### the implementation of horizon 2020 may give rise to supplementary programmes involving the participation of certain member states only , the participation of the union in programmes undertaken by several member states , or the setting up of joint undertakings or other arrangements within the meaning of articles 184 , 185 and 187 tfeu . ### the implementation of horizon 2020 may give rise - under specific conditions - to supplementary programmes involving the participation of certain member states only , the participation of the union in programmes undertaken by several member states , or the setting up of joint undertakings or other arrangements within the meaning of articles 184 , 185 and 187 tfeu . these supplementary programmes or arrangements should have a clear union added value , be based on genuine partnerships , complement other activities under horizon 2020 , and be as inclusive as possible in terms of participation by member states or european union industry .


### not later than end 2017 , and taking into account the ex - post evaluation of the seventh framework programme to be completed by the end of 2015 and the review of the european institute of innovation and technology , the commission shall carry out , with the assistance of independent experts , an interim evaluation of horizon 2020 , its specific programme , including the european research council , and the activities of the european institute of innovation and technology , on the achievements of the objectives of horizon 2020 and continued relevance of all the measures , the efficiency and use of resources , the scope for further simplification , and union added value . that evaluation shall also take into consideration aspects relating to access to funding opportunities for participants in all regions , for smes and for promoting gender balance . that evaluation shall additionally take into account the contribution of the measures to the union priorities of smart , sustainable and inclusive growth and results on the long - term impact of the predecessor measures . ### not later than end 2017 , and taking into account the ex - post evaluation of the seventh framework programme to be completed by the end of 2015 and the review of the european institute of innovation and technology , the commission shall carry out , with the assistance of independent experts , an interim evaluation of horizon 2020 , its specific programme , including the european research council , and the activities of the european institute of innovation and technology , on the achievements of the objectives of horizon 2020 and continued relevance of all the measures , the efficiency and use of resources , the scope for further simplification , and union added value . that evaluation shall also take into consideration aspects relating to access to funding opportunities for participants in all regions , for smes and for promoting gender balance and integrating the gender dimension in research and innovation content . in addition , the evaluation should take into account achieved gender balance in decision - making bodies , committees and advisory boards , gender dimension in processes , participation and allocation of resources . that evaluation shall additionally take into account the contribution of the measures to the union priorities of smart , sustainable and inclusive growth and results on the long - term impact of the predecessor measures .


### an increasing disease and disability burden in the context of an aging population places further demands on health and care sectors . if effective health and care is to be maintained for all ages , efforts are required to improve decision making in prevention and treatment provision , to identify and support the dissemination of best practice in the health and care sectors , and to support integrated care and the wide uptake of technological , organisational and social innovations empowering in particular older persons as well as disabled persons to remain active and independent . doing so will contribute to increasing , and lengthening the duration of their physical , social , and mental well - being . ### an increasing disease and disability burden in the context of an aging population places further demands on health and care sectors . if effective health and care is to be maintained for all individuals , irrespective of their age or gender and economic means , efforts are required to improve decision making in prevention and treatment provision , and diagnosis , to identify and support the dissemination of best practice in the health and care sectors , to empower citizens and patients through health literacy , and to support integrated care , and the wide uptake of technological , organisational and social innovations empowering in particular older persons , persons with chronic diseases as well as disabled persons and patients to remain active and independent . doing so will contribute to increasing , and lengthening the duration of their physical , social , and mental well - being and quality of life .


### lifelong health and wellbeing for all , high - quality and economically sustainable health and care systems , and opportunities for new jobs and growth are the aims of support to research and innovation in response to this challenge and will make a major contribution to europe 2020 . ### equality in lifelong health and wellbeing , high - quality , economically sustainable health and innovative care systems , social welfare arrangements and opportunities for new jobs and growth are the aims of support to research and innovation in response to this challenge and will make a major contribution to europe 2020 .


### ** around eur 1131 million of this amount may go towards the implementation of strategic energy technology plan projects . around one third of this may go to smes . ### ** around eur 1131 million of this amount shall go towards the implementation of strategic energy technology plan projects . around one third of this may go to smes .


### not later than end 2017 , and taking into account the ex - post evaluation of the seventh framework programme to be completed by the end of 2015 and the review of the european institute of innovation and technology , the commission shall carry out , with the assistance of independent experts , an interim evaluation of horizon 2020 , its specific programme , including the european research council , and the activities of the european institute of innovation and technology , on the achievements of the objectives of horizon 2020 and continued relevance of all the measures , the efficiency and use of resources , the scope for further simplification , and union added value . that evaluation shall also take into consideration aspects relating to access to funding opportunities for participants in all regions , for smes and for promoting gender balance . that evaluation shall additionally take into account the contribution of the measures to the union priorities of smart , sustainable and inclusive growth and results on the long - term impact of the predecessor measures . ### not later than end 2017 , and taking into account the ex - post evaluation of the seventh framework programme to be completed by the end of 2015 , the commission shall carry out , with the assistance of independent experts , a mid - term review of horizon 2020 , its specific programme , including the european research council , and the activities of the european institute of innovation and technology . the review shall assess the progress of the different parts of horizon 2020 against all of the following : the achievements of the objectives of horizon 2020 and continued relevance of all the measures ; the efficiency and use of resources , with particular attention paid to cross - cutting actions and other elements stipulated in article 13 ; and the union added value . the interim review shall also take into consideration the scope for further simplification and aspects relating to access to funding opportunities for participants in all regions , for smes and for promoting gender balance . it shall additionally take into account the contribution of the measures to the union priorities of smart , sustainable and inclusive growth and results on the long - term impact of the predecessor measures .


### for the purposes of point , top - up funding shall be conditional on a significant level of prior financial commitments of the participating entities to the joint calls and actions . the era - net instrument may include an objective to harmonise rules and implementation modalities of the joint calls and actions . it may also be used in order to prepare for an initiative pursuant to article 185 tfeu . ### the era - net instrument may include an objective to harmonise rules and implementation modalities of the joint calls and actions . it may also be used in order to prepare for an initiative pursuant to article 185 tfeu .


### *including eur 8975 million for information and communication technologies of which eur 1795 million for photonics and micro - and nanoelectronics , eur 4293 million for nanotechnologies , advanced materials and advanced manufacturing and processing , eur 575 million for biotechnology and eur 1737 million for space . as a result , eur 6663 million will be available to support key enabling technologies . ### *including 57 , 6% for information and communication technologies of which 20%for photonics and micro - and nanoelectronics , 27 , 6% for nanotechnologies , advanced materials and advanced manufacturing and processing , 3 , 7% for biotechnology and 11 , 1% for space . as a result , 42 , 8% million will be available to support key enabling technologies .


### horizon 2020 should promote cooperation with third countries based on common interest and mutual benefit . international cooperation in science , technology and innovation should be targeted to contribute to achieving the europe 2020 objectives to strengthen competitiveness , contribute to tackling societal challenges and support union external and development policies , including by developing synergies with external programmes and contributing to the union ' s international commitments such as the achievement of millennium development goals . ### horizon 2020 should promote cooperation with third countries based on common interest , mutual benefit and reciprocity , where appropriate . international cooperation in science , technology and innovation should be targeted to contribute to achieving the europe 2020 objectives to strengthen competitiveness , contribute to tackling societal challenges and support union external and development policies , including by developing synergies with external programmes and contributing to the union ' s international commitments such as the achievement of millennium development goals . special attention will be paid to the council conclusion on the role of the eu in global health1 . __________________ 1 conclusions of the foreign affairs council of 10 may 2010 .


### the in - built complexity of these challenges and the evolutions of demands thus make it essential to develop innovative research and new smart technologies , processes and methods , social innovation mechanisms , coordinated actions and policies that will anticipate or influence major evolutions for europe . it calls for understanding the underlying trends and impacts at play in these challenges and rediscovering or reinventing successful forms of solidarity , coordination and creativity that make europe a distinctive model of inclusive , innovative and secure societies compared to other world regions . it requires a more strategic approach to cooperation with third countries . finally , as security policies should interact with different social policies , enhancing the societal dimension of security research will be an important aspect of this challenge . ### the in - built complexity of these challenges and the evolutions of demands thus make it essential to develop innovative research and new smart technologies , processes and methods , social innovation mechanisms , coordinated actions and policies that will anticipate or influence major evolutions for europe . it calls for understanding the underlying trends and impacts at play in these challenges and rediscovering or reinventing successful forms of solidarity , coordination and creativity that make europe a distinctive model of inclusive , innovative and secure societies compared to other world regions . this requires a specific focus on the cultural heritage of europe , and an approach which identifies activities which rejuvenate and bring people together across communities . it also requires a more strategic approach to cooperation with third countries . finally , as security policies should interact with different social policies , enhancing the societal dimension of security research will be an important aspect of this challenge .


