### work processes shall be designed so as not to produce asbestos dust or , if that proves impossible , to avoid the release of asbestos dust into the air; ### work processes shall be designed so as not to produce asbestos dust or , if that proves impossible , to avoid the release of asbestos dust into the air to a level as low as technically possible by implementing at least the following measures:


### fibre counting shall be carried out wherever possible by phase-contrast microscope (pcm) in accordance with the method recommended in 1997 by the world health organization (who) (2) or any other method giving equivalent results. ### "fibre counting shall be carried out by electron microscopy or any other method giving equivalent or better results. for the purposes of ensuring compliance with the measures on fibre counting referred to in this article , the commission shall support member states by providing appropriate technical guidance , including on the technical transition from phase-contrast microscopy to electron microscopy , and information on relevant union funds which can be used to support that transition."


### employers shall ensure that no worker is exposed to an airborne concentration of asbestos in excess of 0.01 fibres per cm³ as an 8-hour time-weighted average (twa). ### employers shall ensure that no worker is exposed to an airborne concentration of asbestos in excess of 0 ,001 fibres per cm3 (1.000 fibres per m3) as an 8-hour time-weighted average.


### before beginning demolition or maintenance work , employers shall take , if appropriate by obtaining information from the owners of the premises as well as from other sources of information , including relevant registers , all necessary steps to identify presumed asbestos-containing materials. ### before beginning demolition or maintenance work or renovation works on premises built before the year in which the national asbestos ban entered into force , the employer shall commission a screening to identify the asbestos-containing materials likely to be affected by the work. the premises shall be screened to identify all asbestos-containing materials , in accordance with the requirements of part 6 of annex xvii to regulation (ec) no 1907/2006 and annex i to regulation (eu) no 305/2011. the screening shall be conducted by a qualified and certified operator or authority , taking into account articles 14 and 15 of this directive , and the national building law provisions. such screening shall , where available , be based on information from public asbestos registries. this shall by no means replace the employers’ duty to carry out a comprehensive risk assessment.


### b. whereas the epsr was proclaimed in 2017 in goteborg , setting out 20 principles and establishing a social rulebook towards a strong social europe that is fair , inclusive and full of opportunity in the 21st century; whereas at the porto social summit in may 2021 , the council committed to three headline targets for 2030 on employment , training and poverty; whereas at least 78 % of the population between 20 and 64 years old should be in employment by 2030; whereas at least 60 % of all adults should participate in training every year; whereas the number of people at risk of poverty or social exclusion should be reduced by at least 15 million by 2030; whereas the three headline targets do not cover the full implementation of the epsr; ### b. whereas the epsr was proclaimed in 2017 in goteborg , setting out 20 principles and establishing a social rulebook towards a strong social europe that is fair , inclusive and full of opportunity in the 21st century; whereas at the porto social summit in may 2021 , the council committed to three headline targets for 2030 on employment , training and poverty; whereas at least 78 % of the population between 20 and 64 years old should be in employment by 2030; whereas at least 60 % of all adults should participate in training every year; whereas the number of people at risk of poverty or social exclusion should be reduced by at least 15 million by 2030 , including at least 5 million children; whereas the three headline targets do not cover the full implementation of the epsr;


### b. whereas the epsr was proclaimed in 2017 in goteborg , setting out 20 principles and establishing a social rulebook towards a strong social europe that is fair , inclusive and full of opportunity in the 21st century; whereas at the porto social summit in may 2021 , the council committed to three headline targets for 2030 on employment , training and poverty; whereas at least 78 % of the population between 20 and 64 years old should be in employment by 2030; whereas at least 60 % of all adults should participate in training every year; whereas the number of people at risk of poverty or social exclusion should be reduced by at least 15 million by 2030; whereas the three headline targets do not cover the full implementation of the epsr; ### b. whereas the epsr was proclaimed in 2017 in goteborg , setting out 20 principles and establishing a guiding compass towards a strong social europe that is fair , inclusive and full of opportunity in the 21st century; whereas at the porto social summit in may 2021 , the council committed to three headline targets for 2030 on employment , training and poverty; whereas at least 78 % of the population between 20 and 64 years old should be in employment by 2030; whereas at least 60 % of all adults should participate in training every year; whereas the number of people at risk of poverty or social exclusion should be reduced by at least 15 million by 2030; whereas the three headline targets do not cover the full implementation of the epsr;


### 2. calls on the commission and the council to take measures to mitigate the impact of the crises on member state labour markets in order to keep employment rates high; calls therefore on the commission , the member states and eu social partners to commit to reaching collective bargaining coverage of at least 80 % by 2030 , with a view to improving living and working conditions in the eu , which will contribute to upward social convergence and reduce in-work poverty , social exclusion and wage inequality; ### 2. calls on the commission and the council to take measures to mitigate the impact of the crises on member state labour markets in order to keep employment rates high; calls therefore on the commission and the member states , along with social partners , to promote and increase the use of collective bargaining with a view to improving living and working conditions in the eu , which will contribute to upward social convergence and reduce in-work poverty , social exclusion and wage inequality;


### 3. welcomes the above-mentioned conclusions of the 2021 porto social summit; welcomes the adoption of the directive on adequate minimum wages in the eu3 and the soon-to-be adopted directive on pay transparency4 ; urges the council to agree on a general approach concerning the directive for platform work5 in order to improve worker protection in the platform economy and to create fair competition; welcomes the commission’s commitment to occupational health and safety in the workplace; welcomes the commission’s commitment to follow up with a legislative proposal after the adoption of parliament’s resolution of 2 february 20236 ; welcomes the launch of a two-stage consultation of eu social partners; ### 3. welcomes the above-mentioned conclusions of the 2021 porto social summit; acknowledges the adoption of the directive on adequate minimum wages in the eu3 and welcomes the soon-to-be adopted directive on pay transparency4 ; urges the council to agree on a general approach concerning the directive for platform work5 in order to improve worker protection in the platform economy and to create fair competition; welcomes the commission’s commitment to occupational health and safety in the workplace; welcomes the commission’s commitment to follow up with a legislative proposal after the adoption of parliament’s resolution of 2 february 20236 ; welcomes the launch of a two-stage consultation of eu social partners;


### 4. notes that , even with the support to mitigate unemployment risks in an emergency (sure) instrument as part of the european unemployment reinsurance scheme , the economic fallout of the covid-19 crisis has lasted longer than anticipated; highlights , however , that thousands of jobs were saved thanks to this instrument and that the shock to the labour market was less severe than expected; notes , in this regard , that this instrument should remain in use for the duration of the current exceptional situation and continue to be based on loans and quickly activated only in the event of external financial or economic shocks; ### 4. notes that , even with the support to mitigate unemployment risks in an emergency (sure) instrument as part of the european unemployment reinsurance scheme , the economic fallout of the covid-19 crisis has lasted longer than anticipated; highlights , however , that thousands of jobs were saved thanks to this instrument and that the shock to the labour market was less severe than expected; notes , in this regard , the need for a permanent fiscal capacity as an instrument that should remain in use for the duration of the current exceptional situation and continue to be based on loans and quickly activated in the event of external financial , economic shocks or other moments of crisis ;


### 4. notes that , even with the support to mitigate unemployment risks in an emergency (sure) instrument as part of the european unemployment reinsurance scheme , the economic fallout of the covid-19 crisis has lasted longer than anticipated; highlights , however , that thousands of jobs were saved thanks to this instrument and that the shock to the labour market was less severe than expected; notes , in this regard , that this instrument should remain in use for the duration of the current exceptional situation and continue to be based on loans and quickly activated only in the event of external financial or economic shocks; ### 4. notes that , even with the support to mitigate unemployment risks in an emergency (sure) instrument as part of the european unemployment reinsurance scheme , the economic fallout of the covid-19 crisis has lasted longer than anticipated; highlights , however , that thousands of jobs were saved thanks to this instrument and that the shock to the labour market was less severe than expected; notes , in this regard , that this instrument should become a structural one as it has proven to be indispensable for workers and enterprises in period of external financial or economic shocks;


