### as demonstrated by the october 2014 stress test , solidarity is needed to ensure security of supply across the union and to keep overall costs to a minimum . if an emergency is declared in any member state , a two - step approach should be applied to strengthen solidarity . firstly , all member states which have introduced a higher supply standard should reduce it to default values to make the gas market more liquid . secondly , if the first step fails to provide the necessary supply , further measures by neighbouring member states , even if not in an emergency situation , should be triggered to ensure the supply to households , essential social services and district heating installations in the member state experiencing the emergency . member states should identify and describe the details of these solidarity measures in their emergency plans , ensuring fair and equitable compensation of the natural gas undertakings . ### as demonstrated by the october 2014 stress test , solidarity is needed to ensure security of supply across the union and to keep overall costs to a minimum . if an emergency is declared in any member state , a two - step approach should be applied to strengthen solidarity . all member states which have introduced a higher supply standard should reduce it to default values to make the gas market more liquid . if the first step fails to provide the necessary supply , further measures by neighbouring member states , even if not in an emergency situation , should be taken to ensure the supply to households , essential social services and district heating installations in the member state experiencing the emergency . member states should identify and describe the details of these solidarity measures in their emergency plans , ensuring fair and equitable compensation for the natural gas undertakings .


### this regulation aims to ensure that all the necessary measures are taken to safeguard an uninterrupted supply of gas throughout the union , in particular to protected customers in the event of difficult climatic conditions or disruptions of the gas supply . these objectives should be achieved through the most cost - effective measures and in such a way that energy markets are not distorted . ### this regulation aims to ensure that all the necessary measures are taken to safeguard an uninterrupted supply of gas throughout the union , in particular to protected customers in the event of difficult climatic conditions or disruptions of gas supply . this should be achieved through cost - effective measures , in a way that energy markets are not distorted , in accordance with article 194 of the treaty on european union and with the goals of the energy union strategy relating to the security and diversification .


### responsibility for security of gas supply should be shared by natural gas undertakings , member states , acting through their competent authorities ; and the commission , within their respective remits . such shared responsibility requires very close cooperation between these parties . however , customers using gas for electricity generation or industrial purposes may also have an important role to play in security of gas supply , as they can respond to a crisis by taking demand - side measures such as interruptible contracts and fuel switching , which have an immediate impact on the supply / demand balance . ### responsibility for security of gas supply should be shared by natural gas undertakings , member states , acting through their competent authorities ; and the commission , within their respective remits . such shared responsibility requires very close cooperation between those parties as well as , where appropriate , with electricity undertakings in cases where they can provide an alternative source of energy or serve to decrease the gas demand . however , customers using gas for electricity generation or industrial purposes may also have an important role to play in security of gas supply , as they can respond to a crisis by taking demand - side measures such as interruptible contracts and fuel switching , which have an immediate impact on the supply - demand balance . these would be most effective if taken as an addition to longer - term energy efficiency measures to reduce gas demand for heating and cooling in buildings , as well as improved industrial processes that lead to reduced gas demand . security of gas supply to customers using gas for electricity generation or industrial purposes may also be considered to be essential in some cases . they could be granted a certain level of protection by ensuring that during an emergency they are among the last consumers to forego supply . member states should be able to provide for this possibility when identifying the supply restrictions orders to be applied in the case of an emergency .


### all information relevant for security of gas supply at national , regional and union levels ; ### all information relevant for security of gas supply at national , regional and union levels , including information and data on implemented and planned demand - side policies and measures ;


### the commission shall be assisted by a committee . that committee shall be a committee within the meaning of regulation no 182 / 2011 . the european defence agency shall be invited as observer . ### the commission shall be assisted by a committee . that committee shall be a committee within the meaning of regulation no 182 / 2011 . the european defence agency and the european union shall be invited as observers .


### as the objective of the programme is to support the competitiveness of the union defence industry by de - risking the development phase of cooperative projects , actions related to the development of a defence product or technology , namely definition of common technical specifications , design , prototyping , testing , qualification , certification as well feasibility studies and other supporting measures , should be eligible to benefit from it . this will also apply to the upgrade of existing defence products and technologies . ### as the objective of the programme is to support the integration of the union defence industry by bearing some of the risk of the development phase of cooperative projects , actions related to the development of a defence product or technology , namely definition of common technical specifications , design , prototyping , testing , qualification , certification , feasibility studies and other supporting measures as well as actions aimed at converting military production lines into civilian production lines , should be eligible to benefit from it . this will also apply to the upgrade of existing defence products and technologies .


### the financial assistance of the union under the programme should not exceed 20% of the total eligible cost of the action when it relates to prototyping which is often the most costly action in the development phase . the totality of the eligible costs should however be covered for other actions in the development phase . ### the financial assistance of the union under the programme should not exceed 20% of the total eligible cost of the action when it relates to prototyping which is often the most costly action in the development phase . up to 50% of the eligible costs should however be covered for other actions in the development phase .


### the amount for the implementation of the programme for the period 2019 - 2020 is set at eur 500 million in current prices . ### the amount for the implementation of the programme for the period 2019 - 2020 is set at eur 125 million in current prices , to be drawn exclusively from the unallocated margins under the 2014 - 2020 multiannual financial framework ceilings . additional spending from the eu budget shall be compensated by savings in national defence budgets .


### excellence ### technological and industrial excellence ;


### in order to contribute to the enhancement of the competitiveness and innovation capacity of the union ' s defence industry , a european defence industrial development programme should be established . the programme should aim at enhancing the competitiveness of the union ' s defence industry inter alia cyber defence by supporting the cooperation between undertakings in the development phase of defence products and technologies . the development phase , which follows the research and technology phase , entails significant risks and costs that hamper the further exploitation of the results of research and adversely impact the competitiveness of the union ' s defence industry . by supporting the development phase , the programme would contribute to a better exploitation of the results of defence research and it would help to cover the gap between research and production as well as to promote all forms of innovation . the programme should complement activities carried out in accordance with article 182 tfeu and it does not cover the production of defence products and technologies . ### in order to contribute to the enhancement of the competitiveness and innovation capacity of the union ' s defence industry , a european defence industrial development programme should be established . the programme should aim at enhancing the competitiveness of the union ' s defence industry especially cyber defence by supporting the cooperation between undertakings in the development phase of defence products and technologies . the development phase , which follows the research and technology phase , entails significant risks and costs that hamper the further exploitation of the results of research and adversely impact the competitiveness of the union ' s defence industry . the programme should lead to efficiency gains enabling the reduction of the overall defence spending in the union while at the same time ensuring the defence capabilities necessary to perform the essential core tasks of collective defence , crisis management and cooperative security . by supporting the development phase , the programme would contribute to a better exploitation of the results of defence research and it would help to cover the gap between research and production as well as to promote all forms of innovation . the programme should complement activities carried out in accordance with article 182 tfeu and it does not cover the production of defence products and technologies .


### in the european defence action plan , adopted on 30 november 2016 , the commission committed to complement , leverage and consolidate collaborative efforts by member states in developing defence capabilities to respond to security challenges , as well as to foster a competitive and innovative european defence industry . it proposed in particular to launch a european defence fund to support investment in joint research and the joint development of defence equipment and technologies . the fund would support cooperation during the whole cycle of defence product and technology development . ### in the european defence action plan , adopted on 30 november 2016 , the commission committed to complement , leverage and consolidate collaborative efforts by member states in developing and acquiring appropriate and sufficient defence capabilities , enabling it to respond to security challenges , to foster a competitive , transparent , effective and innovative european defence industry &#8211 ; ensuring a sustainable supply chain &#8211 ; and to contribute to the strategic autonomy and technological and industrial independence of the union . it proposed in particular to launch a european defence fund , enhancing synergies and budgetary efficiency , to support investment in joint research and the joint development of defence equipment and technologies . the fund would support cooperation during the whole cycle of defence product and technology development .


### the work programme shall ensure that a credible proportion of the overall budget will benefit actions enabling the cross - border participation of smes . ### the work programme shall ensure that at least 20% of the overall budget will benefit actions enabling cooperation between smes from several member states .


### to support and leverage the cooperation between undertakings , including small and medium - sized enterprises , in the development of technologies or products in line with defence capability priorities commonly agreed by member states within the union ; ### to support and leverage the cooperation between eu member states and between undertakings , including smes and mid - cap companies , in the development of technologies or products in line with defence capability priorities commonly agreed by member states by promoting compatibility , interoperability and standardisation , in particular through the definition of common technical specifications relating thereto ;


### the programme should be implemented in full compliance with regulation no 966 / 2012 of the european parliament and of the council6 . funding may take in particular the form of grants . financial instruments or public procurement may be used where appropriate . _________________ 6 regulation no 966 / 2012 of the european parliament and of the council of 25 october 2012 on the financial rules applicable to the general budget of the union and repealing council regulation no 1605 / 2002 . ### the programme should be implemented in full compliance with regulation no 966 / 2012 of the european parliament and of the council6 . funding may take in particular the form of grants . financial instruments or public procurement may be used where appropriate . in the event that the programme is continued , since the market is one that is capable of profitability , the commission should look into the possibility of developing alternative forms of funding to grants so that they may play a central role among the forms of funding for the programme . _________________ 6 regulation no 966 / 2012 of the european parliament and of the council of 25 october 2012 on the financial rules applicable to the general budget of the union and repealing council regulation no 1605 / 2002 .


