BUG: Build from source fails for scikit-learn v1.6.1 on Windows 11 with Visual Studio Build Tools 2022, Ninja subprocess error

### Describe the bug

First of all, thank you guys for the fantastic job with Sklearn. 
I'm trying to build from source to start contributing to the project, but it ended with me bringing more issues to you. 
After struggling for some days with this problem, I'm seeking help. Maybe if you have some clue or workaround, I could open a Pull Request with the solution for this.

I am following the guidelines for [Contributing with Scikit-learn](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/developers/contributing.html#contributing), and for that, it is necessary to [Build from source on Windows](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/developers/advanced_installation.html#windows), which recomends install  Build Tools for Visual Studio 2019, but nowadays is not possible to download the 2019 version just the [Build Tools for Visual Studio 2022 installer](https://aka.ms/vs/17/release/vs_buildtools.exe).

The installation of Build Tools for Visual Studio 2022 runs smoothly(and also the initialization of its Environment), as well as the creation of the Python virtual environment and the installation of the packages `wheel, numpy, scipy, cython, meson-python, ninja`.

But in the step of building from source using the `pip install --editable`, the build breaks when Compiling C objects after some [C4090 warnings](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/cpp/error-messages/compiler-warnings/compiler-warning-level-1-c4090?view=msvc-170), throwing an `metadata-generation-failed error` from a subprocess of `ninja build`.

This seems related/similar to issue #31123. Despite not being the same problem, if we find a solution, it may work for both issues.

### Steps/Code to Reproduce

I have tried the steps using `pip install` and also `conda-forge` in different versions of Python: pip :{3.10.11, 3.12.7} conda:{ 3.13.2}  to check if it was a problem with Python/pip itself.

1. **Environment Setup:**
- OS:  Windows 11 Pro, Version 24H2, OS build 26100.3476
- System type: 64-bit operating system, x64-based processor
- Installed Visual Studio Build **2022**, version 17.13.5 (It is not possible to download from Microsoft the 2019 version as recommended)
  -  I also restarted the computer after installing (because it is Windows, so you never know)

![VSbuildTools](https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/3fd83a4d-0451-4c79-97f4-ff6d796a75d9)

2. **Project directory**
- `C:\Users\vitor.pohlenz\Documents\Python\vpz\scikit-learn`

3. **Installing compiler**
Installed [Microsoft build Tools 2022](https://aka.ms/vs/17/release/vs_buildtools.exe)

Initialized the enviroment:
```
SET DISTUTILS_USE_SDK=1

"C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\BuildTools\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
```
Which gives the output:

```
**********************************************************************
** Visual Studio 2022 Developer Command Prompt v17.13.5
** Copyright (c) 2022 Microsoft Corporation
**********************************************************************
[vcvarsall.bat] Environment initialized for: 'x64'
```
 
4. **Steps Using pip**, the same error occurs using Python 3.10 or 3.12. I will provide the steps and logs just for 3.10 for the sake of simplicity.

Navigated to the project directory: `C:\Users\vitor.pohlenz\Documents\Python\vpz\scikit-learn`

Created the Python virtual environment, upgraded pip, and installed the dependencies
```
py -3.10 -m venv envsklearn

envsklearn\Scripts\python.exe -m pip install --upgrade pip

envsklearn\Scripts\activate

pip install wheel numpy scipy cython meson-python ninja
```

Until here, everything works as expected. But when building from source, in the command below, the error occurs:

```
pip install --editable . --verbose --no-build-isolation --config-settings editable-verbose=true
```

5. **Using conda forge**:
To check if it wasn't a problem with pip I have also used `conda-forge`, as described in the [Building from Source tutorial](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/developers/advanced_installation.html#building-from-source):

`conda create -n sklearn-env -c conda-forge python numpy scipy cython meson-python ninja`
`conda activate sklearn-env`
`pip install --editable . --verbose --no-build-isolation --config-settings editable-verbose=true`

> Note: I used 2 different environment names to avoid confusion: `envsklearn` is the `venv` that uses `pip`, and `sklearn-env` is the `conda env`

### Expected Results

The build of scikit-learn should finish and install without error, or at least with a few warnings.