### 5. calls on the commission to put forward a legal framework for an effective and enforceable ban on unpaid internships , traineeships and apprenticeships; welcomes the european year of skills and highlights the importance of access to training and reskilling for workers in industries and sectors that need to undergo fundamental changes in order to achieve the green and digital transitions , ensuring no one is left behind; calls on the commission to consider a directive on adequate minimum income in order to ensure the reintegration of people absent from the labour market , while respecting the principle of subsidiarity , the specificities of national social protection systems and the competences of the member states; welcomes the commission’s commitment to presenting a proposal , by the end of 2023 , on the creation of an eu disability card to be recognised in all member states; welcomes the ongoing negotiations of the social partners on the right to disconnect , with a view to putting forward a legally binding agreement implemented via a directive; calls on the commission to put forward a legislative proposal for a european social security pass to provide national authorities , such as labour and social security inspectorates , and social partners involved in labour and social security inspections with a real-time instrument to effectively enforce national and eu law; ### 5. calls on the commission to put forward a legal framework for an effective and enforceable ban on unpaid internships , traineeships and apprenticeships; welcomes the european year of skills which encourages eu investment in lifelong learning and highlights the importance of access to training and reskilling for workers in industries and sectors that need to undergo fundamental changes in order to achieve the green and digital transitions , ensuring no one is left behind; calls on the commission to consider a directive on adequate minimum income in order to ensure the reintegration of people absent from the labour market , while respecting the principle of subsidiarity , the specificities of national social protection systems and the competences of the member states; welcomes the commission’s commitment to presenting a proposal , by the end of 2023 , on the creation of an eu disability card to be recognised in all member states; welcomes the ongoing negotiations of the social partners on the right to disconnect , with a view to putting forward a legally binding agreement implemented via a directive; calls on the commission to put forward a legislative proposal for a european social security pass to provide national authorities , such as labour and social security inspectorates , and social partners involved in labour and social security inspections with a real-time instrument to effectively enforce national and eu law;


### 5. calls on the commission to put forward a legal framework for an effective and enforceable ban on unpaid internships , traineeships and apprenticeships; welcomes the european year of skills and highlights the importance of access to training and reskilling for workers in industries and sectors that need to undergo fundamental changes in order to achieve the green and digital transitions , ensuring no one is left behind; calls on the commission to consider a directive on adequate minimum income in order to ensure the reintegration of people absent from the labour market , while respecting the principle of subsidiarity , the specificities of national social protection systems and the competences of the member states; welcomes the commission’s commitment to presenting a proposal , by the end of 2023 , on the creation of an eu disability card to be recognised in all member states; welcomes the ongoing negotiations of the social partners on the right to disconnect , with a view to putting forward a legally binding agreement implemented via a directive; calls on the commission to put forward a legislative proposal for a european social security pass to provide national authorities , such as labour and social security inspectorates , and social partners involved in labour and social security inspections with a real-time instrument to effectively enforce national and eu law; ### 5. calls on the commission to put forward a legal framework for an effective and enforceable ban on unpaid internships , traineeships and apprenticeships; welcomes the european year of skills and highlights the importance of access to training and reskilling for workers in industries and sectors that need to undergo fundamental changes in order to achieve the green and digital transitions , ensuring no one is left behind; welcomes the council recommendation on minimum income to foster the reintegration of people absent from the labour market , while respecting the principle of subsidiarity , the specificities of national social protection systems and the competences of the member states; welcomes the commission’s commitment to presenting a proposal , by the end of 2023 , on the creation of an eu disability card to be recognised in all member states; welcomes the ongoing negotiations of the social partners on the right to disconnect , with a view to putting forward a legally binding agreement implemented via a directive; calls on the commission to put forward a legislative proposal for a european social security pass to provide national authorities , such as labour and social security inspectorates , and social partners involved in labour and social security inspections with a real-time instrument to effectively enforce national and eu law;


### 6. notes that , although many legislative and non-legislative initiatives have been initiated by the commission , so far the eu has fallen short on fully implementing the epsr; stresses the need for further legislative action by the commission and the member states to ensure its full implementation , with a specific focus on implementing principles 11 (childcare) , 12 (social protection) , 19 (housing) and 20 (essential services); ### 6. notes that , although many legislative and non-legislative initiatives have been initiated by the commission , so far the eu has fallen short on fully implementing the epsr;


### 8. warns that , for the correct implementation of principle 12 , adequate social protection needs to be expanded in order to cover the risks associated with the unequal impact of climate change and environmental degradation on different income groups , as well as the social consequences of the transformation of our societies towards climate neutrality; calls on the commission and the member states to build upon the social climate fund and lay the foundations for the development of green social protection schemes at national level with eu support; ### 8. warns that , for the correct implementation of principle 12 , adequate social protection needs to be expanded in order to cover the risks associated with the unequal impact of climate change and environmental degradation on different income groups , as well as the social consequences of the transformation of our societies towards climate neutrality; calls on the member states to build upon the social climate fund and lay the foundations for the development of green social protection schemes at national level with eu support;


### 9. highlights that , according to principle 19 , access to social housing or housing assistance of good quality should be provided for those in need; urges the commission to develop an ambitious action plan to achieve accessible and green social housing to meet the housing needs of all eu citizens and to progressively eradicate homelessness by 2030; ### 9. highlights that , according to principle 19 , access to social housing or housing assistance of good quality should be provided for those in need; urges the commission to develop an ambitious action plan to achieve accessible and green social and affordable housing to meet the housing needs of all eu citizens and to progressively eradicate homelessness by 2030;


### 10. expresses its concern about the lack of access to essential services (principle 20) , which have come under additional stress; urges the commission to present a revision of the services of general and economic interest; ### 10. expresses its concern about the lack of access to essential services of good quality , including water , sanitation , energy , transport , financial services and digital communications for those in need (principle 20) , which have come under additional stress; urges the commission to present a revision of de minimis regulation for services of general and economic interest (sgei) to ensure access to water , sanitation , energy , transport , financial services and digital communications , as well as housing ;


### 11. reiterates its call that , in the light of the framework of the green deal industrial plan , eu funding , including state aid , should be conditional on public policy objectives , in particular social requirements , in order to offer high-quality jobs , promote collective bargaining , respect eu labour rights and standards and ensure improved working conditions; calls on the commission and the member states to enforce the social clause in the existing directive on public procurement7 and to revise the directive in order to further strengthen social clauses in public contracts to require economic operators and subcontractors to fully respect the right of workers to collective bargaining , to account for the recently adopted directive on adequate minimum wages in the eu; ### 11. reiterates its call that , in the light of the framework of the green deal industrial plan , eu funding , including state aid , should be conditional on public policy objectives , in particular social requirements , in order to offer high-quality jobs , promote collective bargaining , respect eu labour rights and standards and ensure improved working conditions; calls on the commission and the member states to improve the functioning of labour markets and to promote the integration of women , young people and vulnerable people in the labour market; calls on the commission and the member states to enforce the social clause in the existing directive on public procurement7 and to revise the directive in order to further strengthen social clauses in public contracts to require economic operators and subcontractors to fully respect the right of workers to collective bargaining , to account for the recently adopted directive on adequate minimum wages in the eu;


### 12. highlights the need to strengthen the social dimension of the european semester and the implementation of the epsr , especially in the light of the economic governance review; calls on the commission to consider presenting an instrument for upward social convergence in order to prevent social convergence risks , detect potential setbacks in the proper implementation of the epsr and establish social targets; believes that social divergence risks should be included in the country-specific recommendations and taken into account when laying out fiscal adjustment paths; ### 12. highlights the need to strengthen the social dimension of the european semester and the implementation of the epsr , especially in the light of the economic governance review; calls on the commission to consider presenting an instrument for upward social convergence in order to prevent social convergence risks , detect potential setbacks in the proper implementation of the epsr and establish social targets; believes that social divergence risks should be included in the country-specific recommendations and taken into account when laying out fiscal adjustment paths; calls on the commission and member states to fight against all forms of discrimination , and promote equal opportunities for all , particularly addressing children at risk of poverty , the elderly , people with disabilities , people with a migrant background , disadvantaged and minority groups and the homeless;


### 15. calls on the commission to present a governance framework to anticipate and manage changes related to the green and digital transitions in the world of work , focusing first on the importance of safeguarding jobs , including access to adequate training , and second , on the involvement of social partners in decision-making processes; ### 15. calls on the commission to present a governance framework to anticipate and manage changes related to the green and digital transitions in the world of work , focusing first on the importance of safeguarding jobs , including access to adequate training , and second , on the involvement of social partners in decision-making processes , including by promoting collective bargaining on the anticipation and management of change ;


### (5) the measures under this directive have been designed to address the specific needs of women and girls , given that they are disproportionately affected by the forms of violence covered under this directive , namely violence against women and domestic violence. this directive , however , acknowledges that other persons may also fall victim to these forms of violence and should benefit from the measures provided for therein. therefore , the term ‘victim’ should refer to all persons , regardless of their sex or gender. ### (5) the measures under this directive have been designed to address the specific needs of women and girls , given that they are disproportionately affected by the forms of violence covered under this directive , namely violence against women and domestic violence. this directive , however , acknowledges that other persons may also fall victim to these forms of violence and should benefit from the measures provided for therein , without discrimination on account of any ground. therefore , the term ‘victim’ should refer to all persons , regardless of their sex or gender.


