### 10. stresses that ai can also be used to monitor the illicit trafficking of cultural objects and the destruction of cultural property , whilst supporting data collection for recovery and reconstruction efforts; ### 10. stresses that ai technologies can also be used to monitor the illicit trafficking of cultural objects and the destruction of cultural property , whilst supporting data collection for recovery and reconstruction efforts;


### cultural and creative sectors (ccs) ### cultural and creative sectors and industries (ccsi)


### 11. deplores the fact that culture is not amongst the priorities outlined in policy options and recommendations on ai at union level , notably in the commission’s white paper of 19 february 2020 on ai; ### 11. deplores the fact that culture is not amongst the priorities outlined in policy options and recommendations on ai at union level , notably in the commission’s white paper of 19 february 2020 on ai and calls on the commission and the member states to address the potential impact of the use of ai technologies on the ccs and to make the most of the nexgen eu recovery plan to digitise the sector to respond to the new forms of consumption of the 21st century;


### 11. deplores the fact that culture is not amongst the priorities outlined in policy options and recommendations on ai at union level , notably in the commission’s white paper of 19 february 2020 on ai; ### 11. deplores the fact that culture is not amongst the priorities outlined in policy options and recommendations on ai at union level , notably in the commission’s white paper of 19 february 2020 on ai; calls upon the revision of the recommendations in order to integrate culture as a policy priority on ai at union level;


### 12. stresses the need to set up a coherent vision of ai in the ccs at union level; calls on the member states to strengthen the focus on culture in their ai national strategies to ensure that cultural diversity is safeguarded and promoted at union level in the new digital context; ### 12. stresses the need to set up a coherent vision of ai in the ccsi at union level; calls on the member states to strengthen the focus on culture in their ai national strategies to ensure that cultural diversity is safeguarded and promoted at union level in the new digital context , while aiming to prevent and reduce creative division;


### 12. stresses the need to set up a coherent vision of ai in the ccs at union level; calls on the member states to strengthen the focus on culture in their ai national strategies to ensure that cultural diversity is safeguarded and promoted at union level in the new digital context; ### 12. stresses the need to set up a coherent vision of ai technologies in the ccs at union level; calls on the member states to strengthen the focus on culture in their ai national strategies to ensure that cultural diversity is safeguarded and promoted at union level in the new digital context;


### 13. calls on the commission and the member states to support critical public discourse on ai and to raise awareness of the benefits of its use in the ccs; ### 13. calls on the commission and the member states to support critical public discourse on ai and to raise awareness of the benefits of its use in the ccs; emphasises , in that connection , the role which art and culture can play in familiarising people with ai and fostering public debate about it , as they can provide vivid , tangible examples of machine learning , for example in the area of music;


### 13. calls on the commission and the member states to support critical public discourse on ai and to raise awareness of the benefits of its use in the ccs; ### 13. calls on the commission and the member states to support a democratic debate on ai technologies and to provide a regular forum for discussion with civil society , researchers , academia and stakeholders to raise awareness of the benefits and the challenges of its use in the ccs;


### 14. stresses that algorithms used by media service providers and video sharing platforms should be designed in such a way that they do not privilege specific works by limiting their ‘personalised’ suggestions to the most popular works , for targeted advertising , commercial purposes or to maximise profit; ### 14. stresses that algorithms used by media service providers and video sharing platforms should be designed in such a way that they do not privilege specific works by limiting their ‘personalised’ suggestions to the most popular works , for targeted advertising , commercial purposes or to maximise profit; calls upon the creation of the right-to-be invisible to the ai algorithm in the use of media service providers and video sharing platforms and for this feature to be made available freely to users , registered or not , to the specific platforms;


### 14. stresses that algorithms used by media service providers and video sharing platforms should be designed in such a way that they do not privilege specific works by limiting their ‘personalised’ suggestions to the most popular works , for targeted advertising , commercial purposes or to maximise profit; ### 14. stresses that algorithms used by media service providers and video sharing platforms should be designed in such a way that they would guarantee the rights of users to be in control over the content they see , and to not privilege specific works by limiting their ‘personalised’ suggestions to the most popular works , for targeted advertising , commercial purposes or to maximise profit;


### 14. stresses that algorithms used by media service providers and video sharing platforms should be designed in such a way that they do not privilege specific works by limiting their ‘personalised’ suggestions to the most popular works , for targeted advertising , commercial purposes or to maximise profit; ### 14. stresses that algorithms used by media service providers , on-demand video services and video sharing platforms should be designed in such a way that they do not privilege specific works by limiting their ‘personalised’ suggestions to the most popular works , for targeted advertising , commercial purposes or to maximise profit;


### 15. stresses , moreover , that the use of ai in algorithm-based content recommendations on online audiovisual media services , such video on demand services , may have a serious impact on cultural diversity , notably regarding the obligation to ensure the prominence of european works under article 13 of the audiovisual media services directive (directive (eu) 2018/1808); ### 15. stresses , moreover , that the use of ai in algorithm-based content recommendations on online audiovisual media services , such video on demand services , may have a serious impact on cultural and linguistic diversity , notably regarding the obligation to ensure the prominence of european works under article 13 of the audiovisual media services directive (directive (eu)2018/1808); as well as the actions that the member states can take to ensure an appropriate visibility for the general interest audio-visual media under article 7b of the aforementioned directive;


### 15. stresses , moreover , that the use of ai in algorithm-based content recommendations on online audiovisual media services , such video on demand services , may have a serious impact on cultural diversity , notably regarding the obligation to ensure the prominence of european works under article 13 of the audiovisual media services directive (directive (eu) 2018/1808); ### 15. stresses , moreover , that the use of ai in algorithm-based content recommendations on media service providers , such video on demand services and video-sharing platforms , may have a serious impact on cultural diversity , notably regarding the obligation to ensure the prominence of european works under article 13 of the audiovisual media services directive (directive (eu) 2018/1808);


### 16. suggests establishing a clear ethical framework for the use of ai in media to ensure access to culturally and linguistically diverse content at union level , based on accountable , transparent and inclusive algorithms; stresses , in that regard , that the framework should also address the misuse of ai to disseminate fake news and online misinformation; ### 16. suggests establishing a clear ethical framework for the use of ai technologies in media to prevent all forms of discrimination and in media to ensure access to culturally and linguistically diverse content at union level , based on accountable , transparent and inclusive algorithms; stresses , in that regard , that the framework should also address the misuse of ai to disseminate fake news and online misinformation;


### 16. suggests establishing a clear ethical framework for the use of ai in media to ensure access to culturally and linguistically diverse content at union level , based on accountable , transparent and inclusive algorithms; stresses , in that regard , that the framework should also address the misuse of ai to disseminate fake news and online misinformation; ### 16. calls on the commission to establish a clear ethical framework for the use of ai in media to ensure access to culturally and linguistically diverse content at union level , based on accountable , transparent and inclusive algorithms; stresses , in that regard , that the framework should also address the misuse of ai to disseminate fake news and online misinformation;


### online disinformation: deepfakes ### online quality journalism and disinformation


### 17. recalls that with new techniques rapidly emerging , detecting deepfakes is becoming increasingly challenging because malicious deepfake makers can generate algorithms that can be trained to evade detection; ### 17. recalls that with new techniques rapidly emerging , detecting false and manipulated information , such as deepfakes , is becoming increasingly challenging because malicious producers can generate algorithms that can be trained to evade detection , a state of affairs which is seriously undermining our basic democratic values;


### 17. recalls that with new techniques rapidly emerging , detecting deepfakes is becoming increasingly challenging because malicious deepfake makers can generate algorithms that can be trained to evade detection; ### 17. recalls that with new techniques rapidly emerging , detecting deepfakes is becoming increasingly challenging due to the ability of malicious deepfake makers to generate algorithms that can be trained to evade detection;


### 18. welcomes recent initiatives and projects to create more efficient deepfake-detecting tools and transparency requirements; stresses , in that regard , the need to explore and invest in methods for tackling deepfakes as a crucial step in combatting misinformation; ### 18. welcomes recent initiatives and projects to create more efficient deepfake-detecting tools and transparency requirements; stresses , in that regard , the need to explore and invest in methods for tackling deepfakes as a crucial step in combatting misinformation; asks the commission therefore to impose an obligation for all deepfake material or any other realistically made synthetic videos , to state it's not original and a strict limitation when used for electoral purposes;


### a. whereas the services directive and the professional qualifications directive are key instruments for addressing the barriers to the free movement of services within the european union , but the potential of the single market for services is still largely untapped; ### a. whereas the services directive and the professional qualifications directive are key instruments for addressing the free movement of services within the european union , but some potential of the single market for services is still in parts untapped;


