### 264. recommends that the ecdc be given more independence in terms of information gathering and that a systematic obligation for member states be put in place to send it comprehensible data , notably on equipment stocks , bed capacities and icu admissions; ### 264. recommends that the ecdc be given more independence in terms of information gathering and that a systematic obligation for member states be put in place to send it comprehensible data , notably on equipment stocks , bed capacities , icu admissions , vaccination rates and workforce availability;


### 264. recommends that the ecdc be given more independence in terms of information gathering and that a systematic obligation for member states be put in place to send it comprehensible data , notably on equipment stocks , bed capacities and icu admissions; ### 264. considers that the ecdc should carry out better information gathering and that a systematic obligation for member states be put in place to send it comprehensible data , notably on equipment stocks , bed capacities and icu admissions;


### 265. calls on the commission to take stock of the practices and methods implemented by the european parliament , as well as national parliaments , to ensure that parliamentary democracy and the rule of law are not put on hold during crises; recommends developing , at the european level , a list of parliamentary best practices to follow in times of crisis , based on a stocktaking of new parliamentary working methods and mechanisms; ### 265. calls on the commission to take stock of and present a report on the practices and methods implemented by the european parliament , as well as national parliaments , to assure us that parliamentary democracy and the rule of law are not put on hold during crises; recommends developing , at the european level , a list of parliamentary best practices to follow in times of crisis , based on a stocktaking of new parliamentary working methods and mechanisms;


### 266. calls for the eu institutions and the member states to preserve the principles of good policymaking , including in times of crisis; reiterates that power can only be exercised within the constraints set out by law , and that any interventions made must be justifiable , proportionate , non-discriminatory , predictable and subject to monitoring by independent and impartial courts; ### 266. (does not affect the english version.)


### 267. calls for a revision of the interinstitutional agreement on better law-making30 with a view to increasing the role of parliament in the decision‐making process during crisis management , including the use of article 122 tfeu , thus enhancing democratic legitimacy and parliamentary oversight; ### 267. calls for a revision of the interinstitutional agreement on better law-making30 with a view to increasing the role of parliament in the decision‐making process during crisis management , including the use of article 122 tfeu and the enhancement of parliamentary scrutiny by giving the european parliament the opportunity to propose new laws in emergency response actions , and opportunities for codecision for various instruments used by the commission and the council , so as to bolster the legitimacy of emergency response actions , thus enhancing democratic legitimacy and parliamentary oversight;


### 268. recommends that the commission update its practical border handbook with examples of good practices for internal border management in order to increase coordination among the member states; ### 268. calls on the commission to update its practical border handbook with examples of good practices for internal border management in order to increase coordination among the member states;


### elderly and vulnerable/marginalised groups ### elderly and vulnerable/marginalised groups and care workers


### elderly and vulnerable/marginalised groups ### elderly and vulnerable groups


### 269. recommends tackling market failures in health and completing the single market for health products; ### 269. calls for market failures in health to be tackled and the single market for health products to be completed;


### 270. calls for strategic autonomy at eu level to be ensured to avoid dependency on third countries for medicines , in particular active ingredients and medical devices , including raw materials; ### 270. calls for strategic autonomy at eu level to be ensured to avoid dependency on third countries for medicines , healthcare supplies and healthcare equipment , in particular active ingredients and medical devices , including raw materials;


### 271. calls for a list of essential , priority and innovative medicines and treatments (such as biotechnology solutions) relying on existing european agencies and hera to be established at eu level to guarantee their availability for citizens; ### 271. calls for a list of essential , priority and innovative medicines , healthcare supplies and healthcare equipment and treatments (such as biotechnology solutions) relying on existing european agencies and hera to be established at eu level to guarantee their availability for all european citizens;


### 272. notes the during the pandemic the eu mobilised emergency funding under horizon 2020 and horizon europe to speed up research for a cure for covid-19. stresses that for europe to secure strategic autonomy , the eu and member states need to invest in research and innovation; ### 272. notes that during the pandemic the eu rapidly mobilised emergency funding under horizon 2020 and horizon europe to speed up research for a cure for covid-19; notes that member states also mobilised funding for studying a cure for covid-19 , but this resulted in many small scale , underpowered clinical trials that did not yield actionable; stresses that for europe to secure strategic autonomy , the eu and member states need to invest in research and innovation and must better coordinate these investment to respond more effectively to pandemics;


