Tamazight-NLP/NLLB-Seed_Standard-Moroccan-Tamazight huggingface dataset:
English: Other early cinematic representations of cities in the twentieth century generally depicted them as technologically efficient spaces with smoothly functioning systems of automobile transport.
Tamazight: ⴼⴽⴰⵏ ⵜⵡⵍⴰⴼⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵙⵏⵉⵎⴰⵜⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵣⵉⴽⴽ ⵉ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵓⵜⴰ ⵜⵉⵙ ⵙⵉⵎⵔⴰⵡ ⵙ ⵓⵎⴰⵜⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵙ ⴳⴰⵏⵜ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⵏⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵉⵍⴰⵏ ⵜⵉⴳⴰⵡⵜ ⴳ ⵜⴻⵜⵉⴽⵏⵓⵍⵓⵊⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵉⴳⵔⵔⴰⵜⵏ ⵉⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵡⴰⵙⵙⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵜⵀⵉⵔⵉⵜⵉⵏ.
English: A country is a distinct territorial body or political entity (i.e. a nation).
Tamazight: ⴰⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⴷ ⴰⴳⵔⵔⴰ ⴰⵙⴳⴰⵡⴰⵏ ⵏⵖ ⴷ ⵜⴰⴳⵣⵣⵓⵎⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⵔⵜⴰⵏⵜ ⵉⵙⵜⵉⵏ (ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⵜⵜⴰ).
English: It is not inherently sovereign.
Tamazight: ⵜⵍⴰ ⵜⴰⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵅⴼ ⵜⴳⴰⵎⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ.
English: The largest country in the world by geographical area is Russia, while the most populous is China, followed by India, the United States, Indonesia, Pakistan and Brazil.
Tamazight: ⴰⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⴰⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔ ⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⴳ ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴰ ⵜⴰⵊⵖⵔⴰⴼⵜ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵔⵓⵙⵢⴰ, ⵎⴰⴽⴰ ⵚⵚⵉⵏ ⴰⵢ ⴷ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵎⴹⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ, ⵜⴹⴼⵓⵔ ⵜⵜ ⵀⵉⵏⴷ ⴷ ⵜⵎⵜⵜⴰ ⵎⵓⵏⵏⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵏⴷⵓⵏⵉⵙⵢⴰ ⴷ ⴱⴰⴽⵉⵙⵜⴰⵏ ⴷ ⴱⵕⴰⵣⵉⵍ.
English: In many European countries the words are used for sub-divisions of the national territory, as in the German Bundesländer, as well as a less formal term for a sovereign state.
Tamazight: ⴳ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵉⵣⴰⵔ ⵜⵉⵕⵓⴱⴱⵉⵢⵉⵏ, ⴷⴰ ⵜⵜⵓⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉⵏⵜ ⵜⴳⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵉ ⴱⵟⵟⵓ ⵏ ⵉⴽⴰⵍⵏ ⵉⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔⵏ, ⴰⵎ ⵖⵓⵔ ⴱⵓⵏⴷⵙⵍⴰⵏⴷⵔ ⴰⵍⵎⴰⵏⵉ, ⴷ ⵜⴳⵓⵔⵉ ⵜⴰⵔ ⵜⵓⵏⵚⵉⴱⵜ ⵉ ⵓⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵍⵉⵏ ⵜⴰⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ.
English: There is no universal agreement on the number of "countries" in the world since a number of states have disputed sovereignty status.
Tamazight: “ⵓⵔ ⵉⵍⵍⵉ ⵓⵎⵙⴰⵙⴰ ⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏ ⵅⴼ ⵓⵎⴹⴰⵏ ⵏ ““ⵉⵡⴰⵏⴽⵏ”” ⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵡⴰⵏⴽⵏ ⵅⴼ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⵉⵎⵏⵖⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵎⵓⴽⵔⵉⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ.”
English: The degree of autonomy of non-sovereign countries varies widely.
Tamazight: ⵜⴱⴹⴰ ⵜⵙⴽⵯⴼⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵣⴰⵔⵓⴳ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⴰ ⵙ ⵓⵎⴰⵜⴰ.
English: The report classifies country development based on per capita gross national income (GNI).
Tamazight: ⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⵜⵜⵢ ⵓⵏⵇⵇⵉⵙ ⵜⵉⴳⵎⵉ ⵏ ⵓⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⵅⴼ ⵓⵎⵓⵔ ⵏ ⴽⵓ ⴰⵡⵔⵉⴽ ⴳ ⵓⴽⵛⵛⵓⵎ ⴰⵎⴰⵜⵓ ⵏ ⵜⵡⴰⵏⴽ.
English: The 2019 report recognizes only developed countries in North America, Europe, and Asia and the Pacific.
Tamazight: ⴰⵏⵇⵇⵉⵙ ⵏ 2019 ⴷⴰ ⵢⴰⴽⴽⴰ ⴰⵙⵉⵙⵙⵏ ⵉ ⵉⵡⴰⵏⴽⵏ ⵉⴱⵓⵖⵍⴰⵏ ⴳ ⴰⵎⵔⵉⴽⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵥⵥⵍⵎⴹ ⴷ ⵓⵕⵓⴱⴱⴰ ⴷ ⴰⵙⵢⴰ ⴷ ⵓⴼⵜⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵉⴼⵙⵜⵉ.
English: The World Bank defines its regions as East Asia and Pacific, Europe and Central Asia, Latin America and the Caribbean, Middle East and North Africa, North America, South Asia, and Sub-Saharan Africa.
Tamazight: ⵉⵙⵙⵏ ⵓⴱⴰⵏⴽ ⴰⴳⵔⴰⵖⵍⴰⵏ ⴰⵏⵙⵉⵡⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵏⵡⵉⵙ ⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⵏⵇⵇⵔ ⵏ ⴰⵙⵢⴰ ⴷ ⵓⴼⵜⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵉⴼⵙⵜⵉ, ⴷ ⵓⵕⵓⴱⴱⴰ ⴷ ⴰⵙⵢⴰ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙⵜ, ⴷ ⴰⵎⵜⵉⴽⴰ ⵜⴰⵍⴰⵜⵉⵏⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵍⴻⵍ ⴰⴽⴰⵔⴰⵢⴱⵉ, ⴷ ⵓⵏⵇⵇⵔ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵉⵥⵥⵍⵎⴹ ⵏ ⵉⴼⵔⵉⵇⵢⴰ, ⴷ ⴰⵎⵔⵉⴽⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵥⵥⵍⵎⴹ, ⴷ ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ ⵏ ⴰⵙⵢⴰ ⴷ ⴰⴼⵔⵉⵇⵢⴰ ⵏ ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵏⵉⵔⵉ.
English: Exploration is the act of searching for the purpose of discovery of information or resources, especially in the context of geography or space, rather than research and development that is usually not centred on earth sciences or astronomy.
Tamazight: ⵉⴼⵉ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⴳⴳⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵔⵣⵣⵓ ⵅⴼ ⵜⵉⴼⵉ ⵏ ⵉⵏⵖⵎⵉⵙⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵓⴳⴰⵎ, ⵍⵓⵎⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵊⵖⵔⴰⴼⵜ ⴷ ⵓⵙⴰⵢⵔⴰⵔ, ⴳ ⵓⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵓⵔⵣⵣⵓ ⴷ ⵓⵙⴱⵓⵖⵍⵓ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵍⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵡⴰⴽⴰⵍ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵏ ⵜⵚⵟⵕⵓⵏⵓⵎⵜ.
English: Only the one done by emperor Nero seemed to be a preparative for the conquest of Ethiopia or Nubia: in 62 AD two legionaries explored the sources of the Nile river.
Tamazight: ⴰⵢ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵓⵎⴱⵕⴰⵟⵓⵕ ⵏⵉⵕⵓⵏ ⴷⴰⵢⵢ ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵎ ⵉⵙ ⴷ ⴰⵙⵙⵓⵊⴷ ⵉ ⵓⵙⴷⴷⵓⵔⵔⵢ ⵏ ⵉⵜⵢⵓⴱⵢⴰ ⴷ ⵏⵓⴱⵢⴰ: ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 62 ⴼⴼⵉⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ, ⵓⴼⴰⵏ ⵙⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵔⵓⴱⴱⴰ ⴰⵣⵓⵔⵣ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵙⵉⴼ ⵏ ⵏⵉⵍ.
English: The Romans also organized several explorations into Northern Europe, and explored as far as China in Asia.
Tamazight: ⵙⵙⵓⴷⵙⵏ ⵕⵕⵓⵎⴰⵏ ⴰⵍⵜⵓ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵢⵉⴼⵉⵜⵏ ⴳ ⵉⵥⵥⵍⵎⴹ ⵏ ⵓⵕⵓⴱⴱⴰ, ⴰⴼⵉⵏ ⵚⵚⵉⵏ ⴳ ⴰⵙⵢⴰ.
English: 100 AD-166 AD Romano-Chinese relations begin.
Tamazight: 100 - 166 ⴼⴼⵉⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ ⵙⵏⵜⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⵣⴷⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵕⵉⵎⴰⵏⵉⵜⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵚⵉⵏⵉⵜⵉⵏ.
English: The key invention to their exploration was the outrigger canoe, which provided a swift and stable platform for carrying goods and people.
Tamazight: ⵉⴳⴰ ⵓⵖⵔⵔⴰⴱⵓ ⵜⴰⵙⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵉⴼⵉ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ ⵏⵜⵜⴰ ⴷ ⴰⵍⵍⴰⵍ ⴰⴷⵙⵍⴰⵏ ⴰⵙⵏ ⵢⴰⴽⴽⴰⵏ ⴰⵙⴷⴷⵔⴼ ⴷ ⵡⴰⵏⵙⴰ ⵏ ⵢⵉⴷⵢ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵍⵣⴰⵣⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵎⴷⴷⵏ.
English: 2011 studies at Wairau Bar in New Zealand show a high probability that one origin was Ruahine Island in the Society Islands.
Tamazight: ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵏⵉⵖⵉⵙ ⴳ ⵜⵣⵔⴰⵡⵉⵏ ⵏ 2011 ⴳ ⵡⴰⵢⵔⵓ ⴱⴰⵕ ⴳ ⵏⵢⵓⵣⵉⵍⴰⵏⴷⴰ ⵏⵡⵉⵙ ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵢⵉⵖⵉⵢ ⵉⵙ ⴳⴰⵏ ⵉⵣⵓⵕⴰⵏ ⵏ ⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴳⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵔⵡⴰⵀⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵜⴳⵣⵉⵔⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵏⴰⵎⵓⵏⵉⵏ.
English: There are cultural and language similarities between Cook Islanders and New Zealand Maori.
Tamazight: ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⵡⵓⴷⵎⴰⵡⵏ ⵉⵜⵜⵎⵢⴰⵖⵏ ⵉⴷⵍⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵏⵉⵍⵙⵏ ⵉⵏⴳ ⵉⵣⴷⴰⵖ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵣⵉⵔⵉⵏ ⴽⵓⴽ ⴷ ⵏⵢⵓⵣⵉⵍⴰⵏⴷⴰ ⵎⴰⵡⵔⵉ.
English: During 1328–1333, he sailed along the South China Sea and visited many places in Southeast Asia and reached as far as South Asia, landing in Sri Lanka and India, and he even went to Australia.
Tamazight: ⵉⵏⴳⵔ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1328 ⴷ 1333, ⵉⵎⵎⵓⴷⴷⴰ ⵅⴼ ⵜⴰⵖⵣⵉ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵍⴻⵍ ⵏ ⵚⵚⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ ⵢⴰⴳⴳ ⵡⴰⵀⵍⵉ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵏⵙⵉⵡⵏ ⴳ ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵇⵇⵔ ⵏ ⴰⵙⵢⴰ ⵉⴳⵓⵍⵓ ⵏⵏ ⴰⵡⴷ ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ ⵏ ⴰⵙⵢⴰ, ⵉⴳⴳⵣ ⴳ ⵉⵔⵉⵍⴰⵏⴽⴰ ⴷ ⵀⵉⵏⴷ, ⵉⴷⴷⵓ ⴰⵡⴷ ⵖⵔ ⵓⵙⵜⵕⴰⵍⵢⴰ.
English: Portugal and Spain dominated the first stages of exploration, while other European nations followed, such as England, Netherlands, and France.
Tamazight: ⵜⵙⵙⵜⵡⴰ ⴱⵓⵔⵜⵓⵖⴰⵍ ⴷ ⵉⵙⴱⴰⵏⵢⴰ ⵅⴼ ⵜⴼⵔⴽⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⵣⵡⵓⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵡⴰⴼⵉⵜⵉⵏ, ⴹⴼⵕⵏ ⵜⵏⵜ ⵉⵡⴰⵏⴽⵏ ⵉⵕⵓⴱⴱⵉⵜⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵏⴳⵍⴰⵜⵉⵕⵕⴰ ⴷ ⵀⵓⵍⴰⵏⴹⴰ ⴷ ⴼⵕⴰⵏⵙⴰ.
English: The extreme conditions in the deep sea require elaborate methods and technologies to endure them.
Tamazight: ⴷⴰ ⵙⵙⵓⵜⵓⵔⵏⵜ ⵜⴼⴰⴷⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵇⵙⵃⵏⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵄⵓⵎⵜ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵍⴻⵍ ⴷ ⵜⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵉⵏ ⵇⵙⵃⵏⵉⵏ ⵉ ⵉⵔⵉⵔⵉ ⵏⵏⵙⵏⵜ.
English: An administrative subdivision, instead, is understood to be a division of a state proper.
Tamazight: ⴱⵟⵟⵓ ⴰⴷⴱⵍⴰⵏ, ⴳ ⵓⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⴽⴰⵣ ⵙ ⴱⵟⵟⵓ ⵏ ⵓⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⵙ ⵜⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴷⴷⴰⴷⵜ.
English: The dependent territories that currently remain in the world today generally maintain a very high degree of political autonomy.
Tamazight: ⵜⵉⵎⵏⴰⴹⵉⵏ ⵉⴹⴼⴰⵕⵏ ⵉⵙⵓⵍⵏ ⴰⵡⴷ ⴷⵖⵉ ⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⵖⵓⵔ ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⵡⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⴽⵯⴼⵍ ⴰⵏⴰⴼⵍⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵣⴰⵔⵓⴳ ⴰⵙⵔⵜⴰⵏ.
English: Cook Islands' status is considered to be equivalent to independence for international law purposes, and the country exercises full sovereignty over its internal and external affairs.
Tamazight: ⵉⴳⴰ ⵡⴰⴷⴷⴰⴷ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵣⵉⵔⵉⵏ ⵏ ⴽⵓⴽ ⴰⵎ ⵓⵣⴰⵔⵓⴳ ⵉ ⵉⵙⵡⵉⵜⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴰⴹⵓⴼ ⴰⴳⵔⴰⵖⵍⴰⵏ, ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⴱⴰⴹ ⵓⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⴳ ⵜⵖⴰⵡⵙⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵏⵙⵓ ⵓⵍⴰ ⵜⵉⵏ ⴱⵕⵕⴰ.
English: Under the terms of the free association agreement, however, New Zealand retains some responsibility for the foreign relations and defence of Niue.
Tamazight: ⵙ ⵜⴼⴰⴷⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵙⴰⵙⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵣⴷⴰⵢ ⵉⵍⴻⵍⵍⵉ, ⵜⵟⵟⴼ ⵏⵢⵓⵣⵉⵍⴰⵏⴷⴰ ⵙ ⵉⵎⵉⴽ ⵏ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⴷ ⵉⵣⴷⴰⵢⵏ ⵉⴱⵕⵔⴰⵏⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⵅⴼ ⵏⵉⵡⵉ.
