### where the company resulting from the cross - border division is operating under an employee participation system , that company shall be obliged to take measures to ensure that employees ' participation rights are protected in the event of any subsequent cross - border or domestic merger , division or conversion for a period of three years after the cross - border division has taken effect , by applying , mutatis mutandis , the rules laid down in paragraphs 1 to 6 . ### where the company resulting from the cross - border division is operating under an employee participation system , that company shall be obliged to take measures to ensure that employees ' participation rights are protected in the event of any subsequent cross - border or domestic merger , division or conversion for a period of ten years after the cross - border division has taken effect , by applying , mutatis mutandis , the rules laid down in paragraphs 1 to 6 .


### in the cases referred to in paragraph 2 of this article , the participation of employees in the converted company and their involvement in the definition of such rights shall be regulated by the member states , mutatis mutandis and subject to paragraphs 4 to 7 of this article , in accordance with the principles and procedures laid down in article 12 , and of regulation no 2157 / 2001 and the following provisions of directive 2001 / 86 / ec : ### the information , consultation and participation of employees in the converted company and their involvement in the definition of such rights shall be the object of an agreement between the employees and the management and shall be regulated by the member states , mutatis mutandis and subject to paragraphs 4 to 7 of this article , in accordance with the principles and procedures laid down in article 12 and of regulation no 2157 / 2001and the following provisions of directive 2001 / 86 / ec :


### where the converted company is operating under an employee participation system , that company shall be obliged to take measures to ensure that employees ' participation rights are protected in the event of any subsequent cross - border or domestic merger , division or conversion for a period of three years after the cross - border conversion has taken effect , by applying mutatis mutandis the rules laid down in paragraphs 1 to 6 . ### where the converted company is operating under an employee participation system , that company shall be obliged to take measures to ensure that employees ' participation rights are protected in the event of any subsequent cross - border or domestic merger , division or conversion for a period of ten years after the cross - border conversion has taken effect , by applying mutatis mutandis the rules laid down in paragraphs 1 to 6 .


### in the cases referred to in paragraph 2 , the participation of employees in the companies resulting from the cross - border division and their involvement in the definition of such rights shall be regulated by the member states , mutatis mutandis and subject to paragraphs 4 to 7 of this article , in accordance with the principles and procedures laid down in article 12 , and of regulation no 2157 / 2001 and the following provisions of directive 2001 / 86 / ec : ### the information , consultation and participation of employees in the companies resulting from the cross - border division and their involvement in the definition of such rights shall be the object of an agreement between the employees and the management and shall be regulated by the member states , mutatis mutandis and subject to paragraphs 4 to 7 of this article , in accordance with the principles and procedures laid down in article 12 and of regulation no 2157 / 2001and the following provisions of directive 2001 / 86 / ec :


### point of part 3 of the annex . ### the annex , with the exclusion of points , and paragraph 2 of part 3 , instead of which the following will apply as a minimum : the employees of the company , its subsidiaries and establishments and / or the representative body shall have the right to elect and appoint a number of members of the administrative or supervisory body of the converted company equal to two representatives in companies up from 50 employees , one third in companies having from 250 employees to 1000 employees and parity in companies with more than 1000 employees .


### article 4 , article 4 , and , article 4 and article 4 ; ### article 4 , article 4 , , , , , and , article 4 and article 4 ;


### point of part 3 of the annex . ### part 1 , part 2 and point of part 3 of the annex .


### provide for at least the same level of employee participation as operated in the company prior to the conversion , measured by reference to the proportion of employee representatives amongst the members of the administrative or supervisory organ or their committees or of the management group which covers the profit units of the company , subject to employee representation ; or ### provide for at least the same level and elements of employee participation as operated in the company prior to the conversion , measured by reference to the proportion of employee representatives amongst the members of the administrative or supervisory organ or their committees or of the management group which covers the profit units of the company , subject to employee representation ; or


### whether the factors set out in points , and also relate to any subsidiaries of the merging companies . ### whether the factors set out in points , , and also relate to any branches or subsidiaries of the merging companies .


### the implications of the cross - border merger on the safeguarding of the employment relationships ; ### the implications of the cross - border merger on employment relationships and employee involvement , as well as measures to be taken in order to safeguard them ;


### article 4 , article 4 , and , article 4 and article 4 ; ### article 4 , article 4 , , , and , article 4 and article 4 ;


### whether the factors set out in points , and also relate to any subsidiaries of the company . ### whether the factors set out in points , and also relate to any subsidiaries , branches or controlled undertakings according to article 3 of directive 2009 / 38 / ec of the company .


### the management or administrative organ of the company which intends to carry out a cross - border conversion shall draw up the draft terms of a cross - border conversion . the draft terms of a cross - border conversion shall include at least the following : ### the management or administrative organ , including employee board level representatives , of the company which intends to carry out a cross - border conversion shall draw up the draft terms of a cross - border conversion . the draft terms of a cross - border conversion shall include at least the following :


### from 1 january 2017 , by way of derogation from articles 3d to 3f and until amendments subsequent to the review referred to in article 28b have entered into force , aircraft operators shall be issued , each year , the number of allowances that corresponds to the year 2016 . from 2021 onwards that number of allowances shall be subject to the application of the linear factor in article 9 . ### from 1 january 2017 , by way of derogation from articles 3d to 3e and until amendments subsequent to the review referred to in article 28b have entered into force , the total quantity of allowances to be allocated to aircraft operators in 2021 shall be 10% lower than the average allocation for the period from 1 january 2014 to 31 december 2016 , and then decrease annually at the same rate as that of the total cap for the eu ets referred to in the second subparagraph of article 10 so as to bring the cap for the aviation sector more in line with the other eu ets sectors by 2030 . by way of derogation from article 3f , allowances that are not allocated , as a result of the application of the first subparagraph of this paragraph , shall be cancelled . as regards activity in the period from 1 january 2017 to 31 december 2020 , member states shall publish the number of aviation allowances allocated to each aircraft operator by 1 september 2018 .


### the commission shall report to the european parliament and the council on the relevant icao standards or other legal instruments as well as on domestic measures taken by third countries to implement the global market - based measure to be applied to emissions from 2021 , and on other relevant international developments . ### the commission shall report to the european parliament and the council on the relevant icao standards and recommended practices , icao council approved recommendations relevant to the global market - based measure or other legal instruments as well as on domestic measures taken by third countries to implement the global market - based measure to be applied to emissions from 2021 , and on other relevant international developments .


### from 1 january 2017 , by way of derogation from articles 3d to 3f and until amendments subsequent to the review referred to in article 28b have entered into force , aircraft operators shall be issued , each year , the number of allowances that corresponds to the year 2016 . from 2021 onwards that number of allowances shall be subject to the application of the linear factor in article 9 . ### from 1 january 2017 , by way of derogation from articles 3d to 3f and until amendments subsequent to the review referred to in article 28b have entered into force , aircraft operators shall be issued , each year , the number of allowances that corresponds to the year 2016 .


### it shall be for member states to determine the use to be made of revenues generated from the auctioning of allowances . those revenues should be used to tackle climate change in the eu and third countries , inter alia , to reduce greenhouse gas emissions , to adapt to the impacts of climate change in the eu and third countries , especially developing countries , to fund research and development for mitigation and adaptation , including in particular in the fields of aeronautics and air transport , to reduce emissions through low - emission transport and to cover the cost of administering the community scheme . the proceeds of auctioning should also be used to fund contributions to the global energy efficiency and renewable energy fund , and measures to avoid deforestation . ### –1cin article 3d , the first subparagraph is replaced by the following : 4 . all revenues shall be used to tackle climate change in the union and third countries , inter alia , to reduce greenhouse gas emissions , to adapt to the impacts of climate change in the union and third countries , especially developing countries , to fund research and development for mitigation and adaptation , including in particular in the fields of aeronautics and air transport , to reduce emissions through low - emission transport and to cover the cost of administering the union scheme . the proceeds of auctioning may also be used to fund contributions to the global energy efficiency and renewable energy fund , and measures to avoid deforestation . transparency on the use of revenues generated from the auctioning of allowances under directive 2003 / 87 / ec is fundamental to underpinning union commitments .


### the commission shall report to the european parliament and the council on the relevant icao standards or other legal instruments as well as on domestic measures taken by third countries to implement the global market - based measure to be applied to emissions from 2021 , and on other relevant international developments . ### in 2019 , the commission shall report to the european parliament and the council on the relevant icao standards and recommended practices , icao council approved recommendations relevant to the global market - based measure task force as well as on domestic measures taken by third countries to implement the global market - based measure to be applied to emissions from 2021 , and on other relevant international developments . the commission shall also report on icao ' s efforts to establish a credible long - term goal for the sector .