### promote coherent and effective cooperation with third countries . ### understand how coherent and effective cooperation in research and advanced training with third countries fosters innovation .


### the sustainable supply and resource efficient management of raw materials , including their exploration , extraction , processing , re - use , recycling and substitution , is essential for the functioning of modern societies and their economies . european sectors , such as construction , chemicals , automotive , aerospace , machinery and equipment , which provide a total added value of some eur 1 . 3 trillion and employment for approximately 30 million people , heavily depend on access to raw materials . however , the supply of raw materials to the union is coming under increasing pressure . furthermore , the union is highly dependent on imports of strategically important raw materials , which are being affected at an alarming rate by market distortions . moreover , the union still has valuable mineral deposits , whose exploration and extraction is limited by a lack of adequate technologies and hampered by increased global competition . given the importance of raw materials for european competitiveness , the economy and for their application in innovative products , the sustainable supply and resource efficient management of raw materials is a vital priority for the union . ### the sustainable supply and resource efficient management of raw materials , including their exploration , extraction , processing , re - use , recycling and substitution , is essential for the functioning of modern societies and their economies . european sectors , such as construction , chemicals , automotive , aerospace , machinery and equipment , which provide a total added value of some eur 1 . 3 trillion and employment for approximately 30 million people , heavily depend on access to raw materials . however , the supply of raw materials to the union is coming under increasing pressure . the union has valuable mineral deposits , whose exploration and extraction is limited by a lack of adequate technologies and transport infrastructure . given the importance of raw materials for european competitiveness , the economy and for their application in innovative products , the sustainable supply and resource efficient management of raw materials is a vital priority for the union . access to european raw materials sources , often located in geographically remote areas , continues to be a challenge for industries dependent on a secure supply of such raw materials . furthermore , the union is highly dependent on imports of strategically important raw materials , which are being affected at an alarming rate by market distortions .


### ** around eur 1131 million of this amount may go towards the implementation of strategic energy technology plan projects . around one third of this may go to smes . ### ** around eur 1131 million of this amount may go towards the implementation of strategic energy technology plan projects . at least one third of this shall go to smes .


### linkages and interfaces shall be implemented across and within the priorities of horizon 2020 . particular attention shall be paid in this respect to the development and application of key enabling and industrial technologies , to bridging from discovery to market application , to cross - disciplinary research and innovation , to social and economic sciences and humanities , to fostering the functioning and achievement of the era , to cooperation with third countries , to responsible research and innovation including gender , and to enhancing the attractiveness of the research profession and to facilitating cross - border and cross - sector mobility of researchers . ### linkages and interfaces shall be implemented across and within the priorities of horizon 2020 . particular attention shall be paid in this respect to the development and application of key enabling and industrial technologies , to bridging from discovery to market application , to multi - , inter - and trans - disciplinary research and innovation , to social and economic sciences and humanities , to fostering the functioning and achievement of the era , to cooperation with third countries , to responsible research and innovation including gender , and to enhancing the attractiveness of the research profession and to facilitating cross - border and cross - sector mobility of researchers .


### ** around eur 1131 million of this amount may go towards the implementation of strategic energy technology plan projects . around one third of this may go to smes . ### ** around 28 , 3% of this amount may go towards the implementation of strategic energy technology plan projects . around one third of this may go to smes .


### addressing the availability of raw materials calls for co - ordinated research and innovation efforts across many disciplines and sectors to help provide safe , economically feasible , environmentally sound and socially acceptable solutions along the entire value chain . innovation in these fields will provide opportunities for growth and jobs , as well as innovative options involving science , technology , the economy , policy and governance . for this reason , a european innovation partnership on raw materials is being prepared . ### addressing the availability of raw materials calls for co - ordinated research and innovation efforts across many disciplines and sectors to help provide safe , economically feasible , environmentally sound and socially acceptable solutions along the entire value chain . water challenges include water use in rural , urban and industrial environments and the protection of aquatic ecosystems . innovation in these fields will provide opportunities for growth and jobs , as well as innovative options involving science , technology , the economy , policy and governance . for this reason , european innovation partnerships on water efficiency and raw materials are being prepared .


### with the aim to achieve the greatest possible impact of union funding , horizon 2020 is to develop closer synergies , which may also take the form of public - public partnerships , with national and regional programmes that support research and innovation . ### with the aim to achieve the greatest possible impact of union funding , horizon 2020 is to develop closer synergies , which may also take the form of public - public partnerships , with national , regional and local programmes that support research and innovation .


### research and development to investigate alternatives to the use of materials and innovative business model approaches . ### research and development to investigate alternatives to the use , re - use , repair and recycling of materials and innovative business model approaches .


### the response depends on excellence in research to improve our fundamental understanding of health , disease , disability , development and ageing , and on the seamless and widespread translation of the resulting and existing knowledge into innovative , scalable and effective products , strategies , interventions and services . furthermore , the pertinence of these challenges across europe and in many cases , globally , demands a response characterised by long term and coordinated support for co - operation between excellent , multidisciplinary and multi - sector teams . ### the response depends on excellence in research to improve our fundamental understanding of health , disease , disability , development and ageing , and on the seamless and widespread translation of the resulting and existing knowledge into innovative , scalable , effective and accessible products , strategies , interventions and services . furthermore , the pertinence of these challenges across europe and in many cases , globally , demands a response characterised by long term and coordinated support for co - operation between excellent , multidisciplinary and multi - sector teams .


### this regulation establishes horizon 2020 - the framework programme for research and innovation and determines the framework governing union support to research and innovation activities and fostering better exploitation of the industrial potential of policies of innovation , research and technological development . ### this regulation establishes horizon 2020 - the framework programme for research and innovation and determines the framework governing union support to research and innovation activities with the objective of strengthening the european scientific and technological base , ensuring the development of its intellectual capital and fostering benefits for society , including better exploitation of the industrial potential of policies of innovation , research and technological development .


### specific actions shall be undertaken within the specific objective ‘ leadership in enabling and industrial technologies’ set out in point 1 of part ii of annex i and each of the specific objectives under the priority ‘ societal challenges’ set out in points 1 to 6 of part iii of annex i . these specific actions shall take the form of a dedicated sme instrument that is targeted at all types of smes with an innovation potential and shall be implemented in a consistent manner and tailored to the needs of smes as set out under the specific objective ‘ innovation in smes’ in point 3 . 3 . of part ii of annex i . ### specific actions for smes shall be undertaken within the specific objective ‘ leadership in enabling and industrial technologies’ set out in point 1 of part ii of annex i and each of the specific objectives under the priority ‘ societal challenges’ set out in points 1 to 6 of part iii of annex i . these specific actions shall take the form of , amongst others , a dedicated sme instrument that is targeted at all types of smes with an innovation potential , in a broad sense , and shall be implemented in a consistent manner and tailored to the needs of smes as set out under the specific objective ‘ innovation in smes’ in point 3 . 3 . of part ii of annex i .


### developing new products and applications , and consumer behaviour that reduce energy demand , and facilitate low - carbon production . ### developing new materials , components , products and applications that reduce energy demand and facilitate low - carbon production .


### evaluation ### mid - term review


### the specific objective is to secure sufficient supplies of safe and high quality food and other bio - based products , by developing productive and resource - efficient primary production systems , fostering related ecosystem services , along side competitive and low carbon supply chains . this will accelerate the transition to a sustainable european bio - economy . ### the specific objective is to secure sufficient supplies of safe and high quality healthy food and other bio - based products , by developing productive and resource - efficient primary production and food processing systems , fostering related ecosystem services , along side competitive and low carbon supply chains . this will accelerate the transition to a sustainable european bio - economy .


