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It mattered not that they made him sea-sick--he made no account of this inconvenience ; and , whilst his body was writhing under their effects , his spirit bounded with hopeful exultation . Passepartout was enraged beyond expression by the unpropitious weather . Everything had gone so well till now ! Earth and sea had seemed to be at his master's service ; steamers and railways obeyed him ; wind and steam united to speed his journey . Had the hour of adversity come ? Passepartout was as much excited as if the twenty thousand pounds were to come from his own pocket . The storm exasperated him , the gale made him furious , and he longed to lash the obstinate sea into obedience . Poor fellow ! Fix carefully concealed from him his own satisfaction , for , had he betrayed it , Passepartout could scarcely have restrained himself from personal violence . Passepartout remained on deck as long as the tempest lasted , being unable to remain quiet below , and taking it into his head to aid the progress of the ship by lending a hand with the crew . He overwhelmed the captain , officers , and sailors , who could not help laughing at his impatience , with all sorts of questions . He wanted to know exactly how long the storm was going to last ; whereupon he was referred to the barometer , which seemed to have no intention of rising . Passepartout shook it , but with no perceptible effect ; for neither shaking nor maledictions could prevail upon it to change its mind . On the 4th , however , the sea became more calm , and the storm lessened its violence ; the wind veered southward , and was once more favourable . Passepartout cleared up with the weather . Some of the sails were unfurled , and the Rangoon resumed its most rapid speed . The time lost could not , however , be regained . Land was not signalled until five o ' clock on the morning of the 6th ; the steamer was due on the 5th . Phileas Fogg was twenty-four hours behind-hand , and the Yokohama steamer would , of course , be missed . The pilot went on board at six , and took his place on the bridge , to guide the Rangoon through the channels to the port of Hong Kong . Passepartout longed to ask him if the steamer had left for Yokohama ; but he dared not , for he wished to preserve the spark of hope , which still remained till the last moment . He had confided his anxiety to Fix who--the sly rascal ! -- tried to console him by saying that Mr. Fogg would be in time if he took the next boat ; but this only put Passepartout in a passion . Mr. Fogg , bolder than his servant , did not hesitate to approach the pilot , and tranquilly ask him if he knew when a steamer would leave Hong Kong for Yokohama . " At high tide to-morrow morning , " answered the pilot . " Ah ! " said Mr. Fogg , without betraying any astonishment . Passepartout , who heard what passed , would willingly have embraced the pilot , while Fix would have been glad to twist his neck . " What is the steamer's name ? " asked Mr. Fogg . " The Carnatic . " " Ought she not to have gone yesterday ? " " Yes , sir ; but they had to repair one of her boilers , and so her departure was postponed till to-morrow . " " Thank you , " returned Mr. Fogg , descending mathematically to the saloon . Passepartout clasped the pilot's hand and shook it heartily in his delight , exclaiming , " Pilot , you are the best of good fellows ! " The pilot probably does not know to this day why his responses won him this enthusiastic greeting . He remounted the bridge , and guided the steamer through the flotilla of junks , tankas , and fishing boats which crowd the harbour of Hong Kong . At one o ' clock the Rangoon was at the quay , and the passengers were going ashore . Chance had strangely favoured Phileas Fogg , for had not the Carnatic been forced to lie over for repairing her boilers , she would have left on the 6th of November , and the passengers for Japan would have been obliged to await for a week the sailing of the next steamer . Mr. Fogg was , it is true , twenty-four hours behind his time ; but this could not seriously imperil the remainder of his tour .


This session is all about the HOW of telling a great story to engage your audience whoever they may be ... Some of the great presenters / storytellers that we see in the media appear to be effortless - spontaneous in their delivery , endlessly witty , great at timing , creating mood , leaving an unforgettable message etc. But of course , these people are professional communicators and what we do n't see is the intense preparation that goes into their message and its delivery . For example , the journalist on location researching and choosing the right examples to tug at our heart strings ; the politician telling us his values , his strategy , his motivation in the hope that it will win our votes . And the same should be true of the leader motivating others ... This high energy , fun , practical and interactive session will help leaders to start thinking about their stories , and critically , understand how to present them in a way that engages their audiences . At the end of the session , leaders should feel equipped - know their next steps ; their strengths and where they might need to focus to become a storytelling leader that creates a great personal impact and connects with their followers . The sessions will include : Constructing a great story : Understanding the essentials of great presenting Building character : Exercises and practice in creating the narrative that sticks in the mind of the listener Creating drama : How to achieve momentum in a story , without overuse of sentiment It 's not what you say ... Maximising the impact of the story with great delivery technique Personal story : Bringing values and vision to life with personal storytelling AND making it about your listeners The Presenter - Janie Van Hool Janie has been an associate of Ashridge since 2001 . Her Ashridge clients have included The Audit Commission , The Foreign Office , ATOS KPMG , Skanska , Volvo , National Australia Bank , Dixons and The Ashridge Leading Strategy and Change Programme . Janie is a RADA trained actress and has worked in national and international theatre , TV , films and done extensive voiceover work . She uses her creative skills as a performer to help people understand how to create a dynamic leadership presence , how to communicate with confidence and maximise their personal impact . In addition to her RADA Diploma , Janie holds an MA in Voice and an MSc in Performance Psychology . Her postgraduate research focuses on performance excellence , enabling clients to feel and appear their best whilst achieving and communicating optimum performance in any professional environment . She is a skilled and experienced one-to-one coach and is the co-author , with Ashridge tutor Pam Jones , of The Impact and Presence Pocketbook . Janie's current clients include : Allied Irish Bank , O2 , George Clothing , CIMA , Oracle , MoD , ATOS KPMG , London Business School and Lloyds TSB Registrars . She also works on the Ashridge Senior Executive Programme .


Fisherman's Friends deaths : Door company fined £ 30 , 000 A company has been fined £ 30 , 000 following the deaths of a shanty group singer and the band's promoter after a two-tonne steel door fell on them . The stage door collapsed on Fisherman's Friends vocalist Trevor Grills and Paul McMullen at Guildford's G Live venue in 2013 . Shropshire-based Express Hi-Fold Doors Ltd was found guilty of a health and safety breach at Guildford Crown Court . Director David Naylor , 57 , was cleared of manslaughter by gross negligence . The door , which allowed backstage access from outside , was designed and manufactured by the company . Father-of-three Mr Grills , 54 , from Port Isaac , Cornwall , and Mr McMullen , from Disley in Cheshire , were at the venue ahead of a performance due to be staged by the 10-piece group . Mr McMullen , 44 , died at the scene and Mr Grills in hospital three days later . Sentencing , judge Philippa Whipple , said there was no " deliberate disregard for the law " but the company " fell far short of the appropriate health and safety standard " . The court heard the door had been folded in half and was being lifted " like a canopy " above the men when it collapsed . Two drive chains linking the motor and gearbox to the drive shaft failed , and the chains themselves also failed , jurors were told . The court heard there had been four similar failures involving the company's doors before 2010 , including the collapse of a hangar door at Shoreham Airport in 2003 . The judge said : " The company made some modifications , but it failed to respond more fundamentally to ensure it had taken all practicable measures . " There was an obvious risk of death or serious injury although the likelihood was not high . " The court heard the business barely traded in 2015 and was essentially liquidated . Paying tribute to the men and their families , the judge said : " They died too young and I am sure they are greatly missed . " Fisherman's Friends had chart success with a top-ten album and performed at Glastonbury .