### the commission shall report to the european parliament and the council on the relevant icao standards or other legal instruments as well as on domestic measures taken by third countries to implement the global market - based measure to be applied to emissions from 2021 , and on other relevant international developments . ### the commission shall report to the european parliament and the council on the relevant icao standards or other legal instruments as well as on domestic measures taken by third countries to implement the global market - based measure to be applied to emissions from 2021 , and on other relevant international developments as well as the possible application of the linear reduction factor to the number of allowances allocated to aircraft operators .


### member states may make participation in integration measures compulsory . ### member states may make participation in integration measures compulsory , provided that the integration measures in question are easily accessible , free of charge and take account of the specific needs of the beneficiary of international protection . participation in integration measures shall be without prejudice to the rights and obligations established by this regulation and shall not constitute grounds for review , revocation , ending , refusal or non - renewal of refugee status or subsidiary protection status and the rights and obligations therein .


### the resources of the asylum , migration and refugee fund should be used to provide adequate support to member states’ efforts in implementing the standards set by the regulation , in particular to those member states which are faced with specific and disproportionate pressure on their asylum systems , due in particular to their geographical or demographic situation . ### the resources of the asylum , migration and integration fund should be used to provide adequate support to member states’ efforts in implementing the standards set by the regulation , in particular to those member states which are faced with specific and disproportionate pressure on their asylum systems , due in particular to their geographical , or demographic situation .


### access to certain social assistance specified in national law may be made conditional on the effective participation of the beneficiary of international protection in integration measures . ### access to certain social assistance specified in national law may be made conditional on the effective participation of the beneficiary of international protection in integration measures , which shall be free of charge , available and easily accessible .


### for beneficiaries of refugee status , the residence permit shall have a period of validity of three years and be renewable thereafter for periods of three years . ### for beneficiaries of refugee status , the residence permit shall have a period of validity of five years and be renewable thereafter for periods of five years .


### in order to facilitate the integration of beneficiaries of international protection into society , beneficiaries of international protection shall have access to integration measures , modalities to be set by the member states . member states may make the participation in such integration measures , such as language courses , civic integration courses , vocational training and other employment - related courses compulsory . ### in order to facilitate the integration of beneficiaries of international protection into society , beneficiaries of international protection shall have access to integration measures , modalities to be set by the member states . member states may make the participation in such integration measures , such as language courses , civic integration courses , vocational training and other employment - related courses compulsory , provided that those integration measures are easily accessible , available and free of charge . participation in the measures in question should always be without prejudice to the rights and obligations established by this regulation and should never constitute grounds for review , revocation , ending , refusal or non - renewal of refugee status or subsidiary protection status .


### a number of substantive changes are to be made to council directive 2011 / 95 / eu of 13 december 2011 on standards for the qualification of third - country nationals or stateless persons as beneficiaries of international protection , for a uniform status for refugees or for persons eligible for subsidiary protection , and for the content of the protection granted31 . to ensure harmonisation and more convergence in asylum decisions and as regards the content of international protection in order to reduce incentives to move within the european union and ensure an equality of treatment of beneficiaries of international protection that directive should be repealed and replaced by a regulation . __________________ 31 oj l 337 , 20 . 12 . 2011 , p . 9 . ### a number of substantive changes are to be made to council directive 2011 / 95 / eu of 13 december 2011 on standards for the qualification of third - country nationals or stateless persons as beneficiaries of international protection , for a uniform status for refugees or for persons eligible for subsidiary protection , and for the content of the protection granted31 . to ensure harmonisation and more convergence in asylum decisions and as regards the content of international protection in order to encourage beneficiaries of international protection to remain in the member state that granted them protection and ensure an equality of treatment of beneficiaries of international protection that directive should be repealed and replaced by a regulation . __________________ 31 oj l 337 , 20 . 12 . 2011 , p . 9 .


### within the limits set out by international obligations , the granting of benefits with regard to access to employment and social security requires the prior issuing of a residence permit . ### within the limits set out by international obligations , the granting of benefits with regard to access to employment and social security may require the prior issuing of a residence permit .


### freedom of association and affiliation , and membership of an organisation representing workers or employers or of any organisation whose members are engaged in a specific occupation , including the benefits conferred by such organisations ; ### freedom of association and affiliation , and membership of an organisation representing workers or employers or of any organisation whose members are engaged in a specific occupation , including the rights and benefits conferred by such organisations ;


### in order to enhance the effective exercise of the rights and benefits laid down in this regulation by beneficiaries of international protection , it is necessary to take into account their specific needs and the particular integration challenges with which they are confronted , and facilitate their access to integration related rights in particular as regards employment - related educational opportunities and vocational training and access to recognition procedures for foreign diplomas , certificates and other evidence of formal qualifications in particular due to the lack of documentary evidence and their inability to meet the costs related to the recognition procedures . ### in order to enhance the effective exercise of the rights and benefits laid down in this regulation by beneficiaries of international protection , it is necessary to take into account their specific needs and the particular integration challenges with which they are confronted , and facilitate their access to integration related rights and measures in particular as regards education and employment - related educational opportunities , vocational training and access to recognition procedures for foreign diplomas , certificates and other evidence of formal qualifications in particular due to the lack of documentary evidence and their inability to meet the costs related to the recognition procedures .


### within the limits set by international obligations , granting of benefits with regard to access to employment , social security shall require the prior issuing of a residence permit . ### within the limits set by international obligations , granting of benefits with regard to access to employment , social security may require the prior issuing of a residence permit .


### in accordance with relevant case law of the court of justice of the european union , when assessing applications for international protection , the competent authorities of the member states should use methods for the assessment of the applicant ' s credibility in a manner that respects the individual ' s rights as guaranteed by the charter , in particular the right to human dignity and the respect for private and family life . specifically as regards homosexuality , the individual assessment of the applicant ' s credibility should not be based on stereotyped notions concerning homosexuals and the applicant should not be submitted to detailed questioning or tests as to his or her sexual practices . ### in accordance with relevant case law of the court of justice of the european union , when assessing applications for international protection , the competent authorities of the member states should use methods for the assessment of the applicant ' s credibility in a manner that respects the individual ' s rights as guaranteed by the charter , in particular the right to human dignity and the respect for private and family life . specifically as regards sexual orientation and gender identity , the individual assessment of the applicant ' s credibility should not be based on stereotyped notions concerning sexual orientation and gender identity and the applicant should not be submitted to detailed questioning or tests as to his or her sexual practices . moreover , the competent national authorities should not find that the statements of the applicant lack credibility on the sole ground that the applicant did not rely on his or her sexual orientation , gender identity , gender expression or sex characteristics when he or she first set out the details of his or her persecution .


### with a view to ascertaining whether beneficiaries of international protection are still in need of that protection , determining authorities should review the granted status when the residence permit has to be renewed , for the first time in the case of refugees , and for the first and second time in the case of beneficiaries of subsidiary protection , as well as when a significant relevant change in the beneficiaries ' country of origin occurs as indicated by common analysis and guidance on the situation in the country of origin provided at union level by the agency and the european networks on country of origin information in accordance with articles 8 and 10 of regulation37 . __________________ 37 com271 final . ### with a view to ascertaining whether beneficiaries of international protection are still in need of that protection , determining authorities should review the granted status when a significant relevant change in the beneficiaries ' country of origin occurs as indicated by common analysis and guidance on the situation in the country of origin provided at union level by the agency and the european networks on country of origin information in accordance with articles 8 and 10 of regulation37 . __________________ 37 com271 final .


### national dispersal practices of beneficiaries of international protection shall be carried out to the extent possible without discrimination of beneficiaries of international protection and shall ensure equal opportunities regarding access to accommodation . ### national distribution practices of beneficiaries of international protection shall be carried out to the extent possible without discrimination of beneficiaries of international protection and shall ensure equal opportunities regarding access to accommodation .


### for beneficiaries of subsidiary protection status , the residence permit shall have a period of validity of one year and be renewable thereafter for periods of two years . ### for beneficiaries of subsidiary protection status , the residence permit shall have a period of validity of five year and be renewable thereafter for periods of five years .


### the residence permit and the travel documents issued to beneficiaries of international protection for the first time or renewed following the entry into force of this regulation should comply with the rules laid down by regulation no 1030 / 2002 and council regulation no 2252 / 2004 respectively . ### the residence permit and the travel documents issued to beneficiaries of international protection following the entry into force of this regulation should comply with the rules laid down by regulation no 1030 / 2002 and council regulation no 2252 / 2004 respectively .