### beneficiaries shall be undertakings established in the union , in which member states and / or nationals of member states own more than 50% of the undertaking and effectively control it within the meaning of article 6 , whether directly or indirectly through one or more intermediate undertakings . in addition , all infrastructure , facilities , assets and resources used by the participants , including subcontractors and other third parties , in actions funded under the programme shall not be located on the territory of non - member states during the entire duration of the action . ### beneficiaries and their subcontractors shall be undertakings established in the union , in which member states and / or nationals of member states own more than 50% of the undertaking and effectively control it within the meaning of article 6 , whether directly or indirectly through one or more intermediate undertakings . in addition , all infrastructure , facilities , assets and resources used by the participants , including subcontractors and other third parties , in actions funded under the programme shall be located on the territory of the union during the entire duration of the action . the use of such infrastructure , facilities , assets and resources shall not be subject to any control or restriction by a third country or a non - eu entity .


### to foster the competitiveness and innovation capacity of the union defence industry by supporting actions in their development phase ; ### to foster the technological and industrial autonomy of the union and the competitiveness and innovation capacity of its defence industry by supporting actions in their development phase ;


### contribution to the security and defence interests of the union by enhancing defence technologies which contribute to implement defence capability priorities commonly agreed by member states within the union ; and , ### contribution to the security and defence interests of the union by enhancing defence technologies which contribute to the implementation of the defence capability priorities commonly agreed by member states within the union , as part of the capacity development plan or coordinated annual defence review , and ;


### if a consortium of undertakings wishes to participate in an eligible action under the programme and financial assistance of the union is to take form of a grant , the consortium should appoint one of its members as a coordinator who will be the principle point of contact with the commission . ### if a consortium of undertakings wishes to participate in an eligible action under the programme and financial assistance of the union is to take form of a grant , a financial instrument or a public contract , the consortium should appoint one of its members as a coordinator who will be the principle point of contact with the commission .


### where the union ' s financial assistance is provided through a grant , the members of any consortium wishing to participate in an action shall appoint one of them to act as coordinator , which shall be identified in the grant agreement . the coordinator shall be the principal point of contact between the members of the consortium in relations with the commission or the relevant funding body , unless specified otherwise in the grant agreement or in the event of non - compliance with its obligations under the grant agreement . ### where the union ' s financial assistance is provided through a grant , the members of any consortium wishing to participate in an action shall appoint one of them to act as coordinator , which shall be identified in the grant agreement . the coordinator shall be the principal point of contact between the members of the consortium in relations with the commission or the relevant funding body , unless specified otherwise in the grant agreement or in the event of non - compliance with its obligations under the grant agreement . the union ' s financial assistance may also take the form of a financial instrument or a public contract .


### as the union support aims at enhancing the competitiveness of the sector and concerns only the specific development phase , the commission should not have ownership or intellectual property rights over the products or technologies resulting from the funded actions . the applicable intellectual property rights regime will be defined contractually by the beneficiaries . ### the commission shall have ownership or intellectual property rights over the products or technologies resulting from the funded actions . the applicable intellectual property rights regime will be defined contractually between the commission and the beneficiaries .


### if a consortium of undertakings wishes to participate in an eligible action under the programme and financial assistance of the union is to take form of a grant , the consortium should appoint one of its members as a coordinator who will be the principle point of contact with the commission . ### if a consortium of undertakings wishes to participate in an eligible action under the programme and financial assistance of the union is to take form of a grant , the consortium should appoint one of its members as a coordinator who will be the principle point of contact with the commission and who shall regularly report back to the eu institutions regarding the status of the actions funded under the programme .


### the proposals submitted following the call for proposals shall be evaluated by the commission assisted by independent experts on the basis of the award criteria of article 10 . ### the proposals submitted following the call for proposals shall be evaluated by the commission assisted by an independent and transparently selected expert committee comprising the european parliament , the commission and defence experts from academia , think tanks and other stakeholders , excluding representatives from defence companies to avoid bias on the basis of the award criteria of article 10 .


### biofuels , bioliquids and biomass fuels produced from agricultural biomass taken into account for the purposes referred to in points , and of paragraph 1 shall not be made from raw material obtained from land that was peatland in january 2008 . ### biofuels , bioliquids and biomass fuels produced from agricultural or forest biomass taken into account for the purposes referred to in points , and of paragraph 1 shall not be made from raw material obtained from land that was peatland or wetland in january 2008 .


### ‘ waste - based fossil fuels’ means liquid and gaseous fuels produced from waste streams of non - renewable origin , including waste processing gases and exhaust gases ; ### ‘ waste - based fuels’ means fuels produced from unavoidable gaseous waste streams of non - renewable origin , including waste processing gases and exhaust gases , with substantial greenhouse gas savings over their entire lifecycle ;


### the opening of support schemes to cross - border participation limits negative impacts on the internal energy market and can , under certain conditions , help member states achieve the union target more cost - efficiently . cross - border participation is also the natural corollary to the development of the union renewables policy , with a union - level binding target replacing national binding targets . it is therefore appropriate to require member states to progressively and partially open support to projects located in other member states , and define several ways in which such progressive opening may be implemented , ensuring compliance with the provisions of the treaty on the functioning of the european union , including articles 30 , 34 and 110 . ### the opening of support schemes to cross - border participation limits negative impacts on the internal energy market and can , under certain conditions , help member states achieve the union target more cost - efficiently . cross - border participation is also the natural corollary to the development of the union renewables policy , with a union - level binding target accompanying national binding targets . it is therefore appropriate to require member states to progressively and partially open support to projects located in other member states , and define several ways in which such progressive opening may be implemented , ensuring compliance with the provisions of the treaty on the functioning of the european union , including articles 30 , 34 and 110 .


### in order to support member states ' ambitious contributions to the union target , a financial framework aiming to facilitate investments in renewable energy projects in those member states should be established , also through the use of financial instruments . ### in order to support member states in reaching their targets , a financial framework aiming to facilitate investments in renewable energy projects in those member states should be established , also through the use of financial instruments .


### in order to facilitate the penetration of renewable energy in the heating and cooling sector , each member state shall endeavour to increase the share of renewable energy supplied for heating and cooling by at least 1 percentage point every year , expressed in terms of national share of final energy consumption and calculated according to the methodology set out in article 7 . ### in order to facilitate the penetration of renewable energy in the heating and cooling sector , each member state shall endeavour to increase the share of renewable energy supplied for heating and cooling , in particular by supporting innovative technologies such as heat pumps , geothermal and solar thermal technologies , by at least 1 percentage point every year , expressed in terms of national share of final energy consumption and calculated according to the methodology set out in article 7 .


### support schemes for electricity generated from renewable sources have proved to be an effective way of fostering deployment of renewable electricity . if and when member states decide to implement support schemes , such support should be provided in a form that is as non - distortive as possible for the functioning of electricity markets . to this end , an increasing number of member states allocate support in a form where support is granted in addition to market revenues . ### support schemes for electricity generated from renewable sources have proved to be an effective way of fostering deployment of renewable electricity . if and when member states decide to implement support schemes , such support should be provided in a form that is as non - distortive as possible for the functioning of electricity markets . to this end , an increasing number of member states allocate support in a form where support is granted in addition to market revenues . in the case of biomass sources where competition with material manufacturers may exist , support schemes should be as non - distortive as possible to the functioning of the biomass supply market .