We 're looking for an ambitious and super talented senior retail designer to join a leading creative agency . They are known for producing innovative and dynamic projects for some of the biggest brands around and their conceptual work has won them countless awards over the years . Your experience It is key that you have client-facing experience and are able to present and articulate ideas in a confident and professional manner . You must be able to use Vectorworks or Auto CAD to an extremely high standard . A 3D package such as C4D or 3D Studio Max would be advantageous . Excellent hand sketching skills is also key . This agency is looking for an individual who is highly creative and has an abundance of solid retail design experience behind them . The role There is certainly scope for you to take on as much responsibility as possible in this position , making this a fantastic opportunity for a senior looking to progress within a top creative retail agency . They work with a number of brands worldwide , from fashion to automotive to lifestyle , meaning there are always a huge variety of projects to be working on . This role is looking for a senior who is more than happy to guide and mentor a fellow midweight designer in the team ; therefore ideally you will have experience of supporting junior / midweights before . You will be a designer who is truly passionate about your work . You will be confident in delivering multiple projects at any given time and be fully involved from concepts to completion . Good knowledge of the retail market is key and you will have strong conceptual , technical and visualising skills . This is a truly amazing opportunity to join one of the best . Apply asap with your cv and portfoli


There are a few operations applied to all frames . First the raw frame may be displayed . [ general / _DISPLAY_FRAME_IMAGE_ ] Recipes remove any AXIS and blank TITLE components ; the latter to preserve the object name when NDFs are exported to FITS . Next they set the origin of the frame so that frame pixels retain the detector pixel indices . It then becomes possible to use a full-sized bad-pixel mask or flat field on any subset of a detector's pixel grid . [ _REMOVE_AXES_ , _REMOVE_BLANK_TITLE_ , _SET_ORIGIN_ ] Then recipes determine the displacements of the reference pixel with respect to the centre of the frame and stores the displacements in the referenceoffset calibration system . The reference pixel is where a star would be placed for photometry or the centre of a chopped and nodded pattern . [ _SET_REFERENCE_PIXEL_OFFSET_ , _GET_FRAME_CENTRE_ ] The next step is to switch on history recording . It is recommended to leave this enabled , since it provides a record of the processing steps of your final mosaics . Otherwise the pipeline becomes something of a black box . Use the KAPPA command hislist to list the history records . [ _TURN_ON_HISTORY_ ] For Michelle there is a validation check of the waveform used , comparing the waveform name given in the headers with other metadata , and recipes issue a warning if there is an inconsistency . Also the data range is validated to be between 25000-48000 . [ MICHELLE / _CHECK_WAVEFORM_ , MICHELLE / _VALIDATE_RAW_DATA_ ] For UFTI there is data validation , such that a warning is issued if the clipped mean sky level is below 24 counts per second in K band and 32 counts per second in H. [ UFTI / _CHECK_SKY_COUNTS_ , UFTI / _VALIDATE_RAW_DATA_ ] For UIST data taken before 2002 December 2 and Michelle , raw data units are converted from ADU per second to the UKIRT standard of total ADU per exposure . [ instrument / _INSTRUMENT_HELLO_ , UIST / _DATA_UNITS_TO_ADU_ ] A night log is created or appended in $ ORAC_DATA_OUT for each frame processed . This tabulates the main parameters of the observation having first corrected defective or undefined headers . [ _NIGHT_LOG_ , UIST / _NIGHT_LOG_ , instrument / _FIX_HEADERS_ for Classic Cam , IRCAM , MICHELLE , NIRI , and UFTI ]


Aims : To offer emotional support , information and practical help to people whom have suffered the effects of crime . Our Witness Service operates in every Crown Court and it is from this base that witnesses , victims and their families are given help before , during and after hearings . We also work for the rights of victims and their families and for greater awareness of the effects of crime . Number of Students Sought : Unlimited Nature of Pro Bono Work : Working in the Victim Support service by offering a range of services to victims of crime . Emotional support through listening and reassurance is coupled with information and practical assistance . Working for the Witness Service by offering emotional support and information about court proceedings to all witnesses , victims and their families . Nature of Commitment : Victim Support volunteers commit a minimum of 2 hours per week for 2 years . Witness Service volunteers give half a day per fortnight . Method of Reruitment and Qualifications : Call Anthony Forsyth on 020 7735 9166 and ask for information on volunteering . Please make it known that you are from The City Law School at City University . Training : The basic training in both services takes about 40 hours . It is delivered by the local service at times which take into account your other commitments . Contact Details : National Office Cranmer House 39 Brixton Road London SW9 6DZ Tel : 020 7735 9166 Fax : 020 7582 5712


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When sitting down with your solicitor for the first time talking about your claim take into account what they are saying and make sure you fully understand what they mean , they eventually should ask you if you have any questions and it is extremely important not to say ' no ' . These are several questions that definitely need to be asked to help you fully understand your claim : What 's the deal with any passengers ? Passengers are not liable to pay out any damages as they are not personally driving the car and can not be at fault . However they can claim against people who have hit them whilst in a car even if they are just the passenger . The compensation for the passenger may be decreased due to several factors , the compensation will definitely be decreased if they are found not to be wearing a seatbelt when the accident took place , another reason as to why a passengers claim maybe reduced is the knowledge that the driver was in fact intoxicated by substance if this is known by the passenger then subsequently money will be taken off . A lot of accidents can now be assessed for free and some solicitors offer a no win no fee basis , so no matter how small an accident , if you were hurt in any way it is important to looking into car accident claims . Useful and Interesting


The Phanerozoic Eon , also known as the eon of visible life , is divided into three major eras of time largely based on fossils of different groups of life-forms found within them : the Paleozoic ( 542 million to 251 million years ago ) , Mesozoic ( 251 million to 65.5 million years ago ) , and Cenozoic ( 65 . 5 million years ago to the present ) eras . The three eras can be divided into a collection of 12 different periods . During each period , Earth's continents made steady progress toward their present configuration through such processes as continental drift , mountain building , and continental glaciation . Although the Phanerozoic Eon represents only about the last one-eighth of time since the Earth's crust formed , its importance far exceeds its relatively short duration , because the eon is characterized by the rapid evolution of life , sometimes through cataclysmic mass extinction events , and other challenges . The descendants of these early life-forms are the plants , animals , and other life that abide on Earth today . Cambrian Period : 541 million to 485.4 million years ago Adapted from C.R. Scotese , The University of Texas at Arlington The Cambrian differed greatly from modern times , but it was also quite different from the preceding Proterozoic Eon ( 2 . 