### 17. acknowledges that around 2 % of the european cancer burden can be attributed to ionizing radiation and that indoor exposure to radon and its decay products is the second leading cause of lung cancer in europe; looks forward to the results of the euratom research and training programme17 , which will improve knowledge on exposure to radon , and the proposed countermeasures to reduce its accumulation in dwellings; encourages member states to regularly update their national plans to reduce exposure to radon , as requested in the directive on exposure to radioactive sources18 ; calls on the commission to introduce measures to protect workers exposed to ionising radiation such as airline crews , nuclear power plant workers and health professionals working in the radiology , radiotherapy or nuclear medicine sectors; ### 17. acknowledges that around 2 % of the european cancer burden can be attributed to ionizing radiation and that indoor exposure to radon and its decay products is the second leading cause of lung cancer in europe; looks forward to the results of the euratom research and training programme17 , which will improve knowledge on exposure to radon , and the proposed countermeasures to reduce its accumulation in dwellings; encourages member states to regularly update their national plans to reduce exposure to radon , as requested in the directive on exposure to radioactive sources18 and to enhance guidelines on radon mitigation for new constructions; calls on the commission to introduce measures to protect workers exposed to ionising radiation such as airline crews , nuclear power plant workers and health professionals working in the radiology , radiotherapy or nuclear medicine sectors;


### 18. sees the european green deal as a contributing factor in cancer prevention in europe , via the reduction of air , food , water and soil pollution and of chemical exposure; calls for an evaluation of the impact of policies on cancer incidence to be integrated into the farm to fork strategy and the chemical , zero pollution and non-toxic environment strategies; welcomes the upcoming revision of the eu’s air quality standards to align them with who guidelines; calls on the commission to ensure that the common agricultural policy reduces the intake of pesticide residues; encourages the use and development of medicines that are safer for the environment; ### 18. sees the european green deal as a critical instrument to enhance cancer prevention in europe , via the reduction of air , food , water and soil pollution and of chemical exposure; welcomes the efforts made in the farm to fork strategy to shift towards a more favourable food environment and encourage healthier diets; calls for an evaluation of the impact of policies on cancer incidence to be integrated into the farm to fork strategy and the chemical , zero pollution and non-toxic environment strategies; welcomes the upcoming revision of the eu’s air quality standards to align them with who guidelines and recalls that who recommendations for air pollutants should be adopted as an acceptable minimum; calls on the commission to ensure that the common agricultural policy reduces the intake of pesticide residues; encourages the research , use and development of medicines that are safer for the environment , also implementing efficient waste removal mechanisms , avoiding polluting the environment;


### 18. sees the european green deal as a contributing factor in cancer prevention in europe , via the reduction of air , food , water and soil pollution and of chemical exposure; calls for an evaluation of the impact of policies on cancer incidence to be integrated into the farm to fork strategy and the chemical , zero pollution and non-toxic environment strategies; welcomes the upcoming revision of the eu’s air quality standards to align them with who guidelines; calls on the commission to ensure that the common agricultural policy reduces the intake of pesticide residues; encourages the use and development of medicines that are safer for the environment; ### 18. sees the european green deal as a significant contributing factor in cancer prevention in europe , via the reduction of air , food , water and soil pollution and of chemical exposure; calls for an evaluation of the impact of policies on cancer incidence to be integrated into the farm to fork strategy and the chemicals strategy for sustainability , the zero pollution and non-toxic environment strategies and the farm to fork strategy; regrets that the zero pollution action plan does not commit to strictly align eu's air quality standard with who recommendations; calls on the commission to align eu's air quality standards with the latest who guidelines in the upcoming revision in 2022; calls on the commission to ensure that the common agricultural policy reduces the intake of pesticide residues for workers handling these products as well as for consumers; encourages the use and development of medicines that are safer for the environment in line with the objectives of the pharmaceutical strategy for europe;


### 18. sees the european green deal as a contributing factor in cancer prevention in europe , via the reduction of air , food , water and soil pollution and of chemical exposure; calls for an evaluation of the impact of policies on cancer incidence to be integrated into the farm to fork strategy and the chemical , zero pollution and non-toxic environment strategies; welcomes the upcoming revision of the eu’s air quality standards to align them with who guidelines; calls on the commission to ensure that the common agricultural policy reduces the intake of pesticide residues; encourages the use and development of medicines that are safer for the environment; ### 18. sees the european green deal as a contributing factor in cancer prevention in europe , via the reduction of air , food , water and soil pollution and of chemical exposure; calls for an evaluation of the impact of policies on cancer incidence to be integrated into all green deal strategies; welcomes the upcoming revision of the eu’s air quality standards to align them with who guidelines; calls on the commission to base every regulatory intervention on science-based , adequate cumulative impact assessments; calls on the commission to present regular reports on the findings regarding exceedances of import tolerance levels for plant protection products in imported products; encourages the use and development of medicines that follow the one health approach and help tackling the appearance of antimicrobial resistance;


### 18. sees the european green deal as a contributing factor in cancer prevention in europe , via the reduction of air , food , water and soil pollution and of chemical exposure; calls for an evaluation of the impact of policies on cancer incidence to be integrated into the farm to fork strategy and the chemical , zero pollution and non-toxic environment strategies; welcomes the upcoming revision of the eu’s air quality standards to align them with who guidelines; calls on the commission to ensure that the common agricultural policy reduces the intake of pesticide residues; encourages the use and development of medicines that are safer for the environment; ### 18. sees the european green deal as a contributing factor in cancer prevention in europe , via the reduction of air , food , water and soil pollution and of chemical exposure; calls for an evaluation of the impact of policies on cancer incidence to be integrated into the farm to fork strategy and the chemical , zero pollution and non-toxic environment strategies; welcomes the upcoming revision of the eu’s air quality standards to align them with who guidelines; calls on the commission to ensure that the common agricultural policy reduces the intake of pesticide residues; encourages the use and development of medicines that are safer for the environment; regrets that decontamination from asbestos in the eu is still not completed either in public or in private buildings , and urges the commission and member states to relaunch their efforts with appropriate measures and to set up an ambitious time goal for an asbestos-free europe;


### 20. calls for the registration , evaluation , authorisation and restriction of chemicals under the reach regulation21 to be conducted in association with the iarc assessments; calls on the commission to adopt effective guidance and legislation to reduce citizens’ exposure to carcinogenic substances; ### 20. calls for the registration , evaluation , authorisation and restriction of chemicals under all eu chemical legislation to be conducted in association with the iarc assessments; welcomes the commitment of the chemicals strategy for sustainability to extend the generic approach to risk management to ensure that consumer products do not contain chemicals that cause cancers , gene mutations , affect the reproductive or the endocrine system , or are persistent and bioaccumulative; calls on the commission to swiftly implement the measures planned in the chemicals strategy for sustainability to reduce citizens’ exposure to carcinogenic and endocrine disrupting substances through all exposure pathways; calls on the commission to give particular attention to segments of the population that are particularly vulnerable to hazardous chemicals (such as pregnant women and unborn children , workers in the chemical and agriculture industry); calls on the commission to better take into account those vulnerable populations in the risk assessments of chemicals; stresses that information to consumers on exposure pathways in their everyday life is key to strengthen prevention , welcomes in the regards the establishment of the 'substances of concern in products' (scip) database;


### 20. calls for the registration , evaluation , authorisation and restriction of chemicals under the reach regulation21 to be conducted in association with the iarc assessments; calls on the commission to adopt effective guidance and legislation to reduce citizens’ exposure to carcinogenic substances; ### 20. calls for the registration , evaluation , authorisation and restriction of chemicals under the reach regulation21 to be conducted in association with the iarc and the who assessments; calls on the commission to adopt effective guidance and legislation to reduce citizens’ exposure to carcinogenic substances; considers that research should be performed in order to improve the evaluation of substances by the european chemicals agency , for example , discussing the level of evidence needed to trigger mutagenicity/carcinogenicity studies; considers that the next review of the european code against cancer (ecac) will have to take into account the latest knowledge on environmental carcinogens; recommends that the revised ecac fully informs of the transmission risks for carcinogenic viruses , how to avoid exposure , the importance to get tested after exposure , and vaccination and treatment options;


### 21. considers that the next review of the european code against cancer (ecac) will have to take into account the latest knowledge on environmental carcinogens; calls for the regulation on food contact materials22 to be reviewed in order to reduce exposure to carcinogens and endocrine disruptors; ### 21. underlines that endocrine disruptors (eds) are present in food , food contact materials , cosmetics , consumer goods , toys , as well as drinking water and that exposure , even at low doses , can induce adverse effects in the short and long term , including cancer; highlights that given the widespread exposure of the eu population to many suspected and known eds and the fact that combined exposure to several eds acting on similar or different pathways can have cumulative effects , there is a need to minimize exposure to eds and to make eu regulation more consistent across sectors , and that a logic similar to that already in use for pesticides ('no human exposure') appears justified in sectors with likely human exposure; encourages further research in order to determine the capacity of suspected chemicals to act as endocrine disruptors; calls for the regulation on food contact materials22 , regulation on cosmetic products1a and the directive on toy safety2a to be reviewed in order to minimise exposure to carcinogens and endocrine disruptors;