### (10) this directive supports the international commitments the member states have undertaken to combat and prevent violence against women and domestic violence , in particular the united nations convention on the elimination of all forms of discrimination against women (cedaw)39 and , where relevant , the council of europe convention on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence (‘istanbul convention’)40 and the international labour organization’s convention concerning the elimination of violence and harassment in the world of work , signed on 21 june 2019 in geneva. ### (10) this directive supports the international commitments the member states have undertaken to combat and prevent violence against women and domestic violence , in particular the united nations convention on the elimination of all forms of discrimination against women (cedaw)39 , the united nations convention on the rights of persons with disabilities (crpd) and , where relevant , the council of europe convention on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence (‘istanbul convention’)40 and the international labour organization’s convention concerning the elimination of violence and harassment in the world of work , signed on 21 june 2019 in geneva.


### (17) it is necessary to provide for harmonised definitions of offences and penalties regarding certain forms of cyber violence. cyber violence particularly targets and impacts women politicians , journalists and human rights defenders. it can have the effect of silencing women and hindering their societal participation on an equal footing with men. cyber violence also disproportionately affects women and girls in educational settings , such as schools and universities , with detrimental consequences to their further education and to their mental health , which may , in extreme cases , lead to suicide. ### (17) it is necessary to provide for harmonised definitions of offences and penalties regarding certain forms of cyber violence. cyber violence particularly targets and impacts women in the world of work , politicians , journalists and human rights defenders , as well as persons who are part of marginalised communities. it can have the effect of silencing women and hindering their societal participation on an equal footing with men. cyber violence also disproportionately affects women and girls in educational settings , such as schools and universities , with detrimental consequences to their further education , career and to their mental health , which may , in extreme cases , lead to suicide. women and girls exposed to discrimination and violence on the basis of a combination of their sex or gender and other grounds are disproportionately affected by cyber violence , including cyber harassment or cyber incitement to violence or hatred.


### (17) it is necessary to provide for harmonised definitions of offences and penalties regarding certain forms of cyber violence. cyber violence particularly targets and impacts women politicians , journalists and human rights defenders. it can have the effect of silencing women and hindering their societal participation on an equal footing with men. cyber violence also disproportionately affects women and girls in educational settings , such as schools and universities , with detrimental consequences to their further education and to their mental health , which may , in extreme cases , lead to suicide. ### (17) it is necessary to provide for harmonised definitions of offences and penalties regarding certain forms of cyber violence. cyber violence particularly targets and impacts women politicians , journalists and human rights defenders. it can have the effect of silencing women and hindering their societal participation on an equal footing with men. cyber violence also disproportionately affects women and girls in educational settings , such as schools and universities , with detrimental consequences to their further education and to their mental health , which may lead to an increased incidence of depression and anxiety disorder and , in extreme cases , to suicide.


### (19) especially due to its tendency for easy , swift and broad distribution and perpetration , as well as its intimate nature , the non-consensual making accessible of intimate images or videos and material that depict sexual activities , to a multitude of end-users , by means of information and communication technologies , can be very harmful for the victims. the offence provided for in this directive should cover all types of such material , such as images , photographs and videos , including sexualized images , audio clips and video clips. it should relate to situations where the making accessible of the material to a multitude of end-users , through information and communication technologies , occurs without the victim’s consent , irrespective of whether the victim consented to the generation of such material or may have transmitted it to a particular person. the offence should also include the non-consensual production or manipulation , for instance by image editing , of material that makes it appear as though another person is engaged in sexual activities , insofar as the material is subsequently made accessible to a multitude of end-users , through information and communication technologies , without the consent of that person. such production or manipulation should include the fabrication of ‘deepfakes’ , where the material appreciably resembles an existing person , objects , places or other entities or events , depicting sexual activities of another person , and would falsely appear to others to be authentic or truthful. in the interest of effectively protecting victims of such conduct , threatening to engage in such conduct should be covered as well. ### (19) especially due to its tendency for easy , swift and broad distribution and perpetration , as well as its intimate nature , the non-consensual making accessible of intimate images or videos and material that depict sexual activities , to a multitude of end-users , by means of information and communication technologies , can be very harmful for the victims. the offence provided for in this directive should cover all types of such material , such as images , photographs and videos , including but not limited to sexualized images , audio clips and video clips. it should relate to situations where the making accessible of the material to a multitude of end-users , through information and communication technologies , occurs without the victim’s consent , irrespective of whether the victim consented to the generation of such material or may have transmitted it to a particular person. the offence should also include the non-consensual production or manipulation , for instance by image editing , of material that makes it appear as though another person is engaged in sexual activities , insofar as the material is subsequently made accessible to a multitude of end-users , through information and communication technologies , without the consent of that person. such production or manipulation should include the fabrication of ‘deepfakes’ , where the material appreciably resembles an existing person , objects , places or other entities or events , depicting sexual activities of another person , and would falsely appear to others to be authentic or truthful. in the interest of effectively protecting victims of such conduct , threatening to engage in such conduct should be covered as well.


### (21) minimum rules concerning the offence of cyber harassment should be laid down to counter initiating an attack with third parties or participating in such an attack directed at another person , by making threatening or insulting material accessible to a multitude of end-users. such broad attacks , including coordinated online mob attacks , may morph into offline assault or cause significant psychological injury and in extreme cases lead to suicide of the victim. they often target prominent (female) politicians , journalists or otherwise well-known persons , but they can also occur in different contexts , for instance on campuses or in schools. such online violence should be addressed especially where the attacks occur on a wide-scale , for example in the form of pile-on harassment by a significant amount of people. ### (21) minimum rules concerning the offence of cyber harassment should be laid down to effectively protect victims of domestic violence , as well as their rights , and to counter initiating an attack with third parties or participating in such an attack directed at another person , by making threatening or insulting material accessible to a multitude of end-users. such broad attacks , including coordinated online mob attacks , may morph into offline assault or cause significant psychological injury and in extreme cases lead to suicide of the victim. they often target prominent (female) politicians , journalists and human rights defenders or otherwise well-known persons , but they can also occur in different contexts , for instance on campuses or in schools. such online violence should be addressed especially where the attacks occur on a wide-scale , for example in the form of pile-on harassment by a significant amount of people.


### (29) when assessing the victim’s protection and support needs , the primary concern should lie in safeguarding the victim’s safety and providing tailored support , taking into account , among other matters , the individual circumstances of the victim. such circumstances requiring special attention could include the victim’s pregnancy or the victim’s dependence on or relationship to the offender. ### (29) when assessing the victim’s protection and support needs , the primary concern should lie in safeguarding the victim’s safety and providing tailored support , taking into account , among other matters , the individual circumstances of the victim , specific needs and vulnerability. such circumstances requiring special attention could include the victim’s pregnancy or the victim’s dependence on or relationship to the offender.


### (38) given the complexities and gravity of offences of violence against women and domestic violence and specific support needs of victims , member states should ensure additional support and prevention of such offences is provided by designated bodies. given their expertise in matters of discrimination on grounds of sex , national equality bodies , set up in accordance with directives 2004/113/ec42 , 2006/54/ec43 and 2010/41/eu44 of the european parliament and of the council , are well placed to fulfil these tasks. such bodies should in addition have legal standing to act on behalf or in support of victims of all forms of violence against women or domestic violence in judicial proceedings , including for the application for compensation and removal of online illegal content , with the victims’ approval. this should include the possibility of acting on behalf or in support of several victims together. to enable these bodies to effectively carry out their tasks , member states should ensure that they are provided with sufficient human and financial resources. ### (38) given the complexities and gravity of offences of violence against women and domestic violence and specific support needs of victims , member states should ensure additional support and prevention of such offences is provided by designated bodies. given their expertise in matters of discrimination on grounds of sex , national equality bodies , set up in accordance with directives 2004/113/ec42 , 2006/54/ec43 and 2010/41/eu44 of the european parliament and of the council , are well placed to fulfil these tasks. such bodies should in addition have legal standing to act on behalf or in support of victims of all forms of violence against women or domestic violence in judicial proceedings , including for the application for compensation and removal of online illegal content and securing of evidence , with the victims’ approval. this should include the possibility of acting on behalf or in support of several victims together. to enable these bodies to effectively carry out their tasks , member states should ensure that they are provided with sufficient human and financial resources.