### Actual Results

## Using pip install
It seems that the Meson build system finds the compiler for C, C+++, and also the `ninja.exe` in the environment. But ninja subprocess breaks when compiling `C object sklearn/metrics/_dist_metrics.cp310-win_amd64.pyd.p/meson-generated_sklearn_metrics__dist_metrics.pyx.c.obj`

Error message:
```
[...]
[46/164] Compiling C object sklearn/metrics/_dist_metrics.cp310-win_amd64.pyd.p/meson-generated_sklearn_metrics__dist_metrics.pyx.c.obj
  sklearn/metrics/_dist_metrics.cp310-win_amd64.pyd.p/sklearn/metrics/_dist_metrics.pyx.c(29605): warning C4090: '=': different 'const' qualifiers
  sklearn/metrics/_dist_metrics.cp310-win_amd64.pyd.p/sklearn/metrics/_dist_metrics.pyx.c(30390): warning C4090: '=': different 'const' qualifiers
  sklearn/metrics/_dist_metrics.cp310-win_amd64.pyd.p/sklearn/metrics/_dist_metrics.pyx.c(49229): warning C4090: '=': different 'const' qualifiers
  sklearn/metrics/_dist_metrics.cp310-win_amd64.pyd.p/sklearn/metrics/_dist_metrics.pyx.c(50014): warning C4090: '=': different 'const' qualifiers
  ninja: build stopped: subcommand failed.
  INFO: autodetecting backend as ninja
  INFO: calculating backend command to run: C:\Users\vitor.pohlenz\Documents\Python\vpz\scikit-learn\envsklearn\Scripts\ninja.EXE
  error: subprocess-exited-with-error

  × Preparing editable metadata (pyproject.toml) did not run successfully.
  │ exit code: 1
  ╰─> See above for output.

  note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.
  full command: 'C:\Users\vitor.pohlenz\Documents\Python\vpz\scikit-learn\envsklearn\Scripts\python.exe' 'C:\Users\vitor.pohlenz\Documents\Python\vpz\scikit-learn\envsklearn\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\pyproject_hooks\_in_process\_in_process.py' prepare_metadata_for_build_editable 'C:\Users\VITOR~1.POH\AppData\Local\Temp\tmpp45ks547'
  cwd: C:\Users\vitor.pohlenz\Documents\Python\vpz\scikit-learn
  Preparing editable metadata (pyproject.toml) ... error
error: metadata-generation-failed

× Encountered error while generating package metadata.
╰─> See above for output.

note: This is an issue with the package mentioned above, not pip.
hint: See above for details.
```