### 21. considers that the next review of the european code against cancer (ecac) will have to take into account the latest knowledge on environmental carcinogens; calls for the regulation on food contact materials to be reviewed22 in order to reduce exposure to carcinogens and endocrine disruptors; ### 21. considers that the next review of the european code against cancer (ecac) will have to take into account the latest knowledge on environmental carcinogens; calls for the regulation on food contact materials to be regularly reviewed22 in order to reduce exposure to carcinogens and endocrine disruptors , so as to keep step with the development of new food packaging materials , trends and products;


### 21. considers that the next review of the european code against cancer (ecac) will have to take into account the latest knowledge on environmental carcinogens; calls for the regulation on food contact materials22 to be reviewed in order to reduce exposure to carcinogens and endocrine disruptors; ### 21. considers that the next review of the european code against cancer (ecac) will have to take into account the latest knowledge on all environmental carcinogens and should aim to give citizens information on ways to limit exposure to environmental carcinogens at work and at home;


### 22. recalls that exposure at work is responsible for at least 120 000 deaths from cancer each year in the eu; looks forward to the forthcoming new eu strategic framework on health and safety at work for the 2021-2027 period , the regular update of directive 2004/37/ec of 29 april 2004 on the protection of workers from the risks related to exposure to carcinogens or mutagens at work23 , and the addition of further binding occupational exposure limits within that directive; welcomes the commission’s commitment to presenting a legislative proposal to further reduce workers’ exposure to asbestos in 2022; asks member states to facilitate recognition of and compensation for proven work-related cancers; stresses the need to ensure the best possible general and individual protection measures for healthcare workers handling anti-cancer drugs; ### 22. recalls that exposure to dangerous substances at work is responsible for at least 120 000 deaths from cancer each year in the eu and that it can be difficult to establish a causal relationship between cancer cases and exposure to a specific chemical agent due to a latency period between the exposure and the onset of the disease that can last up to 50 years; underlines that around 60 carcinogenic substances or occupations with increased cancer risk have been identified by iarc/who , and that the vast majority appears preventable if regulated accordingly; welcomes the new eu strategic framework on health and safety at work for the 2021-2027 period , notably the 'vision zero' approach to work-related deaths as well as the planned stocktaking occupational health and safety summit in 2023 to evaluate progress towards 'vision zero'; calls for an ambitious update of directive 2004/37/ec of 29 april 2004 on the protection of workers from the risks related to exposure to carcinogens or mutagens at work23 through a systematic and recurring revision of existing exposure limits and addition of new substances with binding occupational exposure limits within that directive; reiterates calls for the inclusion of reprotoxic substances and hazardous medicinal products within the scope of the directive1b in order to ensure the best possible general and individual protection measures for workers and healthcare workers handling anti-cancer drugs; stresses the need for the commission to increase the capacity for reviewing occupational exposure limits and adding new substances , including through increased staffing in relevant units and authorities; welcomes the commitment by the commission1c to add endocrine disruptors as a category of substances of very high concern under regulation (ec) no 1907/2006 (reach regulation) as well as to classify them under regulation (ec) no 1272/2008 (clp regulation); in this regard , calls for endocrine disruptors to also be included in the directive 2004/37/ec on the protection of workers from the risks related to exposure to carcinogens or mutagens at work; stresses the need to take into account the role of multiple exposure in research and when designing policy including occupational exposure limit values (oels) implementation; welcomes the workers survey prepared by the european agency for safety and health at work (eu-osha) on exposure to cancer risk factors; encourages the constant analyses and research on new substances under suspicion of being carcinogenic , mutagenic and/or reprotoxic (cmrs) , the establishment of oels for those chemical agents for which they do not yet exist , and periodic revisions whenever this becomes necessary in the light of more recent scientific data; welcomes the commission’s commitment to presenting a legislative proposal to further reduce workers’ exposure to asbestos in 2022 which remains responsible for almost half of all occupational cancers in europe; calls as a matter of priority on the commission to update the exposure limit for asbestos to 0 ,001 fibres/cm3 (1 000 fibres/m3) , taking into account the existing recommendations from different stakeholders and after consulting the advisory committee for safety and health at work; stresses the need for a european framework directive for national asbestos removal strategies , including public asbestos registers; asks member states to facilitate recognition of and compensation for proven work-related cancers; highlights the need for further action to prevent , detect and better recognise occupational cancers related to night shift work;


### 22. recalls that exposure at work is responsible for at least 120 000 deaths from cancer each year in the eu; looks forward to the forthcoming new eu strategic framework on health and safety at work for the 2021-2027 period , the regular update of directive 2004/37/ec of 29 april 2004 on the protection of workers from the risks related to exposure to carcinogens or mutagens at work23 , and the addition of further binding occupational exposure limits within that directive; welcomes the commission’s commitment to presenting a legislative proposal to further reduce workers’ exposure to asbestos in 2022; asks member states to facilitate recognition of and compensation for proven work-related cancers; stresses the need to ensure the best possible general and individual protection measures for healthcare workers handling anti-cancer drugs; ### 22. recalls that exposure at work is responsible for at least 120 000 deaths from cancer each year in the eu; looks forward to the forthcoming new eu strategic framework on health and safety at work for the 2021-2027 period , the regular update of directive 2004/37/ec of 29 april 2004 on the protection of workers from the risks related to exposure to carcinogens or mutagens at work23 , and the addition of further binding occupational exposure limits (boels) within that directive; reiterates its demands formulated in the report of 25 march 2021 by its committee on employment and social affairs (a9-0114/2021)1a to go beyond the adoption of boels for additional substances in directive 2004/37/ec , in particular by including reprotoxic substances in the scope of the directive , that the directive should apply to workers who are exposed to hazardous medicinal products in the healthcare sectors , and to better take into account workers' exposure to a combination of substances; calls on the commission and member states to encourage more systematic human biomonitoring programmes both in occupational settings and non-occupational settings as a relevant source of information on general chemical exposure effects and health impacts; welcomes the commission’s commitment to presenting a legislative proposal to further reduce workers’ exposure to asbestos in 2022; asks member states to facilitate recognition of and compensation for proven work-related cancers;


### 22. recalls that exposure at work is responsible for at least 120 000 deaths from cancer each year in the eu; looks forward to the forthcoming new eu strategic framework on health and safety at work for the 2021-2027 period , the regular update of directive 2004/37/ec of 29 april 2004 on the protection of workers from the risks related to exposure to carcinogens or mutagens at work23 , and the addition of further binding occupational exposure limits within that directive; welcomes the commission’s commitment to presenting a legislative proposal to further reduce workers’ exposure to asbestos in 2022; asks member states to facilitate recognition of and compensation for proven work-related cancers; stresses the need to ensure the best possible general and individual protection measures for healthcare workers handling anti-cancer drugs; ### 22. recalls that exposure at work is responsible for at least 120 000 deaths from cancer each year in the eu; looks forward to the forthcoming new eu strategic framework on health and safety at work for the 2021-2027 period and the close and regular involvement of social partners and relevant stakeholders in this , the regular update of directive 2004/37/ec of 29 april 2004 on the protection of workers from the risks related to exposure to carcinogens or mutagens at work23 , and the addition of further binding occupational exposure limits within that directive; welcomes the commission’s commitment to presenting a legislative proposal to further reduce workers’ exposure to asbestos in 2022; asks member states to facilitate recognition of and compensation for proven work-related cancers; stresses the need to ensure the best possible general and individual protection measures for healthcare workers handling anti-cancer drugs;


