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵙⴷⴰⴳⵜ ⵎⵔⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵉⴳⵎⴰⵎⵏ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵉⴳⵏⵙⴰⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵙⴹⵉⵙ ⵏ ⵉⵡⴰⵏⴽⵏ.
English: The first pledges were made for funding the project at a conference held in 1990 in Aswan: USD $65 million, mostly from the MENA states.
Tamazight: ⵜⵜⵓⴼⴽⴰⵏⵜ ⵉⵡⴰⵍⵉⵡⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⵡⵓⵔⴰ ⵉ ⵜⵉⴽⴽⵉ ⵏ ⵉⵇⴰⵕⵉⴹⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵖⵏⵓ ⴳ ⵓⵏⵎⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⴳⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1990 ⴳ ⴰⵙⵡⴰⵏ: 65 ⵎⵍⵢⵓⵏ ⴷⵓⵍⴰⵕ ⴰⵎⵉⵔⵉⴽⵉ, ⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰ ⴷⵉⴳⵙⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵉⵡⴰⵏⴽⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵇⵇⵔ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵉⵥⵥⵍⵎⴹ ⵏ ⵉⴼⵔⵉⵇⵢⴰ.
English: In 2010, the library received a donation of 500,000 books from the National Library of France, Bibliothèque nationale de France (BnF).
Tamazight: ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 2010, ⵉⵜⵜⵓⴼⴽⴰ ⴰⵙ ⵉ ⵜⵙⴷⵍⵉⵙⵜ ⵡⴰⵜⵉⴳ ⵏ 500,000 ⵏ ⵓⴷⵍⵉⵙ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵙⴷⵍⵉⵙⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⴼⵕⴰⵏⵙⴰ, (BnF).
English: The main reading room stands beneath a 32-meter-high glass-panelled roof, tilted out toward the sea like a sundial, and measuring some 160 m in diameter.
Tamazight: ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⵜⴷⴰⵍⴰ ⴰⴷⵙⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵖⵔⵉ ⴷⴷⴰⵡ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵓⵍⵉ ⵉⴷⵍⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵉⴼⵍⵡⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵊⵊⴰⵊ ⵙ ⵜⴰⵜⵜⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ 32 ⵎⵉⵜⵔ, ⵉⴳⴳⵓⵙⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵍⴻⵍ ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵙⴰⵣⴰⵍⵜ, ⴳ ⵡⴰⵡⵓⵎ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵜⵜⴰⵢ ⵏ 160 ⵎⵉⵜⵔ.
English: Holding approximately 1,316 artifacts, the Antiquities Museum collection provides a glimpse into Egyptian history from the Pharaonic era to the conquest of Alexander the Great to the Roman civilizations before the advent of Islam across Egypt.
Tamazight: ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴰⵍⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵉⴷⵔⵉⵣⵏ ⵡⴰⵜⵜⴰⵢ ⵏ 1316 ⵏ ⵜⴳⵣⵣⵓⵎⵜ, ⴰⵔ ⵜⵙⵙⴽⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⴰⵎⵉⵥⵕⵉ ⵙⴳ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⴰⴼⵔⵄⵓⵏⵉ ⴰⵔ ⵓⵎⵙⴷⵓⵔⵔⵉ ⵉⵙⴽⴰⵏⴷⴰⵔ ⴰⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵉⵖⵔⵎⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵕⵓⵎⴰⵏⵉⵜⵉⵏ ⴷⴰⵜ ⵡⵓⴼⵓⵖ ⵏ ⵍⵉⵙⵍⴰⵎ ⴳ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵉⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵏ ⵎⵉⵥⵕ.
English: Microfilm: This section includes microfilms of around 30,000 rare manuscripts and 50,000 documents, as well as a collection from The British Library of around 14,000 Arabic, Persian, and Turkish manuscripts, which is considered the largest collection in Europe.
Tamazight: ⵎⵉⴽⵕⵓⴼⵉⵍⵎ: ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⴳ ⵜⴳⵣⵣⵓⵎ ⴰⴷ ⵡⴰⵜⵜⴰⵢ ⵏ 30,000 ⵏ ⵡⴰⵔⵔⴰ ⵉⴷⵔⵓⵙⵏ ⴷ 50,000 ⵏ ⵜⵏⵜⴰⵎⵜ, ⴷ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵙⴷⵍⵉⵙⵜ ⵜⴰⴱⵕⵉⵟⴰⵏⵉⵜ ⴳ ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⵡⴰⵜⵜⴰⵢ ⵏ 14,000 ⵏ ⵡⴰⵔⵔⴰ ⴰⵄⵕⴰⴱ ⴷ ⵓⴼⴰⵔⵉⵙⵉ ⴷ ⵓⵜⵓⵕⴽⵉ, ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵣⵣⵓⵎⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵕⵓⴱⴱⴰ.
English: However, in 2010 the library received an additional 500,000 books from the Bibliothèque nationale de France.)
Tamazight: ⵡⴰⵅⵅⴰ, ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 2010, ⵜⵓⵎⵥ ⵜⵙⴷⵍⵉⵙⵜ 500,000 ⵏ ⵓⴷⵍⵉⵙ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵖⵓⵔ ⵜⵙⴷⵍⵉⵙⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⴼⵕⴰⵏⵙⴰ (Bibliothèque nationale de France).)
English: The Great Mosque of Djenné is a large banco or adobe building that is considered by many architects to be one of the greatest achievements of the Sudano-Sahelian architectural style.
Tamazight: ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⵎⵣⴳⵉⴷⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏⵜ ⴳ ⴷⵊⵉⵏⵉ ⴰⵥⴽⴽⴰ ⵏ ⴱⴰⵏⴽⵓ ⴰⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⴽⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵡⵓⵟⵟⵓⴱ ⴰⵔ ⵖⵉⴼⵙ ⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉⵏ ⵉⵎⵜⵡⴰⵍⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵙⴷⴰⴳⵜ ⵏⵡⵉⵙ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜⵉⵙⴽⵉ ⵜⵎⴰⵇⵕⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵙⴷⴳⵜ ⴳ ⵙⵙⵓⴷⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵔ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵍⴻⵍ.
English: The earliest document mentioning the mosque is Abd al-Sadi's Tarikh al-Sudan which gives the early history, presumably from the oral tradition as it existed in the mid-seventeenth century.
Tamazight: ⵜⴰⵏⵜⴰⵎⵜ ⵜⴰⵇⴱⵓⵔⵜ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵉⵙⵙⴽⴰⵏⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⵣⴳⵉⴷⴰ ⵜⴳⴰ ⴰⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⵏ ⵄⴱⴷ ⵙⵙⵄⴷⵉ, ⴰⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⵏ ⵙⵙⵓⴷⴰⵏ ⵢⴰⴽⴽⴰⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⵚⴰⵕⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵇⴱⵓⵔⵉⵏ, ⵙ ⵉⵎⴽⵉⵏⵏⴰ ⵙ ⵜ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉ ⵜⵎⵢⵓⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵉⵡⴰⵏⵜ ⵙ ⵉⵎⴽⵉⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵓⵜⴰ ⵜⵉⵙ ⵙⴰ ⴷ ⵎⵔⴰⵡⵜ.
English: His immediate successor built the towers of the mosque while the following Sultan built the surrounding wall.
Tamazight: ⵉⵙⴽⴰ ⵓⵎⴽⴽⵓⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⵉⵖⵔⵎⴰⵜⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵣⴳⵉⴷⴰ ⵉⵙⴽⵓ ⵓⵙⵓⵍⵟⴰⵏ ⵜ ⵉⴹⴼⴰⵕⵏ ⴰⴼⵔⴰⴳ ⴰⵙ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵏ.
English: This would have been the building that Caillié saw.
Tamazight: ⵉⵖⵢ ⵉⵙ ⴷ ⴷⵔⵓⵖ ⴷ ⴰⵥⴽⴽⴰ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵢ ⴷ ⵉⵔⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵥⵕ ⴽⴰⵢⵍⵉ.
English: The new mosque was a large, low building lacking any towers or ornamentation.
Tamazight: ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⵎⵣⴳⵉⴷⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓⵜ ⴰⵥⴽⴽⴰ ⴰⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔ ⵉⴳⴳⵯⵣⵏ ⴳ ⵡⴰⴽⴰⵍ ⵎⴰⴽⴰ ⵓⵔ ⴷⵉⴳⵙ ⵜⵉⵖⵔⵎⴰⵜⵉⵏ ⵓⵍⴰ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴷⵉⴽⵓⵕ.
English: The rebuilding was completed in 1907 using forced labour under the direction of Ismaila Traoré, head of Djenné's guild of masons.
Tamazight: ⵉⴼⵓⴽⴽⴰ ⵡⴰⵍⵍⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵙⴽⵉ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1907 ⵙ ⵓⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵏ ⵓⵥⵕⵓ ⴷⴷⴰⵡ ⵉⴱⴷⴷⵉ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵎⴰⵄⵉⵍ ⵜⵕⴰⵡⵕⵉ, ⴰⵏⵙⵙⵉⵅⴼ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵎⴰⵍⵓ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵙⴽⵓⵜⵏ ⴳ ⴷⵊⵉⵏⵉ.
English: There has been debate as to what extent the design of the rebuilt mosque was subject to French influence.
Tamazight: ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵎⵔⴰⵔⴰ ⵡⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⵅⴼ ⵓⴳⵔⴰⴷ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵖⵉⵡⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵣⴳⵉⴷⴰ ⵎⵉ ⵜⵜⵢⴰⵍⵙ ⵜⵉⵙⴽⵉ ⵉ ⵡⵓⴹⵓⵙ ⴰⴼⵕⴰⵏⵙⵉⵙ.
English: He thought that the cones made the building resemble a baroque temple dedicated to the god of suppositories.
Tamazight: ⴳⴰⵏ ⴷⵉⴳⵙ ⵉⵇⵔⴰⵡⵏ ⴰⵎ ⵉⵙ ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵙⵓⵎⵖ ⴰⴱⴰⵕⵓⴽⵉ ⵏ ⵡⴰⴽⵓⵛ ⵏ ⵉⴽⵕⴽⵓⵕⵏ.
English: He also says that local people were so unhappy with the new building that they refused to clean it, only doing so when threatened with prison.
Tamazight: ⵉⵎⴽⵉⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵏⵏⴰ ⵏⵡⵉⵙ ⵕⵎⵉⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ ⵉⴷⵖⵔⴰⵏⵏ ⵓⵔ ⵃⵎⵉⵍⵏ ⴰⵥⴽⴽⴰ ⴰⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓ ⴰⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵓⵔ ⵓⴳⵉⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵙⵉⵣⴷⵉⴳⵏ, ⵓⵔ ⵜ ⵙⴰⵣⴷⴳⵏ ⴰⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵜⵏ ⵜⵜⵓⵙⴷⵉⴷⴷⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵓⴽⵓⵔⵎⵓ.
English: The larger tomb to the south contains the remains of Almany Ismaïla, an important imam of the 18th century.
Tamazight: ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵎⴹⵍ ⴰⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ ⵓⴷⵔⵉⵣ ⵏ ⴰⵍⵎⴰⵏⵉ ⵉⵙⵎⴰⵄⵉⵍ, ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵢⵉⵎⴰⵎ ⴰⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔ ⴳ ⵜⵙⵓⵜⴰ ⵜⵉⵙ 18.
English: In some cases, the original surfaces of a mosque have even been tiled over, destroying its historical appearance and in some cases compromising the building's structural integrity.
