### the commission will systematically identify and record the results of the research and innovation activities under the programme and transfer or disseminate these results and knowledge produced in a non - discriminatory fashion to industry and enterprises of all sizes , public administrations , academia , civil society organisations and policy - makers , in order to maximise the european added value of the programme . ### the commission will systematically identify and record the results of the research and innovation activities under the programme and transfer or disseminate these results and knowledge produced in a non - discriminatory fashion to industry and enterprises of all sizes , public administrations , academia , civil society organisations and policy - makers within and outside the eu , in order to maximise the added value of the programme .


### greater impact will be obtained through aligning actions with other nations and regions of the world within an international cooperation effort of unprecedented scale . based on mutual benefit , partners from across the world will be invited to join eu efforts as an integral part of initiatives in support of eu action for sustainability , reinforced research and innovation excellence , and competitiveness . ### greater impact will be obtained through aligning actions with other nations and regions of the world within an international cooperation effort of unprecedented scale , to develop a shared future based on sustainable development bringing together knowledge capacity and infrastructure to support actions on both sides . based on mutual benefit , partners from across the world , including research and education partners , industry , government and ngos , will be invited to join eu efforts as an integral part of initiatives in support of eu action for sustainability , reinforced research and innovation excellence , and competitiveness . the transfer of knowledge , capacity and infrastructure between the partners internationally will drive shared approaches and regulation that will bring synergistic trading to both .


### greater impact will be obtained through aligning actions with other nations and regions of the world within an international cooperation effort of unprecedented scale . based on mutual benefit , partners from across the world will be invited to join eu efforts as an integral part of initiatives in support of eu action for sustainability , reinforced research and innovation excellence , and competitiveness . ### greater impact will be obtained through aligning actions with other nations and regions of the world , especially low and middle income countries , within an international cooperation effort of unprecedented scale . based on mutual benefit , partners from across the world will be invited to join eu efforts as an integral part of initiatives in support of eu action for sustainability , reinforced research and innovation excellence , and competitiveness .


### greater impact will be obtained through aligning actions with other nations and regions of the world within an international cooperation effort of unprecedented scale . based on mutual benefit , partners from across the world will be invited to join eu efforts as an integral part of initiatives in support of eu action for sustainability , reinforced research and innovation excellence , and competitiveness . ### greater impact will be obtained through aligning actions with other nations and regions of the world within an international cooperation effort of unprecedented scale . based on mutual benefit , partners from across the world will be invited to join eu efforts as an integral part of initiatives in support of eu action for poverty - eradication , sustainability , reinforced research and innovation excellence , and competitiveness .


### international joint action will ensure effective tackling of global societal challenges and sustainable development goals , access to the world’s best talents , expertise and resources , and enhanced supply and demand of innovative solutions . ### international joint action will ensure effective tackling of global societal challenges and sustainable development goals . given the global nature of these challenges and their close relation with low and middle income countries , the effort shall be directed into a strategic cooperation between the world’s best talents , expertise and resources , while working in line with developmental policies , in order to avoid a “brain drain” from developing countries .


### international joint action will ensure effective tackling of global societal challenges and sustainable development goals , access to the world’s best talents , expertise and resources , and enhanced supply and demand of innovative solutions . ### international joint action , particularly focused on addressing market failures , will ensure effective tackling of global societal challenges and neglected areas of research , achieving the sustainable development goals , access to the world’s best talents , expertise and resources , and enhanced supply and demand of innovative solutions .


### health research and innovation research and innovation have played a significant part in this achievement but also in improving productivity and quality in the health and care industry . however , the eu continues to face novel , newly emerging or persisting challenges that are threatening its citizens and public health , the sustainability of its health care and social protection systems , as well as the competitiveness of its health and care industry . major health challenges in the eu include : the lack of effective health promotion and disease prevention ; the rise of non - communicable diseases ; the spread of antimicrobial drug resistance and the emergence of infectious epidemics ; increased environmental pollution ; the persistence of health inequalities among and within countries affecting disproportionally people that are disadvantaged or in vulnerable stages of life ; the detection , understanding , control , prevention and mitigation of health risks in a rapidly changing social , urban and natural environment ; the increasing costs for european health care systems and the progressive introduction of personalised medicine approaches and digitalisation in health and care ; and the increasing pressure on the european health and care industry to remain competitive in and by developing health innovation vis - a - vis new and emerging global players . ### health research and innovation research and innovation have played a significant part in this achievement but also in improving productivity and quality in the health and care industry . however , the eu continues to face novel , newly emerging or persisting challenges that are threatening its citizens and public health , the sustainability of its health care and social protection systems , as well as the competitiveness of its health and care industry . major health challenges in the eu include : the lack of effective health promotion and disease prevention ; the rise of non - communicable diseases ; the spread of antimicrobial drug resistance and the emergence of infectious epidemics ; increased environmental pollution ; the persistence of health inequalities among and within countries affecting disproportionally people that are disadvantaged or in vulnerable stages of life ; the detection , understanding , control , prevention and mitigation of health risks in a rapidly changing social , urban and natural environment ; the increasing costs for european health care systems and the progressive introduction of personalised medicine approaches and digitalisation in health and care ; and the increasing pressure on the european health and care industry to remain competitive in and by developing health innovation vis - a - vis new and emerging global players . globally , deaths from preventable diseases remain unacceptably high , particularly for children . access to essential medicines remains out of reach for many in the developing world , due to prohibitively high costs , or because insufficient investment has been made into tackling neglected diseases . health research under horizon europe must be driven by the principles of the doha declaration on the trips agreement and public health to increase research into neglected diseases , ensure global access to essential medicines , recognise the right to healthcare as a human right , and stimulate new funding mechanisms to encourage greater collaborative efforts to tackle global health challenges in europe and the developing world .


### –influence of traditions , behavioural patterns , perceptions and beliefs on values and sense of belonging . ### –influence of traditions , behavioural patterns , perceptions and beliefs on values and sense of belonging in a european society characterized by pluralism , tolerance and solidarity .


### –the capacities of society to better manage and reduce disaster risk , including through nature - based solutions , by enhancing prevention , preparedness and response to existing and new risks ### –the capacities of society to increase resilience and better manage and reduce disaster risk , including through nature - based solutions , by enhancing prevention , preparedness and response to existing and new risks


### human activities are exerting increasing pressure on soils , seas and oceans , water , air , biodiversity and other natural resources . nourishing the planet’s growing population is directly dependent on the health of natural systems and resources . however , combined with climate change , humanity’s growing demand for natural resources creates environmental pressures that go far beyond sustainable levels , affecting ecosystems and their capacity to provide services for human well - being . the concepts of the circular economy , the bioeconomy and the blue economy provide an opportunity to balance environmental , social and economic goals and to set human activities on a path to sustainability . ### human activities are exerting increasing pressure on soils , seas and oceans , water , air , biodiversity and other natural resources . nourishing the planet’s growing population is directly dependent on the health of natural systems and resources . however , combined with climate change , humanity’s growing demand for natural resources creates environmental pressures that go far beyond sustainable levels , affecting ecosystems and their capacity to provide services for human well - being . growth in food production is not matching growth in global population . this requires breakthroughs in intensification of production . the concepts of the circular economy , the bioeconomy and the blue economy provide an opportunity to balance environmental , social and economic goals and to set human activities on a path to sustainability . at the same time , we must ensure nutrition and health are central to how our food production systems are implemented .


### –sustainable and healthy diets for people’s well - being across their lifespan ; ### –sustainable and healthy diets for people’s well - being across their lifespan ensuring that food production and processing systems are designed from the ground up with nutritional needs in mind . ;


### to maintain a high level of safety provided by common safety standards defined by directive 2009 / 45 / ec of the european parliament and of the council16 and to preserve level playing field , the application of that directive should be improved . directive 2009 / 45 / ec should apply only to passenger ships and craft for which its safety standards have been designed . a number of specific ship types should be therefore excluded from its scope , such as tenders , sailing ships or ships transporting trained personnel engaged in business of the ship or offshore installations . _________________ 16 directive 2009 / 45 / ec of the european parliament and of the council of 6 may 2009 on safety rules and standards for passenger ships . ### ship - carried tenders are used to ferry passengers from ships to shore and back only , and they should not be used for other types of services such as , for example , coastal sightseeing excursions and other similar activities , which should be undertaken by ships that meet the requirements for passenger ships of the coastal state , as provided for by inter alia the imo guidelines . the commission should therefore assess the need for common european requirements , including mandatory provisions , for this category , and issue specific guidelines before 2020 , also in order to facilitate the harmonisation of rules and standards between member states .