### (38) given the complexities and gravity of offences of violence against women and domestic violence and specific support needs of victims , member states should ensure additional support and prevention of such offences is provided by designated bodies. given their expertise in matters of discrimination on grounds of sex , national equality bodies , set up in accordance with directives 2004/113/ec42 , 2006/54/ec43 and 2010/41/eu44 of the european parliament and of the council , are well placed to fulfil these tasks. such bodies should in addition have legal standing to act on behalf or in support of victims of all forms of violence against women or domestic violence in judicial proceedings , including for the application for compensation and removal of online illegal content , with the victims’ approval. this should include the possibility of acting on behalf or in support of several victims together. to enable these bodies to effectively carry out their tasks , member states should ensure that they are provided with sufficient human and financial resources. ### (38) given the complexities and gravity of offences of violence against women and domestic violence and specific support needs of victims , member states should ensure additional support and prevention of such offences is provided by designated bodies. given their expertise in matters of discrimination on grounds of sex and gender , national equality bodies , set up in accordance with directives 2004/113/ec42 , 2006/54/ec43 and 2010/41/eu44 of the european parliament and of the council , are well placed to fulfil these tasks. such bodies should in addition have legal standing to act on behalf or in support of victims of all forms of violence against women or domestic violence in judicial proceedings , including for the application for compensation and removal of online illegal content , with the victims’ approval. this should include the possibility of acting on behalf or in support of several victims together. to enable these bodies to effectively carry out their tasks , member states should ensure that they are provided with sufficient human and financial resources.


### (39) certain offences covered by this directive involve the increased risk of repeated , prolonged or even continuous victimisation. that risk occurs especially in relation to offences involving the making accessible to a multitude of end-users , through information and communication technologies , of material , resulting from certain offences of cyber violence , considering the ease and speed with which such material can be distributed on a large scale and the difficulties that often exist when it comes to removing such material. that risk typically remains even after a conviction. therefore , in order to effectively safeguard the rights of the victims of those offences , member states should be required to take suitable measures aimed at the removal of the material in question. considering that removal at the source may not always be feasible , for instance because of legal or practical difficulties relating to the execution or enforcement of an order to remove , member states should also be allowed to provide for measures to disable access to such material. ### (39) certain offences covered by this directive involve the increased risk of repeated , prolonged or even continuous victimisation. that risk occurs especially in relation to offences involving the making accessible to a multitude of end-users , through information and communication technologies , of material , resulting from certain offences of cyber violence , considering the ease and speed with which such material can be distributed on a large scale and the difficulties that often exist when it comes to removing such material. that risk typically remains even after a conviction. therefore , in order to effectively safeguard the rights of the victims of those offences , member states should be required to take suitable measures aimed at the removal of the material in question and to request assistance from telephone operators and social network owners to this end. considering that removal at the source may not always be feasible , for instance because of legal or practical difficulties relating to the execution or enforcement of an order to remove , member states should also be allowed to provide for measures to disable access to such material.


### (44) in order to avoid secondary victimisation , victims should be able to obtain compensation in the course of criminal proceedings. compensation from the offender should be full and should not be restricted by a fixed upper limit. it should cover all harm and trauma experienced by victims and costs incurred to manage the damages , including among other things therapy costs , impact on the victim’s employment situation , loss of earnings , psychological damages , and moral prejudice due to the violation of dignity. the amount of compensation should reflect that victims of domestic violence may have to uproot their lives in order to seek safety , entailing a possible change of employment or finding new schools for children or even creating a new identity. ### (44) in order to avoid secondary victimisation , victims should be able to obtain compensation in the course of criminal proceedings. compensation from the offender should be full and should not be restricted by a fixed upper limit. it should cover all harm and trauma experienced by victims and costs incurred to manage the damages , including among other things therapy costs , impact on the victim’s employment situation , loss of earnings , psychological damages , and moral prejudice due to the violation of dignity. the amount of compensation should reflect that victims of domestic violence and cyber incitement to violence or hatred may have to uproot their lives in order to seek safety , entailing a possible change of employment or finding new schools for children or even creating a new identity.


### (44) in order to avoid secondary victimisation , victims should be able to obtain compensation in the course of criminal proceedings. compensation from the offender should be full and should not be restricted by a fixed upper limit. it should cover all harm and trauma experienced by victims and costs incurred to manage the damages , including among other things therapy costs , impact on the victim’s employment situation , loss of earnings , psychological damages , and moral prejudice due to the violation of dignity. the amount of compensation should reflect that victims of domestic violence may have to uproot their lives in order to seek safety , entailing a possible change of employment or finding new schools for children or even creating a new identity. ### (44) in order to avoid secondary victimisation , victims should be able to obtain compensation in the course of criminal proceedings. compensation from the offender should be full and should not be restricted by a fixed upper limit. it should cover all harm and trauma experienced by victims and costs incurred to manage the damages , including among other things therapy costs , impact on the victim’s employment situation , loss of earnings , psychological damages , and moral prejudice due to the violation of dignity. the amount of compensation should reflect that victims of domestic violence may have to uproot their lives in order to seek safety , entailing a possible change of employment or finding new schools for children or even creating a new identity. adequate state compensation shall be awarded to those who have sustained serious bodily injury or impairment of health , and to orphans from victims , to the extent that the damage is not covered by other sources , such as the perpetrator. member states are not precluded from claiming regress for compensation awarded from the perpetrator , as long as due regard is paid to the victim’s safety.


### (44) in order to avoid secondary victimisation , victims should be able to obtain compensation in the course of criminal proceedings. compensation from the offender should be full and should not be restricted by a fixed upper limit. it should cover all harm and trauma experienced by victims and costs incurred to manage the damages , including among other things therapy costs , impact on the victim’s employment situation , loss of earnings , psychological damages , and moral prejudice due to the violation of dignity. the amount of compensation should reflect that victims of domestic violence may have to uproot their lives in order to seek safety , entailing a possible change of employment or finding new schools for children or even creating a new identity. ### (44) in order to avoid secondary victimisation , victims should be able to obtain compensation in the course of criminal proceedings. compensation from the offender should be full and should not be restricted by a fixed upper limit. it should cover all harm and trauma experienced by victims and costs incurred to manage the damages , including among other things therapy costs , impact on the victim’s employment situation , loss of earnings , psychological damages , and moral prejudice due to the violation of dignity. the amount of compensation should reflect that victims of domestic violence may have to uproot their lives in order to seek safety , entailing a possible change of address or employment or finding new schools for children or even creating a new identity.


### (45) assistance and support to victims of violence against women and domestic violence should be provided before , during and for an appropriate period after the criminal proceedings have ended , for example where medical treatment is still needed to address the severe physical or psychological consequences of the violence , or if the victim’s safety is at risk in particular due to the statements made by the victim in those proceedings. ### (45) assistance and support to victims of violence against women and domestic violence should be made available and provided before , during and for an appropriate period after the criminal proceedings have ended , for example where medical treatment is still needed to address the severe physical or psychological consequences of the violence , or if the victim’s safety is at risk in particular due to the statements made by the victim in those proceedings. assistance and support shall be available to victims regardless of whether criminal proceedings have been initiated.


### (46) specialised support services should provide support to victims of all forms of violence against women and domestic violence , including sexual violence , female genital mutilation , forced marriage , forced abortion and sterilisation , sexual harassment and of various forms of cyber violence. ### (46) specialised support services should provide support to victims of all forms of violence against women and domestic violence , including sexual violence , female genital mutilation , intersex genital mutilation , forced marriage , forced abortion and sterilisation , sexual harassment and of various forms of cyber violence.