### with effect from 1 january 2021 , member states shall require fuel suppliers to include a minimum share of energy from advanced biofuels and other biofuels and biogas produced from feedstock listed in annex ix , from renewable liquid and gaseous transport fuels of non - biological origin , from waste - based fossil fuels and from renewable electricity in the total amount of transport fuels they supply for consumption or use on the market in the course of a calendar year . ### in order to achieve the target of at least 12% of the final energy consumption from renewable sources in transport by 2030 as referred to in article 3 , with effect from 1 january 2021 , all member states shall require fuel suppliers to include a minimum share of energy from advanced biofuels and other biofuels and biogas produced from feedstock listed in annex ix , from ‘ highly sustainable crop based biofuels’ , from renewable liquid and gaseous transport fuels of non - biological origin , and from renewable electricity in the total amount of transport fuels they supply for consumption or use on the market in the course of a calendar year . member states shall gradually increase the share of renewable energy , nevertheless they remain free to choose between different energy sources for the implementation of their energy policy .


### the production of agricultural raw material for biofuels , bioliquids and biomass fuels , and the incentives for their use provided for in this directive , should not have the effect of encouraging the destruction of biodiverse lands such finite resources , recognised in various international instruments to be of value to all mankind , should be preserved . it is therefore necessary to provide sustainability and greenhouse gas emissions savings criteria ensuring that biofuels , bioliquids and biomass fuels qualify for the incentives only when it is guaranteed that the agricultural raw material does not originate in biodiverse areas or , in the case of areas designated for nature protection purposes or for the protection of rare , threatened or endangered ecosystems or species , the relevant competent authority demonstrates that the production of the agricultural raw material does not interfere with such purposes . forests should be considered as biodiverse according to the sustainibility criteria , where they are primary forests in accordance with the definition used by the food and agriculture organisation of the united nations in its global forest resource assessment , or where they are protected by national nature protection law . areas where the collection of non - wood forest products occurs should be considered to be biodiverse forests , provided the human impact is small . other types of forests as defined by the fao , such as modified natural forests , semi - natural forests and plantations , should not be considered as primary forests . having regard , furthermore , to the highly biodiverse nature of certain grasslands , both temperate and tropical , including highly biodiverse savannahs , steppes , scrublands and prairies , biofuels , bioliquids and biomass fuels made from agricultural raw materials originating in such lands should not qualify for the incentives provided for by this directive . the commission should establish appropriate criteria to define such highly biodiverse grasslands in accordance with the best available scientific evidence and relevant international standards . ### the production of agricultural and forest based raw materials for biofuels , bioliquids and biomass fuels , and the incentives for their use provided for in this directive , should not have the effect of encouraging the destruction of biodiverse lands such finite resources , recognised in various international instruments to be of value to all mankind , should be preserved . it is therefore necessary to provide sustainability and greenhouse gas emissions savings criteria ensuring that biofuels , bioliquids and biomass fuels qualify for the incentives only when it is guaranteed that the agricultural raw material does not originate in biodiverse areas or , in the case of areas designated for nature protection purposes or for the protection of rare , threatened or endangered ecosystems or species , the relevant competent authority demonstrates that the production of the agricultural raw material does not interfere with such purposes . forests should be considered as biodiverse according to the sustainability criteria , where they are primary forests in accordance with the definition used by the food and agriculture organisation of the united nations in its global forest resource assessment , or where they are protected by national nature protection law . areas where the collection of non - wood forest products occurs should be considered to be biodiverse forests , provided the human impact is small . other types of forests as defined by the fao , such as modified natural forests , semi - natural forests and plantations , should not be considered as primary forests . having regard , furthermore , to the highly biodiverse nature of certain grasslands , both temperate and tropical , including highly biodiverse savannahs , steppes , scrublands and prairies , biofuels , bioliquids and biomass fuels made from agricultural raw materials originating in such lands should not qualify for the incentives provided for by this directive . the commission should establish appropriate criteria to define such highly biodiverse grasslands in accordance with the best available scientific evidence and relevant international standards .


### the commission is empowered to adopt delegated acts in accordance with article 32 to amend the list of feedstocks in parts a and b of annex ix in order to add feedstocks , but not to remove them . each delegated act shall be based on an analysis of the latest scientific and technical progress , taking due account of the principles of the waste hierarchy established in directive 2008 / 98 / ec , in compliance with the union sustainability criteria , supporting the conclusion that the feedstock in question does not create an additional demand for land and promoting the use of wastes and residues , while avoiding significant distortive effects on markets for products , wastes or residues , delivering substantial greenhouse gas emission savings compared to fossil fuels , and not creating risk of negative impacts on the environment and biodiversity . ### the commission is empowered to adopt delegated acts in accordance with article 32 to amend the list of feedstocks in parts a and b of annex ix in order to add or remove feedstocks . each delegated act shall be based on an analysis of the latest scientific and technical progress , taking due account of the principles of the waste hierarchy established in directive 2008 / 98 / ec and the principle of cascading use , in compliance with the union sustainability criteria , supporting or contradicting the conclusion that the feedstock in question does not create an additional demand for land and promoting the use of wastes and residues , while avoiding distortive effects on markets for products , wastes or residues , delivering substantial greenhouse gas emission savings compared to fossil fuels based on a life cycle assessment of emissions including emissions from the land sector and possible displacement effects , and not creating risk of negative impacts on the environment and biodiversity .


### highly biodiverse grassland spanning more than one hectare that is : ### highly biodiverse grassland , including wooded meadows and pastures , spanning more than one hectare that is :


### biomass fuels should be converted into electricity and heat in an efficient way in order to maximise energy security and greenhouse gas savings , as well as to limit emissions of air pollutants and minimise the pressure on limited biomass resources . for this reason , public support to installations with a fuel capacity equal to or exceeding 20 mw , if needed , should only be given to highly efficient combined power and heat installations as defined article 2 of directive 2012 / 27 / eu . existing support schemes for biomass - based electricity should however be allowed until their due end date for all biomass installations . in addition electricity produced from biomass in new installations with a fuel capacity equal to or exceeding 20 mw should only count towards renewable energy targets and obligations in the case of highly efficient combined power and heat installations . in accordance with state aid rules , member states should however be allowed to grant public support for the production of renewables to installations , and count the electricity they produce towards renewable energy targets and obligations , in order to avoid an increased reliance on fossil fuels with higher climate and environmental impacts where , after exhausting all technical and economic possibilities to install highly efficient combined heat and power biomass installations , member states would face a substantiated risk to security of supply of electricity . ### biomass fuels should be converted into electricity and heat in an efficient way in order to maximise energy security and greenhouse gas savings , as well as to limit emissions of air pollutants and minimise the pressure on limited biomass resources . for this reason , public support to installations with a fuel capacity equal to or exceeding 5 mw , if needed , should only be given to highly efficient combined power and heat installations as defined article 2 of directive 2012 / 27 / eu . existing support schemes for biomass - based electricity should however be allowed until their due end date for all biomass installations . in addition electricity produced from biomass in new installations with a fuel capacity equal to or exceeding 5 mw should only count towards renewable energy targets and obligations in the case of highly efficient combined power and heat installations . in accordance with state aid rules , member states should however be allowed to grant public support for the production of renewables to installations , and count the electricity they produce towards renewable energy targets and obligations , in order to avoid an increased reliance on fossil fuels with higher climate and environmental impacts where , after exhausting all technical and economic possibilities to install highly efficient combined heat and power biomass installations , member states would face a substantiated risk to security of supply of electricity .