### 23. encourages the commission and the member states to promote the prevention of cancers related to infectious diseases; recalls that human papillomavirus (hpv) is a sexually transmitted infection associated with uterine , cervical and oropharyngeal cancers; welcomes the vaccination programmes in the fight against hpv transmission; notes and regrets major discrepancies in vaccination coverage between member states , ranging from less than 30 % to more than 70 % (with the required level of population immunity being at 70 %); insists that a gender-neutral hpv vaccination programme be implemented in the member states to ensure the elimination of all hpv-related cancers; considers it important to draw up further recommendations to better implement these programmes; calls for more harmonisation of hpv and hepatitis b vaccination within member states’ national programmes , while ensuring the provision of information about and equal access to vaccination; supports further research into the most effective vaccination schedules against other carcinogenic viruses such as hepatitis c; calls for collaboration with member states and international organisations to combat the impact of misinformation on vaccination and address vaccine hesitancy; ### 23. encourages the commission and the member states to promote the prevention of cancers related to infectious diseases , representing approximately a 10% of all cancer cases worldwide and being largely preventable; recalls that helicobacter pylori is the most important infectious cause of cancer worldwide , mainly non-cardia gastric adenocarcinoma; calls for further research to define the most suitable and cost-effective treatment for helicobacter pylori infection , considering consequences of large-scale antibiotic use on human microbiome and increasing antibiotic resistance; recalls that human papillomavirus (hpv) is a sexually transmitted infection associated with cervical and oropharyngeal cancers , among others; welcomes the vaccination programmes in the fight against hpv transmission; notes and regrets major discrepancies in vaccination coverage between member states , ranging from less than 30 % to more than 70 % (with the required level of population immunity being at 70 %); insists that a gender-neutral and financed hpv vaccination programme be implemented in the member states to ensure the elimination of all hpv-related cancers; calls for improving the uptake of hpv vaccination in line with the who global strategy on the elimination of cervical cancer encompassing vaccination but also screening , access to treatment , and rehabilitation; highlights that the hpv vaccination programme should include also older people , even with previous exposure to hpv , as the vaccine has demonstrated clear benefits for that population too; urges that progress towards the goals of europe's beating cancer plan on hpv vaccination be reported within the cancer inequalities registry; recalls that hepatitis b virus (hbv) and hepatitis c virus (hcv) also contribute notably to new cases of cancer , mainly hepatocellular carcinoma; acknowledges that some hiv patients are at higher risk of developing cancers related to viral infections , such as hpv and hbv/hcv , and also kaposi’s sarcoma and non-hodgkin’s lymphoma , among others; calls for more harmonisation of the vaccination against hpv and hbv within member states’ national programmes , while ensuring the provision of information about and equal access to vaccination; supports further research for vaccine development against other viruses such as hcv and hiv; considers it important to implement the council recommendation of 7 december 2018 on strengthened cooperation against vaccine-preventable diseases (2018/c 466/01) to reduce immunization inequalities among vulnerable groups and improve childhood immunization; welcomes the commission's intention to propose a council recommendation on vaccine-preventable cancers; calls for collaboration with member states and international organisations to combat the impact of misinformation on vaccination and address vaccine hesitancy;


### 23. encourages the commission and the member states to promote the prevention of cancers related to infectious diseases; recalls that human papillomavirus (hpv) is a sexually transmitted infection associated with uterine , cervical and oropharyngeal cancers; welcomes the vaccination programmes in the fight against hpv transmission; notes and regrets major discrepancies in vaccination coverage between member states , ranging from less than 30 % to more than 70 % (with the required level of population immunity being at 70 %); insists that a gender-neutral hpv vaccination programme be implemented in the member states to ensure the elimination of all hpv-related cancers; considers it important to draw up further recommendations to better implement these programmes; calls for more harmonisation of hpv and hepatitis b vaccination within member states’ national programmes , while ensuring the provision of information about and equal access to vaccination; supports further research into the most effective vaccination schedules against other carcinogenic viruses such as hepatitis c; calls for collaboration with member states and international organisations to combat the impact of misinformation on vaccination and address vaccine hesitancy; ### 23. encourages the commission and the member states to promote the prevention of cancers related to infectious diseases; recalls that human papillomavirus (hpv) is a sexually transmitted infection associated to almost 5% of all cancers in women and men worldwide , these include cervical , anal , penile , vaginal , vulval and oropharyngeal cancers; welcomes the vaccination programmes in the fight against hpv transmission; notes and regrets major discrepancies in vaccination coverage between member states , ranging from less than 30 % to more than 70 % (with the required level of population immunity being at 70 %); insists that a gender-neutral hpv vaccination programme be implemented in the member states to ensure the elimination of all hpv-related cancers; insists that the eu goal for hpv vaccination for girls and boys be understood as 90% in both cases; considers it important to draw up further recommendations to better implement these programmes; urges that progress towards the goals of europe's beating cancer plan on hpv vaccination be reported within the cancer inequalities registry; recommends the development of a vaccine tracker tool available to public authorities across the eu on the basis of the experience of the european centre for disease control and prevention with the covid-19 vaccination; calls for more harmonisation of hpv and hepatitis b vaccination within member states’ national programmes , while ensuring the provision of information about and equal access to vaccination; supports further research into the most effective vaccination schedules against other carcinogenic viruses such as hepatitis c; calls for collaboration with member states and international organisations to combat the impact of misinformation on vaccination and address vaccine hesitancy;


### 24. recommends that breastfeeding be encouraged to limit the risk of breast cancer in women; ### 24. recommends that breastfeeding be encouraged so as to limit the risk of breast cancer in women based on informing and educating mothers on the benefits of breastfeeding;


### 25. points out that genetic predisposition to cancer linked to mutations of specific genes has been demonstrated; highlights that methods to detect these mutations are available , especially for breast and colorectal cancers , and may help to prevent or detect early-stage cancer; recommends investments in infrastructures and skills in genetic sequencing platforms and the training of specialised genetic counsellors; ### 25. points out that genetic predisposition to cancer linked to mutations of specific genes has been demonstrated; highlights that methods to detect these mutations are available , especially for breast , ovarian and colorectal cancers , and may help to prevent or detect early-stage cancer and guide treatment choices; recommends investments in infrastructures and skills in genetic sequencing platforms and the training of specialised genetic counsellors; calls on the commission to support research in genetics , to find genotypes with higher susceptibility to develop certain cancers; underlines that genetic predisposition is especially important in childhood cancers , as a disease that develops early in life with short exposure to external agents; calls for the recognition of the essential role of high quality surgery in the reduction of cancer risk in patients with hereditary susceptibility;


### 25. points out that genetic predisposition to cancer linked to mutations of specific genes has been demonstrated; highlights that methods to detect these mutations are available , especially for breast and colorectal cancers , and may help to prevent or detect early-stage cancer; recommends investments in infrastructures and skills in genetic sequencing platforms and the training of specialised genetic counsellors; ### 25. points out that genetic predisposition to cancer linked to mutations of specific genes has been demonstrated; highlights that methods to detect these mutations are available , especially for breast and colorectal cancers , and may help to prevent or detect early-stage cancer; recommends investments in infrastructures and skills in genetic sequencing platforms and the training of specialised genetic counsellors; calls for the recognition of the essential role of high quality surgery in the reduction of cancer risk in patients with hereditary susceptibility;


### 25. points out that genetic predisposition to cancer linked to mutations of specific genes has been demonstrated; highlights that methods to detect these mutations are available , especially for breast and colorectal cancers , and may help to prevent or detect early-stage cancer; recommends investments in infrastructures and skills in genetic sequencing platforms and the training of specialised genetic counsellors; ### 25. points out that genetic predisposition to cancer linked to mutations of specific genes has been demonstrated; highlights that methods to detect these mutations are available , especially for breast and colorectal cancers , and may help to prevent or detect early-stage cancer; recommends investments in infrastructures and skills in genetic sequencing platforms and the training of specialised genetic counsellors; recommends that early screening campaigns be launched , focusing especially on people living in remote areas or isolated from traditional screening centres;


### 25. points out that genetic predisposition to cancer linked to mutations of specific genes has been demonstrated; highlights that methods to detect these mutations are available , especially for breast and colorectal cancers , and may help to prevent or detect early-stage cancer; recommends investments in infrastructures and skills in genetic sequencing platforms and the training of specialised genetic counsellors; ### 25. points out that genetic predisposition to cancer linked to mutations of specific genes has been demonstrated; highlights that methods to detect these mutations are available , especially for breast , ovarian and colorectal cancers , and may help to prevent or detect early-stage cancer and guide treatment choices; recommends investments in infrastructures and skills in genetic sequencing platforms and the training of specialised genetic counsellors;


### 26. strongly supports the planned revision of the ecac and the launch of an eu mobile app for cancer prevention and care , as announced in europe’s beating cancer plan , in order to develop , share and implement best practices in cancer prevention and care programmes , with a focus on disadvantaged groups; stresses that the ecac should be systematically evaluated and that the evaluation work should be coordinated by the iarc; ### 26. strongly supports the planned revision of the ecac and the launch of an eu mobile app for cancer prevention and care , as announced in europe’s beating cancer plan , in order to develop , share and implement best practices in cancer prevention and care programmes , with a focus on disadvantaged groups; highlights that all the information should also be available in non-digital format to avoid the exclusion of certain populations; stresses that the ecac should be systematically evaluated and that the evaluation work should be coordinated by the iarc;


### 27. encourages the commission and the member states to promote health literacy as regards cancer risks and determinants , to develop educational tools for prevention and to support the creation of e-learning platforms and applications; considers cancer prevention to be a first step towards a european public health education policy; ### 27. encourages the commission and the member states to promote health literacy as regards cancer risks and determinants , to develop educational tools for prevention and to support the creation of e-learning platforms and applications; considers cancer prevention to be a first step towards a european public health education policy; notes the importance of increasing health literacy as regards carcinogenic substances at work and calls on the commission and member states to ensure employers provide the appropriate training;


### 28. calls for the creation of a virtual european cancer institute , which would be in charge of establishing a european roadmap to devise and coordinate large-scale prevention campaigns and effective communication campaigns on health promotion in educational programmes (harmless behaviours , healthy nutrition , physical activity etc.) with a special focus on young people and disadvantaged groups; ### 28. calls for the creation of a virtual european cancer institute , which would be in charge of establishing a european roadmap to devise and coordinate large-scale prevention campaigns and effective communication campaigns on health promotion in educational programmes (harmless behaviours , healthy nutrition , physical activity etc.) with a special focus on young people and disadvantaged groups; notes the importance of cooperating with national and local civil society organisations when developing the messaging of such campaigns;


