### the types of financing and the methods of implementation under this decision shall be chosen on the basis of their ability to achieve the specific objectives of the actions and to deliver results , taking into account , in particular , the costs of controls , the administrative burden , and the expected risk of non - compliance . for grants , this shall include consideration of the use of lump sums , flat rates and scales of unit costs . ### the types of financing and the methods of implementation under this decision shall be chosen on the basis of their ability to achieve the specific objectives of the actions and to deliver results , taking into account , in particular , the costs of controls , the administrative burden , and the expected risk of non - compliance . for grants , which are the principal source of funding under the programme , this shall include consideration of the use of lump sums , flat rates and scales of unit costs .


### connecting and developing research infrastructures across the european research area ; ### connecting , developing and facilitating wide access to research infrastructures and science centers across the european research area


### actively disseminating and exploiting results , in particular for policy development ; ### disseminating research results , in particular for policy development , through the active involvement of the public ;


### reinforcing the link between research and innovation and other policies , including sustainable development goals ; ### reinforcing the link between research and innovation and other policies and global challenges , including sustainable development goals ;


### in accordance with article 9of regulation &#8230 ; fp / rfp regulation , the financial envelope for the implementation of the specific programme for the period 2021 to 2027 shall be eur 94 100 000 000 in current prices . ### in accordance with article 9of regulation &#8230 ; fp / rfp regulation , the financial envelope for the implementation of the specific programme for the period 2021 to 2027 shall be eur 120&#160 ; 000&#160 ; 000&#160 ; 000 in constant prices [ eur 135&#160 ; 248&#160 ; 000&#160 ; 000 in current prices ] .


### for each mission , a mission board may be established . it shall be composed of around 15 high level individuals including relevant end - users ' representatives . the mission board shall advise upon the following : ### for each mission , a mission board shall be established with the task of co - designing and implementation . it shall be composed of around 15 independent high - level individuals , including research experts in various fields and relevant end - users ' representatives . each mission committee shall be selected through a call for nominations or a call for expressions of interest . the mission board shall recommend and advise upon the following :


### communication . ### public engagement .


### the scientific council shall be composed of scientists , engineers and scholars of the highest repute and appropriate expertise , of both women and men in different age groups , ensuring a diversity of research areas and acting in their personal capacity , independent of extraneous interests . ### the scientific council shall be composed of scientists , engineers and scholars of the highest repute and appropriate expertise , of both women and men in different age groups , ensuring a diversity of research areas and disciplines and acting in their personal capacity , independent of extraneous interests .


### for the purpose of managing eic blended finance , the commission shall make use of indirect management , or where this is not possible , may establish a special purpose vehicle . the commission shall seek to ensure the participation of other public and private investors . where this is not possible at the initial set up , the special purpose vehicle will be structured in such a way that it can attract other public or private investors in order to increase the leverage effect of the union contribution . ### for the purpose of managing eic blended finance , the commission shall make use of indirect management by its executive agencies . the commission shall seek to ensure the participation of other public and private investors .


### the eic board may upon request address recommendations to the commission on : ### the eic board may upon request , and in coordination with the eit governing board , address recommendations to the commission on :


### the eic board shall be composed of 15 to 20 high level individuals drawn from various parts of europe ' s innovation ecosystem , including entrepreneurs , corporate leaders , investors and researchers . it shall contribute to outreach actions , with eic board members striving to enhance the prestige of the eic brand . ### the eic board shall be composed of 15 to 20 independent high level individuals drawn from various parts of europe ' s innovation ecosystem , namely the social innovation , including entrepreneurs , corporate representatives , investors , researchers and other relevant actors from cultural domains . it shall contribute to outreach actions , with eic board members striving to enhance the prestige of the eic brand .


### the eic board shall be composed of 15 to 20 high level individuals drawn from various parts of europe ' s innovation ecosystem , including entrepreneurs , corporate leaders , investors and researchers . it shall contribute to outreach actions , with eic board members striving to enhance the prestige of the eic brand . ### the eic board shall cover a balanced geographical and gender distribution and shall be composed of 28 high level individuals drawn from various parts of europe ' s innovation ecosystem , including entrepreneurs , corporate leaders , investors and researchers . it shall contribute to outreach actions , with eic board members striving to enhance the prestige of the eic brand .


### a code of conduct addressing , inter alia , the avoidance of conflict of interests shall be established by the commission . members of the eic board are expected to accept the code of conduct upon assuming office . ### a code of conduct addressing , inter alia , the avoidance of conflict of interests shall be established by the commission . members of the eic board are expected to accept the code of conduct upon assuming office , and shall be dismissed in case a conflict of interests arises .


### the commission will establish comprehensive measures for exploitation of horizon europe results and the knowledge produced . this will accelerate exploitation towards market uptake and boost the impact of the programme . ### the commission will establish comprehensive measures for exploitation of horizon europe results and the knowledge produced . this will accelerate exploitation towards market uptake and boost the impact of the programme . special attention shall be paid to new and emerging breakthrough innovations , e . g . funded through the european innovation council , and the scalability of such innovations .


### the implementation of horizon europe ' s programme - level objectives in an integrated manner will be ensured by multiannual strategic planning . such planning will provide the focus on impact for the programme overall and coherence between its different pillars , as well as synergy with other eu programmes and support to and from other eu policies . ### the implementation of horizon europe ' s programme - level objectives in an integrated manner will be ensured by inclusive and transparent multiannual strategic planning of research and innovation projects funded under the programme . such planning will provide the focus on priority funding objectives , the impact for the programme overall and coherence between its different pillars , as well as synergy with other eu programmes and support to and from other eu policies .


### greater impact will be obtained through aligning actions with other nations and regions of the world within an international cooperation effort of unprecedented scale . based on mutual benefit , partners from across the world will be invited to join eu efforts as an integral part of initiatives in support of eu action for sustainability , reinforced research and innovation excellence , and competitiveness . ### greater impact will be obtained through aligning actions with other nations and regions of the world , especially low and middle income countries , within an international cooperation effort of unprecedented scale , to develop a shared future based on sustainable development bringing together knowledge capacity and infrastructure to support actions on both sides . based on mutual benefit , partners from across the world , including research and education partners , industry , governments and ngos , will be invited to join eu efforts as an integral part of initiatives in support of eu action for poverty - eradication , sustainability , reinforced research and innovation excellence , and competitiveness . the international transfer of knowledge , capacity and infrastructure between the partners will drive shared approaches and regulation that will bring synergistic trading to all .


### the msca contribute to making the era more effective , competitive and attractive on a global scale . this can be achieved by focusing on a new generation of highly - skilled researchers and providing support for emerging talent from across the eu and beyond ; by fostering the diffusion and application of new knowledge and ideas to european policies , the economy and society , inter alia through improved science communication and public outreach measures ; by facilitating cooperation between research - performing organisations ; and by having a pronounced structuring impact on the era , advocating an open labour market and setting standards for quality training , attractive employment conditions and open recruitment for all researchers . ### the msca contribute to making the era more effective , competitive and attractive on a global scale . this can be achieved by focusing on a new generation of highly - skilled researchers and providing support for emerging talent from across the eu and beyond ; by fostering the diffusion and application of new knowledge and ideas to european policies , the economy and society , inter alia through improved science communication and public outreach measures ; by facilitating cooperation between research - performing organisations ; and by having a pronounced structuring impact on the era , advocating an open labour market , guaranteeing labor rights , and setting standards for quality training , attractive and non precarious employment conditions and open recruitment for all researchers .


### the eu needs a strong , resilient and creative human resource base , with the right combination of skills to match the future needs of the labour market , to innovate and to convert knowledge and ideas into products and services for economic and social benefit . this can be achieved through training researchers to further develop their core research competences as well as enhance their transferable skills such as a creative and entrepreneurial mindset . this will allow them to face current and future global challenges , and improve their career prospects and innovation potential . ### the eu needs a strong , resilient and creative human resource base , with the right combination of skills to match the future needs of the labour market , to innovate and to convert knowledge and ideas into products and services for scientific , economic and social benefit . this can be achieved through training researchers to further develop their core research competences as well as enhance their transferable skills such as a creative and entrepreneurial mindset . this will allow them to face current and future societal challenges , and improve their career prospects and innovation potential .


