### 20. commends the government’s efforts to improve engagement with civil society and calls for a framework to ensure the financial sustainability of civil society organisations; ### 20. commends the government’s efforts to improve engagement with civil society and calls for a framework to ensure the financial sustainability of civil society organisations; strongly welcomes in this optic the creation of the inter-party parliamentary group for improvement of the rights of lgbti people , which constitutes a positive synergy between civil society and institutions;


### 21. notes the improvements in ensuring women’s rights and gender-responsive policies; welcomes the adoption of the law aimed at preventing violence against women and domestic violence and encourages the alignment of the penal code with the istanbul convention; ### 21. notes the improvements in ensuring women’s rights and gender-responsive policies; welcomes the adoption of the law aimed at preventing violence against women and domestic violence and encourages the country to enhance the implementation of the national action plan for the implementation of the istanbul convention's provisions;


### 22. encourages ongoing steps to build trust in inter-community relations and the functioning of a multi-ethnic society , while recalling the importance of upholding the rights of non-majority communities and tackling all instances of discrimination; ### 22. encourages steps to build trust among communities and the functioning of a multi-ethnic society , while recalling the importance of upholding the rights of all communities and tackling all instances of discrimination;


### 23. calls for further improvements in the enforcement of the rights to self-identification , property and inclusive intercultural education , the rights of people with disabilities and minority rights; ### 23. calls for further improvements in the enforcement of rights of persons belonging to minorities , [including self-identification] inclusive intercultural education , as well as the rights of persons with disabilities;


### 24. urges the relevant bodies to proactively prevent and systematically prosecute all instances of hate speech , hate crimes and intimidation , to thoroughly investigate related attacks and to ensure the safety and security of their targets , such as journalists , people belonging to minorities and other vulnerable groups; ### 24. urges the relevant bodies to proactively prevent and systematically prosecute all instances of hate speech , hate crimes and intimidation , to thoroughly investigate related attacks and to ensure the safety and security of their targets , such as journalists , people belonging to minorities and other vulnerable groups; calls for the government and the judiciary to improve institutional capacity in this area and ensure increasing hate speech is addressed in accordance with international standards;


### 25. welcomes north macedonia’s membership of the international holocaust remembrance alliance; recalls the need to open up yugoslav secret service archives in order to vigorously address communist-era crimes across the region; ### 25. welcomes north macedonia’s membership of the international holocaust remembrance alliance;


### 26. calls for the eu to boost its support for humanitarian assistance and border protection in the region; reiterates its calls for north macedonia to improve migration management and reception conditions; ### 26. calls for the eu to boost its support for humanitarian assistance and border protection in the region;


### 27. underlines the need to push forward the rule of law reform; ### 27. while acknowledging the progress made , underlines the need to push forward the rule of law reform;


### 28. welcomes further steps in prosecuting high-level corruption and organised crime , strengthening independent oversight institutions , and reforming electoral and judicial systems and the civil service; ### 28. welcomes further steps in consolidating the track record on investigating , prosecuting and trying corruption and organised crime cases , including at high level , strengthening independent oversight institutions , and judicial systems;


### 29. recalls that the updates to the penal code should cover , inter alia , the provisions on economic crime and disinformation; ### deleted


### 30. emphasises the need to advance the judicial reform , the independence of the judiciary and the functioning of bodies that ensure its self-governance; ### 30. emphasises the need to further advance the judicial reform , the independence of the judiciary and the functioning of bodies that ensure its self-governance;


### 32. encourages the finalisation of the security and intelligence sector reform; calls for the whistle-blower protection mechanism to be updated and the lobbying law to be implemented effectively; ### 32. encourages the finalisation of the security and intelligence sector reform as well as strengthening the capacity for parliamentary oversight of the intelligence services; calls for the whistle-blower protection mechanism to be updated and the lobbying law to be implemented effectively;


### 33. underlines the importance of delivering justice in major lawsuits related to the abuse of office , corruption and terror , including the april 2017 attacks against the sobranie , illegal wiretapping and extortion; ### 33. underlines the importance of continuing to establish legal accountability , including for cases related to the abuse of office , corruption , 2017 attacks in parliament , illegal wiretapping and the so called ‘racket case’;


### 36. welcomes the sustained progress made so far , which should lead to systemic improvements in tackling the trafficking of humans , drugs , firearms and goods , along with cybercrime and surveillance , violent crime , extremism and terrorist threats; urges north macedonia to strengthen its resilience to hybrid threats and fake news; ### 36. welcomes the sustained progress made so far , which should lead to systemic improvements in tackling the trafficking of humans , drugs , firearms and goods , along with cybercrime and surveillance , violent crime , extremism and terrorist threats; urges north macedonia to strengthen its resilience to hybrid threats and disinformation;


### 41. welcomes north macedonia’s updated climate pledges; recalls that additional efforts are needed to meet the targets for energy efficiency , renewable energy , security of supply and emission reductions; urges the authorities to align environment and climate change legislation with the eu acquis and to ensure its enforcement; ### 41. welcomes north macedonia’s updated climate pledges; recalls that additional efforts are needed to meet the targets for energy efficiency , renewable energy , security of supply and emission reductions; commends the adoption and implementation of the energy efficiency legislation; urges the authorities to align environment and climate change legislation with the eu acquis and to ensure its enforcement;


### 43. urges the country to step up efforts to upgrade transport and energy infrastructure and regional connectivity , including rail and road corridors and gas and electricity interconnectors; ### 43. urges the country to step up efforts to upgrade transport and energy infrastructure as well as regional connectivity , including rail and road corridors and gas and electricity interconnectors;


### 45. welcomes north macedonia’s continued commitment to euro-atlantic security; commends the country’s increasing alignment with the eu’s foreign , security and defence policy and invites it to align itself with the restrictive measures related to russia; welcomes its continued contributions to eu crisis management missions and operations; ### 45. welcomes north macedonia’s continued commitment to euro-atlantic security; commends the country’s full alignment with the eu’s foreign , security and defence policy , including with the restrictive measures related to russia; welcomes its continued contributions to eu crisis management missions and operations;


### 46. welcomes the ongoing process of historical reconciliation with neighbouring countries; ### deleted


### 47. strongly welcomes the political impetus for a renewed dialogue between bulgaria and north macedonia and encourages the partners to accelerate engagement in good faith in order to reach an acceptable compromise , thereby bringing societies closer together by enabling a common future in the eu; ### 47. strongly welcomes the political impetus for wide-ranging , constructive engagement between bulgaria and north macedonia , seeking new common ground in multiple concrete areas of mutual interest , instead of drawing further lines of division , which has been the trademark of nationalistic and populist fractions; encourages both countries to accelerate engagement in good faith in order to reach acceptable compromises , based on the provisions of the treaty of friendship , good neighbourliness and cooperation of 2017; expects that this approach should provide for the necessary positive environment for the finding of sustainable , long-lasting solutions to outstanding bilateral issues; encourages all institutions concerned in both countries to actively contribute to this endeavor , as any frictions risk undermining good neighbourly relations and further delaying the eu accession process;


### 47. strongly welcomes the political impetus for a renewed dialogue between bulgaria and north macedonia and encourages the partners to accelerate engagement in good faith in order to reach an acceptable compromise , thereby bringing societies closer together by enabling a common future in the eu; ### 47. regrets that bulgaria and north macedonia have yet to find an understanding on pending bilateral issues; stresses the importance of continued dialogue in order to achieve a sustainable agreement on current bilateral issues; in this regard , strongly welcomes the political impetus for a renewed dialogue between bulgaria and north macedonia and encourages the partners to accelerate engagement in good faith and in accordance with the treaty of friendship , good neighbourliness and cooperation in order to reach a mutually acceptable solution to pending bilateral issues , thereby bringing societies closer together by enabling a common future in the eu;


### a. whereas resolution 64/292 of the un general assembly recognises ‘the right to safe and clean drinking water and sanitation as a human right that is essential for the full enjoyment of life and all human rights’; whereas the absence of water is incompatible with life and both rights are essential for a dignified life; ### a. whereas resolution 64/292 of the un general assembly recognises ‘the right to safe and clean drinking water and sanitation as a human right that is essential for the full enjoyment of life and all human rights’; whereas the absence of water is incompatible with life and both rights are essential for a dignified life; whereas sanitation and access to water are mutually dependent and there can be no sustainable and universal access to clean water without functioning sanitation chains;


### c. whereas the human right to water is linked to the right to education; whereas children , in most cases girls , have to walk miles every day to fetch water , which prevents them from attending school; whereas girls are also forced to drop out of school when they are unable to access gender-appropriate toilets and manage their menstruation in a dignified manner; ### c. whereas the human right to water is linked to the right to education; whereas children , in most cases girls , have to walk miles every day to fetch water , which prevents them from attending school; whereas water is imperative for concentrating during learning; whereas girls are also forced to drop out of school when they are unable to access gender-appropriate toilets and manage their menstruation in a dignified manner;