### 29. underlines that tobacco and alcohol consumption , poor nutrition , a high body mass index and a sedentary lifestyle are risk factors common to other chronic diseases; believes , therefore , that cancer prevention has to be implemented in the context of an integrated chronic disease prevention programme , in close cooperation with the steering group on health promotion , disease prevention and management of non-communicable diseases; ### 29. underlines that tobacco and alcohol consumption , poor nutrition , a high body mass index and a sedentary lifestyle are risk factors common to other chronic diseases; in addition , unsafe sex contributes to the spread of carcinogenic viruses; believes , therefore , that cancer prevention has to be implemented in the context of an integrated chronic disease prevention programme , in close cooperation with the steering group on health promotion , disease prevention and management of non-communicable diseases; calls for a stocktaking prevention summit focussing on commercial determinants of cancer and other chronic diseases , gathering the eu institutions , member states , patient associations and civil society organisations active in the field of health;


### 29. underlines that tobacco and alcohol consumption , poor nutrition , a high body mass index and a sedentary lifestyle are risk factors common to other chronic diseases; believes , therefore , that cancer prevention has to be implemented in the context of an integrated chronic disease prevention programme , in close cooperation with the steering group on health promotion , disease prevention and management of non-communicable diseases; ### 29. underlines that tobacco and harmful use of alcohol , poor nutrition , a high body mass index and a sedentary lifestyle are risk factors common to other chronic diseases; believes , therefore , that cancer prevention has to be implemented in the context of an integrated chronic disease prevention programme , in close cooperation with the steering group on health promotion , disease prevention and management of non-communicable diseases;


### 29. underlines that tobacco and alcohol consumption , poor nutrition , a high body mass index and a sedentary lifestyle are risk factors common to other chronic diseases; believes , therefore , that cancer prevention has to be implemented in the context of an integrated chronic disease prevention programme , in close cooperation with the steering group on health promotion , disease prevention and management of non-communicable diseases; ### 29. underlines that tobacco and harmful alcohol consumption , poor nutrition , a high body mass index and a sedentary lifestyle are risk factors common to other chronic diseases; believes , therefore , that cancer prevention has to be implemented in the context of an integrated chronic disease prevention programme , in close cooperation with the steering group on health promotion , disease prevention and management of non-communicable diseases;


### 30. calls for the implementation of prevention programmes to be inclusive , by involving citizens , civil society and patient associations , especially through the conference on the future of europe; ### 30. calls for the implementation of prevention programmes to be inclusive , by involving citizens (including children and young people) , social partners , civil society and patient associations , especially through the conference on the future of europe;


### 31. deplores the frequent delays to cancer diagnosis related to a lack of information or adherence to cancer screening and detection processes; recognises the need to pay particular attention to the continuity of screening programmes and early detection in the context of a health crisis (such as the covid-19 crisis); ### 31. deplores the frequent delays to cancer diagnosis related to shortcomings of the healthcare system in delivering rapid diagnosis of symptomatic cancers , and to a lesser extent to quality issues in screening programs; recognises the need to pay particular attention to the continuity of screening programmes and early detection and cancer care services in the context of a health crisis (such as the covid-19 crisis) or in situations where the capacity of the healthcare systems decreases (such as summer holidays period); encourages the european commission and member states to organise , in partnership with cancer stakeholders , public health campaigns to address any delays in screening , early detection and care that a health crisis might cause;


### 31. deplores the frequent delays to cancer diagnosis related to a lack of information or adherence to cancer screening and detection processes; recognises the need to pay particular attention to the continuity of screening programmes and early detection in the context of a health crisis (such as the covid-19 crisis); ### 31. deplores the frequent delays to cancer diagnosis related to a lack of information or adherence to cancer screening , detection processes and cancer care services in general; recognises the need to pay particular attention to the continuity of screening programmes and early detection in the context of a health crisis (such as the covid-19 crisis);


### 32. notes that , for instance , only 18 member states reported that they had national or regional population-based screening programmes in place; regrets the inequalities between member states in access to breast cancer screening , which differs at least tenfold across the eu according to eurostat; ### 32. notes that , for instance , only 18 member states reported that they had national or regional population-based screening programmes in place; regrets the inequalities between member states in access to cancer screening , such as breast cancer screening , which differs at least tenfold across the eu according to eurostat;


### 33. invites member states to work together to reduce inequalities in cancer screening and early diagnosis services , especially in cross-border regions; ### 33. invites member states to work together to reduce inequalities in cancer screening and early diagnosis services , especially in cross-border regions and isolated areas , including mountain areas and urban areas remote from screening centres;


### 34. supports the launch of a new eu-supported cancer screening scheme , as announced in europe’s beating cancer plan , to help member states to ensure that 90 % of the eu population who qualify for breast , cervical and colorectal cancer screenings are offered screening by 2025; ### 34. supports the launch of a new eu-supported cancer screening scheme , as announced in europe’s beating cancer plan , to help member states to ensure that 90 % of the eu population who qualify for breast , cervical and colorectal cancer screenings are offered screening by 2025; urges regular reporting via the cancer inequalities registry towards the achievement of this goal;


### 35. encourages member states to promote cancer screening for breast , cervical and colorectal cancers as part of organised population-based national and regional programmes , including in the remote and outermost regions , and provide adequate resources; recommends that member states roll out programmes for early clinical detection of oral and skin cancers; ### 35. encourages member states to promote cancer screening for breast , cervical and colorectal cancers , with a special focus on high-risk groups based on the available evidence , as part of organised population-based national and regional programmes , including in the remote and outermost regions , and provide adequate resources; recommends that member states roll out programmes for awareness and early clinical detection of testicle , oral and skin cancers;


### 35. encourages member states to promote cancer screening for breast , cervical and colorectal cancers as part of organised population-based national and regional programmes , including in the remote and outermost regions , and provide adequate resources; recommends that member states roll out programmes for early clinical detection of oral and skin cancers; ### 35. encourages member states to promote cancer screening for breast , prostate , cervical and colorectal cancers as part of organised population-based national and regional programmes , including in the remote and outermost regions , and provide adequate resources; recommends that member states roll out programmes for early clinical detection of oral and skin cancers;


### 36. calls for the full implementation by member states of the european guidelines for quality assurance in cancer screening for breast , cervical and colorectal cancers and early detection services , to minimise the delay to diagnosis for such cancers; recommends that inequalities within member states regarding screening be addressed , possibly by making the criteria for cancer screening , as well as the legal frameworks , governance and quality assurance structures , more stringent; ### 36. calls on the commission and the member states for the full implementation of the european guidelines for quality assurance in cancer screening for breast , cervical and colorectal cancers , and early detection services to minimise the delay to diagnosis for such cancers; recommends that inequalities within member states regarding screening be addressed , possibly by making the criteria for cancer screening , as well as the legal frameworks , governance and quality assurance structures , more stringent; recommends to include dental professionals into the screening programmes who screen for oral cancers during routine dental visits or provide opportunistic screening;


### 36. calls for the full implementation by member states of the european guidelines for quality assurance in cancer screening for breast , cervical and colorectal cancers and early detection services , to minimise the delay to diagnosis for such cancers; recommends that inequalities within member states regarding screening be addressed , possibly by making the criteria for cancer screening , as well as the legal frameworks , governance and quality assurance structures , more stringent; ### 36. calls for the full implementation by member states of the european guidelines for quality assurance in cancer screening for breast , cervical and colorectal cancers and early detection services , to minimise the delay to diagnosis for such cancers; recommends that inequalities within member states regarding screening be addressed , possibly by making the criteria for cancer screening , as well as the legal frameworks , governance and quality assurance structures , more stringent and science-based;


### 38. welcomes the upcoming update of the 2003 council recommendation on breast , cervical and colorectal cancer screening24 to take into account new screening tests and the most recent data on the best screening protocols (magnetic resonance imaging , hpv testing); emphasises that those programmes should be regularly evaluated by the competent national authorities; calls for research efforts to be fostered in order to assess , in close cooperation with the iarc and the who , the possible inclusion of new science-based cancer screening programmes (including lung , prostate , stomach and ovarian cancers) in the recommendation; ### 38. welcomes the process initiated by the commission´s group of chief scientific advisors and the scientific advice mechanism on the upcoming update of the 2003 council recommendation on breast , cervical and colorectal cancer screening24 to take into account new screening tests and the most recent data on the best screening protocols (magnetic resonance imaging , hpv testing , low dose computer tomography , risk stratified approaches and risk calculators); emphasises that those programmes should be regularly evaluated by the competent national authorities; highlights the growing body of evidence that proves the health benefits and cost-effectiveness of targeted prostate cancer screening and encourages the council to include prostate cancer screening in the update of the council recommendations in 2022; calls for the development of eu guidelines , in close cooperation with the iarc and the who , healthcare professionals and patients , for the possible inclusion of new science-based cancer screening programmes (including lung , prostate , stomach , skin and ovarian cancers) in the recommendation;


