### 7. the user shall be in full control of the european digital identity wallet. the issuer of the european digital identity wallet shall not collect information about the use of the wallet which are not necessary for the provision of the wallet services , nor shall it combine person identification data and any other personal data stored or relating to the use of the european digital identity wallet with personal data from any other services offered by this issuer or from third-party services which are not necessary for the provision of the wallet services , unless the user has expressly requested it. personal data relating to the provision of european digital identity wallets shall be kept physically and logically separate from any other data held. if the european digital identity wallet is provided by private parties in accordance to paragraph 1 (b) and (c) , the provisions of article 45f paragraph 4 shall apply mutatis mutandis. ### 7. the user shall be in full control of the european digital identity wallet and their personal data. the issuer of the european digital identity wallet or third-party services or the member state shall not collect information about the use of the wallet by the user which are not strictly necessary and proportionate solely for the provision of the wallet services , nor shall it combine person identification data and any other personal data stored or relating to the use of the european digital identity wallet with personal data from any other services offered by this issuer or from third-party services which are not strictly necessary and proportionate solely for the provision of the wallet services , unless the user has expressly requested it. the exchange of information via the european digital identity wallet shall not allow providers of electronic attestations of attributes to track , link , correlate or otherwise obtain knowledge of transactions or user behaviour. personal data relating to the provision of european digital identity wallets shall be kept physically and logically separate from any other data held. if the european digital identity wallet is provided by private parties in accordance to paragraph 1 (b) and (c) , the provisions of article 45f paragraph 4 shall apply mutatis mutandis.


### 7. the user shall be in full control of the european digital identity wallet. the issuer of the european digital identity wallet shall not collect information about the use of the wallet which are not necessary for the provision of the wallet services , nor shall it combine person identification data and any other personal data stored or relating to the use of the european digital identity wallet with personal data from any other services offered by this issuer or from third-party services which are not necessary for the provision of the wallet services , unless the user has expressly requested it. personal data relating to the provision of european digital identity wallets shall be kept physically and logically separate from any other data held. if the european digital identity wallet is provided by private parties in accordance to paragraph 1 (b) and (c) , the provisions of article 45f paragraph 4 shall apply mutatis mutandis. ### 7. the user shall be in full control of the european digital identity wallet. the issuer of the european digital identity wallet shall not collect information about the use of the wallet which are not necessary for the provision of the wallet services , nor shall it combine person identification data and any other personal data stored or relating to the use of the european digital identity wallet with personal data from any other services offered by this issuer or from third-party services which are not necessary for the provision of the wallet services , unless the user has expressly requested it. personal data relating to the provision of european digital identity wallets shall be kept logically separate from any other data held. if the european digital identity wallet is provided by private parties in accordance to paragraph 2 (b) and (c) , the provisions of article 45f paragraph 4 shall apply mutatis mutandis.


### 8. article 11 shall apply mutatis mutandis to the european digital identity wallet. ### deleted


### 10. the european digital identity wallet shall be made accessible for persons with disabilities in accordance with the accessibility requirements of annex i to directive 2019/882. ### 10. the european digital identity wallet shall be made understandable in a language which can be easily understood by end-users and accessible for persons with disabilities and with special needs including elderly people in accordance with the accessibility requirements of annex i to directive (eu) 2019/882(european accessibility act) and the united nations convention on the rights of persons with disabilities .


### 11. within 6 months of the entering into force of this regulation , the commission shall establish technical and operational specifications and reference standards for the requirements referred to in paragraphs 3 , 4 and 5 by means of an implementing act on the implementation of the european digital identity wallet. this implementing act shall be adopted in accordance with the examination procedure referred to in article 48(2). ### 11. within 6 months of the entering into force of this regulation , the commission shall establish technical and operational specifications and reference standards for the requirements referred to in paragraphs 3 , 4 and 5 by means of an implementing act on the implementation of the european digital identity wallet. this implementing act shall be adopted in accordance with the examination procedure referred to in article 48(2). the commission shall also consult relevant stakeholders , including social partners in this context.


### 1. where relying parties intend to rely upon european digital identity wallets issued in accordance with this regulation , they shall communicate it to the member state where the relying party is established to ensure compliance with requirements set out in union law or national law for the provision of specific services. when communicating their intention to rely on european digital identity wallets , they shall also inform about the intended use of the european digital identity wallet. ### 1. where relying parties intend to rely upon european digital identity wallets issued in accordance with this regulation , they shall communicate it to the member state where the relying party is established to ensure compliance with requirements set out in union law or national law for the provision of specific services. when communicating their intention to rely on european digital identity wallets , they shall also inform about the intended use cases of the european digital identity wallet and the intended requests for user data. member states shall make this information publicly available online together with the identification of the relying party and their contact details.


### 5. member states shall communicate to the commission the names and addresses of the public or private bodies referred to in paragraph 3. the commission shall make that information available to member states. ### 5. member states shall communicate to the commission the names and addresses of the conformity assessment bodies referred to in paragraph 3. the commission shall make that information available to other member states.


### unique identification ### cross-border user identification


### 1. when notified electronic identification means and the european digital identity wallets are used for authentication , member states shall ensure unique identification. ### 1. when notified electronic identification means and the european digital identity wallets are used for authentication , member states shall ensure user identification.


### 2. member states shall , for the purposes of this regulation , include in the minimum set of person identification data referred to in article 12.4.(d) , a unique and persistent identifier in conformity with union law , to identify the user upon their request in those cases where identification of the user is required by law. ### 2. member states shall provide a minimum set of person identification data , only per service , in conformity with national and union law , to identify the user upon their request in those cases where identification of the user is required by law.


### 1. when notified electronic identification means and the european digital identity wallets are used for authentication , member states shall ensure unique identification. ### 1. when notified electronic identification means and the european digital identity wallets are used for identification , member states shall ensure unique identification.


### 2. member states shall , for the purposes of this regulation , include in the minimum set of person identification data referred to in article 12.4.(d) , a unique and persistent identifier in conformity with union law , to identify the user upon their request in those cases where identification of the user is required by law. ### 2. member states shall , for the purposes of this regulation , include in the minimum set of person identification data referred to in article 12.4.(d) , a unique and persistent identifier in conformity with union law , to identify the user upon their request and only in those cases where identification of the user is required by law. unique and persistent identifiers shall not be accessed for the purpose of user authentication.


### a reference to a minimum set of person identification data necessary to uniquely and persistently represent a natural or legal person;; ### a reference to a minimum set of person identification data necessary to represent a natural or legal person;’;


### the exchange of information , experience and good practice as regards electronic identification schemes and in particular technical requirements related to interoperability , unique identification and assurance levels;; ### the exchange of information , experience and good practice as regards electronic identification schemes and in particular technical requirements related to interoperability and assurance levels;;


### 3. where very large online platforms as defined in regulation [reference dsa regulation] article 25.1. require users to authenticate to access online services , they shall also accept the use of european digital identity wallets issued in accordance with article 6a strictly upon voluntary request of the user and in respect of the minimum attributes necessary for the specific online service for which authentication is requested , such as proof of age. ### 3. where very large online platforms as defined in regulation [reference dsa regulation] article 25.1. require users to authenticate to access online services , they shall also accept the use of european digital identity wallets issued in accordance with article 6a strictly upon voluntary request of the user and in respect of the minimum attributes necessary for the specific online service for which authentication is requested , such as proof of age.


### 5. the commission shall make an assessment within 18 months after deployment of the european digital identity wallets whether on the basis of evidence showing availability and usability of the european digital identity wallet , additional private online service providers shall be mandated to accept the use of the european digital identity wallet strictly upon voluntary request of the user. criteria of assessment may include extent of user base , cross-border presence of service providers , technological development , evolution in usage patterns. the commission shall be empowered to adopt delegated acts based on this assessment , regarding a revision of the requirements for recognition of the european digital identity wallet under points 1 to 4 of this article. ### 5. the commission shall make an assessment within 18 months after deployment of the european digital identity wallets whether on the basis of evidence showing availability and usability of the european digital identity wallet , additional private online service providers shall be mandated to accept the use of the european digital identity wallet strictly upon voluntary request of the user. this assessment shall be done by the commission on a regular basis. criteria of assessment may include extent of user base , cross-border presence of service providers , technological development , evolution in usage patterns. the commission shall be empowered to adopt delegated acts based on this assessment , regarding a revision of the requirements for recognition of the european digital identity wallet under points 1 to 4 of this article.