### 1. reaffirms the right to safe drinking water and sanitation as a human right , which is in turn fundamental for the development of other rights , and as such must be guided by a logic grounded in the public interest and common good; ### 1. reaffirms the right to safe drinking water and sanitation as a human right , which is in turn fundamental for the development of other rights , and as such must be guided by a logic grounded in the public interest and common good; underlines that water is a common public good and that an adequate , continuous and high-quality supply of water must be guaranteed; underlines that access to clean drinking water is indispensable to a healthy , dignified and productive life; calls on the commission and the member states to guarantee universal and non-discriminatory access to water and sanitary facilities , prioritising those with the greatest need;


### 1. reaffirms that access to water is a vital imperative and a fundamental right; ### 1. reaffirms that access to water is a vital imperative and a fundamental right which is recognised in the un general assembly’s resolution 64/292 of 28 july 2010;


### 2. calls on the european union to promote a rights-based approach to access to water and sanitation in its external action in accordance with the un-declared water action decade 2018-2028 , and in keeping with sustainable development goal 6; ### 2. calls on the european union to promote a rights-based approach to access to water and sanitation in its external action in accordance with the un-declared water action decade 2018-2028 , and in keeping with sustainable development goal 6 on safe drinking water and sanitation to enable all countries to reach all the targets under this goal;


### 5. maintains that the full exercise of the right to water depends on the preservation of biodiversity , and therefore demands that water management should respond primarily to environmental and social interests and not to those of the various sectors of the economy; ### 5. maintains that the full exercise of the right to water depends on the preservation of biodiversity and the climate , and therefore demands that water management should respond primarily to environmental and social interests – being a basic need for plants , animals and humans – and not to those of the various sectors of the economy;


### 9. recognises the important work undertaken by environmental rights defenders , in particular those safeguarding the right to water , and roundly condemns the killings , abductions , torture , gender-based violence , threats , harassment , intimidation , smear campaigns , criminalisation , judicial harassment , forced evictions and displacements carried out by numerous perpetrators , including governments and multinational corporations; ### 9. recognises the important work undertaken by environmental rights defenders and the need to support them proactively and protect their life and safety , in particular those safeguarding the right to water , and roundly condemns the killings , abductions , torture , gender-based violence , threats , harassment , intimidation , smear campaigns , criminalisation , judicial harassment , forced evictions and displacements carried out by numerous perpetrators , including governments and multinational corporations; calls on the commission and the member states to support environmental activists and defenders and civil society organisations throughout the world;


### 12. notes with concern that the lack of access to water and adequate sanitation has a devastating effect on women’s rights , making it difficult for women and girls to lead safe and healthy lives; ### 12. notes with concern that the lack of access to water and adequate sanitation has a devastating effect on women’s rights , making it difficult for women and girls to lead safe and healthy lives; stresses that the eu and its member states , shall in close cooperation with the un and the international community , work closely with recipients of foreign aid in order to eradicate global water poverty , while ensuring adequate sanitation for all;


### 14. stresses that companies worldwide must ensure that their activities do not encroach on the enjoyment of the human right of access to safe drinking water; demands support for the binding treaty being drafted at the united nations; ### 14. stresses that companies worldwide must ensure that their activities do not encroach on or abuse the enjoyment of the human right of access to safe drinking water; calls , furthermore , for countries to introduce an obligation for companies to furnish evidence and to adopt legislation to ensure that companies do not hinder equal access to an adequate supply of water; demands support for the binding treaty being drafted at the united nations;


### 15. deplores that , as several un experts have stated , the commodification of water and speculation in futures markets is in breach of basic human rights and contributes to increasing environmental degradation and exacerbating the vulnerability of the poorest and most marginalised in society , flying in the face of the sustainable development goals; ### 15. deplores that , as several un experts have stated , the commodification of water and speculation in futures markets is in breach of basic human rights and contributes to increasing environmental degradation and exacerbating the vulnerability of the poorest and most marginalised in society , flying in the face of the sustainable development goals; underlines that water is not a luxury or consumer product and therefore must not be traded as such;


### 17. recalls that , as the eu water framework directive recognises , water is not a commodity but a public good that is vital to human life and dignity; calls on the commission , given that these are services of general interest that fall , therefore , primarily in the public interest , to permanently exclude water and sanitation and wastewater treatment from the scope of any trade agreements and to check carefully that trade agreements and the activities of european companies do not undermine , whether by action or omission , the right to drinking water and sanitation; ### 17. recalls that , as the eu water framework directive recognises , water is not a commodity but a public good that is vital to human life and dignity; calls on the commission , given that these are services of general interest that fall , therefore , primarily in the public interest , to permanently exclude water and sanitation and wastewater treatment from the scope of any trade and investment agreements and to check carefully that trade agreements and the activities of european companies do not undermine , whether by action or omission , the right to drinking water and sanitation;


### 18. calls on states to adopt a policy implementing the human right to water and sanitation and promoting the provision of water and sanitation as essential public services for all; ### 18. calls on states and donors to strengthen their promotion of the provision of water and sanitation as essential public services for all by means of investments that make it possible both to increase the number of people with access to water and wastewater services and to maintain existing infrastructures and the provision and use of services; investments in capacity building and strengthening water system management and in operations and maintenance are of crucial importance in establishing and maintaining effective and sustainable water and wastewater services;


### 23. instructs its president to forward this resolution to the council and the commission. ### 23. instructs its president to forward this resolution to the council and the commission.


### a. whereas the eu and its member states must further strengthen cyber resilience and develop common and robust cyber security and defence capabilities in order to respond to lasting security challenges; ### a. whereas the eu and its member states must further strengthen cyber resilience and develop common and robust cyber security and defence capabilities and cooperation in order to respond to lasting security challenges;


### b. whereas in recent years , we have seen continuous growth in cyber operations conducted by state and non-state actors; ### b. whereas in recent years , we have seen continuous growth in malicious cyber operations against the eu and its member states , conducted by state and non-state actors , including attacks to disrupt critical infrastructure such as energy , transportation or healthcare; as well as numerous cyber-enabled foreign interferences , which have blurred the limit between peace and hostilities;


### c. whereas conflicts can take place in all physical (land , air , sea and space) and virtual (cyber) domains , and may be amplified through elements of hybrid warfare , proxy wars , offensive and defensive use of cyber capabilities and strategic attacks to disrupt critical infrastructure; ### c. whereas cyberspace is now recognized as a domain of operation; whereas the european union’s security environment becomes more complex due to the use of elements of hybrid warfare , proxy wars , offensive and defensive cyber capabilities and strategic attacks to disrupt critical infrastructure;


### d. whereas the european external action service (eeas) , the european commission and european defence agency (eda) should support member states in stepping up their efforts to deliver cyber defence capabilities and technologies , addressing all aspects of capability development , including doctrine , leadership , organisation , personnel , training , industry , technology , infrastructure , logistics and interoperability; ### d. whereas the european external action service (eeas) , the european commission and european defence agency (eda) should support member states in coordinating and stepping up their efforts to deliver cyber defence capabilities and technologies , addressing all aspects of capability development , including doctrine , leadership , organisation , personnel , training , industry , technology , infrastructure , logistics , interoperability and resources;


### f. whereas the increasing integration of artificial intelligence (ai) into defence forces’ offensive cyber capabilities (cyber-physical systems , including the communication and data links between vehicles in a networked system) may lead to vulnerabilities to electronic warfare attacks such as jamming , spoofing or hacking; ### f. whereas the increasing integration of artificial intelligence (ai) into defence forces’ cyber capabilities (cyber-physical systems , including the communication and data links between vehicles in a networked system) may lead to vulnerabilities to electronic warfare attacks such as jamming , spoofing or hacking;


### g. whereas raising the level of cyber security within the eu is a necessary corollary to the success of europe’s digital ambitions; ### g. whereas raising the level of cyber security and cyber defence of the eu is a necessary corollary to the success of europe’s digital and geopolitical ambitions;


### h. whereas the council decided for the first time on 30 july 2020 to impose restrictive measures against individuals and entities responsible for or involved in various cyber-attacks in order to better prevent , discourage , deter and respond to malicious behavior in cyberspace; whereas the legal framework for targeted restrictive measures against cyber-attacks was adopted in may 2019; ### h. whereas the council decided for the first time on 30 july 2020 to impose restrictive measures against individuals , entities and bodies responsible for or involved in various cyber-attacks in order to better prevent , discourage , deter and respond to malicious behavior in cyberspace; whereas the legal framework for the eu cyber sanctions regimes was adopted in may 2019;


### i. whereas eu-nato cooperation has increased across multiple fields , including cyber defence; ### i. whereas eu-nato cooperation has increased across multiple fields , including cyber security and defence , inline with the 2016 eu-nato joint declaration has increased over the past years;


### 1. underlines that a common cyber defence policy and a substantial cyber defence capability are core elements for the development of the european defence union; stresses the urgent need to strengthen eu and the member state cyber defence capabilities; ### 1. underlines that a common cyber defence policy and substantial cyber defence capabilities are core elements for the development of the european defence union; stresses the urgent need to strengthen eu and the member state cyber defence capabilities;


