Author Topic: Brendan Rodgers playing style - who is likely to be in or out of favour?  (Read 6581 times) Whenever you see Brendan Rodgers interviewed he talks about players needing a high level of "technical" ability in order to play in his tip tap style. He also speaks about a high level of game intelligence, allied to good fitness in order to be able to press the ball in groups, "make the transition" and all that mallarkey. Which of our players current or on loan are likely to fit or otherwise? An obvious casualty for me is Dirk Kuyt. God love him for his effort, but if you want to ping it about and you haven't got a crash helmet for everyone in the first three rows of the crowd, Dirks not your man. My guess is he'll be on his way very shortly. Charlie Adam? I like him but he seemingly doesn't fit the mould either with his long raking passes, his concession of possession too easily and his Friar Tuck physique. My guess is if his wages aren't too onorous, he'll be away as well. Carra? Perhaps time for the final coaching badge and a spot in amongst the back room team for our "no nonsense" defender? Any players which might be given another chance to shine? Well the obvious is Joe Cole, and such a topic starter wouldn't be complete without giving Albert Waterman a mention now would it? Could it just be that our extravagant outlay on both is belatedly about to bear fruit? No I don't think so either but I thought I'd throw it in. Adam, Spearing and Shelvey off the top of my head solely based on his expected tactics. It depends if he's going to use the same philosophy in every title/cup team. He may choose a different style of player depending on the opposition. I'm hoping he's the kind of manager who can see something in a man and mould him into a player who fits into and can do a good job within his tactical model. Carroll can adapt in my opinion, have a look at Swansea's play and you'll see that they aren't afraid of whipping it in to Graham. Do think we'll go after a different type of striker to give another option though. Shelvey's young enough to adapt to a different system. Henderson will absolutely thrive under Rodgers too. Keeping Maxi might not be a bad idea now, he's very slick with his movement and short passing. I see Shelvey and Henderson flourishing, as well as of course Suarez. Thinking about possible transfers in - I think Ibrahim Affelay could do well; he is a young Joe Cole in my eyes, except with a little more flair. All depends on Joe Cole's role: does he come back or not? Carroll can adapt in my opinion, have a look at Swansea's play and you'll see that they aren't afraid of whipping it in to Graham. Do think we'll go after a different type of striker to give another option though. Shelvey's young enough to adapt to a different system. Henderson will absolutely thrive under Rodgers too. Keeping Maxi might not be a bad idea now, he's very slick with his movement and short passing. Agree with the rest but not sure about Shelvey, his passing is suspect, he rushes way too much and his spatial awareness is so low at times he looks like he needs a white stick. It'll be a good test if Rodgers can get him to fit though, for player and manager. Think Johnson will really flourish in this system, along with the others that have been mentioned above. Joe Cole was one of the players I immediately thought of, but I can't really see him getting the chance especially on his wages. Spearing, Carra, Dirk all are going to struggle to fit in IMO. Can see Dirk and Spearing being moved on, as well as Adam. Downing - Clearly his confidence is shot for sh*t, so may not be a bad idea to bring Scott Sinclair in. 4-3-3 is his prefered formation, So essentially we will need a DM (LUCAS) and 2 Attacking Midfielders (AQUILANI AND GERRARD) IN: Aquilani- Creative, a great passer of the ball, and really deserves a chance Cole - Can see Joe Cole getting another chance now.. Sterling- Pacy, Quick and can Kill full backs with pace. Agger - The kind of CB he likes I think Kuyt and Maxi may go because of wages. If we wanted to play possession football and score goals I would keep them though. Kuyt and Maxi are both intelligent movers which is fundamental in pass and move football. Got to admit that Adam, Dirk, Carragher and Spearing are the ones that I suspect might struggle. Hope I'm wrong about Spearing but to me he looks to have limited potential for improvement but I think a lot of our younger players will have the potential for real development. I can see the argument that Henderson might flourish but I think Agger, Lucas and Suarez were made for Brendan and to be honest I'm expecting big things from Shelvey and continued improvement from Carroll. Be interesting to see the shape of the team but I'll be pleased to see a lot less reliance on 442. To be fair, they played with a big guy in Danny Graham at Swansea. Carroll is good with his feet and I'd imagine that Rodgers will be willing to give him a chance, I'm interested to see how he adapts tactically though and if he's willing to constantly close the opposition defence down. An obvious casualty for me is Dirk Kuyt. God love him for his effort, but if you want to ping it about and you haven't got a crash helmet for everyone in the first three rows of the crowd, Dirks not your man. My guess is he'll be on his way very shortly. Alberto and Joe would be a good inclusion and would love to see Raheem get some more time under Rodge! Ha With Rodgers likely (Hopefully) to use his adaption of a 1-4-3-3 you could see the following all really flourishing Reina.. Will love a higher line that he can be behind and start a lot of moves and be a "sweeper keeper" Agger.. Ball playing centre back will adore it. Skrtel.. Will give it simple. Johnson.. Getting forward, comfortable with the ball.. Lucas.. The man in front of the back 4, good touch, not scared under pressure, will tick the play along. Henderson.. Can pass a lovely ball, all energy. Gerrard.. Can do anything.. Will love a free type role under Rodgers. Suarez... As Gerrard.. Carroll.. I think he will flourish, he has shown he has good feet towards the end of the season, is a far better player than Danny Graham, if Rodgers can get him the service he will be a big player next year. Coates.. Will improve and get more time I think.. Then the jury is out for me on.. Not that I think these will immediately move on but will have their work cut out to develop into his style. Enrique.. Is a very good defender, but on the ball can dwell on it at times, goes down blind tunnels.. Will have to improve that side of his game. Adam.. Who knows if he will get a tune out of him. Downing.. Same, does he fit the type of winger Rodgers likes? Quick, technically sound? Will get a chance next season but has to improve and quick. Shelvey.. Potential is there, thus could be a key time under Rodgers.. Will either cone good and quick or be shipped on next summer. In trouble I think are.. Kuyt.. Not quick enough to play wide under Ted.. Will want assurances of first team chances or will want out which I don't see him getting. Maxi.. Technically great.. But quick enough? Spearing.. Think his time could be up. Carra.. Anyone who reads my posts knows the respect I have for the man but on paper he doesn't seem to suit Ted's way of playing. Will probably be around next season.. Depends if he sees a future as a coach for him. Then there is the futures of Cole and Aquilani.. On paper they would be Rodgers types of players.. Will they get a chance? How will some of the promising youngsters develop.. Suso, Sterling, Adjordan and Texieria all seemingly would fit in.. The way I see it right now with what we have Rodgers may look at this.. Reina Johnson Agger Skrtel Enrique Lucas Henderson Gerrard New*                        Suarez Carroll Subs: Doni Kelly Coates New man Downing New man New man I think he may look to bring in a couple of wide men, a back up for Carroll and Lucas and possibly a replacement for Carra. If he can get us playing how Swansea did and adds a real classy wide man we will be an improvent without really shaking things up to much. Carroll will be fine. Danny Graham is hardly Messi on the floor & has been a regular for most of the season for Rodgers. In fact Carroll has bettter technique than Graham for me. Think he can adapt to whatever system Rodgers plays, I still don't buy in to this perception that anyone over 6 feet can't integrate in to a pass and move system. Another thing with Mr Rodgers, he's come from a team who's transfer record was 3.5 million quid. I wonder how many times he's seen a player who he's thought "F**k me he'd be perfect for our system", only to find out he'd cost 5.5 mill or something and therefore be out of their budget hitting zone. Equally, maybes there's players who are 10 mill plus who'd fit his way like a glove and now he'll potentially be able to ask about them at least. They aren't forced to be big name superstars either, there isn't much big in any way shape or form about Joe Allon and Leon Brittain. I too think Kuyt will leave, he's been a great servant but I'm sure it's now time for him to move on. I lean towards agreeing with the guys saying that Carroll may struggle, but I'm sure he will get a chance next season but if he doesn't bring a good return of goals again his position will be hugely under threat. I'd like to think Rodgers will give Sterling and Texeira game time next season, especially if players like Downing and Adam again fail to perform early on in the season. I think it's a good thing that these players that haven't been a success i.e Downing are not Rodgers' signings so I presume he won have any obligation to persevere with them if they don't perform. Agger will fit into this system perfectly, I fully believe he is one of the best all round defenders in the world. Henderson will flourish as will Joe Cole if he gets the chance. Read an interview with him a week or so ago, seemed really humble and determined to prove himself. Sadly, he's definitely need to take a pay cut. I'm cautiously optimistic about this appointment...