### 38. welcomes the upcoming update of the 2003 council recommendation on breast , cervical and colorectal cancer screening24 to take into account new screening tests and the most recent data on the best screening protocols (magnetic resonance imaging , hpv testing); emphasises that those programmes should be regularly evaluated by the competent national authorities; calls for research efforts to be fostered in order to assess , in close cooperation with the iarc and the who , the possible inclusion of new science-based cancer screening programmes (including lung , prostate , stomach and ovarian cancers) in the recommendation; ### 38. welcomes the process initiated by the commission’s group of chief scientific advisors and the scientific advice mechanism on the upcoming update of the 2003 council recommendation on breast , cervical and colorectal cancer screening24 to take into account new screening programmes including lung , prostate and gastric cancers on the basis of the most recent data on the best screening protocols (magnetic resonance imaging , hpv testing , low dose computer tomography , risk stratified approaches and risk calculators); emphasises that those programmes should be regularly evaluated by the competent national authorities and the jrc cancer knowledge centre; calls for close cooperation with the iarc and the who , healthcare professionals and patient groups;


### 38. welcomes the upcoming update of the 2003 council recommendation on breast , cervical and colorectal cancer screening24 to take into account new screening tests and the most recent data on the best screening protocols (magnetic resonance imaging , hpv testing); emphasises that those programmes should be regularly evaluated by the competent national authorities; calls for research efforts to be fostered in order to assess , in close cooperation with the iarc and the who , the possible inclusion of new science-based cancer screening programmes (including lung , prostate , stomach and ovarian cancers) in the recommendation; ### 38. welcomes the process initiated by the commission’s group of chief scientific advisors and the scientific advice mechanism on the upcoming update of the 2003 council recommendation on breast , cervical and colorectal cancer screening24 to take into account new screening programmes including lung , prostate and gastric cancers on the basis of the most recent data on the best screening protocols (magnetic resonance imaging , hpv testing , low dose computer tomography , risk stratified approaches and risk calculators); emphasises that those programmes should be regularly evaluated by the competent national authorities; calls for research close cooperation with the iarc and the who , healthcare professional and patient groups;


### 38. welcomes the upcoming update of the 2003 council recommendation on breast , cervical and colorectal cancer screening24 to take into account new screening tests and the most recent data on the best screening protocols (magnetic resonance imaging , hpv testing); emphasises that those programmes should be regularly evaluated by the competent national authorities; calls for research efforts to be fostered in order to assess , in close cooperation with the iarc and the who , the possible inclusion of new science-based cancer screening programmes (including lung , prostate , stomach and ovarian cancers) in the recommendation; ### 38. welcomes the upcoming update of the 2003 council recommendation on breast , cervical and colorectal cancer screening24 to take into account new screening tests and the most recent data on the best screening protocols (magnetic resonance imaging , hpv testing; psa screening for prostate cancer);emphasises that those programmes should be regularly evaluated by the competent national authorities; calls for research efforts to be fostered in order to assess , in close cooperation with the iarc and the who , the possible inclusion of new science-based cancer screening programmes (including lung , prostate , stomach and ovarian cancers) in the recommendation;


### 40. stresses the importance of increasing the uptake of cancer screening and early detection among eu citizens through european awareness days , motivation surveys and better implementation of existing communication campaigns; ### 40. stresses the importance of increasing awareness about , and the uptake of , cancer screening and early detection among eu citizens , via a union-wide awareness campaign through european awareness days , motivation surveys and better implementation of existing communication campaigns; notes that such campaigns are particularly important in the case of lung cancer , the leading cause of cancer deaths; calls on the member states to implement actions to raise awareness in order to improve participation in screening , including direct notifications to eligible citizens; stresses the importance of detecting cancer at an early stage , when cancer surgery has a greater chance of cure;


### 40. stresses the importance of increasing the uptake of cancer screening and early detection among eu citizens through european awareness days , motivation surveys and better implementation of existing communication campaigns; ### 40. stresses the importance of increasing awareness about , and the uptake of , cancer screening , routine dental visits and early detection among eu citizens via a union-wide awareness campaign , european awareness days , motivation surveys and better implementation of existing communication campaigns; notes that such campaigns are particularly important for lung cancer , the leading cause of cancer death;


### 40. stresses the importance of increasing the uptake of cancer screening and early detection among eu citizens through european awareness days , motivation surveys and better implementation of existing communication campaigns; ### 40. stresses the importance of increasing awareness about , and the uptake of , cancer screening and early detection among eu citizens through a union-wide awareness campaign , european awareness days , motivation surveys and better implementation of existing communication campaigns;


### 41. calls for reinforced cooperation with third countries to encourage the organisation of screening campaigns , in particular for women’s cancers and notably in low- and middle-income countries; ### 41. calls for reinforced cooperation with third countries to encourage the organisation of screening campaigns , in particular for women’s cancers and notably in low- and middle-income countries; notes that attention should also be focused on cancers not covered by screening programmes , in which early detection can be achieved by fostering better awareness of cancer warning signs among citizens and healthcare professionals , such as skin or testicle cancer; calls on the commission to support projects to explore the barriers limiting the early detection and early diagnosis of cancer in europe;


### 41. calls for reinforced cooperation with third countries to encourage the organisation of screening campaigns , in particular for women’s cancers and notably in low- and middle-income countries; ### 41. calls for reinforced cooperation with third countries to encourage the organisation of screening campaigns , for both women’s and men’s cancers and notably in low- and middle-income countries;


### 42. deplores the fact that eu patients still face challenges in accessing healthcare services in other member states and that only a minority of patients are aware of their right to seek cross-border healthcare; emphasises the need for better implementation of , and an improved financial model for , the cross-border healthcare directive25 to allow for mobility and access to highly specialised equipment and care through the reinforcement of the national contact points (ncps) by providing them with more budgetary resources , and calls for an increase in the number of information campaigns on patients’ rights to cross-border healthcare; emphasises the need to facilitate the process , through the revision of the cross-border healthcare directive , for patients who travel abroad for clinical trials and face issues such as a lack of clarity on follow-up protocols after their return home and on coverage of costs related to their clinical trial participation by national insurance agencies; calls on the commission and the member states to work together to conduct regular evaluations of the commission’s ehealth strategy from 2018 to ensure interconnected electronic health records for cancer patients at regional , national and european level; ### 42. deplores the fact that eu patients still face challenges in accessing healthcare services and participating in clinical trials in other member states and that only a minority of patients and not all the healthcare professionals are aware of their right to seek cross-border healthcare; emphasises the need for better implementation of , and an improved financial model for , the cross-border healthcare directive25 to allow for mobility and access to highly specialised equipment and care through the reinforcement of the national contact points (ncps) by providing them with more budgetary resources , and calls for an increase in the number of information campaigns on patients’ rights to cross-border healthcare; emphasises the need to reduce logistic and linguistic barriers faced by patients when accessing healthcare in another eu member state; emphasises the need to provide patients with clear information on prior authorisation requirements that apply to certain member states; emphasises the need to facilitate the process , through the revision of the cross-border healthcare directive , for patients who travel abroad for clinical trials and face issues such as a lack of clarity on follow-up protocols after their return home and on coverage of costs related to their clinical trial participation by national insurance agencies; underlines that all costs related to the treatment should be financed before the beginning of the treatment , to avoid the exclusion of low-income patients; calls on the commission and the member states to work together to conduct regular evaluations of the commission’s ehealth strategy from 2018 to ensure interconnected electronic health records for cancer patients at regional , national and european level;


### 43. calls for consideration of mutual recognition of medical qualifications in cancer care across the eu; ### 43. calls for consideration of mutual recognition of health-related qualifications in cancer care across the eu and a common recognition scheme for non-eu countries;


### 43. calls for consideration of mutual recognition of medical qualifications in cancer care across the eu; ### 43. calls for consideration of mutual recognition of medical qualifications in cancer care across the eu , and of the development of upskilling programmes to enable those wishing to move into that field to do so at any point in their careers;


### 44. calls for full recognition of medical oncology as a specialist discipline , the establishment of pan-european quality standards for administering and supervising medical treatments for cancer , and the facilitation of patients’ access to cancer specialists so that they may benefit from innovations and access to early clinical trials on new promising drugs; ### 44. calls for full recognition of medical and paediatric oncology as specialist disciplines , the establishment of pan-european quality standards for administering and supervising medical treatments for cancer , and the facilitation of patients’ access to cancer specialists so that they may benefit from innovations and access to early clinical trials on new promising drugs;


### 45. calls for surgical skills in the eu to be strengthened via the recognition of surgical oncology as a specialist discipline , the establishment of pan-european quality standards for cancer surgery , the facilitation of patients’ access to ‘high-volume’ centres for cancer surgery and access to innovative surgical procedures; ### 45. calls for surgical skills in the eu to be strengthened via the recognition of surgical oncology as a specialist discipline , the establishment of pan-european quality standards for cancer surgery , the facilitation of patients’ access to ‘high-volume’ centres for cancer surgery and access to innovative surgical procedures; considers it necessary to promote the development of a core curriculum in surgical oncology and of an individual specialist training in surgical oncology , and calls for programs to harmonize surgical oncology education in the eu;


