### the degradation , fragmentation and unsustainable use of land in the eu is jeopardising the provision of several key ecosystem services , threatening biodiversity and increasing europe’s vulnerability to climate change and natural disasters . it is also driving soil degradation . more than 25% of the eu’s territory is affected by soil erosion by water , which compromises soil functions and affects the quality of freshwater . soil contamination and sealing are also persistent problems . more than half a million sites across the eu are thought to be contaminated and until they are identified and assessed , they continue to pose potentially serious environmental and health risks . every year more than 1 000 km² of land are taken for housing , industry , transport or recreational purposes . these long - term changes are difficult or costly to reverse , and nearly always involve trade - offs between various social , economic and environmental needs . member states’ planning decisions relating to land use should be made more sustainable . ### the degradation , fragmentation and unsustainable use of land in the eu is jeopardising the provision of several key ecosystem services , threatening biodiversity and increasing europe’s vulnerability to climate change and natural disasters . it is also driving soil degradation and desertification . more than 25% of the eu’s territory is affected by soil erosion by water , which compromises soil functions and affects the quality of freshwater . soil contamination and sealing are also persistent problems . more than half a million sites across the eu are thought to be contaminated and until they are identified and assessed , they continue to pose potentially serious environmental , economic and social risks , including health risks . every year more than 1 000 km² of land are taken for housing , industry , transport or recreational purposes . these long - term changes are difficult or costly to reverse , and nearly always involve trade - offs between various social , economic and environmental needs . member states’ planning decisions relating to land use should be made more sustainable , especially taking biodiversity conservation and water protection into account .


### all sectors of the economy will need to contribute to reducing ghg emissions for the eu to deliver its fair share of global efforts . the eu needs to agree the next steps for its climate and energy framework beyond 2020 in order to prepare itself for international negotiations on a new legally binding agreement , but also to provide member states and industry with a clear framework to make the medium - term investments needed . hence the eu needs to consider policy options for delivering the reductions set out in the low - carbon economy roadmap for the period beyond 2020 . the 2050 energy roadmap and the white paper on transport need to be underpinned by strong policy frameworks . moreover , member states need to develop and put in place long - term , cost - effective low - carbon development strategies aimed at achieving the eu objective of reducing ghg emissions by 80% to 95% by mid - century , compared to 1990 , as part of a global effort to limit average temperature increase to below 2°c . the eu emissions trading system will continue to be a central pillar of eu climate policy beyond 2020 . ### all sectors of the economy will need to contribute to reducing ghg emissions for the eu to deliver on its commitments and reach the objective of reducing ghg emissions by 80 - 95% by 2050 . the eu urgently needs to agree the next steps towards a new climate and energy framework beyond 2020 with three legally binding targets for emission reduction , energy efficiency and renewable energy in order to prepare itself for an active engagement in international negotiations on a new legally binding agreement by 2015 , but also to provide member states and industry with a clear legal framework to make the medium - and long - term investments needed . hence the eu needs to consider policy options for delivering the reductions set out in the low - carbon economy roadmap for the period beyond 2020 in line with the proposed milestones and latest science . the 2050 energy roadmap and the white paper on transport need to be underpinned by strong policy frameworks , milestones and targets for the years 2030 , 2040 and 2050 . moreover , member states need to develop and put in place long - term , cost - effective low - carbon development strategies aimed at achieving the eu objective of decarbonization by mid - century , compared to 1990 , as part of a global effort to limit average temperature increase to below 2°c . the eu emissions trading system will continue to be a central pillar of eu climate policy beyond 2020 and needs to be structurally reformed to incentivise investments in low - carbon and sustainable technologies . in order to fulfil its international commitments , the eu needs to substantially supported developing countries in their efforts to mitigate climate change through capacity - building , financial aid and technology transfer .


### air quality in the eu has significantly improved ### indoor and outdoor air quality in the eu has significantly improved to who recommended levels and in accordance with who guidelines .


### working towards a more effective un structure for sustainable development through strengthening unep in line with the outcome of rio + 20 , while continuing to strive for an upgrade of unep ' s status to that of un agency , and supporting ongoing efforts to enhance synergies between multilateral environmental agreements ; ### working towards a more effective un structure for sustainable development , in particular its environmental dimension through : further strengthening the united nations environment programme in line with the outcome of rio + 20 , building on the decision by the unep governing council to establish a un environment assembly , while continuing to strive for an upgrade of unep ' s status to that of a specialised agency ; supporting efforts to enhance synergies between multilateral environmental agreements , in particular in the chemicals and waste and the biodiversity clusters ; and c ) contributing to ensuring a strong and authoritative voice for the environment in the work of the high level political forum on sustainable development .


### the overall environmental impact of eu industry in all major industrial sectors is significantly reduced , and resource efficiency increased . ### the overall environmental impact of eu industry in all major industrial sectors is significantly reduced , resource efficiency has increased due to market and policy incentives that reward best practices by business . resource efficiency throughout the production chain and lifecycle of a product can be measured and benchmarked .


### establishing a more coherent framework for sustainable production and consumption . reviewing product legislation with a view to improving the environmental performance and resource efficiency of products throughout their lifecycle . setting targets for the reduction of the overall impact of consumption . ### establishing a more coherent legal framework for sustainable production and consumption . reviewing product legislation with a view to improving the environmental performance and resource efficiency of products throughout their lifecycle . setting targets for the reduction of the overall impact of consumption . combating food wastage . universalising environmental labelling of products .


### measures will also be taken to further improve the environmental performance of goods and services on the eu market over their whole life cycle through measures to increase the supply of environmentally sustainable products and stimulate a significant shift in consumer demand for these products . this will be achieved using a balanced mix of incentives for consumers and businesses , including smes , market - based instruments and regulations to reduce the environmental impacts of their operations and products . existing product legislation such as the ecodesign and energy label directives and the ecolabel regulation will be reviewed with a view to improving the environmental performance and resource efficiency of products throughout their lifecycle , thus ensuring a more coherent framework for sustainable production and consumption in the eu . ### some existing policy instruments relating to production and consumption are limited in scope . there is a need for a framework that gives appropriate signals to producers and consumers to promote resource efficiency and the circular economy . measures will be taken to further improve the environmental performance of goods and services on the eu market over their whole life cycle through measures to increase the supply of environmentally sustainable products and stimulate a significant shift in consumer demand for these products . this will be achieved using a balanced mix of incentives for consumers and businesses , including smes , market - based instruments and regulations to reduce the environmental impacts of their operations and products . consumers should receive accurate and reliable information about the products they purchase , including in relation to environmental claims . resource efficient business models such as product service systems , including leasing of products should also be supported . existing product legislation such as the ecodesign and energy label directives and the ecolabel regulation will be reviewed with a view to improving the environmental performance and resource efficiency of products throughout their lifecycle , and addressing existing provisions through a more coherent legislative framework for sustainable production and consumption in the eu . this legislative framework supported by lifecycle indicators would address the fragmentation and scope limitations of the existing sustainable consumption and production acquis , and identify and fill gaps in policy , incentives and legislation to ensure minimum requirements for environmental performance of products .


### a long - term and predictable policy framework in all these areas will help to stimulate the level of investments and action needed to fully develop markets for greener technologies and promote sustainable business solutions . resource efficiency indicators and targets are needed to provide the necessary guidance for public and private decision - makers in transforming the economy . they will become an integral part of this programme once agreed at union level . ### a long - term and predictable policy framework in all these areas will help to stimulate the level of investments and action needed to fully develop markets for greener technologies and promote sustainable business solutions . resource efficiency indicators and targets for the water footprint , land footprint , material footprint and carbon footprint are needed by 2015 to provide the necessary guidance for public and private decision - makers in transforming the economy . they will become an integral part of this programme once agreed at union level .


### the europe 2020 strategy ' s ‘ resource - efficient europe’ flagship initiative aims to support the shift towards an economy that is efficient in the way it uses all resources , decouples absolutely economic growth from resource and energy use and its environmental impacts , reduces ghg emissions , enhances competitiveness through efficiency and innovation and promotes greater energy security . the roadmap to resource efficient europe and the roadmap for moving to a competitive low - carbon economy are key building blocks of the initiative , setting out the framework for future actions to deliver on these objectives . ### the europe 2020 strategy ' s ‘ resource - efficient europe’ flagship initiative aims to support the shift towards an economy that is efficient in the way it uses all resources , reduces the overall resource extraction and use , decouples absolutely economic growth from resource and energy use and its environmental impacts , reduces ghg emissions , enhances competitiveness through efficiency and innovation and promotes greater energy and resource security . the roadmap to a resource efficient europe and the roadmap for moving to a competitive low - carbon economy are key building blocks of the initiative , setting out the framework for future actions to deliver on these objectives .