### 2. recalls that the borderless nature of cyber space and the substantial number of cyber-attacks make them a threat requiring intensified eu-nato cooperation and a coordinated union-level response , including common member state support capabilities; ### 2. recalls that the borderless nature of cyber space as well as the substantial number and increasing complexity of cyber-attacks require a coordinated union-level response , including common member states support capabilities , as well as intensified international cooperation , among them between the eu and nato;


### 3. stresses that the review of the cyber defence policy framework (cdpf) should enhance coordination between eu actors , notably the eeas , the eu military staff , the european commission , the european defence agency (eda) , between and with member states , as well as with the european parliament , in order to ensure the updated cdpf achieves the eu’s cyber defence objectives; ### 3. welcomes the cdpf as a tool to support the development of eu member states cyber defence capabilities; stresses that the review of the cyber defence policy framework (cdpf) should enhance coordination between eu institutions , agencies and bodies , between and with member states , as well as with the european parliament , in order to ensure the updated cdpf achieves the eu’s cyber defence objectives;


### 4. calls on the eeas to further develop a coherent it security policy to strengthen cyber defence coordination; urges a cooperation strategy with the eu’s computer emergency response teams (cert-eu) to protect networks used by all eu institutions; calls on the european parliament to ensure its participation in cert-eu results to ensured a level of it security that will allow it to receive all the necessary classified and non-classified information to carry out its responsibilities under the treaties , including as a result of the current process to replace the 2002 inter-institutional agreement on access to information in the area of security and defence; ### 4. calls on the eeas and the european commission , in cooperation with the member states , to further develop a coherent it security policy to strengthen cyber defence coordination; notes that the eu’s computer emergency response teams (cert-eu) is responsible for the protection of networks used by all eu institutions , bodies and agencies , in close cooperation with cios in the respective entities; calls on the european parliament to ensure its participation in cert-eu , which would guarantee a level of it security that will allow it to receive all the necessary classified and non-classified information to carry out its responsibilities under the treaties , including as a result of the current process to replace the 2002 inter-institutional agreement on access to information in the area of security and defence; calls on the eeas to ensure the adequate levels of cybersecurity for the eeas assets , premises and activities , including the headquarters , eu delegations and csdp missions and operations;


### 5. notes the 2018 cdpf’s objective to setup an eu military cert-network; calls on member states to significantly increase classified information sharing , to develop a european rapid and secure network to counter cyber-attacks; ### 5. notes the 2018 cdpf’s objective to setup an eu military cert-network; calls on the eu member states to significantly increase information sharing , to develop a european rapid and secure network to counter cyber-attacks; acknowledges the launch of the information sharing and situational awareness platform - cyber crises liaison organisation network (cyclone) on 29 september 2020;


### 6. recalls that the 2018 eu capability development priorities (cdp) made cyber defence a key priority; welcomes the eda’s projects to improve overall eu member states efforts in this field; takes note of the eda’s cydre project , which should develop an enterprise architecture for cyberspace operations , including scope , functionalities and requirements , based upon national and eu legislation; ### 6. recalls that the 2018 eu capability development priorities (cdp) reflected on the need to develop full-spectrum capabilities and made cyber defence capabilities as a key priority; reminds that the cdp underlined that cyber situational awareness technologies and defensive cyber technologies are essential to counter security threats to the eu and member states’ command and control structures; welcomes the eda’s projects to improve overall eu member states efforts in this field; takes note of the eda’s cydre project which should develop an enterprise architecture for cyberspace operations , including scope , functionalities and requirements based upon national and eu legislation;


### 8. notes that the european defence fund (edf) , will also support strengthening resilience , and improve preparedness , responsiveness and cooperation in the cyber domain; ### 8. reminds that the edidp included intelligence , secured communication and cyber-defence in its work programmes; particularly welcomes the call for easily deployable and interconnected cyber toolbox for defence; notes that the european defence fund (edf) , will also support strengthening resilience , and improve preparedness , responsiveness and cooperation in the cyber domain;


### 9. welcomes the progress achieved by the permanent structured cooperation (pesco) cyber rapid response team; recalls that pesco offers excellent ways to speed up cyber security initiatives , such as through the cyber threats and incident response information sharing platform and cyber and information domain coordination centre; ### 9. welcomes the increased cooperation among member states in the domain of cyber defence and c4isr in the framework of the permanent structured cooperation (pesco) , including cyber rapid response teams and mutual assistance in cybersecurity project; recalls that pesco offers excellent ways to speed up cyber security initiatives , such as through the cyber threats and incident response information sharing platform and cyber and information domain coordination centre;


### 10. emphasises that in line with the civilian csdp compact , civilian csdp must be cyber resilient and support third countries , including through monitoring , mentoring and advice; ### 10. emphasises that in line with the civilian csdp compact , civilian csdp must be cyber resilient and support third countries’ cyber capacity-building including through monitoring , mentoring , and advice; recommends to explore options to foster the cyber capability-building of our partners such as extending the mandate of eu training missions to also comprise cyber defence aspects or to launch civilian cyber missions;


### 11. welcomes the council’s june 2019 framework , which allows targeted restrictive measures to deter and respond to cyber-attacks that constitute a threat to the eu or its member states , including cyber-attacks against third countries or international organisations; welcomes the imposition of such restrictive measures in july 2020 and october 2020 as a credible step in strengthening the eu’s cyber diplomacy toolbox; ### 11. welcomes the council’s june 2019 framework , which allows targeted restrictive measures to deter and respond to cyber-attacks that constitute a threat to the eu or its member states , including cyber-attacks against third countries or international organisations; welcomes the imposition of such restrictive measures in july 2020 and october 2020 as a credible step in implementing the eu’s cyber diplomacy toolbox and strengthening eu’s cyber deterrence posture;


### 12. welcomes the work led by enisa involving the member states and interested stakeholders to provide the eu with certification schemes for ict products , services and processes in order to raise the overall level of cybersecurity within the digital single market; stresses the eu’s pivotal pioneering role in developing standards that shape the cybersecurity landscape , contribute to fair competition within the eu and on the global stage , and react to extraterritorial measures and security risks from third countries; ### 12. recalls that given the dual nature of cybertechnologies , secured civilian products and services are key to the military and thus contributes to better cyber defence; therefore welcomes the work led by enisa involving the member states and interested stakeholders to provide the eu with certification schemes for ict products , services and processes in order to raise the overall level of cybersecurity within the digital single market; stresses the eu’s pivotal pioneering role in developing standards that shape the cybersecurity landscape , contribute to fair competition within the eu and on the global stage , and react to extraterritorial measures and security risks from third countries;


### 14. insists that the strategic compass should deepen the strategic culture in the cyber domain and remove any duplication of capabilities and mandates; stresses that it is essential to overcome the current fragmentation and complexity of the overall cyber architecture within the eu; ### 14. insists that the strategic compass , should contribute to creating a common strategic culture in the cyber domain and remove any duplication of capabilities and mandates; stresses that it is essential to overcome the current fragmentation and complexity of the overall cyber architecture within the eu;


### 15. stresses that fragmentation is accompanied by serious concerns over resources and staff at the eu level; urges the vp/hr and/or the member states to increase financial and personnel resources , in particular experts in cyberforensics; calls for further funding for cert-eu and the creation of an eu security operations centre; ### 15. stresses that fragmentation is accompanied by the need to increase financial and personnel resources , in particular cyber intelligence analysts and experts in cyber forensics; calls for further funding for cert-eu and to support member states in establishing and strengthening security operation centres (socs) in order to build a network of socs across the eu;


### 16. recalls that cyber defence has both military and civilian dimensions; calls on the vp/hr , therefore , to develop an integrated policy approach and close cooperation between the military cert-network and cert-eu; ### 16. recalls that cyber defence requires strong military and civilian cooperation , synergies and coherence of instruments; therefore calls on the eu commission to develop an integrated policy approach and close cooperation between the computer security incident response teams csirts network and the foreseen military cert-network;


### 17. welcomes the joint communication by the vp/hr and the commission entitled ‘the eu’s cybersecurity strategy for the digital decade’ , which aims to enhance synergies and cooperation between civilian , defence and space cyber work; considers the strategy a milestone for strengthening the eu’s and member states’ cyber resilience , thereby contributing to european strategic sovereignty; ### 17. takes note of the joint communication by the vp/hr and the commission entitled ‘the eu’s cybersecurity strategy for the digital decade’ , which aims to enhance synergies and cooperation between civilian , defence and space cyber work; considers the strategy a milestone for strengthening the eu’s and member states’ cyber resilience , thereby strengthening eu’s digital leadership and its strategic capacities;


### 18. recalls that improving cyber defence capabilities also requires civilian network and information security expertise; welcomes the proposed revision of the directive on security of network and information systems (nis) and of current eu law , seeking to protect critical infrastructures , enhance supply chain security and the inclusion of regulated actors in the digital ecosystem; ### 18. recalls that improving cyber defence capabilities also requires , given their often dual-use nature , civilian network and information security expertise; notes the importance of promoting civil-military cooperation; welcomes the proposed revision of the directive on security of network and information systems (nis) and of current eu law , seeking to protect critical infrastructures , enhance supply chain security and the inclusion of regulated actors in the digital ecosystem;