English: This list is generally limited to entities that are either subject to an international treaty on their status, uninhabited, or have a unique level of autonomy and are largely self-governing in matters other than international affairs.
Tamazight: ⵉⵇⵇⵉⵎⴰ ⵡⵓⵎⵓⵖ ⴰⴷ ⴷⴰⵢ ⴳ ⵜⵣⴷⵓⵖⵉⵏ ⵉⴹⴼⴰⵕⵏ ⵉ ⵉⵎⵙⴰⵙⴰⵜⵏ ⵉⴳⵔⴰⵖⵍⴰⵏⵏ, ⵏⵖ ⵖⵓⵔⵙ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵣⴰⵔⵓⴳ ⴰⵏⵉⵎⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ ⴰⵔ ⵢⵉⴷⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵖⴰⵡⵙⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵏⴱⴰⴹⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⴳⵔⴰⵖⵍⴰⵏⵉⵏ.
English: They are independently administrated jurisdictions, although the British Government is solely responsible for defense and international representation and has ultimate responsibility for ensuring good government.
Tamazight: ⴷ ⵜⵉⵏⴱⴰⴹⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵚⴰⴹⵓⴼⵉⵏ ⵉⵜⵜⴻⵜⵜⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵜⴰⵍⵖⴰ ⵜⴰⵏⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ, ⵡⴰⵅⵅⴰ ⵜⴱⴰⴹ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⴰⴱⵕⵉⵟⴰⵏⵉⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵃⵓⵣ ⴷ ⵓⵅⴼⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴰⴳⵔⴰⵖⵍⴰⵏ ⵜⴱⴰⴹ ⴰⵍⵜⵓ ⴳ ⵓⵃⵟⵟⵓ ⵏ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⵓⵖⴷⵉⵎⵜ.
English: No crown dependency has representation in the U.K. Parliament.
Tamazight: ⵓⵔ ⵉⵍⵍⵉ ⵓⴳⵏⵙⴻⵙ ⵏ ⵓⴹⴼⵓⵕ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵏⵉ ⴳ ⵓⴱⵕⵍⴰⵎⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⵉⵏⵓⵏⵏ.
English: New Zealand and its dependencies share the same governor-general and constitute one monarchic realm.
Tamazight: ⵜⵎⵓⵏ ⵏⵢⵓⵣⵉⵍⴰⵏⴷⴰ ⴷ ⵉⵏⴹⴼⵓⵕⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵏⴱⴱⴰⴹ ⴰⵎⴰⵜⵓ ⵜⴳ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ.
English: The mutually negotiated Covenant to Establish a Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI) in Political Union with the United States was approved in 1976.
Tamazight: ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵎⵙⴰⵙⴰ ⵅⴼ ⵡⴰⵔⵔⴰ ⵉ ⵜⵙⴽⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⴽⵓⵎⵓⵏⵡⵉⵍⵜⵏ ⵜⴳⵣⵉⵔⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵎⴰⵔⵢⴰⵏⴰ (CNMI) ⴳ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⵔⵜⴰⵏⵜ ⴳ ⵜⵡⵉⵍⴰⵢⴰⵜⵉⵏ ⵎⵓⵏⵏⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1976.
English: This is a constant source of ambiguity and confusion when trying to define, understand, and explain Puerto Rico's political relationship with the United States.
Tamazight: ⴰⵢⴰ ⴷ ⴰⵣⵓⵣⵔ ⵏ ⵓⵔⴱⴱⵊ ⴳ ⵢⵉⵔⵎ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵏⵎⵍ ⴷ ⵓⵔⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵙⴼⵔⵓ ⵏ ⵓⵣⴷⴰⵢ ⴰⵙⵔⵜⴰⵏ ⵏ ⴳⵔ ⴱⵓⵔⵜⵓⵔⵓⴽⵓ ⴷ ⵜⵡⵓⵍⴰⵢⴰⵜⵉⵏ ⵎⵓⵏⵏⵉⵏ.
English: However, the status of its "constituent countries" in the Caribbean (Aruba, Curaçao, and Sint Maarten) can be considered akin to dependencies or "associated non-independent states."
Tamazight: “ⵎⵖⴰⵔ, ⵏⵖⵢ ⴰⴷ ⵏⵉⵏⵉ ““ⵉⵡⴰⵏⴽⵏ ⴷⵉⴳⵙ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ”” ⴳ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵍⴻⵍ ⵏ ⴽⴰⵕⴰⵢⴱⵉ (ⵓⵕⵓⴱⴱⴰ, ⴷ ⴽⵓⵕⴰⵙⴰⵡ, ⴷ ⵙⴰⵏⵜ ⵎⴰⵔⵜⵉⵏ) ⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰⵏ ⵖⵔ ⵉⵎⴹⴼⵓⵕⵏ ⵏⵖ ““ⵉⵡⴰⵏⴽⵏ ⵉⴷ ⵡⴰⵔ ⴰⵣⴰⵔⵓⴳ ⵉⵣⴷⵉⵏ.”””
English: Borders are geographic boundaries, imposed either by geographic features such as oceans, or by arbitrary groupings of political entities such as governments, sovereign states, federated states, and other subnational entities.
Tamazight: ⵉⵡⵜⵜⴰ ⴷ ⵉⵡⵜⵜⴰ ⵉⵊⵖⵕⴼⵏ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⴳⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵎⵉⵜⴰⵔ ⵜⵉⵊⵖⵔⴰⴼⵉⵜⵉⵏ ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ ⵉⴳⴰⵔⴰⵡⵏ ⵏⵖ ⴷ ⵉⴳⵔⵡⵏ ⵉⵙⵔⵜⴰⵏⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵡⴰⵏⴽⵏ ⵉⴷ ⴱⵓ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵡⴰⵏⴽⵏ ⵉⴼⵉⴷⵉⵕⴰⵍⵉⵜⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵔⵓⴱⴱⴰ ⵉⴷ ⵡⴰⵔ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ.
English: Most external borders are partially or fully controlled, and may be crossed legally only at designated border checkpoints and border zones may be controlled.
Tamazight: ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⴱⴰⴹ ⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⵜⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵡⵜⵜⴰ ⵉⴱⵕⵕⴰⵏⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵎⴰⵜⴰ ⵏⵖ ⵙ ⵜⴷⵔⵙⵉ, ⴰⵔ ⴷⵉⴳⵙ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵍⵉ ⵓⵣⵔⵔⵓⵢ ⵙ ⵜⴰⵍⵖⴰ ⵜⴰⵥⵕⴼⴰⵏⵜ ⵏⵖ ⴰⵏⵙⵉⵡⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵏⵓⴱⴱⵛ ⵏ ⵉⵡⵜⵜⴰ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⴱⴰⴹ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵏⵙⵉⵡⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵡⵜⵜⴰ.
English: Most countries have some form of border control to regulate or limit the movement of people, animals, and goods into and out of the country.
Tamazight: ⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵡⴰⵏⴽⵏ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴰⵍⵖⴰ ⵏ ⵃⵟⵟⵓ ⵏ ⵉⵡⵜⵜⴰ ⵉ ⵓⵙⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⴷ ⵓⴽⵔⴰⴼ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵓⵙⵙⵓ ⵏ ⵎⴷⴷⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵎⵓⴷⴰⵔ ⴰⴳⵏⵙⵓ ⴷ ⴱⵕⵕⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ.
English: To stay or work within a country's borders aliens (foreign persons) may need special immigration documents or permits; but possession of such documents does not guarantee that the person should be allowed to cross the border.
Tamazight: ⵉ ⵉⵖⵉⵎⵉ ⵏⵖ ⵓⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⴰⴳⵏⵙⵓ ⵏ ⵉⵡⵜⵜⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵡⴰⵏⴽ, ⵉⵖⵢ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⵔ ⵓⴱⵕⵕⴰⵏ (ⵎⴷⴷⵏ ⴰⵢⵜ ⴱⵕⵕⴰ) ⵜⵉⵏⵜⴰⵎⵉⵏ ⵏⵖ ⴰⵔⵔⴰⵜⵏ ⵉⵎⵥⵍⴰⵢ ⵙ ⵜⵣⵡⴰⴳⵜ; ⵎⴰⴽⴰ ⵉⵍⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵏⵜⴰⵎⵉⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵓⵔ ⴷⴰ ⴰⵙ ⵜⴰⴽⴽⴰ ⵉ ⵓⴼⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⵣⵔⴰⵢ ⴳ ⵉⵡⵜⵜⴰ.
English: Most countries prohibit carrying illegal drugs or endangered animals across their borders.
Tamazight: ⵉⵜⵜⵡⴰⴳⴷⵍ ⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⵜⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵡⴰⵏⴽⵏ ⵢⵉⵙⵢ ⵏ ⵉⵙⴷⵓⵀⴷⵓⵜⵏ ⵉⴳⴷⵍ ⵓⵚⴰⴹⵓⴼ ⵏⵖ ⵉⵎⵓⴷⴰⵔ ⵉⴽⴽⴰⵏ ⴰⵜⵜⴰⵢ ⵉ ⵓⴼⵓⴽⴽⵓ ⴳ ⵉⵡⵜⵜⴰ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ.
English: In places where smuggling, migration, and infiltration are a problem, many countries fortify borders with fences and barriers, and institute formal border control procedures.
Tamazight: ⴳ ⵉⴷⵖⴰⵔⵏ ⴳ ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⵎⵓⵜⵜⵢ ⴷ ⵜⵣⵡⴰⴳⵜ ⴷⴰ ⵜⵜⴳⴳⴰⵏ ⵉⵡⴰⵍⴽⵏ ⴰⴼⵔⴰⴳ ⵏ ⵉⵡⵜⵜⴰ ⵙ ⵉⵙⵍⵉⵡⵏ ⵏⵖ ⵙ ⵡⵓⵣⵣⴰⵍ, ⴰⵔ ⴷⵉⴳⵙ ⵜⵜⵉⵍⵉⵏⵜ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴼⵔⴽⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵓⵏⵚⵉⴱⵉⵏ ⵉ ⵃⵟⵟⵓ ⵏ ⵉⵡⵜⵜⴰ.
English: This is common in countries within the European Schengen Area and on rural sections of the Canada–United States border.
Tamazight: ⴰⵙⴽⴽⵉⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴳⴳⵓⴷⵢ ⴳ ⵜⵎⵉⵣⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵏⵙⵓ ⵛⵉⵏⴳⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵕⵓⴱⴱⴰ ⴷ ⴳ ⵉⴳⵣⵣⵓⵎⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴳⴰⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵡⵜⵜⴰ ⵏ ⴳⵔ ⴽⴰⵏⴰⴷⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵡⵉⵍⴰⵢⴰⵜⵉⵏ ⵎⵓⵏⵏⵉⵏ.
English: Rivers: some political borders have been formalized along natural borders formed by rivers.
Tamazight: ⵉⵙⴰⴼⴼⵏ: ⵉⵜⵜⵓⴼⴽⴰ ⵡⵓⴷⵎ ⵓⵏⵚⵉⴱ ⵉ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵡⵜⵜⴰ ⵉⵙⵔⵜⴰⵏⵏ ⵅⴼ ⵜⴰⵖⵣⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴳⴰⵎⴰ ⵙⵙⴽⵔⵏ ⵉⵙⴰⴼⴼⵏ.
English: In the Hebrew Bible, Moses defined the middle of the river Arnon as the border between Moab and the Israelite tribes settling east of the Jordan.
Tamazight: ⴳ ⵓⴷⵍⵉⵙ ⵏ ⵡⵓⴷⴰⵢⵏ, ⵉⴳⴰ ⵎⵓⵙⴰ ⴰⵙⵉⴼ ⵏ ⴰⵕⵏⵓⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵡⵜⵜⴰ ⵏ ⴳⵔ ⵎⵓⵡⴰⴱ ⴷ ⵜⵇⴱⵉⵍⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵙⵔⴰⵢⵉⵍⵉⵏ ⵉⵣⴷⵖⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵏⵇⵇⵔ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵙⵉⴼ ⵏ ⵓⵔⴷⵓⵏ.
English: Examples are Lake Tanganyika, with the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Zambia on its west shore and Tanzania and Burundi on the east; and the Great Lakes which form a substantial part of the border between Canada and the United States.
Tamazight: ⵙ ⵉⵎⴷⵢⴰⵜⵏ ⴰⴳⵍⵎⴰⵎ ⵜⴰⵏⴳⴰⵏⵢⵉⴽⴰ, ⴷ ⵜⴳⴷⵓⴷⴰ ⴽⵓⵏⴳⵓ ⵜⴰⴷⵉⵎⵓⵇⵔⴰⵟⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵣⴰⵎⴱⵢⴰ ⴷ ⵓⴼⵜⴰⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵖⵍⵍⵓⵢ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵏⵣⴰⵏⵢⴰ ⴷ ⴱⵓⵕⵓⵏⴷⵉ ⴷ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴳⵣⵣⵓⵎ ⴰⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵉⵡⵜⵜⴰ ⵏ ⴳⵔ ⴽⴰⵏⴰⴷⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵡⵉⵍⴰⵢⴰⵜⵉⵏ ⵎⵓⵏⵏⵉⵏ.
English: Mountain ranges: Many nations have their political borders defined along mountain ranges, often along a drainage divide.
Tamazight: ⴰⵙⵔⵔⴰⵔⵓ ⵏ ⵉⴷⵓⵔⴰⵔ: ⵖⵓⵔ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵡⴰⵏⴽⵏ ⵉⵡⵜⵜⴰ ⵉⵙⵔⵜⴰⵏⵏ ⵅⴼ ⵜⴰⵖⵣⵉ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵔⵔⴰⵔⵓ ⵏ ⵉⴷⵓⵔⴰⵔ, ⵙ ⵓⵎⴰⵜⴰ ⵅⴼ ⵜⴰⵖⵣⵉ ⵏ ⴷⵉⵏⵏⴰ ⵙ ⵓⵡⵉⵏ ⵉⴷⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⴰⵎⴰⵏ.
English: One example is the defensive forest created by China's Song Dynasty in the eleventh century.
Tamazight: ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⴷⵢⴰ ⵅⴼ ⵓⵢⴰ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵙ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴳⴰⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵔⴰⵢ ⵜⵙⴽⴰ ⵜⵡⴰⵛⵓⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵙⵓⵏⴳ ⵜⴰⵚⵉⵏⵉⵜ ⴳ ⵜⵙⵓⵜⴰ ⵜⵉⵙ ⵙⵉⵎⵔⴰⵡ ⴷ ⵢⴰⵏ.
English: For instance, the boundary between East and West Germany is no longer an international boundary, but it can still be seen because of historical markers on the landscape, and it is still a cultural and economic division in Germany.
Tamazight: ⵙ ⵓⵎⴷⵢⴰ, ⵓⵔ ⵢⴰⴷ ⴳⵉⵏ ⵉⵡⵜⵜⴰ ⵏ ⴳⵔ ⴰⵍⵎⴰⵏⵢⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵇⵇⵔ ⴷ ⴰⵍⵎⴰⵏⵢⴰ ⴷ ⵓⵖⵍⵍⵓⵢ ⴰⵡⵜⵜⴰ ⴰⴳⵔⴰⵖⵍⴰⵏ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵉⵙⵓⵍ ⵉⵖⵢ ⴰⴷ ⵜ ⵏⵉⵏⵏⵢ ⵙ ⵓⵎⵏⵜⵉⵍ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵜⴰⵔⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵏⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵡⵓⴷⵎ ⵏ ⵜⴳⴰⵎⴰ, ⵜⵙⴰⵍ ⵜⴱⴹⴰ ⴳ ⵜⴷⵍⵙⴰ ⴷ ⵜⴷⴰⵎⵙⴰ ⴳ ⴰⵍⵎⴰⵏⵢⴰ.