### b. whereas services account for around 70 % of all economic activity in the eu and a similar proportion of its employment , while the share of services in intra-eu trade is only around 20 %; ### b. whereas services account for around 70 % of all economic activity in the eu and a similar proportion of its employment , while the share of services in intra-eu trade is only around 20 %; recalls that there are a number of services that have complex supply chains and are therefore unsusceptible to trade , for example certain services of general economic interest , geographically bound services or where smes have no interest to engage in cross-border provisions; whereas services may necessitate regulation with regard to local requirements and circumstances that are in accordance with the principle of subsidiarity or protocol 26 of the tfeu;


### c. whereas studies show that the potential gains of completing the single market for services through effective implementation and better harmonisation of regulations could be at least eur 297 billion , corresponding to 2 % of eu gdp; ### deleted


### d. whereas the eu currently faces a recession and rising unemployment caused by the covid-19 pandemic , and completing the single market for services is thus a smart and effective way of creating economic growth without additional public spending; ### d. whereas the eu faces a recession in 2020 caused by the covid-19 pandemic , and efforts with the aim of completing the single market for services are thus a way of creating economic growth; however keeping in mind the principles enshrined in article3(3) teu calling for a balance between the market economy principle and the eu’s social integration;


### c. whereas some businesses offering digital services enjoy , due to strong data-driven network effects , market dominance that makes it increasingly difficult for other players to compete; ### c. whereas some businesses offering digital services enjoy , due to strong data-driven network effects , significant market power that makes it increasingly difficult for other players to compete;


### 1. welcomes the “cpc common position covid-19”3 issued by the commission and the consumer protection cooperation (cpc) authorities of the member states on the most recent reported scams and unfair practices in relation to the covid-19 outbreak; calls on all platforms to cooperate with the commission and the competent authorities to better identify illegal practices , take down scams and asks the commission to constantly review the common guidelines for the placement and/or sale of items and services of a false , misleading or otherwise abusive content for consumers; believes such guidelines should not only seek to apply union and national consumer law , but to proactively seek to put in place the means to react to the crisis in the market rapidly; ### 1. welcomes the “cpc common position covid-19”3 issued by the commission and the consumer protection cooperation (cpc) authorities of the member states on the most recent reported scams and unfair practices in relation to the covid-19 outbreak; calls on all platforms to cooperate with the commission and the competent authorities to better identify illegal practices , take down scams and asks the commission to take legislative action on the placement and/or sale of items and services of a false , misleading or otherwise abusive content for consumers;


### 1. welcomes the “cpc common position covid-19”3 issued by the commission and the consumer protection cooperation (cpc) authorities of the member states on the most recent reported scams and unfair practices in relation to the covid-19 outbreak; calls on all platforms to cooperate with the commission and the competent authorities to better identify illegal practices , take down scams and asks the commission to constantly review the common guidelines for the placement and/or sale of items and services of a false , misleading or otherwise abusive content for consumers; believes such guidelines should not only seek to apply union and national consumer law , but to proactively seek to put in place the means to react to the crisis in the market rapidly; ### 1. welcomes the “cpc common position covid-19”3 issued by the commission and the consumer protection cooperation (cpc) authorities of the member states on the most recent reported scams and unfair practices in relation to the covid-19 outbreak; calls on all platforms to cooperate with the commission and the competent authorities to better identify illegal practices , take down scams and asks the commission to constantly review the common guidelines for the placement and/or sale of items and services of false , misleading or otherwise abusive content for consumers; believes such guidelines should not only seek to apply union and national consumer law , but to proactively seek to put in place the means to react to the crisis in the market rapidly;


### 1. calls for steps to be taken to safeguard the availability of content for which editorial responsibility is taken or which is produced by journalists and all other media that are already subject to a generally recognised independent oversight on other platforms or in other services so that their content is not subjected to any further controls; ### 1. recalls that free and pluralistic media are the backbone of our democratic societies; recalls that traditional media services are strongly regulated , including by self-regulation , in order to ensure freedom of expression and editorial freedom for the content published in their media; calls for steps to be taken to ensure that the same principles apply to online and offline media services in order to establish a level playing field; considers that it is important to safeguard content for which editorial responsibility is taken or which is already subject to a generally recognised independent oversight , when such content is available on other platforms or services , so that it is subject to the same rules and supervision;


### 2. welcomes efforts to bring transparency to advertising online and considers that further clarity and guidance is needed as regards professional diligence and obligations for platforms; believes that where advertisers and intermediaries are established in a third country , they should designate a legal representative , established in the union , who can be held accountable for the content of advertisements , in order to allow for consumer redress in the case of false or misleading advertisements; ### 2. considers that additional guidance is needed as regards professional diligence and obligations for platforms when it comes to advertising online; outlines that new measures establishing a new framework for platform-to-consumers relations on transparency provisions regarding advertising , digital nudging and preferential treatment are needed; outlines that paid advertisements or paid placement in a ranking of search results should be identified in a clear , concise and intelligent manner; suggests that platforms should disclose the origin of paid advertisements , especially those of political nature; points out that targeted advertising must be regulated more strictly in favour of less intrusive forms of advertising and that the digital services act should set clear boundaries as regards the terms for accumulation of data for that purpose , in order to better protect the consumers; believes that where advertisers and intermediaries are established in a third country , they should designate a legal representative , established in the union , who can be held accountable for the content of advertisements , in order to allow for consumer redress in the case of false or misleading advertisements;


### 3. asks the commission to clarify what sanctions or other restrictions those advertisement intermediaries and platforms should be subject to if they knowingly accept false or misleading advertisements; believes that online platforms should actively monitor the advertisements shown on their sites , in order to ensure they do not profit from false or misleading advertisements , including from influencer marketing content which is not being disclosed as sponsored; underlines that advertisements for commercial products and services , and advertisements of a political or other nature are different in form and function and therefore should be subject to different guidelines and rules; ### 3. believes that platforms should clearly mark all sponsored advertisements as such in a way made visible to all consumers; asks the commission to clarify what sanctions or other restrictions those advertisement intermediaries and platforms should be subject to if they knowingly accept false or misleading advertisements; believes that online platforms should take measures to ensure they do not profit from false or misleading advertisements shown on their websites , including from influencer marketing content which is not being disclosed as sponsored; underlines that transparency requirements should include the obligation to disclose who is paying for the advertising , including both direct and indirect payments or any other contribution received by service providers , and protect consumers from unsolicited communications online; underlines that advertisements for commercial products and services , and advertisements of a political or other nature are different in form and function and therefore should be subject to different guidelines and rules;


### 3. considers that any final decision on the legality of user-generated content must be made by an independent judiciary and not a private commercial entity; ### 3. considers that the final decision on the legality of user-generated content must be made by an independent judiciary and not a private commercial entity;


### 4. while recalling earlier efforts , asks the commission to further review the practice of end user licensing agreements (eulas) and to seek ways to allow greater and easier engagement for consumers , including in the choice of clauses; notes that eulas are often accepted by users without reading them; moreover notes that when a eula does allow for users to opt-out of clauses , platforms may require users to do so at each use; ### 4. while recalling earlier efforts , asks the commission to further review the practice of end user licensing agreements (eulas) and to seek ways to make them fairer and to ensure compliance with union law , in order to allow greater and easier engagement for consumers; considers that restrictions on the use of digital content and digital services that , while being imposed by the contractual freedom between right holders and service providers , should be banned for not meeting the reasonable expectations of the consumer , protected under directive (eu) 2019/770 on certain aspects concerning contracts for the supply of digital content and digital services; notes that eulas are often accepted by users without reading them; moreover notes that when a eula does allow for users to opt-out of clauses , platforms may require users to do so at each use;


### 4. while recalling earlier efforts , asks the commission to further review the practice of end user licensing agreements (eulas) and to seek ways to allow greater and easier engagement for consumers , including in the choice of clauses; notes that eulas are often accepted by users without reading them; moreover notes that when a eula does allow for users to opt-out of clauses , platforms may require users to do so at each use; ### 4. while recalling earlier efforts , asks the commission to further review the practice of end user licensing agreements (eulas) and to seek ways to allow greater and easier engagement for consumers , including in the choice of clauses in order to allow for a better informed consent; notes that eulas are often accepted by users without reading them; moreover notes that when a eula does allow for users to opt-out of clauses , platforms may require users to do so at each use; notes that the majority of eulas can be unilaterally changed by the platforms without any notice to consumers , with pernicious effects in terms of consumer protection , and calls for a better consumer protection through effective measures;