### 272. notes the during the pandemic the eu mobilised emergency funding under horizon 2020 and horizon europe to speed up research for a cure for covid-19. stresses that for europe to secure strategic autonomy , the eu and member states need to invest in research and innovation; ### 272. notes the during the pandemic the eu mobilised emergency funding under horizon 2020 and horizon europe to speed up research for a cure for covid-19. calls on the commission to ensure strategic autonomy , through programmes of investment in research and innovation and by supporting and developing existing production capacities in member states , such as the “cantacuzino” national institute for military medical research and development in romania and antibiotice iași in romania;


### 273. consider organising coordinated eu-wide strategic stockpiling in order to achieve the necessary coordinated , long-term action at eu level , and include health and healthcare among the shared competencies between the eu and the eu member states; ### 273. consider organising coordinated eu-wide strategic stockpiling in order to achieve the necessary coordinated , long-term action at eu level;


### 273. consider organising coordinated eu-wide strategic stockpiling in order to achieve the necessary coordinated , long‐term action at eu level , and include health and healthcare among the shared competencies between the eu and the eu member states; ### 273. calls for the coordinated creation of eu-wide strategic stockpiling in order to achieve the necessary coordinated , long‐term action at eu level , and include health and healthcare among the shared competencies between the eu and the eu member states;


### 218. considers that sustainable vaccine development , production and delivery rely on robust and transparent supply chains and not only on patents; underlines in this regard the need for a better distribution of manufacturing capacities throughout the world; ### 218. considers that sustainable vaccine development , production and delivery should rely on robust and transparent supply chains and not only on patents; underlines in this regard the need for a better distribution of manufacturing capacities throughout europe and the world;


### 219. calls for the establishment of a global network of manufacturers which would be able to rapidly adapt to the production of any vaccine required; ### 219. calls for the establishment of a european and global network of manufacturers , using all existing development and research capacities in the member states , such as the “cantacuzino” national institute for military medical research and development in romania , which would be able to rapidly adapt to the production of any vaccine required;


### 219. calls for the establishment of a global network of manufacturers which would be able to rapidly adapt to the production of any vaccine required; ### 219. calls for the establishment of a global network of manufacturers which would be able to rapidly adapt to the production of any vaccine required; supports the efforts of the who-backed mrna technology-transfer hub and encourages the european commission and member states to keep on supporting such initiatives;


### 220. urges regional organisations and entities to ensure that their governance becomes/stays scientifically-driven; ### deleted


### 221. considers that the response to covid-19 will under-perform if it is not holistic and that it cannot solely be focused on health , but must also take social and economic considerations into account at the global scale; underlines the fact that social , political and economic consequences , notably the collapse of global supply chains , arose before health systems were overwhelmed; ### 221. stresses that the response to covid-19 must be holistic and that it cannot solely be focused on health , but must also take social and economic considerations into account at the global scale;


### 221. considers that the response to covid-19 will under-perform if it is not holistic and that it cannot solely be focused on health , but must also take social and economic considerations into account at the global scale; underlines the fact that social , political and economic consequences , notably the collapse of global supply chains , arose before health systems were overwhelmed; ### 221. considers that the response to covid-19 cannot solely be focused on health and under-performed , it should also have taken social and economic considerations into account at the global scale; underlines the fact that the collapse of global supply chains encouraged the collapse of health systems and had significant political and economic consequences;


### 222. welcomes the initiative of the pandemic treaty as long as previous frameworks are assessed first and as long as it follows an ethical approach; ### 222. welcomes the initiative of the pandemic treaty as long as previous frameworks are assessed first and as long as it follows an ethical approach; calls for the simultaneous strengthening of the obligations and enforceability of the ihr , while addressing the gaps (including funding , equity and global governance) through the new pandemic instrument;