### (47) specialist support should offer victims support tailored to their specific needs , and irrespective of any official complaint. such services could be provided in addition to , or as an integrated part of , general victim support services , which may call on existing entities providing specialist support. specialist support may be provided by national authorities , victims’ support organisations , or other non-governmental organisations. they should be granted sufficient human and financial resources and , where the services are provided by non-governmental organisations , member states should ensure that they receive appropriate funds. ### (47) specialist support should offer victims support tailored to their specific needs , and irrespective of any official complaint. such services could be provided in addition to , or as an integrated part of , general victim support services , which may call on existing entities providing specialist support. specialist support may be provided by national authorities , victims’ support organisations , or other non-governmental organisations. they should be granted sufficient human and financial resources and , where the services are provided by non-governmental organisations , member states and the union , for instance through the rights and values programme and its daphne strand , should ensure that they receive appropriate funds. member states should ensure that all victims belonging to vulnerable groups or communities receive tailor-made support based on their needs , with special attention to linguistic needs and potential past or present discrimination experiences of certain communities. support should be provided as offline and online services according to specific needs.


### (47) specialist support should offer victims support tailored to their specific needs , and irrespective of any official complaint. such services could be provided in addition to , or as an integrated part of , general victim support services , which may call on existing entities providing specialist support. specialist support may be provided by national authorities , victims’ support organisations , or other non-governmental organisations. they should be granted sufficient human and financial resources and , where the services are provided by non-governmental organisations , member states should ensure that they receive appropriate funds. ### (47) specialist support should offer victims support tailored to their specific needs , and irrespective of any official complaint. such services shall be provided in addition to , or as an integrated part of , general victim support services , which may call on existing entities providing specialist support. a commonly agreed referral system for cooperation between general victim support services and women’s specialised support should be put in place. specialist support may be provided by national authorities , victims’ support organisations , or other non-governmental organisations. they should be granted sufficient human and financial resources and , where the services are provided by non-governmental organisations , member states should ensure that they receive appropriate funds.


### (48) victims of domestic violence and violence against women typically have multiple protection and support needs. in order to address these effectively , member states should provide such services at the same premises , or have such services coordinated through a central contact point. to ensure also victims in remote areas or unable to physically reach such centres are reached , member states should provide for online access to such services. this should entail setting up a single and updated website where all relevant information on and access to available support and protection services is provided (one-stop online access). the website should follow accessibility requirements for persons with disabilities. ### (48) victims of domestic violence and violence against women typically have multiple protection and support needs. in order to address these effectively , member states should provide such services at the same premises , or have such services coordinated through a central contact point. to ensure also victims in remote areas or unable to physically reach such centres are reached , member states should provide for online access to such services. this should entail setting up a single and updated website where all relevant information on and access to available support and protection services is provided (one-stop online access). the website should follow accessibility requirements for persons with disabilities and ensure greater protection of victims’ personal data.


### (50) the traumatic nature of sexual violence , including rape , requires a particularly sensitive response by trained and specialised staff. victims of this type of violence need immediate medical care and trauma support combined with immediate forensic examinations to collect the evidence needed for prosecution. rape crisis centres or sexual violence referral centres should be available in sufficient numbers and adequately spread over the territory of each member state. similarly , victims of female genital mutilation , who are often girls , typically are in need of targeted support. therefore , member states should ensure they provide dedicated support tailored to these victims. ### (50) the traumatic nature of sexual violence , including rape , requires a particularly sensitive response by trained and specialised staff. victims of this type of violence need immediate , comprehensive and long-lasting medical care , including sexual and reproductive healthcare as part of the clinical management of rape , emergency contraception , post-exposure prophylaxis and safe and legal abortion care and services , sti treatments and trauma support combined with forensic examinations to collect the evidence needed for prosecution. forensic examination shall be conducted as soon as the victim’s situation allows it , taking into account their trauma and mental health. rape crisis centres or sexual violence referral centres should be available in sufficient numbers and adequately spread over the territory of each member state. similarly , victims of female genital mutilation , who are often girls , typically are in need of targeted support. therefore , member states should ensure they provide dedicated support tailored to these victims.


### (50) the traumatic nature of sexual violence , including rape , requires a particularly sensitive response by trained and specialised staff. victims of this type of violence need immediate medical care and trauma support combined with immediate forensic examinations to collect the evidence needed for prosecution. rape crisis centres or sexual violence referral centres should be available in sufficient numbers and adequately spread over the territory of each member state. similarly , victims of female genital mutilation , who are often girls , typically are in need of targeted support. therefore , member states should ensure they provide dedicated support tailored to these victims. ### (50) the traumatic nature of sexual violence , including rape , requires a particularly sensitive response by trained and specialised staff. victims of this type of violence need immediate medical care and trauma support combined with immediate forensic examinations to collect the evidence needed for prosecution. rape crisis centres or sexual violence referral centres should be available in sufficient numbers and adequately spread over the territory of each member state. similarly , victims of female genital mutilation , who are often girls , and of intersex genital mutilation , typically are in need of targeted support. therefore , member states should ensure they provide dedicated support tailored to these victims.


### (51) harassment at work is considered as discrimination on grounds of sex by directives 2004/113/ec , 2006/54/ec and 2010/41/eu. given that sexual harassment at work has significant negative consequences both for the victims and the employers , advice on adequately addressing such instances at the workplace , on legal remedies available to the employer to remove the offender from the workplace and providing the possibility of early conciliation , if the victim so wishes , should be provided by external counselling services to both victims and employers. ### (51) sexual harassment and harassment at work is considered as discrimination on grounds of sex by directives 2004/113/ec , 2006/54/ec and 2010/41/eu. ilo convention 190 applies to violence and harassment in the world of work occurring in the course of , linked with or arising out of work. according to its article 3 , this includes the workplace , but also the places where the worker is paid , takes a break , or uses sanitary facilities , is on a work-related trips , engages in work-related communication , when they are commuting to and from work or staying in employer accommodation. this recognizes the fact that violence in the course of employment can take place away from the traditional place of work , and relate to the spill-over of domestic violence at work . given that sexual harassment at work , as well as cyber violence and harassment at work and domestic violence have significant negative consequences both for the victims and the employers , advice on adequately addressing such instances at the workplace , on legal remedies available to the employer to remove the offender from the workplace and providing the possibility of early conciliation , if the victim so wishes , should be provided by external , specialised counselling services to both victims and employers.


### (52) member states should ensure that national helplines are operated under the eu-harmonised number [116016] and this number is widely advertised as a public number , free of charge and available round-the-clock. the support provided should include crisis counselling and should be able to refer to face-to-face services , such as shelters , counselling centres or the police. ### (52) member states should ensure that national helplines are operated under the eu-harmonised number [116016] and this number is widely advertised as a public number , free of charge and available round-the-clock. the helplines should be accessible to victims with disabilities and provide easy to understand information , including in different languages. the support provided should include crisis counselling and should be able to refer to face-to-face services , such as shelters , counselling centres or the police.


### (53) shelters play a vital role in protecting victims from acts of violence. beyond providing a safe place to stay , shelters should provide the necessary support concerning interlocking problems related to victims’ health , financial situation and the well-being of their children , ultimately preparing victims for an autonomous life. ### (53) shelters play a vital role in protecting victims from acts of violence. beyond providing a safe place to stay , shelters should provide the necessary support concerning interlocking problems related to victims’ health , financial situation and the well-being of their children , ultimately preparing victims for an autonomous life. domestic violence often affects the victim´s performance at work due to stress and fear , and the perpetrators often prevent their partners or ex-partners from accessing their work place. in addition , victims will frequently need additional time away from work to attend medical appointments , legal proceedings or to make social arrangements such as searching for new accommodation. measures shall therefore be implemented at national level to ensure that employers are prevented from discriminating or in any way disadvantaging victim workers in the immediate aftermath of the violence and due to the impact of factors that relate to the violence. for victims who seek safe haven in shelters to stay safe , the workplace can be a dangerous place , since perpetrators know where to find them. victims shall therefore have the right to paid leave for appropriate duration.


### (53) shelters play a vital role in protecting victims from acts of violence. beyond providing a safe place to stay , shelters should provide the necessary support concerning interlocking problems related to victims’ health , financial situation and the well-being of their children , ultimately preparing victims for an autonomous life. ### (53) shelters play a vital role in protecting victims from acts of violence. beyond providing a safe place to stay , shelters should provide the necessary support concerning interlocking problems related to victims’ health , financial situation and the well-being of their children , ultimately preparing victims for an autonomous life. member states should ensure the availability of sufficient dedicated domestic violence shelters , with an adequate geographical distribution. a variety of different models should be made available , including single-gender shelters , thereby ensuring maximum flexibility for victims. shelters should always be available free of charge for the victim.