### –networks of pan eu , national and regional research infrastructures addressing global challenges for the provision of access to researchers as well as for the harmonisation and improvement of the infrastructures ' services ; ### –networks of pan eu , national and regional research infrastructures , including small and medium size research infrastructures , addressing global challenges for the provision of access to researchers as well as for the improvement of the infrastructures ' services ;


### ii ### iisocietal challenges and industrial competitiveness


### many of the challenges which confront the eu are also global challenges . the scale and complexity of the problems are vast , and need to be matched by the appropriate money , resources and effort in order to find solutions . these are precisely the areas where the eu must work together ; smart , flexible and joined - up for the benefit and well - being of our citizens . ### many of the challenges which confront the eu are also societal global challenges . the scale and complexity of the problems are vast , and need to be matched by the appropriate money , resources and effort in order to find solutions . these are precisely the areas where the eu must work together ; smart , flexible and joined - up for the benefit and well - being of our citizens .


### research and innovation under this pillar of horizon europe is grouped into integrated clusters of activities . rather than addressing sectors , the investments aim at systemic changes for our society and economy along a sustainability vector . these will only be achieved if all actors , both private and public , engage in co - designing and co - creating research and innovation ; bringing together end - users , scientists , technologists , producers , innovators , businesses , educators , citizens and civil society organisations . therefore , none of the thematic clusters is intended for only one set of actors . ### research and innovation under this pillar of horizon europe is grouped into integrated clusters of activities . rather than addressing sectors , the investments aim at systemic changes for our society and economy along a sustainability vector . these will only be achieved if all actors , both private and public , engage in co - designing and co - creating research and innovation ; bringing together end - users , scientists , technologists , producers , innovators , designers , businesses , educators , citizens and civil society organisations . therefore , none of the thematic clusters is intended for only one set of actors .


### there will be support to bring technology from lab to market and to develop applications including pilot lines and demonstrators , measures to stimulate market uptake and to boost private sector commitment . synergies with other programmes will be maximised . ### there will be support to bring technology from lab to market and to develop applications including pilot lines and demonstrators , measures to stimulate market uptake and to boost private sector commitment , not forgetting the role of design as a vector for user - centred innovation . synergies with other programmes will be maximised .


### health research and innovation research and innovation have played a significant part in this achievement but also in improving productivity and quality in the health and care industry . however , the eu continues to face novel , newly emerging or persisting challenges that are threatening its citizens and public health , the sustainability of its health care and social protection systems , as well as the competitiveness of its health and care industry . major health challenges in the eu include : the lack of effective health promotion and disease prevention ; the rise of non - communicable diseases ; the spread of antimicrobial drug resistance and the emergence of infectious epidemics ; increased environmental pollution ; the persistence of health inequalities among and within countries affecting disproportionally people that are disadvantaged or in vulnerable stages of life ; the detection , understanding , control , prevention and mitigation of health risks in a rapidly changing social , urban and natural environment ; the increasing costs for european health care systems and the progressive introduction of personalised medicine approaches and digitalisation in health and care ; and the increasing pressure on the european health and care industry to remain competitive in and by developing health innovation vis - a - vis new and emerging global players . ### health research and innovation research and innovation have played a significant part in this achievement but also in improving productivity and quality in the health and care industry . however , the eu continues to face novel , newly emerging or persisting challenges that are threatening its citizens and public health , the sustainability of its health care and social protection systems , as well as the competitiveness of its health and care industry . major health challenges in the eu include : the increased cases of cancer ; cardiovascular disease as the main cause of death in europe ; precision medicine ; the lack of effective health promotion and disease prevention ; the rise of non - communicable diseases ; the spread of antimicrobial drug resistance and the emergence of infectious epidemics ; increased environmental pollution ; the persistence of health inequalities among and within countries affecting disproportionally people that are disadvantaged or in vulnerable stages of life ; the detection , understanding , control , prevention and mitigation of health risks in a rapidly changing social , urban and natural environment ; the high prices of some innovative health tools and technologies ; increased interdependence of eu on other regions as a consequence of globalization calling for a global health approach ; the increasing costs for european health care systems and the progressive introduction of personalised medicine approaches and digitalisation in health and care ; and the increasing pressure on the european health and care industry to remain competitive in and by developing health innovation vis - a - vis new and emerging global players .


### these health challenges are complex , interlinked and global in nature and require multidisciplinary , cross - sectorial and transnational collaborations . research and innovation activities will build close linkages between discovery , clinical , epidemiological , environmental and socio - economic research as well as with regulatory sciences . they will harness the combined skills of academia and industry and foster their collaboration with health services , patients , policy - makers and citizens in order to leverage on public funding and ensure the uptake of results in clinical practice as well as in health care systems . they will foster strategic collaboration at eu and international level in order to pool the expertise , capacities and resources needed to create economies of scale , scope and speed as well as to share the expected benefits and financial risks involved . ### these health challenges are complex , interlinked and global in nature and require multidisciplinary , cross - sectorial and transnational collaborations . research and innovation activities will build close linkages between discovery , clinical , epidemiological , ethical , environmental and socio - economic research as well as with regulatory sciences . they will harness the combined skills of academia and industry and foster their collaboration with health services , patients , policy - makers and citizens in order to leverage on public funding and ensure the uptake of results in clinical practice as well as in health care systems . they will foster strategic collaboration at eu and international level in order to pool the expertise , capacities and resources needed to create economies of scale , scope and speed as well as to share the expected benefits and financial risks involved .


### the research and innovation activities of this global challenge will develop the knowledge base , build the research and innovation capacity and develop the solutions needed for a more effective promotion of health and the prevention , treatment and cure of diseases . improving health outcomes will in turn result in increased life expectancy , healthy active lives and productivity of working age people , and sustainability of health and care systems . ### the research and innovation activities of this societal challenge will develop the knowledge base , build the research and innovation capacity and develop the solutions needed for a more effective promotion of health and the prevention , treatment and cure of diseases . improving health outcomes will in turn result in increased life expectancy , healthy active lives and productivity of working age people , and sustainability of health and care systems .


### these health challenges are complex , interlinked and global in nature and require multidisciplinary , cross - sectorial and transnational collaborations . research and innovation activities will build close linkages between discovery , clinical , epidemiological , environmental and socio - economic research as well as with regulatory sciences . they will harness the combined skills of academia and industry and foster their collaboration with health services , patients , policy - makers and citizens in order to leverage on public funding and ensure the uptake of results in clinical practice as well as in health care systems . they will foster strategic collaboration at eu and international level in order to pool the expertise , capacities and resources needed to create economies of scale , scope and speed as well as to share the expected benefits and financial risks involved . ### these health challenges are complex , interlinked and global in nature and require multidisciplinary , cross - sectorial and transnational collaborations , including with low and middle income countries . research and innovation activities will build close linkages between discovery , clinical , epidemiological , environmental and socio - economic research as well as with regulatory sciences . they will harness the combined skills of academia , not - for - profit product developers and industry and foster their collaboration with health services , patients , policy - makers , civil society organisations and citizens in order to leverage on public funding and ensure the uptake of results in clinical practice as well as in health care systems . they will foster strategic collaboration at eu and international level in order to pool the expertise , capacities and resources needed to create economies of scale , scope and speed as well as to share the expected benefits and financial risks involved .


### health research and innovation research and innovation have played a significant part in this achievement but also in improving productivity and quality in the health and care industry . however , the eu continues to face novel , newly emerging or persisting challenges that are threatening its citizens and public health , the sustainability of its health care and social protection systems , as well as the competitiveness of its health and care industry . major health challenges in the eu include : the lack of effective health promotion and disease prevention ; the rise of non - communicable diseases ; the spread of antimicrobial drug resistance and the emergence of infectious epidemics ; increased environmental pollution ; the persistence of health inequalities among and within countries affecting disproportionally people that are disadvantaged or in vulnerable stages of life ; the detection , understanding , control , prevention and mitigation of health risks in a rapidly changing social , urban and natural environment ; the increasing costs for european health care systems and the progressive introduction of personalised medicine approaches and digitalisation in health and care ; and the increasing pressure on the european health and care industry to remain competitive in and by developing health innovation vis - a - vis new and emerging global players . ### health research and innovation research and innovation have played a significant part in this achievement but also in improving productivity and quality in the health and care industry . however , the eu continues to face novel , newly emerging or persisting challenges that are threatening its citizens and public health , the sustainability of its health care and social protection systems , as well as the competitiveness of its health and care industry . major health challenges in the eu include : the lack of effective health promotion and disease prevention ; the rise of non - communicable diseases ; the spread of antimicrobial drug resistance and the emergence of infectious epidemics ; increased environmental pollution ; the persistence of health inequalities among and within countries affecting disproportionally people that are disadvantaged or in vulnerable stages of life ; the earlier detection , understanding and control , prevention and mitigation at population level of health risks in a rapidly changing social , urban and natural environment ; the increasing costs for european health care systems and the progressive introduction of personalised medicine approaches and digitalisation in health and care ; the increasing pressure on the european health and care industry to remain competitive in and by developing health innovation vis - a - vis new and emerging global players ; and the increased interdependence of the union on other regions as a consequence of globalisation calling for a global health approach .


