### 6. where harmonised standards referred to in paragraph 4 of this article do not exist or where the commission considers that the relevant harmonised standards are insufficient to ensure conformity with the essential requirements in paragraph 1 of this article in a cross-border context , the commission may , by way of implementing acts , adopt common specifications in respect of the essential requirements set out in paragraph 1 of this article. those implementing acts shall be adopted in accordance with the examination procedure referred to in article 39(2). ### deleted


### 1. each member state shall designate one or more competent authorities as responsible for the application and enforcement of this regulation. member states may establish one or more new authorities or rely on existing authorities. ### 1. each member state shall designate one competent authority as responsible for the application and enforcement of this regulation. member states may establish a new authority or rely on existing authorities.


### 1. each member state shall designate one or more competent authorities as responsible for the application and enforcement of this regulation. member states may establish one or more new authorities or rely on existing authorities. ### 1. each member state shall designate one or more competent authorities as responsible for the application and enforcement of this regulation , with designated responsible competent authority coordinating the work of the competent authorities. member states may establish one or more new authorities or rely on existing authorities.


### the independent supervisory authorities responsible for monitoring the application of regulation (eu) 2016/679 shall be responsible for monitoring the application of this regulation insofar as the protection of personal data is concerned. chapters vi and vii of regulation (eu) 2016/679 shall apply mutatis mutandis. the tasks and powers of the supervisory authorities shall be exercised with regard to the processing of personal data; ### deleted


### the national competent authority responsible for the application and enforcement of chapter vi of this regulation shall have experience in the field of data and electronic communications services. ### the national competent authority responsible for the application and enforcement of chapter vi of this regulation shall have experience , , sufficient technical and human resources and expertise in the field of data and electronic communications services.


### the national competent authority responsible for the application and enforcement of chapter vi of this regulation shall have experience in the field of data and electronic communications services. ### the national competent authority responsible for the application and enforcement of chapter vi of this regulation shall have the necessary expertise and experience in the field of data and electronic communications services.


### the national competent authority responsible for the application and enforcement of chapter vi of this regulation shall have experience in the field of data and electronic communications services. ### the national competent authority responsible for the application and enforcement of chapter vi of this regulation shall have , sufficient technical and human resources and expertise experience in the field of consumer protection , data and electronic communications services.


### the national competent authority responsible for the application and enforcement of chapter vi of this regulation shall have experience in the field of data and electronic communications services. ### the national competent authority responsible for the application and enforcement of chapter vi of this regulation shall have technical and human resources and experience in the field of data and electronic communications services.


### promoting awareness among users and entities falling within scope of this regulation of the rights and obligations under this regulation; ### promoting information and awareness among users and entities falling within scope of this regulation of the rights and obligations under this regulation;


### cooperating with competent authorities of other member states to ensure the consistent application of this regulation , including the exchange of all relevant information by electronic means , without undue delay; ### cooperating with competent authorities of other member states to ensure the consistent application of this regulation , particularly regarding issues with cross-border implications , including the exchange of all relevant information by electronic means , without undue delay;


### cooperating with competent authorities of other member states to ensure the consistent application of this regulation , including the exchange of all relevant information by electronic means , without undue delay; ### cooperating with competent authorities of other member states to ensure the consistent swift and effective application of this regulation , including the exchange of all relevant information by electronic means , in a timely manner without undue delay;


### 4. where a member state designates more than one competent authority , the competent authorities shall , in the exercise of the tasks and powers assigned to them under paragraph 3 of this article , cooperate with each other , including , as appropriate , with the supervisory authority responsible for monitoring the application of regulation (eu) 2016/679 , to ensure the consistent application of this regulation. in such cases , relevant member states shall designate a coordinating competent authority. ### 4. the competent authorities shall , in the exercise of the tasks and powers assigned to them under paragraph 3 of this article , cooperate , as appropriate , with the supervisory authority responsible for monitoring the application of regulation (eu) 2016/679 , to ensure the consistent application of this regulation.


### 4. where a member state designates more than one competent authority , the competent authorities shall , in the exercise of the tasks and powers assigned to them under paragraph 3 of this article , cooperate with each other , including , as appropriate , with the supervisory authority responsible for monitoring the application of regulation (eu) 2016/679 , to ensure the consistent application of this regulation. in such cases , relevant member states shall designate a coordinating competent authority. ### 4. where a member state designates more than one competent authority , the competent authorities shall , in the exercise of the tasks and powers assigned to them under paragraph 3 of this article , cooperate with each other , including , as appropriate , with the supervisory authority responsible for monitoring the application of regulation (eu) 2016/679 , to ensure the consistent application of this regulation. in such cases , relevant member states shall designate a coordinating , responsible competent authority.


### 5. member states shall communicate the name of the designated competent authorities and their respective tasks and powers and , where applicable , the name of the coordinating competent authority to the commission. the commission shall maintain a public register of those authorities. ### 5. member states shall communicate the name of the designated competent authorities and their respective tasks and powers to the commission. the commission shall maintain a public register of those authorities.


### 6. when carrying out their tasks and exercising their powers in accordance with this regulation , the competent authorities shall remain free from any external influence , whether direct or indirect , and shall neither seek nor take instructions from any other public authority or any private party. ### 6. when carrying out their tasks and exercising their powers in accordance with this regulation , the competent authorities shall be independent and remain free from any external influence , whether direct or indirect , and shall neither seek nor take instructions from any other public authority or any private party.


### the commission shall develop and recommend non-binding model contractual terms on data access and use to assist parties in drafting and negotiating contracts with balanced contractual rights and obligations. ### the commission shall develop and recommend non-binding model contractual terms on data access and use to assist parties in drafting and negotiating contracts with balanced contractual rights and obligations. the commission shall consult the european data protection board when developing such model contractual terms , as far as personal data are concerned.


### the commission shall develop and recommend non-binding model contractual terms on data access and use to assist parties in drafting and negotiating contracts with balanced contractual rights and obligations. ### the commission shall develop and recommend non-binding model contractual terms on data access and use to assist parties in drafting and negotiating contracts with balanced contractual rights and obligations. these non-binding contractual terms shall be openly freely available in easily usable electronic format.


### the commission shall develop and recommend non-binding model contractual terms on data access and use to assist parties in drafting and negotiating contracts with balanced contractual rights and obligations. ### the commission shall develop and recommend non-binding model contractual terms on data access and use to assist parties in drafting and negotiating contracts with balanced contractual rights and obligations. such contractual terms shall be in line with fair , reasonable and non-discriminatory(frand) principles.


### (11) union law setting physical design and data requirements for products to be placed on the union market should not be affected by this regulation. ### (11) union law setting design and data requirements for products to be placed on the union market should not be affected by this regulation.


### (66) when reusing data provided by data holders , public sector bodies and union institutions , agencies or bodies should respect both existing applicable legislation and contractual obligations to which the data holder is subject. where the disclosure of trade secrets of the data holder to public sector bodies or to union institutions , agencies or bodies is strictly necessary to fulfil the purpose for which the data has been requested , confidentiality of such disclosure should be ensured to the data holder. ### (66) when reusing data provided by data holders , public sector bodies and union institutions , agencies or bodies should respect both existing applicable legislation and contractual obligations to which the data holder is subject. . public administration authorities should coordinate their requests for data and pursue best efforts to ensure that businesses are obliged to supply the same data only once. where the disclosure of trade secrets of the data holder to public sector bodies or to union institutions , agencies or bodies is strictly necessary to fulfil the purpose for which the data has been requested , confidentiality of such disclosure should be ensured to the data holder.


### 1. a public sector body or a union institution , agency or body having received data pursuant to a request made under article 14 shall: ### 1. a public sector body or a union institution , agency or body having received data pursuant to a request made under article 14 or statistical or research organisation receiving data pursuant to a request made under article 21(1) shall:


### porting its data , applications and other digital assets to another provider of data processing services; ### porting its data , and metadata created by the customer and by the use of the originating service , and/or the customer’s applications and other digital assets to another provider of data processing services;


### 2. from [date x , the date of entry into force of the data act] until [date x+3yrs] , providers of data processing services may impose reduced charges on the customer for the switching process. ### 2. from [date x , the date of entry into force of the data act] until [date x+2yrs] , providers of data processing services may impose reduced charges on the customer in business-to-business relations for the switching process.