<details><summary>Full Log</summary>

```
Using pip 25.0.1 from C:\Users\vitor.pohlenz\Documents\Python\vpz\scikit-learn\envsklearn\lib\site-packages\pip (python 3.10)
Obtaining file:///C:/Users/vitor.pohlenz/Documents/Python/vpz/scikit-learn
  Running command Checking if build backend supports build_editable
  Checking if build backend supports build_editable ... done
  Running command Preparing editable metadata (pyproject.toml)
  + meson setup --reconfigure C:\Users\vitor.pohlenz\Documents\Python\vpz\scikit-learn C:\Users\vitor.pohlenz\Documents\Python\vpz\scikit-learn\build\cp310 -Dbuildtype=release -Db_ndebug=if-release -Db_vscrt=md --native-file=C:\Users\vitor.pohlenz\Documents\Python\vpz\scikit-learn\build\cp310\meson-python-native-file.ini
  Cleaning... 0 files.
  The Meson build system
  Version: 1.7.1
  Source dir: C:\Users\vitor.pohlenz\Documents\Python\vpz\scikit-learn
  Build dir: C:\Users\vitor.pohlenz\Documents\Python\vpz\scikit-learn\build\cp310
  Build type: native build
  Project name: scikit-learn
  Project version: 1.7.dev0
  C compiler for the host machine: cl (msvc 19.43.34809 "Microsoft (R) C/C++ Optimizing Compiler Version 19.43.34809 for x64")
  C linker for the host machine: link link 14.43.34809.0
  C++ compiler for the host machine: cl (msvc 19.43.34809 "Microsoft (R) C/C++ Optimizing Compiler Version 19.43.34809 for x64")
  C++ linker for the host machine: link link 14.43.34809.0
  Cython compiler for the host machine: cython (cython 3.0.12)
  Host machine cpu family: x86_64
  Host machine cpu: x86_64
  Compiler for C supports arguments -Wno-unused-but-set-variable: NO (cached)
  Compiler for C supports arguments -Wno-unused-function: NO (cached)
  Compiler for C supports arguments -Wno-conversion: NO (cached)
  Compiler for C supports arguments -Wno-misleading-indentation: NO (cached)
  Library m found: NO
  Program sklearn/_build_utils/tempita.py found: YES (C:\Users\vitor.pohlenz\Documents\Python\vpz\scikit-learn\envsklearn\Scripts\python.exe C:\Users\vitor.pohlenz\Documents\Python\vpz\scikit-learn\sklearn/_build_utils/tempita.py)
  Program python found: YES (C:\Users\vitor.pohlenz\Documents\Python\vpz\scikit-learn\envsklearn\Scripts\python.exe)
  Dependency OpenMP found: YES 2.0 (cached)
  Build targets in project: 111

  scikit-learn 1.7.dev0

    User defined options
      Native files: C:\Users\vitor.pohlenz\Documents\Python\vpz\scikit-learn\build\cp310\meson-python-native-file.ini
      b_ndebug    : if-release
      b_vscrt     : md
      buildtype   : release

  Found ninja.EXE-1.11.1.git.kitware.jobserver-1 at C:\Users\vitor.pohlenz\Documents\Python\vpz\scikit-learn\envsklearn\Scripts\ninja.EXE
  + meson compile
  [1/164] Generating sklearn/write_built_with_meson_file with a custom command
  [2/164] Compiling Cython source C:/Users/vitor.pohlenz/Documents/Python/vpz/scikit-learn/sklearn/metrics/cluster/_expected_mutual_info_fast.pyx
  [3/164] Compiling Cython source sklearn/utils/_seq_dataset.pyx
  [4/164] Compiling Cython source C:/Users/vitor.pohlenz/Documents/Python/vpz/scikit-learn/sklearn/cluster/_dbscan_inner.pyx
  [5/164] Compiling Cython source C:/Users/vitor.pohlenz/Documents/Python/vpz/scikit-learn/sklearn/utils/_vector_sentinel.pyx
  [6/164] Compiling Cython source C:/Users/vitor.pohlenz/Documents/Python/vpz/scikit-learn/sklearn/metrics/_pairwise_fast.pyx
  [7/164] Compiling Cython source sklearn/utils/_weight_vector.pyx
  [8/164] Compiling Cython source C:/Users/vitor.pohlenz/Documents/Python/vpz/scikit-learn/sklearn/utils/_isfinite.pyx
  [9/164] Compiling Cython source C:/Users/vitor.pohlenz/Documents/Python/vpz/scikit-learn/sklearn/cluster/_hierarchical_fast.pyx
  [10/164] Compiling Cython source sklearn/metrics/_pairwise_distances_reduction/_base.pyx
  [11/164] Compiling Cython source C:/Users/vitor.pohlenz/Documents/Python/vpz/scikit-learn/sklearn/utils/_fast_dict.pyx
  [12/164] Compiling Cython source C:/Users/vitor.pohlenz/Documents/Python/vpz/scikit-learn/sklearn/utils/arrayfuncs.pyx
  [13/164] Compiling Cython source C:/Users/vitor.pohlenz/Documents/Python/vpz/scikit-learn/sklearn/cluster/_k_means_common.pyx
  [14/164] Compiling Cython source sklearn/metrics/_pairwise_distances_reduction/_datasets_pair.pyx
