### (4) there is a growing recognition of the need for alignment of bioenergy policies with the cascading principle of biomass use11 , with a view to ensuring fair access to the biomass raw material market for the development of innovative , high value-added bio-based solutions and a sustainable circular bioeconomy. when developing support schemes for bioenergy , member states should therefore take into consideration the available sustainable supply of biomass for energy and non-energy uses and the maintenance of the national forest carbon sinks and ecosystems as well as the principles of the circular economy and the biomass cascading use , and the waste hierarchy established in directive 2008/98/ecof the european parliament and of the council12 . for this , they should grant no support to the production of energy from saw logs , veener logs , stumps and roots and avoid promoting the use of quality roundwood for energy except in well-defined circumstances. in line with the cascading principle , woody biomass should be used according to its highest economic and environmental added value in the following order of priorities: 1) wood-based products , 2) extending their service life , 3) re-use , 4) recycling , 5) bio-energy and 6) disposal. where no other use for woody biomass is economically viable or environmentally appropriate , energy recovery helps to reduce energy generation from non-renewable sources. member states’ support schemes for bioenergy should therefore be directed to such feedstocks for which little market competition exists with the material sectors , and whose sourcing is considered positive for both climate and biodiversity , in order to avoid negative incentives for unsustainable bioenergy pathways , as identified in the jrc report ‘the use of woody biomass for energy production in the eu’13 . on the other hand , in defining the further implications of the cascading principle , it is necessary to recognise the national specificities which guide member states in the design of their support schemeswaste prevention , reuse and recycling of waste should be the priority option. member states should avoid creating support schemes which would be counter to targets on treatment of waste and which would lead to the inefficient use of recyclable waste. moreover , in order to ensure a more efficient use of bioenergy , from 2026 on member states should not give support anymore to electricity-only plants , unless the installations are in regions with a specific use status as regards their transition away from fossil fuels or if the installations use carbon capture and storage. ### (4) there is a growing recognition of the need for alignment of bioenergy policies with the cascading principle of biomass use11 , with a view to ensuring fair access to the biomass raw material market for the development of innovative , high value-added bio-based solutions and a sustainable circular bioeconomy. when developing support schemes for bioenergy , member states should therefore take into consideration the available sustainable supply of biomass for energy and non-energy uses and the maintenance of the national forest carbon sinks and ecosystems as well as ensuring protection of biodiversity and the enhancement of the principles of the circular economy and the biomass cascading use , and the waste hierarchy established in directive 2008/98/ecof the european parliament and of the council12 . for this , they should grant no support to the production of energy from saw logs , veener logs , stumps and roots and avoid promoting the use of quality roundwood for energy except in well-defined circumstances , for example , to ensure wildfire prevention. in line with the cascading principle , woody biomass should be used according to its highest economic and environmental added value in the following order of priorities: 1) wood-based products , 2) extending their service life , 3) re-use , 4) recycling , 5) bio-energy and 6) disposal. where no other use for woody biomass is economically viable or environmentally appropriate , energy recovery helps to reduce energy generation from non-renewable sources. member states’ support schemes for bioenergy should therefore be directed to such feedstocks for which little market competition exists with the material sectors , and whose sourcing is considered positive for both climate and biodiversity , in order to avoid negative incentives for unsustainable bioenergy pathways , as identified in the jrc report ‘the use of woody biomass for energy production in the eu’13 . on the other hand , in defining the further implications of the cascading principle , it is necessary to recognise the national specificities which guide member states in the design of their support schemeswaste prevention , reuse and recycling of waste should be the priority option. member states should avoid creating support schemes which would be counter to targets on treatment of waste and which would lead to the inefficient use of recyclable waste. moreover , in order to ensure a more efficient use of bioenergy , from 2026 on member states should not give support anymore to electricity-only plants , unless the installations are in regions with a specific use status as regards their transition away from fossil fuels or if the installations use carbon capture and storage.


### (5) the rapid growth and increasing cost-competitiveness of renewable electricity production can be used to satisfy a growing share of energy demand , for instance using heat pumps for space heating or low-temperature industrial processes , electric vehicles for transport , or electric furnaces in certain industries. renewable electricity can also be used to produce synthetic fuels for consumption in hard-to-decarbonise transport sectors such as aviation and maritime transport. a framework for electrification needs to enable robust and efficient coordination and expand market mechanisms to match both supply and demand in space and time , stimulate investments in flexibility , and help integrate large shares of variable renewable generation. member states should therefore ensure that the deployment of renewable electricity continues to increase at an adequate pace to meet growing demand. for this , member states should establish a framework that includes market-compatible mechanisms to tackle remaining barriers to have secure and adequate electricity systems fit for a high level of renewable energy , as well as storage facilities , fully integrated into the electricity system. in particular , this framework shall tackle remaining barriers , including non-financial ones such as insufficient digital and human resources of authorities to process a growing number of permitting applications. ### (5) the rapid growth and increasing cost-competitiveness of renewable electricity production can be used to satisfy a growing share of energy demand , for instance using heat pumps for space heating or low-temperature industrial processes , electric vehicles for transport , or electric furnaces in certain industries. renewable electricity can also be used to produce synthetic fuels for consumption in hard-to-decarbonise transport sectors such as aviation and maritime transport. a framework for electrification needs to enable robust and efficient coordination and expand market mechanisms to match both supply and demand in space and time , stimulate investments in flexibility , energy storage and demand response , and help integrate large shares of variable renewable generation. member states should therefore , while taking into account the energy first principle , ensure that the deployment of renewable electricity continues to increase at an adequate pace to meet growing demand. for this , member states should establish a framework that includes market-compatible mechanisms to tackle remaining barriers to have secure and adequate electricity systems fit for a high level of renewable energy , as well as storage facilities , fully integrated into the electricity system. in particular , this framework shall tackle remaining barriers , including non-financial ones such as insufficient digital and human resources of authorities to process a growing number of permitting applications. the commission should help member states to bring down administrative barriers , in particular with a view to simplify and accelerate permitting procedures for renewable energy projects.


### (7) member states’ cooperation to promote renewable energy can take the form of statistical transfers , support schemes or joint projects. it allows for a cost-efficient deployment of renewable energy across europe and contributes to market integration. despite its potential , cooperation has been very limited , thus leading to suboptimal results in terms of efficiency in increasing renewable energy. member states should therefore be obliged to test cooperation through implementing a pilot project. projects financed by national contributions under the union renewable energy financing mechanism established by commission implementing regulation (eu) 2020/129414 would meet this obligation for the member states involved. ### (7) member states’ cooperation to promote renewable energy , which may involve local and regional authorities , can take the form of statistical transfers , support schemes or joint projects. it allows for a cost-efficient deployment of renewable energy across europe and contributes to market integration. despite its potential , cooperation , especially in cross border regions , has been very limited , thus leading to suboptimal results in terms of cost effectiveness and efficiency in increasing renewable energy. smart grid projects in border regions , including cross border electricity exchanges at medium-voltage level , can provide high added value to the cross-border approach as they allow for greater resource optimisation , flexibility and resilience of electricity energy systems , ensuring wider societal benefits to the local communities involved; member states should therefore be obliged to test cooperation through implementing a pilot project. projects financed by national contributions under the union renewable energy financing mechanism established by commission implementing regulation (eu) 2020/129414 would meet this obligation for the member states involved.


### (8) the offshore renewable energy strategy introduces an ambitious objective of 300 gw of offshore wind and 40 gw of ocean energy across all the union’s sea basins by 2050. to ensure this step change , member states will need to work together across borders at sea-basin level. member states should therefore jointly define the amount of offshore renewable generation to be deployed within each sea basin by 2050 , with intermediate steps in 2030 and 2040. these objectives should be reflected in the updated national energy and climate plans that will be submitted in 2023 and 2024 pursuant to regulation (eu) 2018/1999. in defining the amount , member states should take into account the offshore renewable energy potential of each sea basin , environmental protection , climate adaptation and other uses of the sea , as well as the union’s decarbonisation targets. in addition , member states should increasingly consider the possibility of combining offshore renewable energy generation with transmission lines interconnecting several member states , in the form of hybrid projects or , at a later stage , a more meshed grid. this would allow electricity to flow in different directions , thus maximising socio-economic welfare , optimising infrastructure expenditure and enabling a more sustainable usage of the sea. ### (8) the offshore renewable energy strategy introduces an ambitious objective of 300 gw of offshore wind and 40 gw of ocean energy across all the union’s sea basins by 2050. to ensure this step change , member states , or their competent regional or local authorities , will need to work together across borders at sea-basin level. member states should therefore jointly define and allocate adequate space in their maritime spatial plan for the amount of offshore renewable generation and related infrastructure to be deployed within each sea basin by 2050 , with intermediate steps in 2030 and 2040. these objectives should be reflected in the updated national energy and climate plans that will be submitted in 2023 and 2024 pursuant to regulation (eu) 2018/1999. in defining the amount , member states should take into account the offshore renewable energy potential of each sea basin , environmental and biodiversity protection , climate adaptation and other uses of the sea , as well as the union’s decarbonisation targets. in addition , member states should increasingly consider the possibility of combining offshore renewable energy generation with transmission lines interconnecting several member states , in the form of hybrid projects or , at a later stage , a more meshed grid. this would allow electricity to flow in different directions , thus maximising socio-economic welfare , optimising infrastructure expenditure and enabling a more sustainable usage of the sea.