Discuss this article with... Around the world it seems that different countries have tried various tactics when naming classes of public transport Sir, Your correspondent's Trans-Siberian Express experience ( letter, Oct 25 ) reminded me of a conversation I had with a Moscow taxi driver in the late 1970s. I had not been in the Soviet Union for 15 years and wondered how the man in the street was faring economically. "Well," he replied. "In the West you have inflation, but here the prices just keep on going up!" Allan Schiller Bristol Sir, In contrast to the brutalist realism of "hard" and "soft" class, Irish Railways introduced the terms "Standard" and the slightly ambiguous "Super Standard" to differentiate their classes of on-train accommodation in


The European Population Forum held in Geneva in January 2004 marked the 10th anniversary of the International Conference on Population and Development in Cairo. The four themes of the meeting were: global population and development trends from a European perspective; childbearing and parenting in low-fertility countries; morbidity, mortality, and reproductive health in the ... Related newspaper, magazine, and journal articles UNITED NATIONS , July 21 -- The United Nations Economic and Social Council's Economic Commission for Europe issued the following news release: The United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) has recently commissioned... UNITED NATIONS , March 24 -- The United Nations Economic and Social Council's Economic Commission for Europe...Trade Measures in Timber Markets", organized by the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) and the Food and Agriculture... The United Nations Economic and Social Council's Economic...the following news release: The United Nations Economic Commission (ECA) for Africa and the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) have... ...NY -- The following information was released by the U.S. Mission to the United Nations : The United States applauds today's decisions at the United Nations Economic and Social Council to overturn the Committee on NGOs and grant consultative... ...released by the U.S. Mission to the United Nations : AS DELIVERED Mr. President, We...We also welcome the efforts of the United Nations , the African Union, the African Development...efforts alongside the African Union, the United Nations , and the African Development Bank... ...Sixty-eighth Session of the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for...this Centre was to celebrate United Nations Day last year. At that meeting...long standing support for the United Nations . Today, I wish to reiterate... The United Nations Economic and Social Council's Economic...the following news release: The United Nations Secretary-General today announced...new Executive Secretary of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (ECE...


Not-Quite-Review of A Long Time Coming This is the book that Newsweek published after the campaign, based on a series of articles in the magazine. As in the past few presidential campaigns, its reporters got some sort of exclusive access to the candidates' campaigns, but, in exchange, couldn't publish anything until after the election. The book, like its 2004 equivalent, does a fine job laying out the campaign's essential events. As with most campaign reporting, it's focused on strategy and the candidates' personalities. You won't find comparisons of Obama's and McCain's health care plans. Like most people who pay attention to politics, I know the general campaign narrative. So I read looking for the juicy tidbits that I missed or hadn't heard. The book had some, although I was greedily hoping for more. Here are the ones that stood out to me: Barack Obama's performance in the early debates was so bad that, during one debate, John Edwards "came up to him during a break and scolded him, 'Barack, you've got to focus .'" (p.8) As Obama mused on his early shortcomings as a candidate, he narrated this thought process to his campaign team, which Newsweek captured on tape: "So when Brian Williams is asking me what's a personal thing you've done [that's green], I say, you know, 'Well, I planted a bunch of trees.' And he says, 'I'm talking about personal .' What I'm thinking in my head is, 'Well, the truth is, Brian, we can't solve global warming because I fucking changed light bulbs in my house. It's because of something collective.'" (p.10) The book states that McCain was "never comfortable playing the front runner" and "was ill suited to be the establishment's man." McCain is quoted as saying, "What the fuck would I want to lead this party for?" (p.34) Both the Obama and McCain campaigns were targets of "sophisticated foreign cyberespionage," which was investigated by the FBI and Secret Service. Neither agency would comment for the book. The best the book can say about the culprits is this: "There was no suggestion that terrorists were involved; technical experts hired by the Obama campaign speculated that the hackers were Russian or Chinese." (pp.112-13) "Inevitably there was some tension between Democratic regulars and the Obama insurgents on the road to Denver. Delegates and congressmen, normally showed with free tickets, were allotted relatively few in order to make room for grass-roots organizers." (p.114) "The John Kerry campaign had set up elaborate liaison offices dedicated to ethnic groups, organized labor, groups for the disabled, for women, for gays and lesbians. Somewhat grudgingly, the Obama campaign agreed to have a single staffer devoted to each of these constituencies, but later decided the whole thing was a waste of manpower and dispersed the interest-group liaisons to go work in the field on get-out-the-vote operations." (p.115) "It did not go unnoticed in Obamaland that Hillary, toward the end of the convention, reportedly assembled her closest advisers in a hotel room to discuss her prospects for 2012." (p.118) "Obama's plane was taking off from Denver airport around 9 am when Axelrod got confirmation that McCain had indeed picked Palin as his running mate. He went to the front cabin to tell Obama and his new running mate, Joe Biden. Biden asked, 'Who's Palin?'" (p.120) "McCain loved the whole Palin family. They seemed to offer some relief, if not a touch of anarchy, to the Straight Talk Express, which had become a bit joyless. Piper, the governor's 7-year-old, thought nothing of crawling across Joe Lieberman's lap to get to her mother. Lindsey Graham mischievously enjoyed getting the children hopped up on Mountain Dew, a beverage to which he was mildly addicted." (p.126) After Obama got back from the White House meeting about the financial rescue plan, he told his aides "that Henry Paulson had gotten down on one knee to beg House Speaker Nancy Pelosi not to blow up the deal. 'Henry, I didn't know you were Catholic,' she said. She told him to go beg the House Republicans." (p.135) "At the vice-presidential debate on Oct. 2, McCain was delighted to see that Sarah Palin had irritated Biden. Watching the TV with some aides, McCain exclaimed, 'He looks like an angry old senator!' The staffers were awkwardly silent, unsure if McCain appreciated the irony of his statement..." (p.147) Why Palin brought up Ayers: "Actually, Palin was feeling hurt and angry over the tabloid treatment of her 17-year-old daughter Bristol, and decided -- on her own -- that Ayers should be fair game. McCain's advisers were working on a strategy that would launch an Ayers attack the following week, but McCain had not signed off on it, and Salter was resisting." (p.156) Newsweek reports on this vote-tracking effort by the Obama campaign, but don't report whether it got off the ground: "The geeks at New Media, working with the field department, had created a program that would allow a 'flusher' -- the term for a volunteer who goes out to round up nonvoters on Election Day -- to know exactly who had, and had not, voted in real time. The New Media magicians dubbed it Project Houdini, because of the way names disappear off the list instantly once people are identified as they wait in line at their local polling station. 'I have no idea how [Project Houdini] will work,' Steve Schle, the campaigns' Florida state director, told Newsweek a week before Election Day. 'But if it does work, it will redefine get-out-the-vote...It's an amazing, fascinating tool, and if it works, it will be the model that everyone uses going forward." (p. 167) "The day of the third debate, Palin refused to go onstage with New Hampshire GOP Sen. John Sununu and Jeb Bradley, a former New Hampshire congressman running for a House seat, because their views on abortion didn't fully align and because Bradley had earlier opposed drilling in Alaska. (He changed his position during the race.) The McCain campaign ordered her onstage at the next campaign stop, but she refused to acknowledge the two Republican candidates standing behind her." (p. 180) With my political science hat on, I also looked for examples where Newsweek described campaigns or particular campaign events as important, but where as yet we have no real evidence that they actually affected voter behavior or election outcomes in the manner described or implied: On the "Red Phone 3 am" ad: "But it was Penn who finally came up with an ad that worked, on the eve of the Ohio and Texas primaries in early March..." (p.65) "Running negative campaigns is as old as the republic (Jefferson slimed Adams), but in modern national campaigns, Republicans have been better at the game than Democrats." (p.86) On McCain's ad with images of Paris Hilton and Britney Spears. "Most pundits huffed at the ad as trivial and a cheap shot. But it dominated the news cycle for several days, something McCain had failed to do for months. Obama didn't get much bounce from his [overseas] trip, despite the heavy, overwhelmingly admiring press coverage. The ad had helped stall Obama's momentum and, with some voters, raise doubts about his depth of experience." (p.95) "Palin, the polls showed, had succeeded in rallying the Republican base. But she, or the simmering anger around her, helped make Obama supporters out of countless independents." (p.153) I have not read Chuck Todd's new book . If anyone has thoughts, please leave them in comments.