### 4. the commission is empowered to adopt delegated acts in accordance with article 38 to supplement this regulation in order to introduce a monitoring mechanism for the commission to monitor switching charges imposed by data processing service providers on the market to ensure that the withdrawal of switching charges as described in paragraph 1 of this article will be attained in accordance with the deadline provided in the same paragraph. ### 4. the commission is empowered to adopt delegated acts in accordance with article 38 to supplement this regulation in order to introduce a monitoring mechanism for the commission to monitor switching charges imposed by data processing service providers on the market to ensure that the withdrawal of switching charges as described in paragraph 1a of this article will be attained in accordance with the deadline provided in the same paragraph.


### technical aspects of switching ### technical aspects of switching and interoperability


### 2. for data processing services other than those covered by paragraph 1 , providers of data processing services shall make open interfaces publicly available and free of charge. ### 2. for data processing services other than those covered by paragraph 1 , providers of data processing services can be required by the data recipient to make open interfaces designed to facilitate switching between services of the same service type publicly available and free of charge.


### 2. for data processing services other than those covered by paragraph 1 , providers of data processing services shall make open interfaces publicly available and free of charge. ### 2. for data processing services other than those covered by paragraph 1 , providers of data processing services shall make open interfaces publicly available and free of charge for the purposes of portability and interoperability.


### the european data innovation board established under regulation [xxx – dga] shall advise and assist the commission in developing guidelines on the assessment of whether these conditions are met. ### the european data innovation board established under regulation (eu) 2022/868 shall advise and assist the commission in developing guidelines on the assessment of whether these conditions are met.


### operators of data spaces shall comply with , the following essential requirements to facilitate interoperability of data , data sharing mechanisms and services: ### operators within data spaces shall comply with , the following essential requirements applicable to the services offered by the operator , to facilitate interoperability of data , data sharing mechanisms and services:


### operators of data spaces shall comply with , the following essential requirements to facilitate interoperability of data , data sharing mechanisms and services: ### operators within data spaces shall comply with , the following essential requirements , applicable to the services offered by the operator , to facilitate interoperability of data , data sharing mechanisms and services:


### operators of data spaces shall comply with , the following essential requirements to facilitate interoperability of data , data sharing mechanisms and services: ### data holders and operators within common european data spaces shall comply with , the following essential requirements to facilitate interoperability of data , data sharing mechanisms and services:


### operators of data spaces shall comply with , the following essential requirements to facilitate interoperability of data , data sharing mechanisms and services: ### data holders and operators within data spaces shall comply with , the following essential requirements to facilitate interoperability of data , data sharing mechanisms and services:


### the dataset content , use restrictions , licences , data collection methodology , data quality and uncertainty shall be sufficiently described to allow the recipient to find , access and use the data; ### the dataset content , use restrictions , licences , data collection methodology , data quality and uncertainty shall be sufficiently described in a machine-readable format to allow the recipient to find , access and use the data;


### the technical means to access the data , such as application programming interfaces , and their terms of use and quality of service shall be sufficiently described to enable automatic access and transmission of data between parties , including continuously or in real-time in a machine-readable format; ### the technical means to access the data , such as application programming interfaces , and their terms of use and quality of service shall be sufficiently described to enable automatic access and transmission of data between parties , including continuously or in real-time in a machine-readable format , where that is necessary for the good functioning of the product or service and is technically feasible;


### the means to enable the interoperability of smart contracts within their services and activities shall be provided. ### the means to enable the interoperability of contracts for data sharing within their services and activities shall be provided.


### the means to enable the interoperability of smart contracts within their services and activities shall be provided. ### the means to enable the interoperability of smart contracts for data sharing within their services and activities shall be provided.


### 2. the commission is empowered to adopt delegated acts , in accordance with article 38 to supplement this regulation by further specifying the essential requirements referred to in paragraph 1. ### 2. the commission , in consultation with the european data innovation board in line with the articles 29and 30 (f)and 30(h) of the regulation (eu)no 2022/868 is empowered to adopt delegated acts , in accordance with article 38 to supplement this regulation by further specifying the essential requirements referred to in paragraph 1.


### 3. operators of data spaces that meet the harmonised standards or parts thereof published by reference in the official journal of the european union shall be presumed to be in conformity with the essential requirements referred to in paragraph 1 of this article , to the extent those standards cover those requirements. ### 3. operators within data spaces and data holders that meet the harmonised standards or parts thereof published by reference in the official journal of the european union shall be presumed to be in conformity with the essential requirements referred to in paragraph 1 of this article , to the extent those standards cover those requirements.


### 3. operators of data spaces that meet the harmonised standards or parts thereof published by reference in the official journal of the european union shall be presumed to be in conformity with the essential requirements referred to in paragraph 1 of this article , to the extent those standards cover those requirements. ### 3. data holders and operators within data spaces that meet the harmonised standards or parts thereof published by reference in the official journal of the european union shall be presumed to be in conformity with the essential requirements referred to in paragraph 1 of this article , to the extent those standards cover those requirements.


### 6. the commission may adopt guidelines laying down interoperability specifications for the functioning of common european data spaces , such as architectural models and technical standards implementing legal rules and arrangements between parties that foster data sharing , such as regarding rights to access and technical translation of consent or permission. ### 6. the commission , in consultation with the european data innovation board in line with the articles 29 and 30(f)and 30(h) of the regulation (eu) 2022/868 may adopt guidelines laying down interoperability specifications for the functioning of common european data spaces , such as architectural models and technical standards implementing legal rules and arrangements between parties that foster data sharing , such as regarding rights to access and technical translation of consent or permission.


### interoperability for data processing services ### interoperability and portability for data processing services


### 1. open interoperability specifications and european standards for the interoperability of data processing services shall: ### 1. open interoperability specifications and european standards for the interoperability and portability of data processing services shall:


### be performance oriented towards achieving interoperability between different data processing services that cover the same service type; ### be performance oriented towards achieving interoperability and portability between different data processing services that cover the same service type;


### enhance portability of digital assets between different data processing services that cover the same service type; ### enhance interoperability and portability of digital assets between different data processing services that cover the same service type;


### enhance portability of digital assets between different data processing services that cover the same service type; ### enhance portability of data and of digital assets between different data processing services that cover the same service type;


### guarantee , where technically feasible , functional equivalence between different data processing services that cover the same service type. ### facilitate , where technically feasible , functional equivalence between different data processing services that cover the same service type.


### 2. open interoperability specifications and european standards for the interoperability of data processing services shall address: ### 2. open interoperability specifications and european standards for the interoperability and portability of data processing services shall address:


### 5. for the purposes of article 26(3) of this regulation , the commission shall be empowered to adopt delegated acts , in accordance with article 38 , to publish the reference of open interoperability specifications and european standards for the interoperability of data processing services in central union standards repository for the interoperability of data processing services , where these satisfy the criteria specified in paragraph 1 and 2 of this article. ### 5. for the purposes of article 26(3) of this regulation , the commission in consultation with the european data innovation board in line with the articles 29 and 30(f) and 30(h) of regulation (eu) 2022/868 shall be empowered to adopt delegated acts , in accordance with article 38 , to publish the reference of open interoperability specifications and european standards for the interoperability of data processing services in central union standards repository for the interoperability of data processing services , where these satisfy the criteria specified in paragraph 1 and 2 of this article.


### 5. for the purposes of article 26(3) of this regulation , the commission shall be empowered to adopt delegated acts , in accordance with article 38 , to publish the reference of open interoperability specifications and european standards for the interoperability of data processing services in central union standards repository for the interoperability of data processing services , where these satisfy the criteria specified in paragraph 1 and 2 of this article. ### 5. for the purposes of article 26(3) of this regulation , the commission shall be empowered to adopt delegated acts , in accordance with article 38 , to publish the reference of open interoperability specifications and european standards for the interoperability and portability of data processing services in central union standards repository for the interoperability and portability of data processing services , where these satisfy the criteria specified in paragraph 1 and 2 of this article.