### (8) the offshore renewable energy strategy introduces an ambitious objective of 300 gw of offshore wind and 40 gw of ocean energy across all the union’s sea basins by 2050. to ensure this step change , member states will need to work together across borders at sea-basin level. member states should therefore jointly define the amount of offshore renewable generation to be deployed within each sea basin by 2050 , with intermediate steps in 2030 and 2040. these objectives should be reflected in the updated national energy and climate plans that will be submitted in 2023 and 2024 pursuant to regulation (eu) 2018/1999. in defining the amount , member states should take into account the offshore renewable energy potential of each sea basin , environmental protection , climate adaptation and other uses of the sea , as well as the union’s decarbonisation targets. in addition , member states should increasingly consider the possibility of combining offshore renewable energy generation with transmission lines interconnecting several member states , in the form of hybrid projects or , at a later stage , a more meshed grid. this would allow electricity to flow in different directions , thus maximising socio-economic welfare , optimising infrastructure expenditure and enabling a more sustainable usage of the sea. ### (8) the offshore renewable energy strategy introduces an ambitious objective of 300 gw of offshore wind and 40 gw of ocean energy across all the union’s sea basins by 2050. to ensure this step change , member states and its relevant regional and local authorities will need to work together across borders at sea-basin level. member states and their relevant regional and local actors should therefore jointly define the amount of offshore renewable generation to be deployed within each sea basin by 2050 , with intermediate steps in 2030 and 2040. these objectives should be reflected in the updated national energy and climate plans that will be submitted in 2023 and 2024 pursuant to regulation (eu) 2018/1999. in defining the amount , the offshore renewable energy potential of each sea basin , environmental protection and biodiversity , climate adaptation and other uses of the sea , especially the activities that were already taking place in the affected areas , the possible harm to the environment , the article 2 of the paris agreement , as well as the union’s decarbonisation targets should be taken into account. in addition , member states and their relevant sub-administrations should increasingly consider the possibility of combining offshore renewable energy generation with transmission lines interconnecting several member states , in the form of hybrid projects or , at a later stage , a more meshed grid. this would allow electricity to flow in different directions , thus maximising socio-economic welfare , optimising infrastructure expenditure and enabling a more sustainable usage of the sea. member states bordering a sea basin could use the maritime spatial planning process to ensure a strong public participation approach so that the views of all stakeholders and coastal communities are taken into account , as well as the activities already taking place in the affected areas.


### (9) the market for renewable power purchase agreements is rapidly growing and provides a complementary route to the market of renewable power generation in addition to support schemes by member states or to selling directly on the wholesale electricity market. at the same time , the market for renewable power purchase agreements is still limited to a small number of member states and large companies , with significant administrative , technical and financial barriers remaining in large parts of the union’s market. the existing measures in article 15 to encourage the uptake of renewable power purchase agreements should therefore be strengthened further , by exploring the use of credit guarantees to reduce these agreements’ financial risks , taking into account that these guarantees , where public , should not crowd out private financing. ### (9) the market for renewable power purchase agreements is rapidly growing and provides a complementary route to the market of renewable power generation in addition to support schemes by member states or to selling directly on the wholesale electricity market. at the same time , these agreements provide the producer with the security of a certain income whilst the user can benefit from a stable electricity price. the market for renewable power purchase agreements is still limited to a small number of member states and large companies , with significant administrative , technical and financial barriers remaining in large parts of the union’s market. the existing measures in article 15 to encourage the uptake of renewable power purchase agreements should therefore be strengthened further , by exploring the use of credit guarantees to reduce these agreements’ financial risks , taking into account that these guarantees , where public , should not crowd out private financing.


### (12) insufficient numbers of skilled workers , in particular installers and designers of renewable heating and cooling systems , slow down the replacement of fossil fuel heating systems by renewable energy based systems and is a major barrier to integrating renewables in buildings , industry and agriculture. member states should cooperate with social partners and renewable energy communities to anticipate the skills that will be needed. a sufficient number of high-quality training programmes and certification possibilities ensuring proper installation and reliable operation of a wide range of renewable heating and cooling systems should be made available and designed in a way to attract participation in such training programmes and certification systems. member states should consider what actions should be taken to attract groups currently under-represented in the occupational areas in question. the list of trained and certified installers should be made public to ensure consumer trust and easy access to tailored designer and installer skills guaranteeing proper installation and operation of renewable heating and cooling. ### (12) insufficient numbers of skilled workers , in particular installers and designers of renewable heating and cooling systems , slow down the replacement of fossil fuel heating systems by renewable energy based systems , including solar thermal photovoltaic systems , shallow geothermal systems and heat pumps and energy storage systems , and is a major barrier to integrating renewables in buildings , industry and agriculture. member states should cooperate with social partners and renewable energy communities to anticipate the skills that will be needed. a sufficient number of high-quality training programmes and certification possibilities ensuring proper installation and reliable operation of a wide range of renewable heating and cooling systems should be made available and designed in a way to attract participation in such training programmes and certification systems. training courses and qualifications already acquired by the operators on the basis of the previous legislation must be preserved. member states should consider what actions should be taken to attract groups currently under-represented in the occupational areas in question. the list of trained and certified installers should be made public to ensure consumer trust and easy access to tailored designer and installer skills guaranteeing proper installation and operation of renewable heating and cooling.


### (14) infrastructure development for district heating and cooling networks should be stepped up and steered towards harnessing a wider range of renewable heat and cold sources in an efficient and flexible way in order to increase the deployment of renewable energy and deepen energy system integration. it is therefore appropriate to update the list of renewable energy sources that district heating and cooling networks should increasingly accommodate and require the integration of thermal energy storage as a source of flexibility , greater energy efficiency and more cost-effective operation. ### (14) infrastructure development for district heating and cooling networks should be stepped up and steered towards harnessing a wider range of renewable heat and cold sources in an efficient and flexible way in order to increase the deployment of renewable energy and deepen energy system integration. it is therefore appropriate to update the list of renewable energy sources that district heating and cooling networks should increasingly accommodate and require the integration of thermal energy storage as a source of flexibility , greater energy efficiency and more cost-effective operation , such support should be provided in a form that focuses on the inclusion of low-income households in order to address energy poverty.


### (19) distributed storage assets , such as domestic batteries and batteries of electric vehicles have the potential to offer considerable flexibility and balancing services to the grid through aggregation. in order to facilitate the development of such services , the regulatory provisions concerning connection and operation of the storage assets , such as tariffs , commitment times and connection specifications , should be designed in a way that does not hamper the potential of all storage assets , including small and mobile ones , to offer flexibility and balancing services to the system and to contribute to the further penetration renewable electricity , in comparison with larger , stationary storage assets. ### (19) distributed and decentralised generation , demand response and storage assets , such as domestic batteries and batteries of electric vehicles , smart heating and cooling systems , and other smart devices have the potential to offer considerable flexibility and balancing services to the grid through aggregation. in order to facilitate the development of such services , the regulatory provisions concerning connection and operation of the decentralised generation and storage assets , such as tariffs , commitment times and connection specifications , should be designed in a way that does not hamper the potential of all storage assets , including small and mobile ones , to offer flexibility and balancing services to the system and to contribute to the further penetration of renewable electricity , in comparison with larger , stationary storage assets.


### (23) increasing ambition in the heating and cooling sector is key to delivering the overall renewable energy target given that heating and cooling constitutes around half of the union's energy consumption , covering a wide range of end uses and technologies in buildings , industry and district heating and cooling. to accelerate the increase of renewables in heating and cooling , an annual 1.1 percentage point increase at member state level should be made binding as a minimum for all member states. for those member states , which already have renewable shares above 50% in the heating and cooling sector , it should remain possible to only apply half of the binding annual increase rate and member states with 60% or above may count any such share as fulfilling the average annual increase rate in accordance with points b) and c) of paragraph 2 of article 23. in addition , member state-specific top-ups should be set , redistributing the additional efforts to the desired level of renewables in 2030 among member states based on gdp and cost-effectiveness. a longer list of different measures should also be included in directive (eu) 2018/2001 to facilitate increasing the share of renewables in heating and cooling. member states may implement one or more measures from the list of measures. ### (23) increasing ambition in the heating and cooling sector is key to delivering the overall renewable energy target given that heating and cooling constitutes around half of the union's energy consumption , covering a wide range of end uses and technologies in buildings , industry and district heating and cooling. to accelerate the increase of renewables in heating and cooling , an annual 1.1 percentage point increase at member state level should be made binding as a minimum for all member states. for those member states , which already have renewable shares above 50% in the heating and cooling sector , it should remain possible to only apply half of the binding annual increase rate and member states with 60% or above may count any such share as fulfilling the average annual increase rate in accordance with points b) and c) of paragraph 2 of article 23. in addition , member state-specific top-ups should be set , redistributing the additional efforts to the desired level of renewables in 2030 among member states based on gdp and cost-effectiveness. a longer list of different measures should also be included in directive (eu) 2018/2001 to facilitate increasing the share of renewables in heating and cooling. member states may implement one or more measures from the list of measures. when adopting and implementing those measures , member states should ensure their accessibility to all consumers , in particular those in low-income or vulnerable households , and should require a significant share of measures to be implemented as a priority in low-income households at risk of energy poverty and in social housing.