### accessibility for persons with disabilities ### accessibility for persons with disabilities and with functional limitations


### the provision of trust services and end-user products used in the provision of those services shall be made accessible for persons with disabilities in accordance with the accessibility requirements of annex i of directive 2019/882 on the accessibility requirements for products and services.; ### the provision of trust services and end-user products used in the provision of those services shall be made always accessible for persons with disabilities and with functional limitations , such as elderly persons , in accordance with the accessibility requirements of annex i of directive 2019/882 on the accessibility requirements for products and services.


### accessibility for persons with disabilities ### accessibility for persons with disabilities and special needs


### the provision of trust services and end-user products used in the provision of those services shall be made accessible for persons with disabilities in accordance with the accessibility requirements of annex i of directive 2019/882 on the accessibility requirements for products and services.; ### the provision of trust services and end-user products used in the provision of those services shall be made understandable in a language which can be easily understood by end-users and accessible for persons with disabilities or/and with special needs including elderly people in accordance with the accessibility requirements of annex i of directive 2019/882 (european accessibility act)on the accessibility requirements for products and services and the united nations convention on the rights of persons with disabilities.;


### by means of a notified electronic identification means which meets the requirements set out in article 8 with regard to the assurance levels ‘substantial’ or ‘high’; ### by means of a notified electronic identification means which meets the requirements set out in article 8 with regard to the assurance level ‘high’;


### by means of qualified electronic attestations of attributes or a certificate of a qualified electronic signature or of a qualified electronic seal issued in compliance with point (a) , (c) or (d); ### by means of certificate used to create a qualified electronic signature or of a qualified electronic seal that was issued in compliance with point (a) , (c) or (d);


### by using other identification methods which ensure the identification of the natural person with a high level of confidence , the conformity of which shall be confirmed by a conformity assessment body; ### by using other identification methods which ensure the identification of the natural person with a high level of confidence and security equivalent in terms of reliability to physical presence , the conformity of which shall be confirmed by a conformity assessment body and shall , in any case , comply with the up-to-date standards of the european telecommunications standard institute (etsi) on id proofing;


### 1a. within 12 months after the entry into force of this regulation , the commission shall by means of implementing acts , set out minimum technical specifications , standards and procedures with respect to the verification of identity and attributes in accordance with paragraph 1 , point c. those implementing acts shall be adopted in accordance with the examination procedure referred to in article 48(2).; ### 1a. within 12 months after the entry into force of this regulation , the commission shall by means of implementing acts , set out minimum technical specifications , standards and procedures with respect to the verification of identity and attributes in accordance with paragraph 1 , point c. those implementing acts shall be adopted in accordance with the examination procedure referred to in article 48(2).the commission shall also consult relevant stakeholders , including social partners and users associations in this context’;


### (38) article 45 is replaced by the following: ### deleted


### 1. an electronic attestation of attributes shall not be denied legal effect and admissibility as evidence in legal proceedings solely on the grounds that it is in electronic form. ### 1. an electronic attestation of attributes shall not be denied legal effect and admissibility as evidence in legal proceedings solely on the grounds that it is in electronic form or that it does not meet the requirements for qualified electronic attestations of attributes.


### when an electronic identification using an electronic identification means and authentication is required under national law to access an online service provided by a public sector body , person identification data in the electronic attestation of attributes shall not substitute electronic identification using an electronic identification means and authentication for electronic identification unless specifically allowed by the member state or the public sector body. in such a case , qualified electronic attestation of attributes from other member states shall also be accepted. ### when an electronic identification using an electronic identification means and authentication is required under national law to access an online service provided by a public sector body , person identification data in the electronic attestation of attributes shall not substitute electronic identification using an electronic identification means and authentication for electronic identification unless specifically allowed by the member state. in such a case , qualified electronic attestation of attributes from other member states shall also be accepted.


### 3. personal data relating to the provision of qualified electronic attestation of attributes services shall be kept physically and logically separate from any other data held. ### 3. personal data relating to the provision of qualified electronic attestation of attributes services shall be kept logically separate from any other data held.


### 4. providers of qualified electronic attestation of attributes’ services shall provide such services under a separate legal entity. ### deleted


### 4. providers of qualified electronic attestation of attributes’ services shall provide such services under a separate legal entity. ### 4. the service shall be provided applying the segregation of duties principle. providers of qualified electronic attestation of attributes’ services shall guarantee appropriate and prudent management in the provision of qualified electronic attestation of attributes services.


### 1. member states shall ensure the collection of statistics in relation to the functioning of the european digital identity wallets and the qualified trust services. ### 1. member states shall provide the commission with ensure the collection of statistics in relation to the functioning of the european digital identity wallets and the qualified trust services in compliance with union and national rules on data protection.


### the type and number of services accepting the use of the european digital wallet; ### the type and number of services accepting the use of the european digital identity wallet;


### 2. age; ### 2. date of birth;


### 5. family composition; ### 5. marital status;


### 6. nationality; ### 6. nationalities;


### (21) this regulation should build on union acts ensuring contestable and fair markets in the digital sector. in particular , it builds on the regulation xxx/xxxx [digital markets act] , which introduces rules for providers of core platform services designated as gatekeepers and , among others , prohibits gatekeepers to require business users to use , offer or interoperate with an identification service of the gatekeeper in the context of services offered by the business users using the core platform services of that gatekeeper. article 6(1)(f) of the regulation xxx/xxxx [digital markets act] requires gatekeepers to allow business users and providers of ancillary services access to and interoperability with the same operating system , hardware or software features that are available or used in the provision by the gatekeeper of any ancillary services. according to article 2 (15) of [digital markets act] identification services constitute a type of ancillary services. business users and providers of ancillary services should therefore be able to access such hardware or software features , such as secure elements in smartphones , and to interoperate with them through the european digital identity wallets or member states’ notified electronic identification means. ### (21) issuers of european digital identity wallets need access to specific hardware and software features of smartphones , such as operating system , secure hardware (secure element , sim etc.) , nfc , bluetooth , wi-fi aware and biometric sensors. such features are under the control of operating system and equipment manufacturers. therefore , this regulation should build on union acts ensuring contestable and fair markets in the digital sector. in particular , it should rely builds on article 6(7) of the regulation xxx/xxxx [digital markets act] , which requires the providers of core platform services designated as gatekeepers to allow business users and alternative providers of services provided together with , or in support of , core platform services , free of charge , effective interoperability with , and access for the purposes of interoperability to , the same operating system , hardware or software features , regardless of whether those features are part of the operating system , as are available to , or used by , that gatekeeper when providing such services. furthermore , regulation xxx/xxxx [digital markets act] prohibits gatekeepers to require end users or business users to use an identification service in the context of services provided by the business users using that gatekeeper’s core platform services.


### (25) in most cases , citizens and other residents cannot digitally exchange , across borders , information related to their identity , such as addresses , age and professional qualifications , driving licenses and other permits and payment data , securely and with a high level of data protection. ### (25) in most cases , citizens and other residents cannot digitally exchange , across borders , information related to their identity , such as addresses , age and professional qualifications , driving licenses and other permits and payment data , securely and with a high level of data protection , which creates digital barriers between member states , and prevents european citizens from enjoying the benefits of digitalization at the european level.


### (31) secure electronic identification and the provision of attestation of attributes should offer additional flexibility and solutions for the financial services sector to allow identification of customers and the exchange of specific attributes necessary to comply with , for example , customer due diligence requirements under the anti money laundering regulation , [reference to be added after the adoption of the proposal] , with suitability requirements stemming from investor protection legislation , or to support the fulfilment of strong customer authentication requirements for account login and initiation of transactions in the field of payment services. ### (31) secure electronic identification and the provision of attestation of attributes should offer additional flexibility and solutions for the financial services sector to allow identification of customers and the exchange of specific attributes necessary to comply with , for example , customer due diligence requirements under the anti money laundering regulation , [reference to be added after the adoption of the proposal] and identification requirements under the transfer of funds regulation , with suitability requirements stemming from investor protection legislation , or to support the fulfilment of strong customer authentication requirements for account login and initiation of transactions in the field of payment services or crypto-assets services.