### 5. underlines that eulas should always make the sharing of all data with third parties optional unless vital to the functioning of the services; asks the commission to ensure that consumers can still use a connected device for all its primary functions even if a consumer withdraws their consent to share non-operational data with the device manufacturer or third parties; ### 5. underlines that eulas should always make the sharing of all data with third parties optional unless vital to the functioning of the services , establishing a high level of data protection and security; recommends that any data access remedy should be imposed only to tackle market failures , be in compliance with the gdpr , give consumers the right to object to data sharing , and provide consumers with technical solutions to help them control and manage flows of their personal information and have means of redress; asks the commission to ensure that consumers can still use a connected device for all its primary functions even if a consumer withdraws their consent to share non-operational data with the device manufacturer or third parties;


### 5. underlines that eulas should always make the sharing of all data with third parties optional unless vital to the functioning of the services; asks the commission to ensure that consumers can still use a connected device for all its primary functions even if a consumer withdraws their consent to share non-operational data with the device manufacturer or third parties; ### 5. underlines that eulas should always make the sharing of all data with third parties optional unless vital to the functioning of the services; asks the commission to ensure that consumers can still use a connected device for all its primary functions even if a consumer withdraws their consent to share non-operational data with the device manufacturer or third parties; reiterates the need for transparency in eulas regarding the possibility and scope of data sharing with third parties;


### 6. underlines that the directive (eu) 2019/770 and directive (eu) 2019/771 are still to be properly transposed and implemented; asks the commission to take this into account before taking additional measures; ### 6. underlines that the directive (eu) 2019/770 and directive (eu) 2019/771 are still to be properly transposed and implemented; asks the commission to take this into account when taking additional measures;


### 6. suggests that content hosting platforms regularly submit transparency reports to the european agency , concerning the compliance of their terms and conditions with the provisions of the digital services act; further suggests that content hosting platforms publish their decisions on removing user-generated content on a publicly accessible database; ### 6. suggests that content hosting platforms regularly submit transparency reports to the european agency , concerning the compliance of their terms and conditions with the provisions of the digital services act; further suggests that content hosting platforms publish this report including the number of decisions on removing user-generated content on a publicly accessible database;


### 7. notes the rise of “smart contracts” based on distributed ledger technologies; asks the commission to analyse if certain aspects of “smart contracts” should be clarified and if guidance should be given in order to ensure legal certainty for businesses and consumers; asks especially for the commission to work to ensure that such contracts with consumers are valid and binding throughout the union; that they meet the standards of consumer law , for example the right of withdrawal under directive 2011/83/eu4 ; and that they are not subject to national barriers to application , such as notarisation requirements; ### 7. notes the rise of “smart contracts” based on distributed ledger technologies without a clear legal basis; asks the commission to assess the development and use of distributed ledger technologies , including “smart contracts” , in particular questions of legality , and enforcement of smart contracts in cross border situations , and make proposals for appropriate legal framework to ensure legal certainty for businesses and consumers; asks especially for the commission to update its existing guidance document on directive 2011/83/eu4 (the consumer rights directive) to clarify whether it considers smart contracts to fall within the exemption of point (l) of article 3(2) , and if so under which circumstances , and to clarify the issue of the right to withdrawal; asks for guidance on cross-border transactions and on the existing rules regarding notarisation requirements;


### 8. stresses that any future legislative proposals should seek to remove current and prevent potentially new barriers in the supply of digital services by online platforms; underlines , at the same time , that new union obligations on platforms must be proportional and clear in nature in order to avoid unnecessary regulatory burdens or unnecessary restrictions; underlines the need to prevent gold-plating practices of union legislation by member states. ### 8. stresses that any future legislative proposals should seek to prevent potentially new unjustified barriers in the supply of digital services and innovation by online platforms while enhancing consumer protection , achieving sustainable and smart growth and address technological , connectivity challenges and ensuring that the digital single market is fair and safe for everyone; underlines , at the same time , that new union obligations on platforms must be proportional and clear in nature in order to avoid unnecessary regulatory burdens or unnecessary restrictions , ensuring a level playing field for companies , including smes a high level of protection for consumers , and protecting the health , safety and wellbeing of our citizens; stresses the importance and benefits of an harmonized regulatory framework of digital services across the union in the context of the digital single market and the need to establish a central regulatory authority that is responsible for the oversight and compliance with the digital services act and which has supplementary powers to tackle cross-border issues , as well as wield investigation and enforcement powers.


### 8. takes the firm position that the digital services act must not contain provisions forcing content hosting platforms to employ any form of fully automated ex-ante controls of content , and considers that any such mechanism voluntarily employed by platforms must be subject to audits by the european agency to ensure that there is compliance with the digital services act; ### 8. takes the firm position that the digital services act shall avoid provisions forcing content hosting platforms to employ fully automated ex-ante controls of content , unless otherwise specified in existing legal texts , and considers that any such mechanism voluntarily employed by platforms must be subject to audits by the european agency to ensure that there is compliance with the digital services act;


### d. whereas ex-post competition law enforcement alone cannot effectively address the impact of the market dominance of certain online platforms on fair competition in the digital single market; ### d. whereas ex-post competition law enforcement alone cannot effectively address the impact of the market power of certain online platforms on fair competition in the digital single market;


### e. whereas content hosting platforms evolved from involving the mere display of content into sophisticated bodies and market players , in particular in the case of social networks that harvest and exploit usage data; whereas users have reasonable grounds to expect fair terms for the usage of such platforms; ### e. whereas content hosting platforms evolved from involving the mere display of content into sophisticated bodies and market players , in particular in the case of social networks that harvest and exploit usage data; whereas users have reasonable grounds to expect fair terms for the usage of such platform and for the use that platforms make of the users’ data; ;


### g. whereas upholding the law in the digital world does not only involve effective enforcement of rights , but also , in particular , ensuring access to justice for all; whereas delegation of the taking of decisions regarding the legality of content or of law enforcement powers to private companies can undermine the right to a fair trial and risks not to provide an effective remedy; ### g. whereas upholding the law in the digital world does involve effective enforcement of fundamental rights , in particular , freedom of expression and information , privacy , safety and security , non-discrimination , respect to property , including intellectual property rights and ensuring access to justice for all;


### h. whereas content hosting platforms often employ automated content removal mechanisms that raise legitimate rule of law concerns , in particular when they are encouraged to employ such mechanisms pro-actively and voluntarily , resulting in content removal taking place without a clear legal basis , which is in contravention of article 10 of the european convention on human rights , stating that formalities , conditions , restrictions or penalties governing the exercise of freedom of expression and information must be prescribed by law; ### h. whereas content hosting platforms often employ automated content removal mechanisms that in some cases can raise legitimate rule of law concerns , in particular when they are not encouraged by union laws to employ such mechanisms pro-actively and voluntarily , resulting in content removal would take place without a clear legal basis;


### j. whereas the current business model of certain content hosting platforms is to promote content that is likely to attract the attention of users and therefore generate more profiling data in order to offer more effective targeted advertisements and thereby increase profit; whereas this profiling coupled with targeted advertisement often leads to the amplification of content based on addressing emotions , often giving rise to sensation in news feed and recommendation systems; ### j. whereas the current business model of certain content hosting platforms is to promote content that is likely to attract the attention of users and therefore generate more profiling data in order to offer more effective targeted advertisements and thereby increase profit; whereas this profiling coupled with targeted advertisement can lead to the amplification of content geared to emotions , often giving rise to the fuelling of sensationalism in news feed and recommendation systems;


### m. whereas dominant content hosting platforms make it possible for their users to use their profiles to log into third party websites , thereby allowing them to track their activities even outside their own platform environment , which constitutes a competitive advantage in access to data for content curation algorithms; ### m. whereas content hosting platforms with significant market power make it possible for their users to use their profiles to log into third party websites , thereby allowing them to track their activities even outside their own platform environment , which constitutes a competitive advantage in access to data for content curation algorithms;


### 10. is of the view that the use of targeted advertising must be regulated more strictly in favour of less intrusive forms of advertising that do not require extensive tracking of user interaction with content; ### 10. is of the view that the use of targeted advertising must be regulated more strictly in favour of less intrusive forms of advertising that do not require any tracking of user interaction with content;


### 11. recommends , therefore , that the digital services act set clear boundaries as regards the terms for accumulation of data for the purpose of targeted advertising , especially when data are tracked on third party websites; ### 11. recommends , therefore , that the digital services act set clear boundaries as regards the terms for accumulation of data for the purpose of targeted advertising , especially when data are tracked on third party websites and a phase-out prohibition on personalised advertisements , starting with minors;


### - the total number of notices received , ### - the total number of notices received and the action taken accordingly ,


### - users of content hosting platforms should be given the choice to opt in or out of receiving targeted advertisements. ### - users of content hosting platforms should be informed they are the object of targeted advertising , given access to their profile built by content hosting platforms and the possibility to modify it , and given the choice to opt in or out of receiving targeted advertisements.