### in view of increasing legal clarity and consistency , a number of definitions and references should be updated and further aligned with the related international or union rules . in doing so , special care should be taken not to alter the existing scope and level of safety provided by directive 2009 / 45 / ec . in particular , the definition of traditional ship should be better aligned with directive 2002 / 59 / ec of the european parliament and of the council18 , while preserving the current criteria of the year of built and type of material . the definition of pleasure yacht and craft should be further aligned with the international convention for the safety of life at sea . _________________ 18 directive 2002 / 59 / ec of the european parliament and of the council of 27 june 2002 establishing a community vessel traffic monitoring and information system and repealing council directive 93 / 75 / eec . ### in view of increasing legal clarity and consistency , a number of definitions and references should be updated and further aligned with the related international or union rules . in doing so , special care should be taken not to alter the existing scope and to increase the level of safety provided by directive 2009 / 45 / ec . in particular , the definition of traditional ship should be better aligned with directive 2002 / 59 / ec of the european parliament and of the council18 , while preserving the current criteria of the year of built and type of material . the definition of pleasure yacht and craft should be further aligned with the international convention for the safety of life at sea .


### in view of the principle of proportionality , the current prescriptive requirements derived from the solas convention have proven difficult to adapt to small passenger vessels below 24 meters in length . furthermore , small ships are primarily built in other materials than steel and only a very limited number of such ships have been therefore certified under directive 2009 / 45 / ec . in the absence of specific safety concerns and adequate standards provided by the directive , ships bellow 24 meters in length should be therefore excluded from its scope and should be subjected to specific safety standards determined by member states that are better placed to assess the local limitations of navigation for these ships in terms of distance to coast or port and weather conditions . ### in view of the principle of proportionality , the current prescriptive requirements derived from the solas convention have proven difficult to adapt to small passenger vessels below 24 meters in length . furthermore , small ships are primarily built in other materials than steel and only a very limited number of such ships have been therefore certified under directive 2009 / 45 / ec . in the absence of specific safety concerns and adequate standards provided by the directive , ships bellow 24 meters in length should be therefore excluded from its scope and should be subjected to specific safety standards determined by member states that are better placed to assess the local limitations of navigation for these ships in terms of distance to coast or port and weather conditions . in determining those standards , member states should act in accordance with guidelines to be published by the commission , and taking into consideration imo international conventions , and should avoid introducing requirements subsequent to international rules . the commission should expedite the development of guidelines for these vessels , as provided for by the commission work programme 2017 .


### to increase the transparency and to facilitate the notification of exemptions , equivalencies and additional safety measures by member states , a database should be established and maintained for this purpose by the commission . it should include the notified measures in their draft and adopted form . ### to increase the transparency and to facilitate the notification of exemptions , equivalencies and additional safety measures by member states , a database should be established and maintained for this purpose by the commission in cooperation with the member states . it should include the notified measures in their draft and adopted form .


### in order to provide information to its employees , the company carrying out the cross - border conversion should prepare a report explaining the implications of the proposed cross - border conversion for employees . the report should explain in particular the implications of the proposed cross - border conversion on the safeguarding of the jobs of the employees , whether there would be any material change in the employment relationships and the locations of the companies’ places of business and how each of these factors would relate to any subsidiaries of the company . this requirement should not however apply where the only employees of the company are in its administrative organ . the provision of the report should be without prejudice to the applicable information and consultation proceedings instituted at national level following the implementation of directive 2002 / 14 / ec of the european parliament and of the council43 or directive 2009 / 38 / ec of the european parliament and of the council44 . __________________ 43 directive 2002 / 14 / ec of the european parliament and of the council of 11 march 2002 establishing a general framework for informing and consulting employees in the european community . 44 directive 2009 / 38 / ec of the european parliament and of the council of 6 may 2009 on the establishment of a european works council or a procedure in community - scale undertakings and community - scale groups of undertakings for the purposes of informing and consulting employees . ### in order to provide information to its employees , the company carrying out the cross - border conversion should prepare a report explaining the implications of the proposed cross - border conversion for employees , information on the procedures by which arrangements for the involvement of employees in the definition of their rights to participation in the converted company are determined and on the possible options for such arrangements . the report should explain in particular the implications of the proposed cross - border conversion on the safeguarding of the jobs of the employees , whether there would be any material change in the employment relationships and in the application of collective agreements as well as the locations of the companies’ central administration or places of business - places of business and how each of these factors would relate to any subsidiaries of the company . the provision of the report should be delivered in a timely manner and in such a way as to allow the employees to meet with company representatives , to formulate their opinion and to seek external expert advice without prejudice to the applicable information and consultation proceedings instituted at national level following the implementation of directive 2002 / 14 / ec of the european parliament and of the council43 or directive 2009 / 38 / ec of the european parliament and of the council44 . __________________ 43 directive 2002 / 14 / ec of the european parliament and of the council of 11 march 2002 establishing a general framework for informing and consulting employees in the european community . 44 directive 2009 / 38 / ec of the european parliament and of the council of 6 may 2009 on the establishment of a european works council or a procedure in community - scale undertakings and community - scale groups of undertakings for the purposes of informing and consulting employees .


### in order to prevent the circumvention of employee participation rights by means of a cross - border conversion , the company carrying out a conversion which is registered in the member state which provides for the employee participation rights , should not be able to perform a cross - border conversion without first entering into negotiations with its employees or their representatives when the average number of employees employed by that company is equivalent to four fifths of the national threshold for triggering such employee participation . ### a company shall not be allowed to circumvent employee participation rights by means of a cross - border conversion . the company carrying out a conversion which is registered in a member state which provides for the employee participation rights , should not be able to perform a cross - border conversion without first entering into negotiations with its employees or their representatives when the average number of employees employed by that company is equivalent to two thirds of the national threshold for triggering such employee participation .


### the management or administrative organ of the company which intends to carry out a cross - border conversion shall draw up the draft terms of a cross - border conversion . the draft terms of a cross - border conversion shall include at least the following : ### the management or administrative organ , including employee board level representatives , of the company which intends to carry out a cross - border conversion shall draw up the draft terms of a cross - border conversion . the draft terms of a cross - border conversion . if the company is subject to board level employee representation , this board shall be included into the decision on the draft terms in accordance with national law and practice . the draft terms of a cross - border conversion shall include at least the following :


### the legal form , name and registered office of the company in the departure member state ; ### the legal form , name , location of the registered office , of the company in the departure member state ;


### any special advantages granted to members of the administrative , management , supervisory or controlling organ of the converted company ; ### any additional salary , bonuses relating to the conversion or other special advantages granted to members of the administrative , management , supervisory or controlling organ of the converted company ;


### where appropriate , information on the procedures by which arrangements for the involvement of employees in the definition of their rights to participation in the converted company are determined pursuant to article 86l and on the possible options for such arrangements . ### the likely repercussions of the cross - border conversion on employment information on the procedures by which arrangements for the involvement of employees in the definition of their rights to information , consultation and participation in the converted company are determined pursuant to article 86l and on the possible options for such arrangements .


### article 86l employee participation ### article 86l employee information , consultation and participation


### when regulating the principles and procedures referred to in paragraph 3 , member states : ### when regulating the principles and procedures referred to in paragraph 3 , member states shall ensure that the rules on employee participation that applied prior to the cross - border conversion continue to apply until the date of application of any subsequently agreed rules or in the absence of agreed rules until the application of default rules in accordance with point of part 3 of the annex .


### where the converted company is operating under an employee participation system , that company shall be obliged to take measures to ensure that employees ' participation rights are protected in the event of any subsequent cross - border or domestic merger , division or conversion for a period of three years after the cross - border conversion has taken effect , by applying mutatis mutandis the rules laid down in paragraphs 1 to 6 . ### where the converted company is operating under an employee participation system , that company shall be obliged to take measures to ensure that employees ' participation rights are protected also in the event of any subsequent cross - border or domestic merger , division or conversion for a period of ten years after the cross - border conversion has taken effect , by applying mutatis mutandis the rules laid down in paragraphs 1 to 3 .