### entities established in third countries and international organisations shall be eligible to participate in indirect actions of horizon 2020 under the conditions set out in regulation xx / xx [ rules for participation ] . international cooperation with third countries and international organisations shall be promoted across and within horizon 2020 to achieve , in particular , the following objectives : ### entities established in third countries and international organisations shall be eligible to participate in indirect actions of horizon 2020 under the conditions set out in regulation xx / xx [ rules for participation ] . international cooperation with third countries and international organisations shall be promoted and integrated in horizon 2020 to achieve , in particular , the following objectives :


### social sciences and humanities shall be an integral part of the activities to address all the challenges . in addition , the underpinning development of these disciplines shall be supported under the specific objective ‘ inclusive , innovative and secure societies’ . support will also focus on providing a strong evidence base for policy making at international , union , national and regional levels . given the global nature of many of the challenges , strategic cooperation with third countries shall be an integral part of each challenge . in addition , cross - cutting support for international cooperation shall be provided under the specific objective ‘ inclusive , innovative and secure societies’ . ### social sciences and humanities shall be an integral part of the activities to address all the challenges . in addition , the underpinning development of these disciplines shall be supported under the specific objective ‘ inclusive , educated , innovative and secure societies’ . support will also focus on providing a strong evidence base for policy making at international , union , national and regional levels . given the global nature of many of the challenges , strategic cooperation with third countries shall be an integral part of each challenge . in addition , cross - cutting support for international cooperation shall be provided under the specific objective ‘ inclusive , educated , innovative and secure societies’ .


### research infrastructure shall develop european research infrastructure for 2020 and beyond , foster their innovation potential and human capital , and complement this with the related union policy and international cooperation . ### research infrastructures shall develop and support excellent existing and new european research infrastructures and assist them to operate for the era by fostering their innovation potential , attracting world level researchers , training human capital , and complementing this with the international cooperation union policy


### the aim is to meet the requirements of citizens for safe , healthy and affordable food , and to make food and feed processing and distribution more sustainable and the food sector more competitive . the activities shall focus on healthy and safe foods for all , informed consumer choices , and competitive food processing methods that use less resources and produce less by - products , waste and green - house gases . ### the aim is to meet the requirements of citizens for safe , healthy and affordable food , and to make food and feed processing and distribution as well as food consumption more sustainable and the food sector more competitive . the activities shall focus on a broad diversity of healthy , high quality and safe foods for all , informed consumer choices , and competitive food processing methods that use less resources and produce less by - products , waste and green - house gases .


### state - of - the - art research infrastructures are becoming increasingly complex and costly , often requiring integration of different equipment , services and data sources and extensive transnational collaboration . no single country has enough resources to support all the research infrastructures it needs . the european approach to research infrastructures has made remarkable progress in recent years with implementing the esfri roadmap for infrastructures , integrating and opening national research facilities and developing e - infrastructures underpinning a digital european research area . the networks of research infrastructures across europe strengthen its human capital base by providing world - class training for a new generation of researchers and engineers and promoting interdisciplinary collaboration . ### state - of - the - art and eu - relevant research infrastructures are becoming increasingly complex and costly , often requiring integration of different equipment , services and data sources and extensive transnational collaboration . no single country has enough resources to support all the research infrastructures it needs and to open them to international use . the european approach to research infrastructures has made remarkable progress in recent years with the development of best practices , eu - quality and relevance criteria by esfri and the member states for existing research infrastructures and with the implementation of the esfri and national roadmaps for new and / or upgraded infrastructures , prioritizing , improving , integrating and opening national research facilities and developing e - infrastructures underpinning a digital european research area . the networks of research infrastructures across europe have been a preliminary step to initiate integration and to strengthen its human capital base by providing training for a new generation of researchers and engineers and promoting interdisciplinary collaboration . this has been the precondition for the next step to be achieved in horizon 2020 .


### smes shall be supported across horizon 2020 . for this purpose a dedicated sme instrument shall provide staged and seamless support covering the whole innovation cycle . the sme instrument shall be targeted at all types of innovative smes showing a strong ambition to develop , grow and internationalise . it shall be provided for all types of innovation , including service , non - technological and social innovations . the aim is to develop and capitalise on the innovation potential of smes by filling the gap in funding for early stage high risk research and innovation , stimulating innovations and increasing private - sector commercialisation of research results . ### smes shall be supported across horizon 2020 . for this purpose a dedicated sme instrument shall provide staged and seamless support covering the whole innovation cycle . the sme instrument shall be targeted at all types of innovative smes showing a strong ambition to develop , grow and internationalise . it shall be provided for all types of innovation , including service , non - technological and social innovations , given each activity has a clear union added - value . the aim is to develop and capitalise on the innovation potential of smes by filling the gap in funding for early stage high risk research and innovation , stimulating innovations and increasing private - sector commercialisation of research results . the instrument will provide a quality label for successful smes in view of their participation in public procurement .


### an increasing disease and disability burden in the context of an aging population places further demands on health and care sectors . if effective health and care is to be maintained for all ages , efforts are required to improve decision making in prevention and treatment provision , to identify and support the dissemination of best practice in the health and care sectors , and to support integrated care and the wide uptake of technological , organisational and social innovations empowering in particular older persons as well as disabled persons to remain active and independent . doing so will contribute to increasing , and lengthening the duration of their physical , social , and mental well - being . ### an increasing disease and disability burden together with problems of mobility and accessibility in the context of an aging population places further demands on health and care sectors . if effective health and care is to be maintained for all ages , efforts are required to improve decision making in prevention and treatment provision , to identify and support the dissemination of best practice in the health and care sectors , and to support integrated care and the wide uptake of technological , organisational and social innovations empowering in particular older persons as well as disabled persons to remain active and independent . doing so will contribute to increasing , and lengthening the duration of their physical , social , and mental well - being .


### in accordance with article 182 tfeu , the framework programme fixes the maximum overall amount and the detailed rules for union financial participation in the framework programme and the respective shares in each of the activities provided for . ### in accordance with article 182 of the treaty on the functioning of the european union , the framework programme fixes the maximum overall amount and the detailed rules for union financial participation in the framework programme and the respective shares in each of the activities provided for in article 180 of the treaty .


### horizon 2020 will take an integrated approach to the participation of smes , which could lead to around 15 % of the total combined budgets for all specific objectives on societal challenges and the specific objective ‘ leadership in enabling and industrial technologies’ being devoted to smes . ### horizon 2020 will take an integrated approach to the participation of smes , and establish a clear mechanism to identify and address the knowledge and technology transfer needs of smes . support shall lead to at least 15 % of the total combined budgets for all specific objectives on societal challenges and the specific objective ‘ leadership in enabling and industrial technologies’ being devoted to smes .


### horizon 2020 shall play a central role in the delivery of the europe 2020 strategy for smart , sustainable and inclusive growth by providing a common strategic framework for the union ' s research and innovation funding , thus acting as a vehicle for leveraging private investment , creating new job opportunities and ensuring europe ' s long - term sustainable growth and competitiveness . ### horizon 2020 shall play a central role in the delivery of the europe 2020 strategy for smart , sustainable and inclusive growth by providing a common strategic framework for funding excellent research and innovation , thus acting as a vehicle for leveraging private investment , creating new job opportunities and ensuring europe ' s long - term sustainable growth and competitiveness .


### the problems of pollution , congestion , safety and security are common throughout the union and call for collaborative europe - wide responses . accelerating the development and deployment of new technologies and innovative solutions for vehicles , infrastructures and transport management will be key to achieve a cleaner and more efficient transport system in the union ; to deliver the results necessary to mitigate climate change and improve resource efficiency ; to maintain european leadership on the world markets for transport related products and services . these objectives cannot be achieved through fragmented national efforts alone . ### the problems of pollution , congestion , safety and security are common throughout the union and call for collaborative europe - wide responses . accelerating the development and harmonised deployment of new technologies and innovative solutions for vehicles and which ensure the coherent development of infrastructure and transport management will be key to achieve a cleaner , safer and more efficient transport system in the union ; to deliver the results necessary to mitigate climate change and improve resource efficiency ; to maintain european leadership on the world markets for transport related products and services . these objectives cannot be achieved through fragmented national efforts alone . it is also essential to support existing solutions by creating effective , smart , interoperable and interconnected systems to support the sesar , galileo , egnos , gmes , ertms , ris , safeseanet , lrit and its systems . initiatives such as esafety and ecall must also be continued .


### to achieve maximum impact , horizon 2020 should develop close synergies with other union programmes in areas such as education , space , environment , competitiveness and smes , the internal security , culture and media and with the cohesion policy funds and rural development policy , which can specifically help to strengthen national and regional research and innovation capabilities in the context of smart specialisation strategies . ### to achieve maximum impact , horizon 2020 should develop close synergies with other union programmes in areas such as education , space , environment , competitiveness and smes , the internal security , culture or media .