### (4) given the detrimental effects of the fragmentation of the digital single market , the international character of content hosting and the dominant position of a few content hosting platforms located outside the union , the various issues that arise in respect of content hosting need to be regulated in a manner that entails full harmonisation and therefore by means of a regulation; ### (4) given the detrimental effects of the fragmentation of the digital single market , the international character of content hosting , the great amount of illegal or harmful uploaded content and the dominant position of a few content hosting platforms located outside the union , the various issues that arise in respect of content hosting need to be regulated in a manner that entails full harmonisation and therefore by means of a regulation;


### (4) given the detrimental effects of the fragmentation of the digital single market , the international character of content hosting and the dominant position of a few content hosting platforms located outside the union , the various issues that arise in respect of content hosting need to be regulated in a manner that entails full harmonisation and therefore by means of a regulation; ### (4) given the detrimental effects of the fragmentation of the digital single market , the international character of content hosting and the significant market power of a few content hosting platforms located outside the union , the various issues that arise in respect of content hosting need to be regulated in a manner that entails full harmonisation and therefore by means of a regulation;


### (9) this regulation should not contain provisions forcing content hosting platforms to employ any form of fully automated ex-ante control of content. ### (9) this regulation should avoid provisions forcing content hosting platforms to employ fully automated ex-ante control of content unless otherwise specified in existing legal texts.


### (12) after a notice has been issued , the uploader should be informed about it and in particular about the reason for the notice , be provided information about the procedure , including about appeal and referral to independent dispute settlement bodies , and about available remedies in the event of false notices. such information should , however , not be given if the content hosting platform has been informed by public authorities about ongoing law enforcement investigations. in such case , it should be for the relevant authorities to inform the uploader about the issue of a notice , in accordance with applicable rules. ### (12) after a notice has been issued , the uploader should be informed by the hosting platform about it and in particular about the reason for the notice and for the action taken , be provided information about the procedure , including about appeal and referral to independent dispute settlement bodies , and about available remedies in the event of false notices. such information should , however , not be given if the content hosting platform has been informed by public authorities about ongoing law enforcement investigations. in such case , it should be for the relevant authorities to inform the uploader about the issue of a notice , in accordance with applicable rules.


### (15) in order to ensure that users and notifiers to make use of referral to independent dispute settlement bodies as a first step , it must be emphasised that such referral should not preclude any subsequent court action. given that content hosting platforms which enjoy a dominant position on the market can particularly gain from the introduction of independent dispute settlement bodies , it is appropriate that they take responsibility for the financing of such bodies. ### (15) in order to ensure that users and notifiers to make use of referral to independent dispute settlement bodies as a first step , it must be emphasised that such referral should not preclude any subsequent court action. given that content hosting platforms which enjoy significant market power can particularly gain from the introduction of independent dispute settlement bodies , it is appropriate that they take responsibility for the financing of such bodies.


### this regulation applies to the management by content hosting platforms of content that is accessible on websites or through smart phone applications in the union , irrespective of the place of establishment or registration , or principal place of business of the content hosting platform. ### this regulation applies to the management by content hosting platforms of content that is accessible on websites or through smart device applications in the union , irrespective of the place of establishment or registration , or principal place of business of the content hosting platform.


### this regulation applies to the management by content hosting platforms of content that is accessible on websites or through smart phone applications in the union , irrespective of the place of establishment or registration , or principal place of business of the content hosting platform. ### this regulation applies to the management by content hosting platforms of content that is accessible on websites or through applications in the union , irrespective of the place of establishment or registration , or principal place of business of the content hosting platform.


### 3. content hosting platforms shall provide the users with sufficient information on their content curation profiles and the individual criteria according to which content hosting platforms curate content for them. ### 3. content hosting platforms shall provide the users with sufficient information on their content curation profiles and the individual criteria according to which content hosting platforms curate content for them , including if algorithms are used and their objectives.


### the deadline for the content hosting platform to take a decision; ### the deadline for the content hosting platform to expeditiously treat a notice and take a decision;


### the deadline for the content hosting platform to inform both parties about the outcome of the decision. ### the deadline for the content hosting platform to inform both parties about the outcome of the decision which should include a justification for the action taken


### upon a notice being issued , and before any decision on the content has been made , the uploader of the content in question shall receive the following information: ### upon a notice being issued , the uploader of the content in question shall receive the following information by the content hosting platform:


### the reason for the notice; ### the reason for the notice and for the action taken;


### 2. following a notice , content hosting platforms shall decide to remove , take down or make invisible content that was the subject of a notice , if such content does not comply with legal and regulatory requirements , community guidelines or terms and conditions. ### 2. following a notice , content hosting platforms shall decide to remove , take down or make invisible content that was the subject of a notice , if such content does not comply with legal and regulatory requirements , community guidelines or terms and conditions. the fact that a specific content has been declared as non-compliant and therefore been removed , taken down or made invisible shall by no means imply that similar content by another user can in the future be automatically removed , taken down or made invisible.


### 2. following a notice , content hosting platforms shall decide to remove , take down or make invisible content that was the subject of a notice , if such content does not comply with legal and regulatory requirements , community guidelines or terms and conditions. ### 2. following a notice , content hosting platforms shall remove , take down or make invisible content that was the subject of a notice , if such content does not comply with legal and regulatory requirements , community guidelines or terms and conditions.


### without prejudice to judicial or administrative orders regarding content online , content that has been the subject of a notice shall remain visible until a final decision has been taken regarding its removal or takedown. ### without prejudice to judicial or administrative orders regarding content online , content that has been taken down subject to a valid notice related to the legality of the content , shall remain down until a final decision has been taken in case of appeal by the uploader. on the contrary , content that has been subject to a notice related to its harmfulness , shall remain visible until a final decision has been taken regarding its removal or takedown.


### 4. content hosting platforms that enjoy a dominant position on the market shall contribute financially to the operating costs of the independent dispute settlement bodies through a dedicated fund. ### 4. content hosting platforms that enjoy significant market power shall contribute financially to the operating costs of the independent dispute settlement bodies through a dedicated fund.


### a. whereas an agreement with the uk must ensure a balance of rights and obligations , respect the full integrity of the eu’s internal market and customs union , and guarantee a level playing field; ### a. whereas an agreement with the uk must ensure a balance of rights and obligations , respect the full integrity of the eu’s internal market and customs union , and guarantee a level playing field; whereas a non-member of the union , that does not live up to the same obligations as a member , cannot have the same rights and enjoy the same benefits as a member;


### a. whereas an agreement with the uk must ensure a balance of rights and obligations , respect the full integrity of the eu’s internal market and customs union , and guarantee a level playing field; ### a. whereas an agreement with the uk must ensure a balance of rights and obligations , respect the full integrity of the eu’s internal market and customs union , guarantee a level playing field , and ensure consumer protection;


### a. whereas a third country cannot have the same rights and enjoy the same benefits as a member; whereas the union should consider uk participation in union and euratom programmes having the union’s interest first in mind; whereas any decision on uk participation in such programmes should take account of all relevant aspects of the envisaged partnership , since that partnership should form a coherent structure; ### a. whereas a third country cannot have the same rights and enjoy the same benefits as a member; whereas the union should consider uk participation in union and euratom programmes having the union’s interest first in mind; whereas any decision on uk participation in such programmes should take account of all relevant aspects of the envisaged partnership , since that partnership should form a coherent structure; whereas the participation of uk at certain programs of special interest for the eu and member states and has to correspond to specific criteria;


### a. whereas a third country cannot have the same rights and enjoy the same benefits as a member; whereas the union should consider uk participation in union and euratom programmes having the union’s interest first in mind; whereas any decision on uk participation in such programmes should take account of all relevant aspects of the envisaged partnership , since that partnership should form a coherent structure; ### a. whereas a third country cannot have the same rights and enjoy the same benefits as a member; whereas the union should consider uk participation in union and euratom programmes bearing in mind the strategic and financial interests of the union and its citizens; whereas any decision on uk participation in such programmes should take account of all relevant aspects of the envisaged partnership , since that partnership should form a coherent structure;


### a. whereas cohesion policy is a key instrument that ensures solidarity between european regions in exchange for the opportunities afforded by the internal market; whereas if regions are to access the internal market , they must make a contribution to the cohesion funds – as is the case for european economic area (eea) countries; ### a. whereas cohesion policy is a key instrument that ensures solidarity between european regions in exchange for the opportunities afforded by the internal market; whereas if regions are to access the internal market , they must make a contribution to the cohesion funds – as is the case for european economic area (eea) countries; whereas besides the required contribution to the cohesion funds , the regions must respect the horizontal policies incorporated into the eea agreement;