### all comments and opinions submitted by interested parties in accordance with article 86h ; ### all comments and opinions submitted by interested parties in accordance with article 86h , particularly the opinion referred in article 86 f ;


### at the 21st conference of the parties to the united nations framework convention on climate change which took place in paris from 30 november to 12 december 2015 , an international agreement was adopted to strengthen the global response to climate change . the paris agreement , inter alia , sets out a long - term goal in line with the objective to keep the global temperature increase well below 2&#176 ; c above pre - industrial levels and to pursue efforts to keep it to 1 , 5&#176 ; c above pre - industrial levels . the paris agreement was approved on behalf of the union by council decision 2016 / 1841 . the paris agreement entered into force on 4th november 2016 . in order to achieve the goal of the paris agreement , parties will prepare , communicate and maintain successive nationally determined contributions . ### at the 21st conference of the parties to the united nations framework convention on climate change which took place in paris from 30 november to 12 december 2015 , an international agreement was adopted to strengthen the global response to climate change . the paris agreement , inter alia , sets out a long - term goal in line with the objective to keep the global temperature increase well below 2&#176 ; c above pre - industrial levels and to pursue efforts to keep it to 1 , 5&#176 ; c above pre - industrial levels . the paris agreement was approved on behalf of the union by council decision 2016 / 1841 . the paris agreement entered into force on 4th november 2016 . in order to achieve the goal of the paris agreement , parties will prepare , communicate and maintain successive nationally determined contributions and continuous political will in decision - making in line with the agreement is needed to ensure reaching its objectives .


### in the light of the resolution adopted at icao ' s 39th assembly in october 2016 on the implementation of a global market - based measure from 2021 to offset international aviation emissions above 2020 levels , it is considered appropriate to continue the existing derogation pending further progress on the design elements and the implementation of the global market - based measure . in this regard , the adoption of standards and recommended practices by icao to complement that resolution and implement the global system is planned for 2018 . however , its concrete operationalisation will require action by icao parties at domestic level . also , governance arrangements must be developed by icao , including a registry system . in this context , the current derogation of the eu ets obligations for flights to and from third countries should be extended , subject to the review on implementing the icao scheme , in order to promote momentum in icao and facilitate the operationalisation of the icao scheme . as a result of the extension of the derogation , the amount of allowances to be auctioned and issued for free , including from the special reserve , should be the same as would correspond to 2016 , and should be proportional to the reduction of the surrender obligation . ### in the light of the resolution adopted at icao ' s 39thassembly in october 2016 on the implementation of a global market - based measure from 2021 to offset international aviation emissions above 2020 levels , it is considered appropriate to continue the existing derogation pending further progress on the design elements and the implementation of the global market - based measure . in this regard , the adoption of standards and recommended practices by icao to complement that resolution and implement the global system is planned for 2018 . however , its concrete operationalisation will require action by icao parties at domestic level . also , governance arrangements must be developed by icao , including a registry system . in this context , the current derogation of the eu ets obligations for flights to and from third countries should be extended , subject to the review on implementing the icao scheme , in order to promote momentum in icao and facilitate the operationalisation of the icao scheme . as a result of the extension of the derogation , the amount of allowances to be auctioned and issued for free , including from the special reserve , should be the same as would correspond to 2016 , and should be proportional to the reduction of the surrender obligation . the eu shall continue to work with supporting member states to use the revenues generated from the auctioning of allowances to be used to tackle climate change .


### given that key features of the global market - based measure have yet to be developed and that its implementation depends on domestic legislation by states and regions , it is considered appropriate for a review to take place once there is clarity about the nature and content and of these legal instruments in advance of the start of icao ' s global market - based measure , and a report submitted to the european parliament and council . that report should consider any standards or other instruments adopted through icao , the actions taken by third countries to implement the global market - based measure to apply to emissions from 2021 and other relevant international developments . that report should consider how to implement these instruments in union law through a revision of the eu ets . it should also consider the rules applicable to intra - eea flights as appropriate . that report should be accompanied by a proposal as appropriate to the european parliament and the council consistent with ensuring the contribution of aviation to the union ' s 2030 economy - wide greenhouse gas reduction commitment . ### given that key features of the global market - based measure have yet to be developed and that its implementation depends on domestic legislation by states and regions , it is considered appropriate for a review to take place once there is clarity about the nature and content and of these legal instruments in advance of the start of icao ' s global market - based measure , and a report submitted to the european parliament and council . in order to succeed with the scheme , the eu shall continue to support its member states and keep close cooperation with the icao in its role as observer , to encourage transparency of information and the progress of the icao agreement . that report should consider any standards or other instruments adopted through icao , the actions taken by third countries to implement the global market - based measure to apply to emissions from 2021 and other relevant international developments . that report should consider how to implement these instruments in union law through a revision of the eu ets . it should also consider the rules applicable to intra - eea flights as appropriate . that report should be accompanied by a proposal as appropriate to the european parliament and the council consistent with ensuring the contribution of aviation to the union ' s 2030 economy - wide greenhouse gas reduction commitment .


### it shall be for member states to determine the use to be made of revenues generated from the auctioning of allowances . those revenues should be used to tackle climate change in the eu and third countries , inter alia , to reduce greenhouse gas emissions , to adapt to the impacts of climate change in the eu and third countries , especially developing countries , to fund research and development for mitigation and adaptation , including in particular in the fields of aeronautics and air transport , to reduce emissions through low - emission transport and to cover the cost of administering the community scheme . the proceeds of auctioning should also be used to fund contributions to the global energy efficiency and renewable energy fund , and measures to avoid deforestation . ### –1cin article 3d , the first subparagraph is replaced by the following : 4 . all revenues shall be used to tackle climate change in the union and third countries , inter alia , to reduce greenhouse gas emissions , to adapt to the impacts of climate change in the union and third countries , especially developing countries , to fund research and development for mitigation and adaptation , including in particular in the fields of aeronautics and air transport , to reduce emissions through low - emission transport and to cover the cost of administering the union scheme . the proceeds of auctioning may also be used to fund contributions to the global energy efficiency and renewable energy fund , and measures to avoid deforestation . transparency on the use of revenues generated from the auctioning of allowances under directive 2003 / 87 / ec is fundamental to underpinning union commitments .


### from 1 january 2017 , by way of derogation from articles 3d to 3f and until amendments subsequent to the review referred to in article 28b have entered into force , aircraft operators shall be issued , each year , the number of allowances that corresponds to the year 2016 . from 2021 onwards that number of allowances shall be subject to the application of the linear factor in article 9 . ### from 1 january 2017 , by way of derogation from articles 3d to 3e and until amendments subsequent to the review referred to in article 28b have entered into force , the total quantity of allowances to be allocated to aircraft operators in 2021 shall be 10% lower than the average allocation for the period from 1 january 2014 to 31 december 2016 , and then decrease annually at the same rate as that of the total cap for the eu ets referred to in the second subparagraph of article 10 so as to bring the cap for the aviation sector more in line with the other eu ets sectors by 2030 . by way of derogation from article 3f , allowances that are not allocated , as a result of the application of the first subparagraph of this paragraph , shall be cancelled . as regards activity in the period from 1 january 2017 to 31 december 2020 , member states shall publish the number of aviation allowances allocated to each aircraft operator by 1 september 2018 .


### the commission shall report to the european parliament and the council on the relevant icao standards or other legal instruments as well as on domestic measures taken by third countries to implement the global market - based measure to be applied to emissions from 2021 , and on other relevant international developments . ### in 2019 , the commission shall report to the european parliament and the council on the relevant icao standards and recommended practices , icao council approved recommendations relevant to the global market - based measure task force as well as on domestic measures taken by third countries to implement the global market - based measure to be applied to emissions from 2021 , and on other relevant international developments . the commission shall also report on icao ' s efforts to establish a credible long - term goal for the sector .


### successful resettlement candidates should be granted international protection . accordingly , the provisions of this regulation on the content of international protection should apply , including the rules to discourage secondary movement . ### successful resettlement candidates should be granted international protection . accordingly , the provisions of this regulation on the content of international protection should apply .


### in accordance with relevant case law of the court of justice of the european union , when assessing applications for international protection , the competent authorities of the member states should use methods for the assessment of the applicant ' s credibility in a manner that respects the individual ' s rights as guaranteed by the charter , in particular the right to human dignity and the respect for private and family life . specifically as regards homosexuality , the individual assessment of the applicant ' s credibility should not be based on stereotyped notions concerning homosexuals and the applicant should not be submitted to detailed questioning or tests as to his or her sexual practices . ### in accordance with relevant case law of the court of justice of the european union , when assessing applications for international protection , the competent authorities of the member states should use methods for the assessment of the applicant ' s credibility in a manner that respects the individual ' s rights as guaranteed by the charter , in particular the right to human dignity and the respect for private and family life . specifically as regards sexual orientation and gender identity , the individual assessment of the applicant ' s credibility should not be based on stereotyped notions concerning sexual orientation and gender identity and the applicant should not be submitted to detailed questioning or tests as to his or her sexual practices . moreover , the competent national authorities should not find that the statements of the applicant lack credibility on the sole ground that the applicant did not rely on his or her sexual orientation , gender identity , gender expression or sex characteristics when he or she first set out the details of his or her persecution .