### (29) the use of renewable fuels and renewable electricity in transport can contribute to the decarbonisation of the union transport sector in a cost-effective manner , and improve , amongst other , energy diversification in that sector while promoting innovation , growth and jobs in the union economy and reducing reliance on energy imports. with a view to achieving the increased target for greenhouse gas emission savings defined by the union , the level of renewable energy supplied to all transport modes in the union should be increased. expressing the transport target as a greenhouse gas intensity reduction target would stimulate an increasing use of the most cost-effective and performing fuels , in terms of greenhouse gas savings , in transport. in addition , a greenhouse gas intensity reduction target would stimulate innovation and set out a clear benchmark to compare across fuel types and renewable electricity depending on their greenhouse gas intensity. complementary to this , increasing the level of the energy-based target on advanced biofuels and biogas and introducing a target for renewable fuels of non-biological origin would ensure an increased use of the renewable fuels with smallest environmental impact in transport modes that are difficult to electrify. the achievement of those targets should be ensured by obligations on fuel suppliers as well as by other measures included in [regulation (eu) 2021/xxx on the use of renewable and low-carbon fuels in maritime transport - fueleu maritime and regulation (eu) 2021/xxx on ensuring a level playing field for sustainable air transport]. dedicated obligations on aviation fuel suppliers should be set only pursuant to [regulation (eu) 2021/xxx on ensuring a level playing field for sustainable air transport]. ### (29) the use of renewable fuels and renewable electricity in transport can contribute to the decarbonisation of the union transport sector in a cost-effective manner , and improve , amongst other , energy diversification in that sector while promoting innovation , growth and jobs in the union economy and reducing reliance on energy imports. with a view to achieving the increased target for greenhouse gas emission savings defined by the union , the level of renewable energy supplied to all transport modes in the union should be increased. expressing the transport target as a greenhouse gas intensity reduction target would stimulate an increasing use of the most cost-effective and performing fuels , in terms of greenhouse gas savings , in transport. in addition , a greenhouse gas intensity reduction target would stimulate innovation and set out a clear benchmark to compare across fuel types and renewable electricity depending on their greenhouse gas intensity. complementary to this , increasing the level of the energy-based target on advanced biofuels and biogas and introducing a target for renewable fuels of non-biological origin would ensure an increased use of the renewable fuels with smallest environmental impact in transport modes and regions that are difficult to electrify. the achievement of those targets should be ensured by obligations on fuel suppliers as well as by other measures included in [regulation (eu) 2021/xxx on the use of renewable and low-carbon fuels in maritime transport - fueleu maritime and regulation (eu) 2021/xxx on ensuring a level playing field for sustainable air transport]. dedicated obligations on aviation fuel suppliers should be set only pursuant to [regulation (eu) 2021/xxx on ensuring a level playing field for sustainable air transport].


### (29) the use of renewable fuels and renewable electricity in transport can contribute to the decarbonisation of the union transport sector in a cost-effective manner , and improve , amongst other , energy diversification in that sector while promoting innovation , growth and jobs in the union economy and reducing reliance on energy imports. with a view to achieving the increased target for greenhouse gas emission savings defined by the union , the level of renewable energy supplied to all transport modes in the union should be increased. expressing the transport target as a greenhouse gas intensity reduction target would stimulate an increasing use of the most cost-effective and performing fuels , in terms of greenhouse gas savings , in transport. in addition , a greenhouse gas intensity reduction target would stimulate innovation and set out a clear benchmark to compare across fuel types and renewable electricity depending on their greenhouse gas intensity. complementary to this , increasing the level of the energy-based target on advanced biofuels and biogas and introducing a target for renewable fuels of non-biological origin would ensure an increased use of the renewable fuels with smallest environmental impact in transport modes that are difficult to electrify. the achievement of those targets should be ensured by obligations on fuel suppliers as well as by other measures included in [regulation (eu) 2021/xxx on the use of renewable and low-carbon fuels in maritime transport - fueleu maritime and regulation (eu) 2021/xxx on ensuring a level playing field for sustainable air transport]. dedicated obligations on aviation fuel suppliers should be set only pursuant to [regulation (eu) 2021/xxx on ensuring a level playing field for sustainable air transport]. ### (29) the use of renewable fuels and renewable electricity in transport can contribute to the decarbonisation of the union transport sector in a cost-effective manner , and improve , amongst other , energy diversification in that sector while promoting innovation , growth and jobs in the union economy and reducing reliance on energy imports. with a view to achieving the increased target for greenhouse gas emission savings defined by the union , the level of renewable energy supplied to all transport modes in the union should be increased. expressing the transport target as a greenhouse gas intensity reduction target would stimulate an increasing use of the most cost-effective and performing fuels , in terms of greenhouse gas savings , in transport. in addition , a greenhouse gas intensity reduction target would stimulate innovation and set out a clear benchmark to compare across fuel types and renewable electricity depending on their greenhouse gas intensity. however , in order to ensure the achievement of the greenhouse gas emission savings target , member states should have the possibility to do so by means of measures targeting volumes , energy content or greenhouse gas emissions , provided that it is demonstrated that the greenhouse gas intensity reduction and minimum shares are achieved. complementary to this , increasing the level of the energy-based target on advanced biofuels and biogas and introducing a target for renewable fuels of non-biological origin would ensure an increased use of the renewable fuels with smallest environmental impact in transport modes that are difficult to electrify. the achievement of those targets should be ensured by obligations on fuel suppliers as well as by other measures included in [regulation (eu) 2021/xxx on the use of renewable and low-carbon fuels in maritime transport - fueleu maritime and regulation (eu) 2021/xxx on ensuring a level playing field for sustainable air transport]. dedicated obligations on aviation fuel suppliers should be set only pursuant to [regulation (eu) 2021/xxx on ensuring a level playing field for sustainable air transport].


### (30) electromobility will play an essential role in decarbonising the transport sector. to foster the further development of electromobility , member states should establish a credit mechanism enabling operators of charging points accessible to the public to contribute , by supplying renewable electricity , towards the fulfilment of the obligation set up by member states on fuel suppliers. while supporting electricity in transport through such a mechanism , it is important that member states continue setting a high level of ambition for the decarbonisation of their liquid fuel mix in transport. ### (30) electromobility will play an essential role in decarbonising the transport sector. to foster the further development of electromobility , member states should establish a credit mechanism enabling operators of charging points accessible to the public. as well as private charging points to contribute , by supplying renewable electricity , towards the fulfilment of the obligation set up by member states on fuel suppliers. while supporting electricity in transport through such a mechanism , it is important that member states continue setting a high level of ambition for the decarbonisation of their liquid fuel mix mainly in hard-to-decarbonise transport sectors , such as the maritime and aviation sectors.


### (31) the union’s renewable energy policy aims to contribute to achieving the climate change mitigation objectives of the european union in terms of the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. in the pursuit of this goal , it is essential to also contribute to wider environmental objectives , and in particular the prevention of biodiversity loss , which is negatively impacted by the indirect land use change associated to the production of certain biofuels , bioliquids and biomass fuels. contributing to these climate and environmental objectives constitutes a deep and longstanding intergenerational concern for union citizens and the union legislator. as a consequence , the changes in the way the transport target is calculated should not affect the limits established on how to account toward that target certain fuels produced from food and feed crops on the one hand and high indirect land-use change-risk fuels on the other hand. in addition , in order not to create an incentive to use biofuels and biogas produced from food and feed crops in transport , member states should continue to be able to choose whether count them or not towards the transport target. if they do not count them , they may reduce the greenhouse gas intensity reduction target accordingly , assuming that food and feed crop-based biofuels save 50% greenhouse gas emissions , which corresponds to the typical values set out in an annex to this directive for the greenhouse gas emission savings of the most relevant production pathways of food and feed crop-based biofuels as well as the minimum savings threshold applying to most installations producing such biofuels. ### (31) the union’s renewable energy policy aims to contribute to achieving the climate change mitigation objectives of the european union in terms of the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. in the pursuit of this goal , it is essential to also contribute to wider environmental objectives , and in particular the prevention of biodiversity and ecosystems loss , which is negatively impacted by the indirect land use change associated to the production of certain biofuels , bioliquids and biomass fuels. contributing to these climate and environmental objectives constitutes a deep and longstanding intergenerational concern for union citizens and the union legislator. as a consequence , the changes in the way the transport target is calculated should not affect the limits established on how to account toward that target certain fuels produced from food and feed crops on the one hand and high indirect land-use change-risk fuels on the other hand. in addition , in order not to create an incentive to use biofuels and biogas produced from food and feed crops in transport , member states should continue to be able to choose whether count them or not towards the transport target. if they do not count them , they may reduce the greenhouse gas intensity reduction target accordingly , assuming that food and feed crop-based biofuels save 50% greenhouse gas emissions , which corresponds to the typical values set out in an annex to this directive for the greenhouse gas emission savings of the most relevant production pathways of food and feed crop-based biofuels as well as the minimum savings threshold applying to most installations producing such biofuels.