Similarities between wage labor and slavery were noted at least as early as Cicero . [ 13 ] Before the American Civil War , Southern defenders of African American slavery invoked the concept to favorably compare the condition of their slaves to workers in the North. [ 14 ] [ 15 ] With the advent of the industrial revolution , thinkers such as Proudhon and Marx elaborated the comparison between wage labor and slavery in the context of a critique of property not intended for active personal use. [ 16 ] [ 17 ] The Right to be Lazy is an essay by Cuban-born French revolutionary Marxist Paul Lafargue , written from his London exile in 1880. The essay polemicizes heavily against then-contemporary liberal , conservative , Christian and even socialist ideas of work. Lafargue criticizes these ideas from a Marxist perspective as dogmatic and ultimately false by portraying the degeneration and enslavement of human existence when being subsumed under the primacy of the " right to work ", and argues that laziness, combined with human creativity, is an important source of human progress. He manifests that "When, in our civilized Europe, we would find a trace of the native beauty of man, we must go seek it in the nations where economic prejudices have not yet uprooted the hatred of work...The Greeks in their era of greatness had only contempt for work: their slaves alone were permitted to labor: the free man knew only exercises for the body and mind...The philosophers of antiquity taught contempt for work, that degradation of the free man, the poets sang of idleness, that gift from the Gods." [ 22 ] And so he says "Proletarians, brutalized by the dogma of work, listen to the voice of these philosophers, which has been concealed from you with jealous care: A citizen who gives his labor for money degrades himself to the rank of slaves." (The last sentence a quote from Cicero . [ 13 ] ) Raoul Vaneigem , important theorist of the post- surrealist Situationist International which was influential in the May 68 events in France, wrote The Book of Pleasures . In it he says that "You reverse the perspective of power by returning to pleasure the energies stolen by work and constraint...As sure as work kills pleasure, pleasure kills work. If you are not resigned to dying of disgust, then you will be happy enough to rid your life of the odious need to work, to give orders (and obey them), to lose and to win, to keep up appearances, and to judge and be judged." [ 23 ] Autonomist philosopher Bifo defines refusal of work as not "so much the obvious fact that workers do not like to be exploited, but something more. It means that the capitalist restructuring, the technological change, and the general transformation of social institutions are produced by the daily action of withdrawal from exploitation, of rejection of the obligation to produce surplus value, and to increase the value of capital, reducing the value of life." [ 1 ] More simply he states "Refusal of work means...I don’t want to go to work because I prefer to sleep. But this laziness is the source of intelligence, of technology, of progress. Autonomy is the self-regulation of the social body in its independence and in its interaction with the disciplinary norm." [ 1 ] As a social development Bifo remembers "that one of the strong ideas of the movement of autonomy proletarians during the 70s was the idea "precariousness is good". Job precariousness is a form of autonomy from steady regular work, lasting an entire life. In the 1970s many people used to work for a few months, then to go away for a journey, then back to work for a while. This was possible in times of almost full employment and in times of egalitarian culture. This situation allowed people to work in their own interest and not in the interest of capitalists, but quite obviously this could not last forever, and the neoliberal offensive of the 1980s was aimed to reverse the rapport de force." [ 1 ] As a response to these developments his view is that "the dissemination of self-organized knowledge can create a social framework containing infinite autonomous and self-reliant worlds." [ 1 ] From this possibility of self-determination even the notion of Workers' self-management is seen as problematic since "Far from the emergence of proletarian power, ...this self-management as a moment of the self-harnessing of the workers to capitalist production in the period of real subsumption... Mistaking the individual capitalist (who, in real subsumption disappears into the collective body of share ownership on one side, and hired management on the other) rather than the enterprise as the problem, ... the workers themselves became a collective capitalist, taking on responsibility for the exploitation of their own labor. Thus, far from breaking with 'work',...the workers maintained the practice of clocking-in, continued to organize themselves and the community around the needs of the factory, paid themselves from profits arising from the sale of watches, maintained determined relations between individual work done and wage, and continued to wear their work shirts throughout the process." [ 24 ] In the Manifesto Against Labour , [ 25 ] Robert Kurz , formerly of Krisis-Gruppe argued against the traditional Marxist notion of class struggle as the motor of history. According to Kurz, there is no class-subject. The struggle between the proletariat and the bourgeoisie is not a struggle between a revolutionary class and its oppressor, but rather a struggle between two opposed interests that are integral to capitalism and form a single "labor camp". Contrary to traditional Marxism , then, Kurz asserts that the struggle against capitalism is not the struggle for the liberation of labor, but rather a struggle for liberation from labor. [ citation needed ] The Abolition of Work , Bob Black 's most widely read essay, draws upon the ideas of Charles Fourier , William Morris , Herbert Marcuse , Paul Goodman , and Marshall Sahlins . In it he argues for the abolition of the producer- and consumer-based society, where, Black contends, all of life is devoted to the production and consumption of commodities . Attacking Marxist state socialism as much as market capitalism , Black argues that the only way for humans to be free is to reclaim their time from jobs and employment, instead turning necessary subsistence tasks into free play done voluntarily - an approach referred to as "ludic". The essay argues that "no-one should ever work", because work - defined as compulsory productive activity enforced by economic or political means - is the source of most of the misery in the world. Black denounces work for its compulsion, and for the forms it takes - as subordination to a boss, as a "job" which turns a potentially enjoyable task into a meaningless chore, for the degradation imposed by systems of work-discipline, and for the large number of work-related deaths and injuries - which Black typifies as " homicide ". He views the subordination enacted in workplaces as "a mockery of freedom", and denounces as hypocrites the various theorists who support freedom while supporting work. Subordination in work, Black alleges, makes people stupid and creates fear of freedom. Because of work, people become accustomed to rigidity and regularity, and do not have the time for friendship or meaningful activity. Most workers, he states, are dissatisfied with work (as evidenced by petty deviance on the job), so that what he says should be uncontroversial; however, it is controversial only because people are too close to the work-system to see its flaws. Play, in contrast, is not necessarily rule-governed, and is performed voluntarily, in complete freedom, as a gift economy . He points out that hunter-gatherer societies are typified by play, a view he backs up with the work of Marshall Sahlins ; he recounts the rise of hierarchal societies, through which work is cumulatively imposed, so that the compulsive work of today would seem incomprehensibly oppressive even to ancients and medieval peasants. He responds to the view that "work," if not simply effort or energy, is necessary to get important but unpleasant tasks done, by claiming that first of all, most important tasks can be rendered ludic, or "salvaged" by being turned into game-like and craft-like activities, and secondly that the vast majority of work does not need doing at all. The latter tasks are unnecessary because they only serve functions of commerce and social control that exist only to maintain the work-system as a whole. As for what is left, he advocates Charles Fourier's approach of arranging activities so that people will want to do them. He is also skeptical but open-minded about the possibility of eliminating work through labor-saving technologies. He feels the left cannot go far enough in its critiques because of its attachment to building its power on the category of workers , which requires a valorization of work. Friedrich Nietzsche was a notable philosopher who presented a critique of work and an anti-work ethic. In 1881, he wrote: The eulogists of work. Behind the glorification of 'work' and the tireless talk of the 'blessings of work' I find the same thought as behind the praise of impersonal activity for the public benefit: the fear of everything individual. At bottom, one now feels when confronted with work - and what is invariably meant is relentless industry from early till late - that such work is the best