### turning waste into a resource , as called for in the resource efficiency roadmap , requires the full implementation of eu waste legislation across the eu , based on strict application of the waste hierarchy and covering different types of waste . additional efforts are needed to : reduce per capita waste generation in absolute terms , limit energy recovery to non - recyclable materials , phase out landfilling , ensure high quality recycling , and develop markets for secondary raw materials . hazardous waste will need to be managed so as to minimise significant adverse effects on human health and the environment , as agreed at the rio + 20 summit . to achieve this , market - based instruments that privilege prevention , recycling and re - use should be applied much more systematically across the eu . barriers facing recycling activities in the eu internal market should be removed and existing prevention , re - use , recycling , recovery and landfill diversion targets reviewed so as to move towards a ‘ circular’ economy , with a cascading use of resources and residual waste close to zero . ### turning waste into a resource , as called for in the resource efficiency roadmap , requires the full implementation of eu waste legislation across the eu , based on strict application of the waste hierarchy and covering different types of waste . additional efforts are needed to : reduce per capita waste generation in absolute terms , limit energy recovery to non - recyclable materials , phase out landfilling , ensure high quality recycling , and develop markets for secondary raw materials . hazardous waste will need to be managed so as to minimise significant adverse effects on human health and the environment , as agreed at the rio + 20 summit . to achieve this , a combination of various market - based instruments that privilege prevention , recycling and re - use should be applied much more systematically across the eu . barriers facing recycling activities in the eu internal market should be removed and existing prevention , re - use , recycling , recovery and landfill diversion targets reviewed so as to move towards a ‘ circular’ economy , with a cascading use of resources and residual waste close to zero .


### fully implementing eu waste legislation . this will include applying the waste hierarchy and the effective use of market - based instruments and measures to ensure that landfilling is effectively phased out , energy recovery is limited to non - recyclable materials , recycled waste is used as a major , reliable source of raw material for the eu , hazardous waste is safely managed and its generation is reduced , illegal waste shipments are eradicated and internal market barriers for environmentally - sound recycling activities in the eu are removed . ### fully implementing and strengthening eu waste legislation as well as achieving near zero waste . this will include strictly applying the waste hierarchy and the effective use of market - based instruments and measures to ensure that landfilling is effectively phased out , energy recovery is limited to non - recyclable materials , non - toxic material cycles are stimulates so that recycled waste is used as a major , reliable source of raw material for the eu , there is a high - quality source segregation system in place , hazardous waste is safely managed and its generation is reduced , illegal waste shipments are eradicated and internal market barriers for environmentally - sound recycling activities in the eu are removed . this will require a systemic review of eu waste policies in line with the move towards a circular economy as well as setting ambitious recycling and prevention targets .


### developing an eu strategy for a non - toxic environment , supported by a comprehensive chemical exposure and toxicity knowledge base and conducive to innovation of sustainable substitutes . ### developing by 2015 an eu strategy for a non - toxic environment , including horizontal measures for documentation of safety of nanomaterials and similar advanced materials and implementation of horizontal chemical regulation to secure against combination effects , to minimize exposure to endocrine disruptors and to ensure adequate management of the risk of chemical in products , including imported products . horizontal measures that ensures safety of nanomaterials . this supported by a comprehensive chemical exposure and toxicity knowledge base and conducive to innovation of sustainable substitutes .


### drawing up partnership implementation agreements between member states and the commission . ### drawing up partnership implementation agreements between member states and the commission in order to assist member states to prevent or remedy problems occurred .


### to live well in the future , urgent , concerted action should be taken now to improve ecological resilience and maximise the benefits environment policy can deliver for the economy and society , while respecting the planet’s ecological limits . this programme reflects the eu’s commitment to transforming itself into an inclusive green economy that secures growth and development , safeguards human health and well - being , provides decent jobs , reduces inequalities and invests in and preserves natural capital . ### to live well in the future , urgent , concerted action should be taken now to improve ecological resilience and maximise the benefits environment policy can deliver for the economy and society , while respecting the planet’s ecological limits . this programme reflects the eu’s commitment to transforming itself into an inclusive green economy that secures growth and development , safeguards human health and well - being , provides decent jobs , reduces inequalities and invests in and preserves biodiversity and the ecosystem services it provides - natural capital – for its intrinsic value and for its essential contribution to human wellbeing and economic prosperity .


### in addition to mandatory green public procurement requirements for certain product categories , most member states have adopted voluntary action plans and many have set targets for specific product groups . there is , however , considerable scope for administrations at all levels to further reduce their environmental impact through their purchasing decisions . member states and regions should take further steps to reach the target of applying green procurement criteria to at least 50% of public tenders . the commission will assess the possibility of introducing further sector - specific legislation to set mandatory green public procurement rules for additional product categories . ### in addition to mandatory green public procurement requirements for certain product categories , most member states have adopted voluntary action plans and many have set targets for specific product groups . there is , however , considerable scope for administrations at all levels to further reduce their environmental impact through their purchasing decisions . member states and regions should take further steps to reach the target of applying green procurement criteria to at least 50% of public tenders . the commission will propose further sector - specific legislation to set mandatory green public procurement rules for additional product categories .


### this transformation requires the full integration of environment issues into other policies , such as energy , transport , agriculture , fisheries , economy and industry , research and innovation , employment and social policy so as to create a coherent , joined - up approach . action within the eu should also be complemented by enhanced global action and cooperation with neighbouring countries to tackle common challenges . ### this transformation requires the full integration of environment issues into other policies , such as energy , transport , agriculture , fisheries , international trade , economy and industry , research and innovation , employment , social policy and education and training so as to create a coherent , joined - up approach . action within the eu should also be complemented by enhanced global action and cooperation with neighbouring countries to tackle common challenges .


### fully implementing the climate and energy package and agreeing on the eu ' s climate and energy policy framework for the period beyond 2020 . ### fully implementing the climate and energy package and agreeing on the eu ' s climate and energy policy framework for the period beyond 2020 by setting three legally binding targets for the year 2030 be in line with the milestones laid down in the roadmap for moving to a competitive and low carbon economy in 2050 including an assessment to increase the 2020 climate target to 30% .


### coordinating and focusing research efforts at eu and member state levels on addressing key environmental knowledge gaps , including the risks of environmental tipping - points . ### coordinating , promoting and focusing research efforts at eu and member state levels on addressing key environmental knowledge gaps , including the risks of environmental tipping - points .


### air quality in the eu has significantly improved ### indoor and outdoor air quality in the eu has significantly improved , in line with the levels recommended by the world health organisation


### progressively phasing out environmentally harmful subsidies , increasing the use of market - based instruments , including taxation , pricing and charging , and expanding markets for environmental goods and services , with due regard to any adverse social impacts . ### the commission and the member states adopting , without delay and by 2014 , concrete plans based on the definition in point annex i , paragraph 82 , point a for progressively phasing out all environmentally harmful subsidies by 2020 and to report on progress through the national reform programmes ; increasing the use of market - based instruments , including a shift from labour to environmental taxation , pricing and charging , and expanding markets for environmental goods and services , with due regard to any adverse social impacts .


### adopting a systematic approach to risk management . ### adopting a systematic and integrated approach to risk management .


### the union and member states will need to put in place the right conditions to ensure that environmental externalities are adequately addressed and that the right market signals are sent to the private sector , with due regard to any adverse social impacts . this will involve applying the polluter - pays principle more systematically , through phasing out environmentally harmful subsidies and shifting taxation away from labour towards pollution . as natural resources become increasingly scarce , the economic rent and profits associated with their ownership or exclusive use may increase . public intervention to ensure that such rents are not excessive and that externalities are taken into account will lead to more efficient use of these resources and will help to avoid market distortions , as well as generate public revenue . environment and climate priorities will be pursued in the framework of the european semester where these are relevant to the sustainable growth prospects of individual member states to which country - specific recommendations are addressed . other market - based instruments , such as payments for ecosystem services , should be used more extensively at eu and national level to incentivise private sector involvement and sustainable management of natural capital . ### the union and member states will need to put in place the right conditions to ensure that environmental externalities are adequately addressed and that the right market signals are sent to the private sector , with due regard to any adverse social impacts . this will involve applying the polluter - pays principle more systematically , through phasing out environmentally harmful subsidies and shifting taxation away from labour towards pollution and resource consumption . as natural resources become increasingly scarce , the economic rent and profits associated with their ownership or exclusive use may increase . public intervention to ensure that such rents are not excessive and that externalities are taken into account will lead to more efficient use of these resources and will help to avoid market distortions , as well as generate public revenue . environment and climate priorities will be pursued in the framework of the european semester through the introduction of lead indicators where these are relevant to the sustainable growth prospects of individual member states to which country - specific recommendations are addressed . other market - based instruments , such as payments for ecosystem services , should be used more extensively at eu and national level to incentivise private sector involvement and sustainable management of natural capital .