### biomass fuels should be converted into electricity and heat in an efficient way in order to maximise energy security and greenhouse gas savings , as well as to limit emissions of air pollutants and minimise the pressure on limited biomass resources . for this reason , public support to installations with a fuel capacity equal to or exceeding 20 mw , if needed , should only be given to highly efficient combined power and heat installations as defined article 2 of directive 2012 / 27 / eu . existing support schemes for biomass - based electricity should however be allowed until their due end date for all biomass installations . in addition electricity produced from biomass in new installations with a fuel capacity equal to or exceeding 20 mw should only count towards renewable energy targets and obligations in the case of highly efficient combined power and heat installations . in accordance with state aid rules , member states should however be allowed to grant public support for the production of renewables to installations , and count the electricity they produce towards renewable energy targets and obligations , in order to avoid an increased reliance on fossil fuels with higher climate and environmental impacts where , after exhausting all technical and economic possibilities to install highly efficient combined heat and power biomass installations , member states would face a substantiated risk to security of supply of electricity . ### biomass fuels should be converted into electricity and heat in an efficient way in order to maximise energy security and greenhouse gas savings , as well as to limit emissions of air pollutants and minimise the pressure on limited biomass resources . for this reason , public support to installations with a fuel capacity equal to or exceeding 5 mw , if needed , should only be given to highly efficient combined power and heat installations as defined article 2 of directive 2012 / 27 / eu . existing support schemes for biomass - based electricity should however be allowed until their due end date for all biomass installations . in addition electricity produced from biomass in new installations with a fuel capacity equal to or exceeding 5 mw should only count towards renewable energy targets and obligations in the case of highly efficient combined power and heat installations . in accordance with state aid rules , member states should however be allowed to grant public support for the production of renewables to installations , and count the electricity they produce towards renewable energy targets and obligations , in order to avoid an increased reliance on fossil fuels with higher climate and environmental impacts where , after exhausting all technical and economic possibilities to install highly efficient combined heat and power biomass installations , member states would face a substantiated risk to security of supply of electricity .


### however , biofuels , bioliquids and biomass fuels produced from waste and residues , other than agricultural , aquaculture , fisheries and forestry residues , need only fulfil the greenhouse gas emissions saving criteria set out in paragraph 7 in order to be taken into account for the purposes referred to in points , and of this paragraph . this provision shall also apply to waste and residues that are first processed into a product before being further processed into biofuels , bioliquids and biomass fuels . ### however , biofuels , bioliquids and biomass fuels produced from forest biomass from thinnings and biodiversity enhancing management activities , waste and residues , other than agricultural , aquaculture , fisheries and forestry residues , need only fulfil the greenhouse gas emissions saving criteria set out in paragraph 7 in order to be taken into account for the purposes referred to in points , and of this paragraph . this provision shall also apply to waste and residues that are first processed into a product before being further processed into biofuels , bioliquids and biomass fuels .


### the production of agricultural raw material for biofuels , bioliquids and biomass fuels , and the incentives for their use provided for in this directive , should not have the effect of encouraging the destruction of biodiverse lands such finite resources , recognised in various international instruments to be of value to all mankind , should be preserved . it is therefore necessary to provide sustainability and greenhouse gas emissions savings criteria ensuring that biofuels , bioliquids and biomass fuels qualify for the incentives only when it is guaranteed that the agricultural raw material does not originate in biodiverse areas or , in the case of areas designated for nature protection purposes or for the protection of rare , threatened or endangered ecosystems or species , the relevant competent authority demonstrates that the production of the agricultural raw material does not interfere with such purposes . forests should be considered as biodiverse according to the sustainibility criteria , where they are primary forests in accordance with the definition used by the food and agriculture organisation of the united nations in its global forest resource assessment , or where they are protected by national nature protection law . areas where the collection of non - wood forest products occurs should be considered to be biodiverse forests , provided the human impact is small . other types of forests as defined by the fao , such as modified natural forests , semi - natural forests and plantations , should not be considered as primary forests . having regard , furthermore , to the highly biodiverse nature of certain grasslands , both temperate and tropical , including highly biodiverse savannahs , steppes , scrublands and prairies , biofuels , bioliquids and biomass fuels made from agricultural raw materials originating in such lands should not qualify for the incentives provided for by this directive . the commission should establish appropriate criteria to define such highly biodiverse grasslands in accordance with the best available scientific evidence and relevant international standards . ### the production of agricultural raw material for biofuels , bioliquids and biomass fuels , and the incentives for their use provided for in this directive , should not have the effect of encouraging the destruction of biodiverse lands such finite resources , recognised in various international instruments to be of value to all mankind , should be preserved . it is therefore necessary to provide sustainability and greenhouse gas emissions savings criteria ensuring that biofuels , bioliquids and biomass fuels qualify for the incentives only when it is guaranteed that the agricultural or forest raw material does not originate in biodiverse areas or , in the case of areas designated for nature protection purposes or for the protection of rare , threatened or endangered ecosystems or species , the relevant competent authority demonstrates that the production of the agricultural or forest raw material does not interfere with such purposes . forests should be considered as biodiverse according to the sustainibility criteria , where they are primary forests in accordance with the definition used by the food and agriculture organisation of the united nations in its global forest resource assessment , or where they are protected by national nature protection law . areas where the collection of non - wood forest products occurs should be considered to be biodiverse forests , provided the human impact is small . other types of forests as defined by the fao , such as modified natural forests , semi - natural forests and plantations , should not be considered as primary forests . having regard , furthermore , to the highly biodiverse nature of certain grasslands , both temperate and tropical , including highly biodiverse savannahs , steppes , scrublands and prairies , biofuels , bioliquids and biomass fuels made from agricultural raw materials originating in such lands should not qualify for the incentives provided for by this directive . the commission should establish appropriate criteria to define such highly biodiverse grasslands in accordance with the best available scientific evidence and relevant international standards .


### in order to facilitate the penetration of renewable energy in the heating and cooling sector , each member state shall endeavour to increase the share of renewable energy supplied for heating and cooling by at least 1 percentage point every year , expressed in terms of national share of final energy consumption and calculated according to the methodology set out in article 7 . ### in order to facilitate the penetration of renewable energy or waste heat or cold in the heating and cooling sector , each member state shall endeavour to increase the share of renewable energy or waste heat or cold supplied for heating and cooling , in particular by supporting innovative technologies such as heat pumps , geothermal and solar thermal technologies , by at least 1 percentage point every year until 2025 , expressed in terms of national share of final energy consumption and calculated according to the methodology set out in article 7 . from 2026 onwards , member state shall increase the share of renewable energy or waste heat or cold supplied for heating and cooling by at least 2 percentage points every year until 2030 .


### the commission is empowered to adopt delegated acts in accordance with article 32 to amend the list of feedstocks in parts a and b of annex ix in order to add feedstocks , but not to remove them . each delegated act shall be based on an analysis of the latest scientific and technical progress , taking due account of the principles of the waste hierarchy established in directive 2008 / 98 / ec , in compliance with the union sustainability criteria , supporting the conclusion that the feedstock in question does not create an additional demand for land and promoting the use of wastes and residues , while avoiding significant distortive effects on markets for products , wastes or residues , delivering substantial greenhouse gas emission savings compared to fossil fuels , and not creating risk of negative impacts on the environment and biodiversity . ### the commission is empowered to adopt delegated acts in accordance with article 32 to amend the list of feedstocks in parts a and b of annex ix in order to add or remove feedstocks . each delegated act shall be based on an analysis of the latest scientific and technical progress , taking due account of the principles of the waste hierarchy established in directive 2008 / 98 / ec and the principle of cascading use , in compliance with the union sustainability criteria , supporting or contradicting the conclusion that the feedstock in question does not create an additional demand for land and promoting the use of wastes and residues , while avoiding distortive effects on markets for products , wastes or residues , delivering substantial greenhouse gas emission savings compared to fossil fuels based on a life cycle assessment of emissions including emissions from the land sector and possible displacement effects , and not creating risk of negative impacts on the environment and biodiversity .


### the commission may establish the operational evidence for demonstrating compliance with the requirements set out in paragraphs 5 and 6 , by means of implementing acts adopted in accordance with the examination procedure referred to in article 31 . ### by 1 january 2021 , the commission shall establish the operational evidence for demonstrating compliance with the requirements set out in paragraphs 5 and 6 , by means of implementing acts adopted in accordance with the examination procedure referred to in article 31 .


### the commission is empowered to adopt delegated acts in accordance with article 32 to further specify the methodology referred to in paragraph 3 of this article to determine the share of biofuel resulting from biomass being processed with fossil fuels in a common process , to specify the methodology for assessing greenhouse gas emission savings from renewable liquid and gaseous transport fuels of non - biological origin and waste - based fossil fuels and to determine minimum greenhouse gas emission savings required for these fuels for the purpose of paragraph 1 of this article . ### the commission is empowered to adopt delegated acts in accordance with article 32 to further specify the methodology referred to in paragraph 3 of this article to determine the share of biofuel resulting from biomass being processed with fossil fuels in a common process , to specify the methodology for assessing greenhouse gas emission savings from renewable liquid and gaseous transport fuels of non - biological origin and to determine minimum greenhouse gas emission savings required for these fuels for the purpose of paragraph 1 of this article .