### people in vulnerable stages of life , including people with disabilities or injuries , have specific health needs that require better understanding and tailored solutions . this will allow reducing related health inequalities and improving health outcomes to the benefit of active and healthy ageing throughout the life course , in particular through a healthy start of life reducing the risk of mental and physical diseases later in life . ### people in vulnerable stages of life , including people with disabilities or injuries and other groups with special needs , have specific health needs that require better understanding and tailored solutions . this will allow reducing related health inequalities and improving health outcomes to the benefit of active and healthy ageing throughout the life course , in particular through a healthy start of life reducing the risk of mental and physical diseases later in life .


### people in vulnerable stages of life , including people with disabilities or injuries , have specific health needs that require better understanding and tailored solutions . this will allow reducing related health inequalities and improving health outcomes to the benefit of active and healthy ageing throughout the life course , in particular through a healthy start of life reducing the risk of mental and physical diseases later in life . ### people in vulnerable stages of life , including people with disabilities or injuries , have specific health needs that require better understanding and personalised solutions . this will allow reducing related health inequalities and improving health outcomes to the benefit of active and healthy ageing throughout the life course , in particular through a healthy start of life reducing the risk of mental and physical diseases later in life .


### people in vulnerable stages of life , including people with disabilities or injuries , have specific health needs that require better understanding and tailored solutions . this will allow reducing related health inequalities and improving health outcomes to the benefit of active and healthy ageing throughout the life course , in particular through a healthy start of life reducing the risk of mental and physical diseases later in life . ### people in vulnerable stages of life , especially people with disabilities or injuries , have specific health needs that require better understanding and tailored solutions . this will allow reducing related health inequalities and improving health outcomes to the benefit of active and healthy ageing throughout the life course , in particular through a healthy start of life reducing the risk of mental and physical diseases later in life .


### –diagnostics for earlier and more accurate diagnosis and for patient - adapted treatment ; ### –diagnostics for earlier and more accurate diagnosis and for patient - adapted treatment , with emphasis in diseases with major prevalence such as cancer and diabetes types i and ii ;


### protecting people against cross - border health threats is a major challenge for public health , calling for effective international cooperation at eu and global level . this will involve prevention , preparedness , early detection , treatment and cure of infectious diseases , and also tackling antimicrobial resistance following a ' one health approach ' . ### protecting people against communicable diseases , cross - border health threats and poverty - related and neglected diseases is a major challenge for public health , calling for effective international cooperation at eu and global level as well as coordination between union funding instruments in r&i and international development . this will involve developing tools for prevention , preparedness , early detection , treatment and cure of infectious diseases , and also tackling antimicrobial resistance a number of infectious diseases lack private sector r&i investment because of the lack of market incentives to invest in the prevention , treatment , and diagnosis of these often poverty - related diseases , calling for more ambitious public sector investment . especially complex and costly late stage clinical trials and supporting ethical and regulatory strengthening in developing countries require pooled european efforts .


### health technologies and tools are vital for public health and contributed to a large extent to the important improvements achieved in the quality of life , health and care of people , in the eu . it is thus a key strategic challenge to design , develop , deliver and implement suitable , trustable , safe , and cost - effective tools and technologies for health and care , taking due account of the needs of people with disabilities and the aging society . these include artificial intelligence and other digital technologies , offering significant improvements over existing ones , as well as stimulating a competitive and sustainable health - related industry that creates high - value jobs . the european health - related industry is one of the critical economic sectors in the eu , accounting for 3% of gdp and 1 . 5 million employees . ### health technologies and tools are vital for public health and contributed to a large extent to the important improvements achieved in the quality of life , health and care of people , in the eu . it is thus a key strategic challenge to design , develop , deliver and implement suitable , trustable , safe , and cost - effective tools and technologies for health and care , taking due account of the needs of people with disabilities and the aging society . these include artificial intelligence and other digital technologies , offering significant improvements over existing ones , as well as stimulating a competitive and sustainable health - related industry that creates high - value jobs .


### health technologies and tools are vital for public health and contributed to a large extent to the important improvements achieved in the quality of life , health and care of people , in the eu . it is thus a key strategic challenge to design , develop , deliver and implement suitable , trustable , safe , and cost - effective tools and technologies for health and care , taking due account of the needs of people with disabilities and the aging society . these include artificial intelligence and other digital technologies , offering significant improvements over existing ones , as well as stimulating a competitive and sustainable health - related industry that creates high - value jobs . the european health - related industry is one of the critical economic sectors in the eu , accounting for 3% of gdp and 1 . 5 million employees . ### health technologies and tools are vital for public health and contributed to a large extent to the important improvements achieved in the quality of life , health and care of people , in the eu . it is thus a key strategic challenge to design , develop , deliver and implement suitable , accessible , trustable , safe , and cost - effective tools and technologies for health and care , taking due account of the needs of people with disabilities and the aging society . these include artificial intelligence and other digital technologies , offering significant improvements over existing ones , as well as stimulating a competitive and sustainable health - related industry that creates high - value jobs . the european health - related industry is one of the critical economic sectors in the eu , accounting for 3% of gdp and 1 . 5 million employees .


### –improving timely health information and use of health data , including electronic health records , with due attention to security , privacy , interoperability , standards , comparability and integrity ; ### –improving timely health information and use of health data , including electronic health records , with due attention to security , privacy , interoperability , standards , comparability , integrity , ethic and equity ;


### 2 . 6 . health care systems ### 2 . 6 . person - centred and equitable health care systems


### research and innovation activities in this global challenge will be overall aligned with the commission ' s priorities on democratic change ; jobs , growth and investment ; justice and fundamental rights ; migration ; a deeper and fairer european monetary union ; digital single market . it will respond to the commitment of the rome agenda to work towards : ' a social europe ' and ' a union which preserves our cultural heritage and promotes cultural diversity ' . it will also support the european pillar of social rights , and the global compact for safe , orderly and regular migration . security research responds to the commitment of the rome agenda to work towards ' a safe and secure europe ' , contributing to a genuine and effective security union . synergies with the justice programme and with the rights and values programme , which support activities in the area of access to justice , victims ' rights , gender equality , non - discrimination , data protection and promotion of the european citizenship will be exploited . ### research and innovation activities in this societal challenge will be overall aligned with the commission ' s priorities on democratic change ; jobs , growth and investment ; justice and fundamental rights ; migration ; a deeper and fairer european monetary union ; digital single market . it will respond to the commitment of the rome agenda to work towards : ' a social europe ' and ' a union which preserves our cultural heritage and promotes cultural diversity ' . it will also support the european pillar of social rights , and the global compact for safe , orderly and regular migration .


### activities will contribute directly to the following sustainable development goals in particular : sdg 1 - no poverty ; sdg 4 - quality education ; sdg – decent work and economic growth ; sdg 9 – industry , innovation and infrastructure ; sdg 10 - reducing inequalities ; sdg 11 - sustainable cities and communities ; sdg 16 – peace , justice and strong institutions . ### activities will contribute directly to the following sustainable development goals in particular : sdg 1 - no poverty ; sdg 4 - quality education ; sdg 5 – gender equality ; sdg 8 – decent work and economic growth ; sdg 9 – industry , innovation and infrastructure ; sdg 10 - reducing inequalities ; sdg 11 - sustainable cities and communities ; sdg 16 – peace , justice and strong institutions .


### –innovative approaches to support the transparency , responsiveness , accountability effectiveness and legitimacy of democratic governance in full respect of fundamental rights and of the rule of law ; ### –innovative approaches to support the transparency , responsiveness , accountability effectiveness and legitimacy of democratic governance in full respect of fundamental and human rights and of the rule of law ;


### –influence of traditions , behavioural patterns , perceptions and beliefs on values and sense of belonging . ### –importance of pluralistic and diverse traditions , customs , perceptions and beliefs on values in the development of communities , promoting the active engagement and participation of all citizens through the share of multicultural knowledge and experiences .


### –modernisation of public authorities to meet citizens’ expectation regarding service provision , transparency , accessibility , openness , accountability and user centricity . ### –modernisation of public authorities and services to meet citizens’ expectations and needs regarding service provision , transparency , accessibility , openness , accountability and user centricity .


### –efficiency of justice systems and improved access to justice based on judiciary independence and rule of law principles , with fair , efficient and transparent procedural methods both in civil and criminal matters . ### –efficiency of justice systems and improved access to justice based on judiciary independence and rule of law principles , with fair , efficient , accessible , affordable and transparent procedural methods both in civil and criminal matters .