  [15/164] Compiling Cython source sklearn/metrics/_pairwise_distances_reduction/_argkmin_classmode.pyx
  [16/164] Compiling Cython source sklearn/metrics/_pairwise_distances_reduction/_argkmin.pyx
  [17/164] Compiling Cython source sklearn/metrics/_pairwise_distances_reduction/_radius_neighbors_classmode.pyx
  [18/164] Compiling Cython source C:/Users/vitor.pohlenz/Documents/Python/vpz/scikit-learn/sklearn/utils/_cython_blas.pyx
  [19/164] Compiling Cython source sklearn/metrics/_pairwise_distances_reduction/_middle_term_computer.pyx
  [20/164] Compiling C object sklearn/utils/_weight_vector.cp310-win_amd64.pyd.p/meson-generated_sklearn_utils__weight_vector.pyx.c.obj
  [21/164] Compiling Cython source C:/Users/vitor.pohlenz/Documents/Python/vpz/scikit-learn/sklearn/utils/sparsefuncs_fast.pyx
  [22/164] Compiling Cython source sklearn/metrics/_pairwise_distances_reduction/_radius_neighbors.pyx
  [23/164] Compiling Cython source sklearn/metrics/_dist_metrics.pyx
  warning: sklearn\metrics\_dist_metrics.pyx:855:44: Assigning to 'float64_t *' from 'const float64_t *' discards const qualifier

  warning: sklearn\metrics\_dist_metrics.pyx:918:40: Assigning to 'float64_t *' from 'const float64_t *' discards const qualifier

  warning: sklearn\metrics\_dist_metrics.pyx:3435:44: Assigning to 'float32_t *' from 'const float32_t *' discards const qualifier

  warning: sklearn\metrics\_dist_metrics.pyx:3498:40: Assigning to 'float32_t *' from 'const float32_t *' discards const qualifier

  [24/164] Compiling C object sklearn/utils/_seq_dataset.cp310-win_amd64.pyd.p/meson-generated_sklearn_utils__seq_dataset.pyx.c.obj
  [25/164] Compiling C++ object sklearn/metrics/_pairwise_distances_reduction/_radius_neighbors_classmode.cp310-win_amd64.pyd.p/meson-generated_sklearn_metrics__pairwise_distances_reduction__radius_neighbors_classmode.pyx.cpp.obj
  FAILED: sklearn/metrics/_pairwise_distances_reduction/_radius_neighbors_classmode.cp310-win_amd64.pyd.p/meson-generated_sklearn_metrics__pairwise_distances_reduction__radius_neighbors_classmode.pyx.cpp.obj
  "cl" "-Isklearn\metrics\_pairwise_distances_reduction\_radius_neighbors_classmode.cp310-win_amd64.pyd.p" "-Isklearn\metrics\_pairwise_distances_reduction" "-I..\..\sklearn\metrics\_pairwise_distances_reduction" "-I..\..\envsklearn\lib\site-packages\numpy\_core\include" "-IC:\Program Files\WindowsApps\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.10_3.10.3056.0_x64__qbz5n2kfra8p0\Include" "-DNDEBUG" "/MD" "/nologo" "/showIncludes" "/utf-8" "/Zc:__cplusplus" "/W2" "/EHsc" "/std:c++14" "/permissive-" "/O2" "/Gw" "-DMS_WIN64=" "/openmp" "-DNPY_NO_DEPRECATED_API=NPY_1_9_API_VERSION" "/Fdsklearn\metrics\_pairwise_distances_reduction\_radius_neighbors_classmode.cp310-win_amd64.pyd.p\meson-generated_sklearn_metrics__pairwise_distances_reduction__radius_neighbors_classmode.pyx.cpp.pdb" /Fosklearn/metrics/_pairwise_distances_reduction/_radius_neighbors_classmode.cp310-win_amd64.pyd.p/meson-generated_sklearn_metrics__pairwise_distances_reduction__radius_neighbors_classmode.pyx.cpp.obj "/c" sklearn/metrics/_pairwise_distances_reduction/_radius_neighbors_classmode.cp310-win_amd64.pyd.p/sklearn/metrics/_pairwise_distances_reduction/_radius_neighbors_classmode.pyx.cpp
  sklearn/metrics/_pairwise_distances_reduction/_radius_neighbors_classmode.cp310-win_amd64.pyd.p/sklearn/metrics/_pairwise_distances_reduction/_radius_neighbors_classmode.pyx.cpp(32619): warning C4551: function call missing argument list
  C:\Users\vitor.pohlenz\Documents\Python\vpz\scikit-learn\build\cp310\sklearn\metrics\_pairwise_distances_reduction\_radius_neighbors_classmode.cp310-win_amd64.pyd.p\sklearn\metrics\_pairwise_distances_reduction\_radius_neighbors_classmode.pyx.cpp : fatal error C1083: Cannot open compiler generated file: '': Invalid argument
  [26/164] Linking target sklearn/utils/_weight_vector.cp310-win_amd64.pyd
     Creating library sklearn\utils\_weight_vector.cp310-win_amd64.lib and object sklearn\utils\_weight_vector.cp310-win_amd64.exp
  [27/164] Linking target sklearn/utils/_seq_dataset.cp310-win_amd64.pyd
     Creating library sklearn\utils\_seq_dataset.cp310-win_amd64.lib and object sklearn\utils\_seq_dataset.cp310-win_amd64.exp

  [28/164] Compiling C++ object sklearn/utils/_vector_sentinel.cp310-win_amd64.pyd.p/meson-generated_sklearn_utils__vector_sentinel.pyx.cpp.obj