Tamazight: ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵉⴽⴽⴰⵍ, ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵢⴰⴱⴱⵉ ⵜⴷⵓⵍⵉ ⵜⴰⵇⴱⵓⵕⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵣⴳⵉⴷⴰ ⵙ ⵉⴼⵍⵉⵍⴰ, ⴰⵢⵏⵏⴰ ⴰⵙ ⵉⴽⴽⵙⵏ ⵓⴷⵎ ⴰⵇⴱⵓⵔ ⵏ ⵓⵥⴽⴽⴰ, ⴰⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵉⴽⴽⴰ ⴰⵜⵜⴰⵢⵏ ⵉ ⵜⴹⵓⵕⵉ.
English: In 1996, Vogue magazine held a fashion shoot inside the mosque.
Tamazight: ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1996, ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⵙⵖⵓⵏⵜ ⴼⵓⴳ ⴰⵙⵇⵇⵉⵎ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵡⵍⴼ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵕⵕⵓⴹⵏ ⴰⴳⵏⵙⵓ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵣⴳⵉⴷⴰ.
English: It is accessed by six sets of stairs, each decorated with pinnacles.
Tamazight: ⴷⴰ ⵏⵏ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵍⴽⴰⵎ ⵙ ⵓⴱⵔⵉⴷ ⵏ ⵚⴹⵉⵚⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵔⵓⴱⴱⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵙⴰⵍⵢⵉⵡⵉⵏ, ⴽⵓ ⵢⴰⵏ ⴷⵉⴳⵙⵏⵜ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵣⵢⵢⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵇⵔⵔⴰⵢ.
English: The prayer wall or qibla of the Great Mosque faces east towards Mecca and overlooks the city marketplace.
Tamazight: ⵉⵍⴰ ⵓⴳⴰⴷⵉⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵥⴰⵍⵍⵉⵜ ⵏⵖ ⵍⴱⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵣⴳⵉⴷⴰ ⵜⴰⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔⵜ ⴰⵙⴽⵙⵡ ⵖⵔ ⴰⵏⵇⵇⵔ ⵙ ⵜⵏⵉⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵎⴰⴽⴽⴰ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⵉⴳⴳⵉ ⵙ ⴰⴳⴰⴷⴰⵣ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ.
English: The cone shaped spires or pinnacles at the top of each minaret are topped with ostrich eggs.
Tamazight: ⵅⴼ ⵜⵖⵔⵎⴰⵜⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵡⵍⴻⵍⵍⵓⵜⵉⵏ ⵏⵖ ⵜⴰⵙⴽⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴰⴼⵍⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵖⵔⵉⵜ ⵜⵉⴳⵍⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵜⵏⵀⴰⵍⵜ.
English: The small, irregularly-positioned windows on the north and south walls allow little natural light to reach the interior of the hall.
Tamazight: ⴷⴰ ⵣⵣⵔⵓⵏ ⵉⵙⵕⵥⴰⵎ ⵉⵎⵥⵥⵢⴰⵏⵏ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⴷⵓⵙⵏ ⴳ ⵉⴳⵓⴷⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵉⵥⵥⵍⵎⴹ ⴷ ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ ⵉⵎⵉⴽ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵉⴷⴷ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴼⵓⵢⵜ ⵙ ⴰⴳⵏⵙⵓ ⵏ ⵜⴷⴰⵍⴰ.
English: The imam conducts the prayers from the mihrab in the larger central tower.
Tamazight: ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵥⴰⵍⵍⴰ ⵟⵟⴰⵍⴱ ⵙ ⵎⵉⴷⴷⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵎⵉⵃⵕⴰⴱ ⵏ ⵜⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙⵜ ⵜⴰⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔⵜ.
English: To the right of the mihrab in the central tower is a second niche, the pulpit or minbar, from which the imam preaches his Friday sermon.
Tamazight: ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⵅⴼ ⵓⵢⴼⴼⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵉⵃⵕⴰⴱ ⴳ ⵜⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙⵜ ⵡⴰⵢⴹ ⵓⵎⵉⵃⵕⴰⴱ, ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵎⵉⵏⴱⴰⵕ, ⴳ ⵢⴰⴽⴽⴰ ⵢⵉⵎⴰⵎ ⵜⴰⴱⵔⴰⵜ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵉⵎⵡⴰⵙ.
English: The walls of the galleries facing the courtyard are punctuated by arched openings.
Tamazight: ⵅⴼ ⵜⴰⵖⵣⵉ ⵏ ⵉⵙⴰⴽⴰⵜⵏ ⵉⵙⴼⵙ ⵍⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⴽⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵢⵓⵏⴼⵏ.
English: Rather than a single central niche, the mihrab tower originally had a pair of large recesses echoing the form of the entrance arches in the north wall.
Tamazight: ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⵉⵃⵕⴰⴱ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ, ⵎⴰⴽⴰ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵎⵎ ⵙⵉⵏ ⵡⴰⵏⵙⵉⵡⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵡⵓⵏⴼⵓ ⵉⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔⵏ ⵉⵍⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵍⵖⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵙⴽⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴽⵛⵛⵓⵎ ⵏ ⵓⴳⴰⴷⵉⵔ ⵏ ⵉⵥⵥⵍⵎⴹ.
English: It requires several days to cure but needs to be periodically stirred, a task usually falling to young boys who play in the mixture, thus stirring up the contents.
Tamazight: ⵜⵙⵙⴰⵜⵔ ⵜⵓⵊⵉⵜ ⵢⵉⴷⵙ ⵏ ⵡⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⵡⴰⵅⵅⴰ ⵜ ⵉⵅⵙⵙⴰ ⵓⵇⵍⵍⴱ ⴽⵓ ⵜⵉⴽⴽⵍⵜ, ⵜⴰⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵜⵜⴳⴳⴰⵏ ⵉⵔⴱⴰⵏ ⵉⵎⵥⵥⵢⴰⵏⵏ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵔⴰⵔⵏ ⴳ ⵡⵓⵙⵓⵔ, ⴳ ⵜⴳⵉⵔⴰ ⴰⵔ ⵙⵎⵓⵙⵙⵓⵏ ⵜⵓⵎⴰⵢⵉⵏ.
English: A race is held at the beginning of the festival to see who will be the first to deliver the plaster to the mosque.
Tamazight: ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⴳⴰ ⵓⵎⵃⵉⵣⵡⴰⵔ ⴳ ⵜⵉⵣⵡⵉⵔⵉ ⴳ ⵓⵏⵎⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵅⴼ ⵎⴰⵢⴷ ⵏⵏ ⵉⵙⵙⵉⵡⵉⴹⵏ ⴰⵏⵎⵉⵔⵙ ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ ⵖⵔ ⵜⵎⵣⴳⵉⴷⴰ.
English: In 1930, an inexact replica of the Djenné Mosque was built in the town of Fréjus in southern France.
Tamazight: ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ ⵏ 1930, ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵓⵙⴽⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵓⵏⵖⵉⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵣⴳⵉⴷⴰ ⵏ ⴷⵊⵉⵏⵉ ⴳ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ ⴼⵔⵉⵊⵓⵙ ⴳ ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ ⵏ ⴼⵕⴰⵏⵙⴰ.
English: The original mosque presided over one of the most important Islamic learning centers in Africa during the Middle Ages, with thousands of students coming to study the Quran in Djenné's madrassas.
Tamazight: ⵉⵏⵏⴱⴹ ⴳ ⵜⵎⵣⴳⵉⴷⴰ ⵜⴰⵥⵖⵔⴰⵏⵜ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵡⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵉⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵙⵙⵍⵎⴷ ⴰⵏⵙⵍⵎ ⴳ ⵉⴼⵔⵉⵇⵢⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ, ⵖⵔⵉⵏ ⴷⵉⴳⵙ ⵉⴼⴹⴰⵡⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⵔⴰⵡⵏ ⵜⵉⵣⵔⴰⵡⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵇⵓⵔⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵉⵏⵎⴰⵍ ⵏ ⴷⵊⵉⵏⵉ.
English: On 20 January 2006 the sight of a team of men hacking at the roof of the mosque sparked a riot in the town.
Tamazight: ⴳ 20 ⵢⴰⵏⴰⵢⵔ 2006, ⵜⵓⵔⵡ ⴷ ⵜⴷⵡⵡⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵔⴰⴱⴱⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵔⴳⴰⵣⵏ ⵉⴽⵛⵎⵏ ⵙ ⵜⴽⵕⵉⴹⵜ ⵖⵔ ⵜⴷⵓⵍⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵣⴳⵉⴷⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ.
English: In the mosque the mob ripped out the ventilation fans that had been presented by the US Embassy at the time of the Iraq War and then went on a rampage through the town.
Tamazight: ⴳ ⵜⵎⵣⴳⵉⴷⴰ, ⵜⵜⵢⴰⴽⴽⵙⵏⵜ ⵜⴼⵔⴼⴰⵔⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴽⵛⵛⵓⵎ ⵏ ⵡⴰⴹⵓ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵜⴼⴽⴰ ⵜⵎⵙⵇⴰⴷⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵉⵔⵉⴽⴰⵏⵉⵜ ⴳ ⵡⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵏⵖⵉ ⵏ ⵄⵉⵕⴰⵇ, ⴷⴰⵢ ⴳⵔⵏ ⵉⵙⵙⵏⵜ ⴳ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ.
English: The Great Sphinx of Giza, commonly referred to as the Sphinx of Giza or just the Sphinx, is a limestone statue of a reclining sphinx, a mythical creature.
Tamazight: ⴰⵙⴼⵔⵉⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴼⵉⵏⴽⵙ ⵏ ⵊⵉⵣⴰ, ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⵙ ⴰⵙⴼⵉⵏⴽⵙ ⵏ ⵊⵉⵣⴰ ⵏⵖ ⵖⴰⵙ ⴰⵙⴼⵉⵏⴽⵙ, ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵙⴼⵔⵉⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵥⵕⵓ ⵏ ⵓⵏⴳⵎⵉⵔⵙ ⵉⴳ ⴰⵎⵓⴷⴷⵔ ⵓⵎⵉⵢ.
English: Furthermore, the angle and location of the south wall of the enclosure suggests the causeway connecting Khafre's Pyramid and Valley Temple already existed before the Sphinx was planned.
Tamazight: ⴰⵔ ⵜⵙⵙⴽⴰⵏ ⵜⵖⵎⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴳⴰⴷⵉⵔ ⵏ ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵓⴼⵔⴰⴳ ⵏⵡⵉⵙ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⴽⴰ ⵓⵣⴰⵎⵓⴳ ⵅⴰⴼⵕⴰⵄ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵓⵎⵖ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵙⵉⴼ ⵓⵔ ⵜⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⴳⵉ ⵓⵙⵖⵉⵡⵙ ⵉ ⵓⵙⴼⵉⵏⴽⵙ.
English: When the Stele was re-excavated in 1925, the lines of text referring to Khaf flaked off and were destroyed.
Tamazight: ⴰⵢⵏⵏⴰ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵢⴰⵍⵙ ⵜⵖⵓⵣⵉ ⵉ ⵜⵏⵉⴳⵉⵜ (Stele) ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1925, ⴱⴱⵉⵏⵜ ⵜⵣⵔⵉⵔⵉⴳⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴹⵕⵉⵚ ⵉⵙⵙⴽⴰⵏⵏ ⵅⴰⴼ ⴳⵉⴼⵏ.
English: The cult of the Sphinx continued into medieval times.
Tamazight: ⵜⵣⴷⵉ ⵜⵉⵙⵙⵓⵎⴳⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴼⵉⵏⴽⵙ ⴳ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ.
English: Alexandria, Rosetta, Damietta, Cairo and the Giza Pyramids are described repeatedly, but not necessarily comprehensively.