5 billion to 541 million years ago ) in terms of climate , geography , and life . Average global temperatures during much of the Neoproterozoic Era ( 1 billion to 541 million years ago ) were slightly cooler ( at around 12 ° C ) than today's average global temperature ( around 14 ° C ) However , the global average temperature of Cambrian times were warmer , averaging 22 ° C ( 72 ° F ) . Just prior to the beginning of the Neoproterozoic , Earth experienced a period of continental suturing that organized all of the major landmasses into the huge supercontinent of Rodinia . Rodinia was fully assembled by one billion years ago and rivaled Pangea ( a supercontinent that formed later during the Permian Period ) in size . Before the beginning of the Cambrian , Rodinia split in half , resulting in the creation of the Pacific Ocean west of what would become North America . By the middle and later parts of the Cambrian , rifting had sent the paleocontinents of Laurentia ( made up of present-day North America and Greenland ) , Baltica ( made up of present-day Western Europe and Scandinavia ) , and Siberia on their separate ways . In addition , a supercontinent called Gondwana formed , which was made up of what would become Australia , Antarctica , India , Africa , and South America . Before the Cambrian began , sea levels rose and some continents flooded . This flooding , combined with the warm Cambrian temperatures and changes in Earth's geography , led to increased rates of erosion that altered ocean chemistry . The most notable result was an increase in the oxygen content of seawater , which helped set the stage for the rise and later diversification of life – an event that has come to be known as the " Cambrian explosion , " in which early representatives of many of the major groups that make up modern animal life appeared . By the Early Cambrian the bulk of the biosphere was confined to the margins of the world's oceans ; no life was found on land ( except possibly cyanobacteria in moist sediment ) , relatively few open sea species existed , and no organisms inhabited the ocean depths . Life in the shallow regions of the seafloor , however , was already well diversified , and this early aquatic ecosystem included the relatively large carnivore Anomalocaris , trilobites , mollusks , sponges , and scavenger arthropods . Ordovician Period : 485.4 million to 443.4 million years ago Source : International Commission on Stratigraphy ( ICS ) The Ordovician Period was a time of significant changes in plate tectonics , climate , and in Earth's ecosystems . Rapid seafloor spreading at oceanic ridges produced some of the highest global sea levels in the Phanerozoic Eon ( which started at the beginning of the Cambrian ) . As a result , continents were flooded to an unprecedented level , with the continent that would become North America almost entirely underwater at times . These seas deposited widespread blankets of sediment that preserved treasure troves of fossil remains of marine animals . Scientists estimate that levels of carbon dioxide were several times higher than today , which would have created warm climates from the Equator to the poles ; however , extensive glaciers appeared for a brief time over much of the Southern Hemisphere at the end of the period . The Ordovician Period was also known for an intense diversification ( an increase in the number of species ) of marine animal life during an event which has been called the " Ordovician radiation . " This event resulted in the evolution of almost every modern phylum ( group of organisms having the same body plan ) of marine invertebrate by the end of the period , as well as the rise of fish . Ordovician seas were filled with a diverse group of invertebrates , which were dominated by brachiopods ( lamp shells ) , bryozoans ( moss animals ) , trilobites , mollusks , echinoderms ( a group of spiny-skinned marine invertebrates ) , and graptolites ( small , colonial , planktonic animals ) . On land the first plants appeared , as well as possibly the first invasion of terrestrial arthropods . The second largest mass extinction event in Earth's history took place at the end of the period , claiming roughly 85 percent of all Ordovician species . Some scientists argue that an ice age , which occurred at the end of the period , contributed to the decimation of species . Silurian Period : 443.4 million to 419.2 million years ago From E. Winson in W.S. McKerrow ( ed . ) , The Ecology of Fossils , Gerald Duckworth & Company Ltd During the Silurian , continental elevations were generally much lower than in the present day , and global sea level was much higher . Sea level rose dramatically as the extensive glaciers from the Late Ordovician ice age melted . This rising prompted changes in climatic conditions that allowed many faunal groups to recover from the extinctions of Late Ordovician times . Large expanses of several continents became flooded with shallow seas , and mound-type coral reefs were very common . Fishes were widespread . Vascular plants began to colonize coastal lowlands during the Silurian Period , whereas continental interiors remained essentially barren of life . Reef mounds ( bioherms ) on the Silurian seafloor contained brachiopods , gastropods ( class of mollusk containing present-day snails and slugs ) , crinoids ( class of echinoderm containing present-day sea lilies and feather stars ) , and trilobites . A wide variety of agnatha ( jawless ) fishes appeared , as did fishes with a primitive jaws . Different endemic groups developed in Laurentia ( known widely from sites in the Canadian Arctic , the Yukon , Pennsylvania , New York , and especially Scotland ) , Baltica ( especially Norway and Estonia ) , and Siberia ( including adjacent Mongolia ) . Devonian Period : 419.2 million to about 359 million years ago Adapted from : C.R. Scotese , The University of Texas at Arlington The Devonian Period is sometimes called the " Age of Fishes " because of the diverse , abundant , and , in some cases , bizarre types of these creatures that swam Devonian seas . Forests and the coiled shell-bearing marine organisms known as ammonites first appeared early in the Devonian . Late in the period the first four-legged amphibians appeared , indicating the colonization of land by vertebrates . During most of the Devonian Period , North America , Greenland , and Europe were united into a single Northern Hemisphere landmass , a minor supercontinent called Laurussia or Euramerica , but an ocean covered approximately 85 percent of the Devonian globe . There is limited evidence of ice caps , and the climate is thought to have been warm and equitable . The oceans experienced episodes of reduced dissolved oxygen levels , which likely caused the extinction of many species – some 70 to 80 percent of all animal species present – especially marine animals . These extinctions were followed by periods of species diversification , as the descendants of surviving organisms filled in abandoned habitats . Carboniferous Period : 358.9 million to about 298.9 million years ago Source : International Commission on Stratigraphy ( ICS ) The Carboniferous Period is divided into two major subdivisions – the Mississippian ( 358 . 9 to 323.2 million years ago ) and the Pennsylvanian ( 323 . 2 to 298.9 million years ago ) subperiods . The Early Carboniferous ( Mississippian ) world is characterized by Laurussia – a series of small landmasses in the Northern Hemisphere was made up of present-day North America , western Europe through the Urals , and Balto-Scandinavia – and Gondwana – an enormous landmass made up of present-day South America , Africa , Antarctica , Australia , and the Indian subcontinent in the Southern Hemisphere . During this time , the Tethys Sea separated the southern margin of Larussia completely from Gondwana . By Late Carboniferous ( Pennsylvanian ) times , however , most of Laurussia was fused to Gondwana and closed the Tethys . The Carboniferous was a time of diverse marine invertebrates . Benthic , or sea-bottom , marine communities were dominated by the crinoids , a group of stalked echinoderms ( invertebrates characterized by a hard , spiny covering or skin ) that still lives today . The calcareous ( containing calcium carbonate ) remains of these organisms are significant rock-forming materials . A related , but extinct , group of stalked echinoderms , the blastoids , were also a big part of Carboniferous marine ecosystems . Even though terrestrial insects had existed since the Devonian , they diversified during the Carboniferous Period . By the Pennsylvanian subperiod , dragonflies and mayflies had reached large sizes , with some of the earliest ancestors of modern dragonflies ( Protodonata ) having wingspans of approximately 70 cm ( 28 inches ) . Some scientists argued that higher oxygen concentrations present in the atmosphere during the Carboniferous Period ( some 30 percent compared with just 21 percent during the early 21st century ) may have played a role in enabling these insects to grow so large . In addition , fossils of more advanced insects capable of folding their wings , particularly cockroaches , are well represented in rocks of the Pennsylvanian subperiod . Other Pennsylvanian insects include the ancestral forms of grasshoppers and crickets and the first terrestrial scorpions . Carboniferous terrestrial environments were dominated by vascular land plants ranging from small , shrubby growths to trees exceeding heights of 100 feet ( 30 meters ) . The Carboniferous Period was also the time of peak amphibian development and the emergence of the reptiles . Permian Period : 298.9 million to 252.2 million years ago At the beginning of the Permian period glaciation was widespread , and latitudinal climatic belts were strongly developed . Climate warmed throughout the Permian times , and , by the end of the period , hot and dry conditions were so extensive that they caused a crisis in Permian marine and terrestrial life . This dramatic climatic shift may have been partially triggered by the assembly of smaller continents into the supercontinent of Pangea . Most of the Earth's land area was incorporated into Pangea , which was surrounded by an immense world ocean called Panthalassa . Terrestrial plants broadly diversified during the Permian Period , and insects evolved rapidly as they followed the plants into new habitats . In addition , several important reptile lineages first appeared during this period , including those that eventually gave rise to mammals in the Mesozoic Era . The largest mass extinction in Earth's history occurred during the latter part of the Permian Period . This mass extinction was so severe that only 10 percent or less of the species present during the time of maximum biodiversity in the Permian survived to the end of the period . Triassic Period : 252.2 million to 201.3 million years ago The Triassic Period marked the beginning of major changes that were to take place throughout the Mesozoic Era , particularly in the distribution of continents , the evolution of life , and the geographic distribution of living things . At the beginning of the Triassic , virtually all the major landmasses of the world were collected into the supercontinent of Pangea . Terrestrial climates were predominately warm and dry ( though seasonal monsoons occurred over large areas ) , and the Earth's crust was relatively quiescent . At the end of the Triassic , however , plate tectonic activity picked up , and a period of continental rifting began . On the margins of the continents , shallow seas , which had dwindled in area at the end of the Permian , became more extensive ; as sea levels gradually rose , the waters of continental shelves were colonized for the first time by large marine reptiles and reef-building corals of modern aspect . The Triassic followed on the heels of the largest mass extinction in the history of the Earth . During the recovery of life in the Triassic Period , the relative importance of land animals grew . Reptiles increased in diversity and number , and the first dinosaurs appeared , heralding the great radiation that would characterize this group during the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods . Finally , the end of the Triassic saw the appearance of the first mammals – tiny , fur-bearing , shrewlike animals derived from reptiles . Another episode of mass extinction occurred at the end of the Triassic . Though this event was less devastating than its counterpart at the end of the Permian , it did result in drastic reductions of some living populations – particularly of the ammonoids , primitive mollusks that have served as important index fossils for assigning relative ages to various strata in the Triassic System of rocks . Jurassic Period : 201.3 million to 145 million years ago Adapted from : C.R. Scotese , The University of Texas at Arlington The Jurassic was a time of significant global change in continental configurations , oceanographic patterns , and biological systems . During this period the supercontinent Pangea split apart , allowing for the eventual development of what are now the central Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico . Heightened plate tectonic movement led to significant volcanic activity , mountain-building events , and attachment of islands onto continents . Shallow seaways covered many continents , and marine and marginal marine sediments were deposited , preserving a diverse set of fossils . Rock strata laid down during the Jurassic Period have yielded gold , coal , petroleum , and other natural resources . During the Early Jurassic , animals and plants living both on land and in the seas recovered from one of the largest mass extinctions in Earth history . Many groups of vertebrate and invertebrate organisms important in the modern world made their first appearance during the Jurassic . Life was especially diverse in the oceans – thriving reef ecosystems , shallow-water invertebrate communities , and large swimming predators , including reptiles and squidlike animals . On land , dinosaurs and flying pterosaurs dominated the ecosystems , and birds made their first appearance . Early mammals also were present , though they were still fairly insignificant . Insect populations were diverse , and plants were dominated by the gymnosperms , or " naked-seed " plants . Cretaceous Period : 145 million to 66 million years ago Courtesy of Paul C. Sereno ( 1997 ) , University of Chicago The Cretaceous is the longest period of the Phanerozoic Eon . Spanning 79 million years , it represents more time than has elapsed since the extinction of the dinosaurs , which occurred at the end of the period . The name Cretaceous is derived from creta , Latin for " chalk , " and was first proposed by J.B.J. Omalius d ' Halloy in 1822 . Chalk is a soft , fine-grained type of limestone composed predominantly of the armorlike plates of coccolithophores , tiny floating algae that flourished during the Late Cretaceous . The Cretaceous Period began with Earth's land assembled essentially into two continents , Laurasia in the north and Gondwana in the south . These were almost completely separated by the equatorial Tethys seaway , and the various segments of Laurasia and Gondwana had already started to rift apart . North America had just begun pulling away from Eurasia during the Jurassic , and South America had started to split off from Africa , from which India , Australia , and Antarctica were also separating . When the Cretaceous Period ended , most of the present-day continents were separated from each other by expanses of water such as the North and South Atlantic Ocean . At the end of the period , India was adrift in the Indian Ocean , and Australia was still connected to Antarctica . The climate was generally warmer and more humid than today , probably because of very active volcanism associated with unusually high rates of seafloor spreading . The polar regions were free of continental ice sheets , their land instead covered by forest . Dinosaurs roamed Antarctica , even with its long winter night . Dinosaurs were the dominant group of land animals , especially " duck-billed " dinosaurs ( hadrosaurs ) , such as Shantungosaurus , and horned forms , such as Triceratops . Giant marine reptiles such as ichthyosaurs , mosasaurs , and plesiosaurs were common in the seas , and flying reptiles ( pterosaurs ) dominated the sky . Flowering plants ( angiosperms ) arose close to the beginning of the Cretaceous and became more abundant as the period progressed . The Late Cretaceous was a time of great productivity in the world's oceans , as borne out by the deposition of thick beds of chalk in Western Europe , eastern Russia , southern Scandinavia , the Gulf Coast of North America , and western Australia . The Cretaceous ended with one of the greatest mass extinctions in the history of Earth , exterminating the dinosaurs , marine and flying reptiles , and many marine invertebrates . Paleogene Period : 66 million to 23 million years ago , and Neogene Period : 23 million to 2.6 million years ago Adapted from C.R. Scotese , The University of Texas at Arlington The Paleogene is the oldest of the three stratigraphic divisions of the Cenozoic Era . Paleogene is Greek meaning " ancient-born " and includes the Paleocene Epoch ( 66 million to 56 million years ago ) , the Eocene Epoch ( 56 million to 33.9 million years ago ) , and the Oligocene Epoch ( 33 . 9 million to 23 million years ago ) . The term Paleogene was devised in Europe to emphasize the similarity of marine fossils found in rocks of the first three Cenozoic epochs . In contrast , the Neogene Period encompasses the interval between 23 million and 2.6 million years ago and includes the Miocene ( 23 million to 5.3 million years ago ) and the Pliocene ( 5 . 3 million to 2.6 million years ago ) epochs . The Neogene , which means " new born , " was designated as such to emphasize that the marine and terrestrial fossils found in the strata of this time were more closely related to each other than to those of the preceding period . Until 2008 , these two intervals were known as the Tertiary Period . Together , the Paleogene and Neogene Periods made up a time of enormous geologic , climatic , oceanographic , and biological change . They spanned the transition from a globally warm world containing relatively high sea levels and dominated by reptiles to a world of polar glaciation , sharply differentiated climate zones , and mammalian dominance . The Paleogene and Neogene were the stages of dramatic evolutionary expansion of not only mammals but also flowering plants , insects , birds , corals , deep-sea organisms , marine plankton , and mollusks ( especially clams and snails ) , among many other groups . They saw huge alterations in Earth's systems and the development of the ecological and climatic conditions that characterize the modern world . The end of the Neogene was a time in which glaciers grew in the Northern Hemisphere and primates emerged that later gave rise to modern humans ( Homo sapiens ) , chimpanzees ( Pan troglodytes ) , and other living great apes . Quaternary Period : 2.6 million years ago to the present The Quaternary has been characterized by several periods of glaciation ( the " ice ages " of common lore ) , when ice sheets many kilometers thick have covered vast areas of the continents in temperate areas . During and between these glacial periods , rapid changes in climate and sea level have occurred , and environments worldwide have been altered . These variations in turn have driven rapid changes in life-forms , both flora and fauna . Beginning some 200,000 years ago , they were responsible for the rise of modern humans .