### ensuring the safe development and application of nanotechnologies ### ensuring the safe development and application of nanotechnologies , and the development of appropriate test methods to assess the impact of nanotechnologies and engineered nanomaterials on human health and the environment .


### horizon 2020 shall play a central role in the delivery of the europe 2020 strategy for smart , sustainable and inclusive growth by providing a common strategic framework for the union ' s research and innovation funding , thus acting as a vehicle for leveraging private investment , creating new job opportunities and ensuring europe ' s long - term sustainable growth and competitiveness . ### horizon 2020 shall play a central role in the delivery of the europe 2020 strategy for smart , sustainable and inclusive growth by providing a common strategic framework for the union ' s research and innovation funding , thus acting as a vehicle for leveraging public and private investment , creating new job opportunities , promoting economic , social and territorial cohesion and ensuring europe ' s long - term sustainable growth and competitiveness .


### addressing the availability of raw materials calls for co - ordinated research and innovation efforts across many disciplines and sectors to help provide safe , economically feasible , environmentally sound and socially acceptable solutions along the entire value chain . innovation in these fields will provide opportunities for growth and jobs , as well as innovative options involving science , technology , the economy , policy and governance . for this reason , a european innovation partnership on raw materials is being prepared . ### addressing the availability of raw materials calls for co - ordinated research and innovation efforts across many disciplines and sectors to help provide safe , economically feasible , environmentally sound and socially acceptable solutions along the entire value chain . water challenges include water use in rural , urban and industrial environments and the protection of aquatic ecosystems . innovation in these fields will provide opportunities for growth and jobs , as well as innovative options involving science , technology , the economy , policy and governance . for this reason , european innovation partnerships on water efficiency and raw materials are being prepared .


### the aim is to supply sufficient food , feed , biomass and other raw - materials , while safeguarding natural resources and enhancing ecosystems services , including coping with and mitigating climate change . the activities shall focus on more sustainable and productive agriculture and forestry systems which are both resource - efficient and resilient , while at the same time developing of services , concepts and policies for thriving rural livelihoods . ### the activities shall focus on more sustainable and productive agriculture which are both resource - efficient and resilient whilst being able to also meet the new demands from a developing bioeconomy


### state - of - the - art research infrastructures are becoming increasingly complex and costly , often requiring integration of different equipment , services and data sources and extensive transnational collaboration . no single country has enough resources to support all the research infrastructures it needs . the european approach to research infrastructures has made remarkable progress in recent years with implementing the esfri roadmap for infrastructures , integrating and opening national research facilities and developing e - infrastructures underpinning a digital european research area . the networks of research infrastructures across europe strengthen its human capital base by providing world - class training for a new generation of researchers and engineers and promoting interdisciplinary collaboration . ### state - of - the - art research infrastructures are becoming increasingly complex and costly , often requiring integration of different equipment , services and data sources and extensive transnational collaboration . no single country has enough resources to support all the research infrastructures it needs , hence the merit of established european research infrastructures , which have constituted an excellent example of pooling resources and demonstrating the added value of joint approach during the past forty years . the european approach to research infrastructures has made remarkable progress in recent years with implementing the esfri roadmap for infrastructures , integrating and opening national research facilities and developing e - infrastructures underpinning an open and performant digital european research area . the networks of research infrastructures across europe strengthen its human capital base by providing world - class training for a new generation of researchers and engineers and promoting interdisciplinary collaboration .


### leadership in enabling and industrial technologies shall provide dedicated support for research , development and demonstration on ict , nanotechnology , advanced materials , biotechnology , advanced manufacturing and processing and space . emphasis will be placed on interactions and convergence across and between the different technologies . ### leadership in enabling and industrial technologies shall provide dedicated support for research , development and demonstration on ict , nanotechnology , advanced materials , biotechnology , advanced manufacturing and processing and space . proper consideration of user needs and gender dimensions shall be take into account in all these fields . emphasis will be placed on interactions and convergence across and between the different technologies .


### *including eur 8975 million for information and communication technologies of which eur 1795 million for photonics and micro - and nanoelectronics , eur 4293 million for nanotechnologies , advanced materials and advanced manufacturing and processing , eur 575 million for biotechnology and eur 1737 million for space . as a result , eur 6663 million will be available to support key enabling technologies . ### *including 57 , 6% for information and communication technologies of which 20%for photonics and micro - and nanoelectronics , 27 , 6% for nanotechnologies , advanced materials and advanced manufacturing and processing , 3 , 7% for biotechnology and 11 , 1% for space . as a result , 42 , 8% million will be available to support key enabling technologies .


### specific activities shall include : understanding the determinants of health , improving health promotion and disease prevention ; understanding disease and improving diagnosis ; developing effective screening programmes and improving the assessment of disease susceptibility ; improving surveillance and preparedness ; developing better preventive vaccines ; using in - silico medicine for improving disease management and prediction ; treating disease ; transferring knowledge to clinical practice and scalable innovation actions ; better use of health data ; active ageing , independent and assisted living ; individual empowerment for self - management of health ; promotion of integrated care ; improving scientific tools and methods to support policy making and regulatory needs ; and optimising the efficiency and effectiveness of healthcare systems and reducing inequalities by evidence based decision making and dissemination of best practice , and innovative technologies and approaches . ### specific activities shall include : understanding the determinants of health , improving health promotion and disease prevention ; understanding the basis of disease and improving diagnosis ; developing effective screening programmes and improving the assessment of disease susceptibility ; improving surveillance and preparedness ; developing new and better preventive vaccines and drugs ; using in - silico medicine for improving disease management and prediction ; developing adapted treatments and treating disease ; transferring knowledge to clinical practice and scalable innovation actions including psychosocial aspects ; improving regulatory procedures and support of access related activities ; better collection and use of health data ; standardised data analysis techniques ; healthy and active ageing , independent and assisted living ; individual empowerment for self - management of health ; promotion of integrated care ; improving scientific tools and methods to support policy making and regulatory needs ; and optimising the efficiency and effectiveness of healthcare systems and reducing health disparities and inequalities by evidence based decision making and dissemination of best practice , and innovative technologies and approaches . all of these activities shall properly account for gender and sex analysis . the activities shall take full advantage of the opportunities presented for a true interdisciplinary approach , combining knowledge from all six challenges and the other pillars to ensure sustainable solutions within the domain . active involvement of health care providers must be encouraged in order to secure rapid take - up and implementation of results .


### research and innovation activities supported by horizon 2020 should respect fundamental ethical principles . the opinions of the european group on ethics in science and new technologies should be taken into account . research activities should also take into account article 13 tfeu and reduce the use of animals in research and testing , with a view ultimately to replacing animal use . all activities should be carried out ensuring a high level of human health protection in accordance with article 168 tfeu . ### research and innovation activities supported by horizon 2020 should respect ethical principles . the opinions of the european group on ethics in science and new technologies should be taken into account . the union should also respect the cultural diversity and ethical choices of the member states , which must be taken into account for funding purposes . research activities should be carried out in accordance with article 13 tfeu and respect the obligation to replace or reduce the use of animals for scientific purposes or improve the conditions under which this takes place . all activities should be carried out ensuring a high level of human health protection in accordance with article 168 tfeu


### supporting the union ' s external and development policy objectives , complementing external and development programmes . ### supporting the union ' s external and development policy objectives , complementing external and development programmes and international commitments such as the achievements of the millennium development goals .


### the sustainable supply and resource efficient management of raw materials , including their exploration , extraction , processing , re - use , recycling and substitution , is essential for the functioning of modern societies and their economies . european sectors , such as construction , chemicals , automotive , aerospace , machinery and equipment , which provide a total added value of some eur 1 . 3 trillion and employment for approximately 30 million people , heavily depend on access to raw materials . however , the supply of raw materials to the union is coming under increasing pressure . furthermore , the union is highly dependent on imports of strategically important raw materials , which are being affected at an alarming rate by market distortions . moreover , the union still has valuable mineral deposits , whose exploration and extraction is limited by a lack of adequate technologies and hampered by increased global competition . given the importance of raw materials for european competitiveness , the economy and for their application in innovative products , the sustainable supply and resource efficient management of raw materials is a vital priority for the union . ### the sustainable supply and resource efficient management of raw materials , including their exploration , extraction , processing , re - use , recycling and substitution , is essential for the functioning of modern societies and their economies . european sectors , such as construction , chemicals , automotive , aerospace , machinery and equipment , which provide a total added value of some eur 1 . 3 trillion and employment for approximately 30 million people , heavily depend on access to raw materials . however , the supply of raw materials to the union is coming under increasing pressure . the union has valuable mineral deposits , whose exploration and extraction is limited by a lack of adequate technologies and transport infrastructure . given the importance of raw materials for european competitiveness , the economy and for their application in innovative products , the sustainable supply and resource efficient management of raw materials is a vital priority for the union . access to european raw materials sources , often located in geographically remote areas , continues to be a challenge for industries dependent on a secure supply of such raw materials . furthermore , the union is highly dependent on imports of strategically important raw materials , which are being affected at an alarming rate by market distortions .