### (4) ‘electronic identification scheme’ means a system for electronic identification under which electronic identification means , are issued to natural or legal persons or natural persons representing legal persons;; ### (4) ‘electronic identification scheme’ means a system for electronic identification under which electronic identification means , are issued to natural or legal persons or natural persons representing legal or natural persons;;


### (7) the following articles (6a , 6b , 6c and 6d) are inserted: ### (7) the following articles (6a , 6b , 6c , 6d and 6e) are inserted:


### pursuant to article 9(1) member states shall notify , within 12 months after the entry into force of this regulation at least one electronic identification scheme including at least one identification means:; ### pursuant to article 9(1) member states shall notify , within 12 months after the entry into force of this regulation at least one electronic identification scheme including at least one electronic identification means:


### 1. conformity of notified electronic identification schemes with the requirements laid down in article 6a , article 8 and article 10 may be certified by public or private bodies designated by member states. ### 1. conformity of notified electronic identification schemes with the requirements laid down in section ii may be certified by conformity assessment bodies designated by member states.


### 1. qualified trust service providers shall be audited at their own expense at least every 24 months by a conformity assessment body. the audit shall confirm that the qualified trust service providers and the qualified trust services provided by them fulfil the requirements laid down in this regulation and in article 18 of directive (eu) xxxx/xxxx [nis2]. qualified trust service providers shall submit the resulting conformity assessment report to the supervisory body within three working days of receipt.; ### 1. qualified trust service providers shall be audited at their own expense at least every 24 months by a conformity assessment body. the audit shall confirm that the qualified trust service providers and the qualified trust services provided by them fulfil the requirements laid down in this regulation and in article 18 of directive (eu)xxxx/xxxx [nis2]. where trust service components have their own certification of conformity pursuant to this regulation , the conformity assessment body responsible for the certification of the trust service shall not audit again these components but shall verify that the interactions of the different components do not prevent the compliance of the trust service with the requirements referred to in this paragraph. qualified trust service providers shall submit the resulting conformity assessment report to the supervisory body within three working days of receipt;


### 1. secure signature creation devices of which the conformity has been determined in accordance with article 3(4) of directive 1999/93/ec shall continue to be considered as qualified electronic signature creation devices under this regulation until [date – oj please insert period of four years following the entry into force of this regulation]. ### 1. secure signature creation devices of which the conformity has been determined in accordance with article 3(4) of directive1999/93/ec shall continue to be considered as qualified electronic signature creation devices under this regulation until the end of the validity of their signature certificates issued before the entry into force of this regulation. secure signature creation devices shall not be issued after the entry into force of this regulation


### 2. qualified certificates issued to natural persons under directive 1999/93/ec shall continue to be considered as qualified certificates for electronic signatures under this regulation until [date – po please insert a period of four years following the entry into force of this regulation].. ### 2. qualified certificates issued to natural persons under directive 1999/93/ec shall continue to be considered as qualified certificates for electronic signatures under this regulation until the end of the validity of the certificate issued before the entry into force of this regulation.


### the advanced electronic signature or advanced electronic seal of the issuing qualified trust service provider; ### the qualified electronic signature or qualified electronic seal of the issuing qualified trust service provider;


### 9. public permits and licenses; ### 9. public permits , licences and mandates;


### (1) the supply of and demand for political advertising are growing and increasingly cross-border in nature. a large , diversified and increasing number of services are associated with that activity , such as political consultancies , advertising agencies , “ad-tech” platforms , public relations firms , influencers and various data analytics and brokerage operators. political advertising can take many forms including paid content , sponsored search results , paid targeted messages , promotion in rankings , promotion of something or someone integrated into content such as product placement , influencers and other endorsements. related activities can involve for instance the dissemination of political advertising upon request of a sponsor or the publication of content against payment. ### (1) the supply of and demand for political advertising are growing and increasingly cross-border in nature. a large , diversified and increasing number of services are associated with that activity , such as political consultancies , advertising agencies , “ad-tech” platforms , public relations firms , influencers and various data analytics and brokerage operators. political advertising can take many forms including paid content , sponsored search results , paid targeted messages , promotion in rankings , promotion of something or someone integrated into content such as product placement , influencers and other endorsements. related activities can involve for instance the dissemination of political advertising upon request of a sponsor or the publication of content against payment or other forms of remuneration , including benefits in kind.


### (1) the supply of and demand for political advertising are growing and increasingly cross-border in nature. a large , diversified and increasing number of services are associated with that activity , such as political consultancies , advertising agencies , “ad-tech” platforms , public relations firms , influencers and various data analytics and brokerage operators. political advertising can take many forms including paid content , sponsored search results , paid targeted messages , promotion in rankings , promotion of something or someone integrated into content such as product placement , influencers and other endorsements. related activities can involve for instance the dissemination of political advertising upon request of a sponsor or the publication of content against payment. ### (1) the supply of and demand for political advertising are growing and increasingly cross-border in nature. a large , diversified and increasing number of services are associated with that activity , such as political consultancies , advertising agencies , “ad-tech” platforms , public relations firms , influencers and various data analytics and brokerage operators. political advertising can take many forms including paid content , sponsored search results , paid targeted messages , promotion in rankings , promotion of something or someone integrated into content such as product placement , the production of studies and summaries , estimates and forecasts , and the use of influencers and other endorsements. related activities can involve for instance the dissemination of political advertising upon request of a sponsor or the publication of content against payment.


### (1) the supply of and demand for political advertising are growing and increasingly cross-border in nature. a large , diversified and increasing number of services are associated with that activity , such as political consultancies , advertising agencies , “ad-tech” platforms , public relations firms , influencers and various data analytics and brokerage operators. political advertising can take many forms including paid content , sponsored search results , paid targeted messages , promotion in rankings , promotion of something or someone integrated into content such as product placement , influencers and other endorsements. related activities can involve for instance the dissemination of political advertising upon request of a sponsor or the publication of content against payment. ### (1) the supply of and demand for political advertising are growing and increasingly cross-border in nature. a large , diversified and increasing number of services are associated with that activity , such as political consultancies , advertising agencies , “ad-tech” platforms , public relations firms , influencers and various data analytics and brokerage operators. political advertising can take many forms including paid content , sponsored search results , paid targeted messages , promotion in rankings , promotion of something or someone integrated into content such as product placement , influencers and other endorsements. related activities can involve for instance the dissemination of political advertising upon request of a sponsor or the publication of content against payment or other forms of remuneration.


### (2) political advertising can be disseminated or published through various means and media across borders. it can be disseminated or published via traditional offline media such as newspapers , television and radio , and also increasingly via online platforms , websites , mobile applications , computer games and other digital interfaces. the latter are not only particularly prone to be offered cross-border , but also raise novel and difficult regulatory and enforcement challenges. the use of online political advertising is strongly increasing , and certain linear offline forms of political advertising , such as radio and television , are also offered online as on-demand services. political advertising campaigns tend to be organised to make use of a range of media and forms. ### (2) political advertising can be disseminated or published through various means and media across borders. it can be disseminated or published via traditional offline media such as newspapers , television and radio , and also increasingly via online platforms , websites , mobile applications , computer games and other digital interfaces , online and offline. the latter are not only particularly prone to be offered cross-border , but also raise novel and difficult regulatory and enforcement challenges. the use of online political advertising is strongly increasing , and certain linear offline forms of political advertising , such as radio and television , are also offered online as on-demand services. political advertising campaigns tend to be organised to make use of a range of media and forms.