police, that it keeps everybody in harness and powerfully obstructs the development of reason, of covetousness, of the desire for independence. For it uses up a tremendous amount of nervous energy and takes it away from reflection, brooding, dreaming, worry, love, and hatred; it always sets a small goal before one's eyes and permits easy and regular satisfactions. In that way a society in which the members continually work hard will have more security: and security is now adored as the supreme goddess..." The followers of this ethic typically argue that capitalist and communist societies tend to encourage a "labor" mentality towards life either directly or indirectly through the cost of living , labor markets , the work week , applying normative values to economics , and social conventions. The critics then ask why with increasing mechanization the number of hours in the average work week have not fallen significantly; for example, Bob Black asks, "Why hasn't the average work week gone down by more than a few minutes in the past fifty years?" The devotees of the anti-work movement therefore attempt to find answers and practical solutions towards reducing the volume of work for a typical person and encouraging the activities they see as conducive to happiness. [ citation needed ] Work–life balance is a broad concept including proper prioritizing between "work" ( career and ambition) on one hand and "life" ( health , pleasure , leisure , family and spiritual development ) on the other. Related, though broader, terms include "lifestyle balance" and "life balance". The expression was first used in the late 1970s to describe the balance between an individual's work and personal life. [ 29 ] In the United States , this phrase was first used in 1986. [ citation needed ] The term slacker is commonly used to refer to a person who avoids work (especially British English), or (primarily in North American English) an educated person who is viewed as an underachiever . [ 30 ] [ 31 ] While use of the term slacker dates back to about 1790 or 1898 depending on the source, it gained some recognition during the British Gezira Scheme , when Sudanese labourers protested their relative powerlessness by working lethargically, a form of protest known as 'slacking'. [ 32 ] The term achieved a boost in popularity after its use in the films Back to the Future by Robert Zemeckis , and Richard Linklater 's Slacker . [ 30 ] [ 33 ] In the United Kingdom, the classification comprises people aged between 16 and 24 (some 16 year olds are still of compulsory school age). In Japan, the classification comprises people aged between 15 and 34 who are unemployed , unmarried, not enrolled in school or engaged in housework , and not seeking work or the technical training needed for work. The "NEET group" is not a uniform set of individuals but consists of those who will be NEET for a short time while essentially testing out a variety of opportunities and those who have major and often multiple issues and are at long term risk of remaining disengaged. Freeter ( フリーター , furītā ? ) (other spellings below) is a Japanese expression for people between the age of 15 and 34 who lack full-time employment or are unemployed, excluding homemakers and students. They may also be described as underemployed or freelance workers. These people do not start a career after high school or university but instead usually live as so-called parasite singles with their parents and earn some money with low skilled and low paid jobs. The word freeter or freeta was first used around 1987 or 1988 and is thought to be an amalgamation of the English word free (or perhaps freelance ) and the German word Arbeiter ("worker"). [ 34 ] (The German word Arbeit is commonly used as the Japanese loanword arubaito for "part-time job".) It is said that the use was coined by the Japanese part-time job magazine From A (Japanese: フロムエー Furomuē ). Other possible spellings are furītā , furiita , freeta , furiitaa , or furitaa in order of frequency. [ citation needed ] Parasite single (パラサイトシングル, parasaito shinguru ) is a Japanese term for a single person who lives with their parents until their late twenties or early thirties in order to enjoy a carefree and comfortable life. In English, the expression "sponge" or "basement dweller" may sometimes be used. The expression is mainly used in reference to Japanese society, but similar phenomena can also be found in other countries worldwide. In Italy , 30-something singles still relying on their mothers are joked about, being called Bamboccioni (literally: grown-up babies) and in Germany they are known as Nesthocker (German for an altricial bird), who are still living at Hotel Mama . Such behaviour is considered normal in Greece , both because of the traditional strong family ties and because of the low wages . [ 35 ] The low income even for highly qualified university graduates does not allow young Greeks to start their own home and raise children. It is also highly encouraged in Singapore as living with parents is considered a cultural expectation, while living on one's own (sometimes even if one is married with children) is perceived as an act of insolence. [ citation needed ] Vagrancy was [ when? ] a crime in some European countries , but most of these laws have been abandoned. Laws against vagrancy in the United States have partly been invalidated as violative of the due process clauses of the U.S. Constitution. [ 36 ] However, the FBI report on crime in the United States for 2005 lists 24,359 vagrancy violations. [ 37 ] In legal terminology, a person with a source of income is not a vagrant, even if he/she is homeless . [ citation needed ] Cynicism ( Greek : κυνισμός ), in its original form, refers to the beliefs of an ancient school of Greek philosophers known as the Cynics ( Greek : Κυνικοί , Latin : Cynici ). Their philosophy was that the purpose of life was to live a life of Virtue in agreement with Nature . This meant rejecting all conventional desires for wealth , power , health , and fame , and by living a simple life free from all possessions. They believed that the world belonged equally to everyone, and that suffering was caused by false judgments of what was valuable and by the worthless customs and conventions which surrounded society . The first philosopher to outline these themes was Antisthenes , who had been a pupil of Socrates in the late 5th century BCE. He was followed by Diogenes of Sinope , who lived in a tub on the streets of Athens . Diogenes took Cynicism to its logical extremes , and came to be seen as the archetypal Cynic philosopher. He was followed by Crates of Thebes who gave away a large fortune so he could live a life of Cynic poverty in Athens. Cynicism spread with the rise of Imperial Rome in the 1st century, and Cynics could be found begging and preaching throughout the cities of the Empire . It finally disappeared in the late 5th century, although many of its ascetic and rhetorical ideas were adopted by early Christianity . The name Cynic derives from the Greek word κυνικός, kynikos , "dog-like" and that from κύων, kyôn , " dog " ( genitive : kynos ). [ 38 ] It seems certain that the word dog was also thrown at the first Cynics as an insult for their shameless rejection of conventional manners, and their decision to live on the streets. Diogenes , in particular, was referred to as the Dog . [ 39 ] In Hinduism , sadhu is a common term for a mystic, an ascetic , practitioner of yoga ( yogi ) and/or wandering monks. The sadhu is solely dedicated to achieving the fourth and final Hindu goal of life, moksha (liberation), through meditation and contemplation of Brahman . Sadhus often wear ochre -colored clothing, symbolizing renunciation. This article duplicates , in whole or part, the scope of other article(s) or section(s) . Please discuss this issue on the talk page and conform with Wikipedia's Manual of Style by replacing the section with a link and a summary of the repeated material, or by spinning off the repeated text into an article in its own right. (July 2013) Two hobos walking along railroad tracks, after being put off a train. One is carrying a bindle . While some tramps may do odd jobs from time to time, unlike other temporarily homeless people they do not seek out regular work and support themselves by other means such as begging or scavenging . This is in contrast to: bum , a stationary homeless person who does not work, and who begs or steals for a living in one place. obo , a homeless person who travels from place to place looking for work, often by " freighthopping ," illegally catching rides on freight trains Both terms, "tramp" and "hobo" (and the distinction between them), were in common use between the 1880s and the 1940s. Their populations and the usage of the terms increased during the Great Depression . Tramp is derived from the Middle English as a verb meaning to "walk with heavy footsteps", and to go hiking. [ 43 ] Bart Kennedy , a self-described tramp of 1900 US, once said "I listen to the tramp, tramp of my feet, and wonder where I was going, and why I was going." [ 44 ] Gutter punks are generally characterized as being voluntarily unemployed. [ 45 ] As such, "gutter punk" is a term that is generally only applied to able-bodied individuals with no signs of physical or mental disabilities. The term has also been used as in the field of social science to describe a specific demographic group . Gutter punks often do seek work; however, they often search for or are limited to short-term employment. Other innovative methods of procuring income, such as panhandling, are generally considered "last resorts" but are often used due to the average gutter punk's difficulties in finding stable employment. Those associated with the gutter punk way of life generally do not ascribe to the crust punk ideology, however, due to its name crust punk is often confused with gutter punk. Gutter punks tend not to involve themselves with peace , autonomy , veganism or other activist ideals promoted in the crust punk or peace punk scenes. [ citation needed ] ^ a b c d e f "Refusal of work means quite simply:I don’t want to go to work because I prefer to sleep. But this laziness is the source of intelligence, of technology, of progress. Autonomy is the self-regulation of the social body in its independence and in its interaction with the disciplinary norm." "What is the Meaning of Autonomy Today?" by Bifo ^ a b "...vulgar are the means of livelihood of all hired workmen whom we pay for mere manual labor, not for artistic skill; for in their case the very wage they receive is a pledge of their slavery. " - De Officiis [2]