### 30 essential requirements regarding smart contracts for data sharing ### 30 essential requirements regarding contracts for data sharing


### robustness: ensure that the smart contract has been designed to offer a very high degree of robustness to avoid functional errors and to withstand manipulation by third parties; ### robustness and access control: ensure that the smart contract has been designed to offer rigorous access control mechanisms and a very high degree of robustness to avoid functional errors and to withstand manipulation by third parties;


### data archiving and continuity: foresee , if a smart contract must be terminated or deactivated , a possibility to archive transactional data , the smart contract logic and code to keep the record of the operations performed on the data in the past (auditability); and ### deleted


### access control: a smart contract shall be protected through rigorous access control mechanisms at the governance and smart contract layers. ### deleted


### 2. the vendor of a smart contract or , in the absence thereof , the person whose trade , business or profession involves the deployment of smart contracts for others in the context of an agreement to make data available shall perform a conformity assessment with a view to fulfilling the essential requirements under paragraph 1 and , on the fulfilment of the requirements , issue an eu declaration of conformity. ### deleted


### 4. a smart contract that meets the harmonised standards or the relevant parts thereof drawn up and published in the official journal of the european union shall be presumed to be in conformity with the essential requirements under paragraph 1 of this article to the extent those standards cover those requirements. ### deleted


### 3. member states shall ensure that the respective tasks and powers of the competent authorities designated pursuant to paragraph 1 of this article are clearly defined and include: ### 3. member states shall ensure that the respective tasks and powers of the competent authorities designated pursuant to paragraph 1 of this article are clearly defined and shall at least include:


### handling complaints arising from alleged violations of this regulation , and investigating , to the extent appropriate , the subject matter of the complaint and informing the complainant of the progress and the outcome of the investigation within a reasonable period , in particular if further investigation or coordination with another competent authority is necessary; ### handling complaints arising from alleged violations of this regulation , and investigating , to the extent appropriate , the subject matter of the complaint and regularly and meaningfully informing the complainant of the progress and the outcome of the investigation swiftly within a reasonable period , in particular if further investigation or coordination with another competent authority is necessary;


### imposing , through administrative procedures , dissuasive financial penalties which may include periodic penalties and penalties with retroactive effect , or initiating legal proceedings for the imposition of fines; ### imposing , through administrative or juridical procedures , dissuasive financial penalties which may include periodic penalties and penalties with retroactive effect , or initiating legal proceedings for the imposition of fines;


### monitoring technological developments of relevance for the making available and use of data; ### monitoring technological developments of relevance for the making available and use of data with a view of better enforcing this regulation; ;


### cooperating with all relevant competent authorities to ensure that the obligations of chapter vi are enforced consistently with other union legislation and self-regulation applicable to providers of data processing service; ### cooperating with all relevant competent authorities and the european data the european data innovation board to ensure that the obligations of this regulation are enforced consistently with other union legislation and sector specific data governance rules and regulations


### 1. without prejudice to any other administrative or judicial remedy , natural and legal persons shall have the right to lodge a complaint , individually or , where relevant , collectively , with the relevant competent authority in the member state of their habitual residence , place of work or establishment if they consider that their rights under this regulation have been infringed. ### 1. without prejudice to any other administrative or judicial remedy , natural and legal persons shall have the right to lodge a complaint , individually or , collectively , with the relevant competent authority in the member state of their habitual residence , place of work or establishment if they consider that their rights or the obligations under this regulation have been infringed.


### 3. competent authorities shall cooperate to handle and resolve complaints , including by exchanging all relevant information by electronic means , without undue delay. this cooperation shall not affect the specific cooperation mechanism provided for by chapters vi and vii of regulation (eu) 2016/679. ### 3. competent authorities shall cooperate early in the process to handle and resolve complaints effectively and in a timely manner , including by setting reasonable deadlines for adopting formal decisions , ensuring equality of the parties , ensuring the right to be heard from complainants and access to the file throughout the process , exchanging all relevant information by electronic means , without undue delay. this cooperation shall not affect the specific cooperation mechanism provided for by chapters vi and vii of regulation (eu) 2016/679.


### 3. competent authorities shall cooperate to handle and resolve complaints , including by exchanging all relevant information by electronic means , without undue delay. this cooperation shall not affect the specific cooperation mechanism provided for by chapters vi and vii of regulation (eu) 2016/679. ### 3. competent authorities shall cooperate to handle and resolve complaints effectively and in a timely manner , including by setting reasonable deadlines for adopting formal decisions , ensuring equality of the parties , ensuring the right to be heard from complainants and access to the file throughout the process , exchanging all relevant information by electronic means , without undue delay. this cooperation shall not affect the specific cooperation mechanism provided for by chapters vi and vii of regulation (eu) 2016/679.


### 1. member states shall lay down the rules on penalties applicable to infringements of this regulation and shall take all measures necessary to ensure that they are implemented. the penalties provided for shall be effective , proportionate and dissuasive. ### 1. member states shall lay down the rules on penalties applicable to infringements of this regulation and shall take all measures necessary to ensure that they are implemented. the penalties provided for shall be effective , proportionate and dissuasive , including administrative fines against enterprises of a minimum of 20 000 000eur or 4 % of the total worldwide annual turnover of the preceding financial year , whichever is higher.


### 2. member states shall by [date of application of the regulation] notify the commission of those rules and measures and shall notify it without delay of any subsequent amendment affecting them. ### 2. member states shall by [date of application of the regulation] notify the commission , the european data protection board and the european data innovation boardof those rules and measures and shall notify it them without delay of any subsequent amendment affecting them. the commission shall regularly update and maintain an easily accessible public register of those measures.


### 6. the data holder shall only use any non-personal data generated by the use of a product or related service on the basis of a contractual agreement with the user. the data holder shall not use such data generated by the use of the product or related service to derive insights about the economic situation , assets and production methods of or the use by the user that could undermine the commercial position of the user in the markets in which the user is active. ### 6. the data holder and the user shall only use any non-personal data generated by the use of a product or related service on the basis of a contractual agreement with the user. the data holder shall not use such data generated by the use of the product or related service to derive insights about the economic situation , assets and production methods of or the use by the user that could undermine the commercial position of the user in the markets in which the user is active.


### v making data available to public sector bodies and union institutions , agencies or bodies based on exceptional need ### v making data available to public sector bodies and union institutions , agencies or bodies


### obligation to make data available based on exceptional need ### obligation to make data available


### exceptional need to use data ### conditions to use data


### 2. the rights from this chapter shall not be exercised by public sector bodies and union institutions , agencies and bodies in order to carry out activities for the prevention , investigation , detection or prosecution of criminal or administrative offences or the execution of criminal penalties , or for customs or taxation administration. this chapter does not affect the applicable union and national law on the prevention , investigation , detection or prosecution of criminal or administrative offences or the execution of criminal or administrative penalties , or for customs or taxation administration. ### 2. the rights from this chapter shall not be exercised to obtain information or take decisions concerning identifiable individuals. the rights from this chapter shall not be exercised by public sector bodies and union institutions , agencies and bodies in order to carry out activities for the prevention , investigation , detection or prosecution of criminal or administrative offences or the execution of criminal penalties , or for customs or taxation administration. this chapter does not affect the applicable union and national law on the prevention , investigation , detection or prosecution of criminal or administrative offences or the execution of criminal or administrative penalties , or for customs or taxation administration.


### be expressed in clear , concise and plain language understandable to the data holder; ### be made in writing and be expressed in clear , concise and plain language understandable to the data holder;


### (15) ‘open interoperability specifications’ mean ict technical specifications , as defined in regulation (eu) no 1025/2012 , which are performance oriented towards achieving interoperability between data processing services; ### (15) 'open standards’ mean technical specifications , for repeated or continuous application , publicly available for implementation and use on reasonable terms (including for a reasonable fee or free of charge) , adopted through an inclusive , collaborative , consensus-based and transparent process from which materially affected and interested parties cannot be excluded;


### (1) in its communication “2030 digital compass: the european way for the digital decade” of 9 march 202131 (“digital compass communication”) the commission laid out its vision for 2030 to empower citizens and businesses through the digital transition. the union way for the digital transformation of economy and society should encompass digital sovereignty , inclusion , equality , sustainability , resilience , security , improving quality of life , respect of citizens’ rights and aspirations and should contribute to a dynamic , resource efficient , and fair economy and society in the union. ### (1) in its communication “2030 digital compass: the european way for the digital decade” of 9 march 202131 (“digital compass communication”) the commission laid out its vision for 2030 to empower citizens and businesses through the digital transition. the union way for the digital transformation of economy and society should encompass digital sovereignty , inclusion , equal opportunities regardless of religion or gender , sustainability , resilience , security , improving quality of life , respect of citizens’ rights and aspirations and should contribute to a dynamic , resource efficient , and fair economy and society in the union and a fully functional and accessible single market.