### for the calculation of a member state’s gross final consumption of energy from renewable energy sources , the contribution from biofuels and bioliquids , as well as from biomass fuels consumed in transport , if produced from food or feed crops , shall be no more than 7% of final consumption of energy in road and rail transport in that member state . this limit shall be reduced to 3 , 8% in 2030 following the trajectory set out in part a of annex x . member states may set a lower limit and may distinguish between different types of biofuels , bioliquids and biomass fuels produced from food and feed crops , for instance by setting a lower limit for the contribution from food or feed crop based biofuels produced from oil crops , taking into account indirect land use change . ### for the calculation of a member state’s gross final consumption of energy from renewable energy sources , the contribution from biofuels and bioliquids , as well as from biomass fuels consumed in transport , if produced from food or feed crops , shall be no more than 7% of final consumption of energy in road and rail transport in that member state . this limit shall be reduced to 3 , 8% in 2030 following the trajectory set out in part a of annex x . member states shall set a lower limit and shall distinguish between different types of biofuels , bioliquids and biomass fuels produced from food and feed crops , by setting a lower limit for the contribution from food or feed crop based biofuels produced from oil crops , taking into account indirect land use change .


### for the calculation of a member state’s gross final consumption of energy from renewable energy sources , the contribution from biofuels and bioliquids , as well as from biomass fuels consumed in transport , if produced from food or feed crops , shall be no more than 7% of final consumption of energy in road and rail transport in that member state . this limit shall be reduced to 3 , 8% in 2030 following the trajectory set out in part a of annex x . member states may set a lower limit and may distinguish between different types of biofuels , bioliquids and biomass fuels produced from food and feed crops , for instance by setting a lower limit for the contribution from food or feed crop based biofuels produced from oil crops , taking into account indirect land use change . ### for the calculation of a member state’s gross final consumption of energy from renewable energy sources , the contribution from biofuels and bioliquids , as well as from biomass fuels if produced from food or feed crops , shall be 0% in 2030 following the trajectory set out in part a of annex x . the contribution from food and feed crop - based biofuels and bioliquids produced from oil crops shall be reduced to 0% no later than 2021 ;


### for the calculation of a member state’s gross final consumption of energy from renewable energy sources , the contribution from biofuels and bioliquids , as well as from biomass fuels consumed in transport , if produced from food or feed crops , shall be no more than 7% of final consumption of energy in road and rail transport in that member state . this limit shall be reduced to 3 , 8% in 2030 following the trajectory set out in part a of annex x . member states may set a lower limit and may distinguish between different types of biofuels , bioliquids and biomass fuels produced from food and feed crops , for instance by setting a lower limit for the contribution from food or feed crop based biofuels produced from oil crops , taking into account indirect land use change . ### for the calculation of a member state’s gross final consumption of energy from renewable energy sources , the contribution from biofuels and bioliquids , as well as from biomass fuels consumed in transport , if produced from food or feed crops , shall be no more than 7% of final consumption of energy in road and rail transport in that member state . member states may set a lower limit for the contribution from biofuels produced from oil crops , taking into account indirect land use change .


### electricity from biomass fuels produced in installations with a fuel capacity equal to or exceeding 20 mw shall be taken into account for the purposes referred to in points , and of paragraph 1 only if it is produced applying high efficient cogeneration technology as defined under article 2 of directive 2012 / 27 / eu . for the purposes of points and of paragraph 1 , this provision shall only apply to installations starting operation after [ 3 years from date of adoption of this directive ] . for the purposes of point of paragraph 1 , this provision is without prejudice to public support provided under schemes approved by [ 3 years after date of adoption of this directive ] . ### electricity from biomass fuels produced in installations with a fuel capacity equal to or exceeding 1 mw shall be taken into account for the purposes referred to in points , and of paragraph 1 only if it is produced with a minimum energy conversion efficiency of 85% in installations using exclusively biomass fuels . for the purposes of points and of paragraph 1 , this provision shall only apply to installations starting operation and using exclusively biomass fuels after 1 january 2021 . for the purposes of point of paragraph 1 , this provision is without prejudice to public support provided under schemes approved by the date of adoption of this directive .


### subject to state aid rules , in order to reach the union target set in article 3 , member states may apply support schemes . support schemes for electricity from renewable sources shall be designed so as to avoid unnecessary distortions of electricity markets and ensure that producers take into account the supply and demand of electricity as well as possible grid constraints . ### in order to reach the union and national targets set in article 3 or to achieve higher targets , member states may apply support schemes . support schemes for electricity from renewable sources shall be designed so as to avoid unnecessary distortions of electricity markets and ensure that producers take into account the supply and demand of electricity as well as possible grid constraints .


### advanced biofuels and other biofuels and biogas produced from feedstock listed in annex ix , renewable liquid and gaseous transport fuels of non - biological origin , and renewable electricity in transport can contribute to low carbon emissions , stimulating the decarbonisation of the union transport sector in a cost - effective manner , and improving inter alia energy diversification in the transport sector while promoting innovation , growth and jobs in the union economy and reducing reliance on energy imports . the incorporation obligation on fuels suppliers should encourage continuous development of advanced fuels , including biofuels , and it is important to ensure that the incorporation obligation also incentivises improvements in the greenhouse gas performance of the fuels supplied to meet it . the commission should assess the greenhouse gas performance , technical innovation and sustainability of those fuels . ### advanced biofuels and other biofuels and biogas produced from feedstock listed in annex ix , renewable liquid and gaseous transport fuels of non - biological origin , and renewable electricity in transport can contribute to low carbon emissions , stimulating the decarbonisation of the union transport sector in a cost - effective manner , and improving inter alia energy diversification in the transport sector while promoting innovation , growth and jobs in the union economy and reducing reliance on energy imports . the cascading use principle should be taken into account in order to make sure that the use of feedstock for advanced biofuel production does not compete with other uses in which the feedstock would have to be replaced with more emission intensive raw materials . the incorporation obligation on fuels suppliers should encourage continuous development of advanced fuels , including biofuels , and it is important to ensure that the incorporation obligation also incentivises improvements in the greenhouse gas performance of the fuels supplied to meet it . the commission should assess the greenhouse gas performance , technical innovation and sustainability of those fuels .


### biomass fuels shall have to fulfil the sustainability and greenhouse gas emissions saving criteria set out in paragraphs 2 to 7 only if used in installations producing electricity , heating and cooling or fuels with a fuel capacity equal to or exceeding 20 mw in case of solid biomass fuels and with an electrical capacity equal to or exceeding 0 . 5 mw in case of gaseous biomass fuels . member states may apply the sustainability and greenhouse gas emission saving criteria to installations with lower fuel capacity . ### biomass fuels shall have to fulfil the sustainability and greenhouse gas emissions saving criteria set out in paragraphs 2 to 7 only if used in installations producing electricity , heating and cooling or fuels with a fuel capacity equal to or exceeding 1 mw in case of solid biomass fuels and with an electrical capacity equal to or exceeding 0 . 5 mw in case of gaseous biomass fuels .


### biomass fuels should be converted into electricity and heat in an efficient way in order to maximise energy security and greenhouse gas savings , as well as to limit emissions of air pollutants and minimise the pressure on limited biomass resources . for this reason , public support to installations with a fuel capacity equal to or exceeding 20 mw , if needed , should only be given to highly efficient combined power and heat installations as defined article 2 of directive 2012 / 27 / eu . existing support schemes for biomass - based electricity should however be allowed until their due end date for all biomass installations . in addition electricity produced from biomass in new installations with a fuel capacity equal to or exceeding 20 mw should only count towards renewable energy targets and obligations in the case of highly efficient combined power and heat installations . in accordance with state aid rules , member states should however be allowed to grant public support for the production of renewables to installations , and count the electricity they produce towards renewable energy targets and obligations , in order to avoid an increased reliance on fossil fuels with higher climate and environmental impacts where , after exhausting all technical and economic possibilities to install highly efficient combined heat and power biomass installations , member states would face a substantiated risk to security of supply of electricity . ### biomass fuels should be converted into electricity and heat in an efficient way in order to maximise energy security and greenhouse gas savings , as well as to limit emissions of air pollutants and minimise the pressure on limited biomass resources . for this reason , public support to installations with a fuel capacity equal to or exceeding 5 mw , if needed , should only be given to highly efficient combined power and heat installations as defined article 2 of directive 2012 / 27 / eu . existing support schemes for biomass - based electricity should however be allowed until their due end date for all biomass installations . in addition electricity produced from biomass in new installations with a fuel capacity equal to or exceeding 5 mw should only count towards renewable energy targets and obligations in the case of highly efficient combined power and heat installations . in accordance with state aid rules , member states should however be allowed to grant public support for the production of renewables to installations in order to avoid an increased reliance on fossil fuels with higher climate and environmental impacts where , after exhausting all technical and economic possibilities to install highly efficient combined heat and power biomass installations , member states would face a substantiated risk to security of supply of electricity .