### 45. calls for surgical skills in the eu to be strengthened via the recognition of surgical oncology as a specialist discipline , the establishment of pan-european quality standards for cancer surgery , the facilitation of patients’ access to ‘high-volume’ centres for cancer surgery and access to innovative surgical procedures; ### 45. calls for surgical skills in the eu to be strengthened via the recognition of surgical oncology as a specialist discipline , the establishment of pan-european quality standards for cancer surgery , the facilitation of patients’ access to ‘high-volume’ centres for cancer surgery and access to innovative surgical procedures; promotes the development of a core curriculum in surgical oncology and of an individual specialist training in surgical oncology , and calls for programs to harmonize surgical oncology education in the eu;


### 46. supports the improvement of high-quality radiation therapy in the eu through the recognition of medical physics and radiation therapy as dedicated disciplines , the promotion of common education and training standards , and the greater investment of eu and national research and innovation funds in radiation therapy research; ### 46. supports the improvement of high-quality radiation therapy in the eu through the recognition of medical physics and radiation therapy as dedicated disciplines , the promotion of common education and training standards , and the greater investment of eu and national research and innovation funds in radiation therapy research; supports the improvement of high-quality medical isotopes for diagnostic and treatment in the eu through the affirmation of nuclear medicine as a fully independent medical specialty , the promotion of common education and training standards , and the greater investment of eu and national research and innovation funds in nuclear medicine research and equipment;


### 46. supports the improvement of high-quality radiation therapy in the eu through the recognition of medical physics and radiation therapy as dedicated disciplines , the promotion of common education and training standards , and the greater investment of eu and national research and innovation funds in radiation therapy research; ### 46. supports the improvement of high-quality radiation therapy in the eu through the recognition of medical physics and radiation therapy as dedicated disciplines , the promotion of common education and training standards , increased funding to expand radiation therapy infrastructure , and the greater investment of eu and national research and innovation funds in radiation therapy research;


### 47. welcomes the upcoming new action plan under the strategic agenda for medical ionising radiation applications (samira)26 which will support the security of supply of radioisotopes for cancer diagnosis and care and enhance the quality and safety of radiation technology in medicine; ### 47. welcomes the strategic agenda for medical ionising radiation applications (samira)26 , highlighting the importance of nuclear medicine to tackle cancer; calls for actions included into the samira action plan to be implemented as quickly as possible , to facilitate innovation and supply of medical applications of radioisotopes and aiming at the good integration of radioisotopes in the medical practice; stresses that the plan should address regulatory gaps faced by the nuclear medicine sector and support: the inclusion of innovative nuclear medicine treatments into national cancer plans , the development of national level capacities for the effective delivery of nuclear medicine and the pan-european implementation of common curricula for nuclear medicine;


### 48. calls on the commission to promote , and on member states to strengthen , the role of general practitioners , paediatricians and primary care professionals , given their importance in patient referral to diagnostic tests and oncology specialists , as well as during cancer treatment and follow-up care; calls for the development of multidisciplinary decision-making in the framework of dedicated concertation meetings bringing together various cancer specialists; ### 48. calls on the commission to promote , and on member states to strengthen , the role of general practitioners , paediatricians , primary care and oral health professionals and specialist physicians , given their importance in patient referral to diagnostic tests and oncology specialists , as well as during cancer treatment and follow-up care; calls for the development of multidisciplinary teams and decision-making in the framework of dedicated concertation meetings bringing together various cancer specialists; notes that such multidisciplinary care is of particular relevance in the context of lung cancer care as the disease has a complicated nature and requires a unique level of care coordination within a limited time; considers that respiratory physicians should thus have a leading role in the lung cancer multidisciplinary teams;


### 48. calls on the commission to promote , and on member states to strengthen , the role of general practitioners , paediatricians and primary care professionals , given their importance in patient referral to diagnostic tests and oncology specialists , as well as during cancer treatment and follow-up care; calls for the development of multidisciplinary decision-making in the framework of dedicated concertation meetings bringing together various cancer specialists; ### 48. calls on the commission to promote , and on member states to strengthen , the role of general practitioners , paediatricians , primary care professionals and specialist nurses , given their importance in patient referral to diagnostic tests and oncology specialists , as well as during cancer treatment and follow-up care , and to give them easy access to updated information related to cancer diagnosis; calls for the development of multidisciplinary decision-making in the framework of dedicated concertation meetings bringing together various cancer specialists and primary care professionals; underlines the importance of constantly training health professionals , including primary care doctors , nurses and hospital pharmacists , to keep them updated on new cancer treatment options;


### 48. calls on the commission to promote , and on member states to strengthen , the role of general practitioners , paediatricians and primary care professionals , given their importance in patient referral to diagnostic tests and oncology specialists , as well as during cancer treatment and follow-up care; calls for the development of multidisciplinary decision-making in the framework of dedicated concertation meetings bringing together various cancer specialists; ### 48. calls on the commission to promote , and on member states to strengthen , the role of general practitioners , specialist nurses , paediatricians and primary care professionals , given their importance in patient referral to diagnostic tests and oncology specialists , as well as during cancer treatment and follow-up care , in order to ensure access to the right treatment and care at the right time via an optimal care pathway; calls for the development of multidisciplinary decision-making in the framework of dedicated concertation meetings bringing together various cancer specialists;


### 48. calls on the commission to promote , and on member states to strengthen , the role of general practitioners , paediatricians and primary care professionals , given their importance in patient referral to diagnostic tests and oncology specialists , as well as during cancer treatment and follow-up care; calls for the development of multidisciplinary decision-making in the framework of dedicated concertation meetings bringing together various cancer specialists; ### 48. calls on the commission to promote , and on member states to strengthen , the role of general practitioners , paediatricians , specialist physicians and primary care professionals , given their importance in cancer prevention , early detection , patient referral to diagnostic tests and oncology specialists , as well as during cancer treatment and follow-up care; calls for the development of multidisciplinary decision-making in the framework of dedicated concertation meetings bringing together various cancer specialists;


### 49. considers that the eu regulatory framework for the recognition of professional qualifications should be broadened to allow for the standardisation of cancer nursing education; ### 49. considers that the eu regulatory framework for the recognition of professional qualifications should be broadened to allow for the mutual recognition of cancer nursing education;


### 49. considers that the eu regulatory framework for the recognition of professional qualifications should be broadened to allow for the standardisation of cancer nursing education; ### 49. considers that the eu regulatory framework for the recognition of professional qualifications should be broadened to allow for the standardisation of educational programmes on cancer nursing and of such nursing itself;


### 51. encourages , where possible and safe , the use of ambulatory cancer treatments in order to preserve the quality of life of patients; calls on member states to implement or improve e-health technologies and telemedicine services to ensure the continuity of cancer care; ### 51. encourages , where possible and safe , the use of ambulatory cancer treatments in order to preserve the quality of life of patients; stresses that the role of pharmacists , as professionals specialized in medicines , should be strengthened and that pharmacies could be used to dispense cancer treatments , where possible and safe , such as during the covid-19 pandemic; calls on member states to implement or improve e-health technologies and telemedicine services to ensure the continuity of cancer care; considers the need to stimulate ambulatory treatments for children provided that the relevant spaces/environments and medical devices available are designed in such a way as to cater for the needs of paediatric patients;


### 52. calls on the member states to provide optimal relief for advanced-stage cancer patients at the end of their lives in order to ease their pain and discomfort while preserving their dignity; supports more intensive exchanges and the implementation of best practices on hospice and palliative care at eu level; encourages member states to assess the number of palliative units in each region and to ensure sustainable funding and sufficient and well-trained human resources; ### 52. calls on the member states to provide optimal , complete and multidisciplinary relief for advanced-stage cancer patients at the end of their lives in order to ease their pain and discomfort while preserving their dignity; supports more intensive exchanges and the implementation of best practices on hospice and palliative care (also at home) at eu level; encourages member states to assess the number of palliative units in each region and to ensure sustainable funding and sufficient and well-trained human resources; emphasizes the need for reference networks for palliative care and their integration with cancer pathways at all levels , specialist hospital , primary care , hospice and territory-hospital integration;


### 53. encourages the commission and the member states to adopt specific quality assurance criteria (including adequate organisations , infrastructures and competences , multidisciplinary practice , continuing education for professionals , patient education and participation in clinical research) for accreditation standards to be applied to public and private hospitals treating cancer patients , in order to ensure the efficient , safe and equal management of cancers all over the eu; ### 53. encourages the commission and the member states to adopt specific quality assurance criteria (including adequate organisations , infrastructures and competences , multidisciplinary practice , continuing education for professionals , patient education and participation in clinical research) for accreditation standards to be applied to public and private hospitals treating cancer patients , in order to ensure the efficient , safe and equal management of cancers all over the eu; stresses the importance of standardized surgical oncology treatments to improve long term quality of life of cancer survivors;