English: Maritime borders exist in the context of territorial waters, contiguous zones, and exclusive economic zones; however, the terminology does not encompass lake or river boundaries, which are considered within the context of land boundaries.
Tamazight: ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⵉⵡⵜⵜⴰ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵍⴻⵍ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵎⴰⵏ ⵉⵏⵎⵏⴰⴹⵏ ⴷ ⵡⴰⵏⵙⵉⵡⵏ ⵉⴷⴰⵎⵙⴰⵏⵏ; ⵡⴰⵅⵅⴰ ⵓⵔ ⴽⵛⵉⵎⵏ ⴷⵉⴳⵙ ⵉⵔⵎⵎⵓⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵡⵜⵜⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵍⵎⴰⵎ ⴷ ⵉⵙⴰⴼⴼⵏ, ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵉⵡⵜⵜⴰ ⵏ ⵡⴰⴽⴰⵍ.
English: Airspace extends 12 nautical miles from the coast of a country and it holds responsibility for protecting its own airspace unless under NATO peacetime protection.
Tamazight: ⴳ ⵢⵉⴳⵔ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵢⵔⴰⵔ ⴷⵉⴳⵙ 12 ⵎⵉⵍ ⴳ ⵢⵉⵍⴻⵍ ⴳ ⵓⴼⵜⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⵖⵉⴼⵙ ⴰⵃⵟⵟⵓ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴰⵢⵔⴰⵔ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵎⴽ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵍⵍⵉ ⴷⴷⴰⵡ ⵃⵟⵟⵓ ⵏ ⵏⵏⴰⵜⵓ ⴳ ⵡⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵓⴼⵔⴰ.
English: However, there is a general agreement of vertical airspace ending at the point of the Kármán line.
Tamazight: ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⵓⵎⵙⴰⵙⴰ ⴰⵎⴰⵜⵓ ⵅⴼ ⵓⵙⴰⵢⵔⴰⵔ ⵉⴱⴷⴷⴰⵏ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⴼⵓⴽⴽⵓ ⴳ ⵜⵏⵇⵇⵉⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵣⴳⵉⴳⵉ ⵏ ⴽⴰⵔⵎⴰⵏ.
English: Overall border regulations are placed by national and local governments and can vary depending on nation and current political or economic conditions.
Tamazight: ⴷⴰ ⵜⵜⵓⴳⴰⵏ ⵡⵓⵎⵓⵖⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵡⵜⵜⴰ ⵉⵎⴰⵜⵓⵜⵏ ⵙ ⵓⴼⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵜⴷⵖⴰⵔⵉⵏ ⵖⵉⵏⵜ ⴰⴷ ⴱⴹⵓⵏⵜ ⵅⴼ ⵓⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵏⴷⵉⵜⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵙⵔⵜⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵏⵖ ⴷ ⵜⵉⴷⴰⵎⵙⴰⵜⵉⵏ.
English: Working across borders – Harnessing the potential of cross-border activities to improve livelihood security in the Horn of Africa drylands .
Tamazight: ⵜⴰⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵅⴼ ⵉⵡⵜⵜⴰ – ⵜⵉⴽⴽⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵍⴰⵍ ⵅⴼ ⵉⵡⵜⵜⴰ ⵉ ⵓⵙⵖⵓⴷⵓ ⵏ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⴳ ⵉⴽⴰⵍⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵖⴰⵔⵜ ⴳ ⵢⵉⵙⴽ ⵏ ⵉⴼⵔⵉⵇⵢⴰ.
English: Human economic traffic across borders (apart from kidnapping) may involve mass commuting between workplaces and residential settlements.
Tamazight: ⵉⵖⵢ ⴰⴷ ⵢⵉⵍⵉ ⵓⵎⵓⵙⵙⵓ ⵏ ⵜⵙⴱⴱⴰⴱⵜ ⵜⴰⴷⵎⵙⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴼⴳⴰⵏⵜ ⵅⴼ ⵉⵡⵜⵜⴰ (ⵓⵔ ⵉⴳⵉⵏ ⴰⵖⴱⴱⵔ) ⴳ ⵓⵎⵓⴷⴷⵓ ⴰⵎⴰⵜⵓ ⵉⵏⴳⵔ ⵡⴰⵏⵙⵉⵡⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⴷ ⵜⵣⴷⵓⵖⵉⵏ.
English: It can enable and stop movement, across as well as along borders.
Tamazight: ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⵜⵣⵎⵔⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵊⵊ ⵏⵖ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⴱⴷⴷ ⵓⵎⵓⵙⵙⵓ ⴳ ⵉⵡⵜⵜⴰ ⵏⵖ ⵖⵉⴼⵙⵏ.
English: Many cross-border regions are also active in encouraging intercultural communication and dialogue as well as cross-border economic development strategies.
Tamazight: ⴷⴰ ⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉⵏ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵉⵏ ⵉⵣⵔⵔⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵉⵡⵜⵜⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴱⵖⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵢⴰⵡⴰⴹ ⵉⵏⴳⵔ ⵜⴷⵍⵙⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵎⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴷ ⵜⵙⵜⵕⴰⵜⵉⵊⵉⵜⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵉⴳⵎⵉ ⵜⴰⴷⴰⵎⵙⴰⵏⵜ ⵅⴼ ⵉⵡⵜⵜⴰ.
English: Since its conception in the mid-80's, this artistic practice has assisted in the development of questions surrounding homeland, borders, surveillance, identity, race, ethnicity, and national origin(s).
Tamazight: ⵙⴳ ⵡⵓⴼⵓⵖ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ ⵓⵣⴳⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙⵏ 80 ⵉⵜⴰⵎⵔⴰⵡⵏ, ⵓⵡⵙⵏⵜ ⵜⵖⴰⵔⵙⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵏⴰⵥⵓⵕⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴱⵓⵖⵍⵓ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵇⵙⵉⵜⵏ ⵉⵙⵜⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵡⴰⵎⵓⵔ, ⴷ ⵉⵡⵜⵜⴰ, ⴷ ⵓⵃⵟⵟⵓ, ⴷ ⵜⵎⴰⴳⵉⵜ, ⴷ ⵓⵥⵓⵕ, ⴷ ⵜⴻⵜⵏⵉⵢⵜ, ⴷ ⵓⵥⵓⵕ ⵏⵖ ⵉⵥⵓⵕⴰⵏ ⵉⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔⵏ.
English: Borders can include but are not limited to language, culture, social and economic class, religion, and national identity.
Tamazight: ⵜⴽⵛⵎ ⴳ ⵉⵡⵜⵜⴰ, ⵙ ⵓⵎⴷⵢⴰ, ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⴷ ⵜⴷⵍⵙⴰ ⴷ ⵜⴼⵔⴽⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵏⵜ ⴷ ⵜⴷⴰⵎⵙⴰⵏⵜ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵖⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵎⴰⴳⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ.
English: These artists are often "border crossers" themselves.
Tamazight: “ⵉⵏⴰⵥⵓⵕⵏ ⴰⴷ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵉⴽⴽⴰⵍ ⴰⵢⴷ ⴳⴰⵏ ““ⵉⵏⴰⴱⴱⴰⵢⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵡⵜⵜⴰ”” ⵙ ⵉⵅⴼⴰⵡⵏ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ.”
English: In general, a rural area or a countryside is a geographic area that is located outside towns and cities.
Tamazight: ⵙ ⵜⴰⵍⵖⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵜⵓⵜ, ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴳⴰⵎⴰ ⵏⵖ ⵜⴰⴳⴰⵎⴰ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⵊⵖⵔⴰⴼⵜ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴱⵕⵕⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵖⵔⵎⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵉⵏ.
English: Typical rural areas have a low population density and small settlements.
Tamazight: ⵜⵉⵎⵏⴰⴹⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴳⴰⵎⴰ ⵜⵉⵎⴷⵢⴰⵜⵉⵏ ⵎⵉ ⵖⵓⵔ ⵜⴰⵏⵥⵥⵉ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ ⵉⴷⵔⵓⵙⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵣⴷⵓⵖⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⵥⵥⵢⴰⵏⵉⵏ.
English: Predominantly urban regions have less than 15 percent of their population living in a rural community.
Tamazight: ⵜⵉⵎⵏⴰⴹⵉⵏ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵙⵙⵏⵏ ⵙ ⵜⴰⵍⵖⴰ ⵜⴰⵖⵔⵎⴰⵏⵜ ⴷⴰ ⴷⵉⴳⵙ ⵜⵜⵉⴷⵉⵔⵏ ⵡⴰⵜⵜⴰⵢ ⵏ 15 ⴳ ⵜⵎⵉⴹⵉ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ ⵜⴳⴰⵎⴰ.
English: Rural northern regions are predominantly rural census divisions that are found either entirely or mostly above the following lines of parallel in each province: Newfoundland and Labrador, 50th; Quebec 54th; Ontario, 54th; Manitoba, 53rd; Saskatchewan, Alberta and British Columbia, 54th.
Tamazight: ⵜⵉⵎⵏⴰⴹⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴳⴰⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵥⵥⵍⵎⴹ ⴳⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⵉⴳⵣⵣⵓⵎⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴳⴰⵎⴰ ⴽⵓⵍⵍⵓ ⵏⵖ ⵙ ⵓⵎⴰⵜⴰ ⵍⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⵅⴼ ⵉⵣⴳⵉⴳⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵉⵏ ⵏ : ⵏⵢⵓⴼⴰⵡⵏⵍⴰⵏⴷ ⴷ ⵍⴰⴱⵔⴰⴷⵓⵔ, ⵜⵉⵙ 50; ⴽⵉⴱⵉⴽ ⵜⵉⵙ 54; ⵓⵏⵜⴰⵔⵢⵓ, ⵜⵉⵙ 54; ⵎⴰⵏⵉⵜⵓⴱⴰ, ⵜⵉⵙ 53; ⵙⴰⵙⴽⴰⵜⵛⵉⵡⴰⵏ, ⴰⵍⴱⵉⵔⵜⴰ ⴷ ⴽⵓⵍⵓⵎⴱⵢⴰ ⵜⴰⴱⵕⵉⵟⴰⵏⵉⵜ, ⵜⵉⵙ 54.
English: The U.S. Census Bureau, the USDA's Economic Research Service, and the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) have come together to help define rural areas.
Tamazight: ⵉⵎⵓⵏ ⵓⵙⵉⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵉⴹⵏ ⴰⵎⵉⵔⵉⴽⴰⵏⵉ, ⴷ ⵓⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵏ ⵉⵔⵣⵣⵓⵜⵏ ⵉⴷⴰⵎⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵎⴰⵡⴰⵙⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴽⵔⵣⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵉⵔⵉⴽⴰⵏⵉⵜ, ⴷ ⵓⵙⵉⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴷⴱⵍⵜ ⴷ ⵉⵇⴰⵕⵉⴹⵏ (OMB) ⵎⴰⵕⵕⴰ ⵉ ⵢⵉⵡⵙ ⵅⴼ ⵢⵉⴼⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴳⴰⵎⴰ.
English: The 2002 farm bill (P.L. 107–171, Sec.
Tamazight: ⵜⴰⴼⴰⵜⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴽⵔⴰⵣ ⵉ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 2002 (P.L. 107–171, Sec.
English: According to the handbook, Definitions of Rural: A Handbook for Health Policy Makers and Researchers, "Residents of metropolitan counties are generally thought to have easy access to the relatively concentrated health services of the county's central areas.
Tamazight: ⵙ ⵜⵓⵎⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵍⵉⵙⵜ, ⵉⵙⵏⵎⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵜⴳⴰⵎⴰ: ⵜⴰⴷⵍⵉⵙⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴳⵜⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵔⵜⵉⵜⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⴷⵓⵙⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵎⵔⵣⵓⵜⵏ, ““ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵖⵔⵎⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵖⵓⵔⵙⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵎⴰⵜⴰ ⵜⴰⵣⵎⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵡⴹ ⵖⵔ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⴷⵓⵙⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵉⴳⴳⵓⴷⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵏⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ.”
English: This became the Goldsmith Modification definition of rural. "
Tamazight: “ⵉⴳⴰ ⵓⵙⵏⵎⵍ ⴰⴷ ⴼⴼⵉⵔ ⴰⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⵏ ⴳⵓⵍⴷⵙⵎⵉⵜ ⵉ ⵓⵔⵎⵎⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵜⴳⴰⵎⴰ.”””
English: President Emmanuel Macron government launched an action plan in 2019 in favour for rural areas named "Agenda Rural".
Tamazight: “ⵜⴼⴽⴰ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵙⵙⵉⵅⴼ ⵉⵎⴰⵏⵡⵉⵍ ⵎⴰⴽⵕⵓⵏ ⴰⵙⵖⵉⵡⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 2019 ⵉ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴳⴰⵎⴰ ⵎⵉ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⴼⴽⴰ ⵡⴰⵙⵙⴰⵖ ⵏ ““ⴰⵊⵉⵏⴷⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴳⴰⵎⴰ””.”
English: In Scotland a different definition of rural is used.
Tamazight: ⴳ ⵙⴽⵓⵜⵍⴰⵏⴷⴰ, ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵓⵙⵏⵎⵍ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ ⵉ ⵜⴳⴰⵎⴰ.
English: RBI defines rural areas as those areas with a population of less than 49,000 (tier -3 to tier-6 cities).
Tamazight: ⵉⴼⴽⴰ RBI ⴰⵙⵏⵎⵍ ⵉ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴳⴰⵎⴰ ⵉⵙ ⴳⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⵉⵎⵏⴰⴹⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵉⵣⴷⵖ ⴷⴷⴰⵡ ⵏ 49000 (ⵙⴳ ⵓⵙⵡⵉⵔ ⵏ -3 ⴰⵔ ⵜⵉⵎⴷⵉⵏⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵡⵉⵔ ⵡⵉⵙ 6).
English: Rural areas in Pakistan that are near cities are considered as suburban areas or suburbs.
Tamazight: ⴳⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴳⴰⵎⴰ ⴳ ⴱⴰⴽⵉⵙⵜⴰⵏ ⵜⵉⴷ ⵉⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⴷⵉⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⴷⴰⵡⵖⵔⵎⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵏⵖ ⴷ ⵜⵉⴷⴰⵡⵖⵔⵎ.
English: Suburbs might have their own political or legal jurisdiction, especially in the United States, but this is not always the case, especially in the United Kingdom where most suburbs are located within the administrative boundaries of cities.
Tamazight: ⵉⵖⵢ ⴰⴷ ⵢⵉⵍⵉ ⵖⵓⵔ ⵜⵡⵏⵏⴰⴹ ⵡⴰⵜⵉⴳ ⵏⵏⵙⵏⵜ ⴰⵙⵔⵜⴰⵏ ⵏⵖ ⴷ ⴰⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏ, ⵍⵓⵎⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵡⵉⵍⴰⵢⴰⵜⵉⵏ ⵎⵓⵏⵏⵉⵏ, ⵎⴰⴽⴰ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵎⴽ ⵉ ⴰⵀⴰ, ⵍⵓⵎⵏ ⴳ ⵜⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⵉⵎⵓⵏⵏ ⴳ ⵍⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⵡⵏⵏⴰⴹ ⴰⴳⵏⵙⵓ ⵏ ⵉⵡⵜⵜⴰ ⵉⴷⴱⵍⴰⵏⵏ ⵉ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵉⵏ.