### the competent authorities shall provide beneficiaries of international protection with information on the rights and obligations relating to refugee status or subsidiary protection status , as soon as possible after that has been granted . that information shall be provided in a language that the beneficiary can understand or is reasonably supposed to understand and shall make explicit references to the consequences of not complying with the obligations outlined in article 28 on movement within the union . ### the competent authorities shall provide beneficiaries of international protection with information on the rights and obligations relating to refugee status or subsidiary protection status , as soon as possible after that has been granted . that information shall be provided in a language that the beneficiary can understand or is reasonably supposed to understand and shall make explicit references to the consequences of not complying with the obligations outlined in article 28 on movement within the union . this information shall be provided in writing .


### working conditions , including pay and dismissal , working hours , leave and holidays as well as health and safety requirements at the workplace ; ### working conditions , including pay and dismissal , working hours , maternity leave , leave and holidays as well as health and safety requirements at the workplace ;


### employment - related education opportunities for adults , vocational training , including training courses for upgrading skills , practical workplace experience ; ### education and employment - related education opportunities for adults , vocational training , including training courses for upgrading skills , practical workplace experience ;


### the commission should facilitate the exchange of best practices between the competent national or regional authorities or bodies , for instance through regular meetings to find a common approach to promote a higher uptake of cost - efficient renewable energy projects , encourage investments in new , flexible and clean technologies , and set out an adequate strategy to manage the retirement of technologies which do not contribute to the reduction of emissions or deliver sufficient flexibility , based on transparent criteria and reliable market price signals . ### the commission should facilitate the exchange of best practices between the competent national , regional or local authorities or bodies , for instance through regular meetings to find a common approach to promote a higher uptake of cost - efficient renewable energy projects , encourage investments in new , flexible and clean technologies , and set out an adequate strategy to manage the retirement of technologies which do not contribute to the reduction of emissions or deliver sufficient flexibility , based on transparent criteria and reliable market price signals .


### at national and regional level , rules and obligations for minimum requirements for the use of energy from renewable sources in new and renovated buildings have led to considerable increases in the use of energy from renewable sources . those measures should be encouraged in a wider union context , while promoting the use of more energy - efficient applications of energy from renewable sources through building regulations and codes . ### at national , regional and local level , rules and obligations for minimum requirements for the use of energy from renewable sources in new and renovated buildings have led to considerable increases in the use of energy from renewable sources . those measures should be encouraged in a wider union context , while promoting the use of more energy - efficient applications of energy from renewable sources through building regulations and codes .


### several member states have implemented measures in the heating and cooling sector to reach their 2020 renewable energy target . however , in the absence of binding national targets post - 2020 , the remaining national incentives may not be sufficient to reach the long - term decarbonisation goals for 2030 and 2050 . in order to be in line with such goals , reinforce investor certainty and foster the development of a union - wide renewable heating and cooling market , while respecting the energy efficiency first principle , it is appropriate to encourage the effort of member states in the supply of renewable heating and cooling to contribute to the progressive increase of the share of renewable energy . given the fragmented nature of some heating and cooling markets , it is of utmost importance to ensure flexibility in designing such an effort . it is also important to ensure that a potential uptake of renewable heating and cooling does not have detrimental environmental side - effects . ### several member states have implemented measures in the heating and cooling sector to reach their 2020 renewable energy target . however , in the absence of binding national targets post - 2020 , the remaining national incentives may not be sufficient to reach the long - term decarbonisation goals for 2030 and 2050 . in order to be in line with such goals , reinforce investor certainty and foster the development of a union - wide renewable heating and cooling market , while respecting the energy efficiency first principle , it is appropriate to encourage the effort of member states in the supply of renewable heating and cooling to contribute to the progressive increase of the share of renewable energy . given the fragmented nature of some heating and cooling markets , it is of utmost importance to ensure flexibility in designing such an effort . it is also important to ensure that a potential uptake of renewable heating and cooling does not have detrimental environmental side - effects . to that end , the sustainability criteria for biomass must ensure a high level of sustainable sourcing of biomass , including the consideration of the cascading use principle for biomass feedstock and must guarantee a high efficiency of plants using biomass for heating .


### feedstocks which have low indirect land use change impacts when used for biofuels , should be promoted for their contribution to the decarbonisation of the economy . especially feedstocks for advanced biofuels , for which technology is more innovative and less mature and therefore needs a higher level of support , should be included in an annex to this directive . in order to ensure that this annex is up to date with the latest technological developments while avoiding unintended negative effects , an evaluation should take place after the adoption of the directive in order to assess the possibility to extend the annex to new feedstocks . ### feedstocks which have low indirect land use change impacts when used for biofuels , should be promoted for their contribution to the decarbonisation of the economy . especially feedstocks for advanced biofuels , for which technology is more innovative and less mature and therefore needs a higher level of support , should be included in an annex to this directive . in order to ensure that this annex is up to date with the latest technological developments while avoiding unintended negative effects , an evaluation should take place after the adoption of the directive in order to assess the possibility to review the annex .


### to ensure that , despite the growing demand for forest biomass , harvesting is carried out in a sustainable manner in forests where regeneration is ensured , that special attention is given to areas explicitly designated for the protection of biodiversity , landscapes and specific natural elements , that biodiversity resources are preserved and that carbon stocks are tracked , woody raw material should come only from forests that are harvested in accordance with the principles of sustainable forest management developed under international forest processes such as forest europe and are implemented through national laws or the best management practices at the forest holding level . operators should take the appropriate steps in order to minimise the risk of using unsustainable forest biomass for the production of bioenergy . to that end , operators should put in place a risk - based approach . in this context , it is appropriate for the commission to develop operational guidance on the verification of compliance with the risk based approach , following the consultation of the energy union governance committee , and the standing forestry committee established by council decision 89 / 367 / eec24 . _________________ 24council decision 89 / 367 / eec of 29 may 1989 setting up a standing forestry committee ### to ensure that , despite the growing demand for forest biomass , harvesting is carried out in a sustainable manner in forests where regeneration is ensured , that special attention is given to areas explicitly designated for the protection of biodiversity , landscapes and specific natural elements , that biodiversity resources are preserved and that carbon stocks are tracked , woody raw material should come only from forests that are harvested in accordance with the principles of sustainable forest management developed under international forest processes such as forest europe and are implemented through national laws or the best management practices at the forest holding level . operators should use only sustainably produced biomass . to that end , operators should put in place a risk - based approach for which the commission develops operational guidance , following the consultation of the energy union governance committee , and the standing forestry committee established by council decision 89 / 367 / eec24 . _________________ 24council decision 89 / 367 / eec of 29 may 1989 setting up a standing forestry committee


### to ensure that , despite the growing demand for forest biomass , harvesting is carried out in a sustainable manner in forests where regeneration is ensured , that special attention is given to areas explicitly designated for the protection of biodiversity , landscapes and specific natural elements , that biodiversity resources are preserved and that carbon stocks are tracked , woody raw material should come only from forests that are harvested in accordance with the principles of sustainable forest management developed under international forest processes such as forest europe and are implemented through national laws or the best management practices at the forest holding level . operators should take the appropriate steps in order to minimise the risk of using unsustainable forest biomass for the production of bioenergy . to that end , operators should put in place a risk - based approach . in this context , it is appropriate for the commission to develop operational guidance on the verification of compliance with the risk based approach , following the consultation of the energy union governance committee , and the standing forestry committee established by council decision 89 / 367 / eec24 . _________________ 24 council decision 89 / 367 / eec of 29 may 1989 setting up a standing forestry committee . ### to ensure that , harvesting is carried out in a sustainable manner in forests where regeneration is ensured , that special attention is given to areas explicitly designated for the protection of biodiversity , landscapes and specific natural elements , that biodiversity resources are preserved and that carbon stocks are tracked , woody raw material should come only from forests that are harvested in accordance with the principles of sustainable forest management developed under international forest processes such as forest europe and are implemented through national laws or the best management practices at the forest holding level . operators should avoid to use unsustainable forest biomass for the production of bioenergy . to that end , operators should follow a risk - based approach to be developed by the european commission alongside operational guidance on the verification of compliance with the risk based approach , following the consultation of the energy union governance committee , and the standing forestry committee established by council decision 89 / 367 / eec24 . _________________ 24 council decision 89 / 367 / eec of 29 may 1989 setting up a standing forestry committee .