Tamazight: ⵉⵜⵜⵓⴳⴰ ⵓⵙⵏⵎⵍ ⵏ ⴰⵍⵉⵙⴽⴰⵏⴷⵉⵔⵢⴰ ⴷ ⵔⵓⵙⵉⵟⴰ ⴷ ⴷⴰⵎⵢⴰⵟ ⴷ ⵇⴰⵀⵉⵕⴰ ⴷ ⵉⵣⴰⵎⵓⴳⵏ ⵏ ⵊⵉⵣⴰ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ, ⵎⴰⴽⴰ ⵓⵔ ⴷ ⵙ ⵜⴰⵍⵖⴰ ⵜⴰⵙⵎⵎⴰⴷⵜ.
English: Seven years after visiting Giza, André Thévet (Cosmographie de Levant, 1556) described the Sphinx as "the head of a colossus, caused to be made by Isis, daughter of Inachus, then so beloved of Jupiter".
Tamazight: “ ⴼⴼⵉⵔ ⵙⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵔⵣⴰⴼ ⵏ ⵊⵉⵣⴰ, ⵉⴼⴽⴰ ⴰⵏⴷⵔⵉ ⵜⵉⴼⵜ (ⵜⴰⴽⵓⵙⵎⵓⵖⵔⴰⴼⵜ ⵏ ⵛⵛⴰⵎ, 1556) ⴰⵙⵏⵓⵎⵍ ⵉ ⵓⵙⴼⵉⵏⴽⵙ ⵏⵡⵉⵙ ⴷ ““ⵉⵅⴼ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴼⵔⵉⵙ ⴰⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔ, ⵜⵙⵙⴽⵔ ⵉⵣⵉⵙ, ⵉⵍⵍⵉⵙ ⵏ ⵉⵏⴰⴽⵓⵙ, ⵉⵃⵍⴰⵏ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵖⵓⵔ ⵢⵓⴱⵉⵜⵉⵔ””.”
English: Johannes Helferich's (1579) Sphinx is a pinched-face, round-breasted woman with a straight haired wig; the only edge over Thévet is that the hair suggests the flaring lappets of the headdress.
Tamazight: ⴰⵙⴼⵉⵏⴽⵙ ⵏ ⵢⵓⵀⴰⵏⵙ ⵀⵉⵍⴼⵉⵔⵉⵛ (1579) ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵟⵟⵓⵜ ⵎⵎ ⵡⵓⴷⵎ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵙⵎⵉⴷⵏ, ⵎⵉ ⵡⵔⴻⵔⵔⴰⵢⵏ ⵉⴷⵎⴰⵔⵏ ⴷ ⵡⴰⵣⵣⴰⴼ ⵉⵏⵏⵓⵕⵥⵎⵏ; ⴰⵙⴽⴽⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵉⵙⵜⵉ ⵅⴼ ⵜⵉⴼⵉ (Thévet) ⵍⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⵅⴼ ⵡⴰⵣⵣⴰⵔ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⵖⵎⵔⵉⵏ ⵉⵙⴼⵉⴽⴽⵉⵜⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵏⵙⵉ.
English: Although certain tracts on the Stela are likely accurate, this passage is contradicted by archaeological evidence, thus considered to be Late Period historical revisionism, a purposeful fake, created by the local priests as an attempt to imbue the contemporary Isis temple with an ancient history it never had.
Tamazight: ⵡⴰⵅⵅⴰ ⵖⵉⵏⵜ ⴰⴷ ⴳⵉⵏⵜ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵊⵓⵎⵎⴰ ⴳ ⵜⴼⵍⵡⵉⵜ ⵜⵉⵎⴷⴷⴰⴷⵉⵏ, ⵎⴰⴽⴰ ⵓⵙⵙⵉⴼ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵎⵣⴰⵔⴰⵢ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵏⵥⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵉⴷⵔⵉⵣⵏ, ⴰⵢⵏⵏⴰⵖ ⴰⵙ ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵙⵙⴼⵔⵖ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⴷ ⵉⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰⵏ, ⴰⵙⴼⵔⵖ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵡⵜⵜⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵉⴽⴰⵀⵓⵏⵏ ⵉⴷⵖⵔⴰⵏⵏ ⵜⴰⴼ ⴰⴷ ⴼⴽⵉⵏ ⴰⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⵊⵊⵉⵏ ⵓⵔ ⵉⴽⴽⵉⵏ ⵉ ⵓⵙⵓⵏⵖ ⵏ ⵉⵣⵉⵙ ⴰⵜⵔⴰⵔ.
English: Recent discoveries, however, strongly show that it was really not built before the reign of Khafre, in the fourth dynasty."
Tamazight: “ⵜⵉⴼⵉⵜⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⴳⴳⵓⵔⴰ, ⵡⴰⵅⵅⴰ, ⴷⴰ ⵙⵙⴽⴰⵏⴻⵏⵜ ⵙ ⵜⴷⵓⵙⵉ ⵏⵡⵉⵙ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⴽⵉ ⴷⴰⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⵏ ⵅⴰⴼⵕⴰⵄ, ⴳ ⵜⵡⴰⵛⵓⵏⵜ ⵜⵉⵙ ⴽⴽⵓⵥⵜ.”””
English: Maspero believed the Sphinx to be "the most ancient monument in Egypt".
Tamazight: “ⵉⵖⴰⵍ ⵎⴰⵙⴱⵉⵔⵉ ⵉⵙ ⵉⴳ ⵓⵙⴼⵉⵏⴽⵙ ““ⴰⵙⴱⴷⴰⴷ ⴰⵇⴱⵓⵔ ⴳ ⵉⵇⴱⵓⵔⵏ ⵏ ⵎⵉⵥⵕ””.”
English: Part of its headdress had fallen off in 1926 due to erosion, which had also cut deeply into its neck.
Tamazight: ⵉⴹⵕⴰ ⵓⴳⵣⵣⵓⵎ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵏⵙⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1926 ⵙ ⵓⵙⵓⵔⵔⵙ, ⵉⴼⴽⴰⵏ ⴰⵍⵜⵓ ⵉⴼⵅⵙⵉ ⴳ ⵓⴳⵔⴹ ⵏⵏⵙ.
English: The layer in which the head was sculpted is much harder.
Tamazight: ⵜⵉⴼⵔⴽⵉⵜ ⴳ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⴽⵍⴰ ⵉⵅⴼ ⵜⵎⵔⴰⵔ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ.
English: Other tales ascribe it to being the work of Mamluks.
Tamazight: ⵜⵉⵏⴼⵓⵙⵉⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ ⴷⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵜⵜⵔⴰⵔⴰⵏⵜ ⵏⵡⵉⵙ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵏ ⵎⴰⵎⴰⵍⵉⴽ.
English: According to al-Maqrīzī, many people living in the area believed that the increased sand covering the Giza Plateau was retribution for al-Dahr's act of defacement.
Tamazight: ⵙ ⵡⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⵏ ⴰⵍⵎⴰⵇⵔⵉⵣⵉ, ⵖⴰⵍⵏ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵏⵙⴰ ⵏⵡⵉⵙ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⵉⵖⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵙⴼⵔⵖ ⵏ ⴰⴹⴹⴰⵀⵕ ⴰⵎⵏⵜⵉⵍ ⵏ ⵜⵉⴳⴳⵉⴷⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵍⵅⵉⵅ ⵉⵙⵙⵏⵜⵍⵏ ⴰⵎⵔⴷⵓⵍ ⵏ ⵊⵉⵣⴰ.
English: Al-Minufi stated that the Alexandrian Crusade in 1365 was divine punishment for a Sufi sheikh of the khanqah of Sa'id breaking off the nose.
Tamazight: ⵉⵏⵏⴰ ⴰⵡⴷ ⴰⵍⵎⵉⵏⵓⴼⵉ ⵏⵡⵉⵙ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵡⵓⴳⵓⵣ ⴰⵏⵛⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵙⴽⴰⵏⴷⵉⵔⵉⵢⴰ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ ⵏ 1365 ⴰⵎⵓⵜⵍ ⵜⴰⴼ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵕⵕⵥ ⵛⵛⵉⵅ ⴰⵚⵓⴼⵉ ⵏ ⵅⴰⵏⵇⴰⵀ ⵏ ⵚⵚⴰⵄⵉⴷ.
English: The idea is considered pseudoarchaeology by academia, because no textual or archaeological evidence supports this to be the reason for the orientation of the Sphinx.
Tamazight: ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⵉⴽⵜⵉ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴰⵣⴳⴳⵍⵜ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙⵏ ⵉⴽⴰⴷⵉⵎⵉⵜⵏ, ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵍⵍⵉ ⴰⵡⴷ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴹⵕⵉⵚ ⵏ ⵜⵏⵜⴰⵎⵜ ⵓⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴷⵔⵉⵣ ⵉⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍⵏ ⵅⴼ ⵓⵎⵏⵜⵉⵍ ⵏ ⵜⵏⵉⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴼⵉⵏⴽⵙ.
English: There is a long history of speculation about hidden chambers beneath the Sphinx, by esoteric figures such as H. Spencer Lewis.
Tamazight: ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⴰⵖⵣⵣⴰⴼ ⵏ ⵉⴽⴰⵀⵓⵏⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵚⵕⴰⵢ ⵏ ⴷⴷⴰⵡ ⵓⵙⴼⵔⵉⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴼⵉⵏⴽⵙ, ⵙ ⵉⵡⵔⵉⴽⵏ ⵉⵎⴳⵣⴰⵢⵏ ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ ⵀ. ⵙⴱⵉⵏⵙⵔ ⵍⵓⵡⵉⵙ.
English: It is believed to be the second most visited historical site in Egypt; only the Giza pyramid complex near Cairo receives more visits.
Tamazight: ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵏⵙⴰ ⴰⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔ ⵢⵓⴳⵔⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⴰⵏⵙⵉⵡⵏ ⵏ ⵎⵉⵥⵕ ⴳ ⵜⵔⵣⴼⵜ; ⵖⴰⵙ ⵓⴷⴷⵉⵙ ⵏ ⵉⵣⴰⵎⵓⴳⵏ ⵏ ⵊⵉⵣⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵇⴰⵀⵉⵕⴰ ⴰⵢⴷ ⵉⵙⵏⵓⴱⵓⴳⵏ ⴽⵓ ⵜⵉⴽⴽⵍⵜ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵜⵔⵏⵓⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵔⵣⴰⴼ.
English: The three other parts, the Precinct of Mut, the Precinct of Montu, and the dismantled Temple of Amenhotep IV, are closed to the public.
Tamazight: ⵓⵙⵙⵉⴼⵏ ⵙ ⴽⵕⴰⴹ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ, ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⵏⵙⴰ ⵏ ⵎⵓⵜ, ⴷ ⵡⴰⵏⵙⴰ ⵏ ⵎⵓⵏⵜⵓ, ⴷ ⵓⵙⵓⵏⵖ ⴰⵎⵉⵏⵃⵓⵜⵉⴱ ⵡⵉⵙ ⴽⴽⵓⵥ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵔⵉⵏ, ⵇⵇⵏⵏ ⴷⴰⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵔⵣⴰⴼ.
English: The original temple was destroyed and partially restored by Hatshepsut, although another pharaoh built around it in order to change the focus or orientation of the sacred area.
Tamazight: ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵔⴷⵍ ⵓⵙⵓⵏⵖ ⴰⵏⵥⵖⵕ ⵉⵙⵖⵓⴷⵓ ⴷⵉⴳⵙ ⵃⴰⵜⵛⴱⵙⵓⵜ ⵉⵎⵉⴽ, ⵉⵙⴽⵓ ⴳ ⵜⵙⴳⴳⵯⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴼⵉⵔⵄⴰⵡⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ ⵜⴰⴼ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⵜⴰⵡⵏⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵏⵉⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵏⵙⴰ ⴰⴼⵓⵥⴰⵕ.