### to ensure industrial competitiveness and the capacity to address the global challenges ahead , the eu must reinforce and maintain its technological and industrial capacities in the key areas that underpin the transformation of our economy and society . ### to ensure industrial competitiveness and the capacity to address the societal challenges ahead , the eu must reinforce and maintain its technological and industrial capacities in the key areas that underpin the transformation of our economy and society .


### manufacturing is a key driver of employment and prosperity in the eu , producing over three quarters of the eu ' s global exports and providing over a 100 million direct and indirect jobs . the key challenge for eu manufacturing is to remain competitive at a global level with smarter and more customised products of high added value , produced at much lower energy costs . creative and cultural inputs will be vital to help generate added value . ### manufacturing is a key driver of employment and prosperity in the eu , producing over three quarters of the eu ' s global exports and providing over a 100 million direct and indirect jobs . the key challenge for eu manufacturing is to remain competitive at a global level with smarter and more customised products of high added value , produced in line with energy efficiency and environment sustainability and protection , boosting the use of renewable energy . creative , social and cultural inputs will be vital to help generate added value .


### –skills and workspaces fully adapted to the new technologies , in line with european social values ; ### –workspaces fully adapted to the new technologies , improving better working conditions , preventing occupational and working related diseases , boosting psychological and motivational wellbeing .


### –integrated materials processes and production following a customer - oriented and ethical approach , including pre - normative activities and life - cycle assessment , sourcing and management of raw materials , durability , reusability and recyclability , safety , risk assessment and management ; ### –integrated materials processes and production following a customer - oriented and ethical approach , including pre - normative activities and life - cycle assessment , sourcing and management of raw materials , including critical raw materials , durability , reusability and recyclability , safety , risk assessment and management . processes for separating biomaterials and improving resource efficiency ;


### making any object and device intelligent is one of the megatrends . researchers and innovators developing artificial intelligence and offering applications in robotics and other areas will be key drivers of future economic and productivity growth . many sectors including health , manufacturing , construction , and farming will use and further develop this key enabling technology , in other parts of the framework programme . developments must ensure the safety of ai - based applications , assess the risks and mitigate its potential for malicious use and unintended discrimination such as gender or racial bias . it must also be ensured that ai is developed within a framework which respects the eu ' s values and the charter of fundamental rights of the european union . ### making any object and device intelligent is one of the megatrends . researchers and innovators developing artificial intelligence and offering applications in robotics and other areas will be key drivers of future economic and productivity growth . many sectors including health , neural and language technologies , manufacturing , construction , and farming will use and further develop this key enabling technology , in other parts of the framework programme . developments must ensure the safety of ai - based applications , assess the risks and mitigate its potential for malicious use and unintended discrimination such as gender or racial bias . it must also be ensured that ai is developed within a framework which respects the eu ' s values and the charter of fundamental rights of the european union .


### making any object and device intelligent is one of the megatrends . researchers and innovators developing artificial intelligence and offering applications in robotics and other areas will be key drivers of future economic and productivity growth . many sectors including health , manufacturing , construction , and farming will use and further develop this key enabling technology , in other parts of the framework programme . developments must ensure the safety of ai - based applications , assess the risks and mitigate its potential for malicious use and unintended discrimination such as gender or racial bias . it must also be ensured that ai is developed within a framework which respects the eu ' s values and the charter of fundamental rights of the european union . ### making any object and device intelligent is one of the megatrends . researchers and innovators developing artificial intelligence and offering applications in robotics and other areas will be key drivers of future economic and productivity growth . many sectors including health , manufacturing , construction , fishing and farming will use and further develop this key enabling technology , in other parts of the framework programme . developments must ensure the safety of ai - based applications , assess the risks and mitigate its potential for malicious use and unintended discrimination such as gender or racial bias . it must also be ensured that ai is developed within a framework which respects the eu ' s values and the charter of fundamental rights of the european union .


### –developing and networking the research competences of ai competence centres across europe ; ### –developing and networking research competences and the competences of innovation centres specialising in ai across europe ;


### –next generation internet applications and services for consumers , industry and society building on trust , interoperability , better user control of data , transparent language access , new multi modal interaction concepts , inclusive and highly personalised access to objects , information and content , including immersive and trustworthy media , social media and social networking ; ### –next generation internet applications and services for consumers , industry and society building on trust , interoperability , interconnectivity , better user control of data , transparent language access , new multi modal interaction concepts , inclusive and highly personalised access to objects , information and content , including immersive and trustworthy media , social media and social networking ;


### –high performance computing : next generation of key exascale and post - exascale technologies and systems ; algorithms , codes and applications , and analytic tools and test - beds ; industrial pilot test - beds and services ; supporting research and innovation for a world - class hpc infrastructure , including the first hybrid hpc / quantum computing infrastructure in the eu ; ### –high performance computing : development of the next generation of key exascale and post - exascale technologies and systems ; algorithms , codes and applications , and analytic tools and test - beds ; industrial pilot test - beds and services ; supporting research and innovation for a world - class hpc infrastructure , business models for shared hpc infrastructures and services ;


### –big data : extreme - performance data analytics ; ' privacy by design ' in the analysis of personal and confidential big data ; technologies for full - scale data platforms for re - use of industrial , personal and open data ; data management , interoperability and linking tools ; data applications for global challenges ; ### –big data : extreme - performance data analytics ; ' privacy by design ' in the analysis of personal and confidential big data ; technologies for full - scale data platforms for re - use of industrial , personal and open data ; data management , interoperability and linking tools ; data applications for societal challenges ;


### –products for enhanced life - cycle performance , durability , upgradeability and ease of repair , dismantling and recycling ; ### –products for enhanced life - cycle performance , re - usability , repairability , upgradeability and ease of remanufacturing , dismantling and recycling ;


### transport ensures the mobility of people and goods necessary for an integrated european single market , territorial cohesion and an open and inclusive society . at the same time , transport has significant negative effects on human health , congestion , land , air quality and noise , as well as safety resulting in numerous premature deaths and increased socio - economic costs . therefore , sustainable mobility and transport networks need to become clean , safe , smart , secure , silent , reliable and affordable , offering a seamless integrated door - to - door service . ### transport ensures the mobility of the people and goods necessary for an integrated european single market for development , for territorial cohesion and an open and inclusive society . on the other hand , pollution from the transport sector has significant negative effects on human health , on congestion , on land , on air quality and noise , as well as on safety , resulting in numerous premature deaths and increased socio - economic costs . therefore , sustainable mobility and transport networks need to become clean , safe , accessible for all users and modes of transport , smart , secure , silent , reliable and affordable , offering a seamless integrated and interconnected door - to - door service .


### finding new ways to accelerate the deployment of clean technologies and solutions for the decarbonisation of the european economy requires also increased demand for innovation . this can be stimulated through the empowerment of citizens as well as socio - economic and public sector innovation and will lead to approaches broader than technology - driven innovation . socio - economic research covering inter alia user needs and patterns , foresight activities , environmental , economic , social and behavioural aspects , business cases and models and pre - normative research for standard setting , will also facilitate actions fostering regulatory , financing and social innovation , skills , as well as engagement and empowerment of market players and consumers . ### finding new ways to accelerate the deployment of clean technologies , transition towards renewable based energy system and solutions for the decarbonisation of the european economy also requires increased demand for innovation . this can be stimulated through the empowerment of citizens as well as socio - economic and public sector innovation and will lead to approaches broader than technology - driven innovation . socio - economic research covering , inter alia , the needs and patterns of all users , foresight activities , environmental , economic , social and behavioural aspects , business cases and models and pre - normative research for standard - setting , will also facilitate actions fostering regulatory , financing and social innovation , skills , as well as engagement and empowerment of market players and consumers and communities . in the transport sector , the role of applied research and trials aiming at market deployment of innovation is crucial


### transport ensures the mobility of people and goods necessary for an integrated european single market , territorial cohesion and an open and inclusive society . at the same time , transport has significant negative effects on human health , congestion , land , air quality and noise , as well as safety resulting in numerous premature deaths and increased socio - economic costs . therefore , sustainable mobility and transport networks need to become clean , safe , smart , secure , silent , reliable and affordable , offering a seamless integrated door - to - door service . ### transport ensures the mobility of people and goods necessary for an integrated european market , territorial cohesion and an open and inclusive society . at the same time , transport has significant negative effects on human health , congestion , land , air quality and noise , as well as safety resulting in numerous premature deaths and increased socio - economic costs . therefore , environment and economic sustainable mobility and efficient transport networks need to become clean , safe , smart , innovative , secure , silent , reliable and affordable , offering a seamless integrated door - to - door service .