English: In others, such as Morocco, France, and much of the United States, many suburbs remain separate municipalities or are governed locally as part of a larger metropolitan area such as a county, district or borough.
Tamazight: ⴳ ⵜⵉⵢⵢⴰⴹ ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ ⴰⵎⵓⵕⴰⴽⵓⵛ ⴷ ⴼⵕⴰⵏⵙⴰ ⴷ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵡⵓⵙⵙⵉⴼ ⴰⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔ ⴳ ⵜⵡⵉⵍⴰⵢⴰⵜⵉⵏ ⵎⵓⵏⵏⵉⵏ, ⴳⴰⵏⵜ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵏⵏⴰⴹ ⵜⵉⴳⵔⴰⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵖⵔⵎⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵉⵙⵜⵉⵏ ⴰⵙ ⵙⵙⵓⴷⵓⵏⵜ ⴰⴳⵏⵙⵓ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⴰⵖⵔⵎⴰⵏⵜ ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ ⵜⴰⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ.
English: The terms inner suburb and outer suburb are used to differentiate between the higher-density areas in proximity to the city centre (which would not be referred to as 'suburbs' in most other countries), and the lower-density suburbs on the outskirts of the urban area.
Tamazight: ⴷⴰ ⵏⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵉⵔⵎⵎⵓⵙⵏ ⵜⴰⵡⵏⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵏⵙⵓ ⴷ ⵜⵡⵏⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⴱⵕⵕⴰ ⵉ ⵡⴰⴷ ⵏⴱⴹⵓ ⴳⵔ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⵜⴰⵏⵥⵥⵉ ⵜⴰⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ (ⵎⵉ ⵖⵓⵔ ⴰⵙⵙⴰⵖ ⵏ “ⵜⴰⵡⵏⵏⴰⴹⵜ” ⴳ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵉⵣⴰⵔ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ), ⴷ ⵜⵡⵏⵏⴰⴹ ⵎⵉ ⵖⵓⵔ ⵜⴰⵏⵥⵥⵉ ⵉⴷⵔⵓⵙⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵡⵏⵏⴰⴹ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵏⵙⴰ ⴰⵖⵔⵎⴰⵏ.
English: In New Zealand, most suburbs are not legally defined, which can lead to confusion as to where they may begin and end.
Tamazight: ⴳ ⵏⵢⵓⵣⵉⵍⴰⵏⴷⴰ, ⵓⵔ ⵜⵜⵓⵙⵏⵎⵍⵏ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵏⵙⵉⵡⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵏⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵙ ⵜⴰⵍⵖⴰ ⵜⴰⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏⵜ, ⴰⵢⵏⵏⴰ ⴷ ⵢⴰⴽⴽⴰⵏ ⴰⵔⴱⴱⵊ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵏⵙⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵙⵙⵏⵓ ⴷ ⵡⴰⵏⵙⴰ ⴳ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⴼⵓⴽⴽⵓ.
English: The word suburbani was first employed by the Roman statesman Cicero in reference to the large villas and estates built by the wealthy patricians of Rome on the city's outskirts.
Tamazight: ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵡⵓⵔⴰ ⵢⵉⵔⵎ ⴰⴷⴰⵡⵖⵔⵎⴰⵏ ⵜⵉⴽⴽⵍⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⵙ ⵢⵉⵍⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵔⴳⴰⵣ ⵏ ⵓⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⴰⵕⵓⵎⴰⵏⵉ ⵛⵉⵛⵕⵓⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵙⴽⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴼⵉⵍⵍⴰⵜⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵉⴽⴰⵍⵏ ⵉⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔⵏ ⵙⴽⴰⵏ ⵉⵔⵉⵙⵜⵓⵇⵕⴰⵟⵉⵜⵏ ⵉⵊⵊⵉⵡⵏⵏ ⴳ ⵕⵓⵎⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ.
English: By the mid-19th century, the first major suburban areas were springing up around London as the city (then the largest in the world) became more overcrowded and unsanitary.
Tamazight: ⴳ ⵢⵓⵡⴹ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵓⵜⴰ ⵜⵉⵙ 19, ⴼⴼⵖⵏⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵏⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⵉⴷⵙⵍⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⵜⵉⵏⵜ ⵉ ⵍⵓⵏⴷⵓⵏ ⴰⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ (ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⴳ ⵜⵉⵅⵅⵉⵜⵔⵜ ⴽⵓⴷ ⴰⵏⵏ) ⵜⴽⵜⴰⵔ ⵓⵍⴰ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⴷⵓⵙⴰⵏⵜ.
English: The line reached Harrow in 1880.
Tamazight: ⵉⴳⵓⵍⴰ ⵏⵏ ⵓⵣⴳⵉⴳⵉ ⵖⵔ ⵀⴰⵔⵔⵓⵡ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1880.
English: The Met's marketing department coined the term "Metro-land" in 1915 when the Guide to the Extension Line became the Metro-land guide, priced at 1d.
Tamazight: ⵉⵙⴽⴰ ⵓⴳⵣⵣⵓⵎ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴷⵣ ⴳ ⵎⵉⵜ ⴰⵔⵎⵎⵓⵙ ⵏ ““ⵎⵉⵜⵔⵓⵍⴰⵏⴷ”” ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1915 ⴰⵢⵏⵏⴰ ⵢⴰⵖⵓⵍ ⵓⵏⵎⵎⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵓⵣⴳⵉⴳ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵙⵙⵉⵡⴹ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜ ⵎⵉⵜⵔⵓⵍⴰⵏⴷ, ⵙ 1 ⵡⴰⵙⵙ.”
English: In part, this was a response to the shocking lack of fitness amongst many recruits during World War One, attributed to poor living conditions; a belief summed up in a housing poster of the period "you cannot expect to get an A1 population out of C3 homes" – referring to military fitness classifications of the period.
Tamazight: ⵉⴳ ⵓⵢⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵔⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⵅⴼ ⵓⵏⵏⴳⵣⵓ ⴰⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔ ⴳ ⵜⴷⵓⵙⵉ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵉⵙⵔⴷⴰⵙⵏ ⴳ ⵉⵎⵏⵖⵉ ⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ, ⵙ ⵓⵎⵏⵜⵉⵍ ⵏ ⵡⴰⴷⴷⴰⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ, ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⴳⵍ ⵙ ⵓⵣⴳⵣⵍ ⴳ ⵡⵓⵙⵍⵉⵖ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ ⴳ ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ““ⵓⵔ ⵜⵜⴷⵎⵓⴷ ⵓⴼⵓⵖ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ ⵙⴳ ⵜⴼⵔⴽⵜ A1 ⵙⴳ ⵜⴰⴷⴷⵓⵔⵉⵏ C3”” –ⵙ ⵡⵓⵖⵓⵍ ⵖⵔ ⴱⵟⵟⵓ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵓⵙⵉ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵔⴷⴰⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⴰⵏⵏ.”
English: The Report also legislated on the required, minimum standards necessary for further suburban construction; this included regulation on the maximum housing density and their arrangement and it even made recommendations on the ideal number of bedrooms and other rooms per house.
Tamazight: ⵉⵎⴽⵉⵏⵏⴰ ⴷ ⵉⴼⴼⵖ ⵓⵏⵇⵇⵉⵙ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵍⴳⴰⵏ ⵉⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍⵏ ⵅⴼ ⵜⵎⵉⵜⴰⵔ ⵉⵅⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⵉⵛⵉⵍⵏ ⵉ ⵓⵔⵏⵓ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵙⴽⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵉⵏ; ⴳ ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⵓⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⵓⵎⵓⴷⵔⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵏⵥⵥⵉ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ, ⵉⴼⴽ ⴰⵍⵜⵓ ⵉⵏⴰⴹⵏ ⵅⴼ ⵓⵎⴹⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵚⵉⵕⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵓⴷⴷⵎ ⴷ ⵜⵎⵚⵉⵕⵉⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ ⵏ ⴽⵓ ⵜⵉⴳⵎⵎⵉ.
English: Within just a decade suburbs dramatically increased in size.
Tamazight: ⴳ ⵎⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⴷⴰⵢ, ⵜⵔⵏⴰ ⵙ ⵜⴰⵍⵖⴰ ⵜⴰⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔⵜ ⵜⵡⵏⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⴳ ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴰ.
English: Levittown developed as a major prototype of mass-produced housing.
Tamazight: ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⴱⵓⵖⵍⴰ ⵍⵉⴼⵉⵜⴰⵡⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴳ ⴰⵎⴷⵢⴰ ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ ⴰⴷⵙⵍⴰⵏ ⵉ ⵜⵣⴷⵓⵖⵜ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⴼⴰⵔⵙⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵎⴰⵎⴽⵜ ⵜⴰⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔⵜ.
English: Shopping for different goods and services in one central location without having to travel to multiple locations, helped to keep shopping centers a component of these newly designed suburbs which were booming in population.
Tamazight: ⵢⵓⵡⵙ ⴰⵙⴳⴷⵣ ⴳ ⵢⵉⵍⵉ ⵏ ⵎⴰ ⴰⵢ ⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵖⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵡⴰⵏⴰⵡⵏ ⵏⵏⵙⵏⵜ ⴳ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵡⴰⵏⵙⴰ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⴱⵍⴰ ⴰⵎⵓⴷⴷⵓ ⵖⵔ ⵡⴰⵏⵙⵉⵡⵏ ⵉⴳⴳⵓⴷⵉⵏ, ⴰⴷ ⴳⵉⵏ ⵡⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴷⵣ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵉⴼⵔⴷⵉⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵉⵏ ⵎⵉ ⵉⵎⴽ ⴷⴰⵢ ⵍⵍⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⴷ ⴳ ⴳⴳⵓⴷⵉⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ.
English: The Highway Act of 1956 helped to fund the building of 64,000 kilometers across the nation by having $26 thousand-million to use, which helped to link many more to these shopping centers with ease.
Tamazight: ⵢⵓⵡⵙ ⵉ ⵓⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴱⵔⵉⴷ ⴰⵙⴷⴷⵔⴰⴼ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1956 ⴳ ⵜⵉⴽⴽⵉ ⵏ ⵉⵇⴰⵔⵉⴹⵏ ⵉ ⵜⵉⵙⴽⵉ ⵏ 64,000 ⵏ ⵉⴽⵉⵍⵓⵎⵉⵜⵕⵏ ⵅⴼ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⵙ ⵓⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉⵉ ⵏ 26 ⵏ ⵢⵉⴼⴹⵏ ⵏ ⵉⴷ ⵎⵍⵢⵓⵏ ⴷⵓⵍⴰⵕ, ⴰⵢⵏⵏⴰ ⴷ ⵢⵓⵡⵙⵏ ⵉ ⵓⵣⴷⴰⵢ ⴰⴽⴷ ⵡⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴷⵣ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵙⴷⴷⵔⴼ.
English: Some suburbs had developed around large cities where there was rail transportation to the jobs downtown.
Tamazight: ⵢⵉⵜⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵉⵏ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵏ ⵉ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔⵉⵏ ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⵖⵓⵔⵙⵏⵜ ⵡⴰⵙⵙⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵓⴱⵔⵉⴷ ⵏ ⵡⵓⵣⵣⴰⵍ ⴰⵔ ⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ ⵏⵏⵙⵏⵜ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ.
English: The product was a great housing boom.
Tamazight: ⵉⴳⴰ ⵓⴼⴰⵔⵙ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵙⵓⴼⵖⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵣⴷⵓⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵅⴰⵜⵔⵜ.
English: With 16 million eligible veterans, the opportunity to buy a house was suddenly at hand.
Tamazight: ⵙ ⵢⵉⵍⵉ ⵏ 16 ⵎⵍⵢⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵔⴷⴰⵙⵏ ⵉⵇⴱⵓⵔⵏ, ⵜⴳⴰ ⵎⵙⵖⵉⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵎⵎⵉ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵖⴰⵡⵙⴰ ⵉⵔⵅⴰⵏ ⵛⵉⴳⴰⵏ.
English: Developers purchased empty land just outside the city, installed tract houses based on a handful of designs, and provided streets and utilities, or local public officials race to build schools.
Tamazight: ⵙⵖⴰⵏ ⵉⵏⵙⴱⵓⵖⵍⴰ ⴰⴽⴰⵍ ⵢⵓⵔⴰⵏ ⴱⵕⵕⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ, ⵙⵙⵓⴷⵙⵏ ⴷⵉⴳⵙ ⵜⵉⴳⵯⵎⵎⴰ ⵉⵙⴽⴰⵏ ⵅⴼ ⵉⵎⵉⴽ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵀⵉⵍⵏ, ⵙⵙⴽⵔⵏ ⵉⵙⵓⴽⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵖⵎⵔⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⴰⵔ ⵜⵜⵏⴰⵖⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵙⴽⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵏⵎⴰⵍ.
English: Veterans could get one with a much lower down payment.
Tamazight: ⵖⵉⵏ ⵉⵙⵔⴷⴰⵙⵏ ⵉⵇⴱⵓⵔⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵍⵉⵏ ⵢⴰⵜ ⴳ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵉⴽⴽⵍⵜ.
English: The growth of the suburbs was facilitated by the development of zoning laws, redlining and numerous innovations in transport.
Tamazight: ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵀⵡⵏ ⵓⴱⵓⵖⵍⵓ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵉⵏ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵏ ⵉ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⵙ ⵓⵙⴱⵓⵖⵍⵓ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵍⴳⴰⵏ ⵉⴱⵟⵟⵓⵏ ⴰⵏⵙⵉⵡⵏ, ⴰⵔ ⵜⵜⴰⵍⵙⵏ ⵉ ⵓⵙⵖⵉⵡⵙ ⵏ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵡⴰⴼⵉⵜⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵢⵉⴳⵔ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵙⵙⴰⵢ.
English: African-Americans and other people of color largely remained concentrated within decaying cores of urban poverty.
Tamazight: ⵇⵇⵉⵎⴰⵏ ⵉⵎⵉⵔⵉⴽⴰⵏⵉⵜⵏ ⵏ ⵉⴼⵔⵉⵇⵢⴰ ⴷ ⵡⵉⵢⵢⴰⴹ ⵉⴽⵯⵍⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵎⴰⵜⴰ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵏⵙⵉⵡⵏ ⵉⴽⵜⴰⵔⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵥⵍⴰⴹ ⴰⵖⵔⵎⴰⵏ.
English: After World War II, availability of FHA loans stimulated a housing boom in American suburbs.
Tamazight: ⴼⴼⵉⵔ ⵉⵎⵏⵖⵉ ⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏ ⵡⵉⵙ ⵙⵉⵏ, ⵉⵃⵓⵣ ⵓⵕⵟⵟⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵜⴷⴱⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵓⵣⴷⵓⵖ ⵜⴰⴼⵉⴷⵉⵕⴰⵍⵉⵜ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵉⴳⴳⵉⴷⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴷⴷⵔⵡⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵎⵉⵡⴰ ⵜⵉⵎⵉⵔⵉⴽⴰⵏⵉⵜⵉⵏ.