### a. whereas cohesion policy is a key instrument that ensures solidarity between european regions in exchange for the opportunities afforded by the internal market; whereas if regions are to access the internal market , they must make a contribution to the cohesion funds – as is the case for european economic area (eea) countries; ### a. whereas cohesion policy is a key instrument that ensures solidarity between all eu regions in exchange for the opportunities afforded by the internal market; whereas if regions are to access the internal market , they must make a contribution to the cohesion funds – as is the case for european economic area (eea) countries;


### a. whereas the eu mandate , adopted by the council on 25 february , lays the groundwork for a comprehensive new partnership forming a coherent structure and an overall governance framework; ### a. whereas the political declaration is the yardstick for the negotiations and establishes the parameters of an ambitious , broad , deep and flexible partnership across trade and economic cooperation with a comprehensive and balanced free trade agreement at its core , law enforcement and criminal justice , foreign policy , security and defence and wider areas of cooperation; whereas the eu mandate , adopted by the council on 25 february on that basis , constitutes the negotiating framework that envisages a strong and comprehensive partnership between the eu and the uk , forming a coherent structure and an overall governance framework; whereas the eu will not accept the uk's piecemeal approach , which seeks to negotiate a series of separate , self-standing agreements;


### 1. strongly reiterates that the withdrawal agreement must be fully implemented in all its parts by both sides , while this can be a strong indicator of the good faith in which the negotiations on the future agreement will be conducted; ### 1. strongly reiterates that the withdrawal agreement , including the protocol on ireland/northern ireland , must be fully implemented in all its parts by both sides , while this can be a strong indicator of the good faith in which the negotiations on the future agreement will be conducted;


### 1. stresses that the envisaged partnership should provide continued connectivity for all modes of transport subject to reciprocity and should ensure a level playing field , in particular with regard to social , employment and environmental standards; ### 1. stresses that the envisaged partnership should provide continued connectivity for all modes of transport subject to reciprocity and should ensure a level playing field , in particular with regard to social , employment , safety , environmental standards as well as state aid;


### 1. considers that the uk should be invited to contribute to the cohesion funds if it wishes to participate in the internal market , in accordance with the model for eea countries; ### 1. considers that the uk should be invited to contribute to the cohesion funds if it wishes to participate in the internal market , in accordance with the model already applied to eea countries;


### 1. recalls its resolution of 15 january 2020 on implementing and monitoring the provisions on citizens’ rights in the withdrawal agreement1 , reiterating that the full implementation of the withdrawal agreement remains an overriding priority; ### 1. recalls its resolution of 15 january 2020 on implementing and monitoring the provisions on citizens’ rights in the withdrawal agreement1 , reiterating that the full implementation of the withdrawal agreement remains an overriding priority; stresses that the full implementation of the withdrawal agreement , including the protocol on northern ireland , is a pre-requisite and a basic element for a future partnership between the eu and the uk;


### 1. recalls its resolution of 15 january 2020 on implementing and monitoring the provisions on citizens’ rights in the withdrawal agreement1 , reiterating that the full implementation of the withdrawal agreement remains an overriding priority; ### 1. recalls its resolution of 15 january 2020 on implementing and monitoring the provisions on citizens’ rights in the withdrawal agreement1 , reiterating that the full implementation of the withdrawal agreement remains an overriding priority , as well as mutual protection for union citizens and also for the ressortissants of the united kingdom;


### 1. recalls its resolutions of 15 january 2020 on implementing and monitoring the provisions on citizens’ rights in the withdrawal agreement1 and of 12 february 2020 on the proposed mandate for negotiations for a new partnership with the united kingdom of great britain and northern ireland2 ; takes note of the fact that the negotiations on the future relationship are still at a very early stage , and underlines the major impact of the coronavirus crisis on this process and its timetable; ### 1. recalls its resolutions of 15 january 2020 on implementing and monitoring the provisions on citizens’ rights in the withdrawal agreement1 and of 12 february 2020 on the proposed mandate for negotiations for a new partnership with the united kingdom of great britain and northern ireland2 ; takes note of the fact that the negotiations on the future relationship are still at a very early stage , and underlines the major impact of the coronavirus crisis on this process and its timetable; invites the uk to prioritise the coordination with the eu of the measures needed to respond to the covid 19 crisis;


### 2. believes that the new agreement should take into account the needs of the regions affected by brexit , especially those sharing a land or sea border with the uk , such as the border regions of ireland and the coastal regions along the channel and the north sea; ### 2. believes that the new agreement should take into account the needs of the regions affected by brexit , especially those sharing a land or sea border with the uk , such as the border regions of ireland and the coastal regions along the channel and the north sea; recalls the need for an assessment of the impact of brexit on small and medium-sized enterprises operating in territories that share a land or sea border with the uk;


### 4. raises concern about the uk’s position on the future partnership with the eu , and thus emphasises that rights and privileges entail obligations and that the level of access to the eu single market should fully correspond to the extent of regulatory convergence and commitments agreed with respect to observing a level playing field for open and fair competition with a view to dynamic alignment; ### 4. raises concern about the uk’s position on the future partnership with the eu , and thus emphasises that rights and privileges entail obligations and that the level of access to the eu single market should fully correspond to the extent of regulatory convergence and commitments agreed with respect to observing a level playing field for open and fair competition;


### 4. stresses that , whatever solution is found for cohesion funding in other regions , it is of the utmost importance that the peace programme continue to operate in northern ireland and the border regions of ireland , administered autonomously by the special eu programmes body; ### 4. stresses that it is of the utmost importance that the peace programme continue to operate in northern ireland and the border regions of ireland , administered autonomously by the special eu programmes body;


### 4. expresses concern about the progress of negotiations , including the cancellation of two negotiation rounds planned during the covid-19 confinement period as well as the resumption thereof as of 20 april; notes , that , according to the information received from the european commission’s task force for relations with the united kingdom , despite a first exchange on the issues of security , law enforcement and judicial cooperation in criminal matters , data protection and citizens’ rights , as well as irregular migration and asylum , that took place during the second round of the negotiations , no significant progress has been achieved; recalls that , pursuant to article 132 of the withdrawal agreement , the transition period may be extended by a single decision of the joint committee before 1 july 2020; takes into account that the uk government , during the second negotiation round , stressed its intention not to request an extension of the transition period; is deeply concerned about the chances of finalising negotiations on all the essential matters at stake by the end of the year , in view , notably , of the current context of the covid-19 pandemic and the slow progress achieved so far; calls on the negotiating partners to make every effort to advance on all areas of the negotiations in parallel , including the most difficult areas , and to adopt a comprehensive negotiating strategy; ### 4. expresses concern about the progress of negotiations , including the cancellation of two negotiation rounds planned during the covid-19 confinement period as well as the resumption thereof as of 20 april; notes , that , according to the information received from the european commission’s task force for relations with the united kingdom , despite a first exchange on the issues of security , law enforcement and judicial cooperation in criminal matters , data protection and citizens’ rights , as well as migration and asylum , that took place during the second round of the negotiations , no significant progress has been achieved; recalls that , pursuant to article 132 of the withdrawal agreement , the transition period may be extended by a single decision of the joint committee before 1 july 2020; takes into account that the uk government , during the second negotiation round , stressed its intention not to request an extension of the transition period; is deeply concerned about the chances of finalising negotiations on all the essential matters at stake by the end of the year , in view , notably , of the current context of the covid-19 pandemic and the slow progress achieved so far; calls on the negotiating partners to make every effort to advance on all areas of the negotiations in parallel , including the most difficult areas , and to adopt a comprehensive negotiating strategy;


### 6. considers that the envisaged partnership should include an ambitious comprehensive air transport agreement which ensures the eu’s strategic interests; ### 6. considers that the envisaged partnership should include an ambitious comprehensive air transport agreement which ensures the eu’s strategic interests; containing appropriate provisions related to the access to the market and investment included in the most ambitious union bilateral agreements , provided that it is in the union's interest and respects a balance of rights and obligations;


### 6. recalls , in the context of financial services , that passporting rights , which are based on mutual recognition and harmonised prudential rules in the internal market , will cease to apply between the eu and the uk at the end of the transitional period; underlines that , thereafter , access to the european financial market must be based on equivalence decisions made within the eu’s legal framework; ### 6. recalls , in the context of financial services , that passporting rights , which are based on mutual recognition and harmonised prudential rules in the internal market , will cease to apply between the eu and the uk at the end of the transitional period; underlines that , thereafter , access to the european financial market must be based on equivalence decisions made within the eu’s legal framework; recalls that eu legislation already provides for the possibility , in some areas , to consider third-country rules as equivalent based on a proportional and risk-based approach; notes , in this regard , that an assessment of the equivalence of uk’s financial regulation will be made by the eu and notes that the european commission is the institution responsible to guarantee such equivalence is maintained over time; recalls that the eu can withdraw unilaterally the status of equivalent at any moment;