### specific activities shall include : understanding the determinants of health , improving health promotion and disease prevention ; understanding disease and improving diagnosis ; developing effective screening programmes and improving the assessment of disease susceptibility ; improving surveillance and preparedness ; developing better preventive vaccines ; using in - silico medicine for improving disease management and prediction ; treating disease ; transferring knowledge to clinical practice and scalable innovation actions ; better use of health data ; active ageing , independent and assisted living ; individual empowerment for self - management of health ; promotion of integrated care ; improving scientific tools and methods to support policy making and regulatory needs ; and optimising the efficiency and effectiveness of healthcare systems and reducing inequalities by evidence based decision making and dissemination of best practice , and innovative technologies and approaches . ### specific activities shall include : «« understanding the determinants of health , improving health promotion and disease prevention ; understanding disease and improving diagnosis in different socio - economic contexts ; developing effective screening programmes and improving the assessment of disease susceptibility ; improving the surveillance of infectious diseases in the union as well as in neighbouring and developing countries and preparedness for combating epidemics and emerging diseases ; developing better preventive vaccines ; using in - silico medicine for improving disease management and prediction ; treating disease ; transferring knowledge to clinical practice and scalable innovation actions ; better use of health data ; active ageing , independent and assisted living ; individual empowerment for self - management of health ; promotion of integrated care ; improving scientific tools and methods to support policy making and regulatory needs ; and optimising the efficiency and effectiveness of healthcare systems and reducing inequalities by evidence based decision making and dissemination of best practice , and innovative technologies and approaches .


### smes constitute a significant source of innovation and growth in europe . therefore a strong participation of smes , as defined in commission recommendation 2003 / 361 / ec of 6 may 2003 , is needed in horizon 2020 . this should support the aims of the small business act16 . ### smes constitute an essential source of innovation and growth in europe . therefore a strong participation of smes , as defined in commission recommendation 2003 / 361 / ec of 6 may 2003 , is needed in horizon 2020 . this should support the aims of the small business act .


### the implementation of horizon 2020 should respond to the evolving opportunities and needs from science and technology , industry , policies and society . as such , the agendas should be set in close liaison with stakeholders from all sectors concerned , and sufficient flexibility should be allowed for new developments . external advice should be sought on a continuous basis during horizon 2020 , also making use of relevant structures such as european technology platforms , joint programming initiatives and the european innovation partnerships . ### the implementation of horizon 2020 should respond to the evolving opportunities and needs from citizens , society , policy , science and technology , industry . the agendas should be set in close liaison with all relevant stakeholders from all sectors concerned , including representatives of the scientific community , male and female researchers , the public sector , civil society organisations working in the field of gender equality and women ' s rights and smes . sufficient flexibility should be allowed for new developments . balanced external advice should be sought on a continuous basis during horizon 2020 , also making use of relevant structures such as european technology platforms , joint programming initiatives and the european innovation partnerships , ensuring however , that conflicts of interests are avoided . the commitment to gender mainstreaming of all union policies should be duly observed in policy , planning and evaluation of projects .


### particular attention shall be paid to ensuring the adequate participation of , and innovation impact on , small and medium - sized enterprises in horizon 2020 . quantitative and qualitative assessments of sme participation shall be undertaken as part of the evaluation and monitoring arrangements . ### particular attention shall be paid to ensuring the increased participation of , and innovation impact on , the private sector , particularly small and medium - sized enterprises in horizon 2020 . this covers : assistance at all stages of the research cycle , from prototype to full implementation , in order to enable them to fulfil their research potentials , b ) providing special support for intellectual property rights negotiations in open innovation projects , c ) providing support measures to help bridge delays in grants , as cash flow remains a key concern for smes , d ) providing support measures for awareness - raising activities among smes . quantitative and qualitative assessments of private sector , and particularly sme participation shall be undertaken as part of the evaluation and monitoring arrangements .


### in accordance with article 182 tfeu , the framework programme fixes the maximum overall amount and the detailed rules for union financial participation in the framework programme and the respective shares in each of the activities provided for . ### in accordance with article 182 of the treaty on the functioning of the european union , the framework programme fixes the maximum overall amount and the detailed rules for union financial participation in the framework programme and the respective shares in each of the activities provided for in article 180 of the treaty .


### excellent science , eur 27818 million ; ### excellent science , 33 , 2% of the total budget ;


### europe must reconcile the growing mobility needs of its citizens with the imperatives of economic performance and the requirements of a low - carbon society and climate resilient economy . despite its growth , the transport sector must achieve a substantial reduction in greenhouse gases and other adverse environmental impacts , and must break its dependency on oil , while maintaining high levels of efficiency and mobility . ### europe must reconcile the growing mobility needs of its citizens with the imperatives of economic performance and the requirements of an energy efficient , low - carbon society and climate resilient economy . despite its growth , the transport sector must achieve a substantial reduction in greenhouse gases and other adverse environmental impacts , and must break its dependency on oil , while maintaining high levels of efficiency and mobility .


### the aim is to enhance solidarity as well as social , economic and political inclusion and positive inter - cultural dynamics in europe and with international partners , through cutting - edge science and interdisciplinarity , technological advances and organisational innovations . humanities research can play an important role here . research shall support policymakers in designing policies that combat poverty and prevent the development of various forms of divisions , discriminations and inequalities in european societies , such as gender inequalities or digital or innovation divides , and with other world regions . it shall in particular feed into the implementation and the adaptation of the europe 2020 strategy and the broad external action of the union . specific measures shall be taken to unlock excellence in less developed regions , thereby widening participation in horizon 2020 . ### the aim is to gain a greater understanding of societal changes in europe , their impact on social , economic and political inclusion and the main consequences for the well - being and quality of life of individuals , families and societies . the main challenges to be tackled will address the european models for social cohesion and well - being and the need for a considerable knowledge base in the areas of inequalities and social exclusion , demographic change and the ageing society , life course and family transitions , working and living conditions , migration and mobility , education and lifelong learning , multilingualism , social policies and governance dynamics , while also taking into account the economic and social european diversity . social sciences and humanities research can play an important role here . research shall support policymakers in designing policies that combat poverty and prevent the development of various forms of divisions , discriminations and inequalities in european societies , such as gender inequalities or digital or innovation divides , and with other world regions . it shall in particular feed into the implementation and the adaptation of the europe 2020 strategy .


### horizon 2020 shall be implemented in a way which is complementary to other union funding programmes , including the structural funds . ### horizon 2020 shall be implemented in a way which is complementary to other union funding programmes .


### the european parliament has called for a radical simplification of union research and innovation funding in its resolution of 11 november 2010 , has highlighted the importance of the innovation union to transform europe for post - crisis world , in its resolution of 12 may 2011 , has drawn attention to important lessons to be learned following the interim evaluation of the seventh framework programme in its resolution of 8 june 2011 and has supported the concept of a common strategic framework for research and innovation funding in its resolution of 27 september 2011 . ### the european parliament has called for a radical simplification of union research and innovation funding in its resolution of 11 november 2010 , has highlighted the importance of the innovation union to transform europe for post - crisis world , in its resolution of 12 may 2011 , has drawn attention to important lessons to be learned following the interim evaluation of the seventh framework programme in its resolution of 8 june 2011 and has supported the concept of a common strategic framework for research and innovation funding , while calling for a doubling of the budget compared to the seventh framework programme in its resolution of 27 september 2011 .