English: Construction of temples started in the Middle Kingdom and continued into Ptolemaic times.
Tamazight: ⵉⵏⵜⴰ ⵓⵙⴽⵓ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵓⵏⵖⵏ ⴳ ⵜⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙⵜ ⵉⵣⴷⵉ ⴰⵔ ⴰⵣⵎⵣ ⴰⴱⵓⵟⵍⵓⵎⵉ.
English: The deities represented range from some of the earliest worshiped to those worshiped much later in the history of the Ancient Egyptian culture.
Tamazight: ⵉⵢⵓⵛⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⴽⴰⵏ, ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⵢⴷ ⵜⵏ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵓⵏⵖⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⴰⴷⵙⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵎⵉⵥⵕ ⵜⴰⵇⴱⵓⵔⵜ.
English: These architraves may have been lifted to these heights using levers.
Tamazight: ⵉⵖⵢ ⵉⵙ ⵜⵜⵓⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉⵏⵜ ⵜⵙⴷⴽⴰⵍⵉⵏ ⵉ ⵢⵉⵙⵢ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵏⴰⵔⵏ ⵖⵔ ⵜⴰⵜⵜⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⴰⴷ.
English: If stone had been used for the ramps, they would have been able to use much less material.
Tamazight: ⵎⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵓⵥⵕⵓ ⴳ ⵜⵙⵓⵔⵔⵃⵉⵏ, ⴰⴷ ⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⵜⵜⴰ ⴷⵔⵓⵙⵏⵉⵏ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ.
English: Final carving was executed after the drums were put in place so that it was not damaged while being placed.
Tamazight: ⵉⵜⵜⵓⴳⴰ ⵓⴽⵍⵓ ⴰⵎⴳⴳⴰⵔⵓ ⴼⴼⵉⵔ ⵜⴰⴳⵓⵔⵉ ⵏ ⵉⵣⴰⵜⵜⵉⵏⵏ ⴳ ⵉⴷⵖⴰⵔⵏ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ ⵓⵍⴰ ⴼⵔⵔⵖⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵔⵔⵓⵙ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ.
English: The city of Thebes does not appear to have been of great significance before the Eleventh Dynasty and previous temple building there would have been relatively small, with shrines being dedicated to the early deities of Thebes, the Earth goddess Mut and Montu.
Tamazight: ⵓⵔ ⴰⵙ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⴽⵣ ⵉ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵟⵉⴱⴰ ⵏⵡⵉⵙ ⵜⵍⴰ ⴰⵜⵉⴳ ⵜⴰⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔ ⴷⴰⵜ ⵜⵡⴰⵛⵓⵏⵜ ⵜⵉⵙ ⵜⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵎⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⴳ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⴽⴰ ⵓⵙⵓⵏⵖ ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ ⵉⵎⵥⵥⵉⵢⵏ, ⵜⵉⵍⵉ ⴰⵍⵜⵓ ⴰⵏⵙⵉⵡⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵢⵉⵛⵏ ⵏ ⵣⵉⴽ ⴳ ⵟⵉⴱⴰ, ⵜⵜⵓⵙⵎⵖⵔ ⴷⵉⴳⵙ ⵉⵢⵓⵛⵏ ⵏ ⵡⴰⴽⴰⵍ ⵎⵓⵜ ⴷ ⵎⵓⵏⵜⵓ.
English: Amun (sometimes called Amen) was long the local tutelary deity of Thebes.
Tamazight: ⵉⴽⴽⴰ ⴰⵎⵓⵏ (ⵎⵉ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵖⵔⴰ ⵙ ⴰⵎⵉⵏ ⴽⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵉⴽⴽⴰⵍ) ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵢⵓⵛ ⵏ ⵓⵔⴱⵉ ⴰⴷⵖⵔⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵟⵉⴱⴰ.
English: Major construction work in the Precinct of Amun-Re took place during the Eighteenth Dynasty, when Thebes became the capital of the unified Ancient Egypt.
Tamazight: ⵜⵜⵓⴳⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⴷⵙⵍⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵏⵙⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵏ ⵔⴰⵄ ⴳ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⵏ ⵜⵡⴰⵛⵓⵏⵜ ⵜⵉⵙ ⵜⴰⵎ ⴷ ⵎⵔⴰⵡⵜ, ⴰⵢⵏⵏⴰ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵟⵉⴱⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵏⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵇⴱⵓⵔⵜ ⵉⵎⵓⵏⵏ ⵏ ⵎⵉⵥⵕ.
English: Another of her projects at the site, Karnak's Red Chapel or Chapelle Rouge, was intended as a barque shrine and originally may have stood between her two obelisks.
Tamazight: ⵙⴳ ⵉⵙⵖⵏⵓⵜⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵏⵙⴰ, ⵜⴰⴽⴰⵏⵉⵙⴰⵜ ⵏ ⴽⴰⵕⵏⴰⴽ ⵜⴰⵣⴳⴳⵯⴰⵖⵜ ⵏⵖ ⵛⴰⴱⵉⵍ ⵔⵓⵊ, ⵉⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵏⵏ ⵓⵡⵜⵜⴰⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴳ ⴰⵏⵙⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵔⵣⴼ ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ ⵜⴰⴱⴰⵔⴽⵉⵜ ⵉⵖⵢ ⵉⵙ ⵜⴽⴽⴰ ⴳⵔ ⵙⵉⵏ ⵉⵙⴱⴷⴰⴷⵏ (obelisks).
English: Known as the unfinished obelisk, it provides evidence of how obelisks were quarried.
Tamazight: ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵡⴰⵙⵙⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵙⴱⴷⴰⴷ ⴰⵔⵓⵙⵎⵉⴷ, ⴰⵔ ⵜⵙⵙⴽⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⴽⴼ ⵏ ⵉⵙⴱⴷⴰⴷⵏ.
English: The last major change to the Precinct of Amun-Re's layout was the addition of the First Pylon and the massive enclosure walls that surround the whole precinct, both constructed by Nectanebo I of the Thirtieth Dynasty.
Tamazight: ⵉⴳⴰ ⵓⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⴷⵙⵍⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⴳⴳⴰⵔⵓ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵖⵉⵡⵙ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵏⵙⴰ ⵏ ⴰⵎⵓⵏ ⵔⴰⵄ ⵜⴰⵔⵏⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴷⵢⴷⵢ ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ ⴷ ⵉⵖⵔⴰⴱⵏ ⵉⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔⵏ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵏ ⵉ ⵡⴰⵏⵙⴰ ⴽⵓⵍⵍⵓⵜ, ⵙ ⵙⵉⵏ ⵉⴷⵙⵏ ⵉⵙⴽⴰ ⵜⵏ ⵏⴰⵅⵜ ⴰⵏⴱⵓ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ ⵏ ⵜⵡⴰⵛⵓⵏⵜ ⵜⵉⵙ ⴽⵕⴰⵎⵔⴰⵡⵜ.
English: The Karnak temple complex is first described by an unknown Venetian in 1589, although his account gives no name for the complex.
Tamazight: ⵉⵙⵏⵓⵎⵍ ⵓⴷⴷⵉⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⵏⵖ ⵏ ⴽⵕⴰⵏⴽ ⵜⵉⴽⴽⵍⵜ ⵜⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴼⴳⴰⵏ ⵉⵜⵜⵡⴰⵙⵙⵏ ⴳ ⵜⴱⵓⵏⴷⵓⵇⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1589, ⵡⴰⵅⵅⴰ ⵓⵔ ⵜⴼⴽⵉ ⵜⴰⵍⵍⴰⵙⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵙⵙⴰⵖ ⵏ ⵡⵓⴷⴷⵉⵙ.
English: Protais' writing about their travel was published by Melchisédech Thévenot (Relations de divers voyages curieux, 1670s–1696 editions) and Johann Michael Vansleb (The Present State of Egypt, 1678).
Tamazight: ⵉⴼⵙⵔ ⵎⵉⵍⵛⵉⵣⵉⴷⵉⵛ ⵜⵉⵖⵉⵏⵓ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵏ ⴱⵔⵓⵜⴰⵢⵙ ⵅⴼ ⵓⵎⵓⴷⴷⵓ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ (ⵉⵣⴷⴰⵢⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵓⴷⴷⵓ ⴱⵓ ⵜⴷⵡⵡⴰⵢⵜ, 1670s–1696 ⵜⵉⵥⵕⵉⴳⵉⵏ) ⴷ ⵢⵓⵀⴰⵏ ⵎⴰⵢⴽ ⴼⴰⵏⵙⵍⴱ (ⴰⴷⴷⴰⴷ ⵏ ⵎⵉⵥⵕ ⵏ ⴷⵖⵉ, 1678).
English: Following excavation and restoration works by the Johns Hopkins University team, led by Betsy Bryan (see below) the Precinct of Mut has been opened to the public.
Tamazight: ⴼⴼⵉⵔ ⵜⵉⵡⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵏⴰⴷⴰ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵖⵓⴷⵓ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⵔⴰⴱⴱⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵊⵓⵏⵣ ⵀⵓⴱⴽⵉⵏⵣ ⵙ ⵓⵃⵔⴰⵢ ⵏ ⴱⵉⵜⵙⵉ ⴱⵔⵢⴰⵏ (ⵥⵕ ⴷⴷⴰⵡⴰⵙ) ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵏⴼ ⵡⴰⵏⵙⴰ ⵏ ⵎⵓⵜ ⵉ ⵓⴳⴷⵓⴷ.
English: In 2006, Betsy Bryan presented her findings of one festival that included apparent intentional overindulgence in alcohol.
Tamazight: ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 2006, ⵜⴼⴽⴰ ⴱⵉⵜⵙⵉ ⴱⵔⵢⴰⵏ ⵜⵉⵢⴰⴼⵓⵜⵉⵏ ⵏⵏ ⵜⵍⴽⵎ ⴳ ⵢⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵉⴳⵔⴰⵡⵏ ⵅⴼ ⵓⵛⵛⵉⵢⴹ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵙⵙⵉ ⵏ ⵓⴽⵓⵃⵓⵍ.
English: These findings were made in the temple of Mut because when Thebes rose to greater prominence, Mut absorbed the warrior goddesses, Sekhmet and Bast, as some of her aspects.
Tamazight: ⵜⵜⵓⴼⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⵉⴼⵉⵜⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵓⵏⵖ ⵏ ⵎⵓⵜ ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⴳ ⵢⵓⵍⵢ ⵓⵜⵜⵢⵉⵙⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵟⵉⴱⴰ ⵓⴽⵣⵏ ⵡⴰⵢⵓⵛⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵏⵎⵏⵖⵉⵜⵏ ⵙⵅⵎⵜ ⴷ ⴱⴰⵙⵜ, ⵏⵡⵉⵙ ⴳⴰⵏⵜ ⵙⴳ ⴷⵉⴳⵙ.
English: In a later myth developed around the annual drunken Sekhmet festival, Ra, by then the sun god of Upper Egypt, created her from a fiery eye gained from his mother, to destroy mortals who conspired against him (Lower Egypt).