### 6. recalls , in the context of financial services , that passporting rights , which are based on mutual recognition and harmonised prudential rules in the internal market , will cease to apply between the eu and the uk at the end of the transitional period; underlines that , thereafter , access to the european financial market must be based on equivalence decisions made within the eu’s legal framework; ### 6. recalls , in the context of financial services , that passporting rights , which are based on mutual recognition and harmonised prudential rules in the internal market , will cease to apply between the eu and the uk at the end of the transitional period; underlines that the future agreement should include reciprocal arrangements on mutually beneficial market access for financial services , ensuring a level playing field; stresses that if no such reciprocal arrangement can be found , access to the european financial market must be based on equivalence decisions made within the eu’s legal framework;


### 6. recalls , in the context of financial services , that passporting rights , which are based on mutual recognition and harmonised prudential rules in the internal market , will cease to apply between the eu and the uk at the end of the transitional period; underlines that , thereafter , access to the european financial market must be based on equivalence decisions made within the eu’s legal framework; ### 6. recalls , in the context of financial services , that passporting rights , which are based on mutual recognition and harmonised prudential rules in the internal market , will cease to apply between the eu and the uk at the end of the transitional period; underlines that , thereafter , access to the european financial market must be based on equivalence decisions made within the eu’s legal framework; recalls that the commission is currently updating its methodology for identifying high risk third countries under article 9 of directive (eu) 2015/849 , the 5th money laundering directive; notes that the uk is not within the scope of this list under the transition period; urges that the uk with its overseas territories continuously commits to the eu framework on aml/cft after the transition period;


### 6. recalls , in the context of financial services , that passporting rights , which are based on mutual recognition and harmonised prudential rules in the internal market , will cease to apply between the eu and the uk at the end of the transitional period; underlines that , thereafter , access to the european financial market must be based on equivalence decisions made within the eu’s legal framework; ### 6. recalls , in the context of financial services , that passporting rights , which are based on mutual recognition and harmonised prudential rules in the internal market , will cease to apply between the eu and the uk at the end of the transitional period; underlines that , thereafter , access to the european financial market must be based on equivalence decisions made within the eu’s legal framework; stresses that , as equivalence regimes cover only part of the activities enabled from passports for eu firms , brexit could result in cross-border business being limited between eu and uk; thus calls for arrangements to enable a level-playing field in this sector;


### 6. recalls , in the context of financial services , that passporting rights , which are based on mutual recognition and harmonised prudential rules in the internal market , will cease to apply between the eu and the uk at the end of the transitional period; underlines that , thereafter , access to the european financial market must be based on equivalence decisions made within the eu’s legal framework; ### 6. recalls , in the context of financial services , that passporting rights , which are based on mutual recognition and harmonised prudential rules in the internal market , will cease to apply between the eu and the uk at the end of the transitional period; underlines that , thereafter , access to the european financial market must be based on equivalence decisions made within the eu’s legal framework , as well as on reciprocity principle to grant the eu financial institutions an undisturbed access to appropriate market infrastructure , including ccps , in the uk;


### 7. defends the need to extend the transition period in order to allow enough time to conclude the negotiations on a comprehensive future partnership , while safeguarding citizens’ rights , legal certainty and economic and financial stability. ### 7. defends the need to extend the transition period , especially in light of the current economic , social and health crisis caused by the coronavirus; in order to allow enough time to conclude the negotiations on a comprehensive future partnership , while safeguarding citizens’ rights , legal certainty and economic and financial stability.


### 12. considers that the envisaged partnership should include the right of transit of laden journeys from the territory of one party to the territory of the same party through the territory of the other party; ### 12. considers that the envisaged partnership should include the right of transit of laden journeys from the territory of one party to the territory of the same party through the territory of the other party , as well as the right to cabotage operations on the territory of the respective other party , based on the principle of reciprocity.


### 12. considers that the envisaged partnership should include the right of transit of laden journeys from the territory of one party to the territory of the same party through the territory of the other party; ### 12. considers that the envisaged partnership should include the right of transit of laden and unladen journeys from the territory of one party to the territory of the same party through the territory of the other party;


### 13. considers that the envisaged partnership should include a level playing field in the areas of , in particular , work and rest time , tachographs , weights and dimensions; ### 13. considers that the envisaged partnership should include a level playing field in the areas of , in particular , work and rest time , tachographs , weights and dimensions; as well as specific provisions to ensure a common level of protection in relation to operators and drivers , including social rules;


### 13. considers that the envisaged partnership should include a level playing field in the areas of , in particular , work and rest time , tachographs , weights and dimensions; ### 13. considers that the envisaged partnership should include a level playing field in the areas of , in particular , work , driving , break and rest time , tachographs , vehicle weights and dimensions;


### 16. stresses that the envisaged partnership should ensure access for the international maritime transport sector with an appropriate level playing field. ### 16. stresses that the envisaged partnership should ensure free and equal market access for the international maritime transport sector with an appropriate level playing field in the fiscal , environmental , social and other regulatory domains. the partnership should include continued reciprocal market access to the offshore sector and domestic trade. if the eu decides to open access to intra-eu cabotage , the uk must also allow eu member states to allow short sea shipping between two uk ports.


### 16. stresses that the envisaged partnership should ensure access for the international maritime transport sector with an appropriate level playing field. ### 16. stresses that the envisaged partnership should ensure access for the international maritime transport sector with an appropriate level playing field while maintaining safety , inspection and environmental standards;


### b. whereas any uk participation in union and euratom programmes should respect all relevant rules and mechanisms and conditions of participation , as laid down in the corresponding legal bases; whereas , as a consequence and among other aspects , a fair balance as regards uk contributions and benefits should be ensured and the uk cannot enjoy decisional power on any programme; ### b. whereas any uk participation in union and euratom programmes should respect all relevant rules and mechanisms and conditions of participation , as laid down in the corresponding legal bases; whereas , as a consequence and among other aspects , a fair balance as regards uk contributions and benefits should be ensured and the uk cannot enjoy decisional power on any programme; whereas the uk has to respect its financial commitments towards the eu for the current multiannual financial framework and the n+3 rule;


### b. whereas any uk participation in union and euratom programmes should respect all relevant rules and mechanisms and conditions of participation , as laid down in the corresponding legal bases; whereas , as a consequence and among other aspects , a fair balance as regards uk contributions and benefits should be ensured and the uk cannot enjoy decisional power on any programme; ### b. whereas any uk participation in union and euratom programmes should respect all relevant rules and mechanisms and conditions of participation , as laid down in the corresponding legal bases; whereas , as a consequence and among other aspects , a fair balance as regards uk contributions and benefits should be ensured and the uk , as a third country , cannot enjoy decisional power on any programme;


### b. whereas many regions of the eu will be negatively affected by the creation of new barriers to trade between the eu and the uk , particularly those sharing a land or sea border with the uk , and will thus require additional support from cohesion funds; ### b. whereas many regions of the eu will be negatively affected by the creation of new barriers to trade and to the movement of people between the eu and the uk , particularly those sharing a land or sea border with the uk , and will thus require additional support from cohesion funds;


### d. whereas in its mandate the uk states that it will consider participation in elements of erasmus+ on a time-limited basis; ### d. whereas in its mandate the uk states that it will consider participation in elements of erasmus+ on a time-limited basis; recommends the participation of uk a the erasmus+ program under similar conditions as during membership;


### d. whereas cohesion funding is of special importance to northern ireland and the border regions of ireland , as the peace programme has played a key role in community reconciliation and peacebuilding; ### d. whereas cohesion funding is of special importance to northern ireland and the border regions of ireland , as the peace programme has played a key role in community reconciliation and peacebuilding; whereas the peace programme has connected thousands of people through cross-border activities , including support for the development of small and medium-sized enterprises , for community-based organisations that lead projects on reconciliation and cultural understanding , and for cross-border projects focusing on skills , learning and training;


### take the necessary action to ensure that the general principles , terms and conditions to be established as part of the envisaged partnership in relation to participation in union and euratom programmes include the requirement for the uk to make a fair and appropriate financial contribution to any programmes in which it takes part; ### take the necessary action to ensure that the general principles , terms and conditions to be established as part of the envisaged partnership in relation to participation in union and euratom programmes include the requirement for the uk to make a fair and appropriate financial contribution to any programmes in which it takes part conditioned that the uk respects the financial commitments for the current financial framework and the n+3 rule;


### not accept piecemeal uk participation in erasmus+ or participation for a period shorter than the full length of the programme under the mff; ### not accept piecemeal uk participation in erasmus+ or any other eu programme , and ensure full compliance with applicable eu legislation and principles such as the free movement for people and to not accept participation for a period shorter than the full length of any programme under the mff;