English: Economic growth in the United States encouraged the suburbanization of American cities that required massive investments for the new infrastructure and homes.
Tamazight: ⵉⵙⴱⵖⵙ ⵓⴱⵓⵖⵍⵓ ⴰⴷⴰⵎⵙⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵡⵉⵍⴰⵢⴰⵜⵉⵏ ⵎⵓⵏⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⴳⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵉⵡⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵉⵏ ⵉⵙⵙⵓⵜⵓⵔⵏ ⴰⵣⵉⵣⵣⵍ ⴰⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔ ⴷ ⵓⵙⴽⵓ ⵓⴷⵎⴽⴰⵍ ⴰⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴷⴷⵔⵡⵉⵏ.
English: An alternative strategy is the deliberate design of "new towns" and the protection of green belts around cities.
Tamazight: “ⵜⴰⵙⵜⵕⴰⵜⵉⵊⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓⵜ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⵜ ⴰⵙⵎⵀⵀⵍ ⵏ ““ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓⵜⵉⵏ”” ⴷ ⵃⵟⵟⵓ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵜⴰⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵣⴳⵣⴰⵡⵉⵏ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵏ ⵉ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵉⵏ.”
English: Federal subsidies for suburban development accelerated this process as did the practice of redlining by banks and other lending institutions.
Tamazight: ⵢⵓⵡⵉ ⴷ ⵡⴰⵏⵏⴰⵍ ⴰⴼⵉⴷⵉⵕⴰⵍⵉ ⵉ ⵜⵉⴳⵎⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵉⵡⴰ ⴰⵙⴷⴷⵔⴼ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴳⴳⵉⵜ ⵉⵎⴽⵉⵏⵏⴰ ⵜⵙⵙⴽⵔ ⵜⵍⵓⵙⵉ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵖⵉⵡⵙ ⵏ ⵉⴷ ⴱⴰⵏⴽ ⴷ ⵜⵎⵔⵙⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵓⵕⵟⵟⴰⵍ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ.
English: Virginia Beach is now the largest city in all of Virginia, having long since exceeded the population of its neighboring primary city, Norfolk.
Tamazight: ⵜⴳⴰ ⴼⵉⵔⵊⵉⵏⵢⴰ ⴱⵉⵜⵛ ⵜⴰⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔⵜ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⴳ ⵜⵡⵉⵍⴰⵢⴰⵜ ⵏ ⴼⵉⵔⵊⵉⵏⵢⴰ ⴽⵓⵍⵍⵓⵜⵜ, ⴰⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵜⵣⵔⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵏⵓⵔⴼⵓⵍⴽ ⴳ ⵓⵎⴹⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ.
English: A greater percentage of whites (both non-Hispanic and, in some areas, Hispanic) and lesser percentage of citizens of other ethnic groups than in urban areas.
Tamazight: ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⴹⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵎⵉⴹⵉ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵍⵍⴰⵍⵏ (ⵓⵔ ⵉⴳⵉⵏ ⵉⵙⴱⴰⵏⵉⵜⵏ, ⴷ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵏⵙⵉⵡⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵓⵥⵓⵕ ⴰⵙⴱⴰⵏⵉ) ⴷ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⴹⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵎⵉⴹⵉ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ ⵏ ⵜⵔⵓⴱⴱⴰ ⵙⴳ ⵉⵥⵓⵕⴰⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵙⵎⵣⴰⵣⴰⵍ ⴷ ⵡⴰⵏⵙⵉⵡⵏ ⵉⵖⵔⵎⴰⵏⵏ.
English: Compared to rural areas, suburbs usually have greater population density, higher standards of living, more complex road systems, more franchised stores and restaurants, and less farmland and wildlife.
Tamazight: ⵙ ⵓⵎⵣⴰⵣⴰⵍ ⴷ ⵡⴰⵏⵙⵉⵡⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴳⴰⵎⴰ, ⵙ ⵓⵎⴰⵜⴰ ⴷⴰ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵉⵍⵉ ⵜⴰⵏⵥⵥⵉ ⵜⴰⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ ⴳ ⵜⵎⵉⵡⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ, ⴷ ⵉⵙⵡⵉⵔⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵉⵏⴰⴼⵍⵍⴰⵜⵏ, ⴷ ⵉⴳⵔⵔⴰⵜⵏ ⵏ ⵉⴱⵔⴷⴰⵏ ⵉⴳⴳⵓⴷⵉⵏ, ⴷ ⵡⴰⵏⵙⵉⵡⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵙⴱⴱⴰⴱⵜ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵓⵛⵛⵏ ⵢⵓⴼⵏ, ⴷ ⵉⴽⴰⵍⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴽⵔⵣⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴳⴰⵎⴰ ⵉⴷⵔⵓⵙⵏ.
English: However, of this metropolitan population, in 2001 nearly half lived in low-density neighborhoods, with only one in five living in a typical "urban" neighborhood.
Tamazight: “ ⵎⵖⴰⵔ, ⵙⴳ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵖⵔⵎⴰⵏⵏ, ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 2001, ⴷⴷⵔⵏ ⵡⵓⴳⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵣⴳⵏ ⴷⵉⴳⵙⵏ ⴳ ⵉⵖⴰⵔⴰⵎⵏ ⴳ ⵜⴷⵔⵓⵙ ⵜⵏⵥⵥⵉ, ⵢⴰⵏ ⴷⴰⵢ ⵙⴳ ⵙⵎⵎⵓⵙ ⴰⵢⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⴷⵉⵔⵏ ⴳ ““ⵓⵖⴰⵔⴰⵎ””ⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵏ.”
English: Throughout Canada, there are comprehensive plans in place to curb sprawl.
Tamazight: ⴳ ⵜⵙⴳⴳⵯⵉⵏ ⵎⴰⵕⵕⴰ ⵏ ⴽⴰⵏⴰⴷⴰ, ⵍⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴱⴷⴷ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⵉⴷⵢ ⵏ ⵜⵣⴷⵓⵖⵉⵏ.
English: The majority of recent population growth in Canada's three largest metropolitan areas (Greater Toronto, Greater Montréal, and Greater Vancouver) has occurred in non-core municipalities.
Tamazight: ⵉⵚⵕⴰ ⵓⵎⴰⵜⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴱⵓⵖⵍⵓ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ ⴰⵎⴳⴳⴰⵔⵓ ⴳ ⴽⵕⴰⴹ ⵡⴰⵏⵙⵉⵡⵏ ⵉⵖⵔⵎⴰⵏⵏ ⴳ ⴽⴰⵏⴰⴷⴰ (ⵜⵓⵔⵓⵏⵜⵓ ⵜⴰⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔⵜ ⴷ ⵎⵓⵏⵜⵉⵔⵢⴰⵍ ⵜⴰⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔⵜ ⴷ ⴼⴰⵏⴽⵓⴼⵔ ⵜⴰⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔⵜ) ⴳ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵖⵔⵎⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵓⵔ ⵉⴳⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⴷⵙⵍⴰⵏⵉⵏ.
English: This is due to annexation and large geographic footprint within the city borders.
Tamazight: ⴰⵢⴰ ⵙ ⵓⵎⵏⵜⵉⵍ ⵏ ⵓⴽⵛⵛⵓⵎ ⴰⵊⵖⵔⴰⴼⵉ ⴰⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔ ⴳ ⵉⵡⵜⵜⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵏⵙⵓ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ.
English: In the 2016 census, the City of Calgary had a population of 1,239,220, whereas the Calgary Metropolitan Area had a population of 1,392,609, indicating the vast majority of people in the Calgary CMA lived within the city limits.
Tamazight: ⴳ ⵓⵙⵉⴹⵏ ⵏ 2016, ⵉⵍⴽⵎ ⵏⵏ ⵓⵎⴹⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ ⵏⵏ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⴽⴰⵍⴳⴰⵔⵉ 1,239,220 ⵏ ⵓⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ, ⵉⵍⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵏⵙⴰ ⴰⵖⵎⴰⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ 1,392,609 ⵏ ⵓⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ, ⴰⵢⵏⵏⴰ ⴷ ⵢⴰⴽⴽⴰⵏ ⵏⵡⵉⵙ ⵣⴷⵖⵏ ⵎⴷⴷⵏ ⵏ ⴽⴰⵍⴳⴰⵔⵉ CMA ⵙ ⵓⵎⴰⵜⴰ ⴳ ⵓⴳⵏⵙⵓ ⵏ ⵉⵡⵜⵜⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ.
English: In the UK, the government is seeking to impose minimum densities on newly approved housing schemes in parts of South East England.
Tamazight: ⴳ ⵜⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⵉⵎⵓⵏⵏ, ⴷⴰ ⵜⵜⵏⴰⵖ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴰⵊⵊ ⴰⵡⵜⵜⵓ ⵏ ⵜⵏⵥⵥⵉ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ ⴳ ⵉⵙⵖⵉⵡⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵣⴷⴷⵓⵖ ⴰⵜⵔⴰⵔ ⴳ ⵉⴳⵣⵣⵓⵎⵏ ⵏ ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵇⵇⵔ ⵏ ⵉⵏⴳⵍⴰⵜⵉⵕⵕⴰ.
English: Suburbs can be found in Guadalajara, Mexico City, Monterrey, and most major cities.
Tamazight: ⵜⵣⵎⵔ ⵜⵉⴼⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵏⵏⴰⴹⵉⵏ ⴳ ⴳⵓⴷⴰⵍⴰⵅⴰⵔⴰ, ⴷ ⵎⵉⴽⵙⵉⴽⵓ ⵙⵉⵜⵉ, ⴷ ⵎⵓⵏⵜⵉⵔⵔⵉ, ⴷ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔⵉⵏ.
English: As the growth of middle-class and upper-class suburbs increased, low-class squatter areas have increased, most notably "lost cities" in Mexico, campamentos in Chile, barriadas in Peru, villa miserias in Argentina, asentamientos in Guatemala and favelas of Brazil.
Tamazight: “ⵙ ⵜⵉⴳⵎⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵉⵡⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴼⵔⴽⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵏⴰⴼⵍⵍⴰⵜ, ⵣⴰⵢⴷⵏⵜ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⵟⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵔⴱⴱⵊ ⴳ ⵜⴼⵔⴽⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⴷⴰⵔⵜ, ⵍⵓⵎⵏ “ⵜⵉⵎⴷⵉⵏⵉⵏ ⵣⵍⴰⵏⵉⵏ” ⴳ ⵎⵉⴽⵙⵉⴽ, ⴷ ⴽⴰⵎⴱⴰⵎⵉⵏⵜⵓⵙ ⴳ ⵜⵛⵉⵍⵉ, ⴷ ⴱⴰⵔⵢⴰⴷⴰ ⴳ ⴱⵉⵔⵓ, ⵜⴼⵉⵍⵍⴰⵜⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⵥⵍⴰⴹ ⴳ ⴰⵕⵊⵓⵏⵜⵉⵏ, ⴷ ⴰⵙⵉⵏⵜⴰⵎⵢⵉⵏⵜⵓⵙ ⴳ ⴳⵡⴰⵜⵉⵎⴰⵍⴰⵢⴰ ⴷ ⵉⵖⴰⵔⴰⵎⵏ ⵉⵎⵥⵍⴰⴹ ⴳ ⴱⵕⴰⵣⵉⵍ.”
English: In an illustrative case of South Africa, RDP housing has been built.
Tamazight: ⴳ ⵡⴰⴷⴷⴰⴷ ⵏ ⴰⵙⵙⴼⵔⴰⵡ ⵉ ⵉⴼⵔⵉⵇⵢⴰ ⵏ ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ, ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⴽⴰ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵣⴷⵓⵖⵉⵏ RDP.
English: In certain areas such as Klang, Subang Jaya and Petaling Jaya, suburbs form the core of these places.
Tamazight: ⴳ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵉⵏ ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ ⴽⵍⴰⵏⴳ ⴷ ⵙⵓⴱⴰⵏⴳ ⵊⴰⵢⴰ ⴷ ⵃⴻⵜⴰⵍⵉⵏ ⵊⴰⵢⴰ, ⴳⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⵉⴷⴰⵡⵖⵔⵎⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵉⵏ ⴰⴷ.
English: In the suburban system, most trips from one component to another component requires that cars enter a collector road, no matter how short or long the distance is.
Tamazight: ⴳ ⵓⴳⵔⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵉⵡⴰ, ⴷⴰ ⵉⵙⵙⵓⵜⵓⵔ ⵓⵎⴰⵜⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⴷⴷⵓⵜⵏ ⴰⴷ ⴽⵛⵎⵜ ⵜⵀⵉⵔⵉⵜⵉⵏ ⴰⴱⵔⵉⴷ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵎⵓⵏ, ⵙⵡⴰ ⵉⵎⵥⵥⵉⵢ ⵓⴱⵔⵉⴷ ⵏⵖ ⵉⵖⵣⵣⵉⴼ.
English: If a traffic crash occurs on a collector road, or if road construction inhibits the flow, then the entire road system may be rendered useless until the blockage is cleared.
Tamazight: ⴳ ⵡⴰⴷⴷⴰⴷ ⵏ ⵓⵏⴳⴰⵙ ⴳ ⵓⴱⵔⵉⴷ ⴰⵏⴳⵔⴰⵡ, ⵏⵖ ⵉⴳ ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵖⵓⴷⵓ ⵓⴱⵔⵉⴷ, ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵖⵓⵍ ⵓⴳⵔⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴱⵔⵉⴷ ⵡⴰⵔ ⵜⴰⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⴰⵔⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⵉⴽⴽⵙ ⵡⵓⵖⵓⵏ.
English: This encourages car trips even for distances as low as several hundreds of yards or meters (which may have become up to several miles or kilometers due to the road network).
Tamazight: ⴷⴰ ⵉⵙⴱⵖⴰⵙ ⵓⵢⴰ ⵅⴼ ⵜⵉⴳⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⴷⴷⵓⵜⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵀⵉⵔⵉⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵜⵓⵎ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵜⵜⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵉⴹⵉ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵕⴷⴰⵜ ⵏⵖ ⵉⴷ ⵎⵉⵜⵕ (ⵉⵖⵉⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵏⵏ ⵉⴳⵓⵍⵓ ⴰⵡⴷ ⵢⵉⴷⵙ ⵏ ⵉⴷ ⵎⵉⵍ ⵏⵖ ⵉⴷ ⴽⵉⵍⵓⵎⵉⵜⵕ ⵙ ⵓⵎⵏⵜⵉⵍ ⵏ ⵓⵥⵟⵟⴰ ⵏ ⵉⴱⵔⴷⴰⵏ).
English: Taken together, these two groups of taxpayers represent a largely untapped source of potential revenue that cities may begin to target more aggressively, particularly if they're struggling.
Tamazight: ⴳ ⵎⵓⵏⴻⵏⵜ, ⴳⴰⵏⵜ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⵜⵔⵓⴱⴱⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵏ ⵡⵉⵏⵏⴰ ⵢⴰⴽⴽⴰⵏ ⵉⵣⵎⴰⵣ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵖⴱⴰⵍⵓ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵜ ⴳ ⵍⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵢⵔⵉ ⵎⵉ ⵜⵖⵢ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵜ ⵜⴳ ⴷ ⴰⵡⵜⵜⴰⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⵏⵓⵎⴰⵍ ⵉⴳ ⵖⵏⵙⵏⵜ.