Tamazight: ⴳ ⵡⵓⵎⵉⵢ ⴰⵏⴹⴼⵓⵕ, ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵏⴼⵍⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴼⵓⴳⵍⵓ ⴰⵙⴳⵯⵙⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵙⵙⵉ ⵙⵅⵎⵜ, ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵕⴰⵄ, ⴰⵢⵓⵛ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴼⵓⵢⵜ ⴳ ⵎⵉⵥⵕ ⴰⵏⴰⴼⵍⵍⴰⵜⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⴰⵏⵏ, ⵙⴳ ⵜⵉⵟⵟ ⵏ ⵡⴰⴼⴰ ⵜⴽⴽⵓⵙⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵖⵓⵔ ⵎⵎⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⵜⴰⴼ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵏⵖ ⵎⵉⴷⴷⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵏ ⵎⴳⴰⵍ ⵏⵏⵙ. (ⵎⵉⵥⵕ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⴷⴰⵔⵜ).
English: The Luxor Temple is a large Ancient Egyptian temple complex located on the east bank of the Nile River in the city today known as Luxor (ancient Thebes) and was constructed approximately 1400 BCE.
Tamazight: ⵉⴳⴰ ⵓⵙⵓⵏⵖ ⵏ ⴰⵍⵓⵇⵚⵓⵕ ⴰⵙⵓⵏⵖ ⵓⴷⴷⵉⵙ ⴰⵎⵉⵥⵕⵉ ⴰⵇⴱⵓⵕ ⴰⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵓⴳⵯⵎⵎⴰⴹ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵇⵇⵔ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵙⵉⴼ ⵏ ⵏⵉⵍ ⴳ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⵉⵜⵜⵡⴰⵙⵙⵏⵏ ⴰⵙⵙ ⴰⴷ ⵙ ⵡⴰⵙⵙⴰⵖ ⵏ ⴰⵍⵓⵇⵚⵓⵕ (ⵟⵉⴱⴰ ⵜⴰⵇⴱⵓⵔⵜ) ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⴽⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵜⵜⴰⵢ ⵏ 1400 ⴷⴰⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ.
English: Four of the major mortuary temples visited by early travelers include the Temple of Seti I at Gurnah, the Temple of Hatshepsut at Deir el Bahri, the Temple of Ramesses II (i.e., Ramesseum), and the Temple of Ramesses III at Medinet Habu.
Tamazight: ⴽⴽⵓⵥ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵓⵏⵖⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵜⴰⵏⵜ ⵉⴷⵙⵍⴰⵏⵏ ⵔⵣⴼⵏ ⵉⵏⵎⵓⴷⴷⴰ ⵉⵎⵣⵡⵓⵔⴰ ⴳ ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⵓⵙⵓⵏⵖ ⵙⵉⵜⵉ ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ ⴳ ⴰⵍⵇⵓⵔⵏⴰ, ⴷ ⵓⵙⵓⵏⵖ ⵏ ⵃⴰⵜⵛⵉⴱⵙⵓⵜ ⴳ ⴷⵉⵔ ⵏⴱⴰⵃⵔⵉ, ⴷ ⵓⵙⵓⵏⵖ ⵏ ⵕⴰⵎⵙⵉⵙ ⵡⵉⵙ ⵙⵉⵏ (ⵉⴳⴰⵏ, ⵕⴰⵎⵙⵢⵓⵎ), ⴷ ⵓⵙⵓⵏⵖ ⵕⴰⵎⵙⵉⵙ ⵡⵉⵙ ⴽⵕⴰⴹ ⴳ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵀⴰⴱⵓ.
English: To the rear of the temple are chapels built by Amenhotep III of the 18th Dynasty, and Alexander.
Tamazight: ⴳ ⵓⴳⵣⵣⵓⵎ ⵏ ⴹⴰⵕⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⵎⵖ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⵜⵎⵥⵥⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⵉⵙⴽⴰ ⴰⵎⵏⵃⵓⵜⴱ ⵡⵉⵙ ⴽⵕⴰⴹ ⵏ ⵜⵡⴰⵛⵓⵏⵜ ⵜⵉⵙ 18, ⴷ ⴰⵍⵉⴽⵙⴰⵏⴷⴰⵔ.
English: This sandstone is referred to as Nubian sandstone.
Tamazight: ⵉⵍⴰ ⵉⵙⵍⵍⵉ ⴰⴷ ⵏ ⵓⵍⵅⵉⵅ ⴰⵙⵙⴰⵖ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵍⵍⵉ ⵏ ⵓⵍⵅⵉⵅ ⴰⵏⵓⴱⵉ.
English: Alexander Badawy, "Illusionism in Egyptian Architecture," Studies in the Ancient Oriental Civilization, 35 (1969): 23.
Tamazight: “ⴰⵍⵉⴽⵙⴰⵏⴷⴰⵔ ⴱⴰⴷⴰⵡⵉ, ““ⴰⵏⵎⴰⵔⵓⵔ ⴳ ⵜⵎⵙⴷⴰⴳⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵉⵥⵕⵉⵜ,”” ⵜⵉⵣⵔⴰⵡⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵖⵔⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵇⵇⵔ ⵜⴰⵇⴱⵓⵕⵜ, 35 (1969): 23.”
English: Along the avenue the stations were set up for ceremonies such as the Feast of Opet which held significance to temple.
Tamazight: ⵅⴼ ⵜⴰⵖⵣⵉ ⵏ ⵓⴱⵔⵉⴷ, ⵜⵜⵓⵙⴽⴰⵏ ⵉⵙⵔⵙⵉⵡ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴼⵓⴳⵍⵓ ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ ⵓⴱⵉⵜ ⴳ ⵖⵓⵔⵙ ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⵡⴰⵜⵉⴳ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⵎⵖ.
English: Lalibela is a town in Lasta district of North Wollo Zone in Amhara Region, Ethiopia.
Tamazight: ⵜⴳⴰ ⵍⴰⵍⵉⴱⵉⵍⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ  ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⴳ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵍⴰⵙⵜⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵏⵓⵜⵔⵜ ⵡⵓⵍⵓ ⴳ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵣⵎⵀⴰⵔⴰ, ⵉⵜⵢⵓⴱⵢⴰ.
English: To Christians, Lalibela is one of Ethiopia's holiest cities, second only to Axum, and a center of pilgrimage.
Tamazight: ⵖⵓⵔ ⵉⵎⴰⵙⵉⵃⵉⵜⵏ, ⵜⴳⴰ ⵍⴰⵍⵉⴱⵉⵍⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⴼⵓⵥⴰⵕⵉⵏ, ⵜⵉⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵜⵡⴰⵍⴰ ⵜⵉⵙ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⴼⴼⵉⵔ ⵏ ⴰⴽⵙⵓⵎ, ⵜⴳ ⴰⵏⵙⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵔⵣⴼⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵖⴰⵏ.
English: The names of several places in the modern town and the general layout of the rock-cut churches themselves are said to mimic names and patterns observed by Lalibela during the time he spent as a youth in Jerusalem and the Holy Land.
Tamazight: ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵡⴰⵏⵏⴰ ⵏⵡⵉⵙ ⴷ ⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵙⵙⴰⵖⵏ ⵏ ⵉⴷⵖⴰⵔⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵜⵔⴰⵔⵜ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵖⵉⵡⵙ ⴰⵎⴰⵜⵓ ⵏ ⵜⴽⴰⵏⵉⵙⴰⵜⵉⵏ ⵉⵙⵏⴰⵖⵙ ⵍⴰⵍⵉⴱⵉⵍⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⵉⴽⴽⴰ ⴳ ⵉⵙⵓⵍ ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵄⵔⵔⵉⵎ ⴳ ⵇⵓⴷⵙ ⴷ ⵉⴽⴰⵍⵏ ⵉⴼⵓⵥⴰⵕⵏ.
English: Christian faith inspires many features with Biblical names – even Lalibela's river is known as the River Jordan.
Tamazight: ⴷⴰ ⵢⴰⴽⴽⴰ ⵓⵖⵉⵍⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⴰⵙⵉⵃⵉ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵖⴰⵔⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵡⴰⵙⵙⴰⵖⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵜⵓⵕⴰⵜ - ⴰⵡⴷ ⴰⵙⵉⴼ ⵏ ⵍⴰⵍⵉⴱⵉⵍⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵡⴰⵙⵙⵏ ⵙ ⵡⴰⵙⵙⴰⵖ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵙⵉⴼ ⵏ ⵍⵓⵕⴷⵓⵏ.
English: Portuguese priest Francisco Álvares (1465–1540), accompanied the Portuguese Ambassador on his visit to Dawit II in the 1520s.
Tamazight: ⵉⵎⵓⵏ ⵓⵇⵉⵙⵙ ⴰⴱⵓⵔⵜⵓⵖⴰⵍⵉ ⴼⵕⴰⵏⵙⵉⵙⴽⵓ ⴰⵍⴼⴰⵔⵉⵙ (1465–1540), ⴷ ⵓⵎⵔⵇⴰⴷ ⴰⴱⵓⵔⵜⵓⵖⴰⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵜⵔⵣⴼⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵖⵔ ⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵡⵉⵙ ⵙⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙⵏ ⵏ 1520s.
English: The next reported European visitor to Lalibela was Miguel de Castanhoso, who served as a soldier under Cristóvão da Gama and left Ethiopia in 1544.
Tamazight: ⴰⵏⵔⵣⴰⴼ ⴰⵏⵓⵕⵓⴱⴱⵉ ⴰⵏⴹⴼⵓⵕ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵣⵏⵏ ⵖⵔ ⵍⴰⵍⵉⴱⵉⵍⴰ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵎⵉⴳⵉⵍ ⴷⵉ ⴽⴰⵙⵜⴰⵏⵀⵓⵙⵓ, ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵙⵔⴷⴰⵙ ⴷⴷⴰⵡ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⴽⵔⵉⵙⵜⵓⴼⴰⵡ ⴷⴰ ⴳⴰⵎⴰ ⵉⴼⴼⵖ ⵉⵜⵢⵓⴱⵢⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⵙ ⵏ 1544.
English: Its pillars were likewise cut from the mountain."),
Tamazight: “ⵙ ⵓⵎⵢⴰⵖ ⵜⴱⴱⵉ ⵜⵉⵔⵙⴰⵍ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙⴼ ⵓⴷⵔⴰⵔ.””),”
English: There is some controversy as to when some of the churches were constructed.
Tamazight: ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⵓⵎⵔⴰⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵍⴰⵍ ⵅⴼ ⵎⴰⵏⵜⵓⵔ ⵜⵜⵓⵙⴽⴰⵏⵜ ⵢⵉⴷⵙ ⵏ ⵜⴽⴰⵏⵉⵙⴰⵜⵉⵏ.
English: His report described two types of vernacular housing found in the area.
Tamazight: ⵉⵙⵏⵓⵎⵍ ⵓⵏⵇⵇⵉⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙⵉⵏ ⵡⴰⵏⴰⵡⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵣⴷⵓⵖⵏ ⵉⴷⵖⵔⴰⵏⵏ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ.
English: Saint Catherine's Monastery, officially Sacred Monastery of the God-Trodden Mount Sinai, is an Eastern Orthodox monastery located on the Sinai Peninsula, at the mouth of a gorge at the foot of Mount Sinai, near the town of Saint Catherine, Egypt.
Tamazight: ⴰⴷⴷⵉⵔ ⵏ ⵙⴰⵏⵜ ⴽⴰⵜⵔⵉⵏ, ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⴷⴷⵉⵔ ⵓⵏⵚⵉⴱ ⴰⴼⵓⵥⴰⵕ ⵏ ⵓⴷⵔⴰⵔ ⵏ ⴳⵓⴷ-ⵜⵕⵓⴷⵏ, ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⴷⴷⵉⵔ ⴰⵕⵜⵓⴷⵓⴽⵙⵉ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵇⵇⵔ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵣⴳⵏⴳⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⵙⵉⵏⴰ, ⴳ ⵓⵙⴼⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵖⵢⴰ ⵖⵓⵔ ⵓⴹⴰⵕ ⵏ ⵓⴷⵔⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵙⵉⵏⴰ, ⵜⴰⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⵙⴰⵏⵜ ⴽⴰⵜⵔⵉⵏ, ⵎⵉⵥⵕ.