### (53) shelters play a vital role in protecting victims from acts of violence. beyond providing a safe place to stay , shelters should provide the necessary support concerning interlocking problems related to victims’ health , financial situation and the well-being of their children , ultimately preparing victims for an autonomous life. ### (53) shelters play a vital role in protecting victims from acts of violence. beyond providing a safe place to stay , shelters should provide the necessary support concerning interlocking problems related to victims’ health , financial situation and the well-being of their children , ultimately preparing victims for an autonomous life. member states should ensure the availability of sufficient dedicated domestic violence shelters , with an adequate geographical distribution. a variety of different models should be made available , including single-sex shelters , thereby ensuring maximum flexibility for victims. shelters should always be available free of charge for the victim.


### (53) shelters play a vital role in protecting victims from acts of violence. beyond providing a safe place to stay , shelters should provide the necessary support concerning interlocking problems related to victims’ health , financial situation and the well-being of their children , ultimately preparing victims for an autonomous life. ### (53) shelters play a vital role in protecting victims from acts of violence. beyond providing a safe place to stay , shelters should provide the necessary support concerning interlocking problems related to victims’ health , including mental health , financial situation , basic legal advice and the well-being of their children , ultimately preparing victims for an autonomous life.


### (53) shelters play a vital role in protecting victims from acts of violence. beyond providing a safe place to stay , shelters should provide the necessary support concerning interlocking problems related to victims’ health , financial situation and the well-being of their children , ultimately preparing victims for an autonomous life. ### (53) shelters play a vital role in protecting victims from acts of violence. beyond providing a safe place to stay , shelters should provide the necessary support concerning interlocking problems related to victims’ health , financial situation and the well-being of their children and uninterrupted access to school , ultimately preparing victims for an autonomous life.


### (56) victims with specific needs and groups at risk of violence against women or domestic violence , such as women with disabilities , women with dependant residence status or permit , undocumented migrant women , women applicants for international protection , women fleeing armed conflict , women affected by homelessness , with a minority racial or ethnic background , living in rural areas , women sex workers , detainees , or older women , should receive specific protection and support. ### (56) victims with specific needs and groups at risk of violence against women or domestic violence , such as women with disabilities , women with dependant residence status or permit , undocumented migrant women , women applicants for international protection , women fleeing armed conflict , women affected by homelessness , with a minority racial or ethnic background , living in rural areas , women sex workers , detainees , older women , children , victims of so-called "honour crimes" or lbtiq women and other lgbtiq people subject to gender-based violence , should receive specific protection and support.


### (56) victims with specific needs and groups at risk of violence against women or domestic violence , such as women with disabilities , women with dependant residence status or permit , undocumented migrant women , women applicants for international protection , women fleeing armed conflict , women affected by homelessness , with a minority racial or ethnic background , living in rural areas , women sex workers , detainees , or older women , should receive specific protection and support. ### (56) victims with specific needs and groups at risk of violence against women or domestic violence , such as women in precarious socio-economic situations including from low and middle income countries and regions , women with disabilities , women with dependant residence status or permit , undocumented migrant women , women applicants for international protection , women fleeing armed conflict , women affected by homelessness , with a minority racial or ethnic background , living in rural areas , women sex workers , detainees , or older women , should receive specific protection and support.


### (56) victims with specific needs and groups at risk of violence against women or domestic violence , such as women with disabilities , women with dependant residence status or permit , undocumented migrant women , women applicants for international protection , women fleeing armed conflict , women affected by homelessness , with a minority racial or ethnic background , living in rural areas , women sex workers , detainees , or older women , should receive specific protection and support. ### (56) victims with specific needs and groups at risk of violence against women or domestic violence , such as women with disabilities , women with dependant residence status or permit , undocumented migrant women , women applicants for international protection , women fleeing armed conflict , women affected by homelessness , with a minority racial or ethnic background , living in rural areas , women sex workers , detainees , women suffering from addiction or older women , should receive specific protection and support.


### (58) member states should ensure that preventive measures , such as awareness-raising campaigns , are taken to counter violence against women and domestic violence. prevention should also take place in formal education , in particular , through strengthening sexuality education and socio-emotional competencies , empathy and developing healthy and respectful relationships. ### (58) member states should ensure that preventive measures , such as awareness-raising campaigns , are taken to counter violence against women and domestic violence. special awareness should be paid in awareness-raising campaigns to women experiencing discrimination and violence on the basis of the combination of their sex or gender and other grounds , and by victims at an increased risk of domestic violence. prevention should also take place in formal education , in particular , through strengthening sexuality education and socio-emotional competencies , empathy and developing healthy and respectful relationships.


### (58) member states should ensure that preventive measures , such as awareness-raising campaigns , are taken to counter violence against women and domestic violence. prevention should also take place in formal education , in particular , through strengthening sexuality education and socio-emotional competencies , empathy and developing healthy and respectful relationships. ### (58) member states should ensure that preventive measures , such as awareness-raising campaigns , are taken to counter violence against women and domestic violence. special attention must be paid in awareness-raising campaigns to women experiencing discrimination and violence on the basis of the combination of their sex or gender and other grounds , and by victims at an increased risk of domestic violence. prevention should also take place in formal education , in particular , through strengthening inclusive sexuality and relationships education and socio-emotional competencies , such as empathy.


### (58) member states should ensure that preventive measures , such as awareness-raising campaigns , are taken to counter violence against women and domestic violence. prevention should also take place in formal education , in particular , through strengthening sexuality education and socio-emotional competencies , empathy and developing healthy and respectful relationships. ### (58) member states should ensure that preventive measures , such as awareness-raising campaigns , are taken to counter violence against women and domestic violence. prevention should also take place in formal education , in particular , through strengthening sexuality education and socio-emotional competencies , empathy and developing healthy and respectful relationships. prevention of domestic and sexual violence should be a part of a dedicated life-long learning programme focused on all and tailored according to their needs and shall promote human rights-centered approach.


### (58) member states should ensure that preventive measures , such as awareness-raising campaigns , are taken to counter violence against women and domestic violence. prevention should also take place in formal education , in particular , through strengthening sexuality education and socio-emotional competencies , empathy and developing healthy and respectful relationships. ### (58) member states should ensure that preventive measures , such as awareness-raising campaigns targeted at different segments of the public , are taken to counter violence against women and domestic violence. prevention should also take place in formal education from an early age , in particular , through strengthening sexuality education and socio-emotional competencies , empathy and developing healthy and respectful relationships.


### (58) member states should ensure that preventive measures , such as awareness-raising campaigns , are taken to counter violence against women and domestic violence. prevention should also take place in formal education , in particular , through strengthening sexuality education and socio-emotional competencies , empathy and developing healthy and respectful relationships. ### (58) member states should ensure that preventive measures , such as awareness-raising campaigns , are taken to counter violence against women and domestic violence. prevention should also take place in formal education , in particular , through strengthening comprehensive and age-appropriate sexuality education and socio-emotional competencies , empathy and developing healthy and respectful relationships.


### (58) member states should ensure that preventive measures , such as awareness-raising campaigns , are taken to counter violence against women and domestic violence. prevention should also take place in formal education , in particular , through strengthening sexuality education and socio-emotional competencies , empathy and developing healthy and respectful relationships. ### (58) member states should ensure that preventive measures , such as awareness-raising campaigns , are taken to counter violence against women and domestic violence. prevention should also take place in formal education , in particular , through strengthening sexuality and relationships education and socio-emotional competencies , empathy and developing healthy and respectful relationships.


### (60) in order to ensure victims of violence against women and domestic violence are identified and receive appropriate support , member states should ensure that professionals likely to come into contact with victims receive training and targeted information. trainings should cover the risk and prevention of intimidation , repeat and secondary victimisation and the availability of protection and support measures for victims. to prevent and appropriately address instances of sexual harassment at work , persons with supervisory functions should also receive training. these trainings should also cover assessments regarding sexual harassment at work and associated psychosocial safety and health risks as referred to under directive 89/391/eec of the european parliament and of the council45 . training activities should also cover the risk of third party violence. third party violence refers to violence which staff may suffer at the workplace , not at the hands of a co-worker , and includes cases , such as nurses sexually harassed by a patient. ### (60) in order to ensure victims of violence against women and domestic violence are identified and receive appropriate support , member states should ensure that professionals likely to come into contact with victims receive training and targeted information. trainings should cover the risk and prevention of intimidation , repeat and secondary victimisation and the availability of protection and support measures for victims. they should include prevention and identification of sexual harassment of the most marginalised groups who are often the less believed when reporting , such as women with disabilities. to prevent and appropriately address instances of sexual harassment at work and cyber violence at work , and to identify and address instances of domestic violence and its consequences on workers , persons with supervisory functions , trade union representatives and workplace health and safety representatives should also receive training. these trainings should also cover assessments regarding sexual harassment at work , cyber violence at work , and domestic violence and associated psychosocial safety and health risks as referred to under directive 89/391/eec of the european parliament and of the council45. training activities should also cover the risk of third party violence. third party violence refers to violence which staff may suffer at the workplace , not at the hands of a co-worker , and includes cases , such as nurses sexually harassed by a patient.