English: French songs like La Zone by Fréhel (1933), Aux quatre coins de la banlieue by Damia (1936), Ma banlieue by Reda Caire (1937), or Banlieue by Robert Lamoureux (1953), evoke the suburbs of Paris explicitly since the 1930s.
Tamazight: ⵉⵣⵍⴰⵏ ⵉⴼⵕⴰⵏⵙⵉⵙⵏ ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ ⴰⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵏ ⴼⵕⵉⵀⵍ (1933), ⴳ ⴽⴽⵓⵥ ⵏ ⵉⴷⵖⴰⵔⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴳⴰⵎⴰ ⵏ ⴷⴰⵎⵢⴰ (1936), ⵜⴰⴳⴰⵎⴰ ⵉⵏⵓ ⵏ ⵕⵉⴹⴰ ⴽⴰⵢⵔ (1937), ⵏⵖ ⵜⴰⴳⴰⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵍⵕⵓⴱⵉⵕⵜ ⵍⴰⵎⵓⵕⵢⵓ (1953),ⴷⴰ ⵜⵜⵓⴱⴷⴰⵔⵏⵜ ⴳ ⵜⵙⴳⴳⵯⵉⵏ ⵏ ⴱⴰⵔⵉⵙ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙⵏ ⵉⴽⵕⴰⵎⵔⴰⵡⵏ 1930.
English: French cinema was although soon interested in urban changes in the suburbs, with such movies as Mon oncle by Jacques Tati (1958), L'Amour existe by Maurice Pialat (1961) or Two or Three Things I Know About Her by Jean-Luc Godard (1967).
Tamazight: ⵜⴼⴼⵓⵍⵍⵙ ⵙⵙⵉⵏⵉⵎⴰ ⵜⴰⴼⵕⴰⵏⵙⵉⵙⵜ ⵙ ⵉⵙⵏⴼⴰⵍⵏ ⵉⵖⵔⵎⴰⵏ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵖⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵎⵉⵡⴰ, ⴳ ⵉⴼⵉⵍⵎⵏ ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ ⵄⵎⵎⵉ ⵏ ⵊⴰⴽ ⵜⴰⵜⵉ (1958), ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⵜⴰⵢⵔⵉ ⵏ ⵎⵓⵔⵉⵙ ⴱⵢⴰⵍⴰⵜ (1961) ⵏⵖ ⵙⵉⵏ ⵏⵖ ⴽⵕⴰⴹ ⵉⵙⴽⴽⵉⵏⵏ ⵖⵉⴼⵙ ⵙⵙⵏⵖ ⵏ ⵊⵓⵏ ⵍⵓⴽ ⴳⵓⴷⴰⵔ (1967).
English: The 1962 song "Little Boxes" by Malvina Reynolds lampoons the development of suburbia and its perceived bourgeois and conformist values, while the 1982 song Subdivisions by the Canadian band Rush also discusses suburbia, as does Rockin' the Suburbs by Ben Folds.
Tamazight: “ⵜⵉⵣⵍⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1962 ““ⵜⵉⵎⴽⵓⵥⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⵥⵥⵢⴰⵏⵉⵏ”” ⵏ ⵎⴰⵍⴼⵉⵏⴰ ⵔⵉⵏⴰⵍⴷⵣ ⴷⴰ ⵜⵜⴹⵚⴰ ⴳⵓⴱⵓⵖⵍⵓ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵡⴰⵜⵉⴳ ⵏ ⵜⴱⵓⵕⵊⵡⴰⵣⵉⵜ, ⴰⵔ ⵜⵙⵎⵔⴰⵔⴰ ⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⵜⵣⵍⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1982 ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⵔⴰⴱⴱⵓⵜ ⵜⴰⴽⴰⵏⴰⴷⵉⵜ ⵕⴰⵛ, ⵉⵎⴽⵉⵏⵏⴰⵖ ⴰⵡⴷ ⵉ ⵕⵓⴽⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵉⵡⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⵉⴳⴰ ⴱⵉⵏ ⴼⵓⵍⴷⵣ.”
English: Over the Hedge is a syndicated comic strip written and drawn by Michael Fry and T. Lewis.
Tamazight: ⵖⴼ ⵢⵉⵔ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵉⵏⵉⵥⵕⵉ ⵉⵙⴹⵚⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⵢⴰⵔⴰ ⵉⵙⵙⵓⵏⵖ ⵎⴰⵢⴽⵍ ⴼⵔⴰⵢ ⴷ ⵜ. ⵍⵡⵉⵙ.
English: British television series such as The Good Life, Butterflies and The Fall and Rise of Reginald Perrin have depicted suburbia as well-manicured but relentlessly boring, and its residents as either overly conforming or prone to going stir crazy.
Tamazight: ⵉⵙⴷⴷⵉⵜⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵏⵥⵕⵉ ⵜⴰⴱⵕⵉⵟⴰⵏⵉⵜ ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵉⵖⵓⴷⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵉⴱⵔⴱⵉⵙⵙⵉⵜⵏ ⴷ ⵜⴰⴹⵓⵕⵉ ⴷ ⵉⵍⵢ ⵏ ⵔⵉⵊⵉⵏⴰⵍⴷ ⴱⵉⵔⴰⵏ ⵜⵜⵓⵙⵡⵍⴼⵏⵜ ⴳ ⵜⵎⵉⵡⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⵏⵡⵉⵙ ⵣⴷⴷⵉⴳⵏ ⵏⵜⵜⴰ ⵥⵥⴰⵢⵏ ⵖⴼ ⵡⵓⵍⴰⵡⵏ, ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ ⵎⵙⴰⵙⴰⵏ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵏⵖ ⵜⵏ ⵉⵙⵍⵢ ⴽⴰ.
English: A village is a clustered human settlement or community, larger than a hamlet but smaller than a town (although the word is often used to describe both hamlets and smaller towns), with a population typically ranging from a few hundred to a few thousand.
Tamazight: ⵜⴰⴳⴰⵎⴰ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵣⴷⵓⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴼⴳⴰⵏⵜ ⵉⵎⵓⵏⵏ ⵏⵖ ⵏ ⵓⵖⵔⴼ, ⵢⵓⴳⵔⵏ ⵉⵖⵔⵎ ⵜⵎⵥⵉⵢ ⵖⴼ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵜⴰⵖⵔⵎⴰⵏⵜ (ⵡⴰⵅⵅⴰ ⵜⵙⵎⴰⵏ ⵜⴳⵓⵔⵉ ⴳⵔ ⵓⵏⴰⵎⴽ ⵏ ⵉⵖⵎⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⵥⵢⴰⵏⵉⵏ), ⴰⵔ ⵉⴽⴽⴰⵜ ⵓⵎⴹⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳⵔ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵉⴷⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⴷ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵢⵉⴼⴹⵏ.
English: This also enabled specialization of labor and crafts, and development of many trades.
Tamazight: ⵢⴰⵡⵉ ⴷ ⵓⵢⴰ ⴰⵍⵜⵓ ⴰⵙⵥⵍⵢ ⴳ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵣⵣⵓⵍⵉⵏ, ⴷ ⵓⵙⴱⵓⵖⵍⵓ ⵏ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵣⵣⵓⵍⵉⵏ.
English: The size of these villages varies considerably.
Tamazight: ⴰⴷⴷⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵉⵖⵔⵎⴰⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵎⵎⴰⵔⴽⵙ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ.
English: Desa are generally located in rural areas while kelurahan are generally urban subdivisions.
Tamazight: ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⴷⵉⵣⴰ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵏⵙⵉⵡⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴳⴰⵎⴰ ⵜⵉⵍⵉ ⴽⵉⵍⵓⵕⴰⵀⴰⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵎⴰⵜⴰ ⴳ ⵉⴱⵟⵟⵓⵜⵏ ⴰⵢⵢⴰⵡⵏ ⵉⵖⵔⵎⴰⵏⵏ.
English: A desa or kelurahan is the subdivision of a kecamatan (subdistrict), in turn the subdivision of a kabupaten (district) or kota (city).
Tamazight: ⴷⵉⵣⴰ ⵏⵖ ⴽⵉⵍⵓⵕⴰⵀⴰⵏ ⴳⴰⵏⵜ ⴰⴱⵟⵟⵓ ⴰⵢⵢⴰⵡ ⵏ ⴽⵉⴽⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵏ (ⴰⵏⵡⴰ ⴰⵢⵢⴰⵡ), ⵉⴳ ⴰⵡⴷ ⵏⵜⵜⴰ ⴰⴱⵟⵟⵓ ⴰⵢⵢⴰⵡ ⵏ ⴽⴰⴱⵓⴱⴰⵜⵏ (ⴰⵏⵙⴰ) ⵏⵖ ⴷ ⴽⴰⵜⴰ (ⵜⴰⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ).
English: In Malaysia, a kampung is determined as a locality with 10,000 or fewer people.
Tamazight: ⴳ ⵎⴰⵍⵉⵣⵢⴰ, ⵉⴳⴰ ⴽⴰⵎⴱⵓⵏⴳ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵡⴰⵏⵙⴰ ⴳ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ 10,000 ⵏ ⵓⴼⴳⴰⵏ ⵏⵖ ⴷⴷⴰⵡⴰⵙ.
English: All Muslims in the Malay or Indonesian village want to be prayed for, and to receive Allah's blessings in the afterlife.
Tamazight: ⵔⴰⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵏⵙⵍⵎⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵙⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵎⴰⵍⴰⵢ ⵏⵖ ⴰⵙⵓⵏ ⵏ ⴰⵏⴷⵓⵏⵉⵙⵢⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵥⵥⴰⵍⵍⵉⵏ, ⴷ ⵡⴰⴷ ⴰⵡⵉⵏ ⵉⵎⵔⴽⵉⴷⵏ ⵏ ⴰⵍⵍⴰⵀ ⴼⴼⵉⵔ ⵜⴰⵎⵜⴰⵏⵜ.
English: Mainland Singapore used to have many kampung villages but modern developments and rapid urbanisation works have seen them bulldozed away; Kampong Lorong Buangkok is the last surviving village on the country's mainland.
Tamazight: ⵉⵎⵢⴰⵔ ⵡⴰⴽⴰⵍ ⴰⴷⵙⵍⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵙⴰⵏⴳⴰⵖⵓⴼⵓⵕⴰ ⴰⴷ ⴷⵉⴳⵙ ⵉⵍⵉⵏ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵙⵓⵏⵏ ⵉⴽⴰⵎⴱⵓⵏⴳⵏ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵜⵓⵡⵉ ⴷ ⵜⵉⴳⵎⵉ ⵜⴰⵜⵔⴰⵔⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵖⵔⵎ ⴰⵏⵙⴷⴷⵔⴰⴼ ⵖⵔ ⵓⵔⴷⴰⵍ ⵏⵏⵙ; ⴽⴰⵎⴱⵓⵏⴳ ⵍⵓⵔⵓⵏⴳ ⴱⴰⵏⴽⵓⴽ ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵙⵓⵏ ⴰⵎⴳⴳⴰⵔⵓ ⵉⵇⵇⵉⵎⴰⵏ ⵖⴼ ⵡⴰⴽⴰⵍ ⴰⴷⵙⵍⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ.
English: Vietnam's village is the typical symbol of Asian agricultural production.
Tamazight: ⵉⴳⴰ ⵡⴰⵙⵓⵏ ⵏ ⴼⵉⵜⵏⴰⵎ ⴰⵣⴰⵎⵓⵍ ⴰⵎⴷⵢⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴼⴰⵔⵙ ⵏ ⵜⴽⵔⵣⴰ ⵜⴰⵙⵢⴰⵡⵉⵜ.
English: In Slovenia, the word selo is used for very small villages (fewer than 100 people) and in dialects; the Slovene word vas is used all over Slovenia.
Tamazight: ⴳ ⵙⵍⵓⴼⴰⴽⵢⴰ, ⴷⴰ ⵜⵜⵓⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵜⴳⵓⵔⵉ ⵙⵍⵓ ⵉ ⵓⵙⵏⵎⵍ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵙⵓⵏⵏ ⵉⵎⵥⵥⵢⴰⵏⵏ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ (ⴷⴷⴰⵡ ⵏ 100 ⵏ ⵓⴼⴳⴰⵏ) ⴷ ⴳ ⵜⴰⵏⵜⴰⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ; ⴰⵔ ⵜⵜⵓⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵜⴳⵓⵔⵉ ⵜⴰⵙⵍⵓⴼⵉⵏⵉⵜ ⴼⴰⵙ ⴳ ⵙⵍⵓⴼⵉⵏⵢⴰ ⴽⵓⵍⵍⵓ.
English: It could be relative to a Sanskrit like Afgan word deh and Indonesian word desa.
Tamazight: ⵜⵖⵢ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴳ ⵜⵉⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⴰⵏⵙⴽⵔⵉⵜⵉⵜ ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ ⵜⴰⴳⵓⵔⵉ ⴰⴼⴳⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⴳⵓⵔⵉ ⴷⵉⵀ ⴷ ⵜⴳⵓⵔⵉ ⵜⴰⵏⴷⵓⵏⵉⵙⵉⵜ ⴷⵉⵙⴰ.
English: Approximately 46% of all migrated people have changed their residence from one city to another.
Tamazight: ⴰⵜⵜⴰⵢ ⵏ 46% ⵏⵖ ⵉⵎⵣⵡⴰⴳⵏ ⴽⵓⵍⵍⵓ ⵙⵙⵏⴼⵍⵏ ⴰⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵓⵣⴷⵓⵖ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⵖⵔ ⵜⴰⵢⴹ.
English: The lowest administrative unit of the Russian Empire, a volost, or its Soviet or modern Russian successor, a selsoviet, was typically headquartered in a selo and embraced a few neighboring villages.
Tamazight: ⵜⴰⴳⵣⵣⵓⵎⵜ ⵜⴰⴷⴱⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⴷⴰⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴱⵕⴰⵟⵓⵕⵜ ⵜⴰⵔⵓⵙⵉⵜ, ⴼⵓⵍⵙⵜ, ⵏⵖ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⴼⵢⴰⵜⵉⵜ ⵏⵖ ⵜⴰⵔⵓⵙⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵜⵔⴰⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴷⴼⵓⵕⵜ, ⵙⵙⵉⵍⵙⵓⴼⵢⵉⵜ, ⵉⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵏⵏ ⵡⴰⵏⵙⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ ⵙⵉⵍⵓ ⵜⵙⴽⵛⵎ ⴷⴷⴰⵡ ⵜⴰⵢⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵙⵓⵏⵏ ⴰⵙ ⵢⵓⵊⵉⵏ ⵉⴷⵔⵓⵙⵏ.
English: While peasants of central Russia lived in a village around the lord's manor, a Cossack family often lived on its own farm, called khutor.
Tamazight: ⵉⵍⵉⵏ ⴰⵍⵜⵓ ⵉⵎⴽⵔⴰⵣⵏ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵔⵓⵙⵢⴰ ⴷⴰ ⵜⵜⵉⴷⵉⵔⵏ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵙⵓⵏ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵏ ⵉ ⵉⵖⵔⵎ ⵏ ⵍⵍⵓⵕⴷ, ⴰⵔ ⵜⵜⵉⴷⵉⵔ ⵜⵡⴰⵛⵓⵏⵜ ⵏ ⴽⵓⵙⵙⴰⴽ ⴳ ⵡⵓⵔⵜⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⵎⵉ ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⵡⴰⵙⵙⴰⵖ ⵏ ⵅⵓⵜⵓⵔ.
English: There is, however, another smaller type of settlement which is designated in Ukrainian as a selysche (селище).