### activities will contribute directly to the following sustainable development goals in particular : sdg 7 - affordable and clean energy ; sdg 9 - industry , innovation and infrastructure ; sdg 11 - sustainable cities and communities ; sdg 13 - climate action . ### activities will contribute directly to the following sustainable development goals in particular : sdg 3 - good health and well being , sdg 7 - affordable and clean energy ; sdg 9 - industry , innovation and infrastructure ; sdg 11 - sustainable cities and communities ; sdg 13 - climate action .


### –renewable energy technologies and solutions for power generation , heating and cooling , sustainable transport fuels and intermediate carriers , at various scales and development stages , adapted to geographic conditions and markets , both within the eu and worldwide ; ### –renewable energy technologies , including marine energy and its different sub - sectors and solutions for power generation , heating and cooling , sustainable transport fuels and intermediate carriers , at various scales and development stages , adapted to geographic conditions and markets , both within the eu and worldwide ;


### the expected growth of variable electricity production and shift towards more electric heating , cooling and transport dictates the need for new approaches to manage energy grids . next to decarbonisation , the goal is to ensure energy affordability , security and stability of supply , achieved through investments in innovative network infrastructure technologies and innovative system management . energy storage in different forms will play a key role in providing services to the grid , also improving and reinforcing network capacities . exploiting synergies between different networks and actors will be crucial for enabling the smart , integrated operation of the relevant infrastructures . ### the expected growth of variable electricity production and shift towards more electric heating , cooling and transport dictates the need for new approaches to manage energy grids and supports the decentralised solutions such as local energy communities and self - consumption . next to decarbonisation , the goal is to ensure energy affordability , security of supply , achieved through investments in innovative network infrastructure technologies and innovative system management . energy storage in different forms will play a key role in providing services to the grid , also improving and reinforcing network capacities . exploiting synergies between different networks and actors will be crucial for enabling the smart , integrated operation of the relevant infrastructures .


### it is estimated that by 2050 , more than 80% of the eu ' s population will live in urban areas , consuming the lion ' s share of available resources , including energy , and being areas particularly vulnerable to the adverse meteorological change impacts worsen by climate change and natural disasters already now and increasingly in the future . a key challenge is to significantly increase the overall energy and resource efficiency as well as climate - resilience of europe ' s cities in a holistic fashion , targeting the building stock , energy systems , mobility , climate change , as well as water , soil , air quality , waste and noise . synergies with erdf - funded urban policy and actions should be investigated and exploited . ### it is estimated that by 2050 , more than 80% of the eu’s population will live in urban areas , consuming the lion’s share of available resources , including energy ; these areas will furthermore be particularly vulnerable to the adverse effects of meteorological change , which are already worsening as a result of climate change and natural disasters , and will become increasingly bad in the future . a key challenge is to significantly increase the overall energy and resource efficiency as well as climate - resilience of europe’s cities in a holistic fashion , targeting the building stock , energy systems , mobility , climate change , as well as water , soil , air quality , waste and noise . synergies with erdf - funded urban policy and actions should be investigated and exploited . furthermore , special attention will need to be paid to the mobility and security of the remaining 20% of the eu population living in rural and remote areas , looking into the most efficient and effective strategies in the both the transport sector and the energy sector to ensure optimum security when it comes to logistics and energy .


### the shift towards clean technologies , connectivity and automation will depend on the timely design and manufacture of aircraft , vehicles and vessels integrating different technologies and accelerating their introduction . increasing comfort , efficiency , affordability , while minimising lifecycle impact on the environment , human health and on energy use remain objectives of paramount importance . innovative , highly capable transport infrastructure is essential for the proper functioning of all transport modes in view of increased mobility demand and rapidly changing technology regimes . an integrated approach to infrastructure and vehicle / vessel / aircraft development deserves particular attention also in order to minimise energy and environmental impact . ### the shift towards clean technologies , connectivity and automation will depend on the timely design and manufacture of aircraft , vehicles and vessels integrating different technologies and accelerating their introduction . increasing comfort , efficiency , affordability , while minimising lifecycle impact on the environment , human health and on energy use remain objectives of paramount importance . innovative , highly capable , interoperable , multimodal transport infrastructure is essential for the proper functioning of all transport modes in view of increased mobility demand and rapidly changing technology regimes . an integrated approach to infrastructure and vehicle / vessel / aircraft development deserves particular attention also in order to minimise energy and environmental impact .


### the shift towards clean technologies , connectivity and automation will depend on the timely design and manufacture of aircraft , vehicles and vessels integrating different technologies and accelerating their introduction . increasing comfort , efficiency , affordability , while minimising lifecycle impact on the environment , human health and on energy use remain objectives of paramount importance . innovative , highly capable transport infrastructure is essential for the proper functioning of all transport modes in view of increased mobility demand and rapidly changing technology regimes . an integrated approach to infrastructure and vehicle / vessel / aircraft development deserves particular attention also in order to minimise energy and environmental impact . ### the shift towards clean technologies , connectivity and automation will depend on the timely design and manufacture of aircraft , vehicles and vessels integrating different technologies and accelerating their introduction . increasing comfort , efficiency , affordability , while minimising lifecycle impact on the environment , human health and on energy use remain objectives of paramount importance . innovative , highly capable transport infrastructure , in particular rail , is essential for the proper functioning of all transport modes in view of increased mobility demand and rapidly changing technology regimes . an integrated approach to infrastructure and vehicle / vessel / aircraft development deserves particular attention also in order to minimise energy and environmental impact .


### –vehicle / vessel / aircraft concepts and designs , including their spare parts , using improved materials and structures , efficiency , energy storage and recovery , safety and security features with less environment and health impact . ### –vehicle / vessel / aircraft concepts and designs , as the shipyard 4 . 0 . , including their spare parts , using improved advanced materials and structures , advanced security systems against piracy and modular elements including the associated industrial processes , efficiency , energy storage and recovery , safety and security features with less environment and health impact


### –vehicle / vessel / aircraft concepts and designs , including their spare parts , using improved materials and structures , efficiency , energy storage and recovery , safety and security features with less environment and health impact . ### –vehicle / vessel / aircraft concepts and designs , including their spare parts , and software updates , using improved materials and structures , software solutions , efficiency , energy storage and recovery , safety and security features with less environment and health impact .


### smart mobility will help ensure the efficiency , safety and resilience of door - to - door mobility and all its components , in particular by using digital technologies , advanced satellite navigation , and artificial intelligence . new technologies will help to optimise the use and efficiency of transport infrastructure and networks , improving multi - modality and connectivity , optimising traffic management and enable innovative transport solutions and services , thus reducing congestion and negative environmental impacts , providing better mobility and logistics services for citizens and businesses . connected and automated mobility together with the enabling infrastructure will improve efficiency and safety in all transport modes . . ### smart mobility will help ensure the efficiency , safety and resilience of door - to - door mobility and all its components , in particular by using digital technologies , advanced satellite navigation , and artificial intelligence . new technologies will help to optimise the use and efficiency of transport infrastructure and networks , improving multi - modality and connectivity , optimising traffic management and enable innovative transport solutions and services that are accessible for users , particularly those with reduced mobility . this will make it possible to reduce congestion and negative environmental impacts , providing better mobility and logistics services for citizens and businesses . connected and automated mobility together with the enabling infrastructure will improve efficiency and safety in all transport modes .


### –rail technologies and operations for a high - capacity , silent , interoperable , and automated railway system ; ### –rail technologies and operations for a high - capacity , attractive , silent , interoperable , and automated railway system for passenger as well as freight transport requirements ;


### –connected , cooperative and automated mobility systems and services , including technological solutions and non - technological issues . ### –connected , interoperable , cooperative and automated mobility systems and services , including technological solutions and non - technological issues .


### –batteries and the eu value chain , including design , large - scale battery cell production technologies , reuse and recycling methods ; ### –batteries and the eu value chain , including design , sustainable supply of raw materials , large - scale battery cell production technologies , reuse and recycling methods ;


### meeting the goals of sustainable development , guaranteeing the production and consumption of safe and healthy food , promoting sustainable practices in agriculture , aquaculture , fisheries and forestry , ensuring access to clean water , soil and air for all , cleaning up the seas and oceans , preserving and restoring the planet’s vital natural systems and environment requires that we harness the potential of research and innovation . but the pathways for the transition to sustainability and ways to overcome resilient barriers are hardly understood . making the transition to sustainable consumption and production and restoring planetary health requires investing in technologies , new business models , and social and environmental innovation . this creates new opportunities for a sustainable , resilient , innovative and responsible european economy , boosting resource efficiency , productivity and competitiveness , and generating jobs and growth . ### meeting the goals of sustainable development , guaranteeing the production and consumption of safe and healthy food , promoting sustainable practices in agriculture , aquaculture , fisheries and forestry , ensuring access to clean water , soil and air for all , cleaning up the seas and oceans , preserving and restoring the planet’s vital natural systems and environment requires that we harness the potential of research and innovation . but the pathways for the transition to sustainability and ways to overcome resilient barriers are hardly understood . making the transition to sustainable consumption and production and restoring planetary health requires investing in technologies , new business models , and social and environmental innovation . this creates new opportunities for a sustainable , resilient , innovative and responsible european economy , boosting resource efficiency , productivity and competitiveness , and supporting the creation of quality jobs and sustainable economic and social growth .