### 19. welcomes the commission’s action plan on synergies between civil , defence and space industries , and recalls the close interdependence of these three sectors in cyber defence; notes that , differently from other military domains , cyber space is mainly owned by commercial entities based mostly outside the eu , which leads to industrial and technological dependencies on third parties; strongly believes that the eu needs to increase its technological sovereignty and innovation , investing in the use of new technologies in security and defence such as artificial intelligence (ai) and quantum computing; ### 19. welcomes the commission’s action plan on synergies between civil , defence and space industries and recalls the close interdependence of these three sectors for cyber defence; notes that , differently from other military domains , cyber space is mainly owned by commercial entities based mostly outside the eu , which leads to industrial and technological dependencies on third parties; notes the important work conducted by eu satcen and underlines that the union must have adequate resources in the fields of space imagery and intelligence-gathering , stressesthat eu satcen should benefit from structural union funding to be able to maintain its contributions to the union’s actions; underlines the need fort he eu to strive to prevent the weaponization of space; strongly believes that the eu needs to increase its technological sovereignty and innovation , supporting research and technology investing in the ethical use of new technologies insecurity and defence like artificial intelligence (ai) and quantum computing; stresses however that the military use of ai must respect international human rights law and international humanitarian law , and that the eu shall take the lead in promoting a global ai regulatory framework rooted in democratic values and a human-in-the-loop approach;


### 22. considers that eu-nato cyber cooperation is crucial , as it enables strong formal attribution and thus the imposition of restrictive sanctions; notes that functioning deterrence would be achieved if adversaries were aware of the catalogue of possible countermeasures (based on the severity , scale , and target of the cyber-attacks); ### 22. considers the eu-nato cyber cooperation crucial , which could enable and strengthen formal collective attribution of cyber malicious incidents and consequently the imposition of restrictive sanctions and measures; notes that effective cyber deterrence would be achieved if perpetrators are aware of the catalogue of countermeasures(based on severity/scale/target of the cyber attacks); calls on member states to fully share evidence and intelligence in order to feed into the establishment of cyber sanction lists;


### 24. calls for further synchronisation of eu-nato cooperation , notably on cyber defence interoperability requirements , by looking for possible complementarities , avoiding duplication and acknowledging their respective responsibilities; ### 24. calls for further synchronisation of eu-nato cooperation , notably on cyber defence interoperability requirements , by looking for possible complementarities , avoiding duplication and acknowledging their respective responsibilities; welcomes the progress made in the eu-nato cooperation in the cyber defence field , notably on the exchanges of concepts and doctrines , on cross participation in cyber exercices and on cross-briefings notably on the cyber dimension of crisis managements;


### 25. calls for closer coordination on cyber defence between member states , the eu institutions , nato , the united states and other strategic partners; underlines the urgent need for implementing the widely-recognised international normative framework for responsible state behaviour in cyberspace; ### 25. calls for closer coordination on cyber defence between member states , the eu institutions , nato , the un , osce , other strategic partners and partnership countries , and for inclusive cooperation with civil society and stakeholders; underlines the urgent need for implementing the widely-recognised international normative framework for responsible state behaviour in cyberspace;


### 26. calls on all member states and the eu to show leadership during discussions and initiatives under the auspices of the un to help truly promote responsible state behaviour in cyber space , building on the consensus reports of the un gge endorsed by the un general assembly; calls for un peacekeeping missions to be reinforced with cyber defence capacities in line with the effective implementation of their mandates; ### 26. emphasizes the need to ensure peace and stability in the cyberspace; calls on all member states and the eu to show leadership during discussions and initiatives under the auspices of the united nations (un) to help truly advance accountability , adherence to emerging norms , prevention of the misuse of digital technologies and responsible state behaviour in cyberspace building on the consensus reports of the un group of governmental experts endorsed by the un general assembly; encourages the un to foster dialogue among states , researchers , academics , civil society organisations , humanitarian actors and the private sector so as to have inclusive policymaking processes on new international provisions; calls for all existing multilateral efforts to be accelerated so that normative and regulatory frameworks are not outpaced by technological development and new methods of warfare. calls for global negotiations to put in place an ai arms control regime; calls for un peacekeeping missions to be reinforced with cyber defence capacities in line with the effective implementation of their mandates;


### a. whereas the eu defines the indo-pacific as a region spanning from the east coast of africa to the pacific island states; whereas the indo-pacific region , home to 60 % of the world’s population and seven g20 members , is a key shaper of the global international order and home to increasingly important political , trade and security partners for the eu; ### a. whereas the eu defines the indo-pacific as a varied region spanning from the east coast of africa to the pacific island states; whereas the indo-pacific region , home to 60 % of the world’s population and seven g20 members , is a key component of the global international order and home to increasingly important political , trade and security partners for the eu;


### b. whereas the recently adopted eu strategy for cooperation in the indo-pacific , which is based on a principled engagement with a long-term perspective , reflects a deep evolution in the way the eu looks at its interests in the region and the potential role it can play; whereas building strong relations and security cooperation with indo-pacific regional organisations and countries is central to the strategy; ### b. whereas the recently adopted eu strategy for cooperation in the indo-pacific , which is based on a principled engagement with a long-term perspective , reflects a deep evolution in the way the eu looks at the region and the potential role it can play to promote its values and interests there; whereas building strong relations and security cooperation with indo-pacific regional organisations and countries is central to the strategy;


### c. whereas in recent years the dynamics in the region have given rise to intense geopolitical competition , mirrored in an increase in military spending and a more aggressive rhetoric , thereby calling into question the rules-based international order; whereas a new centre of global competition has therefore evolved in the indo-pacific region; whereas there is no overarching regional security order to mitigate the associated challenges; whereas such dynamics represent serious threats to stability and security in the region and beyond , impacting directly the eu’s strategic interests as a key political and economic partner of the countries in the region; whereas the eu is committed to security , peace and international law; ### c. whereas in recent years the dynamics in the region have given rise to intense geopolitical competition , mirrored in an increase in military spending and a more aggressive rhetoric , thereby calling into question the rules-based international order; whereas a new centre of global competition has therefore evolved in the indo-pacific region; whereas there is no overarching regional security order to mitigate the associated challenges; whereas such dynamics represent serious threats to stability and security in the region and beyond , impacting directly the eu’s strategic interests as a key political and economic partner of the countries in the region; whereas the eu is committed to human security , peace and international law;


### e. whereas china’s rapid military build-up , coupled with its increasingly assertive behaviour in the indo-pacific region and its military activities in the east and south china seas , as well as its deliberate and repetitive violations of taiwan’s air defence identification zone and its increasingly aggressive rhetoric and media campaigns , are leading to rising tensions in the indo-pacific; ### e. whereas china’s rapid military build-up , coupled with its increasingly assertive behaviour in the indo-pacific region and its military activities in the east and south china seas , as well as its deliberate and repetitive violations of taiwan’s air defence identification zone and its increasingly aggressive rhetoric and media campaigns , are leading to rising tensions in the indo-pacific; sees , however , at the same time the danger that the increasing military presence of the usa and eu in the regions as well as the increasing armament of the usa and the eu member states could lead to an accelerated arms race;


### e. whereas china’s rapid military build-up , coupled with its increasingly assertive behaviour in the indo-pacific region and its military activities in the east and south china seas , as well as its deliberate and repetitive violations of taiwan’s air defence identification zone and its increasingly aggressive rhetoric and media campaigns , are leading to rising tensions in the indo-pacific; ### e. whereas china’s rapid military build-up , coupled with its increasingly assertive behaviour in the indo-pacific region and its military activities in the east and south china seas , as well as its deliberate and repetitive violations of taiwan’s air defence identification zone and its increasingly aggressive rhetoric , disinformation and media campaigns , are leading to rising tensions in the indo-pacific;


### 1. welcomes the recently adopted eu strategy for cooperation in the indo-pacific; recognises the added value of the strategy as the first foundation stone of the eu’s united approach to the region , and praises the inclusive and multifaceted nature of the strategy and the inclusion of security and defence as one of its seven priority areas; calls for the eu to use the strategy as a tool to effectively assert its presence and influence in the region through furthering strategic ties and deepening cooperation on security- and defence-related matters with regional countries and organisations; believes that increased eu engagement in the region would contribute to regional security , and help overcome regional tensions and create more balanced relations among regional players; recalls that the strategy is a team europe project; ### 1. welcomes the recently adopted eu strategy for cooperation in the indo-pacific; recognises the added value of the strategy as the first foundation stone of the eu’s united approach to the region , and praises the inclusive and multifaceted nature of the strategy and the inclusion of security and defence as one of its seven priority areas; calls for the eu to use the strategy as a tool to effectively strengthen its presence and influence in the region through furthering strategic ties and deepening cooperation on security- and defence-related matters with regional countries and organisations; believes that increased eu engagement in the region would contribute to regional security , and help overcome regional tensions and create more balanced relations among regional players; recalls that the strategy is a team europe project;