English: The Saint Catherine monastery is located in the shadow of a group of three mountains; Ras Sufsafeh (possibly "Mount Horeb" c.1 km west), Jebel Arrenziyeb and Jebel Musa, the "Biblical Mount Sinai" (peak c.2 km south).
Tamazight: ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⵡⴰⴷⴷⵉⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵇⵉⴷⴷⵉⵙⵜ ⴽⴰⵜⵔⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⵍⵓ ⵏ ⴽⵕⴰⴹ ⵏ ⵉⴷⵓⵔⴰⵔ; ⵕⴰⵙ ⵚⵚⴼⵚⴰⴼⴰ (ⵉⵖⵢ “ⴰⴷⵔⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵃⵓⵔⵉⴱ ⴰⵜⵜⴰⵢ ⵏ 1 ⴽⵉⵍⵓⵎⵉⵜⵔ ⴳ ⵓⵖⵍⵍⵓⵢ), ⴷ ⵓⴷⵔⴰⵔ ⴰⵕⵏⵣⵉⴱ ⴷ ⵓⴷⵔⴰⵔ ⵎⵓⵙⴰ, ⴷ ““ⵓⴷⵔⴰⵔ ⵙⵉⵏⴰ ⴰⵜⵓⵕⴰⵜⵉ”” (ⵉⵙⴽ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵜⵜⴰⵢ ⵏ 2 ⴽⵎ ⴳ ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ).”
English: Catherine herself ordered the execution to commence.
Tamazight: ⵜⴼⴽⴰ ⴰⵏⴰⴹ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴽⴰⵜⵔⵉⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵏⵜⵓⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵉⵏⵖⵉ.
English: The monastery was built by order of Emperor Justinian I (reigned 527–565), enclosing the Chapel of the Burning Bush (also known as "Saint Helen's Chapel") ordered to be built by Empress Consort Helena, mother of Constantine the Great, at the site where Moses is supposed to have seen the burning bush.
Tamazight: “ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⴽⴰ ⵡⴰⴷⴷⵉⵔ ⵙ ⵡⴰⵏⴰⴹ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴱⵕⴰⵟⵓⵕ ⵊⵓⵙⵜⵉⵏⵢⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ (ⵉⵏⵏⴱⴹ ⵙⴳ 527–565), ⵢⵉⵍⵉ ⴷⵉⴳⵙ ⵡⴰⵏⵙⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵥⴰⵍⵍⵉⵜ ⴱⵓⵛ ⵉⵖⵓⵙⵏ (ⵉⵜⵜⵡⴰⵙⵙⵏⵏ ⴰⵍⵜⵓ ⵙ ⵡⴰⵙⵙⴰⵖ ⵏ “ⵜⴰⴽⴰⵏⵉⵙⴰⵜ ⵙⴰⵏⵜ ⵀⵉⵍⵉⵏ”) ⵏⵏⴰ ⵜⵙⴽⴰ ⵜⵎⴱⵕⴰⵟⵓⵕⵜ ⵀⵉⵍⵉⵏⴰ, ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵇⵓⵙⵟⴰⵏⵟⵉⵏ ⴰⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏ, ⴳ ⵡⴰⵏⵙⴰ ⴳ ⵉⵍⴰⵇ ⴰⴷ ⵢⵉⵍⵉ ⵎⵓⵙⴰ ⵢⴰⵏⵏⵢ ⵜⴰⴳⴰⵏⵜ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵜⵖⵓⵙ”.
English: The site is sacred to Christianity, Islam, and Judaism.
Tamazight: ⴰⵏⵙⴰ ⴰⴼⵓⵥⴰⵕ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵙⵉⵃⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵍⴰⵎ ⴷ ⵜⵓⴷⴰⵢⵜ.
English: During the seventh century, the isolated Christian anchorites of the Sinai were eliminated: only the fortified monastery remained.
Tamazight: ⴳ ⵜⵙⵓⵜⴰ ⵜⵉⵙ ⵙⴰⵜ, ⵜⵜⵓⵔⴷⵍⵏⵜ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵉⵜⵎⵏ ⵜⵖⵎⵔⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⴰⵙⵉⵃⵉⵜⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵙⵉⵏⴰ: ⵉⵇⵇⵉⵎ ⴷ ⵖⴰⵙ ⵡⴰⴷⴷⵉⵔ.
English: From the time of the First Crusade, the presence of Crusaders in the Sinai until 1270 spurred the interest of European Christians and increased the number of intrepid pilgrims who visited the monastery.
Tamazight: ⵙⴳ ⵜⵉⵣⵡⵉⵔⵉ ⵏ ⵡⵓⴳⵓⵣ ⴰⵏⵛⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ, ⵢⵓⵡⵉ ⵢⵉⵍⵉ ⵏ ⵉⵏⵛⴰⵏⵏ ⴳ ⵙⵉⵏⴰ ⴰⵔ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1270 ⵜⴰⵖⴹⴼⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵙⵉⵃⵉⵜⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵕⵓⴱⴱⴰ ⵉⵅⵉⵜⵔ ⵓⵎⴹⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵃⵉⵊⵊⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵊⵉⵣⴰ ⵉⵔⵣⴼⵏ ⴰⴷⴷⵉⵔ.
English: The exact administrative status of the church within the Eastern Orthodox Church is ambiguous: by some, including the church itself, it is considered autocephalous, by others an autonomous church under the jurisdiction of the Greek Orthodox Church of Jerusalem.
Tamazight: ⴰⴷⴷⴰⴷ ⴰⴱⴷⵍⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴽⴰⵏⵉⵙⴰⵜ ⴰⴳⵏⵙⵓ ⵏ ⵜⴽⴰⵏⵉⵙⴰⵜ ⵜⵓⵕⵜⵓⴷⵓⴽⵙⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵇⵇⵔ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵙⴼⴰⵡ: ⵖⵓⵔ ⴽⴰ ⵏ ⵢⵉⴷⵙ, ⴳ ⵜⴰⵎⵓ ⵜⴽⴰⵏⵉⵙⴰⵜ ⵙ ⵉⵅⴼ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴽⴰⵏⵉⵙⴰⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ, ⵙⴳ ⵖⵓⵔ ⵡⴰⵢⵢⴰⴹ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⴽⴰⵏⵉⵙⴰⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ ⴷⴷⴰⵡ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⴽⴰⵏⵉⵙⴰⵜ ⵜⵓⵕⵜⵓⵙⵓⴽⵙⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵢⵓⵏⴰⵏⵉⵜ.
English: But in 2003 Russian scholars discovered the donation act for the manuscript signed by the Council of Cairo Metochion and Archbishop Callistratus on 13 November 1869.
Tamazight: ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 2003 ⵓⴼⴰⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⵏ ⵔⵓⵙⵢⴰ ⴰⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵉⵣⵉ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵔⵔⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⴳⴰⵏ ⴳⵔ ⵓⵙⵇⵇⵉⵎ ⵎⵉⵜⵓⵛⵢⵓⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵏⵙⵙⵉⵅⴼ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵇⵇⵓⴼⵏ ⴽⴰⵍⵉⵙⵜⵔⴰⵜⵓⵙ ⴳ ⵇⴰⵀⵉⵔⴰ ⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ 13 ⵏⵓⵡⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ 1869.
English: Palimpsests are notable for having been reused one or more times over the centuries.
Tamazight: ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵓⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵜⴰⵍⵙ ⴱⴰⵍⵉⵎⴱⵙⵉⵙⵜ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵉⴽⴽⵍⵜ ⵏⵖ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵉⴽⴽⴰⵍ ⵅⴼ ⵜⵙⵓⵜⵉⵡⵉⵏ.
English: Each page took approximately eight minutes to scan completely.
Tamazight: ⵜⵛⵛⴰ ⴽⵓ ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴰ ⴰⵜⵜⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⴷⵉⴷⵉⵏ ⵉ ⵓⵙⴼⴰⴹ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴽⵓⵍⵓ ⵙ ⵓⵙⵉⴷⴷ.
English: The large icon collection begins with a few dating to the 5th (possibly) and 6th centuries, which are unique survivals; the monastery having been untouched by Byzantine iconoclasm, and never sacked.
Tamazight: ⵜⵏⵜⴰ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵢⵇⵓⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⴹⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⵥⵥⴰⵏ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⴳⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵙⵓⵜⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵙ 5 (ⵉⵖⵢ) ⴷ ⵜⵉⵙ 6, ⵜⴰⵢⵇⵓⵏⵉⵏ ⴰⴷ ⴳⴰⵏⵜ ⵉⴷⵔⵉⵣⵏ ⵉⴱⴰⵢⵍⴰⵍⵏ; ⵉⵇⵇⵉⵎⴰ ⵡⴰⴷⴷⵉⵔ ⵓⵔ ⵜ ⵔⴷⵉⵍⵏ ⵉⴱⵉⵣⴰⵏⵟⵉⵜⵏ.
English: The conservation of its architectural structures, paintings, and books comprise much of the Foundation's purpose.
Tamazight: ⵉⴳⴰ ⵓⵃⵟⵟⵓ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵇⵇⵓⵍⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵙⴷⴰⴳⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴷ ⵜⴼⵍⵡⵉⵜⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵉⴷⵍⵉⵙⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙⴳ ⵉⵙⵓⵖⴰⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵔⵙⵍⵜ.
English: Its size reflects the relative prosperity of the time.
Tamazight: ⴷⴰ ⵉⵙⵙⴽⴰⵏ ⵓⴽⵙⴰⵢ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⵉⵅⵅⵉⵜⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⴰⵏⵙⵍⴰⵖⵜ ⴳ ⵡⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⴰⵏⵏ.
English: It was built on the site of an earlier, smaller temple also dedicated to Horus, although the previous structure was oriented east-west rather than north-south as in the present site.
Tamazight: ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⴽⴰ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵏⵙⴰ ⴰⵣⴰⵢⴽⵓ ⵉⵎⵣⵣⵉⵢⵏ ⴳ ⵓⴽⵙⴰⵢ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵥⵍⴰⵢⵏ ⵉ ⵃⵓⵔⵓⵙ, ⵡⴰⵅⵅⴰ ⵜⵍⴰ ⵜⵙⵇⵇⵓⵍⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⵇⴱⵓⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⵉⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵓⵏⵇⵇⵔ ⵖⵔ ⴰⵖⵍⵍⵓⵢ ⴳ ⵓⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵉⵥⵥⵍⵎⴹ ⵖⵔ ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ ⵉⵎⴽⵉⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⴳⴰ ⴳ ⵓⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⴷⵖⵉ.
English: The temple of Edfu fell into disuse as a religious monument following Theodosius I's persecution of pagans and edict banning non-Christian worship within the Roman Empire in 391.
Tamazight: ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵉⵜⵎ ⵓⵙⵓⵏⵖ ⵉⴷⴼⵓ ⴰⵙⴱⴷⴰⴷ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵖⴰⵏ ⴼⴼⵉⵔ ⴰⵙⵎⵔⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵢⵓⴷⵓⵙⵢⵓⵙ ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ ⵉ ⵉⵡⴰⵜⴰⵏⵉⵜⵏ ⵙ ⵡⴰⵔⵔⴰ ⵉⴳⴷⴷⵍⵏ ⵜⵉⵙⵙⵓⵎⴳⴰ ⴱ ⴱⵍⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵙⵉⵃⵉⵜ ⴰⴳⵏⵙⵓ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴱⵕⴰⵟⵓⵕⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵕⵓⵎⴰⵏⵉⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 391.