### the activities developed under horizon 2020 should aim at promoting equality between men and women in research and innovation , by addressing in particular the underlying causes of gender imbalance , by exploiting the full potential of both female and male researchers , and by integrating the gender dimension into the content of projects in order to improve the quality of research and stimulate innovation . activities should also aim at the implementation of the principles relating to the equality between women and men as laid down in articles 2 and 3 of the treaty on european union and article 8 tfeu . ### the activities developed under horizon 2020 should promote equality between men and women in research and innovation , by addressing in particular the underlying causes of gender imbalance , by exploiting the full potential of both female and male researchers . furthermore horizon 2020 should ensure that the gender dimension is integrated in the content of research and innovation activities at all stages of the process in order to improve the quality of research and stimulate innovation . activities should also aim at the implementation of the principles relating to the equality between women and men as laid down in articles 2 and 3 of the treaty on european union and article 8 tfeu .


### linkages and interfaces shall be implemented across and within the priorities of horizon 2020 . particular attention shall be paid in this respect to the development and application of key enabling and industrial technologies , to bridging from discovery to market application , to cross - disciplinary research and innovation , to social and economic sciences and humanities , to fostering the functioning and achievement of the era , to cooperation with third countries , to responsible research and innovation including gender , and to enhancing the attractiveness of the research profession and to facilitating cross - border and cross - sector mobility of researchers . ### linkages and interfaces shall be implemented across and within the priorities of horizon 2020 . particular attention shall be paid in this respect to the development and application of key enabling and industrial technologies , to bridging from discovery to market application , to cross - disciplinary research and innovation , to social and economic sciences and humanities , to fostering the functioning and achievement of the era , to the development of the research into european legal systems , to cooperation with third countries , to ethically responsible research and innovation including gender , and to enhancing the attractiveness of the research profession , enabling research and innovation activities to be carried out also at smaller local and regional research centres , and to facilitate cross - border and cross - sector mobility of researchers , as well as to the reduction of technological dependence on third countries .


### the aim is to improve the knowledge base on raw materials and develop innovative solutions for the cost - effective and environmentally friendly exploration , extraction , processing , recycling and recovery of raw materials and for their substitution by economically attractive alternatives with a lower environmental impact . activities shall focus on : improving the knowledge base on the availability of raw materials ; promoting the sustainable supply and use of raw materials ; finding alternatives for critical raw materials ; and improving societal awareness and skills on raw materials . ### the aim is to improve the knowledge base on raw materials and develop innovative solutions for the cost - effective and environmentally friendly exploration , extraction , processing , recycling and recovery of raw materials and for their substitution by economically attractive alternatives with a lower environmental impact . activities shall focus on : improving the knowledge base on the availability of raw materials ; promoting the sustainable supply and use of raw materials ; finding alternatives for critical raw materials ; improving societal awareness and skills on raw materials ; establishing and stimulating regional and national raw material clusters ; addressing logistical challenges in connecting industries with raw materials sources .


### the specific objective is to achieve a resource efficient and climate change resilient economy and a sustainable supply of raw materials , in order to meet the needs of a growing global population within the sustainable limits of the planet ' s natural resources . activities will contribute to increasing european competitiveness and improving well being , whilst assuring environmental integrity and sustainability , keeping average global warming below 2 °c and enabling ecosystems and society to adapt to climate change . ### the specific objective is to achieve a resource efficient and climate change resilient economy , the protection and sustainable management of natural resources and ecosystems , a sustainable use and supply of raw materials and water , in order to meet the needs of a growing global population within the sustainable limits of the planet ' s terrestrial and marine natural resources . activities will contribute to increasing european competitiveness and improving well being , whilst assuring environmental integrity and sustainability , keeping average global warming below 2 °c , enabling ecosystems and society to adapt to climate change and protecting cultural heritage .


### promote coherent and effective cooperation with third countries . ### understand how coherent and effective cooperation in research and advanced training with third countries fosters innovation .


### *including eur 8975 million for information and communication technologies of which eur 1795 million for photonics and micro - and nanoelectronics , eur 4293 million for nanotechnologies , advanced materials and advanced manufacturing and processing , eur 575 million for biotechnology and eur 1737 million for space . as a result , eur 6663 million will be available to support key enabling technologies . ### *including 57 , 6% for information and communication technologies of which 20%for photonics and micro - and nanoelectronics , 27 , 6% for nanotechnologies , advanced materials and advanced manufacturing and processing , 3 , 7% for biotechnology and 11 , 1% for space . as a result , 42 , 8% million will be available to support key enabling technologies .


### horizon 2020 shall be implemented in a manner ensuring that the priorities and actions supported are relevant to changing needs and take account of the evolving nature of science , technology , innovation , markets and society , where innovation includes business , organisational and social aspects . ### horizon 2020 shall be implemented in a manner ensuring that the priorities and actions supported remain relevant to changing needs and take account of the evolving nature of science , technology , innovation , economies and society in a globalised world , where innovation includes business , organisational and social aspects .


### chronic conditions such as cardiovascular disease , cancer , diabetes , neurological and mental health disorders , overweight and obesity and various functional limitations are major causes of disability , ill - health and premature death , and present considerable social and economic costs . ### chronic conditions such as cardiovascular disease , cancer , diabetes , neurological and mental health disorders , overweight and obesity and various functional limitations are major causes of disability , ill - health and premature death , and present considerable social and economic costs . in the case of other conditions , in particular neurodegenerative diseases , if prevention strategies are to be effective a major boost will need to be given to etiological research and better early diagnosis and treatment options will need to be developed .


### infectious diseases , are a global concern , accounting for 41 % of the 1 . 5 billion disability adjusted life years worldwide , with 8 % of these in europe . emerging epidemics and the threat of increasing anti - microbial resistance must also be prepared for . ### infectious diseases , are a global concern , accounting for 41 % of the 1 . 5 billion disability adjusted life years worldwide , with 8 % of these in europe . emerging epidemics and the threat of increasing anti - microbial resistance must also be prepared for . of increasing concern are water related diseases .


### social sciences and humanities shall be an integral part of the activities to address all the challenges . in addition , the underpinning development of these disciplines shall be supported under the specific objective ‘ inclusive , innovative and secure societies’ . support will also focus on providing a strong evidence base for policy making at international , union , national and regional levels . given the global nature of many of the challenges , strategic cooperation with third countries shall be an integral part of each challenge . in addition , cross - cutting support for international cooperation shall be provided under the specific objective ‘ inclusive , innovative and secure societies’ . ### social sciences and humanities shall be an integral part of the activities to address all the challenges . human and social sciences are to be represented in programme committees and experts ' groups in charge of project and programme evaluation in all topics . in addition , the underpinning development of these disciplines shall be supported under the specific objective ' inclusive , innovative and secure societies ' . likewise , a focus on gender and gender equality will be integrated in all challenges . support will also focus on providing a strong evidence base for policy making at international , union , national and regional levels . given the global nature of many of the challenges , strategic cooperation with third countries shall be an integral part of each challenge . in addition , cross - cutting support for international cooperation shall be provided under the specific objective ' inclusive , innovative and secure societies ' .


### effective health promotion , supported by a robust evidence base , prevents disease , improves wellbeing and is cost effective . health promotion and disease prevention also depend on an understanding of the determinants of health , on effective preventive tools , such as vaccines , on effective health and disease surveillance and preparedness , and on effective screening programmes . ### effective health promotion , supported by a robust evidence base , prevents disease , improves mental and physical wellbeing and is cost effective . health promotion and disease prevention also depend on an understanding of the determinants of , and links between , physical and mental health , on european data based on common indicators , on effective preventive tools , such as vaccines and behavioural interventions addressing risk factors , including obesity , on effective health and disease surveillance and preparedness , and on effective screening programmes and early diagnosis .


### these six major activity lines are expected to cover the full range of needs . these would include industrial leadership in generic ict - based solutions , products and services needed to tackle major societal challenges as well as application - driven ict research and innovation agendas which will be supported together with the relevant societal challenge . ### these seven major activity lines are expected to cover the full range of needs . these would include industrial leadership in generic ict - based solutions , products and services needed to tackle major societal challenges as well as application - driven ict research and innovation agendas which will be supported together with the relevant societal challenge .


### the specific objective is to secure sufficient supplies of safe and high quality food and other bio - based products , by developing productive and resource - efficient primary production systems , fostering related ecosystem services , along side competitive and low carbon supply chains . this will accelerate the transition to a sustainable european bio - economy . ### the specific objective is to secure sufficient supplies of safe and high quality healthy food and other bio - based products , by developing productive and resource - efficient primary production and food processing systems , fostering related ecosystem services , along side competitive and low carbon supply chains . this will accelerate the transition to a sustainable european bio - economy .