### meeting the goals of sustainable development , guaranteeing the production and consumption of safe and healthy food , promoting sustainable practices in agriculture , aquaculture , fisheries and forestry , ensuring access to clean water , soil and air for all , cleaning up the seas and oceans , preserving and restoring the planet’s vital natural systems and environment requires that we harness the potential of research and innovation . but the pathways for the transition to sustainability and ways to overconme reslient barriers are hardly understood . making the transition to sustainable consumption and production and restoring planetary health requires investing in technologies , new business models , and social and environmental innovation . this creates new opportunities for a sustainable , resilient , innovative and responsible european economy , boosting resource efficiency , productivity and competitiveness , and generating jobs and growth . ### meeting the goals of sustainable development , guaranteeing the production and consumption of safe , nutritious and healthy food , promoting sustainable practices in agriculture , aquaculture , fisheries and forestry , promoting sustainable use of soil , ensuring access to clean water , fertile soil and clean air for all cleaning up the seas and oceans , preserving and restoring the planet’s vital natural systems and environment requires that we harness the potential of research and innovation . but the pathways for the transition to sustainability and ways to overcome resilient barriers are hardly understood . making the transition to sustainable consumption and production within the planet ' s boundaries and restoring planetary health requires identifying and gathering more and better quality data on the environmental impact of different policies investing in technologies , new business models , raw materials and socio - economic and environmental innovation . this creates new opportunities for a sustainable , resilient , innovative and responsible european economy , boosting resource efficiency , productivity and competitiveness , maintaining rural viability and generating jobs and growth .


### activities will build a knowledge base and deliver solutions to : sustainably manage and use natural resources from land and sea - and enhance the role of terrestrial and aquatic systems as carbon sinks ; ensure food and nutrition security , providing safe , healthy and nutritious diets ; accelerate the transition from a fossil - based linear economy to a resource efficient , resilient , low emission , low - carbon circular economy , and supporting the development of a sustainable bio - based economy and the blue economy ; and develop resilient and vibrant rural , coastal and urban areas . ### activities will build a knowledge base and deliver solutions to : sustainably manage and use natural resources from land and sea - and enhance the sustainable growth and use of terrestrial and aquatic systems as in order to increase carbon sequestration , storage and substitution ; ensure food and nutrition security , providing safe , healthy and nutritious diets ; accelerate the transition from a fossil - based linear economy to a resource efficient , resilient , low emission , low - carbon circular economy , and supporting the development of a sustainable bio - based economy and the blue economy ; and develop resilient and vibrant rural , coastal and urban areas .


### activities will build a knowledge base and deliver solutions to : sustainably manage and use natural resources from land and sea - and enhance the role of terrestrial and aquatic systems as carbon sinks ; ensure food and nutrition security , providing safe , healthy and nutritious diets ; accelerate the transition from a fossil - based linear economy to a resource efficient , resilient , low emission , low - carbon circular economy , and supporting the development of a sustainable bio - based economy and the blue economy ; and develop resilient and vibrant rural , coastal and urban areas . ### activities will build a knowledge base and deliver solutions to : ensuring that biodiversity is maintained in the face of growing demand on natural resources , sustainably manage and efficiently use natural resources from land and water - and enhance the role of terrestrial and aquatic systems to increase sustainable growth of biomass and thus carbon sequestration , storage and substitution ; ensure safe food and nutrition safety and security , providing safe , healthy and nutritious diets ; support food and farming systems in implementation of agro - ecological approaches to benefit sustainable agriculture ; support income diversification in rural areas ; accelerate the transition from a fossil - based linear economy to a resource efficient , resilient , low emission , low - carbon circular bio economy , and supporting the development of a sustainable bio - based economy and the blue economy ; and develop resilient and vibrant rural , coastal and urban areas .


### they will help to maintain and enhance the provision of biodiversity and secure the long - term provision of ecosystem services , climate adaptation and carbon sequestration . they will help reduce greenhouse gas and other emissions , waste and pollution from primary production , processing , consumption and other human activities . they will trigger investments , supporting the shift towards a circular economy , bioeconomy and blue economy , whilst protecting environmental health and integrity . ### they will help to maintain and enhance the provision of biodiversity and secure the long - term provision of ecosystem services , climate adaptation and carbon sequestration . they will help reduce greenhouse gas and other emissions , waste and pollution from primary production , processing , consumption and other human activities . they will trigger investments , supporting the shift towards a circular economy , bioeconomy and blue economy , whilst protecting environmental health , sustainability and integrity .


### as these challenges are complex , interlinked and global in nature , activities will follow a systemic approach , cooperating with member states and international partners , with other funding sources and with other policy initiatives . this will involve user - driven exploitation of environmental big data sources , such as those from copernicus , egnos / galileo , inspire , eosc , geoss , ceos , emodnet . ### as these challenges are complex , interlinked and global in nature , activities will also follow a systemic approach , cooperating with member states and international partners , with other funding sources and with other policy initiatives . this will involve user - driven exploitation of environmental big data sources , such as those from copernicus , egnos / galileo , inspire , eosc , geoss , ceos , emodnet .


### activities will contribute directly to the following sustainable development goals in particular : sdg 2 – zero hunger ; sd 6 - clean water and sanitation ; sdg 11 – sustainable cities and communities ; sdg 12 - responsible consumption and production ; sdg 13 – climate action ; sdg 14 – life below water ; sdg 15 - life on land . ### activities will contribute directly to the following sustainable development goals in particular : sdg 2 – zero hunger ; sd 6 - clean water and sanitation ; sdg 3 – good health and wellbeing ; sdg 11 – sustainable cities and communities ; sdg 12 - responsible consumption and production ; sdg 13 – climate action ; sdg 14 – life below water ; sdg 15 - life on land .


### –biodiversity status , ecosystem protection , climate mitigation and adaptation , food security , agriculture and forestry , land use and land use change , urban and peri - urban development , natural resources management , ocean exploitation and conservation , maritime security , and other relevant domains ; ### –biodiversity status , ecosystem protection , climate mitigation and adaptation , food security , agriculture and forestry , land use and land use change , rural , urban and peri - urban development , natural resources management , ocean exploitation and conservation , maritime security , and other relevant domains ;


### –user oriented applications including their scaling up , to contribute to the management of european natural resources and ecosystems services and their related value chain . ### –user oriented applications including their scaling up , to contribute to the management of european natural resources , including exploration of raw materials , and ecosystems services and their related value chain .


### resilient and sustainable farming and forestry systems provide economic , environmental and social benefits in a changing context for primary production . in addition to contributing to food and nutrition security , they feed into dynamic value chains , manage land and natural resources as well as deliver a range of vital public goods including carbon sequestration , biodiversity preservation , pollination and public health . integrated approaches are needed to promote the multiple functions of agro - and forest systems taking into account the changing context for primary production , notably in relation to climate and environment , resource availability , demography and consumption patterns . it is also necessary to address the spatial and socio - economic dimension of agriculture and forestry activities and mobilise the potential of rural areas . ### resilient and sustainable farming and forestry systems provide economic , environmental and social benefits in a changing context for primary production . in addition to ensuring food and nutrition security , they feed into dynamic value chains , manage land and natural resources as well as deliver a range of vital public goods including carbon sequestration , biodiversity preservation , pollination and public health . integrated approaches are needed to promote the multiple functions of agro - and forest systems taking into account objectives of the cap and the changing context for primary production , notably in relation to climate and environment , resource availability , competitiveness , demography and consumption patterns as well as new emerging pests and diseases . this presupposes acquiring a better scientific understanding of the impact of different farming systems on the preservation of biodiversity and ecosystems . it is also necessary to address the spatial and socio - economic dimension of agriculture and forestry activities and mobilise the potential of rural areas . farmers also need continued access to innovation , to new technology and to research in order to produce food in a sustainable way so that we can both feed the world and protect the environment for future generations . in addition , it is important to address the dynamism of the rural - urban interface in the context of the expanding cities versus farming / forestry landscapes , residence versus work place dynamism and liveable countryside .


