`type_of_target` returns `unknown` for valid arrays of dtype `object`

### Describe the bug

`sklearn.utils.multiclass.type_of_target` returns unknown for arrays of integers if they have a dtype of `object`, when it should instead return a valid type.

I would be happy to contribute a fix, but I'm not entirely sure how the failing condition should be corrected:
https://github.com/scikit-learn/scikit-learn/blob/45756377c748d84aa52f66950b8d9eeefc31456c/sklearn/utils/multiclass.py#L317-L319

### Steps/Code to Reproduce

```python
import pandas as pd
from sklearn.utils.multiclass import type_of_target

series = pd.Series(['a', 'b'])
series.loc[series == 'a'] = 0
series.loc[series == 'b'] = 1

print(series)
print(type_of_target(series))
print(type_of_target(list(series)))
```
Output is `unknown` whereas once converted to a list, the output is `binary` as expected.

### Expected Results

`type_of_target` returns a valid type (`binary`).

### Actual Results

This issue resulted in enigmatic errors when using dependent functions such as `confusion_matrix`, e.g.:
```
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "test.py", line 214, in <module>
    cm = confusion_matrix(y_test, prediction_classes)
  File "~/.pyenv/versions/wat/lib/python3.8/site-packages/sklearn/metrics/_classification.py", line 307, in confusion_matrix
    y_type, y_true, y_pred = _check_targets(y_true, y_pred)
  File "~/.pyenv/versions/wat/lib/python3.8/site-packages/sklearn/metrics/_classification.py", line 93, in _check_targets
    raise ValueError(
ValueError: Classification metrics can't handle a mix of unknown and binary targets
```

### Versions

```shell
System:
    python: 3.8.0 (default, Oct  6 2020, 12:20:13)  [GCC 6.5.0 20181026]
executable: ~/.pyenv/versions/wat/bin/python3
   machine: Linux-4.15.0-132-generic-x86_64-with-glibc2.27

Python dependencies:
      sklearn: 1.1.2
          pip: 22.0.4
   setuptools: 58.1.0
        numpy: 1.23.2
        scipy: 1.6.0
       Cython: 0.29.21
       pandas: 1.1.3
   matplotlib: 3.3.3
       joblib: 1.0.0
threadpoolctl: 2.1.0

Built with OpenMP: True
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "_ctypes/callbacks.c", line 237, in 'calling callback function'
  File "~/.pyenv/versions/wat/lib/python3.8/site-packages/threadpoolctl.py", line 400, in match_module_callback
    self._make_module_from_path(filepath)
  File "~/.pyenv/versions/wat/lib/python3.8/site-packages/threadpoolctl.py", line 515, in _make_module_from_path
    module = module_class(filepath, prefix, user_api, internal_api)
  File "~/.pyenv/versions/wat/lib/python3.8/site-packages/threadpoolctl.py", line 606, in __init__
    self.version = self.get_version()
  File "~/.pyenv/versions/wat/lib/python3.8/site-packages/threadpoolctl.py", line 646, in get_version
    config = get_config().split()
AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'split'

threadpoolctl info:
       filepath: ~/.pyenv/versions/3.8.0/envs/wat/lib/python3.8/site-packages/scikit_learn.libs/libgomp-a34b3233.so.1.0.0
         prefix: libgomp
       user_api: openmp
   internal_api: openmp
        version: None
    num_threads: 8

       filepath: ~/.pyenv/versions/3.8.0/envs/wat/lib/python3.8/site-packages/scipy.libs/libopenblasp-r0-085ca80a.3.9.so
         prefix: libopenblas
       user_api: blas
   internal_api: openblas
        version: 0.3.9
    num_threads: 8
threading_layer: pthreads
```

COMMENT:
> Yup, that is certainly a very useful feature! I'm not sure if LightGBM can also handle string labels though - which is what is being used in the notebook. If so, then I guess the author wasn't aware of that.

If their estimator is compatible (which I think it is), it will work just fine.

> Regarding the issue, perhaps the parameters could be converted to lists before the attempting to infer the type (maybe as a fallback attempt)?

I foresee a performance drop when it comes to converting data. It is much better to raise an error stating that one should either use an object array containing strings or encode the values in a contiguous numerical array.

Labels: Enhancement, module:utils