### (4) the commission’s communication on the european green deal35 emphasised that europe should leverage the potential of the digital transformation , which is a key enabler for reaching the green deal objectives. the union should promote and invest in the necessary digital transformation as digital technologies are a critical enabler for attaining the sustainability goals of the green deal in many different sectors. digital technologies such as artificial intelligence , 5g , cloud and edge computing and the internet of things can accelerate and maximise the impact of policies to deal with climate change and protect the environment. digitalisation also presents new opportunities for distance monitoring of air and water pollution , or for monitoring and optimising how energy and natural resources are used. europe needs a digital sector that puts sustainability at its heart , ensuring that digital infrastructures and technologies become verifiably more sustainable and energy- and resource efficient , and contribute to a sustainable circular and climate-neutral economy and society in line with the european green deal. ### (4) the commission’s communication on the european green deal35 emphasised that europe should leverage the potential of the digital transformation , which is a key enabler for reaching the green deal and the union’s updated industrial strategy´s objectives and increasing competitiveness. the union should promote and invest in the necessary digital transformation as digital technologies are a critical enabler for attaining the sustainability goals of the green deal in many different sectors. digital technologies such as artificial intelligence , 5g , cloud and edge computing and the internet of things can accelerate and maximise the impact of policies to deal with climate change and protect the environment. digitalisation also presents new opportunities for distance monitoring of air and water pollution , or for monitoring and optimising how energy and natural resources are used. europe needs a digital sector that puts sustainability at its heart , ensuring that digital infrastructures and technologies become verifiably more sustainable and energy- and resource efficient , and contribute to a sustainable circular and climate-neutral economy and society in line with the european green deal.


### (6) in order to follow the trajectory of the union regarding the pace of digital transformation , digital targets should be established. these targets should be linked to concrete areas , where progress should collectively be made within the union. the targets follow the four cardinal points identified in the digital compass communication , identified as the essential areas for the digital transformation of the union: digital skills , digital infrastructures , digitalisation of businesses and of public services. ### (6) in order to follow the trajectory of the union regarding the pace of digital transformation , digital targets should be established. these targets should be linked to concrete areas , where progress should collectively be made within the union. the targets follow the four cardinal points identified in the digital compass communication , identified as the essential areas for the digital transformation of the union: digital skills , digital infrastructures , digitalisation of businesses and of public services , areas that need to be supported to the same extent.


### (6) in order to follow the trajectory of the union regarding the pace of digital transformation , digital targets should be established. these targets should be linked to concrete areas , where progress should collectively be made within the union. the targets follow the four cardinal points identified in the digital compass communication , identified as the essential areas for the digital transformation of the union: digital skills , digital infrastructures , digitalisation of businesses and of public services. ### (6) in order to follow the trajectory of the union regarding the pace of digital transformation , digital targets should be established. these targets should be linked to concrete areas , where progress should collectively be made within the union. the targets follow the four cardinal points identified in the digital compass communication , identified as the essential areas for the digital transformation of the union: education and digital skills , digital infrastructures , digitalisation of businesses and of public services. however , for these targets to be reached a cross-cutting approach needs to be adopted that provides for the full manifestation of the social dimension , in order to ensure that human beings are placed at the centre of digital transformation processes.


### (6) in order to follow the trajectory of the union regarding the pace of digital transformation , digital targets should be established. these targets should be linked to concrete areas , where progress should collectively be made within the union. the targets follow the four cardinal points identified in the digital compass communication , identified as the essential areas for the digital transformation of the union: digital skills , digital infrastructures , digitalisation of businesses and of public services. ### (6) in order to follow the trajectory of the union regarding the pace of digital transformation , clear digital targets should be established for and within member states. these targets should be linked to concrete areas , supervised in the european semester format , where progress should collectively and individually be made within the union. the targets follow the four cardinal points identified in the digital compass communication , identified as the essential areas for the digital transformation of the union: digital skills , digital infrastructures , digitalisation of businesses and of public services.


### (7) digital skills , basic and advanced , are essential to reinforce the collective resilience of the union’s society. digitally empowered and capable citizens will be able to take advantage of the opportunities of the digital decade. moreover , digital training and education should support a workforce in which people can acquire specialised digital skills to get quality jobs and rewarding careers in much greater numbers than today , with convergence between women and men. in addition , an essential enabler for taking advantage of the benefits of digitisation , for further technological developments and for europe’s digital leadership is a sustainable digital infrastructure for connectivity , microelectronics and the ability to process vast data. excellent and secure connectivity for everybody and everywhere in europe including in rural and remote areas40 is needed. societal needs for upload and download bandwidth are constantly growing. by 2030 , networks with gigabit speeds should become available at accessible conditions for all those who need or wish such capacity. moreover , microprocessors which are already today at the start of most of the key , strategic value chains are expected to be in even higher demand in the future , in particular the most innovative ones. climate neutral highly secure edge node guaranteeing access to data services with low latency wherever businesses are located and quantum capacity are also expected to be critical enablers. ### (7) digital skills , basic and advanced , are essential to reinforce the collective resilience of the union’s society. digitally empowered and capable citizens will be able to take advantage of the opportunities of the digital decade. moreover , digital training and education should support a workforce in which people can acquire specialised digital skills to get quality jobs and rewarding careers in much greater numbers than today , with convergence between women and men. digital training and education should be extended to the business environment , especially to micro-enterprises and smes to ensure effective digital transformation. in addition , an essential enabler for taking advantage of the benefits of digitisation , for further technological developments and for europe’s digital leadership is a sustainable digital infrastructure for connectivity , microelectronics and the ability to process vast data. excellent and secure connectivity for everybody and everywhere in europe including in rural and remote areas40 is needed. societal needs for upload and download bandwidth are constantly growing. by 2030 , networks with gigabit speeds should become available at accessible conditions for all those who need or wish such capacity. moreover , microprocessors which are already today at the start of most of the key , strategic value chains are expected to be in even higher demand in the future , in particular the most innovative ones. climate neutral highly secure edge node guaranteeing access to data services with low latency wherever businesses are located and quantum capacity are also expected to be critical enablers.


### (7) digital skills , basic and advanced , are essential to reinforce the collective resilience of the union’s society. digitally empowered and capable citizens will be able to take advantage of the opportunities of the digital decade. moreover , digital training and education should support a workforce in which people can acquire specialised digital skills to get quality jobs and rewarding careers in much greater numbers than today , with convergence between women and men. in addition , an essential enabler for taking advantage of the benefits of digitisation , for further technological developments and for europe’s digital leadership is a sustainable digital infrastructure for connectivity , microelectronics and the ability to process vast data. excellent and secure connectivity for everybody and everywhere in europe including in rural and remote areas40 is needed. societal needs for upload and download bandwidth are constantly growing. by 2030 , networks with gigabit speeds should become available at accessible conditions for all those who need or wish such capacity. moreover , microprocessors which are already today at the start of most of the key , strategic value chains are expected to be in even higher demand in the future , in particular the most innovative ones. climate neutral highly secure edge node guaranteeing access to data services with low latency wherever businesses are located and quantum capacity are also expected to be critical enablers. ### (7) digital skills , basic and advanced , are essential to reinforce the collective resilience of the union’s society. digitally empowered and capable citizens will be able to take advantage of the opportunities of the digital decade. moreover , digital training and education should support a workforce in which people can acquire specialised digital skills to get quality jobs and rewarding careers in much greater numbers than today , with convergence between women and men. it is necessary to have a strong gender perspective for the digital transition in order to ensure the equal participation of women in digital matters , amongst others by equipping them with the necessary skills , improving their digital literacy and skills and making the digital environment female friendly. in addition , an essential enabler for taking advantage of the benefits of digitisation , for further technological developments and for europe’s digital leadership is a sustainable digital infrastructure for connectivity , microelectronics and the ability to process vast data. excellent and secure connectivity for everybody and everywhere in europe including in rural and remote areas40 is needed. societal needs for upload and download bandwidth are constantly growing. by 2030 , networks with gigabit speeds should become available at affordable conditions for all those who need or wish to have such capacity. moreover , microprocessors which are already today at the start of most of the key , strategic value chains are expected to be in even higher demand in the future , in particular the most innovative ones. climate neutral highly secure edge node guaranteeing access to data services with low latency wherever businesses are located and quantum capacity are also expected to be critical enablers.