### (2) political advertising can be disseminated or published through various means and media across borders. it can be disseminated or published via traditional offline media such as newspapers , television and radio , and also increasingly via online platforms , websites , mobile applications , computer games and other digital interfaces. the latter are not only particularly prone to be offered cross-border , but also raise novel and difficult regulatory and enforcement challenges. the use of online political advertising is strongly increasing , and certain linear offline forms of political advertising , such as radio and television , are also offered online as on-demand services. political advertising campaigns tend to be organised to make use of a range of media and forms. ### deleted


### (2) political advertising can be disseminated or published through various means and media across borders. it can be disseminated or published via traditional offline media such as newspapers , television and radio , and also increasingly via online platforms , websites , mobile applications , computer games and other digital interfaces. the latter are not only particularly prone to be offered cross-border , but also raise novel and difficult regulatory and enforcement challenges. the use of online political advertising is strongly increasing , and certain linear offline forms of political advertising , such as radio and television , are also offered online as on-demand services. political advertising campaigns tend to be organised to make use of a range of media and forms. ### (2) political advertising can be disseminated or published through various means and media across borders. it can be disseminated or published via traditional offline media such as newspapers , television and radio , and also increasingly via online platforms , websites , mobile applications , computer games and other digital interfaces. the latter are not only particularly prone to be offered cross-border , but also raise novel and difficult regulatory and enforcement challenges. the use of online political advertising is strongly increasing , and certain linear offline forms of political advertising , such as radio and television , are also offered online as on-demand services. political advertising campaigns tend to be organised to make use of a range of media and forms , both around and during electoral campaigns for local , regional , national or other elections , and also in between electoral campaigns , to attract new followers and supporters or to promote various political platforms and programmes.


### (2) political advertising can be disseminated or published through various means and media across borders. it can be disseminated or published via traditional offline media such as newspapers , television and radio , and also increasingly via online platforms , websites , mobile applications , computer games and other digital interfaces. the latter are not only particularly prone to be offered cross-border , but also raise novel and difficult regulatory and enforcement challenges. the use of online political advertising is strongly increasing , and certain linear offline forms of political advertising , such as radio and television , are also offered online as on-demand services. political advertising campaigns tend to be organised to make use of a range of media and forms. ### (2) political advertising can be disseminated or published through various means and media across borders. it can be disseminated or published via traditional offline media such as printed and online newspapers , television and radio , and also increasingly via online platforms , websites , mobile applications , computer games and other digital interfaces. the latter are not only particularly prone to be offered cross-border , but also raise novel and difficult regulatory and enforcement challenges. the use of online political advertising is strongly increasing , and certain linear offline forms of political advertising , such as radio and television , are also offered online as on-demand services. political advertising campaigns tend to be organised to make use of a range of media and forms.


### (4) the need to ensure transparency is a legitimate public goal , in conformity with the values shared by the eu and its member states pursuant to article 2 of the treaty on european union (‘teu’). it is not always easy for citizens to recognise political advertisements and exercise their democratic rights in an informed manner. a high level of transparency is necessary , among others , to support an open and fair political debate and free and fair elections or referendums and to combat disinformation and unlawful interference including from abroad. political advertising can be a vector of disinformation in particular where the advertising does not disclose its political nature , and where it is targeted. transparency of political advertising contributes to enabling voters to better understand when they are being presented with a political advertisement on whose behalf that advertisement is being made , and how they are being targeted by an advertising service provider , so that voters are better placed to make informed choices. ### (4) the need to ensure transparency and due diligence is a legitimate public goal , in conformity with the values shared by the eu and its member states pursuant to article 2 of the treaty on european union (‘teu’). it is not always easy for citizens to recognise political advertisements and exercise their democratic rights in an informed manner. a high level of transparency and due diligence is necessary , among others , to support an open and fair political debate and free and fair elections or referendums and to combat disinformation and unlawful interference including from abroad. political advertising can be a vector of disinformation in particular where the advertising does not disclose its political nature , and where it is targeted. transparency of political advertising contributes to enabling voters to better understand when they are being presented with a political advertisement on whose behalf that advertisement is being made , and how they are being targeted by an advertising service provider , so that voters are better placed to make informed choices. in the context of political advertising , transparency has two layers: at the level of each individual ad and at the level of political campaigns. each political ad should be recognizable by citizens and contain within it essential information about its political nature , its sponsor , and the use of targeting. transparency at the level of political campaigns can be obtained by the creation of universal , public advertising repositories , containing all instances of political advertising , as well as detailed information about its characteristics. due diligence obligations for sponsors and providers of political advertising services are important to ensure transparency , but also a fair distribution of burdens between all actors in the value chain of political advertising.


### (4) the need to ensure transparency is a legitimate public goal , in conformity with the values shared by the eu and its member states pursuant to article 2 of the treaty on european union (‘teu’). it is not always easy for citizens to recognise political advertisements and exercise their democratic rights in an informed manner. a high level of transparency is necessary , among others , to support an open and fair political debate and free and fair elections or referendums and to combat disinformation and unlawful interference including from abroad. political advertising can be a vector of disinformation in particular where the advertising does not disclose its political nature , and where it is targeted. transparency of political advertising contributes to enabling voters to better understand when they are being presented with a political advertisement on whose behalf that advertisement is being made , and how they are being targeted by an advertising service provider , so that voters are better placed to make informed choices. ### (4) the need to ensure transparency is a legitimate public goal as also highlighted in the “report on the final outcome of the conference on the future of europe” released on 9 may 2022 , in conformity with the values shared by the eu and its member states pursuant to article 2 of the treaty on european union (‘teu’). it is not always easy for citizens to recognise political advertisements and exercise their democratic rights in an informed manner. a high level of transparency and due diligence is necessary , among others , to support an open and fair political debate and free and fair elections or referendums and to combat disinformation and unlawful interference including from abroad. political advertising can be a vector of disinformation in particular where the advertising does not disclose its political nature , and where it is targeted. transparency of political advertising contributes to enabling voters to better understand when they are being presented with a political advertisement on whose behalf that advertisement is being made , and how they are being targeted by an advertising service provider , so that voters are better placed to make informed choices.


### (4) the need to ensure transparency is a legitimate public goal , in conformity with the values shared by the eu and its member states pursuant to article 2 of the treaty on european union (‘teu’). it is not always easy for citizens to recognise political advertisements and exercise their democratic rights in an informed manner. a high level of transparency is necessary , among others , to support an open and fair political debate and free and fair elections or referendums and to combat disinformation and unlawful interference including from abroad. political advertising can be a vector of disinformation in particular where the advertising does not disclose its political nature , and where it is targeted. transparency of political advertising contributes to enabling voters to better understand when they are being presented with a political advertisement on whose behalf that advertisement is being made , and how they are being targeted by an advertising service provider , so that voters are better placed to make informed choices. ### (4) to ensure transparency is a legitimate public goal , in conformity with the values shared by the eu and its member states pursuant to article 2 of the treaty on european union (‘teu’). transparency of political advertising contributes to enabling voters to better understand when they are being presented with a political advertisement on whose behalf that advertisement is being made , and how they are being targeted by an advertising service provider , so that voters are better placed to make informed choices. however , it is often a challenge for citizens to recognise political advertisements and exercise their democratic rights in an informed manner. a high level of transparency is necessary , among others , to support an open and fair political debate and free and fair elections or referendums and to combat disinformation and unlawful interference including from abroad. political advertising can be a vector of disinformation in particular where the advertising does not disclose its political nature , and where it is targeted.


### (5) in the context of political advertising , targeting techniques are frequently used. targeting or amplification techniques should be understood as techniques that are used either to address a tailored political advertisement only to a specific person or group of persons or to increase the circulation , reach or visibility of a political advertisement. given the power and the potential for the misuse of personal data of targeting , including through microtargeting and other advanced techniques , such techniques may present particular threats to legitimate public interests , such as fairness , equal opportunities and transparency in the electoral process and the fundamental right to be informed in an objective , transparent and pluralistic way. ### (5) in the context of political advertising , targeting and ad delivery techniques are frequently used. targeting techniques should be understood as techniques that are used by the sponsors of the ads to define the potential audience of a political advertisement , that is , a group of individuals who are eligible to be displayed the ad. ad delivery techniques should be understood as techniques that are used by publishers of advertising and/or the platforms where ads are featured , to deliver advertisements to specific individuals included within the group of individuals that constitute the targeted audience. automated ad delivery techniques use provided , observed and inferred data about individuals , as well as data on the content of the advertisement. the purpose of automated ad delivery techniques is to extract greater impact from the delivery of the ads to individuals , by delivering each advertisement to those individuals most likely to react in specific manners to the advertisement displayed to them. the use of these techniques often relies on the use of massive amounts of inferred data. the inferential analyses conducted by machine-learning algorithms deployed by platforms are not easy to understand , neither conceptually nor in the substance of the analysis , by the citizens who see ads , rendering any possible transparency measures meaningless.