### 2. highlights the need to safeguard eu unity as a pre-condition to achieve the eu’s ambition of strategic sovereignty amid the increasing competition between the united states and china; recalls that the eu’s unified approach must be underpinned by a pragmatic and principled foreign and security policy; ### 2. highlights the need to safeguard eu unity in order to achieve the eu’s ambition of strategic sovereignty amid the increasing multi-faceted threats and increased competition between powers; recalls that the eu’s unified approach must be underpinned by a pragmatic , principled and value-based foreign and security policy , so as to deliver peace , human security , sustainable development and democracy;


### 3. stresses the eu’s determination to promote an open , stable and rules-based regional security architecture , based on respect for democracy , the rule of law , human rights and international law , and including secure sea lines of communication , capacity-building and an enhanced naval presence , in accordance with the legal framework established by the united nations convention on the law of the sea (unclos); urges the eu to further engage with the countries and organisations of the indo-pacific to foster and further build inclusive and effective partnerships , and , therefore , strengthen multilateralism via the un and other international organisations; recalls that non-compliance or an explicit violation of these values and principles would have negative repercussions on the eu’s engagement in bilateral and regional partnerships; ### 3. stresses the eu’s determination to promote an open , stable and rules-based regional security architecture , based on respect for democracy , the rule of law , human rights and international law , and including secure sea lines of communication , capacity-building and an enhanced naval presence , in accordance with the legal framework established by the united nations convention on the law of the sea (unclos);urges the eu to further engage with the democratic countries and organisations of the indo-pacific to foster and further build inclusive and effective partnerships , and , therefore , strengthen multilateralism via the un and other international organisations; recalls that non-compliance or an explicit violation of these values and principles would have negative repercussions on the eu’s engagement in bilateral and regional partnerships and could lead to sanctions;


### 4. calls on the eu to make use of its reputation as a credible and reliable actor amid the growing geopolitical competition between global and regional powers in the indo-pacific; recalls that the added value of eu engagement in the indo-pacific lies in its comprehensive range of civilian and military assistance measures , including well developed non-military contributions; recalls that the eu has a vast network of diplomatic assets to facilitate dialogue on conflict-resolution , legal solutions and expertise in setting up confidence-building measures; ### 4. calls on the eu to make use of its position and reputation as a credible and reliable global actor for peace amid the growing geopolitical competition between global and regional powers in the indo-pacific; recalls that the added value of eu engagement in the indo-pacific lies in its comprehensive range of civilian and military assistance measures , including well developed non-military contributions; recalls that the eu has a vast network of diplomatic assets to facilitate dialogue , mediation , conflict prevention , conflict-resolution , legal solutions and expertise in setting up confidence-building measures; and emphasises the capability of the eu in the field of multilateralism;


### 5. stresses its concern that the current tensions and disputes in the region , unless properly mediated and managed , pose a threat to free and open communication in the maritime , air , space and cyber areas , which are essential to maintain regional and global trading routes; ### 5. stresses its concern that the current tensions and disputes in the region , unless properly mediated and managed , pose a threat to free and open communication in the maritime , air , space and cyber areas , which are essential to maintain regional and global trading routes and global peace and security;


### 6. expresses deep concerns about china’s rapid military build-up , including its test of a hypersonic missile , and its increasingly assertive behaviour , which aims , among other things , to advance its territorial claims in the east and south china seas; highlights that security hotspots and unresolved issues , such as the democratic people’s republic of korea’s nuclear programme , the recent china-india border standoffs , the crackdown on democracy in hong kong , and threats posed by china to the territorial integrity of taiwan , exert further strain on regional security and stability; highlights that the eu’s approach towards china must be unified , pragmatic , multifaceted and principled , including cooperating on issues of shared interest , such as climate change , on the one hand , and competing when it comes to providing economic , political and strategic alternatives to third countries , and confronting china on matters where our respective views diverge substantially , on the other hand; ### 6. expresses deep concerns about china’s rapid military build-up , including its test of a hypersonic missile , and its increasingly assertive behaviour , which aims , among other things , to advance its territorial claims in the east and south china seas; highlights that security hotspots and unresolved issues , such as the democratic people’s republic of korea’s nuclear programme , the recent china-india border standoffs , the crackdown on democracy in hong kong and macau , and threats posed by china to the territorial integrity of taiwan , exert further strain on regional security and stability; highlights that the eu’s approach towards china must be unified , pragmatic , multifaceted and principled , including cooperating on issues of shared interest , such as climate change , on the one hand , and competing when it comes to providing economic , political and strategic alternatives to third countries , and confronting china on matters where our respective views diverge substantially , such as the respect for human rights , the treatment of the uyghurs minority and the interference in tibet's religious freedom , on the other hand;


### 6. expresses deep concerns about china’s rapid military build-up , including its test of a hypersonic missile , and its increasingly assertive behaviour , which aims , among other things , to advance its territorial claims in the east and south china seas; highlights that security hotspots and unresolved issues , such as the democratic people’s republic of korea’s nuclear programme , the recent china-india border standoffs , the crackdown on democracy in hong kong , and threats posed by china to the territorial integrity of taiwan , exert further strain on regional security and stability; highlights that the eu’s approach towards china must be unified , pragmatic , multifaceted and principled , including cooperating on issues of shared interest , such as climate change , on the one hand , and competing when it comes to providing economic , political and strategic alternatives to third countries , and confronting china on matters where our respective views diverge substantially , on the other hand; ### 6. expresses deep concerns about china’s rapid military build-up , including its test of a hypersonic missile , and its increasingly assertive behaviour , which aims , among other things , to advance its territorial claims in the east and south china seas; highlights that security hotspots and unresolved issues , such as the democratic people’s republic of korea’s nuclear programme , the recent china-india border standoffs , the crackdown on democracy in hong kong , and threats posed by china to the territorial integrity of taiwan , exert further strain on regional security and stability; highlights that the eu’s approach towards china must be unified , pragmatic , multifaceted and principled , including cooperating on issues of shared interest , such as climate change , on the one hand , while providing economic , political and strategic alternatives to third countries , and confronting china on matters where our respective views diverge substantially , such as human rights , on the other hand;


### 7. welcomes the very timely new eu-us dialogue on china and the establishment of eu-us consultations on the indo-pacific , and calls for a coordinated approach towards strengthening multilateral institutions and regional organisations , promoting democracy and enhancing democratic resilience in the indo-pacific region and beyond; ### 7. welcomes the very timely new eu-us dialogue on china and the establishment of eu-us consultations on the indo-pacific , and calls for a coordinated approach towards strengthening multilateral institutions and regional organisations , promoting democracy ,enhancing democratic resilience and strengthening the cooperation on security matters in the indo-pacific region and beyond;


### b. whereas in the current tense geopolitical context , key arms control treaties that came into force at the end of the cold war have recently been dismantled; ### b. whereas in the current tense geopolitical context , key arms control treaties that came into force at the end of the cold war have recently been dismantled; whereas in a world of global interdependence , the eu's security cannot be achieved without renewed global arms control and disarmament efforts;


### c. whereas the eu , through its strategy against proliferation of weapons of mass destruction (wmd) , is proactively contributing to the prevention of the use and proliferation of wmds; ### c. whereas the eu aims to be a global actor for peace and supports the rules-based international order; whereas arms control and nuclear non-proliferation were at the very root of the start of the eu project , notably with euratom; whereas the eu , through its strategy against proliferation of weapons of mass destruction (wmd) , is proactively contributing to the prevention of the use and proliferation of wmds;


### d. whereas the treaty on the non-proliferation of nuclear weapons (npt) has proven to be a cornerstone of global nuclear arms control architecture and an effective tool to uphold international peace and security; ### d. whereas in more than fifty years of its existence , the treaty on the non-proliferation of nuclear weapons (npt) with its three mutually reinforcing pillars has proven to be a cornerstone of global nuclear arms control architecture and an effective tool to uphold international peace and security , by ensuring the compliance by the vast majority of signatory states with their non-proliferation obligations through implementation of stringent safeguards and norms against the acquisition of nuclear weapons;


### e. whereas the international atomic energy agency (iaea) has been playing an instrumental role in the implementation of the npt; ### e. whereas the international atomic energy agency (iaea) has been playing an instrumental role in the implementation of the npt; whereas the additional protocol (ap) , substantially expands the iaea’s ability to check for clandestine nuclear facilities;


### f. whereas tensions and distrust among npt parties have been increasing in the recent years; ### f. whereas tensions and lack of trust among npt parties have been increasing in the recent years , exacerbated by growing deterioration of bilateral us-russian relations and subsequent steps taken to reassess the nuclear factor in military doctrines; whereas the npt review conference has been postpones due to the covid-19 pandemic; whereas the us and the russian federation committed to an integrated strategic stability dialogue on 16 june 2021;


### h. whereas the joint comprehensive plan of action (jcpoa) was an achievement of multilateral diplomacy led by the eu; whereas the us and iran have begun indirect negotiations with a view to their return to the jcpoa; whereas iran has ceased the application of the additional protocol; ### h. whereas the joint comprehensive plan of action (jcpoa) had been an achievement of multilateral diplomacy led by the eu; whereas the us and iran have begun indirect negotiations with a view of their return to the jcpoa , which have been interrupted by iran; whereas iran has ceased the application of the additional protocol;