### (36) directive (eu) 2018/2001 strengthened the bioenergy sustainability and greenhouse gas savings framework by setting criteria for all end-use sectors. it set out specific rules for biofuels , bioliquids and biomass fuels produced from forest biomass , requiring the sustainability of harvesting operations and the accounting of land-use change emissions. to achieve an enhanced protection of especially biodiverse and carbon-rich habitats , such as primary forests , highly biodiverse forests , grasslands and peat lands , exclusions and limitations to source forest biomass from those areas should be introduced , in line with the approach for biofuels , bioliquids and biomass fuels produced from agricultural biomass. in addition , the greenhouse gas emission saving criteria should also apply to existing biomass-based installations to ensure that bioenergy production in all such installations leads to greenhouse gas emission reductions compared to energy produced from fossil fuels. ### (36) directive (eu) 2018/2001 strengthened the bioenergy sustainability and greenhouse gas savings framework by setting criteria for all end-use sectors. it set out specific rules for biofuels , bioliquids and biomass fuels produced from forest biomass , requiring the sustainability of harvesting operations and the accounting of land-use change emissions. to achieve an enhanced protection of especially biodiverse and carbon-rich habitats , such as primary forests , highly biodiverse forests , grasslands and peat lands , exclusions and limitations to source forest biomass from those areas should be introduced , when harvesting biomass from country which does not meet harvesting criteria in country level , in line with the approach for biofuels , bioliquids and biomass fuels produced from agricultural biomass. in addition , the greenhouse gas emission saving criteria should also apply to existing biomass-based installations to ensure that bioenergy production in all such installations leads to greenhouse gas emission reductions compared to energy produced from fossil fuels.


### (37) in order to reduce the administrative burden for producers of renewable fuels and recycled carbon fuels and for member states , where voluntary or national schemes have been recognised by the commission through an implementing act as giving evidence or providing accurate data regarding the compliance with sustainability and greenhouse gas emissions saving criteria as well as other requirements set in this directive , member states should accept the results of the certification issued by such schemes within the scope of the commission’s recognition. in order to reduce the burden on small installations , member states should establish a simplified verification mechanism for installations of between 5 and 10mw. ### (37) in order to reduce the administrative burden for producers of renewable fuels and for member states , where voluntary or national schemes have been recognised by the commission through an implementing act as giving evidence or providing accurate data regarding the compliance with sustainability and greenhouse gas emissions saving criteria as well as other requirements set in this directive , member states should accept the results of the certification issued by such schemes within the scope of the commission’s recognition. in order to reduce the burden on small installations , member states should establish a simplified verification mechanism for installations of between 5 and 10mw.


### (38) the union database to be set up by the commission aims at enabling the tracing of liquid and gaseous renewable fuels and recycled carbon fuels. its scope should be extended from transport to all other end-use sectors in which such fuels are consumed. this should make a vital contribution to the comprehensive monitoring of the production and consumption of those fuels , mitigating risks of double-counting or irregularities along the supply chains covered by the union database. in addition , to avoid any risk of double claims on the same renewable gas , a guarantee of origin issued for any consignment of renewable gas registered in the database should be cancelled. ### (38) the union database to be set up by the commission aims at enabling the tracing of liquid and gaseous renewable fuels . its scope should be extended from transport to all other end-use sectors in which such fuels are consumed. this should make a vital contribution to the comprehensive monitoring of the production and consumption of those fuels , mitigating risks of double-counting or irregularities along the supply chains covered by the union database. in addition , to avoid any risk of double claims on the same renewable gas , a guarantee of origin issued for any consignment of renewable gas registered in the database should be cancelled.


### 36. ‘renewable fuels of non-biological origin’ means liquid and gaseous fuels the energy content of which is derived from renewable sources other than biomass;’; ### 36. ‘renewable fuels of non-biological origin , used in transport’ means liquid and gaseous fuels the energy content of which is derived from renewable sources other than biomass;’;


### (1a) ‘quality roundwood’ means roundwood felled or otherwise harvested and removed , whose characteristics , such as species , dimensions , rectitude , and node density , make it suitable for industrial use , as defined and duly justified by member states according to the relevant forest conditions. this does not include pre-commercial thinning operations or trees extracted from forests affected by fires , pests , diseases or damage due to abiotic factors; ### (1a) ‘quality roundwood’ means roundwood felled or harvested and removed using methods other than those regulated , whose characteristics , such as species , dimensions , rectitude , and node density , make it suitable for industrial use , as defined and duly justified by member states according to the relevant forest conditions. this does not include pre-commercial thinning operations or trees extracted from forests affected by fires , pests , diseases or damage due to abiotic factors;


### (1) member states shall collectively ensure that the share of energy from renewable sources in the union’s gross final consumption of energy in 2030 is at least 40%; ### (1) member states shall collectively ensure that the share of energy from renewable sources in the union’s gross final consumption of energy in 2030 is at least 35%;


### 1. member states shall collectively ensure that the share of energy from renewable sources in the union’s gross final consumption of energy in 2030 is at least 40%.; ### 1. member states shall collectively ensure that the share of energy from renewable sources in the union’s gross final consumption of energy in 2030 is at least 45%.;


### 3. member states shall take measures to ensure that energy from biomass is produced in a way that minimises undue distortive effects on the biomass raw material market and harmful impacts on biodiversity. to that end , they shall take into account the waste hierarchy as set out in article 4 of directive 2008/98/ec and the cascading principle referred to in the third subparagraph. ### 3. member states shall take measures to ensure that energy from biomass is produced in a way that minimises undue distortive effects on the biomass raw material market and harmful impacts on biodiversity in their support schemes. to that end , they shall take into account the waste hierarchy as set out in article 4 of directive 2008/98/ec and the cascading principle referred to in the third subparagraph.


### the use of saw logs , veneer logs , stumps and roots to produce energy. ### the use of saw logs and veneer logs to produce energy.


### from 31 december 2026 , and without prejudice to the obligations in the first sub-paragraph , member states shall grant no support to the production of electricity from forest biomass in electricity-only-installations , unless such electricity meets at least one of the following conditions: ### from 31 december 2028 , and without prejudice to the obligations in the first sub-paragraph , member states shall grant no support to the production of electricity from forest biomass in electricity-only-installations , unless such electricity meets at least one of the following conditions:


### no later than one year after [the entry into force of this amending directive] , the commission shall adopt a delegated act in accordance with article 35 on how to apply the cascading principle for biomass , in particular on how to minimise the use of quality roundwood for energy production , with a focus on support schemes and with due regard to national specificities. ### no later than one year after [the entry into force of this amending directive] , the commission shall adopt a delegated act in accordance with article 35 on how to apply the cascading principle for biomass in their support schemes , in particular on how to minimise the use of quality roundwood for energy production , with a focus on support schemes and with due regard to national specificities.


### by 2026 the commission shall present a report on the impact of the member states’ support schemes for biomass , including on biodiversity and possible market distortions , and will assess the possibility for further limitations regarding support schemes to forest biomass.; ### by 2026 the commission shall present a report on the impact of the member states’ support schemes for biomass , including on biodiversity and possible market distortions.


### by 2026 the commission shall present a report on the impact of the member states’ support schemes for biomass , including on biodiversity and possible market distortions , and will assess the possibility for further limitations regarding support schemes to forest biomass.’; ### by 2028 the commission shall present a report on the impact of the member states’ support schemes for biomass , including on biodiversity and possible market distortions , and will assess the possibility for further limitations regarding support schemes to forest biomass.’;


### no later than one year after [the entry into force of this amending directive] , the commission shall adopt a delegated act in accordance with article 35 on how to apply the cascading principle for biomass , in particular on how to minimise the use of quality roundwood for energy production , with a focus on support schemes and with due regard to national specificities. ### no later than one year after [the entry into force of this amending directive] , the commission shall adopt a delegated act in accordance with article 35 on how to apply the cascading principle for biomass , in particular on how to minimise the use of quality roundwood for energy production , and while taking into account available volumes of feedstock and share of pre-existing competing industrial uses other than energy purposes , with a focus on support schemes and with due regard to national specificities. this delegated act shall consider the necessary forest management activities , aimed notably at ensuring wildfire prevention.