Tamazight: ⵉⵍⵍⴰ, ⵡⴰⵅⵅⴰ, ⵢⴰⵏ ⵡⴰⵏⴰⵡ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵣⴷⵓⵖⵉⵏ ⵎⵉ ⴳⴰⵏ ⵉⵡⵜⵜⴰ ⵙ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⵓⴽⵕⴰⵏⵉⵜ ⵏⵡⵉⵙ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵣⴷⵓⵖⵜ (селище).
English: They represent a type of a small rural locality that might have once been a khutir, a fisherman's settlement, or a dacha.
Tamazight: ⴷⴰ ⵙⴳⵏⵙⴰⵙⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵡⴰⵏⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵏⵙⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴳⴰⵎⴰ ⴰⵎⵥⵥⵢⴰⵏ ⵉⵙⴷⵓⵢⵏ ⴳ ⵢⵉⴷⵙ ⵏ ⵡⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏ, ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵣⴷⵓⵖⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵏⴳⵎⴰⵔⵏ, ⵏⵖ ⴷⴰⵛⴰ.
English: However, ambiguity is often avoided in connection with urbanized settlements by referring to them using the three-letter abbreviation smt instead.
Tamazight: ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵉⴽⴽⴰⵍ, ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⵉⴽⴽⵉⵙ ⵓⵏⵜⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵙⵙⴰⵖ ⵏ ⵜⵣⴷⵓⵖⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵖⵔⵎⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⵣⵍ ⵙ ⴽⵕⴰⴹ ⵏ ⵉⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍ smt.
English: They became really popular during the Stolypin reform in the early 20th century.
Tamazight: ⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ ⵜⵜⵢⴰⵙⵙⵏⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵖⵓⴷⵓ ⵏ ⵙⵜⵓⵍⵉⴱⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵣⵡⵉⵔⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⴰ ⵜⵉⵙ 20.
English: Larger villages can also be referred to as a Flecken or Markt depending on the region.
Tamazight: ⵏⵖⵢ ⴰⵍⵜⵓ ⴰⴷ ⵏⵙⵉⵡⵍ ⵅⴼ ⵡⴰⵙⵓⵏⵏ ⵉⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔⵏ ⵙ ⵡⴰⵙⵙⴰⵖ ⵏ ⴼⵍⵉⴽⵏ ⵏⵖ ⴷ ⵎⴰⵕⴽⵜ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵏⵙⴰ.
English: For example, in areas such as the Lincolnshire Wolds, the villages are often found along the spring line halfway down the hillsides, and originate as spring line settlements, with the original open field systems around the village.
Tamazight: ⵙ ⵓⵎⴷⵢⴰ, ⴳ ⵡⴰⵏⵙⵉⵡⵏ ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ ⵍⵉⵏⵓⴽⵓⵍⵏⵛⴰⵢⵔ ⵡⵓⵍⴷⵣ, ⴷⴰ ⵜⵜⵉⵍⵉⵏ ⵡⴰⵙⵓⵏⵏ ⵅⴼ ⵓⵣⴳⵉⴳ ⵏ ⵜⴼⵙⵓⵜ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵓⴱⵔⵉⴷ ⴷⴷⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵔⵉⵔⵉⵏ, ⴰⵔ ⵜⵜⵉⵍⵉⵏⵜ ⵜⵣⴷⵓⵖⵉⵏ ⵅⴼ ⵓⵣⴳⵉⴳ ⵏ ⵜⴼⵙⵓⵜ, ⴷ ⵉⴳⵔⵔⴰⵜⵏ ⵏ ⵢⵉⴳⵔⴰⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵏⴰⴼⵏ ⵅⴼ ⵡⴰⵙⵓⵏ.
English: Some villages have disappeared (for example, deserted medieval villages), sometimes leaving behind a church or manor house and sometimes nothing but bumps in the fields.
Tamazight: ⵣⵍⴰⵏ ⴽⴰ ⵏ ⵡⵓⵙⵓⵏⵏ (ⵙ ⵓⵎⴷⵢⴰ, ⵓⵙⵓⵏⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵣⵔⵉⵏ), ⴰⵊⵊⵉⵏ ⴼⴼⵉⵔ ⴰⵙ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴽⴰⵏⵉⵙⴰⵜ ⵏⵖ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴰⴷⴷⴰⵔⵜ ⵎⵎ ⵡⵓⵔⵜⵉ ⴷ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵉⴽⴽⴰⵍ ⵖⴰⵙ ⵉⴳⵔⴰⵏ.
English: Other villages have grown and merged and often form hubs within the general mass of suburbia—such as Hampstead, London and Didsbury in Manchester.
Tamazight: ⴳⵎⴰⵏ ⵡⴰⵙⵓⵏⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ ⵣⴷⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵎⵉⵡⵡⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵉⵏ — ⴰⵎ ⵀⴰⵎⴱⵙⵜⵉⴷ ⴷ ⵍⵓⵏⴷⵓⵏ ⴷ ⴷⵉⴷⵙⴱⵓⵔⵉ ⴳ ⵎⴰⵏⵛⵉⵙⵜⵔ.
English: Seen as being far from the bustle of modern life, it is represented as quiet and harmonious, if a little inward-looking.
Tamazight: ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵜⴰⴳⴳⵓⴳ ⵅⴼ ⵓⵔⴱⴱⵊ ⵏ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵜⵔⴰⵔⵜ, ⴷⴰ ⵖⵉⴼⵙ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⵉⵏⵉⵏ ⵏⵡⵉⵙ ⵜⴼⵙⵜⴰ, ⵡⴰⵅⵅⴰ ⵜⵍⴰ ⵓⵎⴷ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵏⵙⵓ.
English: These (such as Murton, County Durham) grew from hamlets when the sinking of a colliery in the early 20th century resulted in a rapid growth in their population and the colliery owners built new housing, shops, pubs and churches.
Tamazight: ⴳⵎⴰⵏ ⵡⵉⴷ (ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ ⵎⵓⵔⵜⵓⵏ , ⵜⴰⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵜⴰⵖⵔⵎⴰⵏ ⴷⵓⵔⵀⴰⵎ) ⵙⴳ ⵡⴰⵙⵓⵏⵏ ⵉⵎⵥⵥⵢⴰⵏⵏ ⴽⵓⴷⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵄⵓⵎ ⵉⴼⵔⵉ ⴳ ⵉⵎⵣⵡⵓⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵓⵜⴰ ⵜⵉⵙ 20 ⵢⴰⵡⵉ ⴷ ⵜⵉⴳⵎⵉ ⴰⵙⴷⴷⵔⴰⴼⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴹⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ ⵙⴽⵓⵏ ⴰⵢⵜ ⵉⴼⵔⴰⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⵣⴷⵓⵖⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵡⴰⵏⵙⵉⵡⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵙⴱⴱⴰⴱⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵃⵓⵏⴰ ⴷ ⵜⴽⴰⵏⵉⵙⴰⵜⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓⵜⵉⵏ.
English: Maltby was constructed under the auspices of the Sheepbridge Coal and Iron Company and included ample open spaces and provision for gardens.
Tamazight: ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵓⴳⴰ ⵎⴰⵍⵜⴱⵉ ⴷⴷⴰⵡ ⵜⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵙⵙⵓⵔⵜ ⵛⵉⴱⴱⵔⵉⴷⵊ ⴽⵓⵍ ⴷ ⵉⵔⵓⵏ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵀⵍⵉ ⵏ ⵡⴰⴽⴰⵍ ⴳ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⵡⵓⵔⵜⴰⵏ.
English: The typical village had a pub or inn, shops, and a blacksmith.
Tamazight: ⵉⵍⴰ ⵡⴰⵙⵓⵏ ⵓⴷⴷⵉⵙ ⴰⵏⵙⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵙⴱⴱⴰⴱⵜ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵏⵙⵓ ⴷ ⵡⴰⵏⵙⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵣⵉⵍ.
English: However, some civil parishes have no functioning parish, town, or city council nor a functioning parish meeting.
Tamazight: ⵓⵔ ⵉⵍⵍⵉ ⵖⵓⵔ ⵢⵉⴷⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⵡⴰⵏⵙⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴷⴱⵍⵜ ⵓⵍⴰ ⵉⵖⵔⵎ, ⵏⵖ ⴰⵙⵇⵇⵉⵎ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⵓⵍⴰ ⴰⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⴰⴷⴱⵍⴰⵏ ⵉⵍⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵡⵓⵔⵉ.
English: In Scotland, the equivalent is also a community council, however, despite being statutory bodies they have no executive powers.
Tamazight: ⴳ ⵙⴽⵓⵜⵍⴰⵏⴷⴰ, ⵉⴳⴰ ⵓⵏⴳⵉⴷⴷⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵍⵜⵓ ⴰⵙⵇⵇⵉⵎ ⴰⴳⵔⴰⵡⴰⵏ, ⵡⴰⵅⵅⴰ ⵉⴳ ⵜⵉⵖⵎⵔⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵙⴰⴹⵓⴼⵉⵏ ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵓⵔ ⵖⵓⵔ ⵜⵉⵏⴱⴰⴹⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⵙⴽⴰⵔⵉⵏ.
English: The district of Danniyeh consists of thirty-six small villages, which includes Almrah, Kfirchlan, Kfirhbab, Hakel al Azimah, Siir, Bakhoun, Miryata, Assoun, Sfiiri, Kharnoub, Katteen, Kfirhabou, Zghartegrein, Ein Qibil.
Tamazight: ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵏⴱⴹⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⴹⴰⵏⵏⵉⵢ ⵙⴹⵉⵚ ⴷ ⴽⵔⴰⵎⵔⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵙⵓⵏ ⴰⵎⵥⵥⵢⵏ, ⴳ ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⴰⵍⵎⵔⴰⵃ, ⴽⴼⵉⵔⵛⵍⴰⵏ, ⴽⴼⵉⵔⵃⴱⴰⴱ, ⵃⴰⵢⵍ ⵍⴰⵄⴹⵎ, ⵚⵉⵕ, ⴱⴰⵅⵓⵏ, ⵎⵉⵔⵢⴰⵜⴰ, ⴰⵙⵓⵏ, ⵙⴼⵉⵔⵉ, ⵅⴰⵕⵏⵓⴱ, ⵇⴰⵟⵉⵏ, ⴽⴼⵉⵔⵃⴰⴱⵓ, ⵣⵖⴰⵔⵜⵉⴳⵔⵉⵏ, ⵄⵉⵏ ⵇⵉⴱⵉⵍ.
English: Dinniyeh has an excellent ecological environment filled with woodlands, orchards and groves.
Tamazight: ⵜⵍⴰ ⴹⵉⵏⵉⵢ ⵜⵓⵙⴽⵉⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴳⴰⵎⴰ ⵉⵣⴷⴷⵉⴳⵏ ⵉⴽⵜⴰⵔⵏ ⵙ ⵜⴰⴳⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵡⵓⵔⵜⴰⵏ.
English: Villages in the south of Syria (Hauran, Jabal al-Druze), the north-east (the Syrian island) and the Orontes River basin depend mostly on agriculture, mainly grain, vegetables, and fruits.
Tamazight: ⴷⴰ ⵙⴽⵓⵜⵜⵓⵏ ⵡⴰⵙⵓⵏⵏ ⵏ ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵙⵓⵔⵢⴰ (ⵃⵓⵕⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵓⴷⵔⴰⵔ ⴰⴷⴷⵔⵓⵣ) ⴷ ⵉⵥⵥⵍⵎⴹ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵇⵇⵔ (ⵜⴰⴳⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵔⵉⵜ) ⴷ ⵓⴳⵍⵎⴰⵎ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵙⵉⴼ ⴰⵎⵅⵉⴱ ⵅⴼ ⵜⴽⵔⵣⴰ ⵙ ⵓⵎⴰⵜⴰ, ⵍⵓⵎⵏ ⵉⵔⴷⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵛⴰⴽⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵉⴳⵓⵎⵎⴰ.
English: Mediterranean cities in Syria, such as Tartus and Latakia have similar types of villages.
Tamazight: ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⵡⴰⵏⴰⵡⵏ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵙⵓⵏⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵍⴻⵍ ⴰⵎⵍⵍⴰⵍ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⴳ ⵙⵓⵔⵢⴰ, ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ ⵟⴰⵕⵟⵓⵙ ⴷ ⵍⵍⴰⴷⵉⵇⵢⴰ.
English: Every urbanization is a "pueblo" unless is elevated by decree to the next category.
Tamazight: “ⴽⵓ ⴰⵙⵖⵔⵎ ⵉⴳⴰ ““ⴱⵡⵉⴱⵍⵓ”” ⵎⴰⵃⴷ ⵓⵔ ⵜ ⵉⵣⵣⵔⵉⵢ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵍⴳⵏ ⵖⵔ ⵜⴼⵔⴽⵜ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ.”
English: However, this is a generality; in many states, there are villages that are an order of magnitude larger than the smallest cities in the state.
Tamazight: ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⵙ ⵓⵎⴰⵜⴰ ⴳ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵉⵍⴰⵢⴰⵜⵉⵏ ⵡⴰⵙⵓⵏⵏ ⵢⵓⴳⵔⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⴷⵉⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⵥⵥⵢⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵙⵓⴷⵙ ⵏ ⵓⴽⵙⴰⵢ.
English: In some cases, the village may be coterminous with the town or township, in which case the two may have a consolidated government.
Tamazight: ⴳ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵡⴰⴷⴷⴰⴷⵏ, ⴷⴰ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵉⵍⵉ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵜⴰⵖⵔⵎⴰⵏⵜ ⴰⵏⵛⵜ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵙⵓⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵉⴽⴽⵍⵜ ⴰ ⵉⵖⵢ ⴰⴷ ⵖⵓⵔⵙⵏ ⵢⵉⵍⵉ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵡⴰⵏⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⵏ ⵉⵙⵎⵓⵏⵏ.
English: Hempstead, the largest village, has 55,000 residents; making it more populous than some of the state's cities.
Tamazight: ⵀⵉⵎⴱⵙⵜⵉⴷ, ⴷ ⴰⵙⵓⵏ ⴰⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔ, ⴳⵓⵍⴰⵏ ⵏⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ ⵏⵏⵙ 55,000 ⵏ ⵓⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ; ⴰⵢⵏⵏⴰ ⴰⵙ ⵢⴰⴽⴽⴰⵏ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵏⵥⵥⵉ ⵉⵖⵉⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵢⴰⴳⵔ ⵢⵉⴷⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵉⵍⴰⵢⴰⵜ.
English: The village of Arlington Heights, Illinois had 75,101 residents as of the 2010 census.
Tamazight: ⵜⵓⵙⵢ ⵡⴰⵙⵓⵏ ⵏ ⴰⵔⵍⵉⵏⴳⵜⵓⵏ ⵀⴰⵢⵜⵙ ⴳ ⵜⵡⵉⵍⴰⵢⴰⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵍⵉⵏⵓⵢ 75,101 ⵏ ⵓⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵉⴹⵏ ⵏ 2010.
English: Villages can incorporate land in multiple townships and even multiple counties.
Tamazight: ⵖⵉⵏ ⵡⴰⵙⵓⵏⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵙⵎⵓⵏⵏ ⵉⴽⴰⵍⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵖⵔⵎⴰⵏ ⵏⵖ ⴰⵡⴷ ⵜⵉⴳⵔⴰⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵖⵔⵎⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⴳⴳⵓⴷⵉⵏⵉⵏ.