### ‘ waste - based fossil fuels’ means liquid and gaseous fuels produced from waste streams of non - renewable origin , including waste processing gases and exhaust gases ; ### ‘ waste - based fuels’ means fuels produced from unavoidable gaseous waste streams of non - renewable origin , including waste processing gases and exhaust gases , with substantial greenhouse gas savings over their entire lifecycle ;


### every 2 years , the commission shall carry out an evaluation of the list of feedstocks in parts a and b of annex ix in order to add feedstocks , in line with the principles set out in this paragraph . the first evaluation shall be carried out no later than 6 months after [ date of entry into force of this directive ] . if appropriate , the commission shall adopt delegated acts to amend the list of feedstocks in parts a and b of annex ix in order to add feedstocks , but not to remove them . ### every 2 years , the commission shall carry out an evaluation of the list of feedstocks in parts a and b of annex ix in order to add or remove feedstocks , in line with the principles set out in this paragraph . the first evaluation shall be carried out no later than 6 months after [ date of entry into force of this directive ] . if appropriate , the commission shall adopt delegated acts to amend the list of feedstocks in parts a and b of annex ix in order to add feedstocks or to remove them .


### when evidence referred to in the first subparagraph is not available , the biofuels , bioliquids and biomass fuels produced from forest biomass shall be taken into account for the purposes referred to in points , and of paragraph 1 if management systems are in place at forest holding level to ensure that carbon stocks and sinks levels in the forest are maintained . ### in addition to evidence referred to in the first subparagraph , in order not to compromise the goal to maintain and enhance the sinks in the lulucf sector , the biofuels , bioliquids and biomass fuels produced from forest biomass shall be taken into account for the purposes referred to in points , and of paragraph 1 if management systems are in place at forest holding level to ensure carbon stocks and sinks levels in the forest . member states shall apply at national and , where appropriate , at regional level , management systems for ensuring carbon stocks in harvested wood products .


### for the calculation of a member state’s gross final consumption of energy from renewable energy sources , the contribution from biofuels and bioliquids , as well as from biomass fuels consumed in transport , if produced from food or feed crops , shall be no more than 7% of final consumption of energy in road and rail transport in that member state . this limit shall be reduced to 3 , 8% in 2030 following the trajectory set out in part a of annex x . member states may set a lower limit and may distinguish between different types of biofuels , bioliquids and biomass fuels produced from food and feed crops , for instance by setting a lower limit for the contribution from food or feed crop based biofuels produced from oil crops , taking into account indirect land use change . ### for the calculation of a member state’s gross final consumption of energy from renewable energy sources , the contribution from biofuels and bioliquids , as well as from biomass fuels consumed in transport , if produced from food or feed crops , excluding low indirect land - use change - risk biofuels as defined in article 2 and pure or high - blend biofuels used in dedicated vehicles , shall be no more than 7% of final consumption of energy in road and rail transport in that member state . this limit shall be reduced to 3 , 8% in 2030 following the trajectory set out in part a of annex x . member states may set a lower limit and may distinguish between different types of biofuels , bioliquids and biomass fuels produced from food and feed crops .


### the production of agricultural raw material for biofuels , bioliquids and biomass fuels , and the incentives for their use provided for in this directive , should not have the effect of encouraging the destruction of biodiverse lands such finite resources , recognised in various international instruments to be of value to all mankind , should be preserved . it is therefore necessary to provide sustainability and greenhouse gas emissions savings criteria ensuring that biofuels , bioliquids and biomass fuels qualify for the incentives only when it is guaranteed that the agricultural raw material does not originate in biodiverse areas or , in the case of areas designated for nature protection purposes or for the protection of rare , threatened or endangered ecosystems or species , the relevant competent authority demonstrates that the production of the agricultural raw material does not interfere with such purposes . forests should be considered as biodiverse according to the sustainibility criteria , where they are primary forests in accordance with the definition used by the food and agriculture organisation of the united nations in its global forest resource assessment , or where they are protected by national nature protection law . areas where the collection of non - wood forest products occurs should be considered to be biodiverse forests , provided the human impact is small . other types of forests as defined by the fao , such as modified natural forests , semi - natural forests and plantations , should not be considered as primary forests . having regard , furthermore , to the highly biodiverse nature of certain grasslands , both temperate and tropical , including highly biodiverse savannahs , steppes , scrublands and prairies , biofuels , bioliquids and biomass fuels made from agricultural raw materials originating in such lands should not qualify for the incentives provided for by this directive . the commission should establish appropriate criteria to define such highly biodiverse grasslands in accordance with the best available scientific evidence and relevant international standards . ### the production of agricultural and forest raw material for biofuels , bioliquids and biomass fuels , and the incentives for their use provided for in this directive , should not have the effect of encouraging the destruction of biodiverse lands such finite resources , recognised in various international instruments to be of value to all mankind , should be preserved . it is therefore necessary to provide sustainability and greenhouse gas emissions savings criteria ensuring that biofuels , bioliquids and biomass fuels qualify for the incentives only when it is guaranteed that the agricultural or forest raw material does not originate in biodiverse areas or , in the case of areas designated for nature protection purposes or for the protection of rare , threatened or endangered ecosystems or species , the relevant competent authority demonstrates that the production of the agricultural and forest raw material does not interfere with such purposes . forests should be considered as biodiverse according to the sustainability criteria , where they are primary forests in accordance with the definition used by the food and agriculture organisation of the united nations in its global forest resource assessment , or where they are protected by national nature protection law . areas where the collection of non - wood forest products occurs should be considered to be biodiverse forests , provided the human impact is small . other types of forests as defined by the fao , such as modified natural forests , semi - natural forests and plantations , should not be considered as primary forests . having regard , furthermore , to the highly biodiverse nature of certain grasslands , both temperate and tropical , including highly biodiverse savannahs , steppes , scrublands and prairies , biofuels , bioliquids and biomass fuels made from agricultural raw materials originating in such lands should not qualify for the incentives provided for by this directive . the commission should establish appropriate criteria to define such highly biodiverse grasslands in accordance with the best available scientific evidence and relevant international standards .


### every 2 years , the commission shall carry out an evaluation of the list of feedstocks in parts a and b of annex ix in order to add feedstocks , in line with the principles set out in this paragraph . the first evaluation shall be carried out no later than 6 months after [ date of entry into force of this directive ] . if appropriate , the commission shall adopt delegated acts to amend the list of feedstocks in parts a and b of annex ix in order to add feedstocks , but not to remove them . ### every 2 years , the commission shall carry out an evaluation of the list of feedstocks in parts a and b of annex ix in order to add or remove feedstocks , in line with the principles set out in the first subparagraph of this paragraph . the first evaluation shall be carried out no later than 6 months after [ date of entry into force of this directive ] . until 1 january 2025 , the commission shall not remove feedstocks from annex ix and shall only reduce indirect emission values in annex viii .


### the total amount of renewable energy supplied for heating and cooling ; ### the total amount of renewable energy and waste heat and cold supplied for heating and cooling ;


### it should be possible for imported electricity , produced from renewable energy sources outside the union to count towards member states’ renewable energy shares in order to guarantee an adequate effect of energy from renewable sources replacing conventional energy in the union as well as in third countries it is appropriate to ensure that such imports can be tracked and accounted for in a reliable way . agreements with third countries concerning the organisation of such trade in electricity from renewable energy sources will be considered . if , by virtue of a decision taken under the energy community treaty18 to that effect , the contracting parties to that treaty are bound by the relevant provisions of this directive , the measures of cooperation between member states provided for in this directive should be applicable to them . __________________ 18 oj l 198 , 20 . 7 . 2006 , p . 18 . ### it should be possible for imported electricity , produced from renewable energy sources outside the union to count towards member states’ targets . in order to guarantee an adequate effect of energy from renewable sources replacing conventional energy in the union as well as in third countries it is appropriate to ensure that such imports can be tracked and accounted for in a reliable way . agreements with third countries concerning the organisation of such trade in electricity from renewable energy sources will be considered . if , by virtue of a decision taken under the energy community treaty18 to that effect , the contracting parties to that treaty are bound by the relevant provisions of this directive , the measures of cooperation between member states provided for in this directive should be applicable to them . __________________ 18 oj l 198 , 20 . 7 . 2006 , p . 18 .


### however , biofuels , bioliquids and biomass fuels produced from waste and residues , other than agricultural , aquaculture , fisheries and forestry residues , need only fulfil the greenhouse gas emissions saving criteria set out in paragraph 7 in order to be taken into account for the purposes referred to in points , and of this paragraph . this provision shall also apply to waste and residues that are first processed into a product before being further processed into biofuels , bioliquids and biomass fuels . ### however , biofuels , bioliquids and biomass fuels produced from waste and residues , other than agricultural , aquaculture , fisheries and forestry residues , need to comply with the waste hierarchy , as laid down in directive 2008 / 98 / ec , and fulfil the greenhouse gas emissions saving criteria set out in paragraph 7 in order to be taken into account for the purposes referred to in points , and of this paragraph . this provision shall also apply to waste and residues that are first processed into a product before being further processed into biofuels , bioliquids and biomass fuels .