### (5) in the context of political advertising , targeting techniques are frequently used. targeting or amplification techniques should be understood as techniques that are used either to address a tailored political advertisement only to a specific person or group of persons or to increase the circulation , reach or visibility of a political advertisement. given the power and the potential for the misuse of personal data of targeting , including through microtargeting and other advanced techniques , such techniques may present particular threats to legitimate public interests , such as fairness , equal opportunities and transparency in the electoral process and the fundamental right to be informed in an objective , transparent and pluralistic way. ### (5) in the context of political advertising , targeting techniques are frequently used. targeting or amplification techniques should be understood as techniques that are used either to address a tailored political advertisement only to a specific person or group of persons or to increase the circulation , reach or visibility of a political advertisement. given the power and the potential for the misuse of personal data of targeting , including through microtargeting and other advanced techniques , such techniques may present particular threats to legitimate public interests , such as fairness , freedom of expression , protection of the eu citizens living outside the european union , equal opportunities and transparency in the electoral process and the fundamental right to be informed in an objective , transparent and pluralistic way.


### (5) in the context of political advertising , targeting techniques are frequently used. targeting or amplification techniques should be understood as techniques that are used either to address a tailored political advertisement only to a specific person or group of persons or to increase the circulation , reach or visibility of a political advertisement. given the power and the potential for the misuse of personal data of targeting , including through microtargeting and other advanced techniques , such techniques may present particular threats to legitimate public interests , such as fairness , equal opportunities and transparency in the electoral process and the fundamental right to be informed in an objective , transparent and pluralistic way. ### (5) in the context of political advertising , targeting techniques are frequently used. targeting or amplification techniques should be understood as techniques that are used either to address a tailored political advertisement only to a specific person or group of persons or to increase the circulation , reach or visibility of a political advertisement. given the power and the potential for the misuse of personal data of targeting , including through microtargeting and other advanced techniques , such techniques may present particular threats to legitimate public interests , such as fairness , freedom of expression , protection of other eu nationals living abroad , equal opportunities and transparency in the electoral process and the fundamental right to be informed in an objective , transparent and pluralistic way.


### (5) in the context of political advertising , targeting techniques are frequently used. targeting or amplification techniques should be understood as techniques that are used either to address a tailored political advertisement only to a specific person or group of persons or to increase the circulation , reach or visibility of a political advertisement. given the power and the potential for the misuse of personal data of targeting , including through microtargeting and other advanced techniques , such techniques may present particular threats to legitimate public interests , such as fairness , equal opportunities and transparency in the electoral process and the fundamental right to be informed in an objective , transparent and pluralistic way. ### (5) in the context of political advertising , targeting techniques are frequently used. targeting or ad delivery techniques should be understood as techniques that are used either to address a tailored political advertisement only to a specific person or group of persons or to increase the circulation , reach or visibility of a political advertisement. given the power and the potential for the misuse of personal data of targeting , including through microtargeting and other advanced techniques , such techniques are likely to present particular threats to legitimate public interests , such as fairness , equal opportunities and transparency in the electoral process , and the fundamental rights to be informed in an objective , transparent and pluralistic way without increasing information asymmetry , polarisation and "filter bubbles" and be treated equally indifferent of sex , race , colour , ethnic or social origin , genetic features , language , religion or belief , political or any other opinion , membership of a national minority , property , birth , disability , age or sexual orientation.


### (5) in the context of political advertising , targeting techniques are frequently used. targeting or amplification techniques should be understood as techniques that are used either to address a tailored political advertisement only to a specific person or group of persons or to increase the circulation , reach or visibility of a political advertisement. given the power and the potential for the misuse of personal data of targeting , including through microtargeting and other advanced techniques , such techniques may present particular threats to legitimate public interests , such as fairness , equal opportunities and transparency in the electoral process and the fundamental right to be informed in an objective , transparent and pluralistic way. ### (5) in the context of political advertising , targeting techniques are frequently used. targeting or amplification techniques should be understood as techniques that are used either to address a tailored political advertisement only to a specific person or group of persons or to increase the circulation , reach or visibility of a political advertisement , which may also be transmitted by accessing personal data - mobile phone or land-line number , email addresses - without the consent of the persons being targeted. given the power and the potential for the misuse of this personal data for targeting , including through microtargeting and other advanced techniques , such techniques may present particular threats to legitimate public interests , such as fairness , equal opportunities and transparency in the electoral process and the fundamental right to be informed in an objective , transparent and pluralistic way.


### (5) in the context of political advertising , targeting techniques are frequently used. targeting or amplification techniques should be understood as techniques that are used either to address a tailored political advertisement only to a specific person or group of persons or to increase the circulation , reach or visibility of a political advertisement. given the power and the potential for the misuse of personal data of targeting , including through microtargeting and other advanced techniques , such techniques may present particular threats to legitimate public interests , such as fairness , equal opportunities and transparency in the electoral process and the fundamental right to be informed in an objective , transparent and pluralistic way. ### (5) in the context of advertising , including political advertising , targeting techniques are frequently used. targeting techniques should be understood as techniques that are used either to address a tailored political advertisement only to a specific person or group of persons or to increase the circulation , reach or visibility of a political advertisement. given the power and the potential for the misuse of personal data targeting , in particular online , including through microtargeting and other advanced techniques , the use of such techniques for the purpose of political advertising presents particular threats to legitimate public interests , such as fairness , equal opportunities and transparency in the electoral process and the fundamental right to be informed in an objective , transparent and pluralistic way.


### (6) political advertising is currently regulated heterogeneously in the member states , which in many cases tends to focus on traditional media forms. specific restrictions exist including on cross-border provisions of political advertising services. some member states prohibit eu service providers established in other member states from providing services of a political nature or with a political purpose during electoral periods. at the same time , gaps and loopholes in national legislation are likely to exist in some member states resulting in political advertising sometimes being disseminated without regard to relevant national rules and thus risking undermining the objective of transparency regulation for political advertising. ### (6) political advertising is currently regulated heterogeneously in the member states , which in many cases tends to focus on traditional media forms. specific restrictions exist including on cross-border provisions of political advertising services by affecting directly the capacity to conduct cross-border and pan-european political campaigns. some member states prohibit eu service providers established in other member states from providing services of a political nature or with a political purpose during electoral periods. at the same time , gaps and loopholes in national and european legislation are likely to exist in some member states resulting in political advertising sometimes being disseminated without regard to relevant national rules and thus risking undermining the objective of transparency regulation for political advertising.


### (6) political advertising is currently regulated heterogeneously in the member states , which in many cases tends to focus on traditional media forms. specific restrictions exist including on cross-border provisions of political advertising services. some member states prohibit eu service providers established in other member states from providing services of a political nature or with a political purpose during electoral periods. at the same time , gaps and loopholes in national legislation are likely to exist in some member states resulting in political advertising sometimes being disseminated without regard to relevant national rules and thus risking undermining the objective of transparency regulation for political advertising. ### (6) political advertising is currently regulated heterogeneously in the member states , which in many cases tends to focus on traditional media forms. specific restrictions exist including on cross-border provisions of political advertising services by affecting directly the capacity to conduct cross-border and pan-european political campaigns. some member states prohibit eu service providers established in other member states from providing services of a political nature or with a political purpose during electoral periods. at the same time , gaps and loopholes in national and european legislations are likely to exist in some member states resulting in political advertising sometimes being disseminated without regard to relevant national rules and thus risking undermining the objective of transparency regulation for political advertising.