### (7) digital skills , basic and advanced , are essential to reinforce the collective resilience of the union’s society. digitally empowered and capable citizens will be able to take advantage of the opportunities of the digital decade. moreover , digital training and education should support a workforce in which people can acquire specialised digital skills to get quality jobs and rewarding careers in much greater numbers than today , with convergence between women and men. in addition , an essential enabler for taking advantage of the benefits of digitisation , for further technological developments and for europe’s digital leadership is a sustainable digital infrastructure for connectivity , microelectronics and the ability to process vast data. excellent and secure connectivity for everybody and everywhere in europe including in rural and remote areas40is needed. societal needs for upload and download bandwidth are constantly growing. by 2030 , networks with gigabit speeds should become available at accessible conditions for all those who need or wish such capacity. moreover , microprocessors which are already today at the start of most of the key , strategic value chains are expected to be in even higher demand in the future , in particular the most innovative ones. climate neutral highly secure edge node guaranteeing access to data services with low latency wherever businesses are located and quantum capacity are also expected to be critical enablers. ### (7) digital skills , basic and advanced , are essential to reinforce the collective resilience of the union’s society. digital skills should be considered a core competence for all teachers , educators and instructors. high-quality specialised digital skills training should be available to all teachers and other staff in education and training establishments as soon as possible , with a particular focus on in-service upskilling for older teachers and teachers with disabilities , enabling all teachers and pedagogical staff to use , adapt and create digital learning content and teaching methods , and to pass on basic digital skills in their daily work. digitally empowered and capable citizens will be able to take advantage of the opportunities of the digital decade. moreover , digital training and education should support a workforce in which people can acquire specialised digital skills to get quality jobs and rewarding careers in much greater numbers than today , with convergence between women and men. in addition , an essential enabler for taking advantage of the benefits of digitisation , for further technological developments and for europe’s digital leadership is a sustainable digital infrastructure for connectivity , microelectronics and the ability to process vast data. excellent and secure connectivity for everybody and everywhere in europe including in rural and remote areas40 is needed. societal needs for upload and download bandwidth are constantly growing. by 2030 , networks with gigabit speeds should become available on affordable and accessible conditions for all those who need or wish such capacity. while there are currently large disparities in prices in eu member states for communications facilities and mobile data services , by 2030 high-speed mobile data networks should be available for all in all eu member states , in rural and urban areas , at affordable and accessible conditions40a. moreover , microprocessors which are already today at the start of most of the key , strategic value chains are expected to be in even higher demand in the future , in particular the most innovative ones. climate neutral highly secure edge node guaranteeing access to data services with low latency wherever businesses are located and quantum capacity are also expected to be critical enablers.


### (7) digital skills , basic and advanced , are essential to reinforce the collective resilience of the union’s society. digitally empowered and capable citizens will be able to take advantage of the opportunities of the digital decade. moreover , digital training and education should support a workforce in which people can acquire specialised digital skills to get quality jobs and rewarding careers in much greater numbers than today , with convergence between women and men. in addition , an essential enabler for taking advantage of the benefits of digitisation , for further technological developments and for europe’s digital leadership is a sustainable digital infrastructure for connectivity , microelectronics and the ability to process vast data. excellent and secure connectivity for everybody and everywhere in europe including in rural and remote areas40 is needed. societal needs for upload and download bandwidth are constantly growing. by 2030 , networks with gigabit speeds should become available at accessible conditions for all those who need or wish such capacity. moreover , microprocessors which are already today at the start of most of the key , strategic value chains are expected to be in even higher demand in the future , in particular the most innovative ones. climate neutral highly secure edge node guaranteeing access to data services with low latency wherever businesses are located and quantum capacity are also expected to be critical enablers. ### (7) digital skills , basic and advanced , are essential to reinforce the collective resilience of the union’s society. digitally empowered and capable citizens will be able to take advantage of the opportunities of the digital decade. digital citizenship education and the identification and formal approval at european level of digital rights and obligations is therefore key for the empowering of eu citizens. moreover , digital training and education should support a workforce in which people can acquire specialised digital skills to get quality jobs and rewarding careers in much greater numbers than today , with convergence between women and men. in addition , an essential enabler for taking advantage of the benefits of digitisation , for further technological developments and for europe’s digital leadership is a sustainable digital infrastructure for connectivity , microelectronics and the ability to process vast data. excellent and secure connectivity for everybody and everywhere in europe including in rural , mountain , socially disadvantaged and remote areas40 is needed. societal needs for upload and download bandwidth are constantly growing. by 2030 , networks with gigabit speeds should become available at accessible conditions for all those who need or wish such capacity. moreover , microprocessors which are already today at the start of most of the key , strategic value chains are expected to be in even higher demand in the future , in particular the most innovative ones. climate neutral highly secure edge node guaranteeing access to data services with low latency wherever businesses are located and quantum capacity are also expected to be critical enablers.


### (7) digital skills , basic and advanced , are essential to reinforce the collective resilience of the union’s society. digitally empowered and capable citizens will be able to take advantage of the opportunities of the digital decade. moreover , digital training and education should support a workforce in which people can acquire specialised digital skills to get quality jobs and rewarding careers in much greater numbers than today , with convergence between women and men. in addition , an essential enabler for taking advantage of the benefits of digitisation , for further technological developments and for europe’s digital leadership is a sustainable digital infrastructure for connectivity , microelectronics and the ability to process vast data. excellent and secure connectivity for everybody and everywhere in europe including in rural and remote areas40 is needed. societal needs for upload and download bandwidth are constantly growing. by 2030 , networks with gigabit speeds should become available at accessible conditions for all those who need or wish such capacity. moreover , microprocessors which are already today at the start of most of the key , strategic value chains are expected to be in even higher demand in the future , in particular the most innovative ones. climate neutral highly secure edge node guaranteeing access to data services with low latency wherever businesses are located and quantum capacity are also expected to be critical enablers. ### (7) digital skills , basic and advanced , are essential to reinforce the collective resilience of the union’s society , to reverse the brain drain of its workforce and to enhance the union's attractiveness for high-skilled professionals coming from third countries. digitally empowered and capable citizens will be able to take advantage of the opportunities of the digital decade. moreover , digital training and education should support a workforce in which people can acquire specialised digital skills to get quality jobs and rewarding careers in much greater numbers than today , with full convergence between women and men. it is necessary to have a strong gender perspective for the digital transition in order to ensure the equal participation of women in digital matters , inter alia by equipping them with the necessary skills , improving their digital literacy and skills and making the digital environment female-friendly. in addition , an essential enabler for taking advantage of the benefits of digitalisation , for further technological developments and for europe’s digital leadership is a sustainable digital infrastructure for connectivity , microelectronics and the ability to process vast data. excellent and secure connectivity for everybody and everywhere in europe , including in rural and remote areas , such as islands , mountainous and sparsely populated as well as outermost regions is needed. societal needs for upload and download bandwidth are constantly growing. by 2030 , networks with gigabit speeds should become available at affordable conditions for all those who need or wish to have such capacity , which requires investment in connectivity and digital infrastructure as well as a technologically neutral approach while developing adequate frameworks so that all market actors benefiting from the digital transformation assume their social responsibilities and make a fair and proportionate contribution to the costs of public goods , services and infrastructures , for the benefit of all europeans. moreover , microprocessors which are already today at the start of most of the key , strategic value chains are expected to be in even higher demand in the future , in particular the most innovative ones. climate neutral highly secure edge node guaranteeing access to data services with low latency wherever businesses are located and quantum capacity are also expected to be critical enablers.