### 54. welcomes the planned establishment , as announced in europe’s beating cancer plan , of an eu network linking recognised national comprehensive cancer centres (reference centres) in every member state to facilitate the uptake of quality-assured diagnosis and treatments , including training , research and promotion of clinical trials across the eu; calls on the commission to identify such existing centres within the eu , to promote the establishment of at least one comprehensive cancer centre in each member state and to support the coordination of the network of these centres via a european cancer institute; ### 54. welcomes the planned establishment , as announced in europe’s beating cancer plan , of an eu network linking recognised national comprehensive cancer centres (reference centres) in every member state to facilitate the uptake of quality-assured diagnosis and treatments , including training , research and promotion of clinical trials across the eu; calls on the commission to identify such existing centres within the eu , to promote the establishment of at least one comprehensive cancer centre in each member state and to support the coordination of the network of these centres via a european cancer institute; considers that , when developing this eu network , the commission should consider the need to invest in state-of-the-art equipment and recommends that a diversity of well-trained cancer specialties and medical disciplines (such as respiratory , nephrology , cardiology , gastroenterology , nuclear medicine , etc.) be involved from the start in the work of the envisioned eu network of national comprehensive cancer centres to reinforce multi-disciplinary collaboration , therefore improving outcomes for patients;


### 54. welcomes the planned establishment , as announced in europe’s beating cancer plan , of an eu network linking recognised national comprehensive cancer centres (reference centres) in every member state to facilitate the uptake of quality-assured diagnosis and treatments , including training , research and promotion of clinical trials across the eu; calls on the commission to identify such existing centres within the eu , to promote the establishment of at least one comprehensive cancer centre in each member state and to support the coordination of the network of these centres via a european cancer institute; ### 54. welcomes the planned establishment , as announced in europe’s beating cancer plan , of an eu network linking recognised national comprehensive cancer centres (reference centres) in every member state to facilitate the uptake of quality-assured diagnosis and treatments , including training , research and promotion of clinical trials across the eu; calls on the commission to identify such existing centres within the eu , to promote the establishment of at least one comprehensive cancer centre in each member state and to support the coordination of the network of these centres via a european cancer institute; considers that , within the plan , reference centres for paediatric cancers should be linked together and coordinated in a paediatric reference centres area; recommends that a diversity of cancer specialties and medical disciplines (such as respiratory , nephrology , cardiology , gastroenterology , etc.) be involved from the start in the work of the envisioned eu network of national comprehensive cancer centres to reinforce multi-disciplinary collaboration , therefore improving outcomes for patients; calls on the commission and the member states to support the sustainability of pre-existing cross-border collaborations;


### 56. calls on the commission to strengthen the european medicines market in order to guarantee equal access to treatment , reduce medicine shortages , overcome the problem of high prices for innovative treatments , and improve cancer treatments for adults and children; ### 56. calls on the commission to strengthen the european medicines market in order to guarantee equal access to treatment , reduce medicine shortages , overcome the problem of high prices for innovative treatments , and improve cancer treatments for adults and children; considers , in this respect , that market access for nuclear medicine applications should be harmonised across all member states;


### 57. calls on the commission to introduce in its pharmaceutical strategy a revision of directive 2001/83/ec of 6 november 2001 establishing a community code relating to medicinal products for human use27 ; ### 57. calls on the commission to introduce in its pharmaceutical strategy a revision of directive 2001/83/ec of 6 november 2001 establishing a community code relating to medicinal products for human use27; considers that , while recognising nuclear medicine as one of the most efficient ways to tackle the disease , the revision of the directive 2001/83/ec should recognise the particularities of nuclear medicine by addressing the challenges currently limiting the further deployment of innovation in the sector;


### 58. notes that cancer patients are frequently affected by medicine shortages; calls on the commission to present a specific strategy for managing shortages of all medicines and medical products in europe and of cancer medicines in particular; supports the development of a common basket of the cancer drugs of which there may be shortages to ensure that patients have continuous access to appropriate treatment; ### 58. notes that cancer patients are frequently affected by medicine shortages; calls on the commission to present a specific strategy for managing shortages of all medicines and medical products in europe and of cancer medicines in particular , including shortages of inexpensive essential cancer medicines; supports the development of a common basket of the cancer drugs of which there may be shortages to ensure that patients have continuous access to appropriate treatment; highlights also the enormous problems posed by medicines shortages in paediatrics from an ethical and fundamental rights perspective;


### 58. notes that cancer patients are frequently affected by medicine shortages; calls on the commission to present a specific strategy for managing shortages of all medicines and medical products in europe and of cancer medicines in particular; supports the development of a common basket of the cancer drugs of which there may be shortages to ensure that patients have continuous access to appropriate treatment; ### 58. notes that cancer patients are frequently affected by medicine shortages; calls on the commission to present a specific strategy for managing shortages of all medicines and medical products in europe and of cancer medicines in particular , including shortages of inexpensive essential cancer medicines; supports the development of a common basket of the cancer drugs of which there may be shortages to ensure that patients have continuous access to appropriate treatment;


### 59. calls for the reinforcement and diversification of the supply chain , in particular that of cancer drugs , within the eu , close monitoring of medicine tensions and shortages , and the creation of a strategic stockpile of such medicines; ### 59. calls for the reinforcement and diversification of the supply , in particular that of cancer drugs , within the eu , close monitoring of supply tensions and shortages , and the creation of a european stockpile of such medicines;


### 59. calls for the reinforcement and diversification of the supply chain , in particular that of cancer drugs , within the eu , close monitoring of medicine tensions and shortages , and the creation of a strategic stockpile of such medicines; ### 59. calls for the reinforcement and diversification of the supply chain , in particular that of cancer drugs , within the eu , close monitoring of medicine tensions and shortages , and the creation of a strategic stockpile of such medicines; stresses the importance of the role of sustainable procurement practices in preventing medicine shortages; calls on the commission to support member states in the prevention of shortages by developing eu guidelines on procurement of medicines , aimed at ensuring long-term sustainability , competition , security of supply and stimulating investments in manufacturing;


### 59. calls for the reinforcement and diversification of the supply chain , in particular that of cancer drugs , within the eu , close monitoring of medicine tensions and shortages , and the creation of a strategic stockpile of such medicines; ### 59. calls for the reinforcement and diversification of the supply chain , in particular that of cancer drugs , within the eu , close monitoring of medicine tensions and shortages , and the creation of a strategic stockpile of such medicines; calls , in this respect , for the necessary measures to develop a robust supply chain for nuclear medicine which goes beyond irradiation and includes the supply of target material and processing capabilities;


### 60. points out that generic and biosimilar medicines enable efficient and safe cancer care , increased competition and savings for healthcare systems , thus helping to improve access to medicines for patients; stresses that their market entry should not be hampered or delayed; ### 60. points out that generic and biosimilar medicines enable efficient and safe cancer care , increased competition and savings for healthcare systems , thus helping to improve access to medicines and other healthcare products and services for patients; calls for the introduction of a strategic objective in the europe's beating cancer plan as well as in the national cancer strategies to actively promote the use of off-patent medicines , where appropriate and beneficial for the patients; stresses that their market entry should not be hampered or delayed and calls for the entry to market at the day 1 after ip expires to provide life-saving oncological generic and biosimilar medicines to patients;


### 60. points out that generic and biosimilar medicines enable efficient and safe cancer care , increased competition and savings for healthcare systems , thus helping to improve access to medicines for patients; stresses that their market entry should not be hampered or delayed; ### 60. points out that generic and biosimilar medicines enable efficient and safe cancer care , increased competition and savings for healthcare systems , thus helping to improve access to medicines and other healthcare products and services for patients; calls for the introduction of a strategic objective in the europe's beating cancer plan as well as in the national cancer strategies to actively promote the use of off-patent medicines , where appropriate and beneficial for patients; stresses that their market entry should not be hampered or delayed and their development process should be promoted and funded;


### 61. considers that member states should converge on the evaluation of medical technologies; welcomes , therefore , the provisional agreement on the health technology assessment (hta) regulation reached by the european parliament and the council on 22 june 202128 to support harmonised access to innovative cancer diagnosis and treatments; ### 61. considers that member states should converge on the evaluation of medical technologies; welcomes , therefore , the provisional agreement on the health technology assessment (hta) regulation reached by the european parliament and the council on 22 june 202128 to support harmonised access to innovative cancer diagnosis and treatments; supports cancer medicines being used as a pilot to jointly assess medicines under the health technology assessment (hta) regulation; calls on the commission and member states to take further measures aimed at encouraging the uptake and use of joint clinical assessments that are to be carried out under the regulation; highlights the existence of tools being used by the world health organization (who) to incorporate cancer medicines on the who model list of essential medicines;