English: The largest village is Menomonee Falls, which has over 32,000 residents.
Tamazight: ⴰⵙⵓⵏ ⴰⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜ ⵎⵉⵏⵓⵎⵓⵏⵉ ⴼⵓⵍⵣ, ⵏⵏ ⵉⴳⵓⵍⴰⵏ ⵓⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ 32,000 ⵏ ⵓⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ.
English: In Maryland, a locality designated "Village of ..." may be either an incorporated town or a special tax district.
Tamazight: “ⴳ ⵎⴰⵔⵉⵍⴰⵏⴷ, ⵉⵖⵢ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴳ ⵡⴰⵏⵙⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵎⵍⵏ ““ⴰⵙⵓⵏ ⵏ ...”” ⵜⴰⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⵜⵓⴷⴷⵉⵙⵜ ⵏⵖ ⴷ ⴰⵏⵙⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵣⵎⴰⵣ ⵓⵥⵍⵉⵢⵏ.”
English: At that time Traditional rulers used to have absolute power in their administrative regions.
Tamazight: ⴳ ⵡⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⴰⵏⵏ ⵖⵓⵔ ⵉⵏⴱⴱⴰⴹⵏ ⵉⵇⴱⵓⵔⵏ ⵜⴰⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⴰⵔⵉⵡⵜⵜⴰ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵏⵙⵉⵡⵏ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ ⵉⴷⴱⵍⴰⵏⵏ.
English: Every Hausa village was reigned by Magaji (Village head) who was answerable to his Hakimi (mayor) at the town level.
Tamazight: ⵉⵏⵏⴱⴹ ⵎⴰⴳⴰⵊⵉ (ⴰⵏⵙⵙⵉⵅⴼ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵙⵓⵏ)ⴳ ⴽⵓ ⴰⵙⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵙⵓⵏⵏ ⵏ ⵀⵓⵙⴰ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⵏⴱⴱⴰⴹ ⴷⴰⵜ ⵏ ⵃⴰⴽⵉⵎⵉ (ⴰⵏⵙⵙⵉⵅⴼ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵜⴰⵖⵔⵎⴰⵏⵜ) ⴳ ⵓⵙⵡⵉⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ.
English: They have mud houses with thatched roofing though, like in most of the villages in the North, zinc roofing is becoming a common sight.
Tamazight: ⵖⵓⵔⵙⵏ ⵜⴰⴷⴷⵔⵡⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵍⵓⴹ ⴷ ⵜⴷⵓⵍⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵉⴽⵛⵛⵉⴹⵏ, ⴰⵎ ⵓⵎⴰⵜⴰ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵙⵓⵏⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵥⵥⵍⵎⴹ, ⵢⴰⵖⵓⵍ ⴳⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⴷⵓⵍⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵣⵣⵏⴳ ⴰⵙⴽⴽⵉⵏ ⴰⴽⵓⵢⴰⵙⵙ.
English: Others are lucky to have wells within a walking distance.
Tamazight: ⵡⵉⵢⵢⴰⴹ ⵖⵓⵔⵙⵏ ⴰⵏⵏⴰⵣ ⵍⴰⵏ ⵓⵏⴰ ⵏⵎⵉⵍⵉⵏ ⴰⵙⵏ ⵡⴰⵎⴰⵏ.
English: An atlas is a collection of maps; it is typically a bundle of maps of Earth or a region of Earth.
Tamazight: ⴰⵟⵍⴰⵙ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴽⴰⵕⴹⵉⵡⵉⵏ; ⴳⴰⵏⵜ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵔⴰⴱⴱⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴽⴰⵕⴹⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵡⴰⴽⴰⵍ ⵙ ⵓⵎⴰⵜⴰ ⵏⵖ ⴷ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵡⴰⵏⵙⴰ ⴳ ⵡⴰⴽⴰⵍ.
English: This title provides Mercator's definition of the word as a description of the creation and form of the whole universe, not simply as a collection of maps.
Tamazight: ⴷⴰ ⵉⵙⵏⵉⵍ ⵓⵣⵡⵍ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵙⵏⵎⵍ ⵏ ⵎⵉⵔⴽⴰⵜⵓⵕ ⵉ ⵜⴳⵓⵔⵉ ⴷ ⴰⵙⵏⵓⵎⵎⵍ ⵉ ⵓⵙⵓⴼⵖ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵍⵖⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⵓⵔ ⴷ ⵖⴰⵔ ⵜⴰⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴽⴰⵕⴹⵉⵡⵉⵏ.
English: A desk atlas is made similar to a reference book.
Tamazight: ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⵡⴰⵟⵍⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⵔⵉⵙ ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ ⴰⴷⵍⵉⵙ ⴰⴷⵍⵙⵓⵎⵓⵖ.
English: In cartography, a contour line (often just called a "contour") joins points of equal elevation (height) above a given level, such as mean sea level.
Tamazight: “ⴳ ⵡⵓⵏⵓⵖ ⵏ ⵜⴽⴰⵕⴹⵉⵡⵉⵏ, ⴷⴰ ⵉⵙⵎⵓⵏ ⵓⵣⴳⵉⴳ ⴰⵡⵏⵏⴰⴹ (ⵙ ⵡⴰⵙⵙⴰⵖ ⵏ ““ⴰⵡⵏⵏⴰⴹ””) ⵜⵉⵏⵇⵇⴰⴹ ⵉⵏⴳⴰⴷⴷⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵜⴰⵜⵜⴰⵢⵜ (ⵜⴰⵜⵜⴰⵢⵜ) ⵅⴼ ⴽⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵡⵉⵔ, ⵣⵓⵏ ⵏ ⴰⵙⵡⵉⵏ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵡⵓⴷⵎ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵍⴻⵍ.”
English: The gradient of the function is always perpendicular to the contour lines.
Tamazight: ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵍⵉ ⵓⵙⴽⵯⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⵡⵓⵔⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵏⵏⴰⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵣⴳⵉⴳⵏ ⵉⵡⵏⵏⴰⴹⵏ.
English: Contour lines are curved, straight or a mixture of both lines on a map describing the intersection of a real or hypothetical surface with one or more horizontal planes.
Tamazight: ⵉⵣⴳⵉⴳⵏ ⵉⵡⵏⵏⴰⴹⵏ ⴳⴳⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⵏⵖ ⵓⵖⴷⵏ ⵏⵖ ⵙⵙⴰⵔⵏ ⵖⴼ ⵜⴽⴰⵕⴹⴰ ⴰⵔ ⵜⴰⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵉⵎⵉⵜⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵏⴰⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵡⵓⴷⵎ ⴰⴷⵜⵜⴰⵏ ⴷ ⴰⵔⴰⴷⵜⵜⴰⵏ ⴰⴽⴷ ⵓⵙⵡⵉⵔ ⴰⵎⵏⵉⴷⴰⵏ ⵏⵖ ⵓⴳⴰⵔ.
English: In 1701, Edmond Halley used such lines (isogons) on a chart of magnetic variation.
Tamazight: ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1701, ⵉⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵉⴷⵎⵓⵏⴷ ⵀⴰⵍⵉ ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵣⴳⵉⴳⵏ (ⵉⵣⵓⴳⵓⵏⵙ) ⴳ ⵓⵙⵖⵉⵡⵙ ⵏ ⴱⵟⵟⵓ ⴰⵎⵉⵖⵏⴰⵟⵉⵙⵉ.
English: In 1791, a map of France by J. L. Dupain-Triel used contour lines at 20-metre intervals, hachures, spot-heights and a vertical section.
Tamazight: ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1791, ⵜⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵊ.ⵍ ⴷⵓⴱⴰⵏ ⵜⵔⵉⵢⵍ ⵜⴰⴽⴰⵕⴹⴰ ⵏ ⴼⵕⴰⵏⵙⴰ ⴷ ⵉⵣⴳⵉⴳⵏ ⵉⵡⵏⵏⴰⴹⵏ ⴳ ⵉⵙⵜⵓⵎⵏ ⵏ 20 ⵎⵉⵜⵔ, ⴷ ⵓⵎⴰⵍⵓ, ⴷ ⵜⴰⵜⵜⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵏⵇⵇⴰⴹ, ⴷ ⵓⴱⵟⵟⵓ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵏⵉⴷ.
English: Isobaths were not routinely used on nautical charts until those of Russia from 1834, and those of Britain from 1838.
Tamazight: ⵓⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵉⵣⵓⴱⴰⵜⵙ ⵙ ⵜⴰⵍⵖⴰ ⵜⴰⴽⵓⵢⴰⵙⵜ ⴳ ⵜⴽⴰⵕⴷⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵍⴻⵍⵉⵜⵉⵏ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵉⵏ ⵔⵓⵙⵢⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1834, ⴷ ⵜⵉⵏ ⴱⵕⵉⵟⴰⵏⵢⴰ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1838.
English: As late as 1944, John K. Wright still preferred isogram, but it never attained wide usage.
Tamazight: ⴳ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⵉⵎⴰⴹⵍⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1944, ⵉⵙⵓⵍ ⵊⵓⵏ ⴽ. ⵕⴰⵢⵜ ⵉⵙⵓⵍ ⵉⵔⴰ ⵉⵣⵓⴳⵕⴰⵎ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵓⵔ ⵏⵏ ⵉⴳⵓⵍⴰ ⴰⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵏ ⵡⵓⴳⴰⵔ.
English: Despite attempts to select a single standard, all of these alternatives have survived to the present.
Tamazight: ⵡⴰⵅⵅⴰ ⴷ ⵉⵔⵉⵎⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵜⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢ, ⵉⵎⵓⵔⵙ ⵓⴱⵔⵉⴷ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵔ ⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵀⴰⵡⵜ.
English: Weather stations are seldom exactly positioned at a contour line (when they are, this indicates a measurement precisely equal to the value of the contour).
Tamazight: ⵉⴷⵔⵓⵙ ⵎⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵜⵓⵙⵉⵔⵉⵙⵏⵜ ⵜⵙⵓⵔⵙⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵣⵡⵉ ⵅⴼ ⵓⵣⴳⵉⴳ ⵏ ⵓⵡⵏⵏⴰⴹ (ⵉⴳ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵉⵎⴽ ⴰ, ⵉⵥⵍⵢ ⵓⵢⴰ ⵖⵔ ⵓⵏⴳⵉⴷⴷⴰ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵜⵉⴳ ⵏ ⵓⵡⵏⵏⴰⴹ).
English: In meteorology, the barometric pressures shown are reduced to sea level, not the surface pressures at the map locations.
Tamazight: ⴳ ⵜⴰⵙⵏⵣⵡⵉⵜ, ⴷⴰ ⵙⴷⵔⵉⵙⵏ ⵉⴱⵔⴰⴽⵏ ⵉⴱⴰⵕⵓⵎⵉⵜⵔⵉⵜⵏ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⴽⴰⵣⵏ ⵅⴼ ⵓⵙⵡⵉⵔ ⵏ ⵡⵓⴷⵎ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵍⴻⵍ, ⵓⵔ ⴷ ⵉⴱⵔⴰⴽⵏ ⵏ ⵡⵓⴷⵎ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵏⵙⵉⵡⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴽⴰⵕⴹⴰ.
English: Isallobars are lines joining points of equal pressure change during a specific time interval.
Tamazight: ⵉⵣⴳⵉⴳⵏ ⵉⵣⴰⵍⵍⵓⴱⴰⵕ ⴳⴰⵏ ⵉⵣⴳⵉⴳⵏ ⵉⵣⴷⴷⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵏⵇⵇⴰⴹ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⵏ ⵓⴱⵔⴰⴽ ⵉⴳⴰⴷⴷⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⵎⵎ ⵉⵡⵜⵜⴰ.
English: Isallobaric gradients are important components of the wind as they increase or decrease the geostrophic wind.
Tamazight: ⵜⵉⵙⴽⵯⴼⴰⵍ ⵏⴳⴰⴷⴷⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⴳⴰⵏⵜ ⵉⴼⵔⴷⵉⵙⵏ ⵉⴷⵙⵍⴰⵏⵏ ⵉ ⵓⵣⵡⵓ ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⴷⴰ ⵜⵜⵔⵏⵓⵏⵜ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵜⴷⵔⵉⵙⵏⵜ ⵙⴳ ⵓⵣⵡⵓ ⴰⵊⵢⵓⵙⵜⵔⵓⴼⵉ.
English: An isotherm at 0 °C is called the freezing level.
Tamazight: ⵉⴳⴰ ⵓⵙⵏⴳⴰⴷⴷⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵔⵖⵉ ⴳ 0 °C ⵏ ⵜⵙⴽⵯⴼⵍⵜ ⴳ ⵜⵎⵉⴹⵉ ⴰⵙⵡⵉⵔ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵔⵉⵙ.
English: From these contours, a sense of the general terrain can be determined.
Tamazight: ⵙⴳ ⵉⵣⴳⵉⴳⵏ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵡⵏⵏⴰⴹ ⵏⵖⵢ ⴰⴷ ⵏⴰⴽⵢ ⵙ ⵡⵓⴷⵎⴽⴰⵍ ⴰⵎⴰⵜⵓ.
English: In cartography, the contour interval is the elevation difference between adjacent contour lines.
Tamazight: ⴳ ⵡⵓⵏⵓⵖ ⵏ ⵜⴽⴰⵕⴹⵉⵡⵉⵏ, ⴱⵟⵟⵓ ⴰⵡⵏⵏⴰⴹ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜ ⴱⵟⵟⵓ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵜⵜⴰⵢⵜ ⴳⵔ ⵉⵣⴳⵉⴳⵏ ⵉⵡⵏⵏⴰⴹⵏ ⵜ ⵉⵡⴰⵍⴰⵏ.
English: Two or more contour lines merging indicates a cliff.
Tamazight: ⴷⴰ ⴷ ⵢⴰⴽⴽⴰ ⵓⵙⵎⵓⵏ ⵙⵉⵏ ⵉⵣⴳⵉⴳⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵏⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏⵖ ⵓⴳⴰⵔ ⴰⵊⴷⵉⵔ.
English: Usually contour intervals are consistent throughout a map, but there are exceptions.
Tamazight: ⴷⴰ ⴱⵟⵟⵓⵏⵜ ⵜⵉⵣⵣⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵣⴳⵉⴳ ⴰⵡⵏⵏⴰⴹ ⵅⴼ ⵜⵙⴳⴳⵯⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴽⴰⵕⴹⴰ ⵎⴰⴽⴰ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⵉⵎⵙⵍⴽⴰ.
English: Whether crossing an equipotential line represents ascending or descending the potential is inferred from the labels on the charges.
Tamazight: ⵉⴳ ⵉⵣⵔⵢ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵣⴳⵉⴳ ⵉⵏⴳⴰⴷⴷⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵜⴷⵓⵙⵉ ⵙ ⵢⵉⵍⵢ ⵏⵖ ⵓⴳⵓⵣ, ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⴼⴽⴰ ⵡⵓⵏⵣⵉⵖ ⵏ ⴽⵓ ⵜⴰⵙⵜⴽⵓⵔⵜ.
English: Acid precipitation is indicated on maps with isoplats.
Tamazight: ⴷⴰ ⴷ ⵢⴰⴽⴽⴰ ⵓⵣⵔⴷⵉⵅ ⴰⵏⵙⵎⵓⵎ ⵅⴼ ⵜⴽⴰⵕⴹⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵉⴷ ⵎⵎ ⵉⵣⵓⴱⵍⴰⵜⵙ.