When is payment due ? | What sum is due ? | Who may enforce a confiscation order ? | The Director of ARA | The Magistrates' Court | Magistrates' power to obtain monies from banks and building societies | The Prosecutor | The decision to appoint an enforcement receiver | The role of third parties | Resolution of third party interests | The matrimonial home | Inadequacy of available amount | Discharging the confiscation order | Enforcement abroad | Procedure | Cases with the prosecutor holding lead responsibility | Determine whether an appeal has been lodged | Determine whether any monies have been paid | Send letter to the defendant | Determine defendant's earliest release date | List an enforcement hearing in the Magistrates' Court | Appoint Enforcement Receiver | Choice of receiver | Application to court | Content of witness statement | Hearsay evidence | Receiver's powers | Address any third party claims | Appeals ( Procedure ) | Chase up enforcement receiver | Cases where the Magistrates' Court holds lead responsibility | Useful Links | Further Information | Principle The purpose of a confiscation order , namely to deprive the defendant of the proceeds of his or her crime , is only fulfilled once the order is paid . A confiscation order is a debt owed by the defendant to the Crown . The defendant can choose to pay the order voluntarily , but if he or she fails to pay the order , compulsory enforcement action can be taken . All confiscation order payments , however enforced , go to the Treasury through the enforcing Magistrates' Court . It is intended that CPS will play an active role in the enforcement of confiscation orders by making applications to the Crown Court for the appointment of enforcement receivers and / or by requesting the listing of applications at the Magistrates' Court to activate the default sentence of imprisonment , if the defendant fails to pay the confiscation order . Top of page Guidance When is payment due ? The amount to be paid under a confiscation order must be paid on the date of the making of the confiscation order ( section 11 Proceeds of Crime Act 2002 ( POCA )) . If the defendant shows that he or she needs time to pay the confiscation order , the court may extend this time for payment for up to six months . If within the six months the defendant applies to the court for a further extension of this time and the court finds that there are exceptional circumstances , it can extend the time for a further six months . Before granting either an application for an extension of time or an application for a further extension of time , the Court must give the prosecutor an opportunity to make representations . Top of page What sum is due ? Interest is payable on the unpaid amount of the confiscation order , to encourage prompt payment . If the confiscation order is not paid by the due date , the amount of interest is added to the confiscation order and is treated as if it were part of the order ( section 12 POCA ) . The rate of interest is that specified in section 17 of the Judgments Act 1838 and is currently 8 % . Interest is not payable if an application to extend time to pay has been made by the defendant within twelve months of the making of the confiscation order and has not been determined by the court . Top of page Who may enforce a confiscation order ? The Director of ARA or the Magistrates' Court is responsible for the enforcement of a confiscation order . In cases where the Director of ARA is not responsible for enforcing the order , the prosecutor has an important role in enforcement by applying to the Crown Court for the appointment of an enforcement receiver to realise the defendant's assets , and / or to the Magistrates' Court for an enforcement hearing , so that the court can activate the sentence imposed in default of payment of the confiscation order . Top of page The Director of ARA Section 34 of POCA requires the court to appoint the Director as the enforcement authority for a confiscation order if : the Court made a confiscation order after being asked to do so by the Director ; the Court made a confiscation order after being asked by the Director to reconsider the case where no confiscation order was made ; the Court of Appeal , or the Crown Court at the direction of the House of Lords , made a confiscation order as the result of an appeal by the Director ; before the Court made the confiscation order , the Director applied to the Court to appoint him as the enforcement authority for the order . A protocol will be agreed with ARA as to the types of cases , where ARA may be willing to act as the enforcement authority . The guiding factor will be one of complexity . It is anticipated that cases , which involve the realisation of substantial assets abroad would fall within this category . Top of page The Magistrates' Court The Magistrates' Court has the ultimate responsibility of enforcing a confiscation order and it will enforce the order as if it were a fine . Nevertheless , the Magistrates' Court is not the preferred enforcer in cases involving the realisation of assets outside the jurisdiction , real property , or enforcing against property held in the names of third parties . Top of page Magistrates' power to obtain monies from banks and building societies POCA makes specific provision for cash held by banks and building societies , in order to ensure that effective enforcement of confiscation orders occurs quickly . A Magistrates' Court may order a bank or building society to pay the money to the Justices' Chief Executive towards satisfaction of the confiscation order if any of the following conditions occurs : money is held by a defendant in an account which he holds with a bank or building society ; or money has been seized by a constable under section 19 of PACE 1984 and is held by a police force in an account which it holds with a bank or building society ; or money has been seized by a customs officer under section 19 of PACE 1984 and is held by the Commissioners of Customs and Excise in an account which they hold with a bank or building society ; and the money has been restrained by a restraint order ; and a confiscation order has been made against the defendant ; and the Director has not been appointed as the enforcement authority for the confiscation order ; and an enforcement receiver has not been appointed in relation to the money ; and the period granted by the Court for payment of the confiscation order has expired . If the bank or building society fails to comply with such an order , the Magistrates' Court may order it to pay an amount not exceeding £ 5000 and this money will be treated as payment towards the confiscation order ( see section 67 POCA ) . Top of page The Prosecutor As the Director of ARA is only likely to be appointed in complex cases , perhaps involving foreign properties , and as the Magistrates' Court is best equipped to recover sums of money from bank accounts or other straight forward cases , it will fall upon the prosecutor to enforce cases involving the realisation of the defendant's assets . Fortunately , this task may be easily achieved by the prosecutor applying to the Crown Court for the appointment of an enforcement receiver ( see below ) . The prosecutor , rather than the Magistrates' Court , should normally take primary responsibility in cases in which there is an existing restraint order and / or where the realisable assets include : Assets out of the jurisdiction ; Real property ; or Assets held in the names of third parties ( including limited companies ) . Note - This is an administrative arrangement rather than a legal requirement . Top of page The decision to appoint an enforcement receiver The prosecutor should consider making an application to the Crown Court for the appointment of an enforcement receiver wherever the realisable assets include assets out of the jurisdiction , real property or assets held by and / or in the names of third parties ( including limited companies ) . Another factor to consider is the cost of appointing an enforcement receiver . The CPS give the receiver an indemnity to make good any shortfall of the receiver's costs after the defendant's assets have been realised . Clearly , if the costs of hiring the receiver are likely to be in excess of the amount that is likely to be realised , a receiver should not be appointed . This may be a particularly pertinent issue in cases where there has been no restraint order , as some assets may have been dissipated prior to the appointment of the receiver . Although the application to court is made by the prosecutor , once appointed , the receiver is an officer of the court and will be separately represented on future hearings . See below for the procedure relating to the appointment of the enforcement receiver . Top of page The role of third parties Third parties have no right to be heard on a criminal confiscation hearing . The Crown Court will determine the defendant's interest in property held by third parties , whether this property is held jointly , is a tainted gift , or is property otherwise held in the names of third parties . The Court at the confiscation stage is only tasked with determining the amount of the defendant's free property , in order to calculate the recoverable or available amount in which to make an order for a sum of money and is not concerned with the property