### ' energy from renewable sources ' means energy from renewable non - fossil sources , namely wind , solar and , geothermal energy , ambient heat , tide , wave and other ocean energy , hydropower , biomass , landfill gas , sewage treatment plant gas and biogases ; ### ' energy from renewable sources ' means energy from renewable non - fossil sources that are compliant with sustainability criteria to guarantee their availability and do not impacts on other possibilities of use , namely wind , solar and&#160 ; , geothermal energy&#160 ; , ambient heat , tide , wave and other&#160 ; ocean energy , hydropower , biomass , landfill gas , sewage treatment plant gas and biogases ;


### ' energy from renewable sources ' means energy from renewable non - fossil sources , namely wind , solar and , geothermal energy , ambient heat , tide , wave and other ocean energy , hydropower , biomass , landfill gas , sewage treatment plant gas and biogases ; ### ' energy from renewable sources ' means energy from renewable non - fossil sources , namely wind , solar and , geothermal energy , ambient heat , tide , wave and other ocean energy , hydropower , biomass , landfill gas , sewage treatment plant gas , biogases and biomethane ;


### ‘ non - food cellulosic material’ means feedstocks mainly composed of cellulose and hemicellulose , and having a lower lignin content than ligno - cellulosic material ; it includes food and feed crop residues , grassy energy crops with a low starch content , industrial residues , and material from biowaste ; ### ‘ non - food cellulosic material’ means feedstocks mainly composed of cellulose and hemicellulose , and having a lower lignin content than ligno - cellulosic material ; it includes food and feed crop residues , grassy energy crops , industrial residues , and material from biowaste ;


### ‘ non - food cellulosic material’ means feedstocks mainly composed of cellulose and hemicellulose , and having a lower lignin content than ligno - cellulosic material ; it includes food and feed crop residues , grassy energy crops with a low starch content , industrial residues , and material from biowaste ; ### ‘ non - food cellulosic material’ means feedstocks mainly composed of cellulose and hemicellulose , and having a lower lignin content than ligno - cellulosic material ; it includes food and feed crop residues , grassy energy crops with a low starch content , cover crops before and after main crops , industrial residues , and material from biowaste ;


### ‘ renewable self - consumer’ means an active customer as defined in directive [ mdi directive ] who consumes and may store and sell renewable electricity which is generated within his or its premises , including a multi - apartment block , a commercial or shared services site or a closed distribution system , provided that , for non - household renewable self - consumers , those activities do not constitute their primary commercial or professional activity ; ### ‘ renewable self - consumer’ means an active customer as defined in directive [ mdi directive ] or a group of customers acting together , who consume and may store and sell renewable energy which is produced within his or its premises , including a multi - apartment block , a commercial or shared services site , a farm or a closed distribution system , provided that , for non - household renewable self - consumers , those activities do not constitute their primary commercial or professional activity ;


### ‘ renewable self - consumption’ means the generation and consumption , and , where applicable , storage , of renewable electricity by renewable self - consumers ; ### ‘ renewable self - consumption’ means the generation and consumption , and , where applicable , storage , of renewable energy by renewable self - consumers ;


### the commission shall support the high ambition of member states through an enabling framework comprising the enhanced use of union funds , in particular financial instruments , especially in view of reducing the cost of capital for renewable energy projects . ### the commission shall support the high ambition of member states through an enabling framework comprising the enhanced use of union funds , in particular financial instruments , especially in view of reducing the cost of capital for renewable energy projects and advanced biorefineries .


### member states shall ensure that renewable self - consumers living in the same multi - apartment block , or located in the same commercial , or shared services , site or closed distribution system , are allowed to jointly engage in self - consumption as if they were an individual renewable self - consumer . in this case , the threshold set out in paragraph 1 shall apply to each renewable self - consumer concerned . ### member states shall ensure that renewable self - consumers living in the same multi - apartment block , or located in the same farm , commercial or shared services , site or closed distribution system , are allowed to jointly engage in self - consumption as if they were an individual renewable self - consumer . in this case , the threshold set out in paragraph 1 shall apply to each renewable self - consumer concerned .


### with effect from 1 january 2021 , member states shall require fuel suppliers to include a minimum share of energy from advanced biofuels and other biofuels and biogas produced from feedstock listed in annex ix , from renewable liquid and gaseous transport fuels of non - biological origin , from waste - based fossil fuels and from renewable electricity in the total amount of transport fuels they supply for consumption or use on the market in the course of a calendar year . ### in order to achieve the target of at least 12% of the final energy consumption from renewable sources in transport by 2030 as referred to in article 3 , with effect from 1 january 2021 , all member states shall require fuel suppliers to include a minimum share of energy from advanced biofuels and other biofuels and biogas produced from feedstock listed in annex ix , from ‘ highly sustainable crop based biofuels’ , from renewable liquid and gaseous transport fuels of non - biological origin , and from renewable electricity in the total amount of transport fuels they supply for consumption or use on the market in the course of a calendar year . member states shall gradually increase the share of renewable energy , nevertheless they remain free to choose between different energy sources for the implementation of their energy policy .


### member states shall put in place a database enabling tracing of transport fuels that are eligible for counting towards the numerator set out in paragraph 1 , and require the relevant economic operators to enter information on the transactions made and the sustainability characteristics of the eligible fuels , including their life cycle greenhouse gas emissions , starting from their point of production to the fuel supplier that places the fuel on the market . ### member states shall put in place a database enabling tracing of transport fuels that are eligible for counting towards the numerator set out in paragraph 1 , and require the relevant economic operators to enter information on the transactions made and the sustainability characteristics of the eligible fuels , including their life cycle greenhouse gas emissions , starting from their point of production to the fuel supplier that places the fuel on the market . member states shall also put in place corrective measures and penalties to be applied in the case of non - compliance by the economic operators .


### eligibility for financial support for the consumption of biofuels , bioliquids and biomass fuels . ### eligibility for financial support , fiscal incentives or other policy measures for the consumption of biofuels , bioliquids and biomass fuels .


### biofuels , bioliquids and biomass fuels produced from agricultural biomass taken into account for the purposes referred to in points , and of paragraph 1 shall not be made from raw material obtained from land that was peatland in january 2008 . ### biofuels , and bioliquids and biomass fuels produced from agricultural and forest biomass taken into account for the purposes referred to in points , and of paragraph 1 shall not be made from raw material obtained from land that was wetland , including peatland in january 2008 .


### when evidence referred to in the first subparagraph is not available , the biofuels , bioliquids and biomass fuels produced from forest biomass shall be taken into account for the purposes referred to in points , and of paragraph 1 if management systems are in place at forest holding level to ensure that carbon stocks and sinks levels in the forest are maintained . ### in addition to evidence referred to in the first subparagraph , in order not to compromise the goal to maintain and enhance the sinks in the lulucf sector , the biofuels , bioliquids and biomass fuels produced from forest biomass shall be taken into account for the purposes referred to in points , and of paragraph 1 if management systems are in place at forest holding level to ensure carbon stocks and sinks levels in the forest . member states shall apply at national and , where appropriate , at regional level , management systems for ensuring carbon stocks in harvested wood products .


### areas of high conservation value , including peatlands and wetlands , are identified and protected ; ### areas of high conservation value and delivering ecosystem services , including peatlands and wetlands , are identified and protected , including areas designated by international and national law as well as european , national and regional authorities


### member states may submit to the commission reports including information on the typical greenhouse gas emissions from cultivation of agricultural raw materials of those areas on their territory classified as level 2 in the nomenclature of territorial units for statistics or as a more disaggregated nuts level in accordance with regulation no 1059 / 2003 of the european parliament and of the council35 the reports shall be accompanied by a description of the method and data sources used to calculate the level of emissions . that method shall take into account soil characteristics , climate and expected raw material yields . _________________ 35 regulation no 1059 / 2003 of the european parliament and of the council of 26 may 2003 on the establishment of a common classification of territorial units for statistics . ### by 2021 , member states shall submit to the commission reports including information on the typical greenhouse gas emissions from cultivation of agricultural raw materials of those areas on their territory classified as level 2 in the nomenclature of territorial units for statistics or as a more disaggregated nuts level in accordance with regulation no 1059 / 2003 of the european parliament and of the council35 the reports shall be accompanied by a description of the method and data sources used to calculate the level of emissions . that method shall take into account soil characteristics , climate and expected raw material yields . _________________ 35 regulation no 1059 / 2003 of the european parliament and of the council of 26 may 2003 on the establishment of a common classification of territorial units for statistics .