### i. whereas the comprehensive nuclear-test-ban treaty (ctbt) has not yet been universally ratified; ### i. whereas the comprehensive nuclear-test-ban treaty (ctbt) has not yet been universally ratified; whereas the eu has been consistently promoting the contribution of the ctbt treaty to peace , security , disarmament and non-proliferation;


### k. whereas following the collapse of the intermediate-range nuclear forces (inf) treaty , the us and russia are now no longer prohibited from building and deploying this category of weapons and from engaging in a new arms race; ### k. whereas following the collapse of the intermediate-range nuclear forces (inf) treaty , the us and russia are now no longer prohibited from building and deploying this category of weapons and from engaging in a new arms race; whereas russia recently moved several nuclear-capable , ballistic missile systems believed to be capable of exceeding the range of 500 km;


### n. whereas since the withdrawal of the uk from the eu , france is now the only nuclear member state; ### n. whereas france and the uk both share the view that minimum , credible nuclear deterrence is essential to europe’s and nato's collective security; whereas since the withdrawal of the uk from the eu , france is now the only member state being a nuclear state; whereas france offered to launch a strategic dialogue with willing eu partners on the role played by france’s nuclear deterrence in the eu collective security and to associate those member states to french exercises;


### o. whereas india and pakistan , states outside the npt framework , have declared themselves to be in possession of nuclear weapons; ### o. whereas a number of middle powers have acquired the scientific , technological and industrial capabilities required to produce ballistic and cruise missiles; whereas india and pakistan , states outside the npt framework , have declared themselves to be in possession of nuclear weapons;


### q. whereas russia has failed for many years to comply with its obligations under the open skies treaty; whereas the us and russia have successively withdrawn from the treaty; ### q. whereas the open skies treaty , in force since 2002 , was intended to build trust , confidence and mutual understanding between russia and the us and its european allies; whereas russia has failed for many years to comply with its obligations under the open skies treaty; whereas the us and russia have successively withdrawn from the treaty;


### r. whereas the chemical weapons convention is the world’s first multilateral disarmament agreement to provide for the elimination of an entire category of weapons of mass destruction; whereas in the past decade , the ethical norm against the use of chemical weapons has begun to show alarming signs of erosion; ### r. whereas the chemical weapons convention is the world’s first multilateral disarmament agreement to provide for the elimination of an entire category of weapons of mass destruction; whereas in the past decade , the ethical norm against the use of chemical weapons has begun to show alarming signs of erosion; whereas the cwc needs to adapt to the new industrial production processes , innovative chemical industry and the emergency of new actors;


### s. whereas the biological weapons convention (bwc) was agreed without on-site verification mechanisms to ensure compliance; ### s. whereas the eu has been fully engaged in international efforts to improve bio-safety and bio-diversity through the implementation of the biological and toxin weapons convention; whereas 13 countries are not yet parties to the convention; whereas the biological weapons convention (bwc) was agreed without on-site verification mechanisms to ensure compliance;


### u. whereas wmd disarmament and non-proliferation efforts can contribute to sustainable development; ### u. whereas climate-related risks could negatively affect our strategic security environment; whereas wmd disarmament and non-proliferation efforts can contribute to sustainable development and to the protection of livelihoods and of the environment;


### v. whereas the covid-19 pandemic has shown the need to increase eu chemical , biological , radiological and nuclear defence (cbrn) preparedness; ### v. whereas the covid-19 pandemic has shown the need to increase eu chemical , biological , radiological and nuclear defence (cbrn) preparedness , to build a cbrn pool of expertise and to foster the link between health and security;


### 3. reaffirms its full support to the npt; expects nuclear-weapon states to take steps to demonstrate their genuine commitment to nuclear disarmament; exhorts states parties to do their utmost to contribute to a successful and ambitious outcome of the upcoming 10th review conference; ### 3. reaffirms its full support to the npt and its three mutually reinforcing pillars as one of the most universally accepted legally binding instruments and a cornerstone of nuclear non-proliferation regime; recalls that the treaty contributed to uphold a broad set of norms related to disarmament and peaceful use of nuclear energy , while enforcing the nuclear non-proliferation norm; expects nuclear-weapon states to take steps to demonstrate their genuine commitment to nuclear disarmament , including via setting realistic goals under the art. vi of the treaty , and well as by strengthening the non-proliferation norm and expanding the iaea’s safeguards capacity; warns that the future of the npt should not be taken for granted and exhorts states parties to do their utmost to contribute to a successful and ambitious outcome of the upcoming 10th review conference by agreeing on a substantive final declaration that would contribute to further strengthening the treaty and would be a key element in preserving strategic stability and containing a new arms race; calls on all states to sign , accede to and remain committed to the npt;


### 4. insists on the need to ensure that the eu plays a strong and constructive role in developing and reinforcing the global rules-based non-proliferation efforts and arms control and disarmament architecture; ### 4. insists on the need to ensure that the eu plays a strong and constructive role in developing and reinforcing the global rules-based non-proliferation efforts and arms control and disarmament architecture; welcomes the work of the special envoy for disarmament and non-proliferation in this respect; calls on the council to strive towards the eu speaking with one voice in international disarmament , non-proliferation and arms control forums; underlines the need to use the work undertaken in the framework of the strategic compass to fully take the questions of wmd proliferation into the joint understanding of threats and achieve a common strategic culture on this issue;


### 5. calls for the available expertise in non-proliferation and arms control in the eu to be strengthened and the training of eu and member state personnel to be improved; ### 5. underlines the crucial importance of training and awareness raising , therefore calls for the available expertise in non-proliferation and arms control in the eu to be strengthened and the training of eu and member state personnel to be improved; welcomes continued financial support to the european nuclear education network (enen) , the eu non-proliferation and disarmament consortium and the european nuclear security training centre (eusectra); underlines the potential for synergies in training and education projects with the european security and defence college; calls on further investing in disarmament education and on facilitating youth engagement;


### 6. calls for the eu to assist efforts to universalise existing treaties and instruments; asks the european external action service to also work on strengthening the training and capacity-building of our partners; ### 6. calls on eu delegations to put the question of disarmament , non-proliferation and arms control high on the agenda of political dialogue with third countries , in order for the eu to assist efforts to universalise existing treaties and instruments; asks the european external action service to also work on strengthening the training and capacity-building of our closest partners , notably the neighbourhood and enlargement countries , in the areas of disarmament , non proliferation and arms control; praises the eu cbrn risk mitigation centres of excellence initiative , funded under the ndici , in this respect;


### 7. underlines that nato allies remain committed to creating the conditions for the further reduction of the nuclear arsenal on the basis of reciprocity; ### 7. welcomes nato’s commitment to the goal of creating the conditions for a world without nuclear weapons , and its support and facilitation of dialogue among allies and partners to implement their non-proliferation obligations; underlines that nato allies remain committed to creating the conditions for the further reduction of the nuclear arsenal on the basis of reciprocity and calls for constructive and trustworthy dialogue in this respect in the relevant international and bilateral forums;


### 8. stresses its full support for the work of the un office for disarmament affairs , for the un secretary-general’s ambitious agenda for disarmament and for the multilateral deliberative processes and negotiations under the auspices of the un; underlines the need to ensure the involvement of all stakeholders , civil society and academia and the meaningful and diverse participation of citizens in disarmament and non-proliferation debates; supports the confidence-building measures set out by the organization for security and co-operation in europe; ### 8. stresses its full support for the work of the un office for disarmament affairs , for the un secretary-general’s ambitious agenda for disarmament and for the multilateral deliberative processes and negotiations under the auspices of the un; underlines the need to ensure the involvement of all stakeholders , civil society and academia and the meaningful and diverse participation of citizens in disarmament and non-proliferation debates; supports the confidence-building measures set out by the organization for security and co-operation in europe as important contributions to limiting misunderstanding or miscalculation and ensuring greater openness and transparency;


### 9. welcomes the eu’s commitment to establishing a wmd-free zone in the middle east; ### 9. welcomes the eu’s commitment to establishing a wmd-free zone in the middle east , and the promotion of confidence-building measures in support of this process;


### 11. recalls the central role played by the iaea; calls on the states that have not yet done so to ratify the iaea additional protocol without delay; ### 11. recalls the central role played by the iaea as a guarantor of the compliance by the participating states with the provisions of the npt treaty; highlights that the agency’s verification activities are instrumental in preventing the spread of nuclear weapons; calls on the states that have not yet done so to ratify the iaea additional protocol without delay;


### 12. reaffirms its full support for the jcpoa as a key element of the global nuclear non-proliferation architecture; calls on all parties to return to the negotiations with a view to returning to full and effective compliance with the agreement; ### 12. reaffirms its full support for the jcpoa as a key element of the global nuclear non-proliferation architecture , stressing that a full implementation of the agreement is crucial for european security , as well as for the stability and security in the middle east and worldwide; welcomes the eu’s continued engagement with iran on issues related to civil nuclear cooperation , and the measures taken to implement projects to improve nuclear safety under the annex iii of the jopoa; exhorts iran to immediately cease its nuclear activities violating the jcpoa , which should go hand-in-hand with the lifting of all nuclear-related sanctions; calls on all parties to return to the negotiations with a view to returning to full and effective compliance with the agreement;