### the production of agricultural raw material for biofuels , bioliquids and biomass fuels , and the incentives for their use provided for in this directive , should not have the effect of encouraging the destruction of biodiverse lands such finite resources , recognised in various international instruments to be of value to all mankind , should be preserved . it is therefore necessary to provide sustainability and greenhouse gas emissions savings criteria ensuring that biofuels , bioliquids and biomass fuels qualify for the incentives only when it is guaranteed that the agricultural raw material does not originate in biodiverse areas or , in the case of areas designated for nature protection purposes or for the protection of rare , threatened or endangered ecosystems or species , the relevant competent authority demonstrates that the production of the agricultural raw material does not interfere with such purposes . forests should be considered as biodiverse according to the sustainibility criteria , where they are primary forests in accordance with the definition used by the food and agriculture organisation of the united nations in its global forest resource assessment , or where they are protected by national nature protection law . areas where the collection of non - wood forest products occurs should be considered to be biodiverse forests , provided the human impact is small . other types of forests as defined by the fao , such as modified natural forests , semi - natural forests and plantations , should not be considered as primary forests . having regard , furthermore , to the highly biodiverse nature of certain grasslands , both temperate and tropical , including highly biodiverse savannahs , steppes , scrublands and prairies , biofuels , bioliquids and biomass fuels made from agricultural raw materials originating in such lands should not qualify for the incentives provided for by this directive . the commission should establish appropriate criteria to define such highly biodiverse grasslands in accordance with the best available scientific evidence and relevant international standards . ### the production of agricultural raw material for biofuels , bioliquids and biomass fuels , and the incentives for their use provided for in this directive , should not have the effect of encouraging the destruction of biodiverse lands such finite resources , recognised in various international instruments to be of value to all mankind , should be preserved . it is therefore necessary to provide sustainability and greenhouse gas emissions savings criteria ensuring that biofuels , bioliquids and biomass fuels qualify for the incentives only when it is guaranteed that the agricultural or forest raw material does not originate in biodiverse areas or , in the case of areas designated for nature protection purposes or for the protection of rare , threatened or endangered ecosystems or species , the relevant competent authority demonstrates that the production of the agricultural or forest raw material does not interfere with such purposes . forests should be considered as biodiverse according to the sustainability criteria , where they are primary forests in accordance with the definition used by the food and agriculture organisation of the united nations in its global forest resource assessment , or where they are protected by national nature protection law . areas where the collection of non - wood forest products occurs should be considered to be biodiverse forests , provided the human impact is small . other types of forests as defined by the fao , such as modified natural forests , semi - natural forests and plantations , should not be considered as primary forests . having regard , furthermore , to the highly biodiverse nature of certain grasslands , both temperate and tropical , including highly biodiverse savannahs , steppes , scrublands and prairies , biofuels , bioliquids and biomass fuels made from agricultural raw materials originating in such lands should not qualify for the incentives provided for by this directive . the commission should establish appropriate criteria to define such highly biodiverse grasslands in accordance with the best available scientific evidence and relevant international standards .


### for the calculation of the numerator , the energy content of advanced biofuels and other biofuels and biogas produced from feedstock listed in annex ix , renewable liquid and gaseous transport fuels of non - biological origin , waste based fossil fuels supplied to all transport sectors , and renewable electricity supplied to road vehicles , shall be taken into account . ### for the calculation of the numerator , the energy content of advanced biofuels and other biofuels and biogas produced from feedstock listed in annex ix , renewable liquid and gaseous transport fuels of non - biological origin supplied to all transport sectors , and renewable electricity supplied to road vehicles , shall be taken into account .


### support for electricity from renewable sources shall be designed so as to integrate electricity from renewable sources in the electricity market and ensure that renewable energy producers are responding to market price signals and maximise their market revenues . ### support for electricity from renewable sources should be designed to help renewable self - consumers , renewable energy communities , to address energy poverty among low - income households and to integrate electricity from renewable sources in the electricity market . that approach ensures that renewable energy producers are responding to market price signals and maximises their market revenues .


### areas of high conservation value , including wetlands and peatlands , are protected ; ### areas of high conservation value , including virgin forests , wetlands and peatlands , are protected ;


### emission saving from carbon capture and replacement , eccr , shall be related directly to the production of biofuel or bioliquid they are attributed to , and shall be limited to emissions avoided through the capture of co2 of which the carbon originates from biomass and which is used in the energy or transport sector . ### emission saving from carbon capture and replacement , or use , eccru , of co2 generated by the production of biofuel or bioliquid shall be limited to emissions avoided through the capture of co2 which is used for commercial purposes .


### subject to state aid rules , in order to reach the union target set in article 3 , member states may apply support schemes . support schemes for electricity from renewable sources shall be designed so as to avoid unnecessary distortions of electricity markets and ensure that producers take into account the supply and demand of electricity as well as possible grid constraints . ### subject to state aid rules , in order to reach the union target set in article 3 , member states may apply support schemes . support schemes for electricity from renewable sources shall be designed to help renewable self - consumers and renewable energy communities , to address energy poverty among low - income households and to avoid unnecessary distortions of electricity markets and ensure that producers take into account the supply and demand of electricity as well as possible grid constraints .


### biomass fuels shall have to fulfil the sustainability and greenhouse gas emissions saving criteria set out in paragraphs 2 to 7 only if used in installations producing electricity , heating and cooling or fuels with a fuel capacity equal to or exceeding 20 mw in case of solid biomass fuels and with an electrical capacity equal to or exceeding 0 . 5 mw in case of gaseous biomass fuels . member states may apply the sustainability and greenhouse gas emission saving criteria to installations with lower fuel capacity . ### biomass fuels shall have to fulfil the sustainability and greenhouse gas emissions saving criteria set out in paragraphs 2 to 7 only if used in installations producing electricity , heating and cooling or fuels with a fuel capacity equal to or exceeding 5 mw in case of solid biomass fuels and with an electrical capacity equal to or exceeding 0 . 5 mw in case of gaseous biomass fuels . member states may apply the sustainability and greenhouse gas emission saving criteria to installations with lower fuel capacity .


### subject to state aid rules , in order to reach the union target set in article 3 , member states may apply support schemes . support schemes for electricity from renewable sources shall be designed so as to avoid unnecessary distortions of electricity markets and ensure that producers take into account the supply and demand of electricity as well as possible grid constraints . ### subject to state aid rules , in order&#160 ; to reach the union target set in article 3 , member states may apply&#160 ; support schemes . support schemes for electricity from renewable sources shall&#160 ; be designed so as to avoid unnecessary distortions of electricity markets and&#160 ; ensure that producers take into account the supply and demand of electricity&#160 ; as well as possible grid constraints . &#160 ; in addition to the condition laid down in the first&#160 ; sub - paragraph , support schemes from biomass sources shall be designed as to&#160 ; avoid unnecessary distortion of material markets . assessment of the support&#160 ; scheme shall for this purpose include impact on local and regional material&#160 ; producers , in particular producers of sawn wood as a result of competition&#160 ; for feedstock . &#160 ;


### with effect from 1 january 2021 , member states shall require fuel suppliers to include a minimum share of energy from advanced biofuels and other biofuels and biogas produced from feedstock listed in annex ix , from renewable liquid and gaseous transport fuels of non - biological origin , from waste - based fossil fuels and from renewable electricity in the total amount of transport fuels they supply for consumption or use on the market in the course of a calendar year . ### with effect from 1 january 2021 , member states shall require fuel suppliers to include a minimum share of energy from advanced biofuels , from renewable liquid and gaseous transport fuels of non - biological origin , from waste - based fossil fuels and from renewable electricity in the total amount of transport fuels they supply for consumption or use on the market in the course of a calendar year .


### the production of agricultural raw material for biofuels , bioliquids and biomass fuels , and the incentives for their use provided for in this directive , should not have the effect of encouraging the destruction of biodiverse lands . such finite resources , recognised in various international instruments to be of value to all mankind , should be preserved . it is therefore necessary to provide sustainability and greenhouse gas emissions savings criteria ensuring that biofuels , bioliquids and biomass fuels qualify for the incentives only when it is guaranteed that the agricultural raw material does not originate in biodiverse areas or , in the case of areas designated for nature protection purposes or for the protection of rare , threatened or endangered ecosystems or species , the relevant competent authority demonstrates that the production of the agricultural raw material does not interfere with such purposes . forests should be considered as biodiverse according to the sustainibility criteria , where they are primary forests in accordance with the definition used by the food and agriculture organisation of the united nations in its global forest resource assessment , or where they are protected by national nature protection law . areas where the collection of non - wood forest products occurs should be considered to be biodiverse forests , provided the human impact is small . other types of forests as defined by the fao , such as modified natural forests , semi - natural forests and plantations , should not be considered as primary forests . having regard , furthermore , to the highly biodiverse nature of certain grasslands , both temperate and tropical , including highly biodiverse savannahs , steppes , scrublands and prairies , biofuels , bioliquids and biomass fuels made from agricultural raw materials originating in such lands should not qualify for the incentives provided for by this directive . the commission should establish appropriate criteria to define such highly biodiverse grasslands in accordance with the best available scientific evidence and relevant international standards . ### the production of agricultural raw material for biofuels , bioliquids and biomass fuels , and the incentives for their use provided for in this directive , should not have the effect of encouraging the destruction of biodiverse lands . such exhaustible resources , recognised in various international instruments to be of value to all mankind , should be preserved . it is therefore necessary to provide sustainability and greenhouse gas emissions savings criteria ensuring that biofuels , bioliquids and biomass fuels qualify for the incentives only when it is guaranteed that the agricultural raw material does not originate in biodiverse areas or , in the case of areas designated for nature protection purposes or for the protection of rare , threatened or endangered ecosystems or species , the relevant competent authority demonstrates that the production of the agricultural raw material does not interfere with such purposes . the sustainable production of agricultural raw material for biofuels , bioliquids and biomass fuels should be based on the local and regional processing of resources . local and regional value chains should therefore be boosted at the same time . forests should be considered as biodiverse according to the sustainability criteria , where they are primary forests in accordance with the definition used by the food and agriculture organisation of the united nations in its global forest resource assessment , or where they are protected by national nature protection law . areas where the collection of non - wood forest products occurs should be considered to be biodiverse forests , provided the human impact is small . other types of forests as defined by the fao , such as modified natural forests , semi - natural forests and plantations , should not be considered as primary forests . having regard , furthermore , to the highly biodiverse nature of certain grasslands , both temperate and tropical , including highly biodiverse savannahs , steppes , scrublands and prairies , biofuels , bioliquids and biomass fuels made from agricultural raw materials originating in such lands should not qualify for the incentives provided for by this directive . the commission should establish appropriate criteria to define such highly biodiverse grasslands in accordance with the best available scientific evidence and relevant international standards .