### (7) digital skills , basic and advanced , are essential to reinforce the collective resilience of the union’s society. digitally empowered and capable citizens will be able to take advantage of the opportunities of the digital decade. moreover , digital training and education should support a workforce in which people can acquire specialised digital skills to get quality jobs and rewarding careers in much greater numbers than today , with convergence between women and men. in addition , an essential enabler for taking advantage of the benefits of digitisation , for further technological developments and for europe’s digital leadership is a sustainable digital infrastructure for connectivity , microelectronics and the ability to process vast data. excellent and secure connectivity for everybody and everywhere in europe including in rural and remote areas40 is needed. societal needs for upload and download bandwidth are constantly growing. by 2030 , networks with gigabit speeds should become available at accessible conditions for all those who need or wish such capacity. moreover , microprocessors which are already today at the start of most of the key , strategic value chains are expected to be in even higher demand in the future , in particular the most innovative ones. climate neutral highly secure edge node guaranteeing access to data services with low latency wherever businesses are located and quantum capacity are also expected to be critical enablers. ### (7) digital skills , basic and advanced , are essential to reinforce the collective resilience of the union’s society. digitally empowered and capable citizens will be able to take advantage of the opportunities of the digital decade. moreover , digital training and education should support a workforce in which people can acquire specialised digital skills to get quality jobs and rewarding careers in much greater numbers than today , with convergence between women and men. in addition , an essential enabler for taking advantage of the benefits of digitisation , for further technological developments and for europe’s digital leadership is a sustainable digital infrastructure for connectivity , microelectronics and the ability to process vast data. excellent and secure connectivity for everybody and everywhere in europe including in rural and remote areas40 is needed. societal needs for upload and download bandwidth are constantly growing. by 2030 , networks with gigabit speeds should become available at affordable conditions for all those who need or wish to have such capacity. convergent conditions for investments in digital infrastructures will be needed in order to create a framework where all relevant digital market players make a fair and proportionate contribution for the cost of usage of network operators’ digital infrastructure. moreover , microprocessors which are already today at the start of most of the key , strategic value chains are expected to be in even higher demand in the future , in particular the most innovative ones. climate neutral highly secure edge node guaranteeing access to data services with low latency wherever businesses are located and quantum capacity are also expected to be critical enablers.


### (7) digital skills , basic and advanced , are essential to reinforce the collective resilience of the union’s society. digitally empowered and capable citizens will be able to take advantage of the opportunities of the digital decade. moreover , digital training and education should support a workforce in which people can acquire specialised digital skills to get quality jobs and rewarding careers in much greater numbers than today , with convergence between women and men. in addition , an essential enabler for taking advantage of the benefits of digitisation , for further technological developments and for europe’s digital leadership is a sustainable digital infrastructure for connectivity , microelectronics and the ability to process vast data. excellent and secure connectivity for everybody and everywhere in europe including in rural and remote areas40 is needed. societal needs for upload and download bandwidth are constantly growing. by 2030 , networks with gigabit speeds should become available at accessible conditions for all those who need or wish such capacity. moreover , microprocessors which are already today at the start of most of the key , strategic value chains are expected to be in even higher demand in the future , in particular the most innovative ones. climate neutral highly secure edge node guaranteeing access to data services with low latency wherever businesses are located and quantum capacity are also expected to be critical enablers. ### (7) digital skills , basic and advanced , are essential to reinforce the collective resilience of the union’s society. digitally empowered and capable citizens will be able to take advantage of the opportunities of the digital decade. moreover , digital training and education should support a workforce in which people can acquire specialised digital skills to get quality jobs and rewarding careers in much greater numbers than today , with convergence between women and men. in addition , an essential enabler for taking advantage of the benefits of digitisation , for further technological developments and for europe’s digital leadership is a sustainable digital infrastructure for connectivity , microelectronics and data processing , especially in common european data spaces. excellent and secure connectivity for everybody and everywhere in europe including in rural and remote areas40 is needed. societal needs for upload and download bandwidth are constantly growing. by 2030 , networks with gigabit speeds should become available at accessible conditions for all those who need or wish such capacity. moreover , microprocessors which are already today at the start of most of the key , strategic value chains are expected to be in even higher demand in the future , in particular the most innovative ones. climate neutral highly secure edge node guaranteeing access to data services with low latency wherever businesses are located and quantum capacity are also expected to be critical enablers.


### (8) beyond enablers , all the above mentioned technologies will be at the core of new products , new manufacturing processes and new business models based on fair sharing of data in the data economy. the transformation of businesses will depend on their ability to adopt new digital technologies rapidly and across the board , including in industrial and services ecosystems that are currently lagging behind. ### (8) beyond enablers , all the above mentioned technologies will be at the core of new products , new manufacturing processes and new business models based on fair sharing of data in the data economy. the transformation of businesses will depend on their ability to adopt new digital technologies rapidly and across the board , including in industrial and services ecosystems that are currently lagging behind. the european union should protect member states and citizens against digital dependency from specific suppliers , resources or technologies and increasingly seek and call for digital interlinks. the democratisation of digital resources and technologies and the respect for competition rules are necessary for a stable and growing digital market in europe.


### (8) beyond enablers , all the above mentioned technologies will be at the core of new products , new manufacturing processes and new business models based on fair sharing of data in the data economy. the transformation of businesses will depend on their ability to adopt new digital technologies rapidly and across the board , including in industrial and services ecosystems that are currently lagging behind. ### (8) beyond enablers , all the above mentioned technologies will be at the core of new products , new manufacturing processes and new business models based on fair sharing of data in the data economy. the transformation of businesses will depend on their ability to adopt new digital technologies rapidly and across the board , including in industrial and services ecosystems that are currently lagging behind. this transformation is particularly important for small and medium enterprises since they still face a significant gap with larger companies , which should be bridged by taking into account their digitalisation needs.


### (9) democratic life and public services will also crucially depend on digital technologies and therefore they should be fully accessible for everyone , as a best–in-class digital environment providing for easy-to-use , efficient and personalised services and tools with high security and privacy standards. ### (9) democratic life and public services will also crucially depend on digital technologies and therefore they should be fully accessible for everyone , as a best–in-class digital environment providing for easy-to-use , affordable , accessible , efficient and personalised services and tools with high security and privacy standards. the policy programme should create a human-centred digital environment that enables all citizens , consumers and small-business owners to become active , creative and critical players with sufficient knowledge , skills and understanding to make informed decisions about the use and opportunities of digital technologies.


### (9) democratic life and public services will also crucially depend on digital technologies and therefore they should be fully accessible for everyone , as a best–in-class digital environment providing for easy-to-use , efficient and personalised services and tools with high security and privacy standards. ### (9) democratic life and public services will also crucially depend on digital technologies and therefore they should be fully accessible for everyone , as a best–in-class digital environment providing for easy-to-use , efficient and personalised services and tools with high security and privacy standards; defining quality digital education standards is necessary to make sure such services are being provided adequately across the union; availability of quality online education is often not an alternative , but the only option for certain groups such as those working full-time or out of work in rural and remote regions or for disabled people.


### (9) democratic life and public services will also crucially depend on digital technologies and therefore they should be fully accessible for everyone , as a best–in-class digital environment providing for easy-to-use , efficient and personalised services and tools with high security and privacy standards. ### (9) democratic life and public services will also crucially depend on digital technologies and therefore they should be fully accessible for everyone , as a best–in-class digital environment providing for easy-to-use , efficient and personalised services and tools with high security and privacy standards. this process should however take place without prejudice to the accessibility of “offline” public services , especially for those demographic categories that still lag behind in terms of digitalisation , while supporting them in the process of transitioning towards the uptake of digital tools.


### (11) a harmonious , inclusive and steady progress towards the digital transformation and towards the achievement of the digital targets in the union , requires a comprehensive , robust , reliable , flexible and transparent form of governance , based on close cooperation and coordination between the union institutions , bodies and agencies , and the member states. an appropriate mechanism should ensure coordination of convergence and the consistency and effectiveness of policies and measures at union and national level. therefore , it is necessary to lay down provisions on a monitoring and cooperation mechanism implementing the digital compass communication. ### (11) a harmonious , inclusive and steady progress towards the digital transformation and towards the achievement of the digital targets in the union , requires a comprehensive , robust , reliable , flexible and transparent form of governance , based on close cooperation and coordination between the union institutions , bodies and agencies , and the member states. an appropriate mechanism should ensure coordination of convergence and the consistency and effectiveness of policies and measures at union and national level. therefore , it is necessary to lay down provisions on a monitoring and cooperation mechanism implementing the digital compass communication. involving the education eco-system , in particular universities , in the process of communication , implementation and governance at european , national and local level is key for the success of the process.