  sklearn/utils/_vector_sentinel.cp310-win_amd64.pyd.p/sklearn/utils/_vector_sentinel.pyx.cpp(15416): warning C4551: function call missing argument list
  [29/164] Compiling C object sklearn/metrics/_pairwise_fast.cp310-win_amd64.pyd.p/meson-generated_sklearn_metrics__pairwise_fast.pyx.c.obj
  [30/164] Compiling C++ object sklearn/cluster/_dbscan_inner.cp310-win_amd64.pyd.p/meson-generated_sklearn_cluster__dbscan_inner.pyx.cpp.obj
  sklearn/cluster/_dbscan_inner.cp310-win_amd64.pyd.p/sklearn/cluster/_dbscan_inner.pyx.cpp(23107): warning C4551: function call missing argument list
  [31/164] Compiling C object sklearn/metrics/cluster/_expected_mutual_info_fast.cp310-win_amd64.pyd.p/meson-generated_sklearn_metrics_cluster__expected_mutual_info_fast.pyx.c.obj
  sklearn/metrics/cluster/_expected_mutual_info_fast.cp310-win_amd64.pyd.p/sklearn/metrics/cluster/_expected_mutual_info_fast.pyx.c(18720): warning C4244: 'function': conversion from 'Py_ssize_t' to 'double', possible loss of data
  sklearn/metrics/cluster/_expected_mutual_info_fast.cp310-win_amd64.pyd.p/sklearn/metrics/cluster/_expected_mutual_info_fast.pyx.c(18720): warning C4244: 'function': conversion from 'Py_ssize_t' to 'double', possible loss of data
  sklearn/metrics/cluster/_expected_mutual_info_fast.cp310-win_amd64.pyd.p/sklearn/metrics/cluster/_expected_mutual_info_fast.pyx.c(18720): warning C4244: 'function': conversion from 'Py_ssize_t' to 'double', possible loss of data
  [32/164] Compiling C object sklearn/utils/arrayfuncs.cp310-win_amd64.pyd.p/meson-generated_sklearn_utils_arrayfuncs.pyx.c.obj
  [33/164] Compiling C++ object sklearn/utils/_fast_dict.cp310-win_amd64.pyd.p/meson-generated_sklearn_utils__fast_dict.pyx.cpp.obj
  sklearn/utils/_fast_dict.cp310-win_amd64.pyd.p/sklearn/utils/_fast_dict.pyx.cpp(26950): warning C4551: function call missing argument list
  [34/164] Compiling C object sklearn/utils/_isfinite.cp310-win_amd64.pyd.p/meson-generated_sklearn_utils__isfinite.pyx.c.obj
  [35/164] Compiling C++ object sklearn/metrics/_pairwise_distances_reduction/_argkmin_classmode.cp310-win_amd64.pyd.p/meson-generated_sklearn_metrics__pairwise_distances_reduction__argkmin_classmode.pyx.cpp.obj
  cl : Command line warning D9002 : ignoring unknown option '-fno-sized-deallocation'
  sklearn/metrics/_pairwise_distances_reduction/_argkmin_classmode.cp310-win_amd64.pyd.p/sklearn/metrics/_pairwise_distances_reduction/_argkmin_classmode.pyx.cpp(29323): warning C4551: function call missing argument list
  [36/164] Compiling C++ object sklearn/metrics/_pairwise_distances_reduction/_base.cp310-win_amd64.pyd.p/meson-generated_sklearn_metrics__pairwise_distances_reduction__base.pyx.cpp.obj
  sklearn/metrics/_pairwise_distances_reduction/_base.cp310-win_amd64.pyd.p/sklearn/metrics/_pairwise_distances_reduction/_base.pyx.cpp(32606): warning C4551: function call missing argument list
  [37/164] Compiling C++ object sklearn/metrics/_pairwise_distances_reduction/_argkmin.cp310-win_amd64.pyd.p/meson-generated_sklearn_metrics__pairwise_distances_reduction__argkmin.pyx.cpp.obj
  sklearn/metrics/_pairwise_distances_reduction/_argkmin.cp310-win_amd64.pyd.p/sklearn/metrics/_pairwise_distances_reduction/_argkmin.pyx.cpp(35870): warning C4551: function call missing argument list
  [38/164] Compiling C++ object sklearn/metrics/_pairwise_distances_reduction/_middle_term_computer.cp310-win_amd64.pyd.p/meson-generated_sklearn_metrics__pairwise_distances_reduction__middle_term_computer.pyx.cpp.obj
  sklearn/metrics/_pairwise_distances_reduction/_middle_term_computer.cp310-win_amd64.pyd.p/sklearn/metrics/_pairwise_distances_reduction/_middle_term_computer.pyx.cpp(42045): warning C4551: function call missing argument list
  [39/164] Compiling C++ object sklearn/cluster/_hierarchical_fast.cp310-win_amd64.pyd.p/meson-generated_sklearn_cluster__hierarchical_fast.pyx.cpp.obj
  sklearn/cluster/_hierarchical_fast.cp310-win_amd64.pyd.p/sklearn/cluster/_hierarchical_fast.pyx.cpp(23677): warning C4244: '=': conversion from '__pyx_t_7sklearn_5utils_9_typedefs_intp_t' to '__pyx_t_7sklearn_5utils_9_typedefs_float64_t', possible loss of data