Negotiations about how much money members of the EU should contribute to the budget over the next five years restart today, and MM took to the streets to find out if Manchester agrees with increasing UK funding. The EU Commission has called for an increase of 4.8% on its 2007-2013 budget but some members, including the UK, think it should be cut to match domestic austerity measures. The UK and several other countries, including the Netherlands and Sweden, have called for a real terms freeze in the EU budget and David Cameron has threatened to use his veto if the other countries call for a rise in spending. If no agreement is reached by the end of 2012 the budget will be rolled over with an increase of 2% along inflation lines. Several EU leaders, including German Chancellor Angela Merkel and French President Francois Hollande have indicated that an agreement may be unlikely today and it is clear that there is a massive divide of opinion on this issue throughout Europe. MM went out into Manchester to ask people if the UK gives too much money to the EU? Tags Allocating further funds to the EU's financial budget is like throwing away the wealth of the people again and just like what happened with the banks by propping them up, thus indebting the people of the EU to the tune of trillions of dollars for many decades to come and with that, hard times and declining standards of living. Now we the people are asked again to prop up the EU project and where the political elite are indebting the people to more decades of misery. The problem is that those that run the EU and the Commission cannot lose out, just like the bankers as they get bailed out no matter what. Indeed these people live in a parallel universe remote from reality and where they never want for anything. This even in the knowledge that 17 out of the 27 member states are in recession and where economic conditions remain dismal to say the very least. Unfortunately even Merkel knows that things will not get any better in the long-term and where in 2009 she was a lone voice in stating "Let's not expect a miracle, because not even the boldest political decision will turn the European economy back on the path of growth". At the time no-other EU leader agreed with her but where now how right she really was. The EU is a complete folly where it will continue to indebt our people in perpetuity and basically in many ways eventually enslave all our future generations to come to others. In this respect it will be the mother of all economic catastrophes. Time to say no more, cut our losses and start to think as intelligent people and get out of this bottomless pit of no return. For if intelligence were used, the EU concept would be seen as dead if we equate it to people benefits and new wealth creation. Unfortunately our political classes will continue the gravy train by playing the fiddle throughout whilst Europe burns. Indeed the EU is just like all empires as they decline and where those inside cannot see what is happening. In this respect the EU has all the hallmarks of a declining empire and the sooner we see this truism the better it will be for all concerned. Dr. David Hill Chief Executive World Innovation Foundation Huddersfield, United Kingdom -- Bern, Switzerland -- Arlington, United States of America


Emo broke into mainstream culture in the early 2000s with the platinum -selling success of Jimmy Eat World and Dashboard Confessional and the emergence of the subgenre " screamo ". In recent years the term "emo" has been applied by critics and journalists to a variety of artists, including multiplatinum acts and groups with disparate styles and sounds. In addition to music, "emo" is often used more generally to signify a particular relationship between fans and artists, and to describe related aspects of fashion, culture, and behavior. Emo began off as a style of post-hardcore [ 6 ] and emerged from the hardcore punk scene of early-1980s Washington, D.C. , both as a reaction to the increased violence within the scene and as an extension of the personal politics espoused by Ian MacKaye of Minor Threat , who had turned the focus of the music from the community back towards the individual. [ 5 ] [ 7 ] Minor Threat fan Guy Picciotto formed Rites of Spring in 1984, breaking free of hardcore's self-imposed boundaries in favor of melodic guitars, varied rhythms, and deeply personal, impassioned lyrics. [ 8 ] Many of the band's themes would become familiar tropes in later generations of emo music, including nostalgia, romantic bitterness, and poetic desperation. [ 9 ] Their performances became public emotional purges where audience members would sometimes weep. [ 10 ] MacKaye became a huge Rites of Spring fan, recording their only album and serving as their roadie, and soon formed a new band of his own called Embrace which explored similar themes of self-searching and emotional release. [ 11 ] Guy Picciotto from Rites of Spring Similar bands soon followed in connection with the "Revolution Summer" of 1985, a deliberate attempt by members of the Washington, D.C. scene to break from the rigid constraints of hardcore in favor of a renewed spirit of creativity. [ 7 ] Bands such as Gray Matter , Beefeater , Fire Party , Dag Nasty , Soulside , and Kingface were connected to this movement. [ 7 ] [ 11 ] The exact origins of the term "emo" are uncertain, but date back to at least 1985. According to Andy Greenwald , author of Nothing Feels Good: Punk Rock, Teenagers, and Emo , "The origins of the term 'emo' are shrouded in mystery ... but it first came into common practice in 1985. If Minor Threat was hardcore, then Rites of Spring, with its altered focus, was emotional hardcore or emocore." [ 11 ] Michael Azerrad , author of Our Band Could Be Your Life , also traces the word's origins to this time: "The style was soon dubbed 'emo-core,' a term everyone involved bitterly detested, although the term and the approach thrived for at least another fifteen years, spawning countless bands." [ 12 ] MacKaye also traces it to 1985, attributing it to an article in Thrasher magazine referring to Embrace and other Washington, D.C. bands as "emo-core", which he called "the stupidest fucking thing I've ever heard in my entire life." [ 13 ] Other accounts attribute the term to an audience member at an Embrace show, who yelled that the band was "emocore" as an insult. [ 14 ] [ 15 ] Others contend that MacKaye coined the term when he used it self-mockingly in a magazine, or that it originated with Rites of Spring. [ 15 ] The "emocore" label quickly spread around the Washington, D.C. punk scene and became attached to many of the bands associated with Ian MacKaye 's Dischord Records label. [ 14 ] Although many of these bands simultaneously rejected the term, it stuck nonetheless. Scene veteran Jenny Toomey has recalled that "The only people who used it at first were the ones that were jealous over how big and fanatical a scene it was. [Rites of Spring] existed well before the term did and they hated it. But there was this weird moment, like when people started calling music ' grunge ,' where you were using the term even though you hated it." [ 18 ] The Washington, D.C. emo scene lasted only a few years. By 1986 most of the major bands of the movement—including Rites of Spring, Embrace, Gray Matter, and Beefeater—had broken up. [ 19 ] Even so, the ideas and aesthetics originating from the scene spread quickly across the country via a network of homemade zines , vinyl records, and hearsay. [ 20 ] According to Greenwald, the Washington, D.C. scene laid the groundwork for all subsequent incarnations of emo: “ What had happened in D.C. in the mid-eighties—the shift from anger to action, from extroverted rage to internal turmoil, from an individualized mass to a mass of individuals—was in many ways a test case for the transformation of the national punk scene over the next two decades. The imagery, the power of the music, the way people responded to it, and the way the bands burned out instead of fading away—all have their origins in those first few performances by Rites of Spring. The roots of emo were laid, however unintentionally, by fifty or so people in the nation's capital. And in some ways, it was never as good and surely never as pure