itself . Any determinations as to the defendant's interest at that stage can not be binding on third parties , as they are not parties to the proceedings ( see Re Norris [ 2001 ] UKHL 34 ) . Third party assets may be restrained and / or at the enforcement stage , action may be taken by a receiver to realise property , in which third parties may be claiming an interest . Third parties are entitled to have their claims determined by a court , although not as a part of the confiscation proceedings . Unlike previous legislation , POCA provides that the appropriate court will be the Crown Court . Top of page Resolution of third party interests The court may order anyone who has possession of realisable property to give it to the receiver and may order anyone who holds an interest in realisable property to pay the receiver the amount of any interest held in the property by the defendant or the recipient of a tainted gift . Once that payment is made , the interest of the defendant or the recipient of the tainted gift in the property is extinguished . Before such orders are made , the Crown Court ( Confiscation , Restraint and Receivership ) Rules 2003 ( SI 2003 No. 421 ) require that the defendant or the recipient of the gift must be given notice of the hearing and will , therefore , be able to make representations to the court . The defendant , or the recipient of a tainted gift , may apply to the court for an order that any property that can not be replaced should not be sold . Such an order made under section 69 ( 4 ) POCA may be revoked or varied . Section 62 ( 3 ) POCA provides that any person affected by the action or proposed action of a receiver may apply to the Crown Court for an order giving directions as to the exercise of the receivership powers . The court may make such order as it believes appropriate . Any person affected by an order appointing or giving powers to a receiver may also apply to the Crown Court to vary or discharge the order by virtue of section 63 ( 1 ) ( c ) POCA . Section 69 ( 3 ) POCA provides that in exercising the powers given to the court and / or to a receiver , the powers must be exercised with a view to allowing a person other than the defendant or a recipient of a tainted gift to retain or recover the value of any interest held by him ; in the case of realisable property held by a recipient of a tainted gift , the powers must be exercised with a view to realising no more than the value for the time being of the gift ; in a case where a confiscation order has not been made against the defendant , property must not be sold if the court so orders under subsection ( 4 ) . Top of page The matrimonial home A confiscation order is an order to pay a sum of money and may be enforced against any property held by the defendant , even if some of that property was legally obtained . Accordingly , the matrimonial home may be seized and confiscated , if the defendant fails to pay . Subject to the operation of section 31 of the Family Law Act 1996 , this may result in the eviction of other family members . The effect of section 69 ( 3 ) ( a ) POCA is to reverse the unreported case of Customs and Excise v A ( July 22 2002 , CA ) ; a case in which it was held that a property adjustment order could be made in family proceedings notwithstanding the provisions of the Drug Trafficking Act 1994 . The court may not , however , order the realisation of any share in the matrimonial home owned by the spouse or partner , unless it can be shown that the share was a tainted gift ( see R v Buckman [ 1997 ] 1 Cr . A pp. R. ( S. ) 325 ) . Top of page Inadequacy of available amount If the defendant or enforcement receiver applies to the Crown Court to vary the order the court must calculate the available amount . If it finds that the available amount is inadequate to pay the amount outstanding under the confiscation order the court may substitute the amount that it thinks just ( section 23 POCA ) . The court must disregard any inadequacy that it believes is attributable in whole or in part to anything done by the defendant to preserve property held by the recipient of a tainted gift in order to prevent it from being used to pay the confiscation order . Top of page Discharging the confiscation order In exceptional circumstances if less than £ 1,000 remains to be paid under the confiscation order and a Justices' Chief Executive applies to the Court for the discharge of the order , the Court may consider whether the available amount is inadequate . If the Court finds the available amount to be inadequate to meet the amount remaining to be paid , and if this is due to fluctuations of currency exchange rates for foreign currency or due to any other reason specified by the Secretary of State , the Court may discharge the confiscation order . If only a small amount remains outstanding ( £ 50.00 or less ) and a Justices' Chief Executive applies to the Court for the discharge of the order , by virtue of section 25 POCA , the Court may discharge the confiscation order . Top of page Enforcement abroad Realisable property is often held abroad . If a confiscation order has not yet been made , but any one of the five conditions for the granting of a restraint order have been satisfied and the prosecutor or the Director believes that realisable property is situated outside the United Kingdom , the prosecutor or the Director may send a request for assistance to another country via the Secretary of State to prohibit any person from dealing with realisable property and / or to sell realisable property and apply the proceeds in accordance with the law of that country ( see section 74 POCA ) . If the property is sold by the requested country , the money raised from that sale remains in the requested country , but the remaining balance of the amount ordered to be confiscated will be reduced by the amount raised by the sale . Top of page Procedure MAS have prepared a process map of the steps involved at the enforcement stage under the previous legislation . Enforcement . x ls The Crown Court will send the Notice of the Confiscation Order , Confiscation Certificate and Schedule ( s ) of Assets to the relevant prosecutor and the defence solicitors within seven days of the confiscation order being made . The prosecutor should then contact the Justices' Chief Executive for the Magistrates' Court within fourteen days of receipt of Orders and Schedule ( s ) from the Crown Court to inform him / her whether CPS intends to take the primary enforcement responsibility , or conversely whether there is an existing restraint order and that The CPS intends to take no enforcement action . The reasons for this should be detailed in a letter . The Justices Chief Executive for the Magistrates' Courts will contact the prosecutor in cases that he / she believes that the prosecutor should take primary responsibility , if the prosecutor has not already made contact . Top of page Cases with the prosecutor holding lead responsibility Determine whether an appeal has been lodged Contact should be made with the Court of Appeal to confirm whether or not an appeal has been lodged . If an appeal has been lodged , then the enforcement process will be stayed pending the outcome of the appeal . Top of page Determine whether any monies have been paid Before taking the action outlined below , a telephone call should be made to the Magistrates' Court to ascertain whether the defendant has voluntarily paid any of the sum due under the confiscation order . Top of page Send letter to the defendant Within fourteen days of primary responsibility being established , the prosecutor should send a letter to the defendant or defendant's representatives indicating the preferred enforcement process ( voluntary payment or application for receiver ) and enclosing any relevant documents for signature ( e . g . authorities for accounts , policies , motor vehicles , jewellery etc ) . The letter will inform the defendant that failure to satisfy the Confiscation Order by the due date together with a refusal to consent to the preferred enforcement process may lead to the imposition of the default sentence . The debt will not be expunged after the default sentence is imposed . It can not be remitted and will increase due to the accrual of interest at the relevant rate . Enforcement action to realise assets will continue even after the default sentence is imposed . Top of page Determine defendant's earliest release date The prosecutor should obtain confirmation of changes in the defendant's earliest release date and current location by faxing the Prisoner Release Service on 0121-6263474 . Where the defendant's earliest release date post-dates the expiry of time to pay , the prosecutor should ensure that any enforcement action is completed before the defendant's earliest date of release , and preferably before the expiry of time to pay , so that the magistrates' court can issue a warrant of commitment in relation to any unpaid amount while the defendant is in prison . Top of page List an enforcement hearing in the Magistrates' Court At the request of the prosecutor , the Magistrates' Court should list an enforcement hearing to see why the default sentence should not be imposed . The prosecutor should supply the Court with copies of the relevant correspondence to and from the defendant showing its efforts to pursue funds . Once