### (11) a harmonious , inclusive and steady progress towards the digital transformation and towards the achievement of the digital targets in the union , requires a comprehensive , robust , reliable , flexible and transparent form of governance , based on close cooperation and coordination between the union institutions , bodies and agencies , and the member states. an appropriate mechanism should ensure coordination of convergence and the consistency and effectiveness of policies and measures at union and national level. therefore , it is necessary to lay down provisions on a monitoring and cooperation mechanism implementing the digital compass communication. ### (11) a harmonious , inclusive and steady progress towards the digital transformation and towards the achievement of the digital targets in the union , requires a comprehensive , robust , reliable , flexible and transparent form of governance , based on close cooperation and coordination between the union institutions , bodies and agencies , and the member states. an appropriate mechanism should ensure coordination of convergence and the consistency and effectiveness of policies and measures at union and member state level , while taking into account national starting points. therefore , it is necessary to laydown provisions on a monitoring and cooperation mechanism implementing the digital compass communication.


### (13) the digital economy and society index (‘desi’)41 should become a part of the report on the state of the digital decade and should be used to monitor the progress towards the digital targets. this monitoring should include an analysis of the indicators measuring progress at member states’ level , national policies and initiatives aimed at reaching the objectives of this decision and the targets as well as horizontal and thematic analyses tracking the digital transformation of european economies and a ranking of member states progress therein. in particular , desi’s dimensions and indicators should be aligned with digital targets set out in this decision. for each digital target , key performance indicators (‘kpis) should be set out in implementing acts to be adopted by the commission. the kpis should be updated when necessary for continued effective monitoring and to take account of technological developments. the data collection mechanism within member states should be reinforced to present a thorough state of play on the progress towards the digital targets , as well as information on the relevant policies , programmes , and initiatives at national level. based on the reviews and where needed , the commission should prepare , in consultation with the member states , a roadmap to set out future data collection needs. . in defining the desi , the commission should rely largely on official statistics collected in different union surveys on the information society42 . the commission should use specific studies to collect data for those relevant indicators that are not measured in the union surveys. ### (13) the digital economy and society index (‘desi’)41 and the women in digital ('wid') scoreboard should become a part of the report on the state of the digital decade and should be used to monitor progress towards the digital targets , including the ones to close the digital gender gap by 2030. this monitoring should include an analysis of the indicators measuring progress at member states’ level , national policies and initiatives aimed at reaching the objectives of this decision and the targets as well as horizontal and thematic analyses tracking the digital transformation of european economies and a ranking of member states progress therein. in particular , desi’s dimensions and indicators should be aligned with digital targets set out in this decision. for each digital target , key performance indicators (‘kpis) should be set out in implementing acts to be adopted by the commission. the kpis should be updated when necessary for continued effective monitoring and to take account of technological developments. the data collection mechanism within member states should be reinforced to present a thorough state of play on the progress towards the digital targets , as well as information on the relevant policies , programmes , and initiatives at national level. based on the reviews and where needed , the commission should prepare , in consultation with the member states , a roadmap to set out future data collection needs. in defining the desi , the commission should rely largely on official statistics collected in different union surveys on the information society42 . the commission should use specific studies to collect data for those relevant indicators that are not measured in the union surveys.


### (13) the digital economy and society index (‘desi’)41 should become a part of the report on the state of the digital decade and should be used to monitor the progress towards the digital targets. this monitoring should include an analysis of the indicators measuring progress at member states’ level , national policies and initiatives aimed at reaching the objectives of this decision and the targets as well as horizontal and thematic analyses tracking the digital transformation of european economies and a ranking of member states progress therein. in particular , desi’s dimensions and indicators should be aligned with digital targets set out in this decision. for each digital target , key performance indicators (‘kpis) should be set out in implementing acts to be adopted by the commission. the kpis should be updated when necessary for continued effective monitoring and to take account of technological developments. the data collection mechanism within member states should be reinforced to present a thorough state of play on the progress towards the digital targets , as well as information on the relevant policies , programmes , and initiatives at national level. based on the reviews and where needed , the commission should prepare , in consultation with the member states , a roadmap to set out future data collection needs. . in defining the desi , the commission should rely largely on official statistics collected in different union surveys on the information society42 . the commission should use specific studies to collect data for those relevant indicators that are not measured in the union surveys. ### (13) the digital economy and society index (‘desi’) and the women in digital ('wid') scoreboard should become a part of the report on the state of the digital decade and should be used to monitor the progress towards the digital targets including the ones to close the digital gender gap by 2030. this monitoring should include an analysis of the indicators measuring progress at member states’ level , national policies and initiatives aimed at reaching the objectives of this decision and the targets as well as horizontal and thematic analyses tracking the digital transformation of european economies and a ranking of member states progress therein. in particular , desi’s dimensions and indicators should be aligned with digital targets set out in this decision. for each digital target , key performance indicators (‘kpis) should be set out in implementing acts to be adopted by the commission. the kpis should be updated when necessary for continued effective monitoring and to take account of technological developments. the data collection mechanism within member states should be reinforced to present a thorough state of play on the progress towards the digital targets , as well as information on the relevant policies , programmes , and initiatives at national level and should include , where applicable , gender-disaggregated data. based on the reviews and where needed , the commission should prepare , in consultation with the member states , a roadmap to set out future data collection needs. in defining the desi , the commission should rely largely on official statistics collected in different union surveys on the information society. the commission should use specific studies to collect data for those relevant indicators that are not measured in the union surveys.


### (14) in order to keep the co-legislators informed about the progress of digital transformation in the union , the commission should submit to the european parliament and the council an annual report on the “state of the digital decade” , containing an overview and analysis of the digital transformation of the union and an evaluation of the progress made with regard to the objectives of the digital decade and the digital targets for the period towards 2030. the report on the “state of the digital decade” , and in particular the desi , should feed into the european semester , including aspects relating to the recovery and resilience facility. ### (14) in order to keep the co-legislators informed about the progress of digital transformation in the union , the commission should submit to the european parliament and the council an annual report on the “state of the digital decade” , containing an overview and analysis of the digital transformation of the union and an evaluation of the progress made with regard to the objectives of the digital decade and the digital targets for the period towards 2030 , as well as an assessment of the impact of digital transformation on the living and working conditions of eu citizens. the report on the “state of the digital decade” , and in particular the desi , should feed into the european semester , including aspects relating to the recovery and resilience facility.


### (15) in particular , the commission should report on the progress towards the digital targets , detailing the degree of union progress in relation to the projected trajectories for each target , the assessment of the efforts necessary to reach each target , including investment gaps in digital capacities and raising awareness about the actions needed to increase digital sovereignty. the report should also include an assessment of the implementation of relevant regulatory proposals as well as of the actions undertaken at union and member states level. ### (15) in particular , the commission should report on the progress towards the digital targets , detailing the degree of union progress in relation to the projected trajectories for each target , the assessment of the efforts necessary to reach each target , including gaps in both investment in digital capacities and protection of workers' rights , and raising awareness about the actions needed to increase digital sovereignty. the report should also include an assessment of the implementation of relevant regulatory proposals as well as of the actions undertaken at union and member states level.


### (15) in particular , the commission should report on the progress towards the digital targets , detailing the degree of union progress in relation to the projected trajectories for each target , the assessment of the efforts necessary to reach each target , including investment gaps in digital capacities and raising awareness about the actions needed to increase digital sovereignty. the report should also include an assessment of the implementation of relevant regulatory proposals as well as of the actions undertaken at union and member states level. ### (15) in particular , the commission should report on the progress towards the digital targets , detailing the degree of union progress in relation to the projected trajectories for each target , the assessment of the efforts necessary to reach each target , including investment gaps in digital capacities and innovation as well as raising awareness about the actions needed to increase digital sovereignty. the report should also include an assessment of the implementation of relevant regulatory proposals as well as of the actions undertaken at union and member states level.


### (16) on the basis of this analysis the report would include specific recommended policies , measures and actions. when recommending policies , measures or actions in the report , the commission should take into account the most recent data available , the joint commitments undertaken , the policies and measures defined by member states as well as progress regarding recommended actions identified in earlier reports and addressed in the course of the annual cooperation. in addition , the commission should take into account the differences in individual member states’ potential to contribute to the digital targets , as well as the policies , measures and actions already in place and considered appropriate to achieve the targets , even if their effects have not yet materialised. ### (16) on the basis of this analysis the report would include specific recommended policies , measures and actions. when recommending policies , measures or actions in the report , the commission should take into account the most recent data available , the joint commitments undertaken , the policies and measures defined by member states as well as progress regarding recommended actions identified in earlier reports and addressed in the course of the annual cooperation. in addition , the commission should take into account the differences in individual member states’ potential to contribute to the digital targets and rights , as well as the policies , measures and actions already in place and considered appropriate to achieve the targets , even if their effects have not yet materialised.