### 4a. member states shall establish a framework , which may include support schemes and facilitating the uptake of renewable power purchase agreements , enabling the deployment of renewable electricity to a level that is consistent with the member state’s national contribution referred to in paragraph 2 and at a pace that is consistent with the indicative trajectories referred to in article 4(a)(2) of regulation (eu) 2018/1999. in particular , that framework shall tackle remaining barriers , including those related to permitting procedures , to a high level of renewable electricity supply. when designing that framework , member states shall take into account the additional renewable electricity required to meet demand in the transport , industry , building and heating and cooling sectors and for the production of renewable fuels of non-biological origin.; ### 4a. member states shall establish a framework , which may include support schemes and facilitating the uptake of renewable power purchase agreements , enabling the deployment of renewable electricity to a level that is consistent with the member state’s national contribution referred to in paragraph 2 and at a pace that is consistent with the indicative trajectories referred to in article 4(a)(2) of regulation (eu) 2018/1999. in particular , that framework shall tackle remaining barriers , including those related to permitting procedures , to a high level of renewable electricity supply. when designing that framework , member states shall take into account the additional renewable electricity required to meet demand in the transport , industry , building and heating and cooling sectors and for the production of renewable fuels of non-biological origin. member states and their relevant sub-national administrations shall endeavour to promote the most sustainable renewable energy generation technologies , for example by assessing the embodied carbon footprint of the projects and applying sustainability best practices in the project development.;


### 1a. by 31 december 2025 , each member state shall agree to establish at least one joint project with one or more other member states for the production of renewable energy. the commission shall be notified of such an agreement , including the date on which the project is expected to become operational. projects financed by national contributions under the union renewable energy financing mechanism established by commission implementing regulation (eu) 2020/129425 shall be deemed to satisfy this obligation for the member states involved.; ### 1a. by 31 december 2025 , each member state shall agree to establish at least one joint project with one or more other member states for the production of renewable energy. such cooperation may involve local and regional authorities and private operators. the commission shall be notified of such an agreement , including the date on which the project is expected to become operational. projects financed by national contributions under the union renewable energy financing mechanism established by commission implementing regulation (eu) 2020/129425 shall be deemed to satisfy this obligation for the member states involved.;


### 1a. by 31 december 2025 , each member state shall agree to establish at least one joint project with one or more other member states for the production of renewable energy. the commission shall be notified of such an agreement , including the date on which the project is expected to become operational. projects financed by national contributions under the union renewable energy financing mechanism established by commission implementing regulation (eu) 2020/129425 shall be deemed to satisfy this obligation for the member states involved.; ### 1a. by 31 december 2025 , each member state shall agree to establish at least one joint project with one or more other member states for the production of renewable energy. by 2030 each member state shall have at least two joint project agreements. the commission shall be notified of each agreement , including the date on which the projects are expected to become operational. projects financed by national contributions under the union renewable energy financing mechanism established by commission implementing regulation (eu) 2020/129425 shall be deemed to satisfy this obligation for the member states involved.;


### 7a. member states bordering a sea basin shall cooperate to jointly define the amount of offshore renewable energy they plan to produce in that sea basin by 2050 , with intermediate steps in 2030 and 2040. they shall take into account the specificities and development in each region , the offshore renewable potential of the sea basin and the importance of ensuring the associated integrated grid planning. member states shall notify that amount in the updated integrated national energy and climate plans submitted pursuant to article 14 of regulation (eu) 2018/1999.; ### 7a. member states bordering a sea basin shall cooperate to jointly define the amount of offshore renewable energy they plan to produce in that sea basin by 2050 , with intermediate steps in 2030 and 2040. they shall take into account the specificities and development in each region , especially the activities that already take place in the affected area , the socioeconomical reality , and the possible harm to the environment , the offshore renewable potential of the sea basin and the importance of ensuring the associated integrated grid planning. member states shall notify that amount in the updated integrated national energy and climate plans submitted pursuant to article 14 of regulation (eu) 2018/1999.;


### 9. by one year after the entry into force of this amending directive , the commission shall review , and where appropriate , propose modifications to , the rules on administrative procedures set out in articles 15 , 16 and 17 and their application , and may take additional measures to support member states in their implementation.; ### 9. by six months after the entry into force of this amending directive , the commission shall revise the guidelines on permit granting to shorten and simplify the process for new and repowered projects , including renewable hybrid plants and co-located facilities , including recommendations to remove administrative barriers to renewable energy projects and the electricity transmission assets necessary for their connection and integration into the electricity system , present best practices on permitting and grid interconnection and key performance indicators on how to apply the rules on administrative procedures set out in this directive. to this end , the commission shall carry out appropriate consultations that include all relevant stakeholders , including local and regional authorities.


### 1. in order to promote the production and use of renewable energy in the building sector , member states shall set an indicative target for the share of renewables in final energy consumption in their buildings sector in 2030 that is consistent with an indicative target of at least a 49 % share of energy from renewable sources in the buildings sector in the union’s final consumption of energy in 2030. the national target shall be expressed in terms of share of national final energy consumption and calculated in accordance with the methodology set out in article 7. member states shall include their target in the updated integrated national energy and climate plans submitted pursuant to article 14 of regulation (eu) 2018/1999 as well as information on how they plan to achieve it. ### 1. in order to promote the production and use of renewable energy in the building sector , member states shall set an indicative target for the share of renewables in final energy consumption in their buildings sector in 2030 that is consistent with an indicative target of at least a 49 % share of energy from renewable sources in the buildings sector in the union’s final consumption of energy in 2030. the national target shall be expressed in terms of share of national final energy consumption and calculated in accordance with the methodology set out in article 7 including in the calculation of the share of final consumption of the electricity from renewable sources comprising self-consumption , energy communities and the share of renewable energy in the electricity mix. member states shall include their target in the updated integrated national energy and climate plans submitted pursuant to article 14 of regulation (eu) 2018/1999 as well as information on how they plan to achieve it.


### 4. in order to achieve the indicative share of renewable energy set out in paragraph 1 , member states shall promote the use of renewable heating and cooling systems and equipment. to that end , member states shall use all appropriate measures , tools and incentives , including , among others , energy labels developed under regulation (eu) 2017/1369 of the european parliament and of the council26 , energy performance certificates pursuant to directive 2010/31/eu , or other appropriate certificates or standards developed at national or union level , and shall ensure the provision of adequate information and advice on renewable , highly energy efficient alternatives as well as on financial instruments and incentives available to promote an increased replacement rate of old heating systems and an increased switch to solutions based on renewable energy.; ### 4. in order to achieve the share of renewable energy set out in paragraph 1 and 3 , member states shall promote the use of efficient renewable heating and cooling systems and equipment , including smart-renewable-based heating and cooling systems , as well as the smart decentralised energy resources in buildings. to that end , member states shall use all appropriate measures , tools and incentives , including , among others , energy labels developed under regulation (eu) 2017/1369 of the european parliament and of the council26 , energy performance certificates pursuant to directive 2010/31/eu , or other appropriate certificates or standards developed at national or union level , and shall ensure the provision of adequate information and advice through one-stop shops on renewable , highly energy efficient alternatives in accordance with article 21 of the [energy efficiency directive recast] as well as on financial instruments and incentives available to promote an increased replacement rate of old heating and cooling systems and an increased switch to solutions based on renewable energy.;


### 3. member states shall ensure that certification schemes are available for installers and designers of all forms of renewable heating and cooling systems in buildings , industry and agriculture , and for installers of solar photovoltaic systems. those schemes may take into account existing schemes and structures as appropriate , and shall be based on the criteria laid down in annex iv. each member state shall recognise the certification awarded by other member states in accordance with those criteria. ### 3. member states shall ensure that certification schemes are available for installers and designers of all forms of renewable heating and cooling systems in buildings , industry and agriculture , and for installers of solar , thermal and photovoltaic systems , shallow geothermal systems and heat pumps , including storage and active demand respond systems. those schemes may take into account existing schemes and structures as appropriate , and shall be based on the criteria laid down in annex iv. each member state shall recognise the certification awarded by other member states in accordance with those criteria.


### member states shall ensure that trained and qualified installers of renewable heating and cooling systems are available in sufficient numbers for the relevant technologies to service the growth of renewable heating and cooling required to contribute to the annual increase in the share of renewable energy in the heating and cooling sector as set out in article 23. ### member states shall ensure that trained and qualified installers of renewable heating and cooling systems , solar thermal and photovoltaic systems , shallow geothermal systems , heat pumps and storage systems and active demand respond systems are available in sufficient numbers for the relevant technologies to service the growth of renewable heating and cooling required to contribute to the annual increase in the share of renewable energy in the heating and cooling sector as set out in article 23 , in buildings as set out in article 15a and for renewable energy in transport as set out in article 25 , as well as the overall renewable energy target as set out in article 3.