### engaging in multilateral environmental processes , including the unfccc , cbd and the chemicals - related conventions , as well as other relevant fora , such as the international civil aviation organization and the international maritime organization , in a more consistent , proactive and effective way with a view to ensuring that commitments for 2020 are met at eu and global level , and to agree on international action to be taken beyond 2020 . ### engaging in multilateral environmental processes , including the unfccc , cbd , cites , icrw , and the chemicals - related conventions , as well as other relevant fora , such as the international civil aviation organization and the international maritime organization , in a more consistent , proactive and effective way with a view to ensuring that commitments for 2020 are met at eu and global level , and to agree on international action to be taken beyond 2020 .


### to reduce the most significant man - made pressures on land , soil and other ecosystems in europe , action will be taken to ensure that decisions relating to land use at all relevant levels give proper consideration to environmental as well as social and economic impacts . the rio + 20 summit outcome called for a ' land degradation neutral world ' . the eu and member states should reflect on how best to make such a commitment operational within their respective competencies as well as to address soil quality issues within a binding legal framework42 . targets will also be set for sustainable land use and soil . ### to reduce the most significant man - made pressures on land , soil and other ecosystems in europe , action will be taken to ensure that decisions relating to land use at all relevant levels give proper consideration to environmental as well as social and economic impacts . the rio + 20 summit outcome called for a ' land degradation neutral world ' . the eu and member states should , without delay , reflect on how best to make such a commitment operational within their respective competencies . sustainable land and soil use must be part and parcel of a comprehensive and binding set of european rules on the protection and sustainable use of the soil . since soil , environmental and climate protection are inextricably linked , the adoption of binding rules applicable throughout the eu is fundamental to the achievement of eu climate objectives , the protection of biodiversity and the safeguarding of agricultural productivity .


### the combination effects of chemicals and safety concerns related to endocrine disruptors are effectively addressed , and risks for the environment and health associated with the use of hazardous substances , including chemicals in products , is assessed and minimised . ### the combination effects of chemicals and safety concerns related to endocrine disruptors are effectively addressed across relevant eu legislation , and risks for the environment and health associated with the use of hazardous substances , including chemicals in products , are assessed and minimised . .


### however , recent assessments show that biodiversity in the eu is still being lost and that most ecosystems are seriously degraded . the eu biodiversity strategy to 2020 sets out targets and actions needed to reverse these negative trends and to enhance ecosystem services . it must be implemented in full to enable the eu to meet its biodiversity headline target for 2020 . whereas the strategy includes built - in measures to improve the implementation of the birds and habitats directives , including the natura 2000 network , reaching the headline target will require the full implementation of all existing legislation aimed at protecting natural capital . ### however , recent assessments show that biodiversity in the eu is still being lost and that most ecosystems are seriously degraded . invasive alien species pose greater risks than previously thought for biodiversity , human health and economies . the eu biodiversity strategy to 2020 sets out targets and actions needed to reverse these negative trends and to enhance ecosystem services . it must be implemented in full to enable the eu to meet its biodiversity headline target for 2020 . whereas the strategy includes built - in measures to improve the implementation of the birds and habitats directives , including the natura 2000 network , reaching the headline target will require the full implementation of all existing legislation aimed at protecting natural capital .


### increasing efforts , inter alia , to ensure that healthy fish stocks are achieved by 2020 at the latest , starting by fishing at , or below , maximum sustainable yield levels as from 2015 in all fisheries , and establish an eu - wide quantitative reduction target for marine litter . ### increasing efforts , inter alia , to ensure that healthy fish stocks are achieved by 2020 at the latest , starting by fishing at , or below , maximum sustainable yield levels as from 2015 in all fisheries , and establish an eu - wide quantitative reduction target for marine litter ; in addition , setting up integrated , coherent coastal management in order to ensure a long - term balance between environmental protection and the sustainable exploitation of marine and coastal areas ;


### evidence for eu environment policy is based on environmental monitoring , data , indicators and assessments linked to the implementation of eu legislation , as well as formal scientific research and ‘ citizen science’ initiatives . there has been considerable progress on strengthening this evidence base , raising awareness and improving the confidence of policy - makers and the public in the evidence - based approach to policy , facilitating their understanding of complex environmental and societal challenges . ### evidence for eu environment policy is based on environmental monitoring , data , indicators and assessments linked to the implementation of eu legislation , as well as formal scientific research and ‘ citizen science’ initiatives . there has been considerable progress on strengthening this evidence base , raising awareness and improving the confidence of policy - makers and the public in the knowledge - based approach to policy , facilitating their understanding of complex environmental and societal challenges .


### working towards a more effective un structure for sustainable development through strengthening unep in line with the outcome of rio + 20 , while continuing to strive for an upgrade of unep ' s status to that of un agency , and supporting ongoing efforts to enhance synergies between multilateral environmental agreements ; ### working towards a more effective un structure for sustainable development , in particular its environmental dimension through : further strengthening the united nations environment programme in line with the outcome of rio + 20 , building on the decision by the unep governing council to establish a un environment assembly , while continuing to strive for an upgrade of unep ' s status to that of a specialised agency ; supporting efforts to enhance synergies between multilateral environmental agreements , in particular in the chemicals and waste and the biodiversity clusters ; and c ) contributing to ensuring a strong and authoritative voice for the environment in the work of the high level political forum on sustainable development .


### this transformation requires the full integration of environment issues into other policies , such as energy , transport , agriculture , fisheries , economy and industry , research and innovation , employment and social policy so as to create a coherent , joined - up approach . action within the eu should also be complemented by enhanced global action and cooperation with neighbouring countries to tackle common challenges . ### this transformation requires the full integration of environment issues into other policies , such as energy , transport , agriculture , fisheries , economy and industry , research and innovation , employment , trade , development , foreign affairs and security , and social policy so as to create a coherent , joined - up approach . action within the eu should also be complemented by enhanced global action and cooperation with neighbouring countries to tackle common challenges


### the eu’s economic prosperity and well - being is underpinned by its natural capital , which includes ecosystems that provide essential goods and services , from fertile soil and multi - functional forests to productive land and seas , from fresh water and clean air to pollination , flood control and climate regulation and protection against natural disasters . a substantial body of eu legislation seeks to protect , conserve and enhance natural capital , including the water framework directive , the marine strategy framework directive , the air quality and related directives and the habitats and birds directives . legislation to tackle climate change , chemicals , industrial emissions and waste also contribute to easing the pressures on biodiversity , including ecosystems , species and habitats . ### the eu’s economic prosperity and well - being is underpinned by its natural capital , i . e . its biodiversity , including ecosystems that provide essential goods and services , from fertile soil and multi - functional forests to productive land and seas , from fresh water and clean air to pollination , flood control and climate regulation and protection against natural disasters . a substantial body of eu legislation seeks to protect , conserve and enhance natural capital , including the water framework directive , the urban wastewater directive1 , the nitrates directive2 , the marine strategy framework directive , the air quality and related directives and the habitats and birds directives . legislation to tackle climate change , chemicals , industrial emissions and waste also contribute to easing the pressures on biodiversity , including ecosystems , soil and species and habitats . __________________ 1 directive 91 / 271 / eec . 2 directive 91 / 676 / eec .


### there is also considerable potential for improving waste management in the eu to make better use of resources , open up new markets , create new jobs and reduce dependence on imports of raw materials , while having lower impacts on the environment . each year in the eu , 2 . 7 billion tonnes of waste are produced , of which 98 million tonnes is hazardous . on average , only 40 % of solid waste is re - used or recycled . the rest goes to landfill or incineration . in some member states , more than 70 % of waste is recycled , showing how waste could be used as one of the eu ' s key resources . at the same time , many member states landfill over 75 % of their municipal waste . ### there is also considerable potential for improving waste management in the eu to make better use of resources and secondary raw materials , open up new markets , create new jobs and reduce dependence on imports of raw materials , while having lower impacts on the environment . each year in the eu , 2 . 7 billion tonnes of waste are produced , of which 98 million tonnes is hazardous . on average , only 40 % of solid waste is re - used or recycled . the rest goes to landfill or incineration . in some member states , more than 70 % of waste is recycled , showing how waste could be used as one of the eu ' s key resources . at the same time , many member states landfill over 75 % of their municipal waste .