### specific activities shall include : understanding the determinants of health , improving health promotion and disease prevention ; understanding disease and improving diagnosis ; developing effective screening programmes and improving the assessment of disease susceptibility ; improving surveillance and preparedness ; developing better preventive vaccines ; using in - silico medicine for improving disease management and prediction ; treating disease ; transferring knowledge to clinical practice and scalable innovation actions ; better use of health data ; active ageing , independent and assisted living ; individual empowerment for self - management of health ; promotion of integrated care ; improving scientific tools and methods to support policy making and regulatory needs ; and optimising the efficiency and effectiveness of healthcare systems and reducing inequalities by evidence based decision making and dissemination of best practice , and innovative technologies and approaches . ### specific activities shall include : understanding the determinants of health , improving health promotion and disease prevention ; understanding the basis of disease and improving diagnosis ; developing effective screening programmes and improving the assessment of disease susceptibility ; improving surveillance and preparedness ; developing new and better preventive vaccines and drugs ; using in - silico medicine for improving disease management and prediction ; developing adapted treatments and treating disease ; transferring knowledge to clinical practice and scalable innovation actions including psychosocial aspects ; improving regulatory procedures and support of access related activities ; better collection and use of health data ; standardised data analysis techniques ; healthy and active ageing , independent and assisted living ; individual empowerment for self - management of health ; promotion of integrated care ; improving scientific tools and methods to support policy making and regulatory needs ; and optimising the efficiency and effectiveness of healthcare systems and reducing health disparities and inequalities by evidence based decision making and dissemination of best practice , and innovative technologies and approaches . all of these activities shall properly account for gender and sex analysis . the activities shall take full advantage of the opportunities presented for a true interdisciplinary approach , combining knowledge from all six challenges and the other pillars to ensure sustainable solutions within the domain . active involvement of health care providers must be encouraged in order to secure rapid take - up and implementation of results .


### the financial envelope for the implementation of horizon 2020 shall be eur 87740 million , of which a maximum of eur 86198 million shall be allocated to activities under title xix of the treaty on the functioning of the european union . ### the financial envelope for the implementation of horizon 2020 shall be eur xxx million , of which a maximum of 98 , 2% shall be allocated to activities under title xix of the treaty on the functioning of the european union .


### key activities shall be to provide excellent and innovative training to early - stage researchers at post - graduate level via interdisciplinary projects or doctoral programmes involving universities , research institutions , businesses , smes and other socio - economic groups from different countries . this will improve career prospects for young post - graduate researchers in both the public and private sectors . ### key activities shall be to provide excellent and innovative training to early - stage researchers at post - graduate level via interdisciplinary projects or doctoral programmes allowing researchers to develop their research curriculum and involving universities , research institutions , businesses , smes and other socio - economic groups from different countries . this will develop and improve career prospects for young post - graduate researchers in both the public and private sectors .


### research , technology development and innovation underpin capacities in space which are vital to european society . while the united states of america spends around 25 % of their space budget on r&d , the union spends less than 10 % . moreover , space research in the union is fragmented in the national programmes of a few member states . to maintain the technological and competitive edge union level action is needed to coordinate space research , to promote the participation of researchers from all member states , and to lower the barriers for collaborative space research projects across national borders . this needs to be done in coordination with the european space agency , which has successfully managed industrial satellite development and deep space missions on an intergovernmental basis with a subset of the member states since 1975 . in addition , the information provided by european satellites will offer an increasing potential for further development of innovative satellite - based downstream services . this is a typical activity sector for smes and should be supported by research and innovation measures in order to reap the full benefits of this opportunity , and especially of the considerable investments made on the two union flagships galileo and gmes . ### research , technology development and innovation underpin capacities in space which are vital to european society . while the united states of america spends around 25 % of their space budget on r&d , the union spends less than 10 % . moreover , space research in the union is fragmented in the national programmes of a few member states and the esa programmes . to maintain europe’s technological and competitive edge and to capitalise on investments , in time of financial crisis and budget shortfalls , union level action is needed in conjunction with the space research activities of the member states , esa and industry . the preparation of a strategic research agenda , involving industry , the ec and space agencies should therefore be a solution to support a better - defined vision of future technological paths for the european space sector . union level action is also needed to promote the participation of researchers from all member states , and to lower the barriers for collaborative space research projects across national borders . in addition , the information provided by european satellites will offer an increasing potential for further development of innovative satellite - based downstream services . this is a typical activity sector for smes and should be supported by research and innovation measures in order to reap the full benefits of this opportunity , and especially of the considerable investments made on the two union flagships galileo and gmes .


### supporting market - driven innovation to improve the framework conditions for innovation and tackling the specific barriers preventing , in particular , the growth of innovative smes . ### supporting market - driven innovation to improve the framework conditions for innovation , tackling the specific barriers preventing , in particular , the growth of innovative smes , and introducing an innovation clause enabling the selection of smes proposing innovative products .


### new technologies and solutions must compete on cost and reliability against highly optimised energy systems with well - established incumbents and technologies . research and innovation are critical to make these new , cleaner , low - carbon , more efficient energy sources commercially attractive on the scale needed . neither industry alone , nor member states individually , are able to bear the costs and risks , for which the main drivers are outside the market . ### new technologies and solutions must compete in energy systems designed for historic incumbents and technologies which have absorbed the vast majority of the world and europe ' s research and subsidies until today . research and innovation are critical to make new , cleaner , renewable and more efficient energy sources commercially attractive on the scale needed . neither industry alone , nor member states individually , are able to bear the costs and risks , for which the main drivers are outside the market .


### horizon 2020 should promote cooperation with third countries based on common interest and mutual benefit . international cooperation in science , technology and innovation should be targeted to contribute to achieving the europe 2020 objectives to strengthen competitiveness , contribute to tackling societal challenges and support union external and development policies , including by developing synergies with external programmes and contributing to the union ' s international commitments such as the achievement of millennium development goals . ### horizon 2020 should promote cooperation with third countries based on common interest and mutual benefit . international cooperation in science , technology and innovation should be targeted to contribute to achieving the europe 2020 objectives to strengthen competitiveness , contribute to tackling societal challenges and support union external and development policies , including by developing synergies with external programmes and contributing to the union ' s international commitments such as the achievement of millennium development goals and the rio + 20 targets .


### actions which bring together results from a range of projects , including those that may be funded from other sources , to provide user - friendly databases and reports that summarise key findings ; ### actions which bring together results from a range of projects , including those that may be funded from other sources , to provide user - friendly databases and reports that summarise key findings , and their communication and dissemination to the scientific community and the general public ;


### implementation of the set - plan as the research and innovation pillar of european energy policy will reinforce the union ' s security of supply and the transition to a low - carbon economy , help to link research and innovation programmes with trans - european and regional investments in energy infrastructure and increase the willingness of investors to release capital for projects with long lead - times and significant technology and market risks . it will create opportunities for innovation for small and large companies and help them become or remain competitive at world level , where opportunities for energy technologies are large and increasing . ### implementation of the set - plan as the research and innovation pillar of european energy policy will reinforce the union ' s security of supply and the transition to a low - carbon economy , help to link research and innovation programmes with trans - european and regional investments in energy infrastructure and increase the willingness of investors to release capital for projects with long lead - times and significant technology and market risks . it will create opportunities for innovation for small and large companies and help them become or remain competitive at world level , where opportunities for energy technologies are large and increasing . it is appropriate to distinguish set - plan industrial initiatives into separate budget lines . in particular , renewable energy technologies will provide between 55 and 75% of the eu ' s energy consumption in 2050 according to the commission ' s energy roadmap 2050 , with wind providing more electricity than any other technology ; it is therefore necessary that the wind industrial initiative be given a separate budget line under the set - plan .


### within the priorities and broad lines referred to in paragraph 2 , account may be taken of new and unforeseen needs that arise during the period of implementation of horizon 2020 . this may include responses to emerging opportunities , crises and threats , to needs relating to the development of new union policies , and to the piloting of actions foreseen for support under future programmes . ### within the priorities and broad lines referred to in paragraph 2 , account may be taken of new and unforeseen needs that arise during the period of implementation of horizon 2020 . this may include responses to emerging opportunities , crises and threats , to needs relating to the development of new union policies .


### the specific objective is to foster inclusive , innovative and secure european societies in a context of unprecedented transformations and growing global interdependencies . ### the specific objective is to foster inclusive and innovative european societies in a context of unprecedented transformations and growing global interdependencies .