### (60) in order to ensure victims of violence against women and domestic violence are identified and receive appropriate support , member states should ensure that professionals likely to come into contact with victims receive training and targeted information. trainings should cover the risk and prevention of intimidation , repeat and secondary victimisation and the availability of protection and support measures for victims. to prevent and appropriately address instances of sexual harassment at work , persons with supervisory functions should also receive training. these trainings should also cover assessments regarding sexual harassment at work and associated psychosocial safety and health risks as referred to under directive 89/391/eec of the european parliament and of the council45 . training activities should also cover the risk of third party violence. third party violence refers to violence which staff may suffer at the workplace , not at the hands of a co-worker , and includes cases , such as nurses sexually harassed by a patient. ### (60) in order to ensure victims of violence against women and domestic violence are identified and receive appropriate support , member states should ensure that professionals likely to come into contact with victims , including those who work or volunteer at shelters and other residences housing and working with victims , receive adequate training and targeted information. trainings should cover the risk and prevention of intimidation , repeat and secondary victimisation and the availability of protection and support measures for victims. to prevent and appropriately address instances of sexual harassment at work , persons with supervisory functions should also receive training. these trainings should also cover assessments regarding sexual harassment at work and associated psychosocial safety and health risks as referred to under directive 89/391/eec of the european parliament and of the council45 . training activities should also cover the risk of third party violence. third party violence refers to violence which staff may suffer at the workplace , not at the hands of a co-worker , and includes cases , such as nurses sexually harassed by a patient.


### (61) in order to counteract underreporting , member states should also liaise with law enforcement authorities in the development of trainings in particular regarding harmful gender stereotypes , but also in the prevention of offences , given their typical close contact with groups at risk of violence and victims. ### (61) in order to counteract underreporting , member states should also liaise with law enforcement authorities in the development of trainings in particular regarding harmful gender stereotypes , including on multiple discrimination grounds , but also in the prevention of offences , given their typical close contact with groups at risk of violence and victims.


### (61) in order to counteract underreporting , member states should also liaise with law enforcement authorities in the development of trainings in particular regarding harmful gender stereotypes , but also in the prevention of offences , given their typical close contact with groups at risk of violence and victims. ### (61) in order to counteract underreporting , member states should develop a study on domestic violence to identify the real extent of the phenomenon and the causes that discourage reporting to the authorities and filing complaints by victims , especially among vulnerable groups. furthermore , member states should also liaise with law enforcement authorities in the development of trainings in particular regarding harmful gender stereotypes , but also in the prevention of offences , given their typical close contact with groups at risk of violence and victims.


### (61) in order to counteract underreporting , member states should also liaise with law enforcement authorities in the development of trainings in particular regarding harmful gender stereotypes , but also in the prevention of offences , given their typical close contact with groups at risk of violence and victims. ### (61) in order to counteract underreporting and prevent secondary victimisation , member states should also liaise with law enforcement authorities in the development of trainings in particular regarding harmful gender stereotypes , but also in the prevention of offences , given their typical close contact with groups at risk of violence and victims and should involve specialist services and civil society organisations in law enforcement training , especially to target harmful stereotypes and misconceptions about sexual and domestic violence.


### (61) in order to counteract underreporting , member states should also liaise with law enforcement authorities in the development of trainings in particular regarding harmful gender stereotypes , but also in the prevention of offences , given their typical close contact with groups at risk of violence and victims. ### (61) in order to counteract underreporting , member states should also liaise with law enforcement authorities in the development of trainings in particular regarding harmful gender stereotypes and prejudices , including multiple discrimination grounds , but also in the prevention of offences , given their typical close contact with groups at risk of violence and victims.


### (64) policies to adequately tackle violence against women and domestic violence can only be formulated on the basis of comprehensive and comparable disaggregated data. in order to effectively monitor developments in the member states and fill the gaps of comparable data , member states should regularly conduct surveys using the harmonised methodology of the commission (eurostat) to gather data and transmit these data to the commission (eurostat). ### (64) policies to adequately tackle violence against women and domestic violence can only be formulated on the basis of comprehensive and comparable disaggregated data. in order to effectively monitor developments in the member states and fill the gaps of comparable data , member states should regularly conduct surveys using the harmonised methodology of the commission (eurostat) to gather data and transmit these data to the commission (eurostat) and the european institute of gender equality. for the purpose of the analysis of the aggregated data , both eurostat and eige should be reinforced adequately.


### (64) policies to adequately tackle violence against women and domestic violence can only be formulated on the basis of comprehensive and comparable disaggregated data. in order to effectively monitor developments in the member states and fill the gaps of comparable data , member states should regularly conduct surveys using the harmonised methodology of the commission (eurostat) to gather data and transmit these data to the commission (eurostat). ### (64) policies to adequately tackle violence against women and domestic violence can only be formulated on the basis of comprehensive and comparable disaggregated data. in order to effectively monitor developments in the member states and fill the gaps of comparable data , member states should no less than every two years conduct surveys using the harmonised methodology of the commission (eurostat) to gather data and transmit these data to the commission (eurostat).


### (65) member states should ensure that the data collected are limited to what is strictly necessary in relation to supporting the monitoring of the prevalence and trends of violence against women and domestic violence and design new policy strategies in this field. when sharing the data collected , no personal data should be included. ### (65) member states should ensure that the data collected are limited to what is strictly necessary in relation to supporting the monitoring of the prevalence and trends of violence against women and domestic violence and design new policy strategies in this field. data collected should include the context in which the offence took place , such as at home , at the workplace or online , as well as information about whether a victim is at a heightened risk of experiencing gender-based violence , as this will inform future targeted policy actions. it should also include whether violence was committed against victims affected by intersectional discrimination as defined in recital 11. when sharing the data collected , no personal data should be included.


### (65) member states should ensure that the data collected are limited to what is strictly necessary in relation to supporting the monitoring of the prevalence and trends of violence against women and domestic violence and design new policy strategies in this field. when sharing the data collected , no personal data should be included. ### (65) member states should ensure that the data collected are limited to what is strictly necessary in relation to supporting the monitoring of the prevalence and trends of violence against women and domestic violence and design new policy strategies in this field. when sharing the data collected , no personal data should be included , in a way to protect anonymity and confidentiality , and respect the key principles of data protection and fundamental rights.


### 1. when implementing the measures under this directive , member states shall take into consideration the increased risk of violence faced by victims experiencing discrimination based on a combination of sex and other grounds so as to cater to their enhanced protection and support needs , as set out in article 18(4) , article 27(5) and article 37(7). ### 1. when implementing the measures under this directive , member states shall take into consideration the increased risk of violence faced by victims experiencing discrimination based on a combination of sex or gender and other grounds , as well as to victims at an increased risk of domestic violence , so as to cater to their enhanced protection and support needs , as set out in article 18(4) , article 27(5) , article 35(1) and article 37(7).