again. Certainly, the Washington scene was the only time "emocore" had any consensus definition as a genre . [ 21 ] ” MacKaye and Picciotto, along with Rites of Spring drummer Brendan Canty , went on to form the highly influential band named Fugazi who, despite sometimes being connected with the term "emo", are not commonly recognized as an emo band. [ 22 ] Reinvention: Early 1990s As the ideals of the Washington, D.C. emo movement spread across the United States, many bands in numerous local scenes began to emulate the sound as a way to marry the intensity of hardcore with the complex emotions associated with growing older. [ 23 ] The style combined the fatalism, theatricality, and outsiderness of The Smiths with the uncompromising and dramatic worldview of hardcore. [ 23 ] Although the bands were numerous and the locales varied, the aesthetics of emocore in the late 1980s remained more or less the same: "over-the-top lyrics about feelings wedded to dramatic but decidedly punk music." [ 23 ] However, in the early 1990s, several new bands reinvented the emo style and carried its core characteristic, the intimacy between bands and fans, into the new decade. [ 24 ] Chief among these were Jawbreaker and Sunny Day Real Estate , both of whom fostered cult followings, recontextualized the word "emo", and brought it a step closer to the mainstream. [ 24 ] According to Andy Greenwald: “ Sunny Day Real Estate was emo's head and Jawbreaker its busted gut—the two overlapped in the heart, then broke up before they made it big. Each had a lasting impact on the world of independent music. The bands shared little else but fans, and yet somehow the combination of the two lays down a fairly effective blueprint for everything that was labeled emo for the next decade . [ 24 ] ” In the wake of the 1991 success of Nirvana 's Nevermind , underground music and subcultures in the United States became big business. New distribution networks emerged, touring routes were codified, and regional and independent acts were able to access the national stage. [ 24 ] Teenagers across the country declared themselves fans of independent music, and being punk became mainstream. [ 24 ] In this new musical climate, the aesthetics of emo expanded into the mainstream and altered the way the music was perceived: "Punk rock no-nos like the cult of personality and artistic abstraction suddenly become de rigueur ", says Greenwald. "If one definition of emo has always been music that felt like a secret, Jawbreaker and Sunny Day Real Estate were cast in the rolls of the biggest gossips of all, reigning as the largest influences on every emo band that came after them." [ 25 ] Jawbreaker has been referred to as "the Rosetta Stone of contemporary emo". [ 25 ] Emerging from the San Francisco punk rock scene of the late 1980s and early 1990s, their songwriting combined the heft of hardcore punk with pop punk sensibilities and the tortured artistry of mid-1980s emocore. [ 25 ] Singer/guitarist Blake Schwarzenbach focused his lyrics on topics that were personal, immediate, and lived, often lifting them directly from his journal. [ 27 ] Though they were often obscure and cloaked in metaphors , their specificity to Schwarzenbach's own concerns gave the words a bitterness and frustration that made them universal and magnetic to audiences. [ 28 ] Schwarzenbach became emo's first idol as listeners related to the singer more than the songs themselves. [ 28 ] Jawbreaker's 1994 album 24 Hour Revenge Therapy became their most-loved amongst fans and is a touchstone of mid-1990s emo. [ 29 ] The band signed to major label Geffen Records and toured with Nirvana and Green Day , but their 1995 album Dear You sold poorly and they broke up soon after, with Schwarzenbach later forming Jets to Brazil . [ 30 ] Their influence lived on, however, through later successful emo and pop punk bands openly indebted to Jawbreaker's sound. [ 31 ] Sorry, your browser either has JavaScript disabled or does not have any supported player. You can download the clip or download a player to play the clip in your browser. Sunny Day Real Estate 's sound challenged other bands to reach further with their own music. "Seven" helped bring emo towards the mainstream when it received airplay on MTV . [ 32 ] This song shows their style of emo going under the indie rock style, which was involved in the 1990s reinvention of emo. Sunny Day Real Estate formed in Seattle during the height of the early-1990s grunge boom. [ 33 ] In contrast to Jawbreaker, its members were accomplished musicians with high-quality gear, lofty musical ambitions, intricate songwriting, and a sweeping, epic sound. [ 33 ] Frontman Jeremy Enigk sang desperately, in a falsetto register, about losing himself and subsuming himself in something greater, often using haphazard lyrics and made-up words. [ 34 ] The band's debut album Diary (1994) was over-the-top and romantic, and the music video for "Seven" received airplay on MTV . [ 35 ] The band's ambitious sound challenged other bands to reach further with their own music in sentiment, instrumentation, and metaphor, and represented a generational shift between grunge and emo. [ 32 ] Other emo-leaning punk bands soon followed suit, and the word "emo" began to shift from being vague and undefined to referring to a specific type of emotionally overbearing music that was romantic but distanced from the political nature of punk rock. [ 36 ] Sunny Day Real Estate fell apart after Diary , as Enigk became a born-again Christian and launched a solo career while the other members drifted into new projects such as the Foo Fighters . They released three more albums through a series of breakups and occasional reunions, but are remembered primarily for the promise of their debut and the shift it engendered in the tastes of underground rock fans. [ 37 ] Underground popularity: Mid-1990s In the mid-1990s the American punk and indie rock movements, which had been largely underground since the early 1980s, became part of mainstream culture. After Nirvana 's success, major record labels capitalized on the popularity of alternative rock and other underground music by signing numerous independent bands and spending large amounts of capital promoting them. [ 41 ] In 1994, the same year that Jawbreaker's 24 Hour Revenge Therapy and Sunny Day Real Estate's Diary were released, punk rock acts Green Day and The Offspring had multiplatinum successes with their respective albums Dookie and Smash . In the wake of the underground going mainstream, over the next several years emo as a genre retreated, reformed, and morphed into a national subculture, then eventually something more. [ 41 ] Drawing inspiration from bands like Jawbreaker , Drive Like Jehu , and Fugazi , the new sound of emo was a mixture of hardcore 's passion and indie rock 's intelligence, bearing the anthemic power of punk rock and its do-it-yourself work ethic but with smoother songs, sloppier melodies, and yearning vocals. [ 42 ] The Promise Ring were one of the premier bands of the new emo style. Their music took a slower, smoother, pop punk approach to hardcore riffs, blending them with singer Davey von Bohlen 's goofy, picturesque lyrics delivered with a froggy croon and pronounced lisp , and they played shows in basements and VFW halls [ 50 ] Jade Tree released their debut 30° Everywhere in 1996 and it sold tens of thousands of copies, a blockbuster by independent standards. [ 51 ] Greenwald describes the effect of the album as "like being hit in the head with cotton candy." [ 52 ] Other bands such as Karate , The Van Pelt , Joan of Arc , and The Shyness Clinic incorporated elements of post-rock and noise rock into the emo sound. [ 53 ] The common lyrical thread between these bands was "applying big questions to small scenarios." [ 53 ] A cornerstone of mid-1990s emo was Weezer 's 1996 album Pinkerton . [ 55 ] Following the success of their multiplatinum debut , Pinkerton turned from their power pop sound to a much darker, more abrasive character. [ 56 ] [ 57 ] Frontman Rivers Cuomo 's songs were obsessed with messy, manipulative sex and his own insecurities of dealing with celebrity. [ 57 ] A critical and commercial failure, [ 57 ] [ 58 ] it was ranked by Rolling Stone as the second-worst album of the year. [ 59 ] Cuomo retreated from the public eye, [ 57 ] later referring to the album as "hideous" and "a hugely painful mistake". [ 60 ] However, Pinkerton found enduring appeal with teenagers just discovering alternative rock , who were drawn to its confessional lyrics and themes of rejection and came to believe that it was directed at them. [ 54 ] Sales grew steadily as word of the album passed between fans, over online messageboards, and via Napster . [ 54 ] "Although no one was paying attention", says Greenwald, "perhaps because no one was paying attention— Pinkerton became the most important emo album of the decade." [ 54 ] When Weezer returned in 2000, however, they did so with a decidedly pop sound. Cuomo refused to play songs from Pinkerton , dismissing it as "ugly" and "embarrassing". [ 61 ] Nevertheless, the album held its appeal and eventually achieved both high sales and critical praise, and is noted for introducing emo to larger and more mainstream audiences. [ 62 ] The emo aesthetic of the mid-1990s was embodied in Mineral, whose albums The Power of Failing (1997) and EndSerenading (1998) encapsulated the emo tropes of somber music accompanied by a shy narrator