### member states shall collectively ensure that the share of energy from renewable sources in the union ' s gross final consumption of energy in 2030 is at least 27% . ### member states shall collectively ensure that the share of energy from renewable sources in the union ' s gross final consumption of energy in 2030 is at least 35% , and that this share is at least 12% of the union ' s gross final consumption of energy in transport in 2030 .


### ' biowaste ' means biodegradable garden and park waste , food and kitchen waste from households , restaurants , caterers and retail premises , and comparable waste from the food processing industry ; ### ' biowaste ' means waste as defined in article 3 of directive 2008 / 98 / ec ;


### to ensure that , despite the growing demand for forest biomass , harvesting is carried out in a sustainable manner in forests where regeneration is ensured , that special attention is given to areas explicitly designated for the protection of biodiversity , landscapes and specific natural elements , that biodiversity resources are preserved and that carbon stocks are tracked , woody raw material should come only from forests that are harvested in accordance with the principles of sustainable forest management developed under international forest processes such as forest europe and are implemented through national laws or the best management practices at the forest holding level . operators should take the appropriate steps in order to minimise the risk of using unsustainable forest biomass for the production of bioenergy . to that end , operators should put in place a risk - based approach . in this context , it is appropriate for the commission to develop operational guidance on the verification of compliance with the risk based approach , following the consultation of the energy union governance committee , and the standing forestry committee established by council decision 89 / 367 / eec24 . _________________ 24council decision 89 / 367 / eec of 29 may 1989 setting up a standing forestry committee ### to ensure that , despite the growing demand for forest biomass , harvesting is carried out in a sustainable manner in forests where regeneration is ensured , that special attention is given to areas explicitly designated for the protection of biodiversity , landscapes and specific natural elements , that biodiversity resources are preserved and that carbon stocks are tracked , woody raw material should come only from forests that are harvested in accordance with the principles of sustainable forest management developed under international forest processes such as forest europe and are implemented through national laws or the best management practices at the forest holding level . operators should use only sustainably produced biomass . to that end , operators should put in place a risk - based approach for which the commission develops operational guidance , following the consultation of the energy union governance committee , and the standing forestry committee established by council decision 89 / 367 / eec24 . _________________ 24council decision 89 / 367 / eec of 29 may 1989 setting up a standing forestry committee


### biofuels , bioliquids and biomass fuels produced from agricultural biomass taken into account for the purposes referred to in points , and of paragraph 1 shall not be made from raw material obtained from land that was peatland in january 2008 . ### biofuels , and bioliquids and biomass fuels produced from agricultural and forest biomass taken into account for the purposes referred to in points , and of paragraph 1 shall not be made from raw material obtained from land that was wetland , including peatland in january 2008 .


### the production of agricultural raw material for biofuels , bioliquids and biomass fuels , and the incentives for their use provided for in this directive , should not have the effect of encouraging the destruction of biodiverse lands such finite resources , recognised in various international instruments to be of value to all mankind , should be preserved . it is therefore necessary to provide sustainability and greenhouse gas emissions savings criteria ensuring that biofuels , bioliquids and biomass fuels qualify for the incentives only when it is guaranteed that the agricultural raw material does not originate in biodiverse areas or , in the case of areas designated for nature protection purposes or for the protection of rare , threatened or endangered ecosystems or species , the relevant competent authority demonstrates that the production of the agricultural raw material does not interfere with such purposes . forests should be considered as biodiverse according to the sustainibility criteria , where they are primary forests in accordance with the definition used by the food and agriculture organisation of the united nations in its global forest resource assessment , or where they are protected by national nature protection law . areas where the collection of non - wood forest products occurs should be considered to be biodiverse forests , provided the human impact is small . other types of forests as defined by the fao , such as modified natural forests , semi - natural forests and plantations , should not be considered as primary forests . having regard , furthermore , to the highly biodiverse nature of certain grasslands , both temperate and tropical , including highly biodiverse savannahs , steppes , scrublands and prairies , biofuels , bioliquids and biomass fuels made from agricultural raw materials originating in such lands should not qualify for the incentives provided for by this directive . the commission should establish appropriate criteria to define such highly biodiverse grasslands in accordance with the best available scientific evidence and relevant international standards . ### the production of agricultural and forest raw material for biofuels , bioliquids and biomass fuels , and the incentives for their use provided for in this directive , should not have the effect of encouraging the destruction of biodiverse lands such finite resources , recognised in various international instruments to be of value to all mankind , should be preserved . it is therefore necessary to provide sustainability and greenhouse gas emissions savings criteria ensuring that biofuels , bioliquids and biomass fuels qualify for the incentives only when it is guaranteed that the agricultural and forest raw material does not originate in biodiverse areas or , in the case of areas designated for nature protection purposes or for the protection of rare , threatened or endangered ecosystems or species , the relevant competent authority demonstrates that the production of the agricultural raw material does not interfere with such purposes . forests should be considered as biodiverse according to the sustainability criteria , where they are primary forests in accordance with the definition used by the food and agriculture organisation of the united nations in its global forest resource assessment , or where they are protected by national nature protection law or hold international or national certification of high conservation value , including sites of outstanding universal value to humanity . areas where the collection of non - wood forest products occurs should be considered to be biodiverse forests , provided the human impact is small . other types of forests as defined by the fao , such as modified natural forests , semi - natural forests and plantations , should not be considered as primary forests . having regard , furthermore , to the highly biodiverse nature of certain grasslands , both temperate and tropical , including highly biodiverse savannahs , steppes , scrublands and prairies , biofuels , bioliquids and biomass fuels made from agricultural and forest raw materials originating in such lands should not qualify for the incentives provided for by this directive . the commission should establish appropriate criteria to define such highly biodiverse grasslands in accordance with the best available scientific evidence and relevant international standards .


### the commission is empowered to adopt delegated acts in accordance with article 32 to amend the list of feedstocks in parts a and b of annex ix in order to add feedstocks , but not to remove them . each delegated act shall be based on an analysis of the latest scientific and technical progress , taking due account of the principles of the waste hierarchy established in directive 2008 / 98 / ec , in compliance with the union sustainability criteria , supporting the conclusion that the feedstock in question does not create an additional demand for land and promoting the use of wastes and residues , while avoiding significant distortive effects on markets for products , wastes or residues , delivering substantial greenhouse gas emission savings compared to fossil fuels , and not creating risk of negative impacts on the environment and biodiversity . ### the commission is empowered to adopt delegated acts in accordance with article 32 to amend the list of feedstocks in parts a and b of annex ix . each delegated act shall be based on an analysis of the latest scientific and technical progress , taking due account of the principles of the waste hierarchy established in directive 2008 / 98 / ec , in compliance with the union sustainability criteria , supporting the conclusion that the feedstock in question does not create an additional demand for land and promoting the use of wastes and residues , while avoiding significant distortive effects on markets for products , wastes or residues , delivering substantial greenhouse gas emission savings compared to fossil fuels , and not creating risk of negative impacts on the environment and biodiversity .