  sklearn/cluster/_hierarchical_fast.cp310-win_amd64.pyd.p/sklearn/cluster/_hierarchical_fast.pyx.cpp(23688): warning C4244: '=': conversion from '__pyx_t_7sklearn_5utils_9_typedefs_intp_t' to '__pyx_t_7sklearn_5utils_9_typedefs_float64_t', possible loss of data
  sklearn/cluster/_hierarchical_fast.cp310-win_amd64.pyd.p/sklearn/cluster/_hierarchical_fast.pyx.cpp(23712): warning C4244: '=': conversion from '__pyx_t_7sklearn_5utils_9_typedefs_intp_t' to '__pyx_t_7sklearn_5utils_9_typedefs_float64_t', possible loss of data
  sklearn/cluster/_hierarchical_fast.cp310-win_amd64.pyd.p/sklearn/cluster/_hierarchical_fast.pyx.cpp(24838): warning C4244: '=': conversion from '__pyx_t_7sklearn_5utils_9_typedefs_intp_t' to '__pyx_t_7sklearn_5utils_9_typedefs_float64_t', possible loss of data
  sklearn/cluster/_hierarchical_fast.cp310-win_amd64.pyd.p/sklearn/cluster/_hierarchical_fast.pyx.cpp(24849): warning C4244: '=': conversion from '__pyx_t_7sklearn_5utils_9_typedefs_intp_t' to '__pyx_t_7sklearn_5utils_9_typedefs_float64_t', possible loss of data
  sklearn/cluster/_hierarchical_fast.cp310-win_amd64.pyd.p/sklearn/cluster/_hierarchical_fast.pyx.cpp(33802): warning C4551: function call missing argument list
  [40/164] Compiling C++ object sklearn/metrics/_pairwise_distances_reduction/_datasets_pair.cp310-win_amd64.pyd.p/meson-generated_sklearn_metrics__pairwise_distances_reduction__datasets_pair.pyx.cpp.obj
  sklearn/metrics/_pairwise_distances_reduction/_datasets_pair.cp310-win_amd64.pyd.p/sklearn/metrics/_pairwise_distances_reduction/_datasets_pair.pyx.cpp(43425): warning C4551: function call missing argument list
  [41/164] Compiling C++ object sklearn/metrics/_pairwise_distances_reduction/_radius_neighbors.cp310-win_amd64.pyd.p/meson-generated_sklearn_metrics__pairwise_distances_reduction__radius_neighbors.pyx.cpp.obj
  sklearn/metrics/_pairwise_distances_reduction/_radius_neighbors.cp310-win_amd64.pyd.p/sklearn/metrics/_pairwise_distances_reduction/_radius_neighbors.pyx.cpp(38873): warning C4551: function call missing argument list
  [42/164] Compiling C object sklearn/cluster/_k_means_common.cp310-win_amd64.pyd.p/meson-generated_sklearn_cluster__k_means_common.pyx.c.obj
  [43/164] Compiling Cython source sklearn/_loss/_loss.pyx
  [44/164] Compiling C object sklearn/utils/_cython_blas.cp310-win_amd64.pyd.p/meson-generated_sklearn_utils__cython_blas.pyx.c.obj
  [45/164] Compiling C object sklearn/utils/sparsefuncs_fast.cp310-win_amd64.pyd.p/meson-generated_sklearn_utils_sparsefuncs_fast.pyx.c.obj
  [46/164] Compiling C object sklearn/metrics/_dist_metrics.cp310-win_amd64.pyd.p/meson-generated_sklearn_metrics__dist_metrics.pyx.c.obj
  sklearn/metrics/_dist_metrics.cp310-win_amd64.pyd.p/sklearn/metrics/_dist_metrics.pyx.c(29605): warning C4090: '=': different 'const' qualifiers
  sklearn/metrics/_dist_metrics.cp310-win_amd64.pyd.p/sklearn/metrics/_dist_metrics.pyx.c(30390): warning C4090: '=': different 'const' qualifiers
  sklearn/metrics/_dist_metrics.cp310-win_amd64.pyd.p/sklearn/metrics/_dist_metrics.pyx.c(49229): warning C4090: '=': different 'const' qualifiers
  sklearn/metrics/_dist_metrics.cp310-win_amd64.pyd.p/sklearn/metrics/_dist_metrics.pyx.c(50014): warning C4090: '=': different 'const' qualifiers
  ninja: build stopped: subcommand failed.
  INFO: autodetecting backend as ninja
  INFO: calculating backend command to run: C:\Users\vitor.pohlenz\Documents\Python\vpz\scikit-learn\envsklearn\Scripts\ninja.EXE
  error: subprocess-exited-with-error

  × Preparing editable metadata (pyproject.toml) did not run successfully.
  │ exit code: 1
  ╰─> See above for output.

  note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.
  full command: 'C:\Users\vitor.pohlenz\Documents\Python\vpz\scikit-learn\envsklearn\Scripts\python.exe' 'C:\Users\vitor.pohlenz\Documents\Python\vpz\scikit-learn\envsklearn\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\pyproject_hooks\_in_process\_in_process.py' prepare_metadata_for_build_editable 'C:\Users\VITOR~1.POH\AppData\Local\Temp\tmpp45ks547'
  cwd: C:\Users\vitor.pohlenz\Documents\Python\vpz\scikit-learn
  Preparing editable metadata (pyproject.toml) ... error
error: metadata-generation-failed

× Encountered error while generating package metadata.
╰─> See above for output.

note: This is an issue with the package mentioned above, not pip.
hint: See above for details.
```