### the degradation , fragmentation and unsustainable use of land in the eu is jeopardising the provision of several key ecosystem services , threatening biodiversity and increasing europe’s vulnerability to climate change and natural disasters . it is also driving soil degradation . more than 25% of the eu ' s territory is affected by soil erosion by water , which compromises soil functions and affects the quality of freshwater . soil contamination and sealing are also persistent problems . more than half a million sites across the eu are thought to be contaminated and until they are identified and assessed , they continue to pose potentially serious environmental and health risks . every year more than 1 000 km² of land are taken for housing , industry , transport or recreational purposes . these long - term changes are difficult or costly to reverse , and nearly always involve trade - offs between various social , economic and environmental needs . member states ' planning decisions relating to land use should be made more sustainable . ### the degradation , fragmentation and unsustainable use of land in the eu is jeopardising the provision of several key ecosystem services , threatening biodiversity and increasing europe’s vulnerability to climate change and natural disasters . it is also driving soil degradation . more than 25% of the eu ' s territory is affected by soil erosion by water , which compromises soil functions and affects the quality of freshwater . soil contamination and sealing are also persistent problems . more than half a million sites across the eu are thought to be contaminated and until they are identified and assessed , they continue to pose potentially serious environmental and health risks . every year more than 1 000 km² of land are taken for housing , industry , transport or recreational purposes . this artificial sealing of the soil has an adverse impact on the natural water cycle , because surface water can no longer seep into the ground and replenish the groundwater . since the soil is , for example , no longer able to absorb and store rainwater , the increased run - off leads to flooding and a shortage of drinking water . these long - term changes are difficult or costly to reverse , and nearly always involve trade - offs between various social , economic and environmental needs . for this reason , member states ' planning decisions relating to land use should define exactly which areas are to be released for building and impose restrictions on the size of those areas . sufficient green areas should be set aside to offset the unavoidable impact of large - scale sealing .


### innovation to improve resource efficiency is required across the economy to improve competitiveness in the context of rising resource prices , scarcity and supply constraints . the business sector is the prime driver of innovation , including eco - innovation . however , markets will not deliver on their own . government action , at union and member state level , is essential to provide the right framework conditions for eco - innovation , stimulating the development of sustainable business or technological solutions to environmental challenges . ### innovation to improve resource efficiency and reduce the overall resource use is required across the economy to improve competitiveness in the context of rising resource prices , import dependency , scarcity and supply constraints . as a contribution to secure raw materials supply , innovation partnerships between the industry and waste management sector as well as research for the recyclability of important technology raw materials need to be reinforced . the business sector , in response to regulatory signals coming from ambitious environmental legislation , is the prime driver of innovation , including eco - innovation . however , markets will not deliver on their own . government action , at union and member state level , is essential to provide the right legal framework conditions for investments and eco - innovation , stimulating the development of sustainable business or technological solutions to environmental challenges .


### simplifying , streamlining and modernising environmental and climate change data and information collection , management and sharing . ### simplifying , streamlining and modernising environmental and climate change data and information collection , management and sharing – including the development and implementation of a european shared environmental information system .


### to reduce the most significant man - made pressures on land , soil and other ecosystems in europe , action will be taken to ensure that decisions relating to land use at all relevant levels give proper consideration to environmental as well as social and economic impacts . the rio + 20 summit outcome called for a ‘ land degradation neutral world’ . the eu and member states should reflect on how best to make such a commitment operational within their respective competencies as well as to address soil quality issues within a binding legal framework . targets will also be set for sustainable land use and soil . ### to reduce the most significant man - made pressures on land , soil and other ecosystems in europe , action will be taken to ensure that decisions relating to land use at all relevant levels give proper consideration to environmental as well as social and economic impacts . the rio + 20 summit outcome , recognizing the economic and social significance of good land management , called for a ‘ land degradation neutral world’ . the eu and member states should reflect on how best to make such a commitment operational within their respective competencies as well as how to address soil quality issues using a risk - based approach within a binding legal framework drawing on relevant aspects of the commission’s proposal for a directive establishing a framework for the protection of soil and amending directive 2004 / 35 / ec . targets should also be set for sustainable land use and soil .


### union environment policy should continue to draw on a sound evidence base . ### union environment policy should continue to draw on a sound knowledge and evidence base and be responsive to new scientific findings .


### establishing a more coherent framework for sustainable production and consumption . reviewing product legislation with a view to improving the environmental performance and resource efficiency of products throughout their lifecycle . setting targets for the reduction of the overall impact of consumption . ### establishing a more coherent legal framework for sustainable production and consumption , covering the complete production cycle from sustainable sourcing until end of life recovery . reviewing product legislation with a view to improving the environmental performance and resource efficiency of products throughout their lifecycle , increase consistency between existing instruments and developing a front runner approach . stimulating consumer demand for environmentally sustainable products and services by increasing the availability , affordability , functionality and attractiveness of these . setting targets for the reduction of the overall impact of consumption by 2015 .


### the degradation , fragmentation and unsustainable use of land in the eu is jeopardising the provision of several key ecosystem services , threatening biodiversity and increasing europe’s vulnerability to climate change and natural disasters . it is also driving soil degradation . more than 25% of the eu’s territory is affected by soil erosion by water , which compromises soil functions and affects the quality of freshwater . soil contamination and sealing are also persistent problems . more than half a million sites across the eu are thought to be contaminated and until they are identified and assessed , they continue to pose potentially serious environmental and health risks . every year more than 1 000 km² of land are taken for housing , industry , transport or recreational purposes . these long - term changes are difficult or costly to reverse , and nearly always involve trade - offs between various social , economic and environmental needs . member states’ planning decisions relating to land use should be made more sustainable . ### the degradation , fragmentation and unsustainable use of land in the eu is jeopardising the provision of several key ecosystem services , threatening biodiversity and increasing europe’s vulnerability to climate change and natural disasters . it is also driving soil degradation and desertification . more than 25% of the eu’s territory is affected by soil erosion by water , which compromises soil functions and affects the quality of freshwater . soil contamination and sealing are also persistent problems . more than half a million sites across the eu are thought to be contaminated and until they are identified and assessed , they continue to pose potentially serious environmental , economic and social risks , including health risks . every year more than 1 000 km² of land are taken for housing , industry , transport or recreational purposes . these long - term changes are difficult or costly to reverse , and nearly always involve trade - offs between various social , economic and environmental needs . member states’ planning decisions relating to land use should be made more sustainable , especially taking biodiversity conservation and water protection into account .


### all sectors of the economy will need to contribute to reducing ghg emissions for the eu to deliver its fair share of global efforts . the eu needs to agree the next steps for its climate and energy framework beyond 2020 in order to prepare itself for international negotiations on a new legally binding agreement , but also to provide member states and industry with a clear framework to make the medium - term investments needed . hence the eu needs to consider policy options for delivering the reductions set out in the low - carbon economy roadmap for the period beyond 2020 . the 2050 energy roadmap and the white paper on transport need to be underpinned by strong policy frameworks . moreover , member states need to develop and put in place long - term , cost - effective low - carbon development strategies aimed at achieving the eu objective of reducing ghg emissions by 80% to 95% by mid - century , compared to 1990 , as part of a global effort to limit average temperature increase to below 2°c . the eu emissions trading system will continue to be a central pillar of eu climate policy beyond 2020 . ### all sectors of the economy will need to contribute to reducing ghg emissions for the eu to deliver on its commitments and reach the objective of reducing ghg emissions by 80 - 95% by 2050 . the eu urgently needs to agree the next steps towards a new climate and energy framework beyond 2020 with three legally binding targets for emission reduction , energy efficiency and renewable energy in order to prepare itself for an active engagement in international negotiations on a new legally binding agreement by 2015 , but also to provide member states and industry with a clear legal framework to make the medium - and long - term investments needed . hence the eu needs to consider policy options for delivering the reductions set out in the low - carbon economy roadmap for the period beyond 2020 in line with the proposed milestones and latest science . the 2050 energy roadmap and the white paper on transport need to be underpinned by strong policy frameworks , milestones and targets for the years 2030 , 2040 and 2050 . moreover , member states need to develop and put in place long - term , cost - effective low - carbon development strategies aimed at achieving the eu objective of decarbonization by mid - century , compared to 1990 , as part of a global effort to limit average temperature increase to below 2°c . the eu emissions trading system will continue to be a central pillar of eu climate policy beyond 2020 and needs to be structurally reformed to incentivise investments in low - carbon and sustainable technologies . in order to fulfil its international commitments , the eu needs to substantially supported developing countries in their efforts to mitigate climate change through capacity - building , financial aid and technology transfer .