### for the calculation of the denominator , that is the energy content of road and rail transport fuels supplied for consumption or use on the market , petrol , diesel , natural gas , biofuels , biogas , renewable liquid and gaseous transport fuels of non - biological origin , waste - based fossil fuels and electricity , shall be taken into account ; ### for the calculation of the denominator , that is the energy content of road and rail transport fuels supplied for consumption or use on the market , petrol , diesel , natural gas , biofuels , biogas , renewable liquid and gaseous transport fuels of non - biological origin and electricity , shall be taken into account ;


### biofuels , bioliquids and biomass fuels should always be produced in a sustainable manner . biofuels , bioliquids and biomass fuels used for compliance with the union target laid down in this directive , and those which benefit from support schemes , should therefore be required to fulfil sustainability and greenhouse gas emissions savings criteria . ### biofuels , bioliquids and biomass fuels should always be produced in a sustainable manner , and steps should be taken to ensure that the raw materials are in fact used in an environmentally friendly way . biofuels , bioliquids and biomass fuels used for compliance with the union target laid down in this directive , and those which benefit from support schemes , should therefore be required to fulfil sustainability and greenhouse gas emissions savings criteria .


### emission saving from carbon capture and replacement , eccr , shall be related directly to the production of biomass fuel they are attributed to , and shall be limited to emissions avoided through the capture of co2 of which the carbon originates from biomass and which is used to replace fossil - derived co2 used in the energy or transport sector . ### emission saving from carbon capture and replacement or use , ecru of co2 generated by the production of biomass fuel shall be limited to emissions avoided through the capture of co2 which is used for commercial purposes .


### support for electricity from renewable sources shall be designed so as to integrate electricity from renewable sources in the electricity market and ensure that renewable energy producers are responding to market price signals and maximise their market revenues . ### support for electricity from renewable sources should be designed to help renewable self - consumers and renewable energy communities , to address energy poverty among low - income households and to integrate electricity from renewable sources in the electricity market . that approach ensures that renewable energy producers are responding to market price signals and maximises their market revenues .


### the commission is empowered to adopt delegated acts in accordance with article 32 to further specify the methodology referred to in paragraph 3 of this article to determine the share of biofuel resulting from biomass being processed with fossil fuels in a common process , to specify the methodology for assessing greenhouse gas emission savings from renewable liquid and gaseous transport fuels of non - biological origin and waste - based fossil fuels and to determine minimum greenhouse gas emission savings required for these fuels for the purpose of paragraph 1 of this article . ### the commission is empowered to adopt delegated acts in accordance with article 32 to further specify the methodology referred to in paragraph 3 of this article to determine the share of biofuel resulting from biomass being processed with fossil fuels in a common process , to specify the methodology for assessing greenhouse gas emission savings from renewable liquid and gaseous transport fuels of non - biological origin and to determine minimum greenhouse gas emission savings required for these fuels for the purpose of paragraph 1 of this article .


### ‘ biofuels’ means liquid fuel for transport produced from biomass ; ### ‘ biofuels’ means liquid or gaseous fuel for transport produced from biomass ;


### member states may submit to the commission reports including information on the typical greenhouse gas emissions from cultivation of agricultural raw materials of those areas on their territory classified as level 2 in the nomenclature of territorial units for statistics or as a more disaggregated nuts level in accordance with regulation no 1059 / 2003 of the european parliament and of the council35 the reports shall be accompanied by a description of the method and data sources used to calculate the level of emissions . that method shall take into account soil characteristics , climate and expected raw material yields . _________________ 35 regulation no 1059 / 2003 of the european parliament and of the council of 26 may 2003 on the establishment of a common classification of territorial units for statistics . ### member states shall submit to the commission reports including information on the typical greenhouse gas emissions from cultivation of agricultural raw materials of those areas on their territory classified as level 2 in the nomenclature of territorial units for statistics or as a more disaggregated nuts level in accordance with regulation no 1059 / 2003 of the european parliament and of the council35 the reports shall be accompanied by a description of the method and data sources used to calculate the level of emissions . that method shall take into account soil characteristics , climate and expected raw material yields . _________________ 35 regulation no 1059 / 2003 of the european parliament and of the council of 26 may 2003 on the establishment of a common classification of territorial units for statistics .


### ‘ food and feed crops’ means starch - rich crops , sugars and oil crops produced on agricultural land as a main crop excluding residues , waste or ligno - cellulosic material ; ### ‘ food and feed crops’ means starch - rich crops , sugars and oil crops produced on agricultural land as a main crop excluding residues , waste or ligno - cellulosic material . intermediate crops , such as catch crops and cover crops , are not considered main crops ;


### biomass fuels should be converted into electricity and heat in an efficient way in order to maximise energy security and greenhouse gas savings , as well as to limit emissions of air pollutants and minimise the pressure on limited biomass resources . for this reason , public support to installations with a fuel capacity equal to or exceeding 20 mw , if needed , should only be given to highly efficient combined power and heat installations as defined article 2 of directive 2012 / 27 / eu . existing support schemes for biomass - based electricity should however be allowed until their due end date for all biomass installations . in addition electricity produced from biomass in new installations with a fuel capacity equal to or exceeding 20 mw should only count towards renewable energy targets and obligations in the case of highly efficient combined power and heat installations . in accordance with state aid rules , member states should however be allowed to grant public support for the production of renewables to installations , and count the electricity they produce towards renewable energy targets and obligations , in order to avoid an increased reliance on fossil fuels with higher climate and environmental impacts where , after exhausting all technical and economic possibilities to install highly efficient combined heat and power biomass installations , member states would face a substantiated risk to security of supply of electricity . ### biomass fuels should be converted into electricity and heat in an efficient way in order to maximise energy security and greenhouse gas savings , as well as to limit emissions of air pollutants and minimise the pressure on limited biomass resources . for this reason , public support to installations with a fuel capacity equal to or exceeding 5 mw , if needed , should only be given to highly efficient combined power and heat installations as defined article 2 of directive 2012 / 27 / eu . existing support schemes for biomass - based electricity should however be allowed until their due end date for all biomass installations . in addition electricity produced from biomass in new installations with a fuel capacity equal to or exceeding 5 mw should only count towards renewable energy targets and obligations in the case of highly efficient combined power and heat installations . in accordance with state aid rules , member states should however be allowed to grant public support for the production of renewables to installations in order to avoid an increased reliance on fossil fuels with higher climate and environmental impacts where , after exhausting all technical and economic possibilities to install highly efficient combined heat and power biomass installations , member states would face a substantiated risk to security of supply of electricity .


### support for electricity from renewable sources shall be designed so as to integrate electricity from renewable sources in the electricity market and ensure that renewable energy producers are responding to market price signals and maximise their market revenues . ### support for electricity from renewable sources shall be designed so as to integrate electricity from renewable sources in the electricity market and ensure that renewable energy producers are responding to market price signals and maximise their market revenues . for renewable cogeneration units , support schemes shall also take into account thermal demand .


### several member states have implemented measures in the heating and cooling sector to reach their 2020 renewable energy target . however , in the absence of binding national targets post - 2020 , the remaining national incentives may not be sufficient to reach the long - term decarbonisation goals for 2030 and 2050 . in order to be in line with such goals , reinforce investor certainty and foster the development of a union - wide renewable heating and cooling market , while respecting the energy efficiency first principle , it is appropriate to encourage the effort of member states in the supply of renewable heating and cooling to contribute to the progressive increase of the share of renewable energy . given the fragmented nature of some heating and cooling markets , it is of utmost importance to ensure flexibility in designing such an effort . it is also important to ensure that a potential uptake of renewable heating and cooling does not have detrimental environmental side - effects . ### several member states have implemented measures in the heating and cooling sector to reach their 2020 renewable energy target . however , in the absence of binding national targets post - 2020 , the remaining national incentives may not be sufficient to reach the long - term decarbonisation goals for 2030 and 2050 . in order to be in line with such goals , reinforce investor certainty and foster the development of a union - wide renewable heating and cooling market , while respecting the energy efficiency first principle , it is appropriate to encourage the effort of member states in the supply of renewable heating and cooling to contribute to the progressive increase of the share of renewable energy . given the fragmented nature of some heating and cooling markets , it is of utmost importance to ensure flexibility in designing such an effort . it is also important to ensure that a potential uptake of renewable heating and cooling does not have detrimental environmental side - effects , be it inside or outside the eu .


### the commission has examined available evidence , which points to the importance of having harmonised union rules in this area to ensure the proper functioning of the internal market and avoid , inter alia , disruptions to the scheduling of transport operations and the functioning of information and communication systems , higher costs to cross - border trade , or lower productivity for goods and services . evidence is not conclusive as to whether the benefits of summer - time arrangements outweigh the inconveniences linked to a biannual change of time . ### the commission has examined available evidence , which points to the importance of having harmonised union rules in this area to ensure the proper functioning of the internal market and avoid , inter alia , disruptions to the scheduling of transport operations and the functioning of information and communication systems , higher costs to cross - border trade , or lower productivity for goods and services .