### 13. confirms that the entry into force and ratification of the ctbt continues to be an important objective of the eu’s strategy against proliferation of wmd; ### 13. confirms that the entry into force and ratification of the ctbt as a strong trust and confidence-building instrument continues to be an important objective of the eu’s strategy against proliferation of wmd; welcomes eu’s diplomatic efforts to reach out to non-signatory countries in view of soliciting their commitment for the ratification of the treaty and universal adherence to it; welcomes the union’s support , including via financial contribution , for the activities of the preparatory commission for the ctbt organisation aimed at strengthening its verification and monitoring capabilities;


### 14. reiterates its longstanding support for the launch of negotiations on the fmct , and calls on all nuclear-weapon states that have not yet done so to adopt an immediate moratorium on the production of fissile material for nuclear weapons and other nuclear explosive devices; ### 14. reiterates its longstanding support for the launch of negotiations on the fmct , and calls on all nuclear-weapon states that have not yet done so to adopt an immediate moratorium on the production of fissile material for nuclear weapons and other nuclear explosive devices; welcomes the financial support provided by the eu to the un office for disarmament affairs (unoda) to facilitate the participation of african , asian and latin american and caribbean countries to the fmct related activities;


### 15. reiterates its deep regret at the withdrawal from the inf treaty by the us and the russian federation following russia’s persistent failure to comply with the treaty , which led to its termination; underlines its strong opposition to a new arms race and re-militarisation on european soil; welcomes the commitment made by the us and russia to continue working towards the achievement of their stated common goal of ensuring predictability in the strategic domain and reducing the risks of armed conflict and the threat of nuclear war; calls on all other countries , notably china , in possession or in the process of the development of missile systems to engage in efforts to multilateralise and universalise the successor treaty to the inf; ### 15. reiterates its deep regret at the withdrawal from the inf treaty by the us and the russian federation following russia’s persistent failure to comply with the treaty , which led to its termination; is particularly concerned about possible re-emergence of ground-based intermediate-range missiles in the european theatre of operations in the post-inf context; underlines its strong opposition to a new arms race and re-militarisation on european soil; welcomes the commitment made by the us and russia to continue working towards the achievement of their stated common goal of ensuring predictability in the strategic domain and reducing the risks of armed conflict and the threat of nuclear war; urges both sides to use this momentum to set realistic basis for re-launching negotiations about new arms control architecture and risk reduction measures that would take into account the changing geo-political context and emergence of new powers; calls on all other countries , notably china , in possession or in the process of the development of missile systems to engage in efforts to multilateralise and universalise the successor treaty to the inf;


### 16. warmly welcomes the decision taken by the us and the russian federation to extend the new start treaty; advocates the involvement of other nuclear-armed countries , notably china , in negotiations on any new arms control agreement; ### 16. warmly welcomes the decision taken by the us and the russian federation to extend the new start treaty as an important contribution to the upcoming 10th npt review conference , and to the implementation of the article vi of the treaty; highlights that the extension of the new start might provide a foundation for a negotiation of a new arms control agreement that would encompass both deployed and non-deployed , as well as strategic and non-strategic weapons; invites both signatories to thoroughly assess all options in relation with the scope , deployment and category of weapons to be covered , and advocates the involvement of other nuclear-armed countries , notably china , in negotiations on any new arms control agreement;


### 17. notes with concern the ongoing russian modernisation programmes which raise questions about russian compliance with the objectives of the presidential nuclear initiatives; calls on both the us and the russian federation to stick to their commitments in relation to non-strategic nuclear weapons and to ensure transparency on arsenals , deployments and the status of their respective weapons; ### 17. highlights the importance of the presidential nuclear initiatives (pnis) with the aim of reducing deployed short-range “tactical” nuclear weapons; notes with concern the ongoing russian modernisation programmes which raise questions about russian compliance with the objectives of the presidential nuclear initiatives; recalls that the pni’s , despite their non-binding nature , have played an instrumental role in arms control architecture and calls on both the us and the russian federation to stick to their commitments in relation to non-strategic nuclear weapons and to ensure transparency on arsenals , deployments and the status of their respective weapons;


### 18. highlights that the international community must work on active measures to counter the adverse strategic implications of cruise-missile proliferation; ### 18. highlights that the international community must work on active measures to counter the adverse strategic implications of cruise-missile proliferation; calls on states possessing significant numbers of cruise missiles to focus , as a first step , on confidence and transparency measures , including i.a. negotiation and adoption of codes of conduct for deployment and use of cruise missiles; calls on the vp/hr to engage in dialogue with exporting states in view of fully adhering to and coordinating efforts through the missile technology control regime (mtcr) , the only existing multilateral arrangement that covers the transfer of missiles and missile-related equipment;


### 19. welcomes the efforts made by the vice president of the european commission / high representative of the union for foreign affairs and security policy to promote the universalisation of the hcoc; ### 19. welcomes the efforts made by the vice president of the european commission / high representative of the union for foreign affairs and security policy to promote the universalisation of the hcoc , the only multilateral transparency and confidence-building instrument in the area of proliferation of ballistic missiles , in view of further contributing to efforts to contain the proliferation of ballistic missiles capable of delivering weapons of mass destruction; calls on vp/hr to lead efforts towards greater cooperation between the hcoc and other arms control instruments;


### 20. stresses the crucial role played by the open skies treaty; calls on the remaining signatories to continue implementing the treaty; urges the us and the russian federation to resume talks with a view to returning to the treaty and to its full , effective and verifiable implementation; ### 20. stresses the crucial role played by the open skies treaty in transatlantic relations and its valuable contribution to global arms control architecture , trust-building and transparency about military activities carried out by signatory states; highlights that the us withdrawal has hindered smaller european states’ capacity to monitor their neighbours and hold them accountable for their military activities; regrets the recent adoption , by the russian state duma , of a bill of withdrawal from the open skies treaty; calls on the remaining signatories to continue implementing the treaty; urges the us and the russian federation to resume talks with a view to returning to the treaty and to its full , effective and verifiable implementation;


### 21. insists on the need to uphold the global ethical norm against chemical weapons by preventing impunity for their use; welcomes the adoption by the council of a horizontal sanctions regime to address the growing use and proliferation of chemical weapons; reiterates its grave concern at the attempted assassination of alexei navalny; welcomes the sanctions imposed on russian officials in response to this blatant violation of international norms; ### 21. is alarmed at the threat posed by chemical warfare following the most significant and sustained use of chemical weapons in decades is particularly worried by the increased capability of some state and non-state actors to produce forbidden chemical agent more rapidly , and with limited indicators for detection; insists on the need to uphold the global ethical norm against chemical weapons by preventing impunity for their use; calls to make effective use of the newly adopted eu global human rights sanction regime in this respect; welcomes the adoption by the council of a horizontal sanctions regime to address the growing use and proliferation of chemical weapons; reiterates its grave concern at the attempted assassination of alexei navalny using a banned nerve agent , considered as use of a chemical weapons under the cwc; welcomes the sanctions imposed on russian officials on 14 october 2020 in response to this blatant violation of international norms;


### 22. praises the instrumental role the organisation for the prohibition of chemical weapons has been playing in the verified destruction of chemical agents; strongly condemns the use of chemical weapons by the syrian arab republic; ### 22. praises the instrumental role the organisation for the prohibition of chemical weapons has been playing in the verified destruction of chemical agents; strongly condemns the use of chemical weapons by the syrian arab republic; welcomes the decision taken at the twenty-fifth session of the conference of the states parties to the chemical weapons convention (cwc) to suspend certain rights and privileges of syria under the opcw;


### 23. reiterates its full support for the bwc; calls on the vp/hr to continue his efforts to promote the universalisation of the convention; points to the need to step up efforts to put in place a legally binding mechanism to verify compliance with the bwc; ### 23. reiterates its full support for the bwc; welcomes the financial contribution provided by the eu directly to the btwc and in support of strengthening bio-safety outside the eu; calls on the vp/hr to continue his efforts to promote the universalisation of the convention; points to the need to step up efforts to put in place a legally binding mechanism to verify compliance with the bwc;


### 24. reiterates its will to work towards achieving a complete , irreversible and verifiable denuclearisation of the korean peninsula; urges the dprk to swiftly sign and ratify the ctbt and return to compliance with the npt; ### 24. is concerned about dprk’s continued nuclear and ballistic activities in violation of numerous unsc resolutions , and dpkr’s development of new capabilities; reiterates its will to work towards achieving a complete , irreversible and verifiable denuclearisation of the korean peninsula; urges the dprk to immediately abandon its nuclear and missile activities , fully comply with all relevant unsc resolutions , swiftly sign and ratify the ctbt and return to compliance with the npt;