### the commission shall keep annex v and annex vi under review , with a view , where justified , to adding or revising values for biofuel , bioliquid and biomass fuel production pathways . that review shall also consider the modification of the methodology laid down in part c of annex v and in part b of annex vi . ### the commission shall keep annex v and annex vi under review , with a view , where justified , to add values for new biofuel , bioliquid and biomass fuel production pathways . that review shall also consider the modification of the methodology laid down in part c of annex v and in part b of annex vi .


### where necessary in order to ensure the uniform application of part c of annex v and part b of annex vi , the commission may adopt implementing acts setting out detailed technical specifications including definitions , conversion factors , calculation of annual cultivation emissions and / or emission savings caused by changes above and below - ground carbon stocks on already cultivated land , calculation of emission savings from carbon capture , carbon replacement and carbon geological storage . those implementing acts shall be adopted in accordance with the examination procedure referred to in article 31 . ### where necessary in order to ensure the uniform application of point 9 of part c of annex v and of point 9 of part b of annex vi , the commission may adopt implementing acts setting out detailed technical specifications including definitions , conversion factors , calculation of annual cultivation emissions and / or emission savings caused by changes above and below - ground carbon stocks on already cultivated land , calculation of emission savings from carbon capture , carbon replacement and carbon geological storage . those implementing acts shall be adopted in accordance with the examination procedure referred to in article 31 .


### the power to adopt delegated acts referred to in articles 7 , 7 ; 19 , 19 , 25 and 28 shall be conferred on the commission for a period of five years from 1st january 2021 . ### the power to adopt delegated acts referred to in articles 7 , 7 ; 19 , 19 , 25 , 26 and 28 shall be conferred on the commission for a period of five years from 1st january 2021 .


### when member states adopt those measures , they shall contain a reference to this directive or shall be accompanied by such a reference on the occasion of their official publication . they shall also include a statement that references in existing laws , regulations and administrative provisions to the directives repealed by this directive shall be construed as references to this directive . member states shall determine how such reference is to be made and how that statement is to be formulated . ### when member states adopt those measures , they shall contain a reference to this directive or shall be accompanied by such a reference on the occasion of their official publication . they shall also include a statement that references in existing laws , regulations and administrative provisions to the directives repealed by this directive shall be construed as references to this directive . member states shall determine how such reference is to be made and how that statement is to be formulated . member states shall decide upon a penalty system applicable to non - compliance .


### e = eec + el + ep + etd + eu – esca – eccs – eccr , ### e = eec + el + ep + etd + eu – esca – eccs – eccru ,


### e = eec + el + ep + etd + eu - esca– eccs - eccr , ### e = eec + el + ep + etd + eu - esca– eccs - eccru ,


### in accounting for the consumption of electricity not produced within the fuel production plant , the greenhouse gas emission intensity of the production and distribution of that electricity shall be assumed to be equal to the average emission intensity of the production and distribution of electricity in a defined region . by derogation from this rule , producers may use an average value for an individual electricity production plant for electricity produced by that plant , if that plant is not connected to the electricity grid . ### in accounting for the consumption of electricity not produced within the fuel production plant , the greenhouse gas emission intensity of the production and distribution of that electricity shall be assumed to be equal to the average emission intensity of the production and distribution of electricity in a defined region . by derogation from this rule , producers may use an average value for an individual electricity production plant for electricity produced by that plant .


### in accounting for the consumption of electricity not produced within the gaseous biomass fuel production plant , the greenhouse gas emission intensity of the production and distribution of that electricity shall be assumed to be equal to the average emission intensity of the production and distribution of electricity in a defined region . by derogation from this rule , producers may use an average value for an individual electricity production plant for electricity produced by that plant , if that plant is not connected to the electricity grid . ### in accounting for the consumption of electricity not produced within the gaseous biomass fuel production plant , the greenhouse gas emission intensity of the production and distribution of that electricity shall be assumed to be equal to the average emission intensity of the production and distribution of electricity in a defined region . by derogation from this rule , producers may use an average value for an individual electricity production plant for electricity produced by that plant . .


### emission saving from carbon capture and replacement , eccr , shall be related directly to the production of biofuel or bioliquid they are attributed to , and shall be limited to emissions avoided through the capture of co2 of which the carbon originates from biomass and which is used in the energy or transport sector . ### emission saving from carbon capture and replacement , or use , eccru , of co2 generated by the production of biofuel or bioliquid shall be limited to emissions avoided through the capture of co2 which is used for commercial purposes .


### emission saving from carbon capture and replacement , eccr , shall be related directly to the production of biomass fuel they are attributed to , and shall be limited to emissions avoided through the capture of co2 of which the carbon originates from biomass and which is used to replace fossil - derived co2 used in the energy or transport sector . ### emission saving from carbon capture and replacement or use , ecru of co2 generated by the production of biomass fuel shall be limited to emissions avoided through the capture of co2 which is used for commercial purposes .


### for the purposes of the calculation referred to in point 17 , the emissions to be divided shall be eec + e l + esca + those fractions of e p , e td , eccs , and eccr that take place up to and including the process step at which a co - product is produced . if any allocation to co - products has taken place at an earlier process step in the life - cycle , the fraction of those emissions assigned in the last such process step to the intermediate fuel product shall be used for this purpose instead of the total of those emissions . ### for the purposes of the calculation referred to in point 17 , the emissions to be divided shall be eec + e l + esca + those fractions of e p , e td , eccs , and eccru that take place up to and including the process step at which a co - product is produced . if any allocation to co - products has taken place at an earlier process step in the life - cycle , the fraction of those emissions assigned in the last such process step to the intermediate fuel product shall be used for this purpose instead of the total of those emissions .


### eccr = emission savings from carbon capture and replacement . ### eccru = emission savings from carbon capture and replacement or use .


### in accounting for the consumption of electricity not produced within the solid biomass fuel production plant , the greenhouse gas emission intensity of the production and distribution of that electricity shall be assumed to be equal to the fossil fuel comparator ecf set out in paragraph 19 of this annex . by derogation from this rule , producers may use an average value for an individual electricity production plant for electricity produced by that plant , if that plant is not connected to the electricity grid . 51 __________________ 51 the solid biomass pathways consume and produce the same commodities at different stages of the supply chain . using different values for electricity supply to solid biomass production plants and the fossil fuel comparator would assign artificial ghg savings to these pathways . ### in accounting for the consumption of electricity not produced within the solid biomass fuel production plant , the greenhouse gas emission intensity of the production and distribution of that electricity shall be assumed to be equal to the fossil fuel comparator ecf set out in paragraph 19 of this annex . by derogation from this rule , producers may use an average value for an individual electricity production plant for electricity produced by that plant . 51 __________________ 51 the solid biomass pathways consume and produce the same commodities at different stages of the supply chain . using different values for electricity supply to solid biomass production plants and the fossil fuel comparator would assign artificial ghg savings to these pathways .


### within the comprehensive framework of the fund , the financial assistance provided through the fund should in particular support police and judicial cooperation and prevention in the fields of serious and organised crime , illicit arms trafficking , corruption , money laundering , drug trafficking , environmental crime , exchange of and access to information , terrorism , trafficking in human beings , exploitation of illegal immigration , child sexual exploitation , distribution of child abuse images and child pornography , and cybercrime . the fund should also support the protection of people , public spaces and critical infrastructure against security - related incidents and the effective management of security - related risks and crises , including through the development of common policies , legislation and practical cooperation . ### within the comprehensive framework of the fund , the financial assistance provided through the fund should in particular support police and judicial cooperation and prevention in the fields of serious and organised crime , illicit arms trafficking , corruption , money laundering , drug trafficking , environmental crime , exchange of and access to information , terrorism , trafficking in human beings , exploitation of irregular immigration , child sexual exploitation , distribution of child abuse images and child pornography , and cybercrime . the fund should also support the protection of people , public spaces and critical infrastructure against security - related incidents and the effective management of security - related risks and crises , including through the development of common policies , legislation and practical cooperation .


### reflecting the importance of tackling climate change in line with the union ' s commitments to implement the paris agreement and the united nations sustainable development goals , this fund will contribute to mainstream climate actions and to the achievement of an overall target of 25% of the eu budget expenditures supporting climate objectives . relevant actions will be identified during the fund ' s preparation and implementation , and reassessed in the context of the relevant evaluations and review processes . ### reflecting the urgency of tackling climate change in line with the union ' s commitments to implement the paris agreement and to be a frontrunner in implementing the united nations sustainable development goals including gender equality , this fund will contribute to mainstream climate actions and to the achievement of an overall target of 30% as soon as possible and at the latest by 2027 of the eu budget expenditures supporting climate objectives . relevant actions will be identified during the fund ' s preparation and implementation , and reassessed in the context of the relevant evaluations and review processes .