### this directive should apply from 1 april 2019 , so that the last summer - time period subject to the rules of directive 2000 / 84 / ec should start , in every member state , at 1 . 00 a . m . , coordinated universal time , on 31 march 2019 . member states that , after that summer - time period , intend to adopt a standard time corresponding to the time applied during the winter season in accordance with directive 2000 / 84 / ec should change their standard time at 1 . 00 a . m . , coordinated universal time , on 27 october 2019 , so that similar and lasting changes occurring in different member states take place simultaneously . it is desirable that member states take the decisions on the standard time that each of them will apply as from 2019 in a concerted manner . ### this directive should apply from 1 january . . . [ oj : insert the year corresponding to two years after the entry into force of this directive ] . member states that intend to adopt a standard time corresponding to the time applied during the summer season in accordance with directive 2000 / 84 / ec should change their standard time at 1 . 00 a . m . , coordinated universal time , on the last sunday in march of that year , so that similar and lasting changes occurring in different member states take place simultaneously . it is desirable that member states take the decisions on the standard time that each of them will apply in a concerted manner .


### the commission shall report to the european parliament and to the council on the implementation of this directive by 31 december 2024 at the latest . ### the commission shall report to the european parliament and to the council on the implementation of this directive by 31 december 2025 at the latest . in this implementation report , a&#160 ; special emphasis shall be put on the effects on human health . &#160 ;


### therefore , it is necessary to put an end to the harmonisation of the period covered by summer - time arrangements as laid down in directive 2000 / 84 / ec and to introduce common rules preventing member states from applying different seasonal time arrangements by changing their standard time more than once during the year and establishing the obligation to notify envisaged changes of the standard time . this directive aims at contributing in a determined manner to the smooth functioning of the internal market and should , consequently , be based on article 114 of the treaty on the functioning of the european union , as interpreted in accordance with the consistent case - law of the court of justice of the european union . ### therefore , it is necessary to put an end to the harmonisation of the period covered by summer - time arrangements as laid down in directive 2000 / 84 / ec and to introduce common rules preventing member states from applying different seasonal time arrangements by changing their standard time and establishing the obligation to notify envisaged changes of the standard time . this directive aims at contributing in a determined manner to the smooth functioning of the internal market and should , consequently , be based on article 114 of the treaty on the functioning of the european union , as interpreted in accordance with the consistent case - law of the court of justice of the european union .


### a lively public debate is taking place on summer - time arrangements and some member states have already expressed their preference to discontinue the application of such arrangements . in the light of these developments , it is necessary to continue safeguarding the proper functioning of the internal market and to avoid any significant disruptions thereto caused by divergences between member states in this area . therefore , it is appropriate to put an end in a coordinated way to summer - time arrangements . ### a lively public debate is taking place on summer - time arrangements . around 4 . 6 million citizens participated in the public consultation held by the commission , which is the largest number of responses ever received in any commission consultation . a number of citizens ' initiatives have highlighted citizens ' concerns about the biannual clock change and some member states have already expressed their preference to discontinue the application of such summer - time arrangements . in the light of these developments , it is necessary to continue safeguarding the proper functioning of the internal market and to avoid any significant disruptions thereto caused by divergences between member states in this area . therefore , it is appropriate to put an end in a coordinated way to summer - time arrangements .


### member states shall adopt and publish , by 1 april 2019 at the latest , the laws , regulations and administrative provisions necessary to comply with this directive . they shall forthwith communicate to the commission the text of those provisions . ### member states shall adopt and publish , by 1 april 2020 at the latest , the laws , regulations and administrative provisions necessary to comply with this directive . they shall forthwith communicate to the commission the text of those provisions .


### the commission has examined available evidence , which points to the importance of having harmonised union rules in this area to ensure the proper functioning of the internal market and avoid , inter alia , disruptions to the scheduling of transport operations and the functioning of information and communication systems , higher costs to cross - border trade , or lower productivity for goods and services . evidence is not conclusive as to whether the benefits of summer - time arrangements outweigh the inconveniences linked to a biannual change of time . ### the commission has examined available evidence , which points to the importance of having harmonised union rules in this area to ensure the proper functioning of the internal market , create predictability and long - term certainty and avoid , inter alia , disruptions to the scheduling of transport operations and the functioning of information and communication systems , higher costs to cross - border trade , or lower productivity for goods and services . furthermore , while scientific evidence is not yet fully conclusive , recent scientific studies have pointed out the possible negative effects on human health linked to a biannual change of time .


### in its resolution of 8 february 2018 , the european parliament called on the commission to conduct an assessment of the summer - time arrangements provided by directive 2000 / 84 / ec and , if necessary , to come up with a proposal for its revision . that resolution also confirmed that it is essential to maintain a harmonised approach to time arrangements throughout the union . ### in its resolution of 8 february 2018 , the european parliament called on the commission to conduct a thorough assessment of the summer - time arrangements provided by directive 2000 / 84 / ec and , if necessary , to come up with a proposal for its revision . that resolution also stressed the importance of maintaining a harmonised approach to time arrangements throughout the union and a unified eu time regime .


### the commission has examined available evidence , which points to the importance of having harmonised union rules in this area to ensure the proper functioning of the internal market and avoid , inter alia , disruptions to the scheduling of transport operations and the functioning of information and communication systems , higher costs to cross - border trade , or lower productivity for goods and services . evidence is not conclusive as to whether the benefits of summer - time arrangements outweigh the inconveniences linked to a biannual change of time . ### the commission has examined available evidence , which points to the importance of having harmonised union rules in this area to ensure the proper functioning of the internal market and avoid , inter alia , disruptions to the scheduling of transport operations and the functioning of information and communication systems , higher costs to cross - border trade , or lower productivity for goods and services and adverse effects on health . evidence is not conclusive as to whether the benefits of summer - time arrangements outweigh the inconveniences linked to a biannual change of time .


### this directive should apply from 1 april 2019 , so that the last summer - time period subject to the rules of directive 2000 / 84 / ec should start , in every member state , at 1 . 00 a . m . , coordinated universal time , on 31 march 2019 . member states that , after that summer - time period , intend to adopt a standard time corresponding to the time applied during the winter season in accordance with directive 2000 / 84 / ec should change their standard time at 1 . 00 a . m . , coordinated universal time , on 27 october 2019 , so that similar and lasting changes occurring in different member states take place simultaneously . it is desirable that member states take the decisions on the standard time that each of them will apply as from 2019 in a concerted manner . ### this directive should apply from 1 may 2019 , so that the last summer - time period subject to the rules of directive 2000 / 84 / ec should start , in every member state , at 1 . 00 a . m . , coordinated universal time , on 30 march 2020 . member states that , after that summer - time period , intend to adopt a standard time corresponding to the time applied during the winter season in accordance with directive 2000 / 84 / ec should change their standard time at 1 . 00 a . m . , coordinated universal time , on 27 october 2019 , so that similar and lasting changes occurring in different member states take place simultaneously . it is desirable that member states take the decisions on the standard time that each of them will apply as from 2019 in a concerted manner , so as to improve coordination between member states with regard to trade and transport .


### member states shall adopt and publish , by 1 april 2019 at the latest , the laws , regulations and administrative provisions necessary to comply with this directive . they shall forthwith communicate to the commission the text of those provisions . ### member states shall adopt and publish , by 30 april 2019 at the latest , the laws , regulations and administrative provisions necessary to comply with this directive . they shall forthwith communicate to the commission the text of those provisions .


### without prejudice to article 1 , if a member state decides to change its standard time or times in any territory under its jurisdiction , it shall notify the commission at least 6 months before the change takes effect . where a member state has made such a notification and has not withdrawn it at least 6 months before the date of the envisaged change , the member state shall apply this change . ### without prejudice to article 1 , if a member state decides to change its standard time or times in any territory under its jurisdiction , it shall notify the commission and all other member states at least 18 months before the change takes effect . where a member state has made such a notification and has not withdrawn it at least 18 months before the date of the envisaged change , the member state shall apply this change .


### therefore , it is necessary to put an end to the harmonisation of the period covered by summer - time arrangements as laid down in directive 2000 / 84 / ec and to introduce common rules preventing member states from applying different seasonal time arrangements by changing their standard time more than once during the year and establishing the obligation to notify envisaged changes of the standard time . this directive aims at contributing in a determined manner to the smooth functioning of the internal market and should , consequently , be based on article 114 of the treaty on the functioning of the european union , as interpreted in accordance with the consistent case - law of the court of justice of the european union . ### therefore , it is necessary to put an end to the harmonisation of the period covered by summer - time arrangements as laid down in directive 2000 / 84 / ec and to introduce common rules preventing member states from applying different seasonal time arrangements . this directive aims at contributing in a determined manner to the smooth functioning of the internal market and should , consequently , be based on article 114 of the treaty on the functioning of the european union , as interpreted in accordance with the consistent case - law of the court of justice of the european union .