### however , the pace of current developments and uncertainties surrounding likely future trends requires further steps to maintain and strengthen this evidence base to ensure policy in the eu continues to draw on a sound understanding of the state of the environment , possible response options and their consequences . ### however , the pace of current developments and uncertainties surrounding likely future trends requires further steps to maintain and strengthen this knowledge and evidence base to ensure policy in the eu continues to draw on a sound understanding of the state of the environment , possible response options and their consequences .


### waste is safely managed as a resource , waste generated per capita is in absolute decline , energy recovery is limited to non - recyclable materials and landfilling of recyclable and compostable materials is effectively eradicated . ### waste is safely managed as a resource , waste generated per capita is in absolute decline , energy recovery is limited to non - recyclable materials and landfilling of recyclable , compostable and combustible materials is effectively eradicated .


### the loss of biodiversity and the degradation of ecosystem services are halted and ecosystems and their services are maintained and enhanced . ### the loss of biodiversity and the degradation of ecosystem services are halted and ecosystems and their services are maintained , restored and enhanced , in particular through the full implementation and effective conservation of the natura 2000 network supported by prioritized action frameworks , and the implementation of the ' no nett loss principle ' .


### developing an eu strategy for a non - toxic environment , supported by a comprehensive chemical exposure and toxicity knowledge base and conducive to innovation of sustainable substitutes . ### developing by 2018 an eu strategy for a non - toxic environment building on horizontal measures to be undertaken by 2015 to ensure by specific provisions in all relevant laws 1 ) the safety of nanomaterials and similar advanced materials ; 2 ) the minimisation of exposure to endrocrine disrupters ; 3 ) appropriate regulatory approaches to address combination effects of chemicals and 4 ) the minimisation of exposure to chemicals in products , including inter alia imported products , with a view to promoting non - toxic material cycles and reducing indoor exposure to harmful substances . this should be supported by a comprehensive chemical exposure and toxicity knowledge base , which would accelerate efficient decision - making and promote innovation and the development of sustainable substitutes .


### environmental sustainability is key to reducing poverty and ensuring quality of life and economic growth . at rio + 20 , world leaders renewed their commitment to sustainable development and recognised the inclusive green economy as an important tool for achieving sustainable development , and the crucial role of a healthy environment in ensuring food security and reducing poverty . in the light of a growing population in an increasingly urbanised world , these challenges will include the need for action on water , oceans , sustainable land and ecosystems , resource efficiency , sustainable energy and climate change , including through the phase out of fossil fuel subsidies . they will need to be addressed through tailor - made approaches at local , national or union level , as well as committed engagement in international efforts to develop the solutions needed to ensure sustainable development globally . ### ensuring sustainability is one of the most pressing challenges facing the world today and is key to ending poverty and ensuring prosperity and wellbeing for all . at rio + 20 , world leaders renewed their commitment to sustainable development and to ensuring the promotion of an economically , socially and environmentally sustainable future for the planet , for present and future generations . they also recognised that the inclusive green economy is an important tool for achieving sustainable development , and the crucial role of a healthy environment in ensuring food security and reducing poverty . in the light of a growing population in an increasingly urbanised world , these challenges will include the need for international action in a number of areas such as water , oceans , sustainable land and ecosystems , resource efficiency , sustainable energy and climate change , including through the phase out of environmentally harmful subsidies , including fossil fuel subsidies . in addition to translating these commitments into action at the local , national and eu level , the eu will engage proactively in international efforts to develop the solutions needed to ensure sustainable development globally .


### horizontal chemicals legislation provides baseline protection for human health and the environment and promotes the uptake of evolving non - animal testing methods . however , there is still uncertainty about the impacts on human health and the environment from the combined effects of different chemicals , nanomaterials , chemicals that interfere with the endocrine system and chemicals in products . in recent years , more information has come to light on the need for action to deal with these challenges , especially if the eu is to attain the goal agreed at the world summit on sustainable development in 2002 , and reaffirmed at the rio + 20 summit , to have ensured ‘ the minimisation of significant adverse effects’ of chemicals on human health and the environment by 2020 and to respond to new and emerging issues and challenges in an effective , efficient , coherent and coordinated manner . the eu will further develop and implement approaches to address combination effects of chemicals and safety concerns related to endocrine disruptors and set out a comprehensive approach for minimising adverse effects of hazardous substances , including chemicals in products , supported by a comprehensive chemical exposure and toxicity knowledge base . the safety and sustainable management of nanomaterials will be ensured as part of a comprehensive approach involving risk assessment and management , information and monitoring . together these approaches will increase the chemical knowledge base and provide a predictable framework driving the development of more sustainable solutions . ### horizontal chemicals legislation provides baseline protection for human health and the environment and promotes the uptake of evolving non - animal testing methods . however , there is still uncertainty about the full impacts on human health and the environment from the combined effects of different chemicals , nanomaterials , chemicals that interfere with the endocrine system and chemicals in products . in recent years , more information has come to light on the need for action to deal with these challenges , especially if the eu is to attain the goal agreed at the world summit on sustainable development in 2002 , and reaffirmed at the rio + 20 summit , to have ensured the minimisation of exposure to chemicals on human health and the environment by 2020 and to respond to new and emerging issues and challenges in an effective , efficient , coherent and coordinated manner . the eu will further develop and implement approaches including provisions for industry to address combination effects of chemicals and safety concerns related to endocrine disruptors and set out a comprehensive approach for minimising adverse effects of hazardous substances across all relevant eu legislation , including chemicals in products , supported by a comprehensive chemical exposure and toxicity knowledge base taking into account the precautionary principle to protect in particular vulnerable groups from exposure . the safety and sustainable management of nanomaterials will be ensured as part of a comprehensive approach involving risk assessment and management , information and monitoring . together these approaches will increase the chemical knowledge base and provide a predictable framework driving the development of more sustainable solutions .


### strengthening efforts to reach full compliance with eu air quality legislation and defining strategic targets and actions beyond 2020 . ### reaching full compliance with eu air quality legislation and defining strategic targets and actions beyond 2020 .


### progressively phasing out environmentally harmful subsidies , increasing the use of market - based instruments , including taxation , pricing and charging , and expanding markets for environmental goods and services , with due regard to any adverse social impacts . ### the commission and the member states to adopt , without delay and by 2014 , concrete plans based on the definition in point annex i , paragraph 82 , point a for progressively phasing out all environmentally harmful subsidies by 2020 , including subsidies that incentivise inefficient use of renewable resources , and to report on progress through the national reform programmes ; increasing the use of market - based instruments , including a minimum ten per cent shift from labour to environmental taxation , pricing and charging , and expanding markets for environmental goods and services , with due regard to any adverse social impacts .


### fully implementing the eu climate and energy package is essential to reach the milestones identified for 2020 and for building a competitive , low - carbon economy by 2050 . whereas the eu is currently on track to reduce domestic ghg emissions 20 % below 1990 levels by 2020 , meeting the 20 % energy efficiency target will require far more rapid efficiency improvements . this is also important in the light of still - growing demand for energy and the on - going debate on conflicts between land use for food and for bio - energy . the new energy efficiency directive is expected to make a significant contribution in this regard . ### fully implementing the eu climate and energy package is essential to reach the three targets set for 2020 and for building a competitive , sustainable , low - carbon economy based on a high renewable energy supply by 2050 . whereas the eu is currently on track to reduce domestic ghg emissions 20 % below 1990 levels by 2020 and might be able to achieve even more , meeting the 20 % energy efficiency target will require far more rapid efficiency improvements at all scales . this is also important in the light of still - growing demand for energy and the increasing competition for land for food and energy purposes . it is therefore important to ensure that biomass used for energy is limited in volume to what can be sustainably supplied respecting the ' cascading use ' principle . whereas the new energy efficiency directive is expected to make a significant contribution in this regard , it should be complemented by setting requirements for the energy use of all energy related products entering the eu market .


### taking further steps to reduce emissions of nitrogen and phosphorus , including those from urban and industrial wastewater and from fertiliser use . ### taking further steps to reduce emissions of nitrogen and phosphorus , including those from urban and industrial wastewater through a better control at source and from fertiliser use through a better control of their use .


### ' by way of derogation from paragraph 2 , in mayotte , laying hens in lay on 1 january 2014 and reared at that date in cages as referred to in this chapter may continue to be reared in such cages until 31 december 2014 ' ### ' by way of derogation from paragraph 2 , in mayotte , laying hens in lay on 1 january 2014 and reared at that date in cages as referred to in this chapter may continue to be reared in such cages until 31 december 2017 '


### – by 31 december 2027 at the latest for all agglomerations . ### – by 31 december 2027 at the latest for municipalities of more than 2000 p . e . .