### (6) political advertising is currently regulated heterogeneously in the member states , which in many cases tends to focus on traditional media forms. specific restrictions exist including on cross-border provisions of political advertising services. some member states prohibit eu service providers established in other member states from providing services of a political nature or with a political purpose during electoral periods. at the same time , gaps and loopholes in national legislation are likely to exist in some member states resulting in political advertising sometimes being disseminated without regard to relevant national rules and thus risking undermining the objective of transparency regulation for political advertising. ### (6) political advertising is currently regulated heterogeneously in the member states , which in many cases tends to focus on traditional media forms , whether it is on the online environment that the dissemination of political advertising are particularly challenging and need to be reinforced in the regulation. specific restrictions exist including on cross-border provisions of political advertising services. some member states prohibit eu service providers established in other member states from providing services of a political nature or with a political purpose during electoral periods. at the same time , gaps and loopholes in national legislation are likely to exist in some member states resulting in political advertising sometimes being disseminated , mainly online , without regard to relevant national rules and thus risking undermining the objective of transparency regulation for political advertising.


### (8) this situation leads to the fragmentation of the internal market , decreases legal certainty for providers of political advertising services preparing , placing , publishing or disseminating political advertisements , creates barriers to the free movement of related services , distorts competition in the internal market , including between offline and online service providers , and requires complex compliance efforts and additional costs for relevant service providers. ### (8) this situation leads to the fragmentation of the internal market , decreases legal certainty for providers of political advertising services preparing , placing , publishing or disseminating political advertisements , creates barriers to the free movement of related services , distorts competition in the internal market , including between offline and online service providers as a consequence of the disparity of compliance obligations , and requires complex compliance efforts and additional costs for relevant service providers.


### (8) this situation leads to the fragmentation of the internal market , decreases legal certainty for providers of political advertising services preparing , placing , publishing or disseminating political advertisements , creates barriers to the free movement of related services , distorts competition in the internal market , including between offline and online service providers , and requires complex compliance efforts and additional costs for relevant service providers. ### (8) this situation leads to the fragmentation of the internal market , decreases legal certainty for providers of political advertising services - notably for european parties - preparing , placing , publishing or disseminating political advertisements , creates barriers to the free movement of related services , distorts competition in the internal market , including between offline and online service providers , and requires complex compliance efforts and additional costs for relevant service providers.


### (8) this situation leads to the fragmentation of the internal market , decreases legal certainty for providers of political advertising services preparing , placing , publishing or disseminating political advertisements , creates barriers to the free movement of related services , distorts competition in the internal market , including between offline and online service providers , and requires complex compliance efforts and additional costs for relevant service providers. ### (8) this situation leads to the fragmentation of the internal market , decreases legal certainty for providers of political advertising services placing , publishing or disseminating political advertisements , creates barriers to the free movement of related services , distorts competition in the internal market , including between offline and online service providers , and requires complex compliance efforts and additional costs for relevant service providers. the principle that what is illegal offline should be illegal online should be ensured also in the context of political advertising services.


### (9) in this context , providers of political advertising services are likely to be discouraged from providing their political advertising services in cross-border situations. this is particularly true for microenterprises and smes , which often do not have the resources to absorb or pass on the high compliance costs connected to the preparation , placement , publication or dissemination of political advertising in more than one member state. this limits the availability of services and negatively impacts the possibility for service providers to innovate and offer multi-medium and multi-national campaigns within the internal market. ### (9) in this context , providers of political advertising services are likely to be discouraged from providing their political advertising services in cross-border situations. this is particularly true for microenterprises and smes , which often do not have the resources to absorb or pass on the high compliance costs connected to the preparation , placement , promotion , publication or dissemination of political advertising in more than one member state. this limits the availability of services and negatively impacts the possibility for service providers to innovate and offer multi-medium and multi-national campaigns within the internal market.


### (9) in this context , providers of political advertising services are likely to be discouraged from providing their political advertising services in cross-border situations. this is particularly true for microenterprises and smes , which often do not have the resources to absorb or pass on the high compliance costs connected to the preparation , placement , publication or dissemination of political advertising in more than one member state. this limits the availability of services and negatively impacts the possibility for service providers to innovate and offer multi-medium and multi-national campaigns within the internal market. ### (9) in this context , providers of political advertising services are likely to be discouraged from providing their political advertising services in cross-border situations. this is particularly true for microenterprises and smes , which often do not have the resources to absorb or pass on the high compliance costs connected to the preparation , placement , publication or dissemination of political advertising in more than one member state. this limits the availability of services and negatively impacts the possibility for service providers to innovate and offer multi-medium and multi-national campaigns within the internal market , and represent an obstacle to the creation of a true pan-european public sphere.


### (9) in this context , providers of political advertising services are likely to be discouraged from providing their political advertising services in cross-border situations. this is particularly true for microenterprises and smes , which often do not have the resources to absorb or pass on the high compliance costs connected to the preparation , placement , publication or dissemination of political advertising in more than one member state. this limits the availability of services and negatively impacts the possibility for service providers to innovate and offer multi-medium and multi-national campaigns within the internal market. ### (9) in this context , providers of political advertising services are likely to be discouraged from providing their political advertising services in cross-border situations. this is particularly true for microenterprises and smes , which often do not have the resources to absorb or pass on the high compliance costs connected to the preparation , placement , publication or dissemination of political advertising in more than one member state. this limits the availability of services and negatively impacts the possibility for service providers to innovate and offer multi-medium and multi-national campaigns within the internal market , and represents an obstacle to the creation of a true pan-european public sphere.


### (9) in this context , providers of political advertising services are likely to be discouraged from providing their political advertising services in cross-border situations. this is particularly true for microenterprises and smes , which often do not have the resources to absorb or pass on the high compliance costs connected to the preparation , placement , publication or dissemination of political advertising in more than one member state. this limits the availability of services and negatively impacts the possibility for service providers to innovate and offer multi-medium and multi-national campaigns within the internal market. ### (9) in this context , providers of political advertising services are likely to be discouraged from providing their political advertising services in cross-border situations. this is particularly true for microenterprises and smes , which often do not have the resources to absorb or pass on the high compliance costs connected to the preparation , placement , publication or dissemination of political advertising in more than one member state , especially in situations where citizens originating from member states other than that in which they live want to vote for candidates in their home country. this limits the availability of services and negatively impacts the possibility for service providers to innovate and offer multi-medium and multi-national campaigns within the internal market.


### (9) in this context , providers of political advertising services are likely to be discouraged from providing their political advertising services in cross-border situations. this is particularly true for microenterprises and smes , which often do not have the resources to absorb or pass on the high compliance costs connected to the preparation , placement , publication or dissemination of political advertising in more than one member state. this limits the availability of services and negatively impacts the possibility for service providers to innovate and offer multi-medium and multi-national campaigns within the internal market. ### (9) in this context , providers of political advertising services are likely to be discouraged from providing their political advertising services in cross-border situations. this is particularly true for microenterprises and smes , which often do not have the resources to absorb or pass on the high compliance costs connected to the placement , publication or dissemination of political advertising in more than one member state. this limits the availability of services and negatively impacts the possibility for service providers to innovate and offer multi-medium and multi-national campaigns within the internal market.


### (11) member states should not maintain or introduce , in their national laws , provisions diverging from those laid down in this regulation , in particular more or less stringent provisions to ensure a different level of transparency in political advertising. full harmonisation of the transparency requirements linked to political advertisement increases legal certainty and reduces the fragmentation of the obligations that service providers meet in the context of political advertising. ### (11) member states should not maintain or introduce , in their national laws , provisions diverging from those laid down in this regulation , in particular more or less stringent provisions to ensure a different level of transparency and due diligence in political advertising. full harmonisation of the transparency requirements linked to political advertisement increases legal certainty and reduces the fragmentation of the obligations that service providers meet in the context of political advertising.


### (13) this regulation should not affect the substantive content of political advertising nor rules regulating the display of political advertising including so-called silence periods preceding elections or referendums. ### (13) this regulation should not affect the substantive content of political advertising nor union or member states rules regulating the content of political advertisement , presentation of political advertising , including so-called silence periods preceding elections or referendums , and rules regarding the organisation and conduct of political campaigning.