### to achieve such sufficient numbers of installers and designers , member states shall ensure that sufficient training programmes leading to qualification or certification covering renewable heating and cooling technologies , and their latest innovative solutions , are made available. member states shall put in place measures to promote participation in such programmes , in particular by small and medium-sized enterprises and the self-employed. member states may put in place voluntary agreements with the relevant technology providers and vendors to train sufficient numbers of installers , which may be based on estimates of sales , in the latest innovative solutions and technologies available on the market. ### to achieve such sufficient numbers of installers and designers , member states or their competent authorities at regional and local level , may promote shall ensure that sufficient training programmes leading to qualification or certification covering renewable heating and cooling technologies , storage technologies , and their latest innovative solutions , including infrastructure are made available. member states shall put in place measures to promote participation in such programmes , in particular by small and medium-sized enterprises and the self-employed. member states may put in place voluntary agreements with the relevant technology providers and vendors to train sufficient numbers of installers , which may be based on estimates of sales , in the latest innovative solutions and technologies available on the market.


### to that end , member states shall ensure that a guarantee of origin is issued in response to a request from a producer of energy from renewable sources. member states may arrange for guarantees of origin to be issued for energy from non-renewable sources. issuance of guarantees of origin may be made subject to a minimum capacity limit. a guarantee of origin shall be of the standard size of 1 mwh. no more than one guarantee of origin shall be issued in respect of each unit of energy produced.; ### to that end , member states shall ensure that a guarantee of origin is issued in response to a request from a producer of energy from renewable sources. issuance of guarantees of origin may be made subject to a minimum capacity limit. a guarantee of origin shall be of the standard size of 1 mwh. no more than one guarantee of origin shall be issued in respect of each unit of energy produced.;


### 1. member states shall endeavour to increase the share of renewable sources in the amount of energy sources used for final energy and non-energy purposes in the industry sector by an indicative average minimum annual increase of 1.1 percentage points by 2030. ### 1. member states , in coordination with regions and local authorities , shall endeavour to increase the share of renewable sources in the amount of energy sources used for final energy and non-energy purposes in the industry sector by an indicative average minimum annual increase of 1.1 percentage points by 2030.


### member states shall include the measures planned and taken to achieve such indicative increase in their integrated national energy and climate plans and progress reports submitted pursuant to articles 3 , 14 and 17 of regulation (eu) 2018/1999. ### member states , in coordination with regions and cities , shall include the measures planned and taken to achieve such indicative increase in their integrated national energy and climate plans and progress reports submitted pursuant to articles 3 , 14 and 17 of regulation (eu) 2018/1999.


### member states shall ensure that the contribution of renewable fuels of non-biological origin used for final energy and non-energy purposes shall be 50 % of the hydrogen used for final energy and non-energy purposes in industry by 2030. for the calculation of that percentage , the following rules shall apply: ### member states , in coordination with regions and cities , shall ensure that the contribution of renewable fuels of non-biological origin used for final energy and non-energy purposes shall be 50 % of the hydrogen used for final energy and non-energy purposes in industry by 2030. for the calculation of that percentage , the following rules shall apply:


### 2. member states shall ensure that industrial products that are labelled or claimed to be produced with renewable energy and renewable fuels of non-biological origin shall indicate the percentage of renewable energy used or renewable fuels of non-biological origin used in the raw material acquisition and pre-processing , manufacturing and distribution stage , calculated on the basis of the methodologies laid down in recommendation 2013/179/eu27 or , alternatively , iso 14067:2018.; ### 2. member states , in coordination with regions and cities , shall ensure that industrial products that are labelled or claimed to be produced with renewable energy and renewable fuels of non-biological origin shall indicate the percentage of renewable energy used or renewable fuels of non-biological origin used in the raw material acquisition and pre-processing , manufacturing and distribution stage , calculated on the basis of the methodologies laid down in recommendation 2013/179/eu27 or , alternatively , iso 14067:2018.;


### 1a. member states shall carry out an assessment of their potential of energy from renewable sources and of the use of waste heat and cold in the heating and cooling sector including , where appropriate , an analysis of areas suitable for their deployment at low ecological risk and of the potential for small-scale household projects. the assessment shall set out milestones and measures to in increase renewables in heating and cooling and , where appropriate , the use of waste heat and cold through district heating and cooling with a view of establishing a long-term national strategy to decarbonise heating and cooling. the assessment shall be part of the integrated national energy and climate plans referred to in articles 3 and 14 of regulation (eu) 2018/1999 , and shall accompany the comprehensive heating and cooling assessment required by article 14(1) of directive 2012/27/eu.; ### 1a. member states shall carry out an assessment of their potential of energy from renewable sources and of the use of waste heat and cold in the heating and cooling sector including , where appropriate , an analysis of areas suitable for their deployment at low ecological risk and of the potential for small-scale household projects with the participation of local and regional authorities. the assessment shall set out milestones and measures to an increase of renewables in heating and cooling and , where appropriate , the use of waste heat and cold through district heating and cooling and small-scale household and smes with a view of establishing a long-term national strategy to decarbonise heating and cooling. the assessment shall be in accordance with the energy efficiency first principle and part of the integrated national energy and climate plans referred to in articles 3 and 14 of regulation (eu) 2018/1999 , and shall accompany the comprehensive heating and cooling assessment required by article 14(1) of directive 2012/27/eu.;


### other policy measures , with an equivalent effect , including fiscal measures , support schemes or other financial incentives. ### other policy measures , with an equivalent effect , including fiscal measures , support schemes or other financial incentives contributing to the installation of renewable heating and cooling equipment and the development of energy networks supplying renewable energy for heating and cooling in buildings and industry.


### when adopting and implementing those measures , member states shall ensure their accessibility to all consumers , in particular those in low-income or vulnerable households , who would not otherwise possess sufficient up-front capital to benefit.; ### when adopting and implementing those measures , member states shall ensure their accessibility to all consumers including those who are tenants , in particular those in low-income or vulnerable households and shall require a significant share of masures to be implemented as a priority in households living in a condition of energy poverty as defined in the [energy efficiency directive recast] and in social housing , who would not otherwise possess sufficient up-front capital to benefit.;


### the amount of renewable fuels and renewable electricity supplied to the transport sector leads to a greenhouse gas intensity reduction of at least 13 % by 2030 , compared to the baseline set out in article 27(1) , point (b) , in accordance with an indicative trajectory set by the member state; ### the amount of renewable fuels and renewable electricity supplied to the transport sector leads to a greenhouse gas intensity reduction of at least 12 % by 2030 , compared to the baseline set out in article 27(1) , point (b) , in accordance with an indicative trajectory set by the member state;


### 2. member states shall establish a mechanism allowing fuel suppliers in their territory to exchange credits for supplying renewable energy to the transport sector. economic operators that supply renewable electricity to electric vehicles through public recharging stations shall receive credits , irrespectively of whether the economic operators are subject to the obligation set by the member state on fuel suppliers , and may sell those credits to fuel suppliers , which shall be allowed to use the credits to fulfil the obligation set out in paragraph 1 , first subparagraph.; ### 2. member states shall establish a mechanism allowing fuel suppliers in their territory to exchange credits for supplying renewable energy to the transport sector. economic operators that supply renewable electricity to electric vehicles through public and private recharging stations shall receive credits , irrespectively of whether the economic operators are subject to the obligation set by the member state on fuel suppliers , and may sell those credits to fuel suppliers , which shall be allowed to use the credits to fulfil the obligation set out in paragraph 1 , first subparagraph.;


### the amount of renewable fuels and renewable electricity supplied to the transport sector leads to a greenhouse gas intensity reduction of at least 13 % by 2030 , compared to the baseline set out in article 27(1) , point (b) , in accordance with an indicative trajectory set by the member state; ### the amount of renewable fuels and renewable electricity supplied to the transport sector leads to a greenhouse gas intensity reduction of at least 13 % by 2030 , compared to the baseline set out in article 27(1) , point (b) , in accordance with a trajectory set by the member state;


### the share of advanced biofuels and biogas produced from the feedstock listed in part a of annex ix in the energy supplied to the transport sector is at least 0 ,2 % in 2022 , 0 ,5 % in 2025 and 2 ,2 % in 2030 , and the share of renewable fuels of non-biological origin is at least 2 ,6 % in 2030. ### the share of advanced biofuels and biogas produced from the feedstock listed in part a of annex ix in the energy supplied to the transport sector is at least 0 ,5 % in 2025 and 2 ,2 % in 2030 , and the share of renewable fuels of non-biological origin is at least 2 ,6 % in 2030.


### for the calculation of the reduction referred to in point (a) and the share referred to in point (b) , member states shall take into account renewable fuels of non-biological origin also when they are used as intermediate products for the production of conventional fuels. for the calculation of the reduction referred to in point (a) , member states may take into account recycled carbon fuels. ### for the calculation of the reduction referred to in point (a) and the share referred to in point (b) , member states shall take into account renewable fuels of non-biological origin also when they are used as intermediate products for the production of conventional transport fuels. for the calculation of the reduction referred to in point (a).