</details> 

## Using Conda

For `conda env`, the problem seems to be associated with `undeclared identifiers` and `syntax errors`

```
 [22/136] Compiling C++ object sklearn/metrics/_pairwise_distances_reduction/_middle_term_computer.cp313t-win_amd64.pyd.p/meson-generated_sklearn_metrics__pairwise_distances_reduction__middle_term_computer.pyx.cpp.obj
  FAILED: sklearn/metrics/_pairwise_distances_reduction/_middle_term_computer.cp313t-win_amd64.pyd.p/meson-generated_sklearn_metrics__pairwise_distances_reduction__middle_term_computer.pyx.cpp.obj
  "cl" "-Isklearn\metrics\_pairwise_distances_reduction\_middle_term_computer.cp313t-win_amd64.pyd.p" "-Isklearn\metrics\_pairwise_distances_reduction" "-I..\..\sklearn\metrics\_pairwise_distances_reduction" "-I..\..\..\..\..\..\AppData\Local\anaconda3\envs\sklearn-env\Lib\site-packages\numpy\_core\include" "-IC:\Users\vitor.pohlenz\AppData\Local\anaconda3\envs\sklearn-env\Include" "-DNDEBUG" "/MD" "/nologo" "/showIncludes" "/utf-8" "/Zc:__cplusplus" "/W2" "/EHsc" "/std:c++14" "/permissive-" "/O2" "/Gw" "-DPy_GIL_DISABLED" "-DNPY_NO_DEPRECATED_API=NPY_1_9_API_VERSION" "/Fdsklearn\metrics\_pairwise_distances_reduction\_middle_term_computer.cp313t-win_amd64.pyd.p\meson-generated_sklearn_metrics__pairwise_distances_reduction__middle_term_computer.pyx.cpp.pdb" /Fosklearn/metrics/_pairwise_distances_reduction/_middle_term_computer.cp313t-win_amd64.pyd.p/meson-generated_sklearn_metrics__pairwise_distances_reduction__middle_term_computer.pyx.cpp.obj "/c" sklearn/metrics/_pairwise_distances_reduction/_middle_term_computer.cp313t-win_amd64.pyd.p/sklearn/metrics/_pairwise_distances_reduction/_middle_term_computer.pyx.cpp

[lots of lines similar to the line below ...]

 sklearn/metrics/_pairwise_distances_reduction/_middle_term_computer.cp313t-win_amd64.pyd.p/sklearn/metrics/_pairwise_distances_reduction/_middle_term_computer.pyx.cpp(43156): error C2065: 'vc': undeclared identifier
  ninja: build stopped: subcommand failed.
  INFO: autodetecting backend as ninja
  INFO: calculating backend command to run: C:\Users\vitor.pohlenz\AppData\Local\anaconda3\envs\sklearn-env\Library\bin\ninja.EXE
  error: subprocess-exited-with-error

  × Preparing editable metadata (pyproject.toml) did not run successfully.
  │ exit code: 1
  ╰─> See above for output.

  note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.
  full command: 'C:\Users\vitor.pohlenz\AppData\Local\anaconda3\envs\sklearn-env\python.exe' 'C:\Users\vitor.pohlenz\AppData\Local\anaconda3\envs\sklearn-env\Lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\pyproject_hooks\_in_process\_in_process.py' prepare_metadata_for_build_editable 'C:\Users\VITOR~1.POH\AppData\Local\Temp\tmp25gfqq4d'
  cwd: C:\Users\vitor.pohlenz\Documents\Python\vpz\scikit-learn
  Preparing editable metadata (pyproject.toml) ... error
error: metadata-generation-failed

× Encountered error while generating package metadata.
╰─> See above for output.

note: This is an issue with the package mentioned above, not pip.
hint: See above for details.

``` 

[Gist of Full conda log](https://gist.github.com/vitorpohlenz/bc6a1599e99e4042b31cdde1d406054c)