### to create opportunities for reducing the cost of meeting the union target laid down in this directive and to give flexibility to member states to comply with their obligation not to go below their 2020 national targets after 2020 , it is appropriate both to facilitate the consumption in member states of energy produced from renewable sources in other member states , and to enable member states to count energy from renewable sources consumed in other member states towards their own renewable energy share . for this reason , cooperation mechanisms are required to complement the obligations to open up support to projects located in other member states . those mechanisms include statistical transfers , joint projects between member states or joint support schemes . ### to create opportunities for reducing the cost of meeting the targets laid down in this directive and to give flexibility to member states to comply with their obligation not to go below their 2020 national targets after 2020 , it is appropriate both to facilitate the consumption in member states of energy produced from renewable sources in other member states , and to enable member states to count energy from renewable sources consumed in other member states towards their own renewable energy share . for this reason , cooperation mechanisms are required to complement the obligations to open up support to projects located in other member states . those mechanisms include statistical transfers , joint projects between member states or joint support schemes .


### when electricity is used for the production of renewable liquid and gaseous transport fuels of non - biological origin , either directly or for the production of intermediate products , either the average share of electricity from renewable energy sources in the union or the share of electricity from renewable energy sources in the country of production , as measured two years before the year in question , may be used to determine the share of renewable energy . in both cases , an equivalent amount of guarantees of origin issued in accordance with article 19 shall be cancelled . ### when electricity is used for the production of renewable liquid and gaseous transport fuels of non - biological origin , either directly or for the production of intermediate products , the share of electricity from renewable energy sources in the country of production , as measured two years before the year in question , shall be used to determine the share of renewable energy . an equivalent amount of guarantees of origin issued in accordance with article 19 shall be cancelled .


### eligibility for financial support for the consumption of biofuels , bioliquids and biomass fuels . ### eligibility for financial support , fiscal incentives or other policy measures for the consumption of biofuels , bioliquids and biomass fuels .


### other ligno - cellulosic material as defined in point of the second paragraph of article 2 except saw logs and veneer logs . ### ligno - cellulosic biomass from short rotation coppice established on marginal agricultural land , and waste and residues from agroforestry systems on utilised agricultural area .


### in order to ensure that compliance with the sustainability and greenhouse gas emissions saving criteria is verified in an efficient and harmonised manner and in particular to prevent fraud , the commission may specify detailed implementing rules , including adequate standards of reliability , transparency and independent auditing and require all voluntary schemes to apply those standards . when specifying these standards , the commission shall pay special attention to the need to minimize administrative burden . this shall be done by means of implementing acts adopted in accordance with the examination procedure referred to in article 31 . such acts shall set a time frame by which voluntary schemes need to implement the standards . the commission may repeal decisions recognising voluntary schemes in the event that those schemes fail to implement such standards in the time frame provided for . ### in order to ensure that compliance with the sustainability and greenhouse gas emissions saving criteria is verified in an efficient and harmonised manner and in particular to prevent fraud , the commission may specify detailed implementing rules , including adequate standards of reliability , transparency and independent auditing and require all voluntary schemes to apply those standards . when specifying these standards , the commission shall pay special attention to the need to minimize administrative burden , thus allowing first or second party auditing up to the first gathering point of the biomass . this shall be done by means of implementing acts adopted in accordance with the examination procedure referred to in article 31 . such acts shall set a time frame by which voluntary schemes need to implement the standards . the commission may repeal decisions recognising voluntary schemes in the event that those schemes fail to implement such standards in the time frame provided for .


### the establishment of a union binding renewable energy target for 2030 would continue to encourage the development of technologies which generate renewable energy and provide certainty for investors . a target defined at the union level would leave greater flexibility for member states to meet their greenhouse gas reduction targets in the most cost - effective manner in accordance with their specific circumstances , energy mixes and capacities to produce renewable energy . ### the establishment of union and national binding renewable energy targets for 2030 would continue to encourage the development of technologies which generate renewable energy and provide certainty for investors .


### when electricity is used for the production of renewable liquid and gaseous transport fuels of non - biological origin , either directly or for the production of intermediate products , either the average share of electricity from renewable energy sources in the union or the share of electricity from renewable energy sources in the country of production , as measured two years before the year in question , may be used to determine the share of renewable energy . in both cases , an equivalent amount of guarantees of origin issued in accordance with article 19 shall be cancelled . ### when electricity is used directly for the production of renewable liquid and gaseous transport fuels of non - biological origin , the share of electricity from renewable energy sources in the country of production , as measured two years before the year in question , shall be used to determine the share of renewable energy . an equivalent amount of guarantees of origin issued in accordance with article 19 shall be cancelled .


### the european strategy for a low - carbon mobility of july 2016 pointed out that food - based biofuels have a limited role in decarbonising the transport sector and should be gradually phased out and replaced by advanced biofuels . to prepare for the transition towards advanced biofuels and minimise the overall indirect land - use change impacts , it is appropriate to reduce the amount of biofuels and bioliquids produced from food and feed crops that can be counted towards the union target set out in this directive . ### the european strategy for a low - carbon mobility of july 2016 pointed out that food - based biofuels have a limited role in decarbonising the transport sector and should be gradually phased out and replaced by advanced biofuels . to prepare for the transition towards advanced biofuels and minimise the overall indirect land - use change impacts , it is appropriate to reduce the amount of biofuels and bioliquids produced from food and feed crops that can be counted towards the union target set out in this directive . to speed up the deployment of low - emissions alternative energy for transport , electric mobility has to be promoted and all obstacles to the electrification of transport removed .


### the minimum share shall be at least equal to 1 . 5% in 2021 , increasing up to at least 6 . 8% in 2030 , following the trajectory set out in part b of annex x . within this total share , the contribution of advanced biofuels and biogas produced from feedstock listed in part a of annex ix shall be at least 0 . 5% of the transport fuels supplied for consumption or use on the market as of 1 january 2021 , increasing up to at least 3 . 6% by 2030 , following the trajectory set out in part c of annex x . ### the minimum share shall be at least equal to 1 . 5% in 2021 , increasing up to at least 9% in 2030 , following the trajectory set out in part b of annex x , while this minimum share must equal a reduction of greenhouse gas emission intensity of at least 7% compared to 2020 . within this total share , the contribution of advanced biofuels and biogas produced from feedstock listed in part a of annex ix shall be at least 0 . 5% of the transport fuels supplied for consumption or use on the market as of 1 january 2021 , increasing up to at least 3 . 6% by 2030 , following the trajectory set out in part c of annex x . the minimum share of renewable energy supplied for aviation and shipping shall follow the trajectory set out in part b of annex x .


### the commission is empowered to adopt delegated acts in accordance with article 32 to amend the list of feedstocks in parts a and b of annex ix in order to add feedstocks , but not to remove them . each delegated act shall be based on an analysis of the latest scientific and technical progress , taking due account of the principles of the waste hierarchy established in directive 2008 / 98 / ec , in compliance with the union sustainability criteria , supporting the conclusion that the feedstock in question does not create an additional demand for land and promoting the use of wastes and residues , while avoiding significant distortive effects on markets for products , wastes or residues , delivering substantial greenhouse gas emission savings compared to fossil fuels , and not creating risk of negative impacts on the environment and biodiversity . ### the commission is empowered to adopt delegated acts in accordance with article 32 to amend the list of feedstocks in parts a and b of annex ix in order to add or remove feedstocks . each delegated act shall be based on an analysis of the latest scientific and technical progress , taking due account of the principles of the waste hierarchy established in directive 2008 / 98 / ec and the principle of cascading use , in compliance with the union sustainability criteria , supporting or contradicting the conclusion that the feedstock in question does not create an additional demand for land and promoting the use of wastes and residues , while avoiding distortive effects on markets for products , wastes or residues , delivering substantial greenhouse gas emission savings compared to fossil fuels based on a life cycle assessment of emissions including emissions from the land sector and possible displacement effects , and not creating risk of negative impacts on the environment and biodiversity .