### –innovations in farming at the interfaces between agriculture , aquaculture and forestry and in urban areas ; ### –innovations in farming at the interfaces between agriculture , aquaculture and forestry and in urban and rural areas ;


### –digital innovations in farming , forestry and across value chains and rural areas through the use of data and development of infrastructures , technologies and governance models ; ### –digital innovations in farming , forestry and across value chains and rural areas through the use of data and development of infrastructures , ai , robotics , technologies and governance models ;


### seas and oceans ' natural capital and ecosystem services offer significant socio - economic and welfare benefits . this potential is at risk because of the severe pressure from human and natural stressors such as pollution , overfishing , climate change , sea - level rise and extreme weather events . to prevent seas and oceans from reaching a point of no return , it is necessary to strengthen our knowledge and understanding in order to sustainably manage , protect and restore marine and coastal ecosystems and prevent marine pollution , in a context of an improved and responsible ocean governance framework . this will also include research to sustainably unlock the vast and unexploited economic potential of seas and oceans aiming at producing more food without increasing pressures on them , and also contribute to alleviate pressure on land , freshwater and ocean resources . there is a need for partnering approaches , including sea basin and macro - regional strategies , extending beyond the eu ; and for contributing to international ocean governance commitments , initiatives like the united nations decade of ocean science for sustainable development and commitments linked to the conservation of marine biological diversity in areas beyond national jurisdiction . ### seas , oceans ' and inland waters ' natural capital and ecosystem services offer significant socio - economic and welfare benefits . this potential is at risk because of the severe pressure from human and natural stressors such as pollution , overfishing , climate change , sea - level rise , other water - use and extreme weather events . to prevent seas and oceans from reaching a point of no return , it is necessary to strengthen our knowledge and understanding in order to sustainably manage , protect and restore marine and coastal ecosystems and prevent marine pollution , in a context of an improved and responsible ocean governance framework . this will also include research to sustainably unlock the vast and unexploited economic potential of seas , oceans and inland waters aiming at producing more food without increasing pressures on them , as well the potential of aquaculture in all forms , and also contribute to alleviate pressure on land , freshwater and ocean resources . there is a need for partnering approaches , including sea basin and macro - regional strategies , extending beyond the eu ; and for contributing to international ocean governance commitments , initiatives like the united nations decade of ocean science for sustainable development and commitments linked to the conservation of marine biological diversity in areas beyond national jurisdiction .


### seas and oceans ' natural capital and ecosystem services offer significant socio - economic and welfare benefits . this potential is at risk because of the severe pressure from human and natural stressors such as pollution , overfishing , climate change , sea - level rise and extreme weather events . to prevent seas and oceans from reaching a point of no return , it is necessary to strengthen our knowledge and understanding in order to sustainably manage , protect and restore marine and coastal ecosystems and prevent marine pollution , in a context of an improved and responsible ocean governance framework . this will also include research to sustainably unlock the vast and unexploited economic potential of seas and oceans aiming at producing more food without increasing pressures on them , and also contribute to alleviate pressure on land , freshwater and ocean resources . there is a need for partnering approaches , including sea basin and macro - regional strategies , extending beyond the eu ; and for contributing to international ocean governance commitments , initiatives like the united nations decade of ocean science for sustainable development and commitments linked to the conservation of marine biological diversity in areas beyond national jurisdiction . ### seas , oceans ' and fresh waters ' natural capital and ecosystem services offer significant socio - economic and welfare benefits . this potential is at risk because of the severe pressure from human and natural stressors such as pollution , nutrient leakage , overfishing , climate change , sea - level rise and extreme weather events . to prevent seas , oceans and fresh waters from reaching a point of no return and in order to promote the value chains of the blue economy , it is necessary to strengthen our knowledge and understanding in order to sustainably manage , protect and restore marine and coastal ecosystems and prevent marine pollution , in a context of an improved and responsible ocean governance framework . this will also include research to sustainably unlock the vast and unexploited economic potential of seas , oceans and fresh waters aiming at producing more food without increasing pressures on them , and also contribute to alleviate pressure on land , freshwater and ocean resources . there is a need for partnering approaches , including sea basins , fishing districts and macro - regional strategies , including those extending beyond the eu ; and for contributing to international ocean governance commitments , initiatives like the united nations decade of ocean science for sustainable development and commitments linked to the conservation of aquatic biological diversity in areas beyond national jurisdiction .


### –strengthened resilience of marine ecosystems thereby ensuring seas and ocean health , combating and mitigating the effects of natural and human pressures like pollution and plastics , eutrophication , acidification , seas and oceans warming , sea level rise , considering the intersection between land and sea and fostering a circular approach ; ### –strengthened resilience of marine ecosystems thereby ensuring seas and ocean health , combating and mitigating the effects of natural and human pressures like pollution and plastics , eutrophication , acidification , seas and oceans warming , sea level rise , considering the intersection between land and sea and fostering a circular approach ; study of deep - sea ecosystems ; assessment of marine biodiversity trends , of ecosystem processes and of ocean circulation ; seabed geology ; development of strategies , concepts and tools for the sustainable use of the marine environment and its natural capital .


### the combined effects of population growth , resource scarcity and overexploitation , environmental degradation , climate change and migration create unprecedented challenges which require food system transformation 20 . current food production and consumption are largely unsustainable while we are confronted with the double burden of malnutrition , characterised by the coexistence of undernutrition and obesity . future food systems need to deliver sufficient safe , healthy and quality food for all , underpinned by resource efficiency , sustainability , linking land and sea , reducing food waste , enhancing food production from the seas and oceans and encompassing the entire ' food value chain ' from producers to consumers – and back again . this needs to go hand in hand with development of the food safety system of the future and the design , development and delivery of tools , technologies and digital solutions that provide significant benefits for consumers and improve the competitiveness and sustainability of the food value chain . furthermore , there is a need to foster behavioural changes in food consumption and production patterns as well as to engage primary producers , industry , retailers , food service sectors , consumers , and public services . broad lines ________________ 20 swd 319 final : european research and innovation for food and nutrition security ### the combined effects of population growth , resource scarcity and overexploitation , environmental degradation , climate change and migration create unprecedented challenges which require food system transformation . 20 especially the food security and sustainable production of protein is a global challenge for which answers must be found . current food production and consumption patterns are to some extent unsustainable while we are confronted with the double burden of malnutrition , characterised by the coexistence of undernutrition and obesity . future food systems need to be resilient and aim at carbon neutrality and deliver sufficient safe , diverse , affordable , healthy and quality food for all , underpinned by resource efficiency , economic and environmental sustainability , linking land and aquatic environments , reducing and recycling food waste , enhancing food production from the seas and oceans and encompassing the entire ' food value chain ' from producers to consumers – and back again . this needs to go hand in hand with development of the food safety system of the future and the design , development and delivery of tools , technologies and digital solutions that provide significant benefits to all actors of the food chain and improve the competitiveness and sustainability of the food value chain . agricultural technologies can provide sustainable solutions across all farming systems . furthermore , there is a need to foster behavioural changes in food consumption and production patterns towards nutritious and healthy diets as well as to engage primary producers , industry , retailers , food service sectors , consumers , and public services . broad lines ________________ 20 swd 319 final : european research and innovation for food and nutrition security


### –sustainable and healthy diets for people ' s well - being across their lifespan ; ### –sustainable and healthy diets for people ' s well - being across their lifespan ensuring that food production and processing systems are designed from the ground up with nutritional needs in mind . ;


### –consumers ' behaviour , lifestyle and motivations , promoting social innovation and societal engagement for better health and environmental sustainability throughout the entire food value chain ; ### –consumers ' behaviour , lifestyle and motivations , promoting social innovation and societal engagement for better health and environmental sustainability throughout the entire food value chain ; in cooperation with other industries from travel and tourism .


### –consumers ' behaviour , lifestyle and motivations , promoting social innovation and societal engagement for better health and environmental sustainability throughout the entire food value chain ; ### –consumers ' behaviour , lifestyle and motivations , which should be analysed from a multidisciplinary perspective , promoting social innovation and societal engagement for better health and environmental sustainability throughout the entire food value chain ;


### –modern food safety and authenticity systems , enhancing consumer confidence in the food system ; ### –modern food traceability , safety , and authenticity systems , enhancing consumer confidence in the food system ;


### –environmentally sustainable , circular and resource efficient food systems from land and sea , towards zero food waste throughout the entire food system , through reuse of food and biomass , recycling of food waste , new food packaging , demand for tailored and local food ; ### –environmentally sustainable , circular and resource efficient food systems from land and sea , towards zero food waste throughout the entire food system , through reuse of food and biomass , recycling of food waste , new food packaging , including zero - plastic packaging , demand for tailored and local food ;


### –innovation and food systems for place - based innovation and empowerment of communities , fostering fair trade and pricing , inclusiveness and sustainability through partnerships between industry , local authorities , researchers and society . ### –innovation and food systems for place - based innovation and empowerment of communities , fostering fair food chains through fair trade and pricing , inclusiveness and sustainability , promoting partnerships among the various actors of the food chain and between primary production , industry , local authorities , researchers and society .