### in the field of agriculture , as regards council directive 1999 / 74 / ec of 19 july 1999 laying down minimum standards for the protection of laying hens5 it is noted that , in mayotte , laying hens are reared in unenriched cages . in view of the considerable investment and preparatory work required for replacing unenriched cages by enriched cages or alternative systems , it is necessary , in respect of laying hens in lay on 1 january 2014 , to postpone the prohibition of using unenriched cages for a period of up to 12 months from that date . replacement of the cages during the laying cycle of the hens should thereby be avoided . in order to prevent distortions of competition , eggs derived from establishments using unenriched cages should be marketed only on the local market of mayotte . in order to facilitate the necessary controls , eggs produced in unenriched cages should bear a special mark . __________________ 5 oj l 203 , 3 . 8 . 1999 , p . 53 . ### in the field of agriculture , as regards council directive 1999 / 74 / ec of 19 july 1999 laying down minimum standards for the protection of laying hens5 it is noted that , in mayotte , laying hens are reared in unenriched cages . in view of the considerable investment and preparatory work required for replacing unenriched cages by enriched cages or alternative systems , it is necessary , in respect of laying hens in lay on 1 january 2014 , to postpone the prohibition of using unenriched cages for a period of up to four years from that date . replacement of the cages during the laying cycle of the hens should thereby be avoided . in order to prevent distortions of competition , eggs derived from establishments using unenriched cages should be marketed only on the local market of mayotte . in order to facilitate the necessary controls , eggs produced in unenriched cages should bear a special mark . __________________ 5 oj l 203 , 3 . 8 . 1999 , p . 53 .


### – by 31 december 2020 at the latest for agglomerations of more than 10 000 p . e . , which will cover at least 70% of the load generated in mayotte ; ### – by 31 december 2020 at the latest for agglomerations of more than 15 000 p . e . , which will cover at least 70% of the load generated in mayotte ;


### – by 31 december 2020 at the latest for agglomerations of more than 10 000 p . e . which , along with those agglomerations referred to in article 4 , will cover at least 70% of the load generated in mayotte ; ### – by 31 december 2020 at the latest for agglomerations of more than 15 000 p . e . which , along with those agglomerations referred to in article 4 , will cover at least 70% of the load generated in mayotte ;


### horizon 2020 - the framework programme for research and innovation in the european union , focuses on three priorities , namely generating excellent science in order to strengthen the union ' s world - class excellence in science , fostering industrial leadership to support business , including small and medium - sized enterprises and innovation and tackling societal challenges , in order to respond directly to the challenges identified in the europe 2020 strategy by supporting activities covering the entire spectrum from research to market . horizon 2020 should support all stages in the innovation chain , especially activities closer to the market including innovative financial instruments , as well as non - technological and social innovation , and aims to satisfy the research needs of a broad spectrum of union policies by placing emphasis on the widest possible use and dissemination of knowledge generated by the supported activities up to its commercial exploitation . the priorities of horizon 2020 should also be supported through a programme under the euratom treaty on nuclear research and training . ### horizon 2020 - the framework programme for research and innovation in the european union , focuses on three priorities , namely generating excellent science in order to strengthen the union ' s world - class excellence in science , fostering industrial leadership to support business , including small and medium - sized enterprises and innovation and tackling societal challenges , in order to respond directly to the challenges identified in the europe 2020 strategy by supporting activities covering the entire spectrum from basic and applied research to market and society . horizon 2020 should support all stages in the research and innovation chain , especially activities closer to society and the market including innovative financial instruments , as well as non - technological and social innovation , and aims to satisfy the research needs of a broad spectrum of union policies by placing emphasis on the widest possible use and dissemination of knowledge generated by the supported activities up to its social and / or commercial exploitation . the priorities of horizon 2020 should also be supported through a programme under the euratom treaty on nuclear research and training .


### key activities shall be to encourage experienced researchers to broaden or deepen their skills by means of mobility by opening attractive career opportunities in universities , research institutions , businesses , smes and other socio - economic groups all over europe and beyond . opportunities to restart a research career after a break shall also be supported . ### key activities shall be to encourage experienced researchers to broaden or deepen their skills by means of mobility by opening attractive career opportunities in universities , research institutions , businesses , smes and other socio - economic groups all over europe and beyond . key regard should be taken of the role of women in science , and potential barriers to their entry into the field . opportunities to restart a research career after a break and flexible working arrangements shall also be supported .


### horizon 2020 - the framework programme for research and innovation in the european union , focuses on three priorities , namely generating excellent science in order to strengthen the union ' s world - class excellence in science , fostering industrial leadership to support business , including small and medium - sized enterprises and innovation and tackling societal challenges , in order to respond directly to the challenges identified in the europe 2020 strategy by supporting activities covering the entire spectrum from research to market . horizon 2020 should support all stages in the innovation chain , especially activities closer to the market including innovative financial instruments , as well as non - technological and social innovation , and aims to satisfy the research needs of a broad spectrum of union policies by placing emphasis on the widest possible use and dissemination of knowledge generated by the supported activities up to its commercial exploitation . the priorities of horizon 2020 should also be supported through a programme under the euratom treaty on nuclear research and training . ### horizon 2020 - the framework programme for research and innovation in the european union , focuses on three priorities , namely generating excellent science in order to strengthen the union ' s world - class excellence in science , fostering industrial leadership to support business , including small and medium - sized enterprises and innovation and tackling societal challenges , in order to respond directly to the challenges identified in the europe 2020 strategy by supporting activities covering the entire spectrum from research to market . horizon 2020 should support all stages in the innovation chain , especially activities closer to the market including innovative financial instruments , as well as non - technological and social innovation , and activities that can promote social inclusion across communities , and aims to satisfy the research needs of a broad spectrum of union policies by placing emphasis on the widest possible use and dissemination of knowledge generated by the supported activities up to its commercial exploitation . the priorities of horizon 2020 should also be supported through a programme under the euratom treaty on nuclear research and training .


### erc funding shall be awarded in accordance with the following well - established principles . scientific excellence shall be the sole criterion on which erc grants are awarded . the erc shall operate on a ‘ bottom - up’ basis without predetermined priorities . the erc grants shall be open to individual teams of researchers of any age and from any country in the world , working in europe . and the erc shall aim to foster healthy competition across europe . ### erc funding shall be awarded in accordance with the following well - established principles . scientific excellence in any field of knowledge shall be the sole criterion on which erc grants are awarded . the erc shall operate on a ‘ bottom - up’ basis without predetermined priorities . the erc grants shall be open to individual teams of researchers of any age and from any country in the world , working in europe . and the erc shall aim to foster healthy competition across europe .


### the specific objective ‘ inclusive , innovative and secure societies’ also includes an activity to close the research and innovation divide with specific measures to unlock excellence in less developed regions of the union . ### the specific objective ‘ inclusive , innovative and secure societies’ also includes an activity to close the research and innovation divide with specific measures to unlock excellence in less developed regions of the union . it also includes activities , strategies , methodologies and tools needed to enable a dynamic and sustainable cultural heritage for europe .


### key activities shall be to encourage experienced researchers to broaden or deepen their skills by means of mobility by opening attractive career opportunities in universities , research institutions , businesses , smes and other socio - economic groups all over europe and beyond . opportunities to restart a research career after a break shall also be supported . ### key activities shall be to encourage experienced researchers to broaden or deepen their skills by means of mobility by opening attractive career opportunities in universities , research institutions , businesses , smes and other socio - economic groups all over europe and beyond , offering researchers the opportunity to be trained and to acquire new knowledge in a third - country high - level research organisation , and subsequently return . key regard shall be taken of the role of women in science , and potential barriers to their entry into the field . opportunities to restart a research career after a break and flexible working arrangements shall also be supported .


### the aim is to enhance solidarity as well as social , economic and political inclusion and positive inter - cultural dynamics in europe and with international partners , through cutting - edge science and interdisciplinarity , technological advances and organisational innovations . humanities research can play an important role here . research shall support policymakers in designing policies that combat poverty and prevent the development of various forms of divisions , discriminations and inequalities in european societies , such as gender inequalities or digital or innovation divides , and with other world regions . it shall in particular feed into the implementation and the adaptation of the europe 2020 strategy and the broad external action of the union . specific measures shall be taken to unlock excellence in less developed regions , thereby widening participation in horizon 2020 . ### the aim is to enhance solidarity as well as social , economic and political inclusion and positive inter - cultural dynamics in europe and with international partners , through cutting - edge science and interdisciplinarity , technological advances and organisational innovations . research in the field of human and social sciences can play an important role here . research in the field of humanites shall reveal , develop , preserve and designate the multidimentional european cultural heritage by creating new scientific disciplines , thus new innovation fields and jobs . research in social sciences shall support policymakers in designing policies that combat poverty and prevent the development of various forms of divisions , discriminations and inequalities in european societies , such as gender inequalities or digital or innovation divides , and with other world regions . it shall in particular feed into the implementation and the adaptation of the europe 2020 strategy and the broad external action of the union . specific measures shall be taken to unlock excellence in less developed regions , thereby widening participation in horizon 2020 .