### highly biodiverse grassland spanning more than one hectare that is : ### highly biodiverse grassland that is :


### advanced biofuels and other biofuels and biogas produced from feedstock listed in annex ix , renewable liquid and gaseous transport fuels of non - biological origin , and renewable electricity in transport can contribute to low carbon emissions , stimulating the decarbonisation of the union transport sector in a cost - effective manner , and improving inter alia energy diversification in the transport sector while promoting innovation , growth and jobs in the union economy and reducing reliance on energy imports . the incorporation obligation on fuels suppliers should encourage continuous development of advanced fuels , including biofuels , and it is important to ensure that the incorporation obligation also incentivises improvements in the greenhouse gas performance of the fuels supplied to meet it . the commission should assess the greenhouse gas performance , technical innovation and sustainability of those fuels . ### advanced biofuels and other biofuels and biogas produced from feedstock listed in annex ix , renewable liquid and gaseous transport fuels of non - biological origin , and renewable electricity in transport can contribute to low carbon emissions , stimulating the decarbonisation of the union transport sector in a cost - effective manner , and improving inter alia energy diversification in the transport sector while promoting innovation , growth and jobs in the union economy and reducing reliance on energy imports . the incorporation obligation of 12% on fuels suppliers should encourage continuous development of advanced fuels , including biofuels , and it is important to ensure that the incorporation obligation also incentivises improvements in the greenhouse gas performance of the fuels supplied to meet it . the commission should assess the greenhouse gas performance , technical innovation and sustainability of those fuels and the commission should put in place incentives to move towards the electrification of transport and propose concrete measures on demand and supply side .


### ‘ biomass’ means the biodegradable fraction of products , waste and residues from biological origin from agriculture , including vegetal and animal substances , forestry and related industries including fisheries and aquaculture , as well as the biodegradable fraction of waste , including industrial and municipal waste of biological origin ; ### ‘ biomass’ means the biodegradable fraction of products , waste and residues from biological origin from agriculture , including vegetal and animal substances , forestry and related industries including fisheries and aquaculture , as well as the biodegradable fraction of waste , including industrial , commercial and municipal waste of biological origin ;


### ‘ biomass’ means the biodegradable fraction of products , waste and residues from biological origin from agriculture , including vegetal and animal substances , forestry and related industries including fisheries and aquaculture , as well as the biodegradable fraction of waste , including industrial and municipal waste of biological origin ; ### ‘ biomass’ means material of biological origin excluding peat and material embedded in geological formations and / or transformed to fossil ;


### this directive establishes a common framework for the promotion of energy from renewable sources . it sets a binding union target for the overall share of energy from renewable sources in gross final consumption of energy in 2030 . it also lays down rules on financial support to electricity produced from renewable sources , self - consumption of renewable electricity , and renewable energy use in the heating and cooling and transport sectors , regional cooperation between member states and with third countries , guarantees of origin , administrative procedures and information and training . it establishes sustainability and greenhouse gas emissions saving criteria for biofuels , bioliquids and biomass fuels . ### this directive establishes a common framework for the promotion of energy from renewable sources . it sets binding minimum targets for the overall share of energy from renewable sources in gross final consumption of energy in 2030 . the union target is to be collectively achieved by member states through binding national targets . it also lays down rules on financial support to electricity produced from renewable sources and access to the electricity grid for energy from renewable sources , self - consumption of renewable electricity , renewable energy communities and their cross - border cooperation , renewable energy use in the heating and cooling and transport sectors , regional cooperation between member states and with third countries , guarantees of origin , administrative procedures and information and training . it establishes sustainability and greenhouse gas emissions saving criteria for biofuels , bioliquids and biomass fuels .


### biomass fuels shall have to fulfil the sustainability and greenhouse gas emissions saving criteria set out in paragraphs 2 to 7 only if used in installations producing electricity , heating and cooling or fuels with a fuel capacity equal to or exceeding 20 mw in case of solid biomass fuels and with an electrical capacity equal to or exceeding 0 . 5 mw in case of gaseous biomass fuels . member states may apply the sustainability and greenhouse gas emission saving criteria to installations with lower fuel capacity . ### biofuels , bioliquids and biomass fuels produced from food and feed crops shall not be eligible for financial , or any other form of support measures .


### in order to ensure that annex ix takes into account the principles of the waste hierarchy established in directive 2008 / 98 / ec of the european parliament and of the council17 , the union sustainability criteria , and the need to ensure that the annex does not create additional demand for land while promoting the use of wastes and residues , the commission , when regularly evaluating the annex , should consider the inclusion of additional feedstocks that do not cause significant distortive effects on markets for products , wastes or residues . __________________ 17 directive 2008 / 98 / ec of the european parliament and of the council of 19 november 2008 on waste and repealing certain directives . ### in order to ensure that annex ix takes into account the principles of the waste hierarchy established in directive 2008 / 98 / ec , the union sustainability criteria , and the need to ensure that the annex does not create additional demand for land while promoting the use of wastes and residues , feedstocks with significant existing industrial uses are not proposed in the annex . the commission , when regularly evaluating the annex , should consider the inclusion of additional feedstocks that do not cause significant distortive effects on markets for products , wastes or residues . the commission can therefore consider removal of feedstocks from the annex ix . __________________ 17 directive 2008 / 98 / ec of the european parliament and of the council of 19 november 2008 on waste and repealing certain directives .


### the share of renewable energy in the total amount of energy supplied for heating and cooling ; and ### the share of renewable energy and waste heat and cold in the total amount of energy supplied for heating and cooling ; and


### subject to their assessment included in the integrated national energy and climate plans in accordance with annex i of regulation [ governance ] , on the necessity to build new infrastructure for district heating and cooling produced from renewable energy sources in order to achieve the union target referred to in article 3 of this directive , member states shall , where relevant , take steps with a view to developing a district heating infrastructure to accommodate the development of heating and cooling production from large biomass , solar and geothermal facilities . ### subject to their assessment included in the integrated national energy and climate plans in accordance with annex i of regulation [ governance ] , on the necessity to build new infrastructure for district heating and cooling produced from renewable energy sources in order to achieve the union target referred to in article 3 of this directive , member states shall , where relevant , take steps with a view to developing a district heating infrastructure to accommodate the development of heating and cooling production from large sustainable biomass , ambient heat in large heat pumps , solar and geothermal facilities as well as surplus heat from industry and other sources .


### the commission may establish the operational evidence for demonstrating compliance with the requirements set out in paragraphs 5 and 6 , by means of implementing acts adopted in accordance with the examination procedure referred to in article 31 . ### by 1 january 2020 , the commission shall establish the operational evidence for demonstrating compliance with the requirements set out in paragraphs 5 and 6 , by means of implementing acts adopted in accordance with the examination procedure referred to in article 31 .


### to ensure that , despite the growing demand for forest biomass , harvesting is carried out in a sustainable manner in forests where regeneration is ensured , that special attention is given to areas explicitly designated for the protection of biodiversity , landscapes and specific natural elements , that biodiversity resources are preserved and that carbon stocks are tracked , woody raw material should come only from forests that are harvested in accordance with the principles of sustainable forest management developed under international forest processes such as forest europe and are implemented through national laws or the best management practices at the forest holding level . operators should take the appropriate steps in order to minimise the risk of using unsustainable forest biomass for the production of bioenergy . to that end , operators should put in place a risk - based approach . in this context , it is apporpriate for the commission to develop operational guidance on the verification of compliance with the risk based approach , following the consultation of the energy union governance committee , and the standing forestry committee established by council decision 89 / 367 / eec24 . __________________ 24 council decision 89 / 367 / eec of 29 may 1989 setting up a standing forestry committee . ### to ensure that , harvesting is carried out in a sustainable manner in forests where regeneration is ensured , that special attention is given to areas explicitly designated for the protection of biodiversity , landscapes and specific natural elements , that biodiversity resources are preserved and that carbon stocks are tracked , woody raw material should come only from forests that are harvested in accordance with the principles of sustainable forest management developed under international forest processes such as forest europe and are implemented through national laws or the best management practices at the forest holding level . operators should avoid to use unsustainable forest biomass for the production of bioenergy . to that end , operators should follow a risk - based approach to be developed by the european commission alongside operational guidance on the verification of compliance with the risk based approach , following the consultation of the energy union governance committee , and the standing forestry committee established by council decision 89 / 367 / eec24 . __________________ 24 council decision 89 / 367 / eec of 29 may 1989 setting up a standing forestry committee .


### electricity from biomass fuels produced in installations with a fuel capacity equal to or exceeding 20 mw shall be taken into account for the purposes referred to in points , and of paragraph 1 only if it is produced applying high efficient cogeneration technology as defined under article 2 of directive 2012 / 27 / eu . for the purposes of points and of paragraph 1 , this provision shall only apply to installations starting operation after [ 3 years from date of adoption of this directive ] . for the purposes of point of paragraph 1 , this provision is without prejudice to public support provided under schemes approved by [ 3 years after date of adoption of this directive ] . ### electricity from biomass fuels produced in installations with a fuel capacity equal to or exceeding 1 mw shall be taken into account for the purposes referred to in points , and of paragraph 1 only if it is produced applying high efficient cogeneration technology as defined under article 2 of directive 2012 / 27 / eu achieving a conversion efficiency of at least 85 % and if it is produced without the use of fossil fuels . for the purposes of points and of paragraph 1 , this provision shall only apply to installations starting operation after 1 january 2021 . for the purposes of point of paragraph 1 , this provision is without prejudice to public support provided under schemes approved by [ date of adoption of this directive ] .