### (14) the regulation should provide for harmonised transparency requirement applicable to economic actors providing political advertising and related services (i.e. activities that are normally provided for remuneration); those services consist in particular of the preparation , placement , promotion , publication and dissemination of political advertising. the rules of this regulation that provide for a high level of transparency of political advertising services are based on article 114 of the tfeu. this regulation should also address the use of targeting and amplification techniques in the context of the publication , dissemination or promotion of political advertising that involve the processing of personal data. the rules of this regulation that address the use of targeting and amplification are based on article 16 of the tfeu. political advertising directed to individuals in a member state should include advertising entirely prepared , placed or published by service providers established outside the union but disseminated to individuals in the union. to determine whether a political advertisement is directed to individuals in a member state , account should be taken of factors linking it to that member state , including language , context , objective of the advertisement and its means of dissemination. ### (14) the regulation should provide for harmonised transparency and due diligence requirements applicable to economic actors providing political advertising and related services (i.e. activities that are normally provided for remuneration); those services consist in particular of the preparation , placement , promotion , publication and dissemination of political advertising. the rules of this regulation that provide for a high level of transparency of political advertising services are based on article 114 of the tfeu. this regulation should also address the use of targeting and ad delivery techniques in the context of the publication , dissemination or promotion of political advertising that involve the processing of personal data. the rules of this regulation that address the use of targeting and ad delivery are based on article 16 of the tfeu. political advertising directed to individuals in a member state should include advertising entirely prepared , placed , promoted , published or disseminated by service providers established outside the union but disseminated to individuals in the union. to determine whether a political advertisement is directed to individuals in a member state , account should be taken of factors linking it to that member state , including language , context , objective of the advertisement and its means of dissemination.


### (14) the regulation should provide for harmonised transparency requirement applicable to economic actors providing political advertising and related services (i.e. activities that are normally provided for remuneration); those services consist in particular of the preparation , placement , promotion , publication and dissemination of political advertising. the rules of this regulation that provide for a high level of transparency of political advertising services are based on article 114 of the tfeu. this regulation should also address the use of targeting and amplification techniques in the context of the publication , dissemination or promotion of political advertising that involve the processing of personal data. the rules of this regulation that address the use of targeting and amplification are based on article 16 of the tfeu. political advertising directed to individuals in a member state should include advertising entirely prepared , placed or published by service providers established outside the union but disseminated to individuals in the union. to determine whether a political advertisement is directed to individuals in a member state , account should be taken of factors linking it to that member state , including language , context , objective of the advertisement and its means of dissemination. ### (14) the regulation should provide for harmonised transparency and due diligence requirement applicable to economic actors providing political advertising and related services (i.e. activities that are normally provided for remuneration); those services consist in particular of the preparation , placement , promotion , publication and dissemination of political advertising. the rules of this regulation that provide for a high level of transparency of political advertising services are based on article 114 of the tfeu. this regulation should also address the use of targeting and amplification techniques in the context of the publication , dissemination or promotion of political advertising that involve the processing of personal data. the rules of this regulation that address the use of targeting and amplification are based on article 16 of the tfeu. political advertising directed to individuals in a member state should include advertising entirely prepared , promoted , placed or published by service providers established outside the union but disseminated to individuals in the union. to determine whether a political advertisement is directed to individuals in a member state , account should be taken of factors linking it to that member state , including language , context , objective of the advertisement and its means of dissemination.


### (14) the regulation should provide for harmonised transparency requirement applicable to economic actors providing political advertising and related services (i.e. activities that are normally provided for remuneration); those services consist in particular of the preparation , placement , promotion , publication and dissemination of political advertising. the rules of this regulation that provide for a high level of transparency of political advertising services are based on article 114 of the tfeu. this regulation should also address the use of targeting and amplification techniques in the context of the publication , dissemination or promotion of political advertising that involve the processing of personal data. the rules of this regulation that address the use of targeting and amplification are based on article 16 of the tfeu. political advertising directed to individuals in a member state should include advertising entirely prepared , placed or published by service providers established outside the union but disseminated to individuals in the union. to determine whether a political advertisement is directed to individuals in a member state , account should be taken of factors linking it to that member state , including language , context , objective of the advertisement and its means of dissemination. ### (14) the regulation should provide for harmonised transparency and due diligence requirement applicable to economic actors providing political advertising and related services (i.e. activities that are normally provided for remuneration); those services consist in particular of the preparation , placement , promotion , publication and dissemination of political advertising. the rules of this regulation that provide for a high level of transparency of political advertising services are based on article 114 of the tfeu. this regulation should also address the use of targeting and amplification techniques in the context of the publication , dissemination or promotion of political advertising that involve the processing of personal data. the rules of this regulation that address the use of targeting and amplification are based on article 16 of the tfeu. political advertising directed to individuals in a member state should include advertising entirely prepared , placed or published by service providers established outside the union but disseminated to individuals in the union. to determine whether a political advertisement is directed to individuals in a member state , account should be taken of factors linking it to that member state , including language , context , objective of the advertisement and its means of dissemination.


### (14) the regulation should provide for harmonised transparency requirement applicable to economic actors providing political advertising and related services (i.e. activities that are normally provided for remuneration); those services consist in particular of the preparation , placement , promotion , publication and dissemination of political advertising. the rules of this regulation that provide for a high level of transparency of political advertising services are based on article 114 of the tfeu. this regulation should also address the use of targeting and amplification techniques in the context of the publication , dissemination or promotion of political advertising that involve the processing of personal data. the rules of this regulation that address the use of targeting and amplification are based on article 16 of the tfeu. political advertising directed to individuals in a member state should include advertising entirely prepared , placed or published by service providers established outside the union but disseminated to individuals in the union. to determine whether a political advertisement is directed to individuals in a member state , account should be taken of factors linking it to that member state , including language , context , objective of the advertisement and its means of dissemination. ### (14) the regulation should provide for harmonised transparency requirement applicable to economic actors providing political advertising and related services (i.e. activities that are normally provided for remuneration); those services consist in particular of the preparation , placement , promotion , publication and dissemination of political advertising. the rules of this regulation that provide for a high level of transparency of political advertising services are based on article 114 of the tfeu. this regulation should also address the use of targeting and ad delivery techniques in the context of the publication , dissemination or promotion of political advertising. the rules of this regulation that address the use of targeting and ad delivery are based on article 16 of the tfeu. political advertising directed to individuals in a member state should include advertising entirely prepared , placed or published by service providers established outside the union but disseminated to individuals in the union. to determine whether a political advertisement is directed to individuals in a member state , account should be taken of factors linking it to that member state , including language , context , objective of the advertisement and its means of dissemination.


### (14) the regulation should provide for harmonised transparency requirement applicable to economic actors providing political advertising and related services (i.e. activities that are normally provided for remuneration); those services consist in particular of the preparation , placement , promotion , publication and dissemination of political advertising. the rules of this regulation that provide for a high level of transparency of political advertising services are based on article 114 of the tfeu. this regulation should also address the use of targeting and amplification techniques in the context of the publication , dissemination or promotion of political advertising that involve the processing of personal data. the rules of this regulation that address the use of targeting and amplification are based on article 16 of the tfeu. political advertising directed to individuals in a member state should include advertising entirely prepared , placed or published by service providers established outside the union but disseminated to individuals in the union. to determine whether a political advertisement is directed to individuals in a member state , account should be taken of factors linking it to that member state , including language , context , objective of the advertisement and its means of dissemination. ### (14) the regulation should provide for harmonised transparency requirement applicable to economic actors providing political advertising and related services (i.e. activities that are normally provided for remuneration); those services consist in particular of the preparation , placement , promotion , publication and dissemination of political advertising. the rules of this regulation that provide for a high level of transparency of political advertising services are based on article 114 of the tfeu. this regulation should address the lack of skills , knowledge and understanding on digital and media literacy by promoting tools and measures for the development of digital and media literacy programmes , including through education and training , skilling and reskilling programmes and ensuring proper gender and age balance in view of allowing a democratic control of political advertising. this regulation should also address the use of targeting and ad delivery techniques are based on article 16 of the tfeu. political advertising directed to individuals in a member state should include advertising entirely placed or published by service providers established outside the union but disseminated to individuals in the union. to determine whether a political advertisement is directed to individuals in a member state , account should be taken of factors linking it to that member state , including language , context , objective of the advertisement and its means of dissemination.