English: Over the centuries, the temple became buried to a depth of 12 metres (39 ft) beneath drifting desert sand and layers of river silt deposited by the Nile.
Tamazight: ⵅⴼ ⵜⴰⵖⵣⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵓⵜⵉⵡⵉⵏ, ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵎⴹⵍ ⵓⵙⵓⵏⵖ ⴳ ⵜⵖⵓⵣⵉ ⵏ 12 ⵎⵉⵜⵔ (39 ⵏ ⵓⴱⴰⵛⵉⵍ) ⴷⴷⴰⵡ ⵓⵍⵅⵉⵅ ⵏ ⵜⵏⵉⵔⵉ ⴷ ⵜⴼⵔⴽⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵍⴰⵖⵜ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵙⵉⴼ ⵉⵙⵙⵍⵙⵖ ⵡⴰⵙⵉⴼ ⵏ ⵏⵉⵍ.
English: In 1860 Auguste Mariette, a French Egyptologist, began the work of freeing Edfu temple from the sands.
Tamazight: ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1860, ⵉⵏⵜⴰ ⵓⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵉⵥⵕⵉⵏ ⴰⴼⵕⴰⵏⵙⵉⵙ ⵓⴳⵓⵙⵜ ⵎⴰⵔⵢⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵅⴼ ⵡⵓⴽⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵍⵅⵉⵅ ⵉ ⵡⴰⵏⵙⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵙⵙⵓⵎⴳⴰ ⵉⴷⴼⵓ.
English: Great Zimbabwe is a medieval city in the south-eastern hills of Zimbabwe near Lake Mutirikwe and the town of Masvingo.
Tamazight: ⵜⴳⴰ ⵣⵉⵎⴱⴰⴱⵡⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏⵜ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵣⴰⵖⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵇⵇⵔ ⵏ ⵣⵉⵎⴱⴰⴱⵡⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵍⵎⴰⵎ ⵎⵓⵜⵉⵔⵉⴽⵡⵉ ⴷ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵎⴰⵙⴼⵉⵏⴳⵓ.
English: Great Zimbabwe is believed to have served as a royal palace for the local monarch.
Tamazight: ⵉⵖⵢ ⵉⵙ ⵜⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵣⵉⵎⴱⴰⴱⵡⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏⵜ ⵉⵖⵔⵎ ⴰⴳⵍⴷⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷ ⴰⴷⵖⵔⴰⵏ.
English: They were constructed without mortar (dry stone).
Tamazight: ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵓⵙⴽⴰ ⴱⵍⴰ ⵉⴼⵍⵉⵍⴰ (ⵉⵙⵍⵍⵉⵡⵏ ⵉⵣⵡⴰⵏ).
English: The first confirmed visits by Europeans were in the late 19th century, with investigations of the site starting in 1871.
Tamazight: ⴽⴽⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⵔⵣⴰⴼ ⴳⴰⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ ⵏ ⵓⵕⵓⴱⴱⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵉⴳⴰⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵓⵜⴰ ⵜⵉⵙ 19, ⵏⵜⵓⵏ ⵉⵔⵣⵣⵓⵜⵏ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵏⵙⴰ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1871.
English: The Great Zimbabwe area was settled by the 4th century AD.
Tamazight: ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵓⵣⴷⵖ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵣⵉⵎⴱⴰⴱⵡⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏⵜ ⴳ ⵓⴽⵛⵛⵓⵎ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵓⵜⴰ ⵜⵉⵙ 4 ⵏ ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ.
English: David Beach believes that the city and its state, the Kingdom of Zimbabwe, flourished from 1200 to 1500, although a somewhat earlier date for its demise is implied by a description transmitted in the early 1500s to João de Barros.
Tamazight: ⴷⴰ ⵉⵙⴽⵙⵉⵡ ⴷⴰⵢⴼⵉⴷ ⴱⵉⵜⵛ ⵏⵡⵉⵙ ⵜⴱⵓⵖⵍⴰ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵡⵉⵍⴰⵢⴰⵜⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⵜⴰⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵣⵉⵎⴱⴰⴱⵡⵉ ⴳⵔ 1200 ⴷ 1500, ⵡⴰⵅⵅⴰ ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉ ⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⵉⵣⵔⵉⵏ ⵏⵡⵉⵙ ⵜⴹⵕⴰ ⴳ ⵉⵎⵣⵡⵓⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙⵏ ⵏ 1500s ⵖⵔ ⵊⵡⴰⵡ ⴷⵉ ⴱⴰⵕⵓⵙ.
English: They are known as the Hill Complex, the Valley Complex and the Great Enclosure.
Tamazight: ⵜⵜⵡⵡⴰⵙⵙⵏⵏ ⵙ ⵡⵓⴷⴷⵉⵙ ⵏ ⴳⵉⵍ ⴷ ⵡⵓⴷⴷⵉⵙ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵙⵉⴼ ⴷ ⵜⴳⵏⵙⵓⵜ ⵜⴰⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔⵜ.
English: The Valley Complex is divided into the Upper and Lower Valley Ruins, with different periods of occupation.
Tamazight: ⵉⴱⴹⴰ ⵡⵓⴷⴷⵉⵙ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵙⵉⴼ ⵅⴼ ⵉⴷⵔⵉⵣⵏ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵙⵉⴼ ⴰⵏⴰⴼⵍⵍⴰ ⴷ ⵡⴰⵙⵉⴼ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⴷⴰⵔ, ⵙ ⵢⵉⴷⵙ ⵏ ⵜⴼⵔⴽⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵙⴷⵓⵔⵔⵉ.
English: The focus of power moved from the Hill Complex in the 12th century, to the Great Enclosure, the Upper Valley and finally the Lower Valley in the early 16th century.
Tamazight: ⵜⵎⵎⵓⵜⵜⵢ ⵜⴰⵡⵏⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵓⵙⵉ ⵏ ⵡⵓⴷⴷⵉⵙ ⵀⵉⵍ ⴳ ⵜⵙⵓⵜⴰ ⵜⵉⵙ 12 ⵖⵔ ⵜⵎⴰⵇⵇⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔⵜ ⴷ ⵡⴰⵙⵉⴼ ⴰⵏⴰⴼⵍⵍⴰ ⴳ ⵜⴳⵉⵔⴰ ⴰⵙⵉⴼ ⵎⴰⵣⴷⴰⵔ ⴳ ⵉⵎⵣⵡⵓⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵓⵜⴰ ⵜⵉⵙ 16.
English: Other artefacts include soapstone figurines (one of which is in the British Museum), pottery, iron gongs, elaborately worked ivory, iron and copper wire, iron hoes, bronze spearheads, copper ingots and crucibles, and gold beads, bracelets, pendants and sheaths.
Tamazight: ⵙⵎⴰⵏⴻⵏⵜ ⵜⵎⴳⵓⵔⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴼⵓⵙ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ ⵜⵉⵙⴼⵔⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵥⵕⵓ ⴰⵛⵍⴰⵍⴼ (ⵢⴰⵏ ⴷⵉⴳⵙⵏⵜ ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴰⵍⴰⵢ ⴰⴱⵕⵉⵟⴰⵏⵉ), ⴷ ⵉⴷⵇⵇⵉ, ⴷ ⵉⵖⵣⵣⴰⵍⵏ ⵏ ⵡⵓⵣⵣⴰⵍ, ⴷ ⵓⵄⴰⵊ ⵎⵉ ⵜⵜⵓⵖⵢⵢⵣ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉ, ⴷ ⵉⴼⵉⵍⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵉⴷⴷ ⴷ ⵡⴰⵏⴰⵙ, ⴷ ⵜⵍⴳⵯⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵡⵓⵣⵣⴰⵍ, ⴷ ⵉⵅⴼⴰⵡⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵙⵎⵉⵏ ⵉⴱⵔⵓⵏⵣⵏ, ⴷ ⵜⴼⵟⴰⵟⵟⴰⵃⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵏⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵜⵏⵅⵔⵉⵏ, ⴷ ⵜⵅⵔⵙⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵡⵓⵔⵖ, ⴷ ⵡⵓⵜⵓⵍⵏ, ⴷ ⵜⵙⴰⴳⵍⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵖⵓⵏⵉ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵔⵉⴳⵏ.
English: That international commerce was in addition to the local agricultural trade, in which cattle were especially important.
Tamazight: ⵜⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵙⴱⴱⴰⴱⵜ ⵜⴰⴳⵔⴰⵖⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵙⴱⴱⴰⴱⵜ ⵜⴰⴽⵔⵣⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⴷⵖⵔⴰⵏⵜ, ⴳ ⵉⴽⴽⴰ ⵖⵓⵔ ⵡⵓⵍⵍⵉ ⵡⴰⵜⵉⴳ ⵉⵥⵍⵉⵏ ⴷⵉⴳⵙ.
English: Portuguese traders heard about the remains of the medieval city in the early 16th century, and records survive of interviews and notes made by some of them, linking Great Zimbabwe to gold production and long-distance trade.
Tamazight: ⵙⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⵉⵙⴱⴱⴰⴱⵏ ⵉⴱⵓⵔⵜⵓⵖⵍⵉⵜⵏ ⵅⴼ ⵉⵙⵔⵉⵣⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⴳ ⵜⵉⵣⵡⵉⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵓⵜⴰ ⵜⵉⵙ 16, ⵙⴰⵍⵏⵜ ⵜⵏⵜⴰⵎⵉⵏ ⵍⵍⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵉⵎⵔⴰⵔⴰⵜⵏⵏ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵏⵉⵖⵉⵙⵏ ⴳⴰⵏ ⵉⴷⵙⵏ ⴷⵉⴳⵙⵏ, ⵉⵣⴷⵉⵏ ⵣⵉⵎⴱⴰⴱⵡⵉ ⵜⴰⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔⵜ ⴷ ⵓⴼⴰⵔⵙ ⵏ ⵡⵓⵔⵖ ⴷ ⵜⵙⴱⴱⴰⴱⵜ ⵉⵍⴰⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵍ ⴰⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔ.
English: He asserted that the figurine instead appeared to date to the subsequent Ptolemaic era (c. 323–30 BC), when Alexandria-based Greek merchants would export Egyptian antiquities and pseudo-antiquities to southern Africa.
Tamazight: ⵉⵙⵉⵡⵍ ⵉⵏⵏⴰ ⵏⵡⵉⵙ ⴷ ⵉⴼⴼⵖ ⵓⵙⴼⵔⵉⵙ ⴳ ⵜⵉⵣⵡⵉⵔⵉ ⴳ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⴰⴱⵓⵟⵍⵓⵎⵉ ⴰⵏⴹⴼⵓⵕ ( ⴰⵜⵜⴰⵢ ⵏ 30-323 ⴷⴰⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ), ⴽⵓⴷ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴽⴽⴰⵏ ⵉⵙⴱⴱⴰⴱⵏ ⵉⵢⵓⵏⴰⵏⵉⵜⵏ ⵉⵣⴷⵖⵏ ⴳ ⵉⵙⴽⴰⵏⴷⵉⵔⵢⴰ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵣⵏⵏ ⵉⴷⵔⵉⵣⵏ ⵉⵎⵉⵥⵕⵉⵜⵏ ⵏ ⵎⵉⵥⵕ ⴷ ⵉⴷⵔⵉⵣⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴽⵔⴽⴰⵙ ⵖⵔ ⵉⴼⵔⵉⵇⵢⴰ ⵏ ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ.
English: Bent had no formal archaeological training, but had travelled very widely in Arabia, Greece and Asia Minor.
