`check_array` can call `array.astype(None)`, raising ValueError if pandas extension types are present in a pd.DataFrame `array`

### Describe the bug

At [check_array](https://github.com/scikit-learn/scikit-learn/blob/main/sklearn/utils/validation.py#L777), `dtype_orig` is determined for `array` objects that are pandas DataFrames by checking `all(isinstance(dtype_iter, np.dtype) for dtype_iter in dtypes_orig)`. This excludes the pandas nullable extension types such as `boolean`, `Int64`, and `Float64`, resulting in a `dtype_orig` of `None`. 

If `pandas_requires_conversion`, then there ends up being a [call](https://github.com/scikit-learn/scikit-learn/blob/main/sklearn/utils/validation.py#L810) to `array = array.astype(None)`, which pandas will take to mean a conversion to `float64` should be attempted. If non numeric/boolean data is present in `array`, this can result in a `ValueError: could not convert string to float: ` being raised if the data has the `object` dtype with string data or `ValueError: Cannot cast object dtype to float64` if the data has the `category` dtype with `object` categories.

I first found this in using the imblearn `SMOTEN` and `SMOTENC` oversamplers, but this could happen from other uses of `check_array`. 

### Steps/Code to Reproduce

Reproduction via oversamplers
```python
    import pandas as pd
    from imblearn import over_sampling as im
    for dtype in ["boolean", "Int64", "Float64"]:
        X = pd.DataFrame(
            {
                "a": pd.Series([1, 0, 1, 0], dtype=dtype),
                "b": pd.Series(["a", "b", "c", "d"], dtype="object"),
                "c": pd.Series([9, 8, 7, 6], dtype="int64"),
            }
        )
        y = pd.Series([0, 1, 1, 0], dtype="int64")

        for oversampler in [im.SMOTENC(categorical_features=[0, 1]), im.SMOTEN()]:
            with pytest.raises(ValueError):
                oversampler.fit_resample(X, y)
```

Reproduction via check_array directly
```python
    import pandas as pd
    from sklearn.utils.validation import check_array
    for dtype in ["boolean", "Int64", "Float64"]:
        X = pd.DataFrame(
            {
                "a": pd.Series([1, 0, 1, 0], dtype=dtype),
                "b": pd.Series(["a", "b", "c", "d"], dtype="object"),
                "c": pd.Series([9, 8, 7, 6], dtype="int64"),
            }
        )

        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
            check_array(X, dtype=None)
```

### Expected Results

We should get the same behavior that's seen with the non nullable equivalents `["bool", "int64", "float64"]`, which is no error.

```python

    import pandas as pd
    from sklearn.utils.validation import check_array

    for dtype in ["bool", "int64", "float64"]:
        X = pd.DataFrame(
            {
                "a": pd.Series([1, 0, 1, 0], dtype=dtype),
                "b": pd.Series(["a", "b", "c", "d"], dtype="object"),
                "c": pd.Series([9, 8, 7, 6], dtype="int64"),
            }
        )

        check_array(X, dtype=None)

```

### Actual Results

The actual results is a `ValueError: could not convert string to float: ` being raised if the data has the `object` dtype with string data or `ValueError: Cannot cast object dtype to float64` if the data has the `category` dtype with `object` categories.


### Versions

```shell
System:
    python: 3.8.2 (default, May 21 2021, 12:12:59)  [Clang 11.0.3 (clang-1103.0.32.62)]
executable: /Users/tamar.grey/.pyenv/versions/3.8.2/envs/evalml-dev/bin/python
   machine: macOS-10.16-x86_64-i386-64bit

Python dependencies:
      sklearn: 1.2.2
          pip: 22.2.2
   setuptools: 59.8.0
        numpy: 1.22.4
        scipy: 1.8.1
       Cython: 0.29.32
       pandas: 1.5.3
   matplotlib: 3.5.3
       joblib: 1.2.0
threadpoolctl: 3.1.0

Built with OpenMP: True
```

COMMENT:
Thank you for opening the issue! I opened #25814 to fix it.

Labels: Bug, module:utils