### when setting the obligation on fuel suppliers , member states may exempt fuel suppliers supplying electricity or renewable liquid and gaseous transport fuels of non-biological origin from the requirement to comply with the minimum share of advanced biofuels and biogas produced from the feedstock listed in part a of annex ix with respect to those fuels. ### when setting the obligation on fuel suppliers , member states shall exempt fuel suppliers supplying electricity or renewable liquid and gaseous transport fuels of non-biological origin from the requirement to comply with the minimum share of advanced biofuels and biogas produced from the feedstock listed in part a of annex ix with respect to those fuels and shall exempt fuel suppliers supplying electricity from the requirement to comply with the minimum share of renewable liquid and gaseous transport fuels of non-biological origin.


### 2. member states shall establish a mechanism allowing fuel suppliers in their territory to exchange credits for supplying renewable energy to the transport sector. economic operators that supply renewable electricity to electric vehicles through public recharging stations shall receive credits , irrespectively of whether the economic operators are subject to the obligation set by the member state on fuel suppliers , and may sell those credits to fuel suppliers , which shall be allowed to use the credits to fulfil the obligation set out in paragraph 1 , first subparagraph.; ### 2. member states shall establish a mechanism allowing fuel suppliers in their territory to exchange credits for supplying renewable energy to the transport sector. economic operators that supply renewable electricity to electric vehicles through public and private recharging stations and through on-shore power supply for the maritime sector shall receive credits , irrespectively of whether the economic operators are subject to the obligation set by the member state on fuel suppliers , and may sell those credits to fuel suppliers , which shall be allowed to use the credits to fulfil the obligation set out in paragraph 1 , first subparagraph.


### when setting the obligation on fuel suppliers , member states may exempt fuel suppliers supplying electricity or renewable liquid and gaseous transport fuels of non-biological origin from the requirement to comply with the minimum share of advanced biofuels and biogas produced from the feedstock listed in part a of annex ix with respect to those fuels. ### when setting the obligation on fuel suppliers , member states may exempt fuel suppliers supplying electricity or renewable liquid and gaseous transport fuels of non-biological origin from the requirement to comply with the minimum share of advanced biofuels and biogas produced from the feedstock listed in part a of annex ix with respect to those fuels. in the event of suspension of the national policy and support scheme as provided for in article 3(3a) , the obligation on fuel suppliers to reduce the greenhouse gas emission intensity as defined in paragraph 1(a) shall be calculated pro rata to the period of suspension and on the basis of the various renewable sources used in the previous year.


### for the calculation of a member state's gross final consumption of energy from renewable sources referred to in article 7 and of the greenhouse gas intensity reduction target referred to in article 25(1) , first subparagraph , point (a) , the share of biofuels and bioliquids , as well as of biomass fuels consumed in transport , where produced from food and feed crops , shall be no more than one percentage point higher than the share of such fuels in the final consumption of energy in the transport sector in 2020 in that member state , with a maximum of 7 % of final consumption of energy in the transport sector in that member state.; ### for the calculation of a member state's gross final consumption of energy from renewable sources referred to in article 7 and of the greenhouse gas intensity reduction target referred to in article 25(1) , first subparagraph , point (a) , the share of biofuels and bioliquids , as well as of biomass fuels consumed in transport , where produced from food and feed crops , shall be no more than the share of such fuels in final consumption of energy in the road and rail transport sectors in 2020 in that member state , with a maximum of 7 % of final consumption of energy in the road and rail transport sectors in that member state.


### (iii) the amount of renewable electricity supplied to the transport sector is determined by multiplying the amount of electricity supplied to that sector by the average share of renewable electricity supplied in the territory of the member state in the two previous years. by way of exception , where electricity is obtained from a direct connection to an installation generating renewable electricity and supplied to the transport sector , that electricity shall be fully counted as renewable; ### (iii) the amount of renewable electricity supplied to the transport sector is determined by multiplying the amount of electricity supplied to that sector by the average share of renewable electricity supplied in the territory of the member state in the two previous years. by way of exception , where electricity is obtained from a direct connection to an installation generating renewable electricity and supplied to the transport sector , that electricity shall be fully counted as renewable; by 31 december 2023 , the commission shall adopt a delegated act in accordance with article 35 on additionality for renewable electricity supplied to the transport sector , to enable the use of up to 100% of renewable electricity , i.e. beyond the average share of renewable electricity supplied in the territory of the member state in the two previous years;


### (ii) for renewable fuels of non-biological origin and recycled carbon fuels , by multiplying the amount of these fuels that is supplied to all transport modes by their emissions savings determined in accordance with delegated acts adopted pursuant to article 29a(3); ### (ii) for renewable fuels of non-biological origin , by multiplying the amount of these fuels that is supplied to all transport modes by their emissions savings determined in accordance with delegated acts adopted pursuant to article 29a(3);


### (iii) for renewable electricity , by multiplying the amount of renewable electricity that is supplied to all transport modes by the fossil fuel comparator ecf(e) set out in in annex v; ### (iii) for renewable electricity , by multiplying the amount of renewable electricity that is supplied to all transport modes by the fossil fuel comparator ecf(e) set out in in annex v. member states implementing the greenhouse gas intensity reduction target in article 25(1) by means of a national target for the share of renewable energy within the final consumption of energy in the transport sector shall consider the share of renewable electricity to be four times its energy content;


### (iii) the amount of renewable electricity supplied to the transport sector is determined by multiplying the amount of electricity supplied to that sector by the average share of renewable electricity supplied in the territory of the member state in the two previous years. by way of exception , where electricity is obtained from a direct connection to an installation generating renewable electricity and supplied to the transport sector , that electricity shall be fully counted as renewable; ### (iii) the amount of renewable electricity supplied to the transport sector is determined by multiplying the amount of electricity supplied to that sector by the average share of renewable electricity supplied in the territory of the member state in the two previous years. by way of exception , where electricity is obtained from a direct connection to an installation generating renewable electricity and supplied to the transport sector , or alternatively with a dedicated power purchase agreement sourced additional renewable electricity accompanied with guarantees of origin from an electricity production unit or units that have been commissioned after a signature agreement , and which will not be accounted for as renewable electricity in any other sector , that electricity shall be fully counted as renewable;


### the greenhouse gas intensity reduction from the use of renewable energy is determined by dividing the greenhouse gas emissions saving from the use of biofuels , biogas and renewable electricity supplied to all transport modes by the baseline. ### the greenhouse gas intensity reduction from the use of renewable energy is determined by dividing the greenhouse gas emissions saving from the use of biofuels , biogas , renewable fuels of non-biological origin and renewable electricity supplied to all transport modes by the baseline.


### this paragraph , with the exception of the first subparagraph , point (c) , also applies to biofuels , bioliquids and biomass fuels produced from forest biomass.; ### this paragraph , with the exception of the first subparagraph , point (c) , also applies to biofuels , bioliquids and biomass fuels produced from forest biomass from a country which does not meet the criteria set in paragraph 6.


### this paragraph , with the exception of the first subparagraph , point (c) , also applies to biofuels , bioliquids and biomass fuels produced from forest biomass.; ### this paragraph , with the exception of the first subparagraph , point (c) , also applies to biofuels , bioliquids and biomass fuels produced from forest biomass from country which does not meet the criteria set in paragraph 6.


### the first subparagraph , with the exception of points (b) and (c) , and the second subparagraph also apply to biofuels , bioliquids and biomass fuels produced from forest biomass.; ### the first subparagraph , with the exception of points (b) and (c) , and the second subparagraph also apply to biofuels , bioliquids and biomass fuels produced from forest biomass from a country which does not meet the criteria set in paragraph 6.


### the first subparagraph , with the exception of points (b) and (c) , and the second subparagraph also apply to biofuels , bioliquids and biomass fuels produced from forest biomass.; ### the first subparagraph , with the exception of points (b) and (c) , and the second subparagraph also apply to biofuels , bioliquids and biomass fuels produced from forest biomass from country which does not meet the criteria set in paragraph 6.