a default sentence has been imposed , it can not be remitted and must be served in full , or until such time as the Confiscation order is satisfied , whichever is earliest . The incentive to the defendant is the fact that wilful refusal to co-operate is likely to lead to the default sentence being imposed and being served in full with the assets then be realised anyway . If there is no penalty for delaying the enforcement process defendants will continue to do so . At the request of the prosecutor , the Magistrates' Court should issue a distress warrant or obtain a garnishee order as appropriate . The prosecutor should supply the Court with copies of the relevant correspondence to and from the defendant showing its efforts to pursue the particular assets and any other information or documentary evidence which the Magistrates' Court might reasonably require in order to obtain a garnishee order . Enforcement hearings at the Magistrates' Court should not normally be adjourned for more than two weeks to allow for the defendant to sign relevant documentation or four weeks to permit the defendant to arrange for the transfer to the Court's bailiffs of chattel assets not already in the Crown's possession . NB . It can be more expedient and cost-effective for the court rather than a receiver to realise certain chattels or cash . Top of page Appoint Enforcement Receiver There are three conditions that must exist before the court appoints an enforcement receiver : The court has made a confiscation order ; The confiscation order has not been satisfied ; and The confiscation order is not subject to appeal . Once these conditions are met , on the application of the prosecutor , the Crown Court may appoint a Receiver in respect of realisable property . Top of page Choice of receiver A panel of receivers will be appointed to act on behalf of The CPS on a range of confiscation related matters across the 42 Areas . Areas will take receivers from a national panel on a case-by-case basis ; geography does not impact on the selection and use of receivers . Receivers will be appointed to the panel after a rigorous tendering exercise and be experienced in this work and fully acquainted with CPS requirements . The project team , on behalf of the Service , will undertake the tendering and the setting up of the panel . The receiver's letters of appointment will agree the fees they charge and the terms and conditions under which they will work as set out in the Framework Agreement . Top of page Application to court The Crown Court may determine the application without a hearing . The Rules state that unless the application to appoint the receiver is made ex parte , the application and witness statement must be lodged with the Crown Court and served on - the defendant ; the recipients of any tainted gifts ; and any other person whom the applicant knows to have an interest in any property to which the application relates , at least seven days before the date fixed by the court for hearing the application , unless the Crown Court specifies a shorter period . Top of page Content of witness statement The witness statement should give the grounds for the application including : an overview of the case and the circumstances giving rise to the need for the appointment of an enforcement receiver ; copy correspondence with the defendant inviting payment of the confiscation order ; full details of the proposed receiver and exhibit the letter of agreement setting out the basis for the receivers remuneration and operation and a consent letter from the receiver that he or she is willing to act in the case and abide by the terms of both the order and letter of agreement ; and to the best of the witness's ability , full details of the realisable property in respect of which the applicant is seeking the order and specify the person holding that realisable property . A draft receivership order must accompany the witness statement . Top of page Hearsay evidence Hearsay evidence is admissible in restraint and receivership applications , however , Rule 39 of the Crown Court ( Confiscation , Restraint and Receivership ) Rules 2003 ( SI 2003 No. 421 ) provides that section 2 ( 1 ) of the Civil Evidence Act 1995 does not apply to these proceedings . There is no duty to serve notice identifying the hearsay statements or of an intention to rely upon hearsay . Top of page Receiver's powers The receiver gets his authority to act from the court . This is set out in the order appointing him ( section 51 POCA ) . It is extremely important that the order appointing a enforcement receiver is drafted so as to give the receiver the powers that he needs to operate to manage the assets . An ex parte application to appoint an enforcement receiver the Court can not give the receiver power to manage the assets as in order to grant the receiver this power an opportunity to be heard must be given to all parties likely to be affected by the enforcement receiver order . On an ex parte order the receiver may be given the Power to take possession of property ; Power to start , carry on or defend legal proceedings in respect of the property ; Power to enter premises in England and Wales : To search for or inspect anything authorised by the Court ; To make or obtain a copy or photograph or other record as authorised by the Court ; To remove any property as authorised in the receivership order . After an inter partes hearing he may be given the powers set out above and also the Power to realise so much of the property as is necessary to meet the receivers remuneration and expenses ; and Power to realise so much of the property as is necessary to meet the receivers remuneration and expenses . Top of page Address any third party claims Please refer to the heading " The role of third parties " above . Top of page Appeals Any decision as to whether a prosecution appeal should be lodged , should be taken at level E , or by the head of the relevant trials unit . Prosecution appeals in respect of enforcement receivership include : Section 65 ( 1 ) to the Court of Appeal in respect of the refusal of the Crown Court to appoint and / or give powers to an enforcement receiver ; Section 65 ( 2 ) ( a ) to the Court of Appeal in respect of an order made by the Crown Court to appoint and / or to give powers to an enforcement receiver ; Section 65 ( 3 ) to the Court of Appeal where on a further application by the prosecutor , the Crown Court refuses to make an order ; Section 65 ( 4 ) to the Court of Appeal where on a further application the Crown Court has made an order ; and Section 66 to the House of Lords in respect of a decision of the Court of Appeal . In addition , the defendant and / or any person affected by the appointment or powers given to a enforcement receiver ; by the grant of powers to the receiver ; by the refusal or the giving of directions ; or by a refusal to discharge or vary the order , may appeal with leave to the Court of Appeal . Any party appearing in an appeal before the Court of Appeal may appeal with leave to the House of Lords . The appeal procedure may be found in a combination of POCA , the Criminal Appeal ( Confiscation , Restraint and Receivership ) Rules 2003 and in the Proceeds of Crime Act 2002 ( Appeals under Part 2 ) Order 2003 ( SI 2003 No. 82 ) . Notice of Appeal should be served within fourteen days , although application can be made for an appeal out of time . Top of page Chase up enforcement receiver Regular contact should be maintained with the enforcement receiver and reports obtained of the amounts recovered and of the remaining balance . This information should be entered on the Excel spreadsheet and submitted to Headquarters on a quarterly basis . Top of page Cases where the Magistrates' Court holds lead responsibility Quarterly updates as to the value of assets realised should be obtained from the relevant Magistrate's Court . The details should be entered in the Excel spreadsheet and forwarded to Headquarters every quarter whilst the order is outstanding . If the Magistrates' Court appears to be making little progress , the prosecutor should consider asking the court to list a hearing to activate the default sentence of imprisonment . Alternatively , further consideration should be given to the appointment of an enforcement receiver , if appropriate . Top of page Useful Links Enforcement protocol Receiver Panel Letter of appointment of receiver Forms Draft Orders Pre-POCA confiscation guidance


Keywords : Crystallography , Thermal diffuse Zincblende structure , Diamond structure , Solid state physics , X-ray scattering , Iii-v compounds , Silicon , Lattice dynamics , Tds , Ii-vi compounds , I-vii compounds . Classification : 7.8 , 8 . Nature of problem : Determination of single-phonon diffuse X-ray scattering in lines , areas or volumes of reciprocal space at any temperature , using eigendata given by a lattice dynamical model . Evaluation of contribution to one - phononscattering from ionic deformations , modelled by a shell model . Solution method : The elements of the analytic solution are assembled from a combination of input data , tabulated scattering factors and transformation of a minimum set of eigendata . The scattering is evaluated along lines in reciprocal space . Restrictions : Zincblende structure compounds and Group IV elements only ; may be modified for other compounds .


SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT POLICY Jaguar Sustainability Our Policy * We are committed to addressing the challenges of sustainable development and operating as a responsible corporate business . We will strive to achieve sustainability by integrating and balancing our economic , social and environmental responsibilities within all our activities . We will develop and operate efficient business processes that are holistic , encompassing economic , social and environmental requirements , and that are an integral part of the decision-making process . We will implement tools and techniques to enable us to assess our sustainability impacts , to ensure performance improvement , and periodically we will report on our performance . Fundamental to our operation is the commitment to continual improvement , and to meet or exceed legal and regulatory requirements in all of our activities . * ECONOMIC - Deliver financial growth with a focus on a long term sustainability , recognising our responsibilities to the wide range of stakeholders - Account for the true impact of our activities to better inform decision making * SOCIAL - Recognise and meet our corporate responsibilities to the many stakeholders in our business , including shareholders , employees , suppliers , dealers and customers , and neighbouring communities - Understand our contribution to society in the broader context of " sustainable mobility " to support our long term planning . * ENVIRONMENT - Improve environmental performance throughout the business by reducing and preventing pollution , conserving resources , managing materials of concern responsibly , minimising wastes , and implementing effective and efficient processes - Optimise the potential for the use of alternative fuels , renewable energy , and recycled and sustainable materials David M Smith Chief Executive Officer


Gentleman Jim , the greatest Blue of all He was one of the great names in football during the game's golden age after World War Two when crowds flocked back to soccer in their millions . Born in Alton 1925 , Dickinson joined Pompey from Alton Youth Club . After three years in the Royal Navy , he made his league debut against Blackburn Rovers at Fratton Park in 1946 . He established the number six shirt as his own and helped steer Pompey to successive league championships . And a total of 48 appearances for England made him Pompey's most capped player of all time . He played 764 league games for Pompey - a record for one player at a single club which was not broken until Swindon's John Trollope went six better in 1980 . Dickinson was a gentleman both on and off the pitch . He was never booked or sent off in 800 Pompey and England matches . Dickinson was a Pompey stalwart for almost 20 years . Awarded the MBE in 1964 , he played his last match for the Blues a year later , helping Pompey to a 1-1 end-of-season draw at Northampton that secured safety from relegation . For more about Jimmy Dickinson and other Pompey legends , see Hall of Fame on the Pompey pages .


About HiFi Cables Hificables was started in 1999 by husband and wife team Paul Davis and Elaine Norman-Davis . Starting from a modest range of cable brands we have progressively expanded our product range to include a range of associated products of interest to hi-fi and home cinema enthusiasts . Our business is based upon offering a wide range of products at attractive prices combined with exceptional customer service . Many of our customers contact us first for technical advice before placing an order . We take great pride in ensuring that you end up with the optimum solution for your system . We are delighted to have built up a significant customer base of loyal customers . In a typical month we will process 1000 orders , many of which are from past customers or based upon recommendation from existing customers . From our humble beginnings our customers have made us one of the largest retailers of cables in the UK . However , we never forget that our success is based upon keeping customers happy . We now run the business from a modern 3,500 sq ft warehouse and believe we carry larger stocks of cable products than any other retailer in the UK


Well I was born in New York in 1954 , but grew up in Los Angeles . I now live in Santa Barbara , California . As you may have guessed , my real name is n't Christopher Pike . I am very guarded about my real name , as I prefer to keep my identity a secret . My pen name was taken from Star Trek as it was the name of the first captain of the Starship Enterprise and I am a huge fan of any kind of science fiction . Apart from science fiction I love reading books by Stephen King , Tolkien and Ray Bradbury -- Fahrenheit 451 is one of my favourite books , along with Lord of the Rings . My love of books started pretty early on . At school I was very shy and as a result I would often be found absorbed in a book . I see my writing as a way of prolonging my youth ! Before writing my career took off I had various jobs including a house painter , a computer programmer and a factory worker . I left university early to begin my career and starting off writing science fiction , which I loved -- but no one would publish it . I never really set out to write books for teenagers , it just seemed to happen that way . Being a teenager is a very intense time as you 've got so many things going on in your life and I think you feel everything so much more : anger , love , jealousy and loyalty . I have written books for adults but I prefer writing books for children . After hundreds of rejection letters my first books were finally published in 1984 . The first two were Slumber Party and Weekend . I ca n't tell you how excited I was to finally see my books in print and on the bookshelves of shops . I have to confess I still go into bookshops and arrange the displays of my books . Sometimes I will see a kid looking at my books and I will tell them I know Christopher Pike . I do n't think they would believe me if I said I was Christopher Pike .


A car bomb in the Syrian capital has killed a senior member of the Palestinian militant group Hamas . Hamas officials say military commander Izz el-Deen al-Sheikh Khalil was killed Sunday morning while starting his car . Hamas immediately blamed Israel for the attack , and officials in the Gaza Strip threatened to carry out reprisals against Israeli targets abroad . But a Hamas official in Lebanon says no such decision has been made . In Damascus , the Syrian news agency called the attack an assassination , and said Israel bears full responsibility for its consequences . Israel has not commented . But early this month , Israeli authorities promised to strike Hamas leaders abroad . The Israeli threat came one day after Hamas-linked suicide bombers killed 16 people on two buses in southern Israel . Story supplied by :