### the production of agricultural raw material for biofuels , bioliquids and biomass fuels , and the incentives for their use provided for in this directive , should not have the effect of encouraging the destruction of biodiverse lands such finite resources , recognised in various international instruments to be of value to all mankind , should be preserved . it is therefore necessary to provide sustainability and greenhouse gas emissions savings criteria ensuring that biofuels , bioliquids and biomass fuels qualify for the incentives only when it is guaranteed that the agricultural raw material does not originate in biodiverse areas or , in the case of areas designated for nature protection purposes or for the protection of rare , threatened or endangered ecosystems or species , the relevant competent authority demonstrates that the production of the agricultural raw material does not interfere with such purposes . forests should be considered as biodiverse according to the sustainibility criteria , where they are primary forests in accordance with the definition used by the food and agriculture organisation of the united nations in its global forest resource assessment , or where they are protected by national nature protection law . areas where the collection of non - wood forest products occurs should be considered to be biodiverse forests , provided the human impact is small . other types of forests as defined by the fao , such as modified natural forests , semi - natural forests and plantations , should not be considered as primary forests . having regard , furthermore , to the highly biodiverse nature of certain grasslands , both temperate and tropical , including highly biodiverse savannahs , steppes , scrublands and prairies , biofuels , bioliquids and biomass fuels made from agricultural raw materials originating in such lands should not qualify for the incentives provided for by this directive . the commission should establish appropriate criteria to define such highly biodiverse grasslands in accordance with the best available scientific evidence and relevant international standards . ### the production of agricultural and forest raw material for biofuels , bioliquids and biomass fuels , and the incentives for their use provided for in this directive , should not have the effect of encouraging the destruction of biodiverse lands such finite resources , recognised in various international instruments to be of value to all mankind , should be preserved . it is therefore necessary to provide sustainability and greenhouse gas emissions savings criteria ensuring that biofuels , bioliquids and biomass fuels qualify for the incentives only when it is guaranteed that the agricultural and forest raw material does not originate in biodiverse areas or , in the case of areas designated for nature protection purposes or for the protection of rare , threatened or endangered ecosystems or species , the relevant competent authority demonstrates that the production of the agricultural raw material does not interfere with such purposes . forests should be considered as biodiverse according to the sustainability criteria , where they are primary forests in accordance with the definition used by the food and agriculture organisation of the united nations in its global forest resource assessment , or where they are protected by national nature protection law or hold international or national certification of high conservation value , including sites of outstanding universal value to humanity . areas where the collection of non - wood forest products occurs should be considered to be biodiverse forests , provided the human impact is small . other types of forests as defined by the fao , such as modified natural forests , semi - natural forests and plantations , should not be considered as primary forests . having regard , furthermore , to the highly biodiverse nature of certain grasslands , both temperate and tropical , including highly biodiverse savannahs , steppes , scrublands and prairies , biofuels , bioliquids and biomass fuels made from agricultural and forest raw materials originating in such lands should not qualify for the incentives provided for by this directive . the commission should establish appropriate criteria to define such highly biodiverse grasslands in accordance with the best available scientific evidence and relevant international standards .


### member states shall put in place a database enabling tracing of transport fuels that are eligible for counting towards the numerator set out in paragraph 1 , and require the relevant economic operators to enter information on the transactions made and the sustainability characteristics of the eligible fuels , including their life cycle greenhouse gas emissions , starting from their point of production to the fuel supplier that places the fuel on the market . ### member states shall put in place a database enabling tracing of transport fuels that are eligible for counting towards the numerator set out in paragraph 1 , and require the relevant economic operators to enter information on the transactions made and the sustainability characteristics of the eligible fuels , including their entire life cycle greenhouse gas emissions , starting from the source of the feedstocks to the end - of - life phase of the fuel .


### it is thus appropriate to establish a union binding target of at least 27% share of renewable energy . member states should define their contribution to the achievement of this target as part of their integrated national energy and climate plans through the governance process set out in regulation [ governance ] . ### it is thus appropriate to establish a union binding target of at least 40% share of renewable energy , to be accompanied by national binding targets .


### non - natural , namely grassland that would cease to be grassland in the absence of human intervention and which is species - rich and not degraded and has been identified as being highly biodiverse by the relevant competent authority , unless evidence is provided that the harvesting of the raw material is necessary to preserve its status as highly biodiverse grassland . ### non - natural , namely grassland that would cease to be grassland in the absence of human intervention and which is species - rich and not degraded or has been identified as being highly biodiverse by the relevant competent authority , unless evidence is provided that the harvesting of the raw material is necessary to preserve its status as highly biodiverse grassland .


### several member states have implemented measures in the heating and cooling sector to reach their 2020 renewable energy target . however , in the absence of binding national targets post - 2020 , the remaining national incentives may not be sufficient to reach the long - term decarbonisation goals for 2030 and 2050 . in order to be in line with such goals , reinforce investor certainty and foster the development of a union - wide renewable heating and cooling market , while respecting the energy efficiency first principle , it is appropriate to encourage the effort of member states in the supply of renewable heating and cooling to contribute to the progressive increase of the share of renewable energy . given the fragmented nature of some heating and cooling markets , it is of utmost importance to ensure flexibility in designing such an effort . it is also important to ensure that a potential uptake of renewable heating and cooling does not have detrimental environmental side - effects . ### several member states have implemented measures in the heating and cooling sector to reach their 2020 renewable energy target . however , in the absence of binding national targets post - 2020 , the remaining national incentives may not be sufficient to reach the long - term decarbonisation goals for 2030 and 2050 . in order to be in line with such goals , reinforce investor certainty and foster the development of a union - wide renewable heating and cooling market , while respecting the energy efficiency first principle , it is appropriate to encourage the effort of member states in the supply of renewable heating and cooling to contribute to the progressive increase of the share of renewable energy . given the fragmented nature of some heating and cooling markets , it is of utmost importance to ensure flexibility in designing such an effort . it is also important to ensure that a potential uptake of renewable heating and cooling does not have detrimental environmental side - effects . to that end , the sustainability criteria for biomass have to ensure a high level of sustainable sourcing of biomass , including the consideration of the cascading use principle for biomass feedstock and have to guarantee a high efficiency of plants using biomass for heating .


### the share of renewable energy in liquid and gaseous transport fuels shall be determined on the basis of the share of renewable energy in the total energy input used for the production of the fuel . ### the share of renewable energy in liquid and gaseous transport fuels shall be determined on the basis of the share of renewable energy in the total energy input used for the production of the transport fuel . an equivalent amount of guarantees origin issued in accordance with article 19 shall be cancelled .


### the establishment of a union binding renewable energy target for 2030 would continue to encourage the development of technologies which generate renewable energy and provide certainty for investors . a target defined at the union level would leave greater flexibility for member states to meet their greenhouse gas reduction targets in the most cost - effective manner in accordance with their specific circumstances , energy mixes and capacities to produce renewable energy . ### the establishment of union and national binding renewable energy targets for 2030 would continue to encourage the development of technologies which generate renewable energy and provide certainty for investors .


### other ligno - cellulosic material as defined in point of the second paragraph of article 2 except saw logs and veneer logs . ### ligno - cellulosic biomass from short rotation coppice established on marginal agricultural land , and waste and residues from agroforestry systems on utilised agricultural area .


### in carrying out its tasks , the platform will make use of all relevant sources of information , including studies and multilateral cooperation projects and take into account relevant union instruments and structures , as well the experience of relevant bilateral agreements . it will establish appropriate cooperation with eurofound and eu - osha . ### in carrying out its tasks , the platform shall make use of all relevant sources of information , including studies and multilateral cooperation projects and take into account relevant union instruments and structures , as well the experience of relevant bilateral agreements . it shall establish appropriate cooperation with eurofound , particularly with regard to the development of an interactive knowledge bank as an additional task of the agency , and eu - osha .


### in carrying out its tasks , the platform will make use of all relevant sources of information , including studies and multilateral cooperation projects and take into account relevant union instruments and structures , as well the experience of relevant bilateral agreements . it will establish appropriate cooperation with eurofound and eu - osha . ### in carrying out its tasks , the platform will make use of all relevant sources of information , including studies and multilateral cooperation projects and take into account relevant union instruments and structures , as well the experience of relevant bilateral agreements . it will establish appropriate cooperation with eurofound , eu - osha and eige .


### the services referred to in paragraph 1 shall be provided as a priority on the territory of member states geographically located in europe . ### the services referred to in paragraph 1 shall be provided as a priority on the territory of member states geographically located in europe , including the azores , madeira and the canary islands .


### resources for the transfer of beneficiaries of international protection ### the title is replaced by the following : ' resources for the transfer of applicants for international protection or of beneficiaries of international protection ' ;