`MinMaxScaler.fit_transform()` overflow when input array is `float16`

### Describe the bug

I often use `float16` array to save working memory, but when I use `MinMaxScaler.fit_transform()`, some values overflow and become `inf`.
This occurs even if the transfomed values can fit to the range of float16.

### Steps/Code to Reproduce

```python
import numpy as np
from sklearn.preprocessing import MinMaxScaler


array = np.arange(11, dtype='float16').reshape((-1, 1))

scaler = MinMaxScaler(
    feature_range=[-60000, 60000],
    copy=True,
    clip=False
)
scaled_array = scaler.fit_transform(array)
print(scaled_array)
```


### Expected Results

```console
array([[-60000.],
       [-48000.],
       [-36000.],
       [-24000.],
       [-12000.],
       [     0.],
       [ 12000.],
       [ 24000.],
       [ 36000.],
       [ 48000.],
       [ 60000.]], dtype=float16)
```


### Actual Results
With warnings `/home/takahisa/miniconda3/envs/sklearn_latest/lib/python3.8/site-packages/sklearn/preprocessing/_data.py:507: RuntimeWarning: overflow encountered in multiply
  X *= self.scale_`,
```console
array([[-60000.],
       [-48000.],
       [-36000.],
       [-24000.],
       [-12000.],
       [     0.],
       [    inf],
       [    inf],
       [    inf],
       [    inf],
       [    inf]], dtype=float16)
```

Additionally, this might be a separate issue, but if I change the dtype of input `array` in the above code, only when input array dtype is `float32`, output array is `float32`. 
This seems inconsistent, but is it intended?

### Versions

```shell
System:
    python: 3.8.3 | packaged by conda-forge | (default, Jun  1 2020, 17:43:00)  [GCC 7.5.0]
executable: /home/takahisa/miniconda3/envs/sklearn_latest/bin/python3.8
   machine: Linux-5.15.0-47-generic-x86_64-with-glibc2.10

Python dependencies:
      sklearn: 1.1.2
          pip: 22.2.2
   setuptools: 65.3.0
        numpy: 1.23.3
        scipy: 1.9.1
       Cython: None
       pandas: None
   matplotlib: None
       joblib: 1.1.0
threadpoolctl: 3.1.0

Built with OpenMP: True

threadpoolctl info:
       user_api: blas
   internal_api: openblas
         prefix: libopenblas
       filepath: /home/takahisa/miniconda3/envs/sklearn_latest/lib/python3.8/site-packages/numpy.libs/libopenblas64_p-r0-742d56dc.3.20.so
        version: 0.3.20
threading_layer: pthreads
   architecture: Zen
    num_threads: 12

       user_api: openmp
   internal_api: openmp
         prefix: libgomp
       filepath: /home/takahisa/miniconda3/envs/sklearn_latest/lib/python3.8/site-packages/scikit_learn.libs/libgomp-a34b3233.so.1.0.0
        version: None
    num_threads: 12

       user_api: blas
   internal_api: openblas
         prefix: libopenblas
       filepath: /home/takahisa/miniconda3/envs/sklearn_latest/lib/python3.8/site-packages/scipy.libs/libopenblasp-r0-9f9f5dbc.3.18.so
        version: 0.3.18
threading_layer: pthreads
   architecture: Zen
    num_threads: 12
```

COMMENT:
Oh, I forgot paste that line.
```python
array = np.arange(11, dtype='float16').reshape((-1, 1))
```
I update my code in **Steps/Code to Reproduce** section.

Labels: Bug, Needs Triage