### the aims shall be to encourage research infrastructures to act as early adopters of technology , to promote r&d partnerships with industry , to facilitate industrial use of research infrastructures and to stimulate the creation of innovation clusters . this activity shall also support training and / or exchanges of staff managing and operating research infrastructures . ### the aims shall be to encourage research infrastructures to act as early adopters or developers of technology , to promote r&d partnerships with industry , to facilitate industrial use of research infrastructures and to stimulate the creation of innovation clusters . this activity shall also support education and training and / or exchanges of staff using , managing and operating research infrastructures , including a secondment scheme for senior staff and project managers .


### the aim is to supply sufficient food , feed , biomass and other raw - materials , while safeguarding natural resources and enhancing ecosystems services , including coping with and mitigating climate change . the activities shall focus on more sustainable and productive agriculture and forestry systems which are both resource - efficient and resilient , while at the same time developing of services , concepts and policies for thriving rural livelihoods . ### the aim is to supply sufficient food , feed , biomass and other raw - materials , while safeguarding natural resources including biodiversity , in a european and world - wide perspective and enhancing ecosystems services , including coping with and mitigating climate change . the activities shall focus on more sustainable and productive agriculture , livestock and forestry systems which are resource - efficient , protect natural resources , are diverse and can adapt to a changing environment and are resilient , while at the same time developing services , concepts and policies for diverse food systems and thriving rural livelihoods .


### the specific objective ‘ inclusive , innovative and secure societies’ also includes an activity to close the research and innovation divide with specific measures to unlock excellence in less developed regions of the union . ### the specific objective ' europe in a changing world - inclusive and innovative societies ' also includes an activity to close the research and innovation divide with specific measures to unlock excellence in less developed regions of the union .


### food security , sustainable agriculture , marine and maritime research , and the bio - economy ; ### food security , sustainable agriculture , healthy and sustainable marine and maritime research and the bio - economy ;


### all the activities shall take a challenge - based approach , focusing on policy priorities without predetermining the precise choice of technologies or solutions that should be developed . the emphasis shall be on bringing together a critical mass of resources and knowledge across different fields , technologies and scientific disciplines in order to address the challenges . the activities shall cover the full cycle from research to market , with a new focus on innovation - related activities , such as piloting , demonstration , test - beds , support for public procurement , design , end - user driven innovation , social innovation and market take - up of innovations . ### all the activities shall take a challenge - based approach , focusing on policy priorities without predetermining the precise choice of technologies or solutions that should be developed . the emphasis shall be on bringing together a critical mass of resources and knowledge across different fields , technologies and scientific disciplines in order to address the challenges . the activities shall cover the full cycle from fundamental research to market , including innovation - related activities , such as piloting , demonstration , test - beds , support for public procurement , design , end - user driven innovation , social innovation and market take - up of innovations .


### horizon 2020 should contribute to the attractiveness of the research profession in the union . adequate attention should be paid to the european charter for researchers and code of conduct for the recruitment of researchers , together with other relevant reference frameworks defined in the context of the european research area , while respecting their voluntary nature . ### horizon 2020 should contribute to the attractiveness of the research profession in the union . full attention should be paid to the european charter for researchers and code of conduct for the recruitment of researchers , together with other relevant reference frameworks defined in the context of the european research area .


### europe is confronted with major socio - economic challenges which significantly affect its future - such as growing economic and cultural interdependencies , ageing , social exclusion and poverty , inequalities and migration flows , closing the digital divide , fostering a culture of innovation and creativity in society and enterprises , as well ensuring security and freedom , trust in democratic institutions and between citizens within and across borders . these challenges are enormous and they call for a common european approach . ### europe is confronted with major socio - economic challenges which significantly affect its future , such as growing economic and cultural interdependencies , ageing and demographic change , social exclusion and poverty , inequalities and migration flows , closing the digital divide , fostering a culture of innovation and creativity in society and enterprises , as well as ensuring trust in democratic institutions and between citizens within and across borders . moreover the role of public social policies in europe is increasingly perceived as a critical element for the sustainability of the european social model itself . these challenges are enormous and they call for an increasingly complex mix of diverse as well as common european approaches , based upon shared scientific knowledge that only the social sciences and humanities can provide .


### research , technology development and innovation underpin capacities in space which are vital to european society . while the united states of america spends around 25 % of their space budget on r&d , the union spends less than 10 % . moreover , space research in the union is fragmented in the national programmes of a few member states . to maintain the technological and competitive edge union level action is needed to coordinate space research , to promote the participation of researchers from all member states , and to lower the barriers for collaborative space research projects across national borders . this needs to be done in coordination with the european space agency , which has successfully managed industrial satellite development and deep space missions on an intergovernmental basis with a subset of the member states since 1975 . in addition , the information provided by european satellites will offer an increasing potential for further development of innovative satellite - based downstream services . this is a typical activity sector for smes and should be supported by research and innovation measures in order to reap the full benefits of this opportunity , and especially of the considerable investments made on the two union flagships galileo and gmes . ### research , technology development and innovation underpin capacities in space which are vital to european society . while the united states of america spends around 25 % of their space budget on r&d , the union spends less than 10 % . moreover , space research in the union is addressed in the national programmes of the member states . to maintain the technological and competitive edge union level action is needed to coordinate space research , to promote the participation of researchers from all member states , and to lower the barriers for collaborative space research projects across national borders . this needs to be done in coordination with the european space agency , which has successfully managed industrial satellite development and deep space missions on an intergovernmental basis with a subset of the member states since 1975 . in addition , the information provided by european satellites will offer an increasing potential for further development of innovative satellite - based downstream services . this is a typical activity sector for smes and should be supported by research and innovation measures in order to reap the full benefits of this opportunity , and especially of the considerable investments made on the two union flagships galileo and gmes .


### the focus of activities shall be to reduce congestion , improve accessibility and match user needs by promoting integrated door - to - door transport and logistics ; to enhance inter - modality and the deployment of smart planning and management solutions ; and to drastically reduce the occurrence of accidents and the impact of security threats . ### the focus of activities shall be to reduce congestion , improve accessibility and match user needs by promoting integrated door - to - door transport and logistics ; to accelerate intermodal solutions for passengers ; to enhance inter - modality and the deployment of smart planning and management solutions ; and to drastically reduce the occurrence of accidents and the impact of security threats .


### activities shall focus on research , development and full scale demonstration of new grid technologies , including storage , systems and market designs to plan , monitor , control and safely operate interoperable networks in an open , decarbonised , climate resilient and competitive market , under normal and emergency conditions . ### activities shall focus on research , development and full scale demonstration of new grid technologies , including storage , systems and market designs to plan , monitor , control and safely operate interoperable networks and balance an increasing renewables share in an open , decarbonised , climate resilient and competitive market , under normal and emergency conditions .


### space is a rapidly growing sector which delivers information vital to many areas of modern society , meeting its fundamental demands , addresses universal scientific questions , and serves to secure the union ' s position as a major player on the international stage . space research underpins all activities undertaken in space , but is currently fragmented in national programmes run by a subset of union member states . union level coordination and investment in space research are required to maintain the competitive edge , to safeguard union space infrastructure such as galileo and to sustain a future role for the union in space . in addition , innovative downstream services and applications using space derived information represent an important source of growth and job creation . ### space is a rapidly growing sector which delivers information vital to many areas of modern society , meeting its fundamental demands , addresses universal scientific questions , and serves to secure the union ' s position as a major player on the international stage . space research underpins all activities undertaken in space . union level coordination and investment in space research are required to maintain the competitive edge , to safeguard union space infrastructure such as galileo and to sustain a future role for the union in space . this shall be achieved in close cooperation with the european space agency . in addition , innovative downstream services and applications using space derived information represent an important source of growth and job creation and their development represents an important opportunity for the union .


### the focus of activities shall be to develop the next generation of innovative transport means and to prepare the ground for the following one , by working on novel concepts and designs , smart control systems and interoperable standards , efficient production processes , shorter development times and reduced lifecycle costs . ### the focus of activities shall be to develop the next generation of innovative transport means and to prepare the ground for the following one , by working on novel configurations and technologies , concepts and designs , smart control systems and interoperable standards , efficient production processes , use of advanced materials and biological bi - products which are more sustainable , innovative certification procedures , shorter development times and reduced lifecycle costs .