### not accept piecemeal uk participation in erasmus+ or participation for a period shorter than the full length of the programme under the mff; ### the uk participation in erasmus+ will be conditioned by the full-length participation at the programme under the mff under similar conditions as the current ones;


### assess and prepare for all possible scenarios , including the extension of the transition period , in order to ensure the sound financial management of the union budget. ### assess and prepare for all possible scenarios , including the extension of the transition period , in order to ensure the sound financial management of the union budget; shall the transition period be extended , demands that , as of 2021 , the uk will not participate as a member state in the mff , it will take part in eu programmes as a third country and will have to pay a financial contribution to the eu budget for its participation in the single market , whose amount will be decided by the joint committee established under the withdrawal agreement;


### c. whereas even if the uk is a third country , it would be advantageous for interreg programmes between eu and uk regions to continue; ### c. whereas even if the uk is a third country , it would be advantageous for the eu as well as for the uk for interreg programmes to continue;


### e. whereas the withdrawal of the uk without a subsequent agreement on its future relationship with the eu would have disruptive effects , creating a significant burden for public finances in the eu; whereas such a failure to reach an agreement on future eu-uk relations would justify activating the solidarity principle; whereas parliament has already approved activating the solidarity principle in such a scenario; ### deleted


### 5. recalls the importance of extending the scope of the european union solidarity fund to cover a part of the additional public expenditure incurred in preparation for , or as a consequence of , the end of the transition period without a subsequent agreement on the uk’s future relationship with the eu; calls on the commission to put forward a proposal on the matter , mirroring the proposal previously made to cover a failure to ratify the withdrawal agreement , which was approved by parliament on 24 october 20191 . ### deleted


### 5. believes it to be in both parties’ mutual interests to establish an ambitious future economic partnership covering a wide number of sectors; underlines that , in any case , a level playing field must be ensured and eu standards safeguarded in order to avoid a ‘race to the bottom’ and the acquisition of unfair competitive advantages through the undercutting of levels of protection or other regulatory divergences; considers that any future framework should safeguard fair competition , investor and consumer protection , and the integrity of the single market , while respecting the eu’s regulatory regime and decision-making autonomy; ### 5. believes it to be in both parties’ mutual interests to establish an ambitious and reliable future economic partnership covering a wide number of sectors; underlines that , in any case , a level playing field must be ensured and eu standards safeguarded in order to avoid a ‘race to the bottom’ and the acquisition of unfair competitive advantages through the undercutting of levels of protection or other regulatory divergences; considers that any future framework should safeguard fair competition , investor and consumer protection , and the integrity of the single market , while respecting the eu’s regulatory regime and decision-making autonomy;


### 5. believes it to be in both parties’ mutual interests to establish an ambitious future economic partnership covering a wide number of sectors; underlines that , in any case , a level playing field must be ensured and eu standards safeguarded in order to avoid a ‘race to the bottom’ and the acquisition of unfair competitive advantages through the undercutting of levels of protection or other regulatory divergences; considers that any future framework should safeguard fair competition , investor and consumer protection , and the integrity of the single market , while respecting the eu’s regulatory regime and decision-making autonomy; ### 5. believes it to be in both parties’ mutual interests to establish an ambitious future economic partnership covering a wide number of sectors; underlines that , in any case , a level playing field must be ensured and eu standards safeguarded in order to avoid a ‘race to the bottom’ and the acquisition of unfair competitive advantages through the undercutting of levels of protection or other regulatory divergences; calls also for a commitment to common efforts to fight tax evasion , tax avoidance and harmful tax practises with the uk being held to the same standards after the transition period as a third country as its overseas territories currently are held; considers that any future framework should safeguard fair competition , investor and consumer protection , and the integrity of the single market , while respecting the eu’s regulatory regime and decision-making autonomy;


### 5. believes it to be in both parties’ mutual interests to establish an ambitious future economic partnership covering a wide number of sectors; underlines that , in any case , a level playing field must be ensured and eu standards safeguarded in order to avoid a ‘race to the bottom’ and the acquisition of unfair competitive advantages through the undercutting of levels of protection or other regulatory divergences; considers that any future framework should safeguard fair competition , investor and consumer protection , and the integrity of the single market , while respecting the eu’s regulatory regime and decision-making autonomy; ### 5. believes it to be in both parties’ mutual interests to establish an ambitious future economic partnership covering a wide number of sectors; underlines that , in any case , a level playing field must be ensured and eu standards safeguarded in order to avoid a ‘race to the bottom’ and the acquisition of unfair competitive advantages through the undercutting of levels of protection or other regulatory divergences; considers that any future framework should safeguard fair competition , investor and consumer protection , transparency in the promotion and support given to knowledge industries , and the integrity of the single market , while respecting the eu’s regulatory regime and decision-making autonomy;


### 5. believes it to be in both parties’ mutual interests to establish an ambitious future economic partnership covering a wide number of sectors; underlines that , in any case , a level playing field must be ensured and eu standards safeguarded in order to avoid a ‘race to the bottom’ and the acquisition of unfair competitive advantages through the undercutting of levels of protection or other regulatory divergences; considers that any future framework should safeguard fair competition , investor and consumer protection , and the integrity of the single market , while respecting the eu’s regulatory regime and decision-making autonomy; ### 5. believes it to be in both parties’ mutual interests to establish an ambitious future economic partnership covering a wide number of sectors; underlines that , in any case , a level playing field must be ensured and eu standards safeguarded in order to avoid a ‘race to the bottom’ and the acquisition of unfair competitive advantages through the undercutting of levels of protection or other regulatory divergences; considers that any future framework should safeguard fair competition , investor and consumer protection , and the integrity of the single market , while respecting the eu’s regulatory regime and decision-making autonomy; underlines the importance of maintaining close and structured cooperation on regulatory and supervisory matters , at both political and technical levels;


### 5. believes it to be in both parties’ mutual interests to establish an ambitious future economic partnership covering a wide number of sectors; underlines that , in any case , a level playing field must be ensured and eu standards safeguarded in order to avoid a ‘race to the bottom’ and the acquisition of unfair competitive advantages through the undercutting of levels of protection or other regulatory divergences; considers that any future framework should safeguard fair competition , investor and consumer protection , and the integrity of the single market , while respecting the eu’s regulatory regime and decision-making autonomy; ### 5. believes it to be in both parties’ mutual interests to establish an ambitious future economic partnership covering a wide number of sectors; underlines that , in any case , a level playing field must be ensured and eu standards safeguarded in order to avoid a ‘race to the bottom’ and the acquisition of unfair competitive advantages through the undercutting of levels of protection or other regulatory divergences; considers that any future framework should safeguard fair competition , investor and consumer protection , and the integrity of the single market , while respecting the eu’s regulatory regime and decision-making autonomy; calls in this context for a robust and comprehensive framework for state aid control that prevents distortions for trade and competition; calls furthermore for strong chapters on competition , state owned enterprises , taxation and labour and social protection guaranteeing non-regression of the current level of protection and standards; believes that both the eu and uk must commit to and implement the principles of good governance in the area of taxation , including the global standards on transparency and exchange of information , fair taxation , and the oecd standards against base erosion and profit shifting (beps); underlines that both the eu and uk should promote good governance in tax matters , improve international cooperation in the area of taxation and facilitate the collection of tax revenues;


### a. whereas artificial intelligence (“ai”) and other emerging digital technologies have the potential to transform our societies and economies for the better; nonetheless , it is impossible to completely exclude the possibility of damage , injury or loss of life resulting from the operation of such technologies; ### a. whereas artificial intelligence (“ai”) and other emerging digital technologies have the potential to transform our societies and economies for the better; nonetheless , it is impossible to completely exclude the possibility of damage , injury or loss of life resulting from the improper use of such technologies;


### a. whereas the concept of ‘liability’ plays an important double role in our daily life: on the one hand , it ensures that a person who has suffered harm or damage is entitled to claim compensation from the party proven to be liable for that harm or damage , and on the other hand , it provides the economic incentives for natural and legal persons to avoid causing harm or damage in the first place; ### a. whereas the concept of ‘liability’ plays an important double role in our daily life: on the one hand , it ensures that a person who has suffered harm or damage is entitled to claim compensation from the party proven to be liable for that harm or damage , and on the other hand , it provides the incentives for natural and legal persons to avoid causing harm or damage in the first place and discourages irresponsible behaviour;


### b. whereas ai in transport is driving the evolution of the next generation of it systems and its application involves using many types of technologies such as autonomous vehicles and traffic management solutions; ### b. whereas ai in transport is driving the evolution of the next generation of it systems and its application involves using many types of technologies such as autonomous vehicles and smart traffic management solutions;


### b. whereas any future-orientated liability framework has to strike a balance between efficiently protecting potential victims of harm or damage and at the same time , providing enough leeway to make the development of new technologies , products or services possible; whereas ultimately , the goal of any liability framework should be to provide legal certainty for all parties , whether it be the producer , the deployer , the affected person or any other third party; ### b. whereas any future-orientated liability framework has to ensure that affected persons are appropriately protected against damage and that they are able to claim for compensation in all cases where this seems justified , the goal of any liability framework should be to provide legal certainty for all parties , whether it be the producer , the manufacturer , the developer , the programmer , the backend operator , the frontend operator , the affected person or any other third party;


### c. whereas the union liability framework is complemented by national liability regimes and both should reflect the complexity of emerging technologies in order to provide the same level of protection while maintaining a balance with the needs of technological innovation; ### c. whereas the union liability framework is complemented by national liability regimes and both should reflect the complexity of emerging technologies in order to guarantee the highest level of protection while supporting technological innovation; whereas the union lacks a harmonized civil liability regime for ai products.