singing seriously about mundane problems. [ 63 ] Greenwald calls their song "If I Could" "the ultimate expression of mid-nineties emo. The song's short synopsis—she is beautiful, I am weak, dumb, and shy; I am alone but am surprisingly poetic when left alone—sums up everything that emo's adherents admired and its detractors detested." [ 63 ] Another significant band of the era was Braid, whose 1998 album Frame and Canvas and B-side song "Forever Got Shorter" blurred the lines between band and listener, as the group was a mirror-image of its own audience in passion and sentiment and sang in the voice of their fans. [ 64 ] Though the emo style of the mid-1990s had thousands of young fans, it never broke into the national consciousness. [ 66 ] A few bands were offered contracts with major record labels, but most broke up before they could capitalize on the opportunity. [ 67 ] Jimmy Eat World signed to Capitol Records in 1995 and built a following among the emo community with their album Static Prevails , but did not break into the mainstream despite their major-label association as their music was mostly lost amongst the popular ska movement of the period. [ 68 ] The Promise Ring were the most commercially successful emo band of the time, with sales of their 1997 album Nothing Feels Good topping out in the mid-five figures. [ 66 ] Greenwald calls the album "the pinnacle of its generation of emo: a convergence of pop and punk, of resignation and celebration, of the lure of girlfriends and the pull of friends, bandmates, and the road." [ 69 ] He refers to mid-1990s emo as "the last subculture made of vinyl and paper instead of plastic and megabytes." [ 70 ] Independent success: Late 1990s and early 2000s Beginning in the late 1990s emo had a surge of popularity in the realm of independent music, as a number of notable acts and record labels experienced successes that would lay the foundation for the style's later mainstream breakthrough. As emo gained a larger fanbase the music business began see its marketing potential, and as big business entered the picture many of the acts previously associated with the term intentionally distanced themselves from it: “ As the '90s wore to a close, the music that was being labeled emo was making a connection with a larger and larger group of people. the aspects of it that were the most contagious—the sensitivity, hooks, and average-guy appeal—were also the easiest to latch onto, replicate, and mass market. As with any phenomenon—exactly like what happened with Sunny Day [Real Estate]—when business enters into a high-stakes, highly personal sphere, things tend to go awry very quickly ... As fans threatened to storm the emo bandwagon, the groups couldn't jump off of it fast enough. The popularity and bankability of the word—if not the music—transformed an affiliation with the mid-nineties version of emo into an albatross . [ 71 ] Jimmy Eat World's 1999 album Clarity was one of the most significant emo albums of the late 1990s and became a touchstone for later emo bands. [ 75 ] Writing in 2003, Andy Greenwald called it "one of the most fiercely beloved rock 'n' roll records of the last decade. It is name-checked by every single contemporary emo band as their favorite album, as a mind-bending milemarker that proved that punk rock could be tuneful, emotional, wide-ranging, and ambitious." [ 75 ] However, despite warm critical reception and promotion of the single " Lucky Denver Mint " in the Drew Barrymore comedy film Never Been Kissed , Clarity was commercially unsuccessful in a musical climate dominated by teen pop, and the band left major label Capitol Records the following year. [ 73 ] [ 74 ] Nevertheless, the album gained steady popularity via word-of-mouth and was treasured by fans, eventually selling over 70,000 copies. [ 76 ] Jimmy Eat World self-financed the recording of their next album Bleed American (2001) before signing to Dreamworks Records . The album sold 30,000 copies in its first week and went gold shortly after. In 2002 it went platinum as emo broke into the mainstream. [ 77 ] In a world where cars are advertised as punk, Green Day members are platinum rock stars, and getting pierced and tatted up is as natural as a sweet-sixteen party, everyone is free to come up with their own definition of punk—and everyone is ready to embrace it. Emo had always connected with young people—it had just never aggressively marketed itself to them . [ 83 ] In the summer of 2001 Vagrant organized a national tour featuring every band on the label, sponsored by corporations such as Microsoft and Coca-Cola . This populist approach and the use of the internet as a marketing tool helped Vagrant become one of the country's most successful independent labels and also helped to popularize the term "emo". [ 90 ] According Greenwald, "More than any other event, it was Vagrant America that defined emo to masses—mainly because it had the gumption to hit the road and bring it to them ." [ 87 ] The media business, so desperate for its self-obsessed, post-9/11 predictions of a return to austerity and the death of irony to come true, had found its next big thing. But it was barely a "thing," because no one had heard of it, and those who had couldn't define it. Despite the fact that the hedonistic, materialistic hip-hop of Nelly was still dominating the charts, magazine readers in the summer of '02 were informed that the nation was deep in an introverted healing process, and the way it was healing was by wearing thick black glasses and vintage striped shirts. Emo, we were told, would heal us all through fashion . [ 103 ] ” In the wake of this success, many emo bands were signed to major record labels and the style became a marketable product. [ 104 ] Dreamworks Records senior A&R representative Luke Wood remarked that "The industry really does look at emo as the new raprock, or the new grunge. I don't think that anyone is listening to the music that's being made—they're thinking of how they're going to take advantage of the sound's popularity at retail." [ 105 ] The depoliticized nature of emo, coupled with its catchy music and accessible themes, gave it a broad appeal to young mainstream audiences. Emo staple band Taking Back Sunday would continue to find major success in the years that followed, with their 2004 album Where You Want To Be charting at #3 in the Billboard 200 , with the second single of the album " This Photograph is Proof (I Know You Know) " being featured in the Spider-Man 2 soundtrack, and their 2006 album Louder Now , with Louder Now being the band's breakout into the mainstream and charting at #2 in the Billboard 200 , notably because of the popularity of its lead single " MakeDamnSure ", both albums would be certified gold by the RIAA with Where You Want To Be having sold 667,000 copies as of September 2005, and Louder Now having sold over 900,000 copies as of June 9, 2008. At the same time, a darker, more aggressive offshoot of emo gained popularity. New Jersey–based Thursday signed a multi-million-dollar, multialbum contract with Island Def Jam on the strength of their 2001 album Full Collapse , which reached No. 178 on the Billboard 200. [ 106 ] Their music differed from the prominent emo bands of the time in that it was more politicized and lacked dominant pop hooks and anthems, drawing influence from more maudlin bands such as The Smiths , Joy Division , and The Cure . However, the band's accessibility, openness, basement-show roots, and touring alongside bands like Saves the Day made them part of the emo movement. [ 107 ] As the genre coalesced, the record label Fueled by Ramen became a center of the movement, releasing platinum selling albums from bands like Fall Out Boy , Panic! at the Disco , and Paramore . [ 138 ] Two main regional scenes developed; in Florida the scene was created by the label Fueled by Ramen and the band Dashboard Confessional , and in the Midwest emo-pop was promoted by Pete Wentz, whose band Fall Out Boy rose to the front of the style in the mid-2000s. [ 138 ] [ 156 ] [ 157 ] In 2008, the band Cash Cash released Take It to the Floor , which Allmusic stated could be "the definitive statement of airheaded, glittery, and content-free emo-pop". [ 158 ] Allmusic further stated that with this release "the transformation of emo from the expression of intensely felt, ripped-from-the-throat feelings played by bands directly influenced by post-punk and hardcore to mall-friendly Day-Glo pop played by kids who look about as authentic as the "punks" on an old episode of Quincy did back in the '70s was made pretty much complete". [ 158 ] Screamo The term "screamo" was initially applied to a more aggressive offshoot of emo that developed in San Diego in 1991, which used short songs that grafted "spastic intensity to willfully experimental dissonance and dynamics." [ 159 ] Screamo is a particularly dissonant style of emo influenced by hardcore punk [ 108 ] and uses typical rock instrumentation, but is noted for its brief compositions, chaotic execution, and screaming vocals . Some bands that formed in the United States during the late 1990s and remained active throughout the 2000s, such as Thursday , Thrice , and Poison the Well made screamo much more popular. Many of these bands took influence from the likes of post-hardcore bands like Refused and At the Drive-In . [ 108 ] By the mid-2000s, the over-saturation of the screamo scene caused many bands to purposefully expand past the genre's