Tamazight: ⵓⵔ ⵉⵍⵉ ⴱⵉⵏⵜ ⴰⵡⴷ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⵎⵓⵜⵜⴳ ⵓⵏⵚⵉⴱ ⴳ ⵢⵉⴳⵔ ⵏ ⵉⴷⵔⵉⵣⵏ, ⵎⴰⴽⴰ ⵉⵎⵎⴰⴷⴷⴰ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵜⴰⵣⴳⵏⴳⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⴷ ⵢⵓⵏⴰⵏ ⴷ ⴰⵙⵢⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵥⵥⵢⴰⵏⵜ.
English: They have a tradition of ancient Jewish or South Arabian descent through their male line.
Tamazight: ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⵖⵓⵔⵙⵏ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⵢⵓⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵇⴱⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵡⵓⴷⴰⵢⵏ ⵏⵖ ⴷ ⵙⴳ ⵉⵥⵓⵕⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵄⵕⴰⴱⵏ ⵏ ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ ⵙⴳ ⵜⴰⴳⴳⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵡⵜⵎⴰⵏ.
English: The Lemba claim was also reported by a William Bolts (in 1777, to the Austrian Habsburg authorities), and by an A.A. Anderson (writing about his travels north of the Limpopo River in the 19th century).
Tamazight: ⵉⵙⴳⵓⵍⴰ ⵏⵏ ⵡⵉⵍⵢⴰⵎ ⴱⵓⵍⵜⵙ ⴷ ⴰ.ⴰ. ⴰⵏⴷⵔⵙⵓⵏ (ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵔⴰ ⵅⴼ ⵉⵎⵓⴷⴷⵓⵜⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙⴳ ⵉⵥⵥⵍⵎⴹ ⴰⵙⵓⵜⵔ ⵏ ⵍⵉⵎⴱⵓⴱⵓ ⴳ ⵜⵙⵓⵜⴰ ⵜⵉⵙ 19) ⴰⵍⵜⵓ (ⴳ1777, ⵖⵔ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵀⴰⴱⵙⴱⵓⵔⴳ ⵏ ⵏⵏⴰⵎⵙⴰ).
English: She had first sunk three test pits into what had been refuse heaps on the upper terraces of the hill complex, producing a mix of unremarkable pottery and ironwork.
Tamazight: ⵖⵣⴰⵏ ⵜⵉⵣⵡⵉⵔⵉ ⴽⵕⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⵅⴱⴰ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵔⵎ ⴳ ⵉⴱⴷⵓⵣⵏ ⵅⴼ ⵜⵙⴽⴼⴰⵍ ⵜⵉⵎⴰⵊⵊⴳⴰⵍⵉⵏ ⵉ ⵡⵓⴷⴷⵉⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵔⵉⵔⵜ, ⴰⵢⵏⵏⴰ ⴷ ⵉⴼⴽⴰⵏ ⴰⴼⴰⵔⵙ ⵏ ⵡⵓⵙⵓⵔ ⵉⵏⴳⵔ ⵉⴷⵇⵇⵉ ⴷ ⵡⵓⵣⵣⴰⵍ.
English: Caton Thompson immediately announced her Bantu origin theory to a meeting of the British Association in Johannesburg.
Tamazight: ⵜⴼⴽⴰ ⴽⴰⵜⵓⵏ ⵟⵓⵎⵙⵓⵏ ⵜⵉⵥⵉⵕⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵅⴼ ⵓⵥⵖⵕ ⵏ ⴱⴰⵏⵜⵓ ⴳ ⵓⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⴱⵔⵉⵟⴰⵏⵉⵜ ⴳ ⵊⵓⵀⴰⵏⵏⵙⴱⵓⵔⴳ.
English: The radiocarbon evidence is a suite of 28 measurements, for which all but the first four, from the early days of the use of that method and now viewed as inaccurate, support the 12th-to-15th-centuries chronology.
Tamazight: ⵉⴳⴰ ⵓⵏⵎⵎⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵓⵕⴰⴷⵢⵓⴽⴰⵕⴱⵓⵏ ⵜⴰⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ 28 ⵏ ⵜⵙⵖⴰⵍⵜ, ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵏⴰⵍⴰⵏ ⴽⵓⵍⵍⵓⵜⵏⵜ ⵖⴰⵙ ⴽⴽⵓⵥⵜ ⵜⵉⵎⵣⵡⵓⵔⴰ, ⵙⴳ ⵡⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⵡⵓⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵜ ⵙ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⴽⵙⵉⵡ ⴷⵖⵉ ⵏⵡⵉⵙ ⵓⵔ ⵢⴰⴷ ⵜⵍⵉ ⵜⵉⵢⴰⴼⵓⵜⵉⵏ ⵣⴷⴷⵉⴳⵏⵉⵏ, ⴰⵙⴷⴷⵉ ⵏ ⵡⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⵙⴳ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜⴰ ⵜⵉⵙ 12 ⴰⵔ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜⴰ ⵜⵉⵙ 15.
English: The removal of gold and artefacts in amateurist diggings by early colonial antiquarians caused widespread damage, notably diggings by Richard Nicklin Hall.
Tamazight: ⵓⵊⵊⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵡⵓⴽⵓⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵡⵓⵔⵖ ⴷ ⵉⴼⴰⵔⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴼⵓⵙ ⴷ ⵉⵏⴰⴷⴰⵜⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵏⵔⴰⵎⵙⵓⵜⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵙⴷⵓⵔⵔⵉ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉⴳⵏ ⵉⴷⵔⵉⵣⵏ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵡⴰⵖⵉⵜⵉⵏ, ⵍⵓⵎⵏ ⴳ ⵡⵓⵖⵓⵣⵏ ⵉⵙⵙⴽⵔ ⵔⵉⵜⵛⴰⵔⴷ ⵏⵉⴽⵍⵉⵏ ⵀⵓ.
English: Preben Kaarsholm writes that both colonial and black nationalist groups invoked Great Zimbabwe's past to support their vision of the country's present, through the media of popular history and of fiction.
Tamazight: ⵢⴰⵔⴰ ⴱⵔⵉⴱⵏ ⴽⵔⵛⵓⵍⵎ ⵉⵙ ⴷ ⵍⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⵙⴷⵓⵔⵔⵉⵜⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵜⴼⵔⴽⵉⵜ ⵜⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍⵜ ⵉⵣⵔⵉ ⵏ ⵣⵉⵎⴱⴰⴱⵡⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏⵜ ⵉ ⵜⵉⵥⵕⵉ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵀⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ, ⵙ ⵡⴰⵍⵍⴰⵍⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵏⵖⵎⵙ ⴷ ⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⴰⵏⵎⵓⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵡⵡⵉⵏⴳⵎ.
English: Pikirayi and Kaarsholm suggest that this presentation of Great Zimbabwe was partly intended to encourage settlement and investment in the area.
Tamazight: ⵉⴳⵔ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵏⵏⴰⵢⵏⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴱⵉⴽⵉⵔⴰⵢⵉ ⵏⵜⵜⴰ ⴷ ⴽⴰⵔⵛⵓⵍⵎ ⵉⵙ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⴼⴽⴰ ⵉ ⵣⵉⵎⴱⴰⴱⵡⵉ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⴼⵙⵔ ⴱⵓ ⵓⵡⵜⵜⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴱⵖⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵣⴷⵓⵖ ⴷ ⵓⵣⵉⵣⵣⵍ ⴳ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ.
English: In 1980 the new internationally recognised independent country was renamed for the site, and its famous soapstone bird carvings were retained from the Rhodesian flag and Coat of Arms as a national symbol and depicted in the new Zimbabwean flag.
Tamazight: ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1980, ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵍⵙ ⴰⵙ ⵡⴰⵙⵙⴰⵖ ⵉ ⵓⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⵜⴰⵙⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓⵜ ⵉⵜⵜⵡⴰⵙⵙⵏⵏ ⵙ ⵜⴰⵍⵖⴰ ⵜⴰⴳⵔⴰⵖⵍⴰⵏⵜ, ⵜⵜⵓⵃⴹⵓⵏ ⵉⴳⵣⴰⵢⵏ ⵏ ⵉⴳⴹⴰⴹ ⵉⵜⵜⵡⴰⵙⵙⵏⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵥⵕⴰⵏ ⵉⵛⵍⵓⵍⴰⴼ ⴳ ⵓⵛⵏⵢⴰⵍ ⴰⵔⵓⴷⵉⵙⵉ ⴷ ⵜⵎⴰⵜⴰⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵙⵔⵎⵜ ⵉ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵓⵏⵖ ⴳ ⵓⵛⵏⵢⵍ ⵏ ⵣⵉⵎⴱⴰⴱⵡⵉ ⴰⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓ.
English: An example of the former is Ken Mufuka's booklet, although the work has been heavily criticised.
Tamazight: ⴰⵎⴷⵢⴰ ⵅⴼ ⵓⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜ ⵜⴷⵍⵉⵙⵜ ⴽⵉⵏ ⵎⵓⴼⵓⴽⴰ, ⵡⴰⵅⵅⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⴼⴽⴰ ⵓⵣⵖⴰⵏ ⴰⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔ ⵅⴼ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ.
English: It was created to preserve the rich history of this country which was facing a dark future due to globalisation.
Tamazight: ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⴽⴰ ⵉ ⵓⵃⵟⵟⵓ ⵅⴼ ⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⴰⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⵏⴰⵖⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵎⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵍⵍⴰⵙ ⵙ ⵓⵎⵏⵜⵉⵍ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏⵜ.
English: The site exhibits a multitude of architectural styles, reminiscent of styles seen in central Mexico and of the Puuc and Chenes styles of the Northern Maya lowlands.
Tamazight: ⴷⴰ ⵉⵙⴼⵙⴰⵔ ⵡⴰⵏⵙⴰ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵎⴽⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵙⴷⴰⴳⵜ, ⴷⴰ ⴰⵖ ⴷ ⵜⵙⵙⴽⵜⴰⵢ ⴰⵏⴰⵡⵏ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵏⵏⴰⵢⵏ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵎⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵎⵉⴽⵙⵉⴽ ⴷ ⵡⴰⵏⴰⵡⵏ ⵏ ⴱⵓⴽ (Puuc) ⴷ ⵀⵉⵏⵙ (Chenes) ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵉⵥⵥⵍⵎⴹ ⵏ ⵎⴰⵢⴰ ⴳ ⵉⴽⴰⵍⵏ ⵢⴰⵣⴷⵓⵔⵏ.
English: The city may have had the most diverse population in the Maya world, a factor that could have contributed to the variety of architectural styles at the site.
Tamazight: ⵉⵖⵢ ⵉⵙ ⵜⵓⵙⵢ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⴰⵎⵢⴰⵏⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ ⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵎⴰⵢⴰ, ⵉⴳ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⵡⵢ ⵉⵖⵉⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵢⴰⵡⵙ ⵉ ⴰⵎⵢⴰⵏⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵎⴽⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵙⴷⴰⴳⵜ ⴳ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ.
English: One possible translation for Itza is "enchanter (or enchantment) of the water," from its (itz), "sorcerer", and ha, "water".
Tamazight: “ⵢⴰⵜ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵙⵓⵖⵍⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵏⵣⵎⴰⵔ ⵉ ⵉⵜⵣⴰ ⵜⵍⵍⴰ “ⵉⵃⵔⴳⵉ” ⵏ ⵡⴰⵎⴰⵏ, ““ⵙⴳ ⵉⵜⵙ (ⵉⵜⵣ) ““ⵉⵃⵔⴳⵉ””, ⴷ ⵀⴰ, ““ⴰⵎⴰⵏ””.”