### the policy objective of the fund shall be to contribute to ensuring a high level of security in the union , in particular by tackling terrorism and radicalisation , serious and organised crime and cybercrime and by assisting and protecting victims of crime . ### the policy objective of the fund shall be to contribute to ensuring a high level of security in the union , in particular by tackling terrorism and radicalisation , serious , organised and international crime , cybercrime , trafficking in drugs and human organs and by assisting and protecting victims of crime .


### in its resolution of 8 february 2018 , the european parliament called on the commission to conduct an assessment of the summer - time arrangements provided by directive 2000 / 84 / ec and , if necessary , to come up with a proposal for its revision . that resolution also confirmed that it is essential to maintain a harmonised approach to time arrangements throughout the union . ### in its resolution of 8 february 2018 , the european parliament called on the commission to conduct an assessment of the summer - time arrangements provided by directive 2000 / 84 / ec together with the member states and , if necessary , to come up with a proposal for its revision . that resolution also confirmed that it is essential to maintain a harmonised approach to time arrangements throughout the union .


### the commission has examined available evidence , which points to the importance of having harmonised union rules in this area to ensure the proper functioning of the internal market and avoid , inter alia , disruptions to the scheduling of transport operations and the functioning of information and communication systems , higher costs to cross - border trade , or lower productivity for goods and services . evidence is not conclusive as to whether the benefits of summer - time arrangements outweigh the inconveniences linked to a biannual change of time . ### the commission has examined available evidence , which points to the importance of having harmonised union rules in this area to ensure the proper functioning of the internal market , create predictability and long - term certainty and avoid , inter alia , disruptions to the scheduling of transport operations , the energy sector and the functioning of information and communication systems , higher costs to cross - border trade , or lower productivity for goods and services . the transition towards a new hour system should be facilitated through ict testing for an effective implementation , without additional costs for businesses and citizens . furthermore , while scientific evidence is not yet fully conclusive , recent scientific studies have pointed out the possible negative effects on human health linked to a biannual change of time . accordingly to the recent studies on human health : it has been also pointed out that biannual time change has several negative effects and adapting is not as easy as thought .


### the commission has examined available evidence , which points to the importance of having harmonised union rules in this area to ensure the proper functioning of the internal market and avoid , inter alia , disruptions to the scheduling of transport operations and the functioning of information and communication systems , higher costs to cross - border trade , or lower productivity for goods and services . evidence is not conclusive as to whether the benefits of summer - time arrangements outweigh the inconveniences linked to a biannual change of time . ### the commission has examined available evidence , which points to the importance of having harmonised union rules in this area to ensure the proper functioning of the internal market , create legal certainty and long - term dependability and avoid , inter alia , disruptions to the scheduling and performance of passenger and goods transport operations and the functioning of information and communication systems , higher costs to cross - border trade , or lower productivity for goods and services and effects on agricultural productivity . evidence shows that the benefits of summer - time arrangements do not outweigh the inconveniences linked to a biannual change of time .


### a lively public debate is taking place on summer - time arrangements and some member states have already expressed their preference to discontinue the application of such arrangements . in the light of these developments , it is necessary to continue safeguarding the proper functioning of the internal market and to avoid any significant disruptions thereto caused by divergences between member states in this area . therefore , it is appropriate to put an end in a coordinated way to summer - time arrangements . ### a lively public debate , such as the 4 , 6 million replies from citizens in the public consultation held by the commission where a majority is against the current system with the seasonal time change , is taking place on summer - time arrangements . this has not yet been accompanied by a scientifically substantiated impact assessment that is not limited to the analysis of existing material on the matter . some member states have also already expressed their preference to discontinue the application of such arrangements . in the light of these developments , it is necessary to continue safeguarding the proper functioning of the internal market as well as cross - border activities of the citizens and to avoid any significant disruptions thereto caused by divergences between member states in this area . therefore , it is essential , in the context of the codecision procedure for this directive , that summer - time arrangements should only be brought to an end , if the member states have first reached agreement on a coordination mechanism . the relevant council presidency will have a leading role to play in establishing this coordination mechanism . this mechanism should take account of the three existing time zones in the eu when the standard time is set up by each member state . where a member state makes such a change , and without prejudice to its right to decide on its standard time , it will make best efforts to ensure that the time difference between it and neighbouring member states does not exceed one hour . an impact assessment may be carried out by the european commission on the impact of the planned change of standard time and its impact to neighbouring member states and the internal market .


### a lively public debate is taking place on summer - time arrangements and some member states have already expressed their preference to discontinue the application of such arrangements . in the light of these developments , it is necessary to continue safeguarding the proper functioning of the internal market and to avoid any significant disruptions thereto caused by divergences between member states in this area . therefore , it is appropriate to put an end in a coordinated way to summer - time arrangements . ### a lively public debate is taking place on summer - time arrangements . around 4 . 6 million citizens participated in the public consultation held by the commission , which is the largest number of responses ever received in any commission consultation . a number of citizens ' initiatives have highlighted citizens ' concerns about the biannual clock change and some member states have already expressed their preference to discontinue the application of such summer - time arrangements . in the light of these developments , it is necessary to continue safeguarding the proper functioning of the internal market and to avoid any significant disruptions thereto caused by divergences between member states in this area . therefore , it is appropriate to put an end in a coordinated way to summer - time arrangements .


### this directive is designed for the benefit persons who are blind , have a visual impairment which cannot be improved so as to give those persons visual function substantially equivalent to that of a person who has no such impairment , or have a perceptual or reading disability , including dyslexia , preventing them from reading printed works to substantially the same degree as persons without such disability , or are unable to hold or manipulate a book or to focus or move the eyes to the extent that would be normally acceptable for reading due to a physical disability . the objective of the measures introduced by this directive is to improve the availability of books , journals , newspapers , magazines and other writings , sheet music and other print material , including in audio form , whether digital or analogue , in formats that make those works and other subject - matter accessible to those persons to substantially the same degree as to persons without an impairment or disability . accessible formats include braille , large print , adapted e - books , audio books and radio broadcasts . ### this directive is designed for the benefit of persons who are blind , have a visual impairment which cannot be improved so as to give those persons visual function substantially equivalent to that of a person who has no such impairment , or have a perceptual or reading disability , including dyslexia , preventing them from reading printed works to substantially the same degree as persons without such disability , or are unable to hold or manipulate a book or to focus or move the eyes to the extent that would be normally acceptable for reading due to a physical impairment . the objective of the measures introduced by this directive is to improve the availability of books , journals , newspapers , magazines and other writings , sheet music and other print material , including in audio form , whether digital or analogue , in formats that make those works and other subject - matter accessible to those persons to substantially the same degree as to persons who are not blind , visually impaired or otherwise print disabled , without compromising the quality of the content . accessible formats include braille , large print , e - books , audio books and radio broadcasts .


### this directive should therefore provide for mandatory exceptions to the rights that are harmonised by union law and are relevant for the uses and works covered by the marrakesh treaty . these include in particular the rights of reproduction , communication to the public , making available , distribution and lending , as provided for in directive 2001 / 29 / ec , directive 2006 / 115 / ec , and directive 2009 / 24 / ec , as well as the corresponding rights in directive 96 / 9 / ec . as the scope of exceptions and limitations required by the marrakesh treaty also includes works in audio form , like audiobooks , it is necessary that these exceptions also apply to related rights . ### this directive therefore provides for mandatory exceptions to the rights that are harmonised by union law and are relevant for the uses and works covered by the marrakesh treaty . these include in particular the rights of reproduction , communication to the public , making available , distribution and lending , as provided for in directive 2001 / 29 / ec , directive 2006 / 115 / ec , and directive 2009 / 24 / ec , as well as the corresponding rights in directive 96 / 9 / ec . as the scope of exceptions and limitations required by the marrakesh treaty also includes works in audio form , like audiobooks , it is necessary that these exceptions also apply to related rights .


### the mandatory exception should also limit the right of reproduction so as to allow for any act that is necessary in order to make changes to or convert or adapt a work or other subject - matter in such a way as to produce an accessible format copy . this includes providing the necessary means to navigate information in an accessible format copy . ### the mandatory exception should also limit the right of reproduction so as to allow for any act that is necessary in order to make changes to or convert or adapt a work or other subject - matter in such a way as to produce an accessible format copy . this includes providing the necessary means to navigate information in an accessible format copy , and also the acts that are necessary to adapt existing publications that are already accessible for certain categories of beneficiary persons to the needs of other beneficiary persons who require alternative formats to properly access the work . lending of the work to beneficiary persons should be granted .