### bio - based innovation lays the foundations for the transition away from a fossil - based economy by encompassing the sustainable sourcing , industrial processing and conversion of biomass from land and sea into bio - based materials and products . it also capitalises on the potential of living resources , life sciences and industrial biotechnology for new discoveries , products and processes . bio - based innovation , including technologies , can bring new economic activities and employment to regions and cities , contribute to revitalising rural and coastal economies and strengthen the circularity of the bioeconomy . ### bio - based innovation lays the foundations for the transition away from a fossil - based economy by encompassing the sustainable sourcing , industrial processing and conversion of biomass from land and sea into bio - based materials and products . it also capitalises on the potential of living resources , life sciences , green and industrial biotechnology for new discoveries , products and processes . bio - based innovation , including technologies , can bring new economic activities and employment to regions and cities , contribute to revitalising rural and coastal economies and strengthen the circularity of the bioeconomy .


### –biotechnology , including cross sectoral cutting - edge biotechnology , for application in competitive , sustainable and novel industrial processes , environmental services and consumer products21 ; _________________ 21 health biotechnology applications will be addressed by the health cluster under this pillar . ### –biotechnology , including cross - sectoral cutting - edge biotechnology , for application in competitive , sustainable and novel farming or industrial processes , environmental services and consumer products21 ; _________________ 21 health biotechnology applications will be addressed by the health cluster under this pillar .


### –solutions for sustainable and regenerative development of cities , peri - urban areas and regions , integrating the circular economy transformation with nature - based solutions , technological , digital , social , cultural and territorial governance innovations ; ### –solutions for sustainable and regenerative development of cities , peri - urban and rural areas and regions , integrating the circular economy transformation with nature - based solutions , technological , digital , social , cultural and territorial governance innovations ;


### –eco - innovation for prevention and remediation of environmental pollution from hazardous substances and chemicals of emerging concern ; looking also at the interface between chemicals , products and waste ; ### –eco - innovation for prevention and remediation of environmental pollution from hazardous substances and chemicals of emerging concern ; looking also at the interface between chemicals , products and waste and at sustainable solutions for primary and secondary raw materials production ;


### the jrc will contribute to the specific eu policies and commitments addressed by the five global challenges clusters , notably the eu ' s commitment to the sustainable development goals . ### the jrc will contribute to the specific eu policies and commitments addressed by the six societal challenges clusters , notably the eu ' s commitment to the sustainable development goals .


### inclusive and secure society ### inclusive society - democracy - cultural heritage - social and economic transformations - gender


### inclusive and secure society ### secure society


### digital and industry ### digital - key digital technologies - artificial intelligence and robotics - next generation internet - advanced computing and big data


### –assessment of climate change and potential mitigation and adaptation measures for agricultural and fisheries policies , including food security ; ### –assessment of climate change and potential mitigation and adaptation measures for agricultural , fisheries and forestry policies , including food security ;


### –monitoring and forecasting of agricultural resources in eu and neighbourhood countries ; ### –monitoring and forecasting of agricultural and forestry resources in eu and neighbourhood countries ;


### like its predecessors , innovation is at the heart of horizon europe . the quest for new ideas , products and processes is driving horizon europe objectives and implementing modalities , from strategic programming to calls , and is present from the onset to the end of any project supported , from ' blue - sky ' research to industrial or technological roadmaps and missions . ### like its predecessors , innovation is at the heart of horizon europe . the quest for new ideas , products and processes is driving horizon europe objectives and implementing modalities , from strategic programming to calls , and is present from the onset to the end of any project supported , from ' blue - sky ' research to societal , environmental , industrial or technological roadmaps and missions .


### for europe to lead that new wave of breakthrough innovation , the following underlying challenges need to be met : ### for europe to lead that new wave of radical enabling , breakthrough , disruptive innovation , the following underlying challenges need to be met :


### based on these experiences , this pillar provides for the launch of the european innovation council , which will promote breakthrough innovation with rapid scale - up potential at global level and with dedicated types of actions and activities : ### based on these experiences , this pillar provides for the launch of the european innovation council , which will promote breakthrough innovation , as well as other types of innovation as incremental , social and non - technological , with rapid scale - up potential at global level and with dedicated types of actions and activities :


### –supporting the development of future and emerging breakthrough innovations ; ### –supporting the development of future and emerging innovations ;


### whilst the eic will directly support breakthrough innovations , the overall environment from which european innovations nurture and emerge must be further developed and enhanced : it must be a common european endeavour to support innovation all across europe , and in all dimensions and forms , including through complementary eu and national policies and resources whenever possible . hence , this pillar provides also for : ### whilst the eic will directly support innovations , the overall environment from which european innovations nurture and emerge must be further developed and enhanced : it must be a common european endeavour to support innovation all across europe , and in all dimensions and forms , including through complementary eu and national policies and resources whenever possible . hence , this pillar provides also for :


### –support to the european institute of innovation and technology and knowledge and innovation communities . ### –support to the european institute of innovation and technology and knowledge and innovation communities . the eit is europe’s largest integrated innovation ecosystem , with over 1 , 000 excellent partners from business , research and education and beyond . the eit’s innovation model , carried out by the kics , works and remains particularly relevant in removing barriers to innovation at member state and regional level . they shall also benefit from additional funding allowing efficient realisation of this goal .


### the objective of the eic is to identify , develop and deploy breakthrough and disruptive innovations , and support the rapid scale - up of innovative firms at eu and international levels along the pathway from ideas to market . ### the objective of the eic is to identify , develop and deploy from breakthrough and disruptive innovations to incremental and social innovations , and support the rapid scale - up of innovative firms at eu and international levels along the pathway from ideas to market .


### the eic will be implemented primarily through two complementary types of action , namely the pathfinder for advanced research , for the early stages of technology development , and the accelerator for innovation and market deployment actions , including the pre - mass commercialisation stages and company growth . with the idea to offer a single one - stop shop and a single process of support , the accelerator will also award blended finance , combining grants with equity investments . it will in addition also channel access to loans provided under the investeu programme . ### the eic will be implemented primarily through two complementary types of action , namely the pathfinder for advanced research , for the early stages of technology development , and the accelerator for innovation and market deployment actions , including the pre - mass commercialisation stages and company growth . the accelerator will provide business innovation grants for innovation development and demonstration purposes , of at least 70% of the total cost of the project . with the idea to offer a single one - stop shop and a single process of support , once the grant is being executed , the accelerator will offer the possibility of blended finance , combining the grants with equity investments . it will in addition also channel access to loans and guarantees provided under the investeu programme .


### –innovations that cut across different scientific , technological fields and sectors will be encouraged ; ### –innovations that cut across different scientific , technological and social fields and sectors will be encouraged ;


### in order to be fully open to broad - sweeping explorations , opportunities of serendipity and unexpected ideas , concepts and discoveries , the pathfinder will be mainly implemented through a continuous open call for bottom - up proposals . the pathfinder will also provide for competitive challenges to develop key strategic objectives24 calling for deep - tech and radical thinking . regrouping of selected projects into thematic or objective driven portfolios will allow establishing critical mass of efforts and structuring new multidisciplinary research communities . _________________ 24 these could include topics such as artificial intelligence , quantum technologies , biocontrol or second generation digital twins , or any other topics identified in the context of the horizon europe strategic programming . ### in order to be fully open to broad - sweeping explorations , opportunities of serendipity and unexpected ideas , concepts and discoveries , the pathfinder will be mainly implemented through a continuous open call for bottom - up proposals , with 4 cut - off per year for the proper management of the evaluation and competition . the pathfinder will also provide for competitive challenges to develop key strategic objectives24 calling for deep - tech and radical thinking . other types of innovation will be also covered by the pathfinder . regrouping of selected projects into thematic or objective driven portfolios will allow establishing critical mass of efforts and structuring new multidisciplinary research communities . _________________ 24 these could include topics such as artificial intelligence , quantum technologies , biocontrol or second generation digital twins , or any other topics identified in the context of the horizon europe strategic programming .