### 5. biofuels , bioliquids and biomass fuels produced from agricultural or forest biomass taken into account for the purposes referred to in paragraph 1 , first subparagraph , points (a) , (b) and (c) , shall not be made from raw material obtained from land that was peatland in january 2008 , unless evidence is provided that the cultivation and harvesting of that raw material does not involve drainage of previously undrained soil.; ### 5. biofuels , bioliquids and biomass fuels produced from agricultural biomass or from forest biomass from a country which does not meet the criteria set in paragraph 6 , taken into account for the purposes referred to in paragraph 1 , first subparagraph , points (a) , (b) and (c) , shall not be made from raw material obtained from land that was peatland in january 2008 , unless evidence is provided that the cultivation and harvesting of that raw material does not involve drainage of previously undrained soil.;


### 5. biofuels , bioliquids and biomass fuels produced from agricultural or forest biomass taken into account for the purposes referred to in paragraph 1 , first subparagraph , points (a) , (b) and (c) , shall not be made from raw material obtained from land that was peatland in january 2008 , unless evidence is provided that the cultivation and harvesting of that raw material does not involve drainage of previously undrained soil.; ### 5. biofuels , bioliquids and biomass fuels produced from agricultural biomass or from forest biomass from country which does not meet the criteria set in paragraph 6. , taken into account for the purposes referred to in paragraph 1 , first subparagraph , points (a) , (b) and (c) , shall not be made from raw material obtained from land that was peatland in january 2008 , unless evidence is provided that the cultivation and harvesting of that raw material does not involve drainage of previously undrained soil.;


### 1. energy from renewable fuels of non-biological origin shall be counted towards member states’ shares of renewable energy and the targets referred to in articles 3(1) , 15a(1) , 22a(1) , 23(1) , 24(4) and 25(1) only if the greenhouse gas emissions savings from the use of those fuels are at least 70 %. ### 1. energy from renewable fuels of non-biological origin shall be counted towards member states’ shares of renewable energy and the targets referred to in articles 3(1) , 15a(1) , 22a(1) , 23(1) , 24(4) and 25(1) only if the greenhouse gas emissions savings from the use of those fuels are at least 60 %.


### 2. energy from recycled carbon fuels may be counted towards the greenhouse gas emissions reduction target referred to in article 25(1) , first subparagraph , point (a) , only if the greenhouse gas emissions savings from the use of those fuels are at least 70%. ### 2. energy from recycled carbon fuels may be counted towards the greenhouse gas emissions reduction target referred to in article 25(1) , first subparagraph , point (a) , only if the greenhouse gas emissions savings from the use of those fuels are at least 60%.


### with regard to the first subparagraph , point (a) , (b) , or (c) , gas and electricity from renewable sources shall be considered only once for the purposes of calculating the share of gross final consumption of energy from renewable sources. energy produced from renewable fuels of non-biological origin shall be accounted in the sector – electricity , heating and cooling or transport – where it is consumed. ### with regard to the first subparagraph , point (a) , (b) , or (c) , gas , electricity and hydrogen from renewable sources shall be considered only once for the purposes of calculating the share of gross final consumption of energy from renewable sources. energy produced from renewable fuels of non-biological origin shall be accounted in the sector – electricity , heating and cooling or transport – where it is consumed.


### with regard to the first subparagraph , point (a) , (b) , or (c) , gas and electricity from renewable sources shall be considered only once for the purposes of calculating the share of gross final consumption of energy from renewable sources. energy produced from renewable fuels of non-biological origin shall be accounted in the sector - electricity , heating and cooling or transport - where it is consumed. ### with regard to the first subparagraph , point (a) , (b) , or (c) , gas and electricity from renewable sources shall be considered only once for the purposes of calculating the share of gross final consumption of energy from renewable sources. energy produced from renewable fuels of non-biological origin shall be accounted in the sector - electricity , heating and cooling or transport - where it is consumed. when renewable fuels of non-biological origin are consumed by a member state different than the producing member state , a minimum level of energy shall be accounted in the member state where it is produced.


### the shares of advanced biofuels and biogas produced from the feedstock listed in part a of annex ix and of renewable fuels of non-biological origin supplied in the aviation and maritime modes shall be considered to be 1 ,2 times their energy content.; ### the shares of advanced biofuels and biogas produced from the feedstock listed in part a of annex ix and of renewable fuels of non-biological origin supplied in the aviation and maritime modes , including for voyages to or from third countries , shall be considered to be 2 times their energy content.’;


### the shares of advanced biofuels and biogas produced from the feedstock listed in part a of annex ix and of renewable fuels of non-biological origin supplied in the aviation and maritime modes shall be considered to be 1 ,2 times their energy content.; ### the shares of advanced biofuels and biogas produced from the feedstock listed in part a of annex ix shall be considered to be twice their energy content and the share of renewable fuels of non-biological origin supplied in the aviation and maritime modes shall be considered to be 1 ,2 times their energy content.;


### where electricity is used for the production of renewable fuels of non-biological origin , either directly or for the production of intermediate products , the average share of electricity from renewable sources in the country of production , as measured two years before the year in question , shall be used to determine the share of renewable energy.; ### where electricity is used for the production of renewable fuels of non-biological origin , either directly or for the production of intermediate products , the share of electricity from renewable sources in the country of production in the relevant hour as made available by transmission system operators in accordance with article 20a(1) shall be used to determine the share of renewable energy.;


### where electricity is used for the production of renewable fuels of non-biological origin , either directly or for the production of intermediate products , the average share of electricity from renewable sources in the country of production , as measured two years before the year in question , shall be used to determine the share of renewable energy.; ### where electricity is used for the production of renewable fuels of non-biological origin , either directly or for the production of intermediate products , the share of electricity from renewable sources in the country of production , in time intervals of no more than one hour as set out in article 20a of this directive shall be used to determine the share of renewable energy.;


### member states shall take measures to ensure that economic operators submit reliable information regarding the compliance with the sustainability and greenhouse gas emissions saving criteria laid down in articles 29(2) to (7) and (10) and 29a(1) and (2) , and that economic operators make available to the relevant member state , upon request , the data used to develop that information. ### member states shall take measures to ensure that economic operators submit reliable information regarding the compliance with the sustainability and greenhouse gas emissions saving criteria laid down in articles 29(2) to (7) and (10) and 29a(1) and (2) , and that economic operators make available to the relevant member state , upon request , the data used to develop that information. member states shall require economic operators to arrange for an adequate standard of independent auditing of the information submitted , and to provide evidence that this has been done. in order to comply with point (a) , (b) , and (d) of article 29 (3) , point (a) of article 29(4) , article 29 (5) , point (a) of article 29 8&) and point (a) of article 29(7) , the first or second party auditing may be used up to the first gathering point of the forest biomass. the auditing shall verify that the system used by economic operators are accurate , reliable and protected against fraud , including verification ensuring that materials are no internationally modified or discarded so that the consignment or part thereof could become a waste or residue. it shall evaluate the frequency and methodology of sampling and robustness of the data.


### member states shall take measures to ensure that economic operators submit reliable information regarding the compliance with the sustainability and greenhouse gas emissions saving criteria laid down in articles 29(2) to (7) and (10) and 29a(1) and (2) , and that economic operators make available to the relevant member state , upon request , the data used to develop that information. ### member states shall take measures to ensure that economic operators submit reliable information regarding the compliance with the sustainability and greenhouse gas emissions saving criteria laid down in articles 29(2) to (7) and (10) and 29a(1) and (2) , and that economic operators make available to the relevant member state , upon request , the data used to develop that information. member states shall require economic operators to arrange for an adequate standard of independent auditing of the information submitted , and to provide evidence that this has been done in order to comply with point (a) , (b) , and (d) of article 29 (3) , point (a) of article 29(4) , article 29 (5) , point (a) of article 29 8&) and point (a) of article 29(7) , the first or second party auditing may be used up to the first gathering point of the forest biomass. the auditing shall verify that the system used by economic operators are accurate , reliable and protected against fraud , including verification ensuring that materials are no internationally modified or discarded so that the consignment or part thereof could become a waste or residue. it shall evaluate the frequency and methodology of sampling and robustness of the data


### with a view to achieving the union's binding target for renewable energy in 2030 as referred to in article 3 of directive (eu) 2018/2001 , a contribution to that target in terms of the member state's share of energy from renewable sources in gross final consumption of energy in 2030 , with an indicative trajectory for that contribution from 2021 onwards. by 2022 , the indicative trajectory shall reach a reference point of at least 18 % of the total increase in the share of energy from renewable sources between that member state's binding 2020 national target and its contribution to the 2030 target. by 2025 , the indicative trajectory shall reach a reference point of at least 43 % of the total increase in the share of energy from renewable sources between that member state's binding 2020 national target and its contribution to the 2030 target. by 2027 , the indicative trajectory shall reach a reference point of at least 65 % of the total increase in the share of energy from renewable sources between that member state's binding 2020 national target and its contribution to the 2030 target. ### with a view to achieving the union's binding target for renewable energy in 2030 as referred to in article 3 of directive (eu) 2018/2001 , a contribution to that target in terms of the member state's share of energy from renewable sources in gross final consumption of energy in 2030 , with an indicative trajectory for that contribution from 2021 onwards. by 2022 , the indicative trajectory shall reach a reference point of at least 15 % of the total increase in the share of energy from renewable sources between that member state's binding 2020 national target and its contribution to the 2030 target. by 2025 , the indicative trajectory shall reach a reference point of at least 38 % of the total increase in the share of energy from renewable sources between that member state's binding 2020 national target and its contribution to the 2030 target. by 2027 , the indicative trajectory shall reach a reference point of at least 55 % of the total increase in the share of energy from renewable sources between that member state's binding 2020 national target and its contribution to the 2030 target.