### (15) there is no existing definition of political advertising or political advertisement at union level. a common definition is needed to establish the scope of application of the harmonised transparency obligations and rules on targeting and amplification. this definition should cover the many forms that political advertising can take and any means and mode of publication or dissemination within the union , regardless of whether the source is located within the union or in a third country. ### (15) there is no existing definition of political advertising or political advertisement at union level. a common definition is needed to establish the scope of application of the harmonised transparency obligations and rules on targeting and ad delivery. this definition should cover the many forms that political advertising can take and any means and mode of publication or dissemination within the union , regardless of whether the source is located within the union or in a third country.


### (16) the definition of political advertising should include advertising published or disseminated directly or indirectly by or published or disseminated directly or indirectly for or on behalf of a political actor. since advertisements by , for or on behalf of a political actor cannot be detached from their activity in their role as political actor , they can be presumed to be liable to influence the political debate , except for messages of purely private or purely commercial nature. ### (16) the definition of political advertising should include advertising presented , promoted , published or disseminated directly or indirectly by or presented , promoted , published or disseminated directly or indirectly for or on behalf of a political actor. since advertisements by , for or on behalf of a political actor cannot be detached from their activity in their role as political actor , they can be presumed to be liable to influence the political debate , except for messages of purely private or purely commercial nature.


### (16) the definition of political advertising should include advertising published or disseminated directly or indirectly by or published or disseminated directly or indirectly for or on behalf of a political actor. since advertisements by , for or on behalf of a political actor cannot be detached from their activity in their role as political actor , they can be presumed to be liable to influence the political debate , except for messages of purely private or purely commercial nature. ### (16) the definition of political advertising should include advertising published , promoted or disseminated directly or indirectly by or published or disseminated directly or indirectly for or on behalf of a political actor. since advertisements by , for or on behalf of a political actor cannot be detached from their activity in their role as political actor , they can be presumed to be liable to influence the political debate , except for messages of purely private or purely commercial nature.


### (16) the definition of political advertising should include advertising published or disseminated directly or indirectly by or published or disseminated directly or indirectly for or on behalf of a political actor. since advertisements by , for or on behalf of a political actor cannot be detached from their activity in their role as political actor , they can be presumed to be liable to influence the political debate , except for messages of purely private or purely commercial nature. ### (16) the definition of political advertising should include advertising published or disseminated directly or indirectly by , or published or disseminated directly or indirectly for or on behalf of a political actor , as well as the obligation to use decent language without attacks of any kind on political opponents or opposing candidates. since advertisements by , for or on behalf of a political actor cannot be detached from their activity in their role as political actor , they can be presumed to be liable to influence the political debate , except for messages of purely private or purely commercial nature.


### (17) the publication or dissemination by other actors of a message that is liable to influence the outcome of an election or referendum , legislative or regulatory process or voting behaviour should also constitute political advertising. in order to determine whether the publication or dissemination of a message is liable to influence the outcome of an election or referendum , a legislative or regulatory process or voting behaviour , account should be taken of all relevant factors such as the content of the message , the language used to convey the message , the context in which the message is conveyed , the objective of the message and the means by which the message is published or disseminated. messages on societal or controversial issues may , as the case may be , be liable to influence the outcome of an election or referendum , a legislative or regulatory process or voting behaviour. ### (17) the promotion , publication or dissemination by other actors of a message that is liable to influence the outcome of an election or referendum , legislative or regulatory process or voting behaviour at union , national , regional , local or at a political party level , should also constitute political advertising. in order to determine whether the promotion , publication or dissemination of a message is liable to influence the outcome of an election or referendum , a legislative or regulatory process or voting behaviour , account should be taken of all relevant factors such as the content of the message , the language used to convey the message , the potential audience targeted by the sponsor , the context in which the message is conveyed , the objective of the message and the means by which the message is promoted , published or disseminated. messages on societal or controversial issues are liable to influence the outcome of an election or referendum , a legislative or regulatory process or voting behaviour and should fall within the scope of this regulation.


### (17) the publication or dissemination by other actors of a message that is liable to influence the outcome of an election or referendum , legislative or regulatory process or voting behaviour should also constitute political advertising. in order to determine whether the publication or dissemination of a message is liable to influence the outcome of an election or referendum , a legislative or regulatory process or voting behaviour , account should be taken of all relevant factors such as the content of the message , the language used to convey the message , the context in which the message is conveyed , the objective of the message and the means by which the message is published or disseminated. messages on societal or controversial issues may , as the case may be , be liable to influence the outcome of an election or referendum , a legislative or regulatory process or voting behaviour. ### (17) the publication , promotion or dissemination by other actors of a message that is liable to influence the outcome of an election or referendum , legislative or regulatory process or voting behaviour at local , national and european level should also constitute political advertising. in order to determine whether the publication or dissemination of a message is liable to influence the outcome of an election or referendum , a legislative or regulatory process or voting behaviour , account should be taken of all relevant factors such as the content of the message , the language used to convey the message , the context in which the message is conveyed , the objective and intention of the message and the means by which the message is published or disseminated. messages on societal or controversial issues may , as the case may be , be liable to influence the outcome of an election or referendum , a legislative or regulatory process or voting behaviour.


### (17) the publication or dissemination by other actors of a message that is liable to influence the outcome of an election or referendum , legislative or regulatory process or voting behaviour should also constitute political advertising. in order to determine whether the publication or dissemination of a message is liable to influence the outcome of an election or referendum , a legislative or regulatory process or voting behaviour , account should be taken of all relevant factors such as the content of the message , the language used to convey the message , the context in which the message is conveyed , the objective of the message and the means by which the message is published or disseminated. messages on societal or controversial issues may , as the case may be , be liable to influence the outcome of an election or referendum , a legislative or regulatory process or voting behaviour. ### (17) the publication or dissemination by other actors of a message that is liable , planned and intended to influence the outcome of an election or referendum , legislative or regulatory process or voting behaviour should also constitute political advertising. in order to determine whether the publication or dissemination of a message is liable , planned and intended to influence the outcome of an election or referendum , a legislative or regulatory process or voting behaviour , account should be taken of all relevant factors such as the content of the message , the language used to convey the message , the context in which the message is conveyed , the objective of the message and the means by which the message is published or disseminated. messages on societal or controversial issues may , as the case may be , be liable to influence the outcome of an election or referendum , a legislative or regulatory process or voting behaviour.


### (18) practical information from official sources regarding the organisation and modalities for participation in the elections or referendums should not constitute political advertising. ### deleted


### (19) political views expressed in the programmes of audiovisual linear broadcasts or published in printed media without direct payment or equivalent remuneration should not be covered by this regulation. ### (19) political views expressed under the editorial responsibility of a media service provider without direct payment or equivalent remuneration should not be covered by this regulation. editorial responsibility should be understood as the exercise of effective control both over the selection of the programmes or press publications and over their organisation , for the purposes of the provision of a media service


### (19) political views expressed in the programmes of audiovisual linear broadcasts or published in printed media without direct payment or equivalent remuneration should not be covered by this regulation. ### (19) political views expressed and disseminated in content under the editorial responsibility of a media service provider pursuant to article 1 paragraph 1 , letter d of directive 2010/13/eu , in licensed radio or audio offerings or published in printed or online-media without direct payment or any other equivalent remuneration should not be covered by this regulation.


### (19) political views expressed in the programmes of audiovisual linear broadcasts or published in printed media without direct payment or equivalent remuneration should not be covered by this regulation. ### (19) political views expressed subject to the editorial responsibility of a media service provider , without direct payment or equivalent remuneration , observant of ethics and accountable journalism practices and union law , including the charter of fundamental rights , should not be considered political advertising and should not be covered by this regulation.