### smes can be found in all sectors of the economy . they form a more important part of the european economy than of other regions such as the united states of america . all types of smes can innovate . they need to be encouraged and supported to invest in research and innovation . in doing so they should be able to draw on the full innovative potential of the internal market and the era so as to create new business opportunities in europe and beyond and to contribute to find solutions to key societal challenges . ### smes can be found in all sectors of the economy . they form a more important part of the european economy than of other regions such as the united states of america . all types of smes can innovate . they need to be encouraged and supported to invest in research and innovation and to increase links and partnerships with universities and other research institutions . in doing so they should be able to draw on the full innovative potential of the internal market and the era so as to create new business opportunities in europe and beyond and to contribute to find solutions to key societal challenges .


### the in - built complexity of these challenges and the evolutions of demands thus make it essential to develop innovative research and new smart technologies , processes and methods , social innovation mechanisms , coordinated actions and policies that will anticipate or influence major evolutions for europe . it calls for understanding the underlying trends and impacts at play in these challenges and rediscovering or reinventing successful forms of solidarity , coordination and creativity that make europe a distinctive model of inclusive , innovative and secure societies compared to other world regions . it requires a more strategic approach to cooperation with third countries . finally , as security policies should interact with different social policies , enhancing the societal dimension of security research will be an important aspect of this challenge . ### the in - built complexity of these challenges and the evolutions of demands thus make it essential to develop innovative research and new smart technologies , processes and methods , social innovation mechanisms , coordinated actions and policies that will anticipate or influence major evolutions for europe . it calls for understanding the underlying trends and impacts at play in these challenges and rediscovering or reinventing successful forms of solidarity , coordination and creativity that make europe a distinctive model of inclusive , innovative and secure societies compared to other world regions . this requires a specific focus on the cultural heritage of europe , and an approach which identifies activities which rejuvenate and bring people together across communities . it also requires a more strategic approach to cooperation with third countries . finally , as security policies should interact with different social policies , enhancing the societal dimension of security research will be an important aspect of this challenge .


### securing the energy supply of the union by promoting the development of marine energy sources , the development of new and renewable forms of energy , the interconnection of energy networks , and energy efficiency ; ### securing the energy supply of the union , improving the integration of the internal energy market and contributing to sustainable development and environmental protection through the development of new and renewable forms of energy , the interconnection of energy networks , and energy efficiency ;


### nature conservation sites . ### nature conservation sites and natura 2000 areas ;


### this directive establishes a framework for maritime spatial planning and integrated coastal management aiming at promoting the sustainable growth of maritime and coastal economies and the sustainable use of marine and coastal resources . ### this directive establishes a framework for maritime spatial planning and integrated coastal management aiming at protecting the coastline , promoting the sustainable growth of maritime and coastal economies and the sustainable use of marine and coastal resources .


### this directive establishes a framework for maritime spatial planning and integrated coastal management aiming at promoting the sustainable growth of maritime and coastal economies and the sustainable use of marine and coastal resources . ### this directive establishes a framework for maritime spatial planning and integrated coastal management aiming at promoting the sustainable development of maritime and coastal economies and the sustainable use of marine and coastal resources .


### conservation , restoration and management of coastal ecosystems , ecosystem services and nature , coastal landscapes and islands ; ### conservation , restoration and management of coastal ecosystems , protected deltas and wetland areas , ecosystem services and nature , coastal landscapes and islands ;


### maritime spatial plans and integrated coastal management strategies shall apply an ecosystem - based approach to facilitate the co - existence and prevent conflicts between competing sector activities in marine waters and coastal zones , and shall aim to contribute to : ### maritime spatial plans and integrated coastal management strategies shall promote sustainable development through an ecosystem - based approach to facilitate the co - existence and prevent conflicts between competing sector activities in marine waters and coastal zones , with the full participation of all human stakeholders , and shall aim to contribute to :


### conservation , restoration and management of coastal ecosystems , ecosystem services and nature , coastal landscapes and islands ; ### protection , conservation , restoration and management of coastal ecosystems , natural resources , ecosystem services and nature , coastal landscapes and islands ;


### maritime spatial plans and integrated coastal management strategies shall apply an ecosystem - based approach to facilitate the co - existence and prevent conflicts between competing sector activities in marine waters and coastal zones , and shall aim to contribute to : ### maritime spatial plans and integrated coastal management strategies shall apply an ecosystem - based approach to facilitate collaborative activity and cooperation on preventing conflicts between competing sector activities in marine waters and coastal zones , and shall aim to contribute to :


### ensuring the preservation , protection and improvement of the environment as well as the prudent and rational use of natural resources , notably in order to achieve good environmental status , halt the loss of biodiversity and degradation of ecosystem services and reduce marine pollution risks ; ### ensuring the preservation , protection and improvement of the environment as well as the prudent and rational use of natural resources , notably in order to achieve good environmental status , halt the loss of biodiversity and degradation of ecosystem services and reduce the risks of polluting water and coastal areas ;


### this directive establishes a framework for maritime spatial planning and integrated coastal management aiming at promoting the sustainable growth of maritime and coastal economies and the sustainable use of marine and coastal resources . ### this directive establishes a framework for maritime spatial planning and integrated coastal management aiming at promoting the sustainable development of maritime and coastal areas and securing sustainable economic growth and the sustainable use of marine and coastal resources .


### when establishing maritime spatial plans member states shall take into consideration , at least , the following activities : ### when establishing maritime spatial plans member states shall take into consideration activities such as :


### when establishing maritime spatial plans member states shall take into consideration , at least , the following activities : ### when establishing maritime spatial plans member states shall take into consideration , at least , the following elements :


### promoting the development of maritime transport and providing efficient and cost - effective shipping routes across europe , including port accessibility and transport safety ; ### ensuring the sustainable development of maritime transport and providing efficient and cost - effective shipping routes across europe , including port accessibility and transport safety ;


### ensuring climate resilient coastal and marine areas . ### ensuring that coastal and marine areas are more resilient to climate change impacts .


### the power to adopt delegated acts referred to in articles 5 and 14 shall be conferred on the commission for an indeterminate period from 1 january 2014 . ### the power to adopt delegated acts referred to in articles 5 and 14 shall be conferred on the commission for a period of five years from 1 january 2014 . the commission shall draw up a report in respect of the delegation of power not later than nine months before the end of the five - year period . the delegation of power shall be tacitly extended for periods of an identical duration , unless the european parliament or the council opposes such extension not later than three months before the end of each period .


### draft legislative resolution ### recalls its resolution of 8 june 2011 on investing in the future : a new multiannual financial framework for a competitive , sustainable and inclusive europe1 ; reiterates that sufficient additional resources are needed in the next mff in order to enable the union to fulfil its existing policy priorities and the new tasks provided for in the treaty of lisbon , as well as to respond to unforeseen events ; points out that even with an increase in the level of resources for the next mff of at least 5 % compared to the 2013 level only a limited contribution can be made to the achievement of the union’s agreed objectives and commitments and the principle of union solidarity ; challenges the council , if it does not share this approach , to clearly identify which of its political priorities or projects could be dropped altogether , despite their proven european added value ; ________________ 1 texts adopted , p7_ta0266


### it shall be established in a member state , or in a third country provided that the third country : ### it shall be established in a member state , or in a third country provided that that member state or third country :


### the commission may be assisted by representatives of end users , independent experts , in particular on security issues , and by representatives of the relevant national agencies , in particular national space agencies , to provide it with the necessary technical and scientific expertise and user feedback . ### the commission may be assisted by representatives of end users , independent experts , in particular on security issues , and by representatives of the relevant national agencies , in particular national / regional space agencies or their associations , to provide it with the necessary technical and scientific expertise and user feedback .


### the commission may entrust , in part or in full , where duly justified by the special nature of the action and specific expertise of the union body the implementation tasks described in article 4 to competent union bodies . among such agencies are : ### the commission may entrust , by means of delegation agreements , in part or in full , where duly justified by the special nature of the action and specific expertise , mandate , operation and management capacity of the union body , the implementation tasks described in article 3 to competent union bodies . among such agencies are :


### the original data and information produced from space - borne observations , as well as from available in - situ data shall be accurate and reliable , supplied on a long term and sustainable basis and respond to the requirements of copernicus user communities . the access to those data shall be full , open and free of charge , subject to the conditions defined in or on the basis of this regulation . ### specific objectives in order to attain the general objectives described under paragraph 1 , copernicus shall have the following specific objectives : delivering accurate and reliable data and information , supplied on a long term and sustainable basis and responding to the requirements of copernicus user communities , i . e . those comprising european , national , regional or local entities entrusted with the definition , implementation , enforcement or monitoring of a public service or policy area referred to in article 4 ; providing sustainable and reliable access to space - borne data and information from an autonomous union earth observation capacity with consistent technical specifications and building on existing european and national assets and capabilities , complementing them whenever necessary ; providing sustainable and reliable access to in - situ data based on existing capacities and on global observation systems and networks .