trademarks and incorporate more experimental elements. [ 108 ] Even bands that weren't necessarily screamo would often use the style's characteristic guttural vocal style. [ 108 ] Derek Miller, guitarist for the post-hardcore band Poison the Well , claimed that the term screamo "describes a thousand different genres." [ 165 ] According to Jeff Mitchell of Iowa State Daily , "there is no set definition of what screamo sounds like but screaming over once deafeningly loud rocking noise and suddenly quiet, melodic guitar lines is a theme commonly affiliated with the genre." [ 166 ] Juan Gabe, vocalist for the band Comadre , alleged that the term "has been kind of tainted in a way, especially in the States." [ 111 ] Fashion Emo fashion took a noticeable turn in the 2000s; from being clean-cut to more punk looking. Today emo is commonly tied to both music and fashion as well as the emo subculture. [ 176 ] Usually among teens, the term "emo" is stereotyped with wearing jeans , sometimes in bright colors and may often be close-fitting, and t-shirts (usually short-sleeved) which often bear the names of emo bands. Studded belts and black wristbands can be associated in emo fashion. Some males can also be often wearing thick, black horn-rimmed glasses. [ 177 ] [ 178 ] [ 179 ] The emo fashion is also recognized for its hairstyles. Popular looks include thin, flat and smooth hair with lots of hair on the sides and back of the head with long side-swept bangs , sometimes covering one or both eyes. Also, another thing that was popular is hair that is straightened or dyed black. Bright colors, such as blue, pink, red, or bleached blond, are also typical as highlights in emo hairstyles. Short, choppy layers of hair are also common. [ 180 ] This fashion has at times been characterized as a fad . [ 181 ] However, in the early 2000s, emo fashion was associated with a clean cut look instead, but changed as it spread to teens. [ 177 ] Emo fashion also has been often confused with goth fashion [ 182 ] and scene fashion. [ 183 ] Suicide and self harm Emo music has been blamed for the suicide by hanging of teenager Hannah Bond by both the coroner at the inquest into her death and her mother, Heather Bond, after it was claimed that emo music glamorized suicide and her apparent obsession with My Chemical Romance was said to be linked to her suicide. The inquest heard that she was part of an Internet "emo cult" [ 189 ] and her Bebo page contained an image of an "emo girl" with bloody wrists. [ 190 ] It also heard that she had discussed the "glamour" of hanging online [ 189 ] and had explained to her parents that her self-harming was an "emo initiation ceremony". [ 190 ] Heather Bond criticised emo fashion, saying: "There are 'emo' websites that show pink teddies hanging themselves." After the verdict was reported in NME , fans of emo music contacted the magazine to defend against accusations that it promotes self-harm and suicide. [ 191 ] Gender bias Emo has been criticized for its androcentrism . [ 192 ] Andy Greenwald notes that there are very few women in emo bands, and that even those few do not typically have an active voice in the songs' subject matter: "Though emo—and to a certain degree, punk—has always been a typically male province, the monotony of the labels' gender perspective can be overwhelming." [ 193 ] The triumph of the "lonely boy's aesthetic" in emo, coupled with the style's popularity, has led to a litany of one-sided songs in which males vent their fury at the women who have wronged them: [ 193 ] Some emo bands' lyrics disguise violent anti-women sentiments in a veneer of pop music. [ 194 ] "Fuck Emo" graffiti on a wall in Mexico. However, despite emo's frequent portrayal of women as powerless victims, fans of the style are from both genders, and some acts have even greater popularity with women than with men. [ 195 ] One explanation for this is that the unifying appeal of emo, its expression of emotional devastation, can be appreciated equally by both sexes regardless of the songs' specific subjects. [ 196 ] Backlash The genre emo inspired a backlash movement in response to its rapid growth. Several bands considered to be "emo" rejected the label for the social stigma and controversy surrounding it. [ 197 ] [ 198 ] [ 199 ] [ 200 ] Warped Tour founder Kevin Lyman stated that there was a "real backlash" among bands on the tour towards emo groups, but he dismissed the hostility as "juvenile" in nature. [ 201 ] The movement grew with intensity over time. Time reported in 2008 that "anti-emo" groups attacked teenagers in Mexico City, Querétaro , and Tijuana . [ 202 ] [ 203 ] In Russia, a law was presented at the Duma to regulate emo websites and forbid emo style at schools and government buildings, for fears of emo being a "dangerous teen trend" promoting anti-social behaviour, depression, social withdrawal and even suicide. [ 204 ] [ 205 ] In May 2010 in Saudi Arabia , the religious police in the city of Dammam arrested 10 emo girls for allegedly offensive un-Islamic behaviour and dress. [ 206 ] In March 2012 reports by human rights activists suggested that, in a single month, Shia militias in Iraq had shot or beaten to death up to 58 young Iraqi emos. [ 207 ] ^ Greenwald, pp. 17–18. "Fugazi is one of the best and most influential groups of the last thirty years—and yet, despite some opinion to the contrary, they are not an emo band. Fugazi's fan base is too varied, too diffuse—its themes likewise. Fugazi is a living blueprint for a truly committed, punk/DIY artistic life once both the rage and the tears have faded. Making the group, perhaps, an emo doctoral program, but not emo. People have their preconceived ideas crushed by Fugazi, they don't have crushes on its members." ^ Lester, Paul (8 December 2008). "New band of the day - No 445: Metro Station" . The Guardian . Retrieved 10 June 2011 . "They peddle "emo-pop", a sort of cross between saccharine boy-band pop and whatever it is that bands like Panic! at the Disco and Fall Out Boy do – emo, let's be frank." ^ a b c Greg, Pratt (22 September 2010). "Altered States, Grindcore Special part 2". Terrorizer ( United Kingdom : Miranda Yardley) (181): 43. "Another interesting sub-sub-genre was this strange crossover of first-generation emo and grind . Bands like Reversal of Man or Orchid may not have stood the test of time, but it was a pretty cool sound at the time and one that was pretty uniquely American" ^ "CIRCLE TAKES THE SQUARE is in the studio" . metal injection. 15 June 2008 . Retrieved 18 July 2011 . "... CIRCLE TAKES THE SQUARE have retained their integrity and stayed true to the grind influenced experimental, progressive hardcore soundscapes that defined the screamo albums of the early part of the millennium."


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The trust's 12th annual gala held at the Liberty Grand on May 30 "let you embrace your inner rock star, while helping to raise much-needed funds to provide information, treatment and support for brain tumour patients and their families," said Nancy Pencer, president of the Gerry & Nancy Pencer Brain Trust. Holly Pencer-Bellman, the Pencers' daughter and executive director of the Brain Trust, said that "Feb. 3, 2012, marked the 14th year since my dad, Gerry Pencer, passed away from glioblastoma multiforme -- the most aggressive type of brain cancer. Gerry was diagnosed in May 1997 with a brain tumour. At that time there were neither support groups nor clinical trials available. There was no consolidation of care. "His vision was to create a one-stop shop for brain tumour patients and their families: a treatment centre at Princess Margaret that would consolidate all of the treatments, have the best doctors and supportive care programs under one roof." The Pencer Centre has an international reputation as a brain tumour treatment and research centre, not only for its state-of-the art medical treatments and enhanced patient-centred care, but also as a significant contributor to leading-edge research. At the gala attended by 800 guests, Harley-Davidson motorcycles added to the rock atmosphere in the Viper Room. Guests who were decked out in rocker attire had the opportunity to purchase "rock box" prizes. For $100, you got a box and inside every box was a prize with a minimum value of $100, ranging from gift certificates to jewelry. There was also a $10,000 cash prize raffle. The early part of the evening featured Supper Under the Stars for some 200 sponsors who contributed at least $14,000, a performance by Grammy Award-winning singer-songwriter Marc Cohn -- who's known for his signature song Walking in Memphis -- and a live auction. Former Pencer Centre patients Lynne Terry and Yves Boucher both thanked the sponsors at the Supper Under the Stars, calling the Pencer Centre an exceptional place that allowed them to be normal and keep on living their lives. "Cancer is a word, not a sentence. The Pencer Centre makes that sentiment real. We're both living proof." Richard Saunders, president of Redstone Pictures, who provided video production services for the gala, said the "crowd the Pencer Brain Trust brings out, the amount of money they are able to raise and the way its pulled together has everyone buzzing in the city. It's really something." Guest Sara Waxman, publisher of Dine magazine, said "all charity events and health fundraising events are important... treatments for diseases of the brain is something that touches us all."