### “violence against women” means gender-based violence , that is directed against a woman or a girl because she is a woman or a girl or that affects women or girls disproportionately , including all acts of such violence that result in , or are likely to result in , physical , sexual , psychological or economic harm or suffering , including threats of such acts , coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty , whether occurring in public or in private life; ### “violence against women” is understood as a violation of human rights and a form of discrimination against women and shall means all acts of means gender-based violence , that is directed against a woman or a girl because she is a woman or a girl or that affects women or girls disproportionately , including all acts of such violence that result in , or are likely to result in , physical , sexual , psychological or economic harm or suffering , including threats of such acts , coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty , whether occurring in public or in private life;


### “domestic violence” means all acts of violence that result in , or are likely to result in , physical , sexual , psychological or economic harm or suffering , that occur within the family or domestic unit , irrespective of biological or legal family ties , or between former or current spouses or partners , whether or not the offender shares or has shared a residence with the victim; ### “domestic violence” means all acts of violence or threats of acts , of physical , sexual , psychological or economic that result in , or are likely to result in , physical , sexual , psychological or economic harm or suffering , that occur within the family or domestic unit , irrespective of biological or legal family ties , or between former or current spouses or partners , whether or not the offender shares or has shared a residence with the victim;


### “domestic violence” means all acts of violence that result in , or are likely to result in , physical , sexual , psychological or economic harm or suffering , that occur within the family or domestic unit , irrespective of biological or legal family ties , or between former or current spouses or partners , whether or not the offender shares or has shared a residence with the victim; ### “domestic violence” means all acts of violence or coercive control that result in , or are likely to result in , physical , sexual , psychological , social or economic harm or suffering , that occur within the family or domestic unit , irrespective of biological or legal family ties , or between former or current spouses or partners , whether or not the offender shares or has shared a residence with the victim;


### “victim” means any person , regardless of sex or gender , unless specified otherwise , who has suffered harm , which was directly caused by acts of violence covered under this directive , including child witnesses of such violence; ### “victim” means any person , regardless of sex or gender , unless specified otherwise , who has suffered harm , which was directly caused by one-off or repeated acts of violence covered under this directive , including child witnesses of such violence;


### “sexual harassment at work” means any form of unwanted verbal , non-verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature , where it occurs in the course of , linked with , or arising in matters of employment , occupation and self-employment , with the purpose or effect of violating the dignity of the victim , in particular when creating an intimidating , hostile , degrading , humiliating or offensive environment; ### “sexual harassment in the world of work” means any form of unwanted verbal , non-verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature , where it occurs in the course of , linked with , or arising in matters of employment , occupation and self-employment , with the purpose or effect of violating the dignity of the victim , in particular when creating an intimidating , hostile , degrading , humiliating or offensive environment;


### engaging with a woman in any non-consensual act of vaginal , anal or oral penetration of a sexual nature , with any bodily part or object; ### engaging with a woman in any non-consensual act of vaginal , anal or oral penetration of a sexual nature , with any bodily part or object , or engaging in any other non-consensual act of a sexual nature that is , in view of the gravity of the act , comparable to penetration;


### 2. member states shall ensure that a non-consensual act is understood as an act which is performed without the woman’s consent given voluntarily or where the woman is unable to form a free will due to her physical or mental condition , thereby exploiting her incapacity to form a free will , such as in a state of unconsciousness , intoxication , sleep , illness , bodily injury or disability. ### 2. member states shall ensure that a non-consensual act is understood as an act which is performed without the woman’s consent given voluntarily or where the woman is unable to form a free will due to her physical or mental condition , thereby exploiting her incapacity to form a free will , such as in a state of unconsciousness , intoxication , sleep , illness , bodily injury or disability , a non-consensual act which can be accepted and taken into account by courts.


### 3. consent can be withdrawn at any moment during the act. the absence of consent cannot be refuted exclusively by the woman’s silence , verbal or physical non-resistance or past sexual conduct. ### 3. consent can be withdrawn at any moment during the act. the absence of consent cannot be refuted exclusively by the woman’s silence , verbal or physical non-resistance or past sexual conduct. consent can not be bought in exchange of an economic compensation.


### making intimate images , or videos or other material depicting sexual activities , of another person without that person’s consent accessible to a multitude of end-users by means of information and communication technologies; ### making intimate images , or videos or other material depicting sexual activities , nudity or intimate areas of another person without that person’s consent accessible to a multitude of end-users by means of information and communication technologies;


### making intimate images , or videos or other material depicting sexual activities , of another person without that person’s consent accessible to a multitude of end-users by means of information and communication technologies; ### making intimate images , or videos or other material depicting sexual activities , of another person without that person’s consent accessible to end-users by means of information and communication technologies;


### placing another person under continuous surveillance , without that person’s consent or legal authorisation to do so , by means of information and communication technologies , to track or monitor that person’s movements and activities; ### placing another person under continuous surveillance , without that person’s consent or legal authorisation to do so , by means of information and communication technologies , to track or monitor that person’s movements and activities and later use the recordings made to intimidate and manipulate them;


### making material containing the personal data of another person , without that person’s consent , accessible to a multitude of end-users , by means of information and communication technologies , for the purpose of inciting those end-users to cause physical or significant psychological harm to the person. ### making material containing the personal data of another person , without that person’s consent , accessible to a multitude of end-users , by means of information and communication technologies , for the purpose of inciting those end-users to cause or threaten to cause physical or economic , or significant psychological harm to the person.


### making material containing the personal data of another person , without that person’s consent , accessible to a multitude of end-users , by means of information and communication technologies , for the purpose of inciting those end-users to cause physical or significant psychological harm to the person. ### making material containing the personal data of another person , without that person’s consent , accessible to a multitude of end-users , by means of information and communication technologies , for the purpose of inciting those end-users to cause physical or significant psychological harm to the person , with a view to intimidating and manipulating them.


### initiating an attack with third parties directed at another person , by making threatening or insulting material accessible to a multitude of end-users , by means of information and communication technologies , with the effect of causing significant psychological harm to the attacked person; ### initiating an attack with third parties directed at another person , by making threatening or insulting material accessible to a multitude of end-users , by means of information and communication technologies , with the effect of causing significant psychological harm to the attacked person; this includes "cyber flashing": the sending of unsolicited sexual images via information or communication technologies and social media platforms;


### initiating an attack with third parties directed at another person , by making threatening or insulting material accessible to a multitude of end-users , by means of information and communication technologies , with the effect of causing significant psychological harm to the attacked person; ### initiating an attack with third parties directed at another person , by making threatening or insulting material accessible to a multitude of end-users , by means of information and communication technologies , with the effect of intimidating and manipulating the victim/s; and also causing significant psychological harm to the attacked person;


### initiating an attack with third parties directed at another person , by making threatening or insulting material accessible to a multitude of end-users , by means of information and communication technologies , with the effect of causing significant psychological harm to the attacked person; ### initiating or participating in an attack directed at another person , by making threatening or insulting material accessible to other end-users , by means of information and communication technologies , with the effect of causing psychological harm to the attacked person;


### 4. member states shall ensure that the criminal offence referred to in article 6 is punishable by a maximum penalty of at least 5 years of imprisonment and at least 7 years of imprisonment if the offence was committed under aggravating circumstances referred to in article 13. ### 4. member states shall ensure that the criminal offences referred to in articles 6 and 6a are punishable by a maximum penalty of at least 5 years of imprisonment and at least 7 years of imprisonment if the offence was committed under aggravating circumstances referred to in article 13.


### 3. member states shall take the necessary measures to provide for a limitation period for criminal offences referred to in article 6 of at least 10 years from the time when the offence was committed. ### deleted


### 3. member states shall take the necessary measures to provide for a limitation period for criminal offences referred to in article 6 of at least 10 years from the time when the offence was committed. ### 3. member states shall take the necessary measures to provide for a limitation period for criminal offences referred to in articles 6 and 6a of at least 10 years from the time when the offence was committed.


### 1. in addition to the rights of victims when making a complaint under article 5 of directive 2012/29/eu , member states shall ensure that victims can report criminal offences of violence against women or domestic violence to the competent authorities in an easy and accessible manner. this shall include the possibility of reporting criminal offences online or through other information and communication technologies , including the possibility to submit evidence , in particular concerning reporting of criminal offences of cyber violence. ### 1. in addition to the rights of victims when making a complaint under article 5 of directive 2012/29/eu , member states shall ensure that victims , including those with disabilities and living in institutions , can report criminal offences of violence against women or domestic violence to the competent authorities in an easy and accessible manner , including through the use of braille and sign language. this shall include the possibility of reporting criminal offences online or through other accessible information and communication technologies , including the possibility to submit evidence , in particular concerning reporting of criminal offences of cyber violence.


### 1. in addition to the rights of victims when making a complaint under article 5 of directive 2012/29/eu , member states shall ensure that victims can report criminal offences of violence against women or domestic violence to the competent authorities in an easy and accessible manner. this shall include the possibility of reporting criminal offences online or through other information and communication technologies , including the possibility to submit evidence , in particular concerning reporting of criminal offences of cyber violence. ### 1. in addition to the rights of victims when making a complaint under article 5 of directive 2012/29/eu , member states shall ensure that victims are informed that they can report criminal offences of violence against women or domestic violence to the competent authorities in an easy and accessible manner. this shall include the possibility of reporting criminal offences online or through other information and communication technologies , including the possibility to submit evidence , in particular concerning reporting of criminal offences of cyber violence.