### Versions

```shell
## General and OS

- OS: Windows 11 Pro, Version 24H2, OS build 26100.3476
- System type: 64-bit operating system, x64-based processor
- Installed Visual Studio Build 2022, version 17.13.5

Neither using `pip` in the `venv`, nor using `conda env`, I could use the `import sklearn; sklearn.show_versions()`.

### venv using pip

- Python: 3.10.11
- pip 25.0.1
- Libs inside env:
  - Cython==3.0.12
  - meson==1.7.2
  - meson-python==0.17.1
  - ninja==1.11.1.4
  - numpy==2.2.4
  - packaging==24.2
  - pyproject-metadata==0.9.1
  - scipy==1.15.2
  - tomli==2.2.1


### conda env

- Python 3.13.2
- conda 24.11.3

Libs inside conda env:

# Name                    Version                   Build  Channel
bzip2                     1.0.8                h2466b09_7    conda-forge
ca-certificates           2025.1.31            h56e8100_0    conda-forge
cython                    3.0.12           pyh2c78169_100    conda-forge
intel-openmp              2024.2.1          h57928b3_1083    conda-forge
libblas                   3.9.0           31_h641d27c_mkl    conda-forge
libcblas                  3.9.0           31_h5e41251_mkl    conda-forge
libexpat                  2.7.0                he0c23c2_0    conda-forge
libffi                    3.4.6                h537db12_1    conda-forge
libhwloc                  2.11.2          default_ha69328c_1001    conda-forge
libiconv                  1.18                 h135ad9c_1    conda-forge
liblapack                 3.9.0           31_h1aa476e_mkl    conda-forge
liblzma                   5.8.1                h2466b09_0    conda-forge
libmpdec                  4.0.0                h2466b09_0    conda-forge
libsqlite                 3.49.1               h67fdade_2    conda-forge
libwinpthread             12.0.0.r4.gg4f2fc60ca      h57928b3_9    conda-forge
libxml2                   2.14.0               had0eb51_0    conda-forge
libzlib                   1.3.1                h2466b09_2    conda-forge
meson                     1.7.1              pyhd8ed1ab_0    conda-forge
meson-python              0.17.1             pyh70fd9c4_1    conda-forge
mkl                       2024.2.2            h66d3029_15    conda-forge
ninja                     1.12.1               hc790b64_0    conda-forge
numpy                     2.2.4           py313hd96daed_0    conda-forge
openssl                   3.4.1                ha4e3fda_0    conda-forge
packaging                 24.2               pyhd8ed1ab_2    conda-forge
pip                       25.0.1             pyh145f28c_0    conda-forge
pyproject-metadata        0.9.1              pyhd8ed1ab_0    conda-forge
python                    3.13.2          hd7c436d_1_cp313t    conda-forge
python_abi                3.13                   5_cp313t    conda-forge
scipy                     1.15.2          py313h8a36d7e_0    conda-forge
setuptools                78.1.0             pyhff2d567_0    conda-forge
tbb                       2021.13.0            h62715c5_1    conda-forge
tk                        8.6.13               h5226925_1    conda-forge
tomli                     2.2.1              pyhd8ed1ab_1    conda-forge
tzdata                    2025b                h78e105d_0    conda-forge
ucrt                      10.0.22621.0         h57928b3_1    conda-forge
vc                        14.3                h2b53caa_26    conda-forge
vc14_runtime              14.42.34438         hfd919c2_26    conda-forge
```

COMMENT:
> On the conda env, for some unknown reason you are using free-threaded in your conda env, note cp313t (rather than cp313) in your build for python:
> 
> ```
> python                    3.13.2          hd7c436d_1_cp313t    conda-forge
> ```
> 
> Can you try in a new conda env where you explicitly mention `python=3.12` [1](#user-content-fn-1-21f580152ee56b6d159bbf5e0878c387)
> 
> ## Footnotes
> 1. this seems like the easiest work-around off the top of my head to avoid getting a free-threaded Python. I seem to remember issues at one point where `python-freethreading` was picked rather than vanilla CPython but I thought they had been fixed. Searching for them I was only able to find https://github.com/conda-forge/python-feedstock/issues/738 or https://github.com/conda-incubator/setup-miniconda/issues/395. [↩](#user-content-fnref-1-21f580152ee56b6d159bbf5e0878c387)

@lesteve great tip!

If I downgrade Python to 3.12.9 inside the conda env, I can build it from source. The problem seems to be associated with Python 3.13, as you mentioned.

Here are the versions that work in conda env:

<details><summary>sklearn.show_versions() in C:/  conda env</summary>
<p>

System:
    python: 3.12.9 | packaged by conda-forge | (main, Mar  4 2025, 22:37:18) [MSC v.1943 64 bit (AMD64)]
executable: C:\Users\vitor.pohlenz\AppData\Local\anaconda3\envs\sklearn-env-new\python.exe
   machine: Windows-11-10.0.26100-SP0

Python dependencies:
      sklearn: 1.7.dev0
          pip: 25.0.1
   setuptools: 78.1.0
        numpy: 2.2.4
        scipy: 1.15.2
       Cython: 3.0.12
       pandas: None
   matplotlib: None
       joblib: 1.4.2
threadpoolctl: 3.6.0

Built with OpenMP: True

threadpoolctl info:
       user_api: blas
   internal_api: mkl
    num_threads: 14
         prefix: libblas
       filepath: C:\Users\vitor.pohlenz\AppData\Local\anaconda3\envs\sklearn-env-new\Library\bin\libblas.dll
        version: 2024.2.2-Product
threading_layer: intel

       user_api: openmp
   internal_api: openmp
    num_threads: 20
         prefix: vcomp
       filepath: C:\Users\vitor.pohlenz\AppData\Local\anaconda3\envs\sklearn-env-new\vcomp140.dll
        version: None

</p>
</details>

Labels: Bug