### within 1 month of the notification , the commission shall inform the other member states thereof and publish that information in the official journal of the european union . ### within 1 month of the notification , the commission shall publish that information in the official journal of the european union and inform the general public .


### in its resolution of 8 february 2018 , the european parliament called on the commission to conduct an assessment of the summer - time arrangements provided by directive 2000 / 84 / ec and , if necessary , to come up with a proposal for its revision . that resolution also confirmed that it is essential to maintain a harmonised approach to time arrangements throughout the union . ### in its resolution of 8 february 2018 , building on petitions and demands received from the citizens , by the committee on petitions , the european parliament called on the commission to conduct an assessment of the summer - time arrangements provided by directive 2000 / 84 / ec and , if necessary , to come up with a proposal for its revision . that resolution also confirmed that it is essential to maintain a harmonised and co - ordinated approach to time arrangements throughout the union .


### member states shall provide the commission with the relevant information by 30 april 2024 at the latest . ### member states shall provide the commission with the relevant information by 30 april 2025 at the latest .


### in view of the specific nature of the exception , its targeted scope and the need for legal certainty for its beneficiaries , member states should not be allowed to impose additional requirements for the application of the exception , such as compensation schemes or the prior verification of the commercial availability of accessible format copies . ### in view of the specific nature of the exception , its targeted scope and the need for legal certainty for its beneficiaries , member states will not be permitted to impose additional requirements for the application of the exception , such as compensation schemes or the prior verification of the commercial availability of accessible format copies .


### ‘ authorised entity’ means an organisation providing education , instructional training , adaptive reading or information access to beneficiary persons on a non - profit basis , as its main activity or as one of its main activities or public - interest missions . ### ‘ authorised entity’ means an entity that is authorised or recognised by the government to provide education , instructional training , adaptive reading or information access to beneficiary persons on a non - profit basis . it also includes a government institution or non - profit organization that provides the same services to beneficiary persons as one of its primary activities or institutional obligations .


### ‘ authorised entity’ means an organisation providing education , instructional training , adaptive reading or information access to beneficiary persons on a non - profit basis , as its main activity or as one of its main activities or public - interest missions . ### ‘ authorised entity’ means an entity that is authorised or recognised by the member state to provide education , instructional training , adaptive reading or information access to beneficiary persons on a non - profit basis . it also includes a government institution or non - profit organization that provides the same services to beneficiary persons as one of its primary activities or institutional obligations .


### ‘ authorised entity’ means an organisation providing education , instructional training , adaptive reading or information access to beneficiary persons on a non - profit basis , as its main activity or as one of its main activities or public - interest missions . ### ' authorised entity ' means an organisation or governmental institution certified or recognised by the member state , and operating on a basis of trust , which provides access to education , instructional training , adaptive reading , information , care or services for beneficiary persons , on a non - profit basis , as its main activity or as one of its main activities , public - interest missions or institutional obligations .


### ‘ authorised entity’ means an organisation providing education , instructional training , adaptive reading or information access to beneficiary persons on a non - profit basis , as its main activity or as one of its main activities or public - interest missions . ### ' authorised entity ' means an organisation authorised or recognised by state institutions providing education , instructional training , adaptive reading or information access to beneficiary persons on a non - profit basis , as its main activity or as one of its main activities or public - interest missions .


### in order to implement amendments to the existing iccat recommendations into union law , the commission shall be empowered to adopt delegated acts in accordance with article 73 amending : ### in order to implement amendments to the existing iccat recommendations into union law , and insofar as amendments to union law do not go beyond the iccat recommendations , the commission shall be empowered to adopt delegated acts in accordance with article 73 amending :


### this regulation also does not cover fishing opportunities decided by iccat , as article 43 of the treaty on the functioning of the european union provides that measures on fixing prices , levies , aid and quantitative limitations and on the fixing and allocation of fishing opportunities shall be adopted by the council . ### this regulation also does not cover fishing opportunities decided by iccat , as article 43 of the treaty on the functioning of the european union provides that measures on fixing prices , levies , aid and quantitative limitations and on the fixing and allocation of fishing opportunities shall be adopted by the council on a proposal by the commission . the subsequent allocation by member states to vessel - owners or gear types should be done in accordance with article 17 of regulation no 1380 / 2013 , using transparent and objective criteria including those of an environmental , social and economic nature . member states should endeavour to provide incentives to fishing vessels deploying selective fishing gear or using fishing techniques with reduced environmental impact , such as reduced energy consumption or habitat damage .


### ‘ iuu fishing’ means fishing activities which are illegal , unreported and unregulated ; ### ‘ iuu fishing’ means fishing activities as defined in point of article 2 of council regulation no 1005 / 2008 ;


### given internet connectivity needs within the union and the urgency of promoting access networks that can deliver , throughout the eu , an internet experience of high quality based on very high - speed broadband services , financial assistance should seek to attain a geographically balanced distribution . ### given internet connectivity needs within the union and the urgency of promoting access networks that can deliver , throughout the eu , an internet experience of high quality based on very high - speed broadband services , financial assistance should seek to attain a geographically balanced distribution in order to reach the same average share of internet connection in all member states , taking into consideration that an average of 97 % of union citizens have internet access in some member states while only 68 % do in others .


### local wireless connectivity should only qualify as free where it is provided without corresponding remuneration , whether by direct payment or other types of consideration , including , but not limited to , advertising and the provision of personal data . ### local wireless connectivity should only qualify as free where it is provided without corresponding remuneration , whether by direct payment or other types of consideration , including , but not limited to , advertising and the provision of personal data . access to the free local wireless connection should integrate the agreement of users to the terms and conditions of use and a disclaimer explaining the purpose of the service .


### that the right to apply for international protection does not encompass any choice of the applicant which member state shall be responsible for examining the application for international protection ; ### that the right to apply for international protection does not encompass a choice of the applicant which member state shall be responsible for examining the application for international protection , except when provided within the allocation mechanism under the terms of chapter vii .


### in order to ensure full respect for the principle of family unity and for the best interests of the child , the existence of a relationship of dependency between an applicant and his or her child , sibling or parent on account of the applicant’s pregnancy or maternity , state of health or old age , should become a binding responsibility criterion . when the applicant is an unaccompanied minor , the presence of a family member or relative on the territory of another member state who can take care of him or her should also become a binding responsibility criterion . in order to discourage secondary movements of unaccompanied minors , which are not in their best interests , in the absence of a family member or a relative , the member state responsible should be that where the unaccompanied minor first has lodged his or her application for international protection , unless it is demonstrated that this would not be in the best interests of the child . before transferring an unaccompanied minor to another member state , the transferring member state should make sure that that member state will take all necessary and appropriate measures to ensure the adequate protection of the child , and in particular the prompt appointment of a representative or representatives tasked with safeguarding respect for all the rights to which they are entitled . any decision to transfer an unaccompanied minor should be preceded by an assessment of his / her best interests by staff with the necessary qualifications and expertise . ### in order to ensure full respect for the principle of family unity and for the best interests of the child , the existence of a relationship of dependency between an applicant and his or her child , sibling or parent on account of the applicant ' s pregnancy or maternity , state of health or old age , should become a binding responsibility criterion . when the applicant is an unaccompanied minor , the presence of a family member or relative on the territory of another member state who can take care of him or her should also become a binding responsibility criterion , if this is in their best interests . in order to discourage secondary movements and unnecessary transfers of unaccompanied minors , which are not in their best interests , in the absence of a family member or a relative legally present in the territory of a member state , the member state responsible should be that in which the unaccompanied minor is present , provided that this is in the best interests of the minor . before transferring an unaccompanied minor to another member state , the transferring member state should make sure that that member state will take all necessary and appropriate measures to ensure the adequate protection of the child , and in particular the prompt appointment of a guardian tasked with safeguarding respect for all the rights to which they are entitled . any decision to transfer an unaccompanied minor should be preceded by a multidisciplinary assessment of his / her best interests by staff with the necessary qualifications and expertise , which shall involve his or her guardian and legal advisor or counsellor .


### for the costs to transfer an applicant to the member state of allocation , the benefitting member state shall be refunded by a lump sum of eur 500 for each person transferred pursuant to article 38 . this financial support shall be implemented by applying the procedures laid down in article 18 of regulation no 516 / 2014 . ### the costs to transfer an applicant to the member state of allocation by the european union agency for asylum shall be met by the general budget of the union and be refunded by a lump sum of eur 300 for each person transferred pursuant to article 38 .