### protection of the environment and provision of support to civil protection and security efforts ; ### monitoring and protection of the environment and provision of support to civil protection and civil security efforts ;


### the international dimension of copernicus is of particular relevance in the exchange of data and information , as well as in access to observation infra - structure . such an exchange system is more cost - efficient than data - buy schemes and strengthens the global dimension of the programme . ### the international dimension of copernicus is of particular relevance in the exchange of data and information , as well as in access to observation infra - structure . such an exchange system , when based on true reciprocity , is more cost - efficient than data - buy schemes and strengthens the global dimension of the programme .


### recent events highlighted the risks of offshore oil and gas exploration and production activities to maritime transport and the marine environment . the use of the agency ' s response capabilities should be explicitly extended to cover response to pollution originating from such activities . in addition , the agency should assist the commission in analysing the safety of mobile offshore gas and oil installations , in order to identify possible weaknesses , basing its contribution on the expertise it has developed with regard to maritime safety , maritime security , the prevention of pollution caused by ships and response to marine pollution . ### recent events highlighted the risks of offshore oil and gas exploration and production activities to maritime transport and the marine environment . the use of the agency ' s capabilities should be explicitly extended to cover pollution originating from such activities . in addition , the agency should assist the commission in analysing the safety of offshore gas and oil installations , in order to identify possible weaknesses , basing its contribution on the expertise it has developed with regard to maritime safety , maritime security , the prevention of pollution caused by ships and response to marine pollution . this additional role , which offers european added value by making use of the agency ' s existing knowledge and expertise , should be accompanied by appropriate financial and staff resources .


### the agency has established itself as the authoritative provider of maritime traffic data at eu level which are of interest and relevance in other eu activities . through its activities , in particular regarding port state control , the monitoring of maritime traffic and shipping routes as well as assistance for tracking possible polluters , the agency should contribute to reinforce synergies at eu level regarding certain coastguard operations . in addition , the agency ' s data monitoring and collection should also gather basic information on potential threats to maritime transport and the marine environment from offshore oil and gas exploration and production . ### the agency has established itself as the authoritative provider of maritime traffic data at eu level which are of interest and relevance in other eu activities . through its activities , in particular regarding port state control , the monitoring of maritime traffic and shipping routes as well as assistance for tracking possible polluters , the agency should contribute to reinforce synergies at eu level regarding certain coastguard operations . in addition , the agency ' s data monitoring and collection should also gather basic information , for example on potential threats to maritime transport and the marine environment from offshore oil and gas exploration and production and on piracy .


### in order to ensure that the objectives set out in article 1 are met in the appropriate manner , the agency shall perform the tasks listed in paragraph 2 of this article in the fields of maritime safety and maritime security , the prevention of pollution caused by ships and response to marine pollution . ### in order to ensure that the objectives set out in article 1 are met in the appropriate manner , the agency shall perform the tasks listed in paragraph 2 of this article in the fields of maritime safety and maritime security , the prevention of and response to marine pollution .


### in the development and implementation of eu policies related to the agency ' s tasks such as motorways of the sea , the european maritime space without barriers , e - maritime , inland waterways , the marine strategy framework directive , climate change and in the analysis of the safety of mobile offshore gas and oil installations ; ### in the development and implementation of eu policies related to the agency ' s tasks such as motorways of the sea , the european maritime space without barriers , the ' blue belt ' project , e - maritime , inland waterways , in particular the interoperability between safeseanet and the river information system , the marine strategy framework directive , climate change and in the analysis of the safety of offshore installations ;


### regarding the investigation of maritime accidents in accordance with directive 2009 / 18 / ec of the european parliament and of the council ; the agency shall provide support to the member states in the conduct of investigations related to serious maritime accidents , and it shall carry out analysis of accident investigation reports with a view to identify added value at eu level in terms of lessons to be learnt ; ### regarding the investigation of maritime accidents in accordance with directive 2009 / 18 / ec of the european parliament and of the council ; the agency shall provide support to the member states in the conduct of investigations related to serious maritime accidents , and it shall carry out analysis of accident investigation reports with a view to identify added value at eu level in terms of lessons to be learnt . in addition , the agency shall be invited to accompany member states when they investigate accidents affecting offshore installations .


### the agency has established itself as the authoritative provider of maritime traffic data at eu level which are of interest and relevance in other eu activities . through its activities , in particular regarding port state control , the monitoring of maritime traffic and shipping routes as well as assistance for tracking possible polluters , the agency should contribute to reinforce synergies at eu level regarding certain coastguard operations . in addition , the agency ' s data monitoring and collection should also gather basic information on potential threats to maritime transport and the marine environment from offshore oil and gas exploration and production . ### the agency has established itself as the authoritative provider of maritime traffic data at eu level which are of interest and relevance in other eu activities . through its activities , in particular regarding port state control , the monitoring of maritime traffic and shipping routes as well as assistance for tracking possible polluters , the agency should contribute to reinforcing synergies at eu level regarding certain coastguard operations . furthermore , a study should be carried out to examine whether the agency , acting as a european coastguard service , should take over these tasks in future , in order to enable swifter , more effective action by the authorities . in addition , the agency ' s data monitoring and collection should also gather basic information on potential threats to maritime transport and the marine environment from offshore oil and gas exploration and production and transport .


### in the provision of technical assistance necessary to take part in the work of the technical bodies of imo , ilo , the paris memorandum of understanding on port state control and other relevant international or regional organisations ; ### in the updating and development of provisions necessary to take part in the work of the technical bodies of imo , ilo , the paris memorandum of understanding on port state control and other relevant international or regional organisations ;


### strategy papers are documents drawn up by the union to provide a coherent framework for development cooperation between the union and the partner country or region concerned , consistent with the overall purpose and scope , objectives , principles and policy of the union . the preparation and implementation of strategy papers shall comply with the principles of aid effectiveness : national ownership , partnership , coordination , harmonisation , alignment with recipient country or regional systems , mutual accountability and results orientation as laid down in article 3 to . to that end , strategy papers shall , in principle , be based on a dialogue between the union and the partner country or region , involving where appropriate , the relevant member states , and the partner country or region , involving civil society and regional and local authorities , so as to ensure that the country or region concerned takes sufficient ownership of the process and to encourage support for national development strategies , particularly those for reducing poverty . ### strategy papers are documents drawn up by the union to provide a coherent framework for development cooperation between the union and the partner country or region concerned , consistent with the overall purpose and scope , objectives , principles and policy of the union . the preparation and implementation of strategy papers shall comply with the principles of aid effectiveness : national ownership , partnership , coordination , harmonisation , alignment with recipient country or regional systems , mutual accountability and results orientation as laid down in article 3 to . to that end , strategy papers shall , in principle , be based on a dialogue between the union and the partner country or region , involving where appropriate , the relevant member states , and the partner country or region , involving civil society and regional and local authorities through thorough consultation , so as to ensure that the country or region concerned takes sufficient ownership of the process and to encourage support for national development strategies , particularly those for reducing poverty .


### promoting democracy , the rule of law , good governance and respect for human rights . ### promoting democracy , the rule of law , good governance , transparency and respect for human rights .


### the description ‘ sangria’ must be accompanied by the words ‘ produced in …’ followed by the name of the member state of production or of a more restricted region except where the product is produced in spain or portugal . ### the word ‘ sangria’ may replace the sales denomination ‘ aromatised wine - based drink’ only where the drink is manufactured in spain or portugal .


### in order to ensure the efficiency of the checks provided for in this chapter , the commission may , by means of delegated acts , adopt the necessary measures regarding the notification of operators to the competent authorities . ### in order to ensure the efficiency of the checks provided for in this chapter , the commission shall be empowered to adopt delegated acts , in accordance with article 35 , regarding the notification of operators to the competent authorities , as well as regarding checks and verification to be carried out by the member states , including testing .


### whether the financial resources that the member state has provided to developing countries are new and additional in the context of the unfccc and how this was calculated ; ### what proportion of financial resources that the member state has provided or allocated to developing countries are new and additional to the target of raising official development assistance to 0 , 7 % of gross national income , in accordance with the unfccc , and how this was calculated ;