### 62. insists on the need to ensure equal access to affordable drugs , in particular cancer drugs , within the eu; calls for collective negotiation on the price of medicines with pharmaceutical industries , as per the beneluxa initiative on pharmaceutical policy and the valetta declaration; considers that pharmaceutical companies should respect conditionalities on charging an affordable price for medicines developed in the framework of publicly funded research; ### 62. recalls that all patients have the right to optimal treatment , regardless of their financial means , gender , age or nationality; notes with concern that there is a great disparity in the availability of and access to different cancer therapies , with unaffordability being one of the main reasons; insists therefore on the need to ensure equal access to affordable drugs , in particular cancer drugs , within the eu; calls for collective negotiation on the price of medicines with pharmaceutical industries , as per the beneluxa initiative on pharmaceutical policy and the valetta declaration; calls on the commission to make fair pricing and affordability of new treatments a core element of the europe’s beating cancer plan and the pharmaceutical strategy for europe , notably by attaching conditionalities to both national and european public funding (e.g. , horizon europe , innovative medicines initiative - imi) and ensure that public investment in r&d is accounted for and that medicines resulting from publicly funded research are available for a fair and affordable price; calls for more transparency throughout the pharmaceutical system , especially regarding pricing components , reimbursement criteria and the actual (net) prices of medicines in different european countries to ensure fairer prices and bring public accountability in the pharmaceutical sector;


### 62. insists on the need to ensure equal access to affordable drugs , in particular cancer drugs , within the eu; calls for collective negotiation on the price of medicines with pharmaceutical industries , as per the beneluxa initiative on pharmaceutical policy and the valetta declaration; considers that pharmaceutical companies should respect conditionalities on charging an affordable price for medicines developed in the framework of publicly funded research; ### 62. insists on the need to ensure affordable prices and equal access to drugs , in particular cancer drugs , within the eu , to avoid patients having their treatments delayed or incomplete; calls for collective negotiation on the price of medicines with pharmaceutical industries , as per the beneluxa initiative on pharmaceutical policy and the valetta declaration; considers that relevant public authorities should introduce conditionalities related to affordability , availability and access to medicines developed in the framework of publicly funded research; underlines that this should also be the case for medicines benefiting from specific regulatory or market protection such as medicines developed to treat rare or paediatric cancers;


### 62. insists on the need to ensure equal access to affordable drugs , in particular cancer drugs , within the eu; calls for collective negotiation on the price of medicines with pharmaceutical industries , as per the beneluxa initiative on pharmaceutical policy and the valetta declaration; considers that pharmaceutical companies should respect conditionalities on charging an affordable price for medicines developed in the framework of publicly funded research; ### 62. insists on the need to ensure equal access to affordable drugs , in particular cancer drugs , within the eu; calls for collective negotiation on the price of medicines with pharmaceutical industries , as per the beneluxa initiative on pharmaceutical policy and the valletta declaration , including the setting of price ceilings; considers that pharmaceutical companies should respect conditionalities on charging an affordable price for medicines developed in the framework of publicly funded research;


### 63. strongly advocates the extension of joint procurement procedures for cancer medicines to improve affordability and access to cancer treatments at eu level; ### 63. strongly advocates the extension of joint procurement procedures for diagnostics procedures as well as companion diagnostic tests and cancer medicines to improve affordability and access to cancer treatments at eu level; considers that special attention to paediatric and rare cancers should be given in this regard;


### 65. calls on the commission to submit a proposal for the revision of directive 89/105/eec on the transparency of measures regulating the prices of medicinal products30 in order to ensure effective controls and full transparency of the procedures used to determine the price and reimbursement of the cost of medicines , in particular cancer medicines , in member states; calls for pharmaceutical companies to provide information on financing with public resources , as well as on the tax benefits and subsidies they have received; requests that the calculation of drug costs should take into account the use of public funds; calls on the european medicines agency (ema) to increase the number of audits in order to assess pharmaceutical companies’ compliance with the requirements on transparency; ### 65. calls on the commission to submit a proposal for the revision of directive 89/105/eec on the transparency of measures regulating the prices of medicinal products30 in order to ensure effective controls and full transparency of the procedures used to determine the price and reimbursement of the cost of medicines , in particular cancer medicines , in member states; calls on competent authorities to request pharmaceutical companies to provide information on financing with public resources , prior to marketing authorization , as well as on the tax benefits and subsidies they have received; requests that the calculation of drug costs should take into account the use of public funds; calls on the european medicines agency (ema) to increase the number of audits in order to assess pharmaceutical companies’ compliance with the requirements on transparency;


### 65. calls on the commission to submit a proposal for the revision of directive 89/105/eec on the transparency of measures regulating the prices of medicinal products30 in order to ensure effective controls and full transparency of the procedures used to determine the price and reimbursement of the cost of medicines , in particular cancer medicines , in member states; calls for pharmaceutical companies to provide information on financing with public resources , as well as on the tax benefits and subsidies they have received; requests that the calculation of drug costs should take into account the use of public funds; calls on the european medicines agency (ema) to increase the number of audits in order to assess pharmaceutical companies’ compliance with the requirements on transparency; ### 65. calls on the commission to submit a proposal for the revision of directive 89/105/eec on the transparency of measures regulating the prices of medicinal products30 in order to ensure effective controls and full transparency of the procedures used to determine the price and reimbursement of the cost of medicines , in particular cancer medicines , in member states; calls for pharmaceutical companies to provide information on financing with public resources , as well as on the tax benefits and subsidies they have received , in order to prevent unjustified prices appearing; requests that the calculation of drug costs should take into account the use of public funds; calls on the european medicines agency (ema) to increase the number of audits in order to assess pharmaceutical companies’ compliance with the requirements on transparency;


### 66. notes that huge advances in biology have revealed that cancer is an umbrella term for more than 200 diseases , and that precision or personalised medicine can be made available through the drug targeting of various mutations; considers that precision or personalised medicine , consisting of a treatment choice based on individual tumour biomarkers , is a promising way to improve cancer treatment; encourages member states , therefore , to promote the implementation of regional molecular genetics platforms and facilitate equal and rapid access to personalised treatment for patients; ### 66. notes that huge advances in biology have revealed that cancer is an umbrella term for more than 200 diseases , and that precision or personalised medicine can be made available through the drug targeting of various mutations; considers that precision or personalised medicine , consisting of a treatment choice based on individual tumour biomarkers , is a promising way to improve cancer treatment; encourages member states , therefore , to promote the implementation of regional molecular genetics platforms and facilitate equal and rapid access to personalised treatment for patients; highlights the fact that the research community , including scientific societies , are conducting extensive research in the area of precision medicine; calls for the inclusion of existing and ongoing research , especially in the area of oncology , to be taken into account while implementing the actions of europe’s beating cancer plan focussing on personalised medicine , including the european cancer imaging initiative , the partnership on personalised medicine , the roadmap towards personalised prevention and the new digital platforms;


### 66. notes that huge advances in biology have revealed that cancer is an umbrella term for more than 200 diseases , and that precision or personalised medicine can be made available through the drug targeting of various mutations; considers that precision or personalised medicine , consisting of a treatment choice based on individual tumour biomarkers , is a promising way to improve cancer treatment; encourages member states , therefore , to promote the implementation of regional molecular genetics platforms and facilitate equal and rapid access to personalised treatment for patients; ### 66. notes that huge advances in biology have revealed that cancer is an umbrella term for more than 200 diseases , and that precision or personalised medicine can be made available through the drug targeting of various tumour cell genotypes/phenotypes; considers that precision or personalised medicine , consisting of a treatment choice based on individual tumour genotypes/phenotypes , is a promising way to improve cancer treatment; encourages member states , therefore , to promote the implementation of regional molecular genetics platforms and facilitate equal and rapid access to personalised treatment for patients; notes that the fragmentation and classification of cancers , based on specific genotypes , should not lead to the definition of "artificial rare diseases" to increase financial compensation;


### 67. calls for the full and rapid application of regulation (eu) no 536/2014 of 16 april 2014 on clinical trials on medicinal products for human use31 ; considers that the application of the regulation would facilitate the launch of large clinical trials carried out in a harmonised , efficient and coordinated manner at european level in order to facilitate research into cancer drugs and improve cancer patients’ and their families’ quality of life; ### 67. calls for the full and rapid application of regulation (eu) no 536/2014 of 16 april 2014 on clinical trials on medicinal products for human use31; considers that the application of the regulation would facilitate the launch of large clinical trials carried out in a harmonised , efficient and coordinated manner at european level in order to facilitate research into cancer drugs and improve cancer patients’ and their families’ quality of life; considers , furthermore , that the regulation should be applied in a consistent manner in all eu member states with the aim of rationalising the bureaucratic burden associated with clinical research;


### 67. calls for the full and rapid application of regulation (eu) no 536/2014 of 16 april 2014 on clinical trials on medicinal products for human use31 ; considers that the application of the regulation would facilitate the launch of large clinical trials carried out in a harmonised , efficient and coordinated manner at european level in order to facilitate research into cancer drugs and improve cancer patients’ and their families’ quality of life; ### 67. calls for the full and rapid application of regulation (eu) no 536/2014 of 16 april 2014 on clinical trials on medicinal products for human use31 ; considers that the application of the regulation would facilitate the launch of large clinical trials carried out in a harmonised , efficient and coordinated manner at european level in order to facilitate research into cancer drugs and improve cancer patients’ and their families’ quality of life; considers , furthermore , that the regulation should be implemented in a consistent manner in all eu member states;