### the mandatory exception should also limit the right of reproduction so as to allow for any act that is necessary in order to make changes to or convert or adapt a work or other subject - matter in such a way as to produce an accessible format copy . this includes providing the necessary means to navigate information in an accessible format copy . ### it is also necessary for the mandatory exception to limit the right of reproduction so as to allow for any act that is necessary in order to make changes to or convert or adapt a work or other subject - matter in such a way as to produce an accessible format copy . this includes providing the necessary means to navigate information in an accessible format copy .


### the exception should allow authorised entities to make and disseminate online and offline within the union accessible format copies of works or other subject - matter covered by this directive . ### the exception will allow authorised entities to make and disseminate online and offline within the union accessible format copies of current works , archived material or other subject - matter covered by this directive .


### it should be possible for accessible format copies made in one member state to be available in all member states , in order to ensure their greater availability across the internal market . this would reduce the demand for redundant work in producing accessible format copies of the same work or other subject matter across the union , thus generating savings and efficiency gains . this directive should therefore ensure that accessible format copies made in one member state may be circulated and accessed in all member states . an authorised entity should thus be able to disseminate those copies , offline or online , to beneficiary persons and authorised entities in any member state . moreover , authorised entities and beneficiary persons should be allowed to obtain or have access to those copies from any authorised entity in any member state . ### it will be possible for accessible format copies made in one member state to be available in all member states , in order to ensure their greater availability across the internal market . this would reduce the demand for redundant work in producing accessible format copies of the same work or other subject matter across the union , thus generating savings and efficiency gains . this directive will therefore ensure that accessible format copies made in one member state may be circulated to and accessed by beneficiary persons and authorised entities in all member states . an authorised entity should thus be able to disseminate those copies , offline or online , to beneficiary persons and authorised entities in any member state . moreover , authorised entities and beneficiary persons should be allowed to obtain or have access to those copies from any authorised entity in any member state .


### in view of the specific nature of the exception , its targeted scope and the need for legal certainty for its beneficiaries , member states should not be allowed to impose additional requirements for the application of the exception , such as compensation schemes or the prior verification of the commercial availability of accessible format copies . ### in view of the specific nature of the exception , its targeted scope and the need for legal certainty for its beneficiaries , member states will not be permitted to impose additional requirements for the application of the exception , such as compensation schemes or the prior verification of the commercial availability of accessible format copies .


### the commission will monitor the effect of this directive . as part of this , it will assess the situation regarding the availability in accessible formats of works and other subject - matter other than those covered by this directive , as well as the availability of works and other subject - matter in accessible formats for persons with other disabilities . the commission will review the situation closely . changes to the scope of this directive may be considered , if necessary . ### the commission will monitor the effect of this directive . as part of this , it will assess the situation regarding the availability in accessible formats of works and other subject - matter other than those covered by this directive , as well as the availability of works and other subject - matter in accessible formats for persons with other impairments . the commission will review the situation closely . changes to the scope of this directive may be considered , if necessary .


### this directive therefore respects the fundamental rights and observes the principles recognised in particular by the charter of fundamental rights of the european union . this directive should be interpreted and applied in accordance with those rights and principles . ### this directive therefore respects the fundamental rights and observes the principles recognised in particular by the charter of fundamental rights of the european union . it is necessary that this directive is interpreted and applied in accordance with those rights and principles .


### the marrakesh treaty imposes certain obligations regarding the exchange of accessible format copies between the union and third countries that are parties to the treaty . the measures taken by the union to fulfil those obligations are contained in regulation [ … ] which should be read in conjunction with this directive . ### the marrakesh treaty imposes certain obligations regarding the exchange of accessible format copies between the union and third countries that are parties to the treaty . the measures taken by the union to fulfil those obligations are contained in regulation [ … ] which needs to be consulted in conjunction with this directive .


### ' work and other subject - matter ' means a work in the form of a book , journal , newspaper , magazine or other writing , including sheet music , and related illustrations , in any media , including in audio forms such as audiobooks , which is protected by copyright or related rights and which is published or otherwise lawfully made publicly available ; ### ' work and other subject - matter ' means a literary , academic or artistic work in the form of text , notation and / or related illustrations , including sheet music , which is protected by copyright or related rights and which is published or otherwise lawfully made publicly available in books , e - books , journals , newspapers , magazines or other writing , and in any media form , including in audio form , such as audiobooks and radio broadcasts .


### a person who is otherwise unable , due to a physical disability , to hold or manipulate a book or to focus or move their eyes to the extent that would be normally acceptable for reading . ### a person who is otherwise unable , due to a physical impairment , to hold or manipulate a book or to focus or move their eyes to the extent that would be normally acceptable for reading .


### ‘ authorised entity’ means an organisation providing education , instructional training , adaptive reading or information access to beneficiary persons on a non - profit basis , as its main activity or as one of its main activities or public - interest missions . ### ‘ authorised entity’ means an organisation or governmental institution certified or recognised by the member state , and operating on a basis of trust , which provides access to education , instructional training , adaptive reading , information , care or services for beneficiary persons , on a non - profit basis , as its main activity or as one of its main activities , public - interest missions or institutional obligations .


### member states shall ensure that the accessible format copy respects the integrity of the work or other subject - matter , having due consideration for the changes required to make the work accessible in the alternative format . ### member states shall ensure that the accessible format copy respects the integrity of the work or other subject - matter , having due consideration for the changes required to make the work accessible in the alternative format for the different needs of beneficiary persons .


### consulates may waive the requirement to present one or more supporting documents if the applicants work for or are invited by a reliable company , organisation or institution known to the consulate , in particular at managerial level , or as a researcher , student , artist , culture professional , sportsman or a staff member with specialist knowledge , experience and technical expertise and if adequate proof is submitted to the consulate in this regard . the requirement may also be waived for those applicants ' close family members , including the spouse , children under the age of 18 and parents of a child under the age of 18 , in case they intend to travel together . ### consulates may waive the requirement to present one or more supporting documents if the applicants work for or are invited by a reliable company , organisation or institution , or as a researcher , student , artist , culture professional , sportsman or a staff member with specialist knowledge , experience and technical expertise and if adequate proof is submitted to the consulate in this regard , such as a valid work contract or a detailed invitation letter . the requirement may also be waived for those applicants ' close family members , including the spouse , children under the age of 18 and parents of a child under the age of 18 , in case they intend to travel together .


### ' work or other subject - matter ' means a work in the form of a book , journal , newspaper , magazine or other writing , including sheet music , and related illustrations , in any media , including in audio form such as audiobooks , which is protected by copyright or related rights and which is published or otherwise lawfully made publicly available ; ### ' work and other subject - matter ' means a literary , academic or artistic work in the form of text , notation and / or related illustrations , including sheet music , which is protected by copyright or related rights and which is published or otherwise lawfully made publicly available in books , e - books , journals , newspapers , magazines or other writing , and in any media form , including in audio form , such as audiobooks and radio broadcasts ;


### a person who has a perceptual or reading disability , including dyslexia , and is , as a result , unable to read printed works to substantially the same degree as a person without an impairment or disability ; or ### a person who has a perceptual or reading impairment , including dyslexia , and is , as a result , unable to read printed works to substantially the same degree as a person who is not blind , visually impaired or otherwise print disabled ; or


### ‘ authorised entity’ means an organisation providing education , instructional training , adaptive reading or information access to beneficiary persons on a non - profit basis , as its main activity or as one of its main activities or public - interest missions . ### ' authorised entity ' means an organisation or governmental institution certified or recognised by the member state , and operating on a basis of trust , which provides access to education , instructional training , adaptive reading , information , care or services for beneficiary persons , on a non - profit basis , as its main activity or as one of its main activities , public - interest missions or institutional obligations .


### it distributes , communicates and makes available accessible format copies only to beneficiary persons or other authorised entities ; ### it distributes , communicates and makes available accessible format copies only to beneficiary persons or other authorised entities on a non - profit basis ;


### it takes appropriate steps to discourage the unlawful reproduction , distribution , communication and making available of accessible format copies ; ### it takes appropriate steps to prevent the unlawful reproduction , distribution , communication and making available of accessible format copies , and operates on a basis of trust to fully serve the needs of beneficiary persons ;