### 25. points to the rapid advances in the development of artificial intelligence-enabled systems in the military domain; insists on the launch of international negotiations on a legally binding instrument that would prohibit fully autonomous weapons; ### 25. points to the rapid advances in the development of artificial intelligence-enabled systems in the military domain; reiterates therefore its call on the eu to take the lead on international regulatory efforts to ensure that the development and application of ai for military uses stay within the strict limits set by international law , including international humanitarian law (ihl) and human rights law , and to pave the way to global negotiations with a view to updating all existing arms control , disarmament and non-proliferation instruments so as to take ai-enabled systems used in warfare into account; underlines that emerging technologies not covered by international law should be judged by the principle of humanity and the dictates of public conscience; calls on the vp/hr , the member states and the european council to adopt a joint position on autonomous weapons systems that ensures meaningful human control over the critical functions of weapons systems; insists on the launch of international negotiations on a legally binding instrument that would prohibit fully autonomous weapons;


### 26. calls for the equal , full and meaningful participation of women in npt forums to be ensured; ### 26. calls for the equal , full and meaningful participation of women in npt forums to be ensured , including disarmament diplomacy and in all decision-making processes related to disarmament;


### 27. points to the need to take additional measures to fight the financing of the proliferation of wmd; ### 27. points to the need to take additional measures to fight the financing of the proliferation of wmd to disrupt technological and knowledge transfer to non-state hostile actors , as well as to the threat that cbrn terrorism could represent for our collective security; points to the need for the eu to foster responsible science , in order to prevent misuse of scientific research and experiment ;underlines the need to combat cbrn material smuggling and illicit trafficking and to prevent diversion risks; invites the eeas and the commission to tackle this issue in the expected joint communication on a strategic approach to support the disarmament , demobilisation and reintegration of ex-combatants (ddr);


### - having regard to its resolution of 9 july 2015 on the srebrenica commemoration1 , ### - having regard to its resolution of 9 july 2015 on the srebrenica commemoration1 , of 15 january 2009 on srebrenica and of 7 july 2005 on the western balkans 10 years after srebrenica ,


### f. whereas the country continues to face numerous challenges related to the rule of law , governance , accountability , freedom of expression and media freedom , and a functioning market economy; ### f. whereas the country continues to face numerous challenges related to the rule of law , human rights , fundamental freedoms , governance , accountability , freedom of expression and media freedom , and a functioning market economy;


### g. whereas bih is a migrant transit route , and reception capacities remain insufficient for hosting migrants and asylum seekers present in the country; ### g. whereas bih is a migrant transit route , and reception capacities remain insufficient for hosting migrants and asylum seekers present in the country , despite the availability of eu funded and ready-made solutions;


### 1. recalls that the path towards the eu depends on sustainable peace and genuine reconciliation warranting the democratic and multicultural character of bih; urges the country to expedite effective prosecution of war crimes under the revised national war crimes processing strategy , and calls for impartial and effective investigations into these crimes; condemns any kind of historical revisionism , secessionist rhetoric and related acts , denial or glorification of war crimes committed during the 1990’s war; ### 1. recalls that the path towards the eu depends on sustainable peace , lasting stability , social cohesion and genuine reconciliation warranting the democratic and multicultural character of bih; urges the country to expedite effective prosecution of war crimes under the revised national war crimes processing strategy , and calls for impartial and effective investigations into these crimes; condemns any kind of historical revisionism , or opposition to icty judgements , secessionist rhetoric and related acts , denial or glorification of war crimes committed during the 1990’s war;


### 2. recalls that over 7 200 bih citizens are still missing , and urges the authorities to intensify cooperation and data sharing on issues related to missing persons , redress to civilian victims of war , and to ensure the safe return of refugees and internally displaced people; ### 2. recalls that over 7 200 bih citizens are still missing , and urges the authorities to intensify cooperation and data sharing between regional , national and international stakeholders alike , on issues related to missing persons , redress to civilian victims of war , including victims of sexual violence , and to ensure the safe and sustainable return of refugees and internally displaced people through reconstruction assistance , job creation measures , education rights and the proper implementation of property laws;


### 4. urges the authorities to ensure inclusive and non-discriminatory education for all children; ### 4. urges the authorities to ensure inclusive and non-discriminatory education for all children , regardless of their ethnic , cultural , or personal background , notably by abolishing the two-schools-under-one-roof practice ruled as discriminatory and as ethnic segregation by the supreme court of federation of bih , by enabling bosniak children in republika srpska to name their mother tongue as bosnian language and by increasing the enrolment and completion rate of roma pupils;


### 5. urges all bih political leaders and institutions to significantly accelerate work and co-operation to fully comply with the 14 key priorities; calls on the authorities to maintain the political will for enhanced co-operation demonstrated at the onset of the covid-19 crisis; ### 5. urges all bih political leaders and institutions to significantly accelerate work and co-operation to fully comply with the 14 key priorities , especially through developing and adopting a national programme for the adoption of the eu acquis; guaranteeing legal certainty by establishing a judicial body entrusted with ensuring the consistent interpretation of the law throughout bih; ensuring that veto rights in all administrative bodies entrusted with implementing the acquis are eliminated; strengthening the prevention and fight against corruption and organised crime; ensuring the implementation of the legislation on non-discrimination and on gender equality; enabling environment for civil society by upholding european standards on freedom of association and freedom of assembly;


### 6. underlines that the effective organisation and independent functioning of institutions is an essential feature of a viable democracy and a prerequisite for advancing the eu integration process , including obtaining candidate status; warns that ethno-nationalistic rhetoric and attempts to obstruct the functioning of institutions undermine country-wide co-ordination and decision-making on key policies and reforms; ### 6. underlines that the effective organisation and independent functioning of institutions is an essential feature of a viable democracy and a prerequisite for advancing the eu integration process , including obtaining candidate status; warns that ethno-nationalistic divisive rhetoric and attempts to obstruct the functioning of institutions undermine unity , lasting stability and country-wide co-ordination and decision-making on key policies and reforms;


### 7. commends the adoption of the amendments to the bih election law that allowed mostar citizens to vote in the 2020 local elections; welcomes the parliamentary assembly’s vote of 22 july 2020 on the rules of procedure governing the meetings of stabilisation and association parliamentary committee (sapc) , paving the way for their formal adoption by the 2nd eu-bih sapc as soon as possible; ### 7. commends the adoption of the amendments to the bih election law that allowed mostar citizens to vote in the 2020 local elections; welcomes the parliamentary assembly’s vote of 22 july 2020 on the rules of procedure governing the meetings of stabilisation and association parliamentary committee (sapc) , paving the way for their formal adoption by the 2nd eu-bih sapc as soon as possible and for a fruitful parliamentary cooperation;


### 8. underlines the urgent need to address shortcomings in the constitutional framework and to make progress on reforms that would transform bih into a fully functional and inclusive state; stresses that institutional reforms depend on the will and commitment of political leaders and institutions in the country; urges the international community to facilitate the conditions for constitutional dialogue under the leadership of the eu , in particular parliament , and in consultation with civil society; ### 8. underlines the urgent need to address shortcomings in and reform the constitutional framework and to make progress on electoral and political reforms that would transform bih into a fully functional and inclusive state where the equal rights and democratic representation of all its constitutive peoples and citizens would be guaranteed on the basis of the principles of federalism , subsidiarity and legitimate representation , in accordance with the principles expressed in previous resolutions; stresses that institutional reforms depend on the will and commitment of political leaders and institutions in the country; urges the international community to facilitate the conditions for constitutional dialogue under the leadership of the eu , in particular parliament , and in consultation with civil society;


### 8. underlines the urgent need to address shortcomings in the constitutional framework and to make progress on reforms that would transform bih into a fully functional and inclusive state; stresses that institutional reforms depend on the will and commitment of political leaders and institutions in the country; urges the international community to facilitate the conditions for constitutional dialogue under the leadership of the eu , in particular parliament , and in consultation with civil society; ### 8. underlines the urgent need to address shortcomings in the constitutional framework including through harmonisation of laws on cantonal and federal level and expanding the state’s jurisdiction , as well as to make progress on reforms that would transform bih into a fully functional and inclusive state by implementing the sejdic-finci case group; stresses that institutional reforms depend on the will and commitment of political leaders and institutions in the country; urges the international community to facilitate the conditions for constitutional dialogue within bih institutions and among elected representatives in bih under the leadership of the eu , in particular parliament , and in consultation with civil society;


### 10. regrets the lack of progress on reforms in the judiciary; reiterates the urgent need to strengthen the professionalism and accountability of the judiciary and to ensure its independence from undue influence; ### 10. regrets the lack of progress on reforms in the judiciary; reiterates the urgent need to resolve the mounting backlog of cases pending trial , to strengthen the professionalism and accountability of the judiciary , to ensure its independence from undue influence by adopting new legislation on the high judicial and prosecutorial council and on the courts of bih in line with eu standards;


### 11. calls for immediate steps to tackle corruption and impunity in the public sphere in order to rebuild citizens’ trust in the institutions; ### 11. calls for immediate steps to tackle corruption and impunity in the public sphere in order to rebuild citizens’ trust in the institutions by adopting and implementing legislation on conflict of interest and whistle-blowers’ protection; ensuring the effective functioning and coordination of anti-corruption bodies; align the legislation and strengthen capacities on public procurement; ensuring transparency of privatisation processes; in particular , calls for the authorities to duly investigate and resolve the lack of effective prosecutions for high-profile corruption cases; insists that the persistent lack of transparency shown by political actors and public institutions alike needs to be addressed;