### d. whereas union and national legislation should ensure high product safety both ex ante and throughout a product’s life cycle , while facilitating the compensation of victims ex post; ### d. whereas union and national legislation should ensure high product and service safety both ex ante and throughout a product’s life cycle , while facilitating the compensation of victims ex post;


### d. whereas the legal system of a member state can exclude liability for certain actors or can make it stricter for certain activities; whereas strict liability means that a party can be liable despite the absence of fault; whereas in many national tort laws , the defendant is held strictly liable if a risk materializes which that defendant has created for the public , such as in the form of cars or hazardous activities , or which he cannot control , like animals; ### d. whereas the legal system of a member state can exclude liability for certain actors or can make it stricter for certain activities; whereas strict liability means that a party can be liable despite the absence of fault; whereas in many national tort laws , the defendant is held strictly liable if a risk materializes which that defendant has created for the public , such as in the form of cars or hazardous activities , or which he cannot control , like animals; whereas strict liability lies on the person that has control over the risks of the operation or is responsible for them;


### 1. underlines that ai can be applied at different levels in vehicles and has an important impact on their autonomy and consequently on civil liability; ### 1. underlines that ai can be applied at different levels in vehicles and on transport infrastructure and has an important impact on their autonomy and consequently on civil liability; calls for eu wide clear definitions for all types of vehicles and infrastructure running ai software and a corresponding risk classification to support a liability mechanism in clarifying issues of responsibility.


### 3. stresses the importance of defining a clear division of responsibilities between software developers , manufacturers of various components , service providers and operators and end users; ### 3. stresses the importance of defining a clear division of responsibilities between software developers , manufacturers of various components , service providers and operators and end users , as well as upholding the rights of consumers and ensuring that they know exactly who to contact;


### 4. underlines that for ai-related applications with a specific high-risk profile , there is a need for a risk-based approach depending on the levels of automation; ### 4. underlines that for ai-related applications with a specific high-risk profile , there is a need for a risk-based approach depending on the levels of automation; recalls the need for mandatory legal requirements for ai applications in high risk sectors in transport as noted in the ec white paper on ai1a;highlights the need for such requirements to be commonly harmonised across the eu to ensure the highest level of product safety and the minimum level of risk for users while operating ai systems.


### 4. underlines that for ai-related applications with a specific high-risk profile , there is a need for a risk-based approach depending on the levels of automation; ### 4. underlines that for ai-related applications with a specific high-risk profile , there is a need for a risk-based approach depending on the levels of automation; stresses the need for a suitable approach to data protection also;


### 5. recommends that when an operator has a higher degree of control than the owner or user of an actual product or service equipped with ai , that operator is best positioned to manage the risks and should therefore be held liable; notes that each obligation should rest on the actor who is best placed to address the risk; ### 5. recommends that when an operator has a higher degree of control than the owner or user of an actual product or service equipped with ai , that operator is best positioned to manage the risks and should therefore be accountable; notes that each obligation should rest on the actor who is best placed to address the risk;


### 5. believes that there is no need for a complete revision of the well-functioning liability regimes but that the complexity , connectivity , opacity , vulnerability and autonomy of ai-systems nevertheless represent a significant challenge; considers that specific adjustments are necessary to avoid a situation in which persons who suffer harm or whose property is damaged end up without compensation; ### 5. believes that there is no need for a complete revision of the well-functioning liability regimes but that the complexity , connectivity , opacity , vulnerability modification through updates , self-learning and autonomy of ai-systems nevertheless represent a significant challenge; considers that specific adjustments are necessary to avoid a situation in which persons who suffer material or non-material harm or damage whose property is damaged end up without compensation;


### 6. emphasises the need to guarantee the same level of product safety as that currently existing , to ease the remedy to victims of accidents , to avoid increasing current litigation costs; and to avoid legal uncertainty , especially for businesses that are marketing their products in the eu and globally; ### 6. emphasises the need to guarantee the highest level of product safety , to ease the remedy to victims of accidents , to avoid increasing current litigation costs; and to avoid legal uncertainty , especially for businesses that are marketing their products in the eu and globally; reminds that under current product safety regulations , the producer remains liable unless proven otherwise , while the burden of proof is on the producer; stresses that this principle should be equally applied to ai products;


### 6. notes that all physical or virtual activities , devices or processes that are driven by ai-systems may technically be the direct or indirect cause of harm or damage , yet are always the result of someone building , deploying or interfering with the systems; is of the opinion that the opacity and autonomy of ai-systems could make it in practice very difficult or even impossible to trace back specific harmful actions of the ai-systems to specific human input or to decisions in the design; recalls that , in accordance with widely-accepted liability concepts , one is nevertheless able to circumvent this obstacle by making the persons who create , maintain or control the risk associated with the ai-system , accountable; ### 6. notes that all physical or virtual activities , devices or processes that are driven by ai-systems may technically be the direct or indirect cause of harm or damage , yet are always the result of someone building , deploying or interfering with the systems; is of the opinion that the opacity and autonomy of ai-systems could make it in practice very difficult or even impossible to trace back specific harmful actions of the ai-systems to specific human input or to decisions in the design; recalls that this constraint has an even greater impact on the affected person for whom it is impossible to establish causality between the damage and a prior act or omission; stresses that , in accordance with widely-accepted liability concepts , one is nevertheless able to circumvent this obstacle by making the persons who create , maintain or control the risk associated with the ai-system , accountable;


### 7. stresses the importance of ensuring that drivers are always fully aware of a vehicle’s level of automation and their level of liability: drivers should be informed about their vehicles’ ai systems and related limitations of such systems such as activation , deactivation , failure; moreover , in-vehicle features should periodically remind the driver that he or she is in charge of monitoring the vehicle status; ### 7. stresses the importance of ensuring that drivers are properly trained and always fully aware of a vehicle’s level of automation and their level of liability: drivers should be informed about their vehicles’ ai systems and related limitations of such systems such as activation , deactivation , failure; moreover , in-vehicle features should periodically remind the driver that he or she is in charge of monitoring the vehicle status;


### 7. considers that the product liability directive (pld) has proven to be an effective means of getting compensation for harm triggered by a defective product; hence , notes that it should also be used with regard to civil liability claims against the producer of a defective ai-system , when the ai-system qualifies as a product under that directive; if legislative adjustments to the pld are necessary , they should be discussed during a review of that directive; is of the opinion that , for the purpose of legal certainty throughout the union , the ‘backend operator’ should fall under the same liability rules as the producer , manufacturer and developer; ### 7. considers that the product liability directive (pld) has for over 30 years proven to be an effective means of getting compensation for harm triggered by a defective product; hence , notes that because it should also be used with regard to civil liability claims against the producer of a defective ai-system , the directive needs to be updated to include ai systems; underlines that legislative adjustments to the pld are necessary , they should be discussed during a review of that directive; notes that the ‘backend operator’ does not necessarily coincide with the producer , as it can also be the developer or programmer and , therefore , the ‘backend operator’ can be justifiably covered by a different liability regime than that provided by the pld;


### 8. notes that there is a need to deploy event recorders for use in the event of severe accidents , in full respect of data protection and privacy law; ### 8. notes that there is a need to deploy event recording technology enabling any decision influencing the development of the product to be traced back to a natural person , determining responsibility , for use in the event of severe accidents , in full respect of data protection and privacy law.


### 8. considers that the existing fault-based tort law of the member states offers in most cases a sufficient level of protection for persons that suffer harm caused by an interfering third person like a hacker or whose property is damaged by such a third person , as the interference regularly constitutes a fault-based action; notes that only for cases in which the third person is untraceable or impecunious , additional liability rules seem necessary; ### 8. considers that the existing fault-based tort law of the member states offers in most cases a sufficient level of protection for persons that suffer harm caused by an interfering third person , as the interference regularly constitutes a fault-based action; notes that due to these characteristics of ai-systems , additional liability rules seem necessary;