### (16) on the basis of this analysis the report would include specific recommended policies , measures and actions. when recommending policies , measures or actions in the report , the commission should take into account the most recent data available , the joint commitments undertaken , the policies and measures defined by member states as well as progress regarding recommended actions identified in earlier reports and addressed in the course of the annual cooperation. in addition , the commission should take into account the differences in individual member states’ potential to contribute to the digital targets , as well as the policies , measures and actions already in place and considered appropriate to achieve the targets , even if their effects have not yet materialised. ### (16) on the basis of this analysis the report would include specific recommended policies , measures and actions. when recommending policies , measures or actions in the report , the commission should take into account the most recent data available , the joint commitments undertaken , the policies and measures defined by member states as well as progress regarding recommended actions identified in earlier reports and addressed in the course of the annual cooperation. in addition , the commission should take into account the differences in individual member states’ potential to contribute to the digital targets , their starting points , as well as the policies , measures and actions already in place and considered appropriate to achieve the targets , even if their effects have not yet materialised.


### (20) in order to ensure that cooperation between the commission and the member states is efficient and effective , member states should submit to the commission national digital decade strategic roadmaps covering the period up to 2030 (‘national digital decade strategic roadmaps’) proposing , where possible and measurable at national level , national trajectories , describing all the instruments adopted , planned or implemented with a view to contributing to the achievement at union level of the objectives of this decision and the digital targets. these national digital decade strategic roadmaps should be a crucial tool for the coordination of the policies of the member states and for ensuring predictability for the market. member states should take into account relevant sectoral initiatives , both at union and national level , and ensure consistency with them. during the annual cycle of cooperation , member states could propose adjustments to their national digital decade strategic roadmaps to take into account the evolution of the digital transition at union and national level and to respond , in particular , to the commission recommended policies , measures and actions. ### (20) in order to ensure that cooperation between the commission and the member states is efficient and effective , member states should submit to the commission national digital decade strategic roadmaps covering the period up to 2030 (‘national digital decade strategic roadmaps’) proposing , where possible and measurable at national level , national trajectories , plus annual and verifiable objectives from 2025 onwards , which describe all the instruments adopted , planned or implemented with a view to contributing to the achievement at union level of the objectives of this decision and the digital targets , in order to avoid a failure to meet the 2030 objectives. these national digital decade strategic roadmaps should be a crucial tool for the coordination of the policies of the member states and for ensuring predictability for the market. member states should take into account relevant sectoral initiatives , both at union and national level , and ensure consistency with them. during the annual cycle of cooperation , member states could propose adjustments to their national digital decade strategic roadmaps to take into account the evolution of the digital transition at union and national level and to respond , in particular , to the commission recommended policies , measures and actions.


### (20) in order to ensure that cooperation between the commission and the member states is efficient and effective , member states should submit to the commission national digital decade strategic roadmaps covering the period up to 2030 (‘national digital decade strategic roadmaps’) proposing , where possible and measurable at national level , national trajectories , describing all the instruments adopted , planned or implemented with a view to contributing to the achievement at union level of the objectives of this decision and the digital targets. these national digital decade strategic roadmaps should be a crucial tool for the coordination of the policies of the member states and for ensuring predictability for the market. member states should take into account relevant sectoral initiatives , both at union and national level , and ensure consistency with them. during the annual cycle of cooperation , member states could propose adjustments to their national digital decade strategic roadmaps to take into account the evolution of the digital transition at union and national level and to respond , in particular , to the commission recommended policies , measures and actions. ### (20) in order to ensure that cooperation between the commission and the member states is efficient and effective , member states should submit to the commission national digital decade strategic roadmaps covering the period up to 2030 (‘national digital decade strategic roadmaps’) proposing , where possible and measurable at national level , national trajectories , describing all the instruments adopted , planned or implemented with a view to contributing to the achievement at union level of the objectives of this decision and the digital targets. these national digital decade strategic roadmaps should be a crucial tool for the coordination of the policies of the member states and for ensuring predictability for the market and should be included in the european semester format and national reports. member states should take into account relevant sectoral initiatives , both at union and national level , and ensure consistency with them. during the annual cycle of cooperation , member states could propose adjustments to their national digital decade strategic roadmaps to take into account the evolution of the digital transition at union and national level and to respond , in particular , to the commission recommended policies , measures and actions.


### (20) in order to ensure that cooperation between the commission and the member states is efficient and effective , member states should submit to the commission national digital decade strategic roadmaps covering the period up to 2030 (‘national digital decade strategic roadmaps’) proposing , where possible and measurable at national level , national trajectories , describing all the instruments adopted , planned or implemented with a view to contributing to the achievement at union level of the objectives of this decision and the digital targets. these national digital decade strategic roadmaps should be a crucial tool for the coordination of the policies of the member states and for ensuring predictability for the market. member states should take into account relevant sectoral initiatives , both at union and national level , and ensure consistency with them. during the annual cycle of cooperation , member states could propose adjustments to their national digital decade strategic roadmaps to take into account the evolution of the digital transition at union and national level and to respond , in particular , to the commission recommended policies , measures and actions. ### (20) in order to ensure that cooperation between the commission and the member states is efficient and effective , member states should submit to the commission national digital decade strategic roadmaps covering the period up to 2030 (‘national digital decade strategic roadmaps’) proposing , where possible and measurable at national level , national trajectories , describing all the instruments adopted , planned or implemented with a view to contributing to the achievement at union level of the objectives of this decision and the digital targets. these national digital decade strategic roadmaps should be be drafted after consulting key stakeholders such as business organisations , including smes representatives , trade unions , youth and senior citizen associations as well as local and regional authorities and should be a crucial tool for the coordination of the policies of the member states and for ensuring predictability for the market. member states should take into account relevant sectoral initiatives , both at union and national level , and ensure consistency with them. during the annual cycle of cooperation , member states could propose adjustments to their national digital decade strategic roadmaps to take into account the evolution of the digital transition at union and national level and to respond , in particular , to the commission recommended policies , measures and actions.


### (22) since spectrum is essential to achieve the digital targets , and in particular a secure , performant and sustainable digital infrastructure , member states should also report on their adopted and future policies and measures regarding the availability and possibility to use radio spectrum for existing users and prospective investors and operators. without prejudice to the possibility for the commission to propose new strategic spectrum policy orientations or mechanisms under article 4 (4) of directive (eu) 2018/1972 of the european parliament and of the council43 appropriate guidance could be provided by the commission in that regard in order to meet the general objectives and digital targets laid down in this decision. ### (22) since spectrum is essential to achieve the digital targets , and in particular a secure , performant and sustainable digital infrastructure enabling users to benefit from connectivity , member states should also report on their adopted and future policies and measures regarding the availability and possibility to use radio spectrum for existing users and prospective investors and operators without prejudice to the possibility for each member state to take the necessary measures to ensure the protection of its essential security interests. without prejudice to the possibility for the commission to propose new strategic spectrum policy orientations or mechanisms under article 4 (4) of directive (eu) 2018/1972 of the european parliament and of the council43 appropriate guidance could be provided by the commission in that regard in order to meet the general objectives and digital targets laid down in this decision.


### (29) in order to ensure transparency and public participation , the commission should engage with all interested stakeholders. to that end , the commission should closely cooperate with stakeholders including private and public actors , such as bodies governed by public laws of the educational or health sector , and consult them on measures to accelerate the digital transformation at union level. the involvement of stakeholders would be important at the level of member states as well , in particular when adopting their national digital decade strategic roadmaps and their adjustments. ### (29) in order to ensure transparency and public participation , the commission should engage with all interested stakeholders. to that end , the commission should closely cooperate with social partners and other stakeholders including private and public actors , such as bodies governed by public laws of the educational or health care sector and consult them on measures to accelerate the digital transformation at union level. the involvement of stakeholders would be important at the level of member states as well , in particular when adopting their national digital decade strategic roadmaps and their adjustments.