### 222. welcomes the initiative of the pandemic treaty as long as previous frameworks are assessed first and as long as it follows an ethical approach; ### 222. notes the existence of the initiative of the pandemic treaty , but emphasises the need for any such endeavour to follow a transparent , ethical , medical and legal approach;


### 222. welcomes the initiative of the pandemic treaty as long as previous frameworks are assessed first and as long as it follows an ethical approach; ### 222. welcomes the initiative of the pandemic treaty , while assessing existing framework and their efficacy;


### 223. welcomes the leading role of the eu in the discussions on the pandemic treaty; notes that the pandemic treaty has the potential to change how the global pharmaceuticals business operates in times of crisis; ### 223. welcomes the leading role of the eu in the discussions on the pandemic treaty; stresses that an international pandemic treaty can incentivise , promote and develop an innovation ecosystem capable of effectively responding to global public health threats and facilitate resilient global supply chains provided that the free movement of products and free movement of skilled people for technology transfer in times of health crises is ensured; notes that the pandemic treaty has the potential to change how the global pharmaceuticals business operates in times of crisis;


### 223. welcomes the leading role of the eu in the discussions on the pandemic treaty; notes that the pandemic treaty has the potential to change how the global pharmaceuticals business operates in times of crisis; ### 223. calls on the eu , the european parliament and the member states to play a bigger role in the discussions on the pandemic treaty;


### 224. points out that stringency and accountability regarding international health regulations are prerequisites for coordination at the global scale; ### 224. notes that stringency and accountability regarding international health regulations are normal requirements for coordination at the global scale;


### 225. considers that europe needs to find a constructive solution on ip protection; underlines that free ip alone will not solve the problem of access , that patents are useless without technology transfer and proper industrial know-how and that export restrictions and access to raw materials were obstacles to vaccine production; ### 225. recognizes long standing concerns over intellectual property rights and access to affordable medicines in low- and middle-income countries and increasingly also in high income countries. underlines the trips flexibilities , confirmed by the doha declaration , as legitimate policy measures that governments can use to protect and promote public health by putting limits and safeguards on the enforcement of ip rights;


### 225. considers that europe needs to find a constructive solution on ip protection; underlines that free ip alone will not solve the problem of access , that patents are useless without technology transfer and proper industrial know-how and that export restrictions and access to raw materials were obstacles to vaccine production; ### 225. considers that europe needs to find a constructive solution on ip protection; underlines that free ip alone will not solve the problem of access , that patents are useless without technology transfer and proper industrial know-how and that export restrictions and access to raw materials were obstacles to the production of vaccines , medicines and healthcare supplies and equipment;


### 226. underlines that compulsory licensing does not ensure that third party manufacturers in low- and middle-income countries can produce pharmaceuticals or equipment , as investment in regional and local capacities and infrastructure is also needed; notes that team europe is cooperating with african countries in this regard; ### deleted


### 226. underlines that compulsory licensing does not ensure that third party manufacturers in low- and middle-income countries can produce pharmaceuticals or equipment , as investment in regional and local capacities and infrastructure is also needed; notes that team europe is cooperating with african countries in this regard; ### 226. underlines that compulsory licensing does not ensure that third party manufacturers in low- and middle-income countries can produce pharmaceuticals or equipment , as investment in regional and local capacities and infrastructure is also needed; notes that team europe is cooperating with african countries in this regard; highlights in this regard the need for innovative vaccines , treatments , and diagnostics for new , prevalent or neglected infectious and non-communicable diseases and underlines that funding from horizon europe and the eu-africa global health and developing countries clinical trials partnership (edctp3) has the potential for boosting research , capacity building and strengthening of the regulatory environment in sub-saharan africa; notes that these partnerships work in cooperation with pharmaceutical industry and that an enabling environment is necessary to continue to develop and improve vaccines and medications for current challenges and pandemics to come;


### 226. underlines that compulsory licensing does not ensure that third party manufacturers in low- and middle-income countries can produce pharmaceuticals or equipment , as investment in regional and local capacities and infrastructure is also needed; notes that team europe is cooperating with african countries in this regard; ### 226. considers that compulsory licensing does not ensure that third party manufacturers in low- and middle-income countries can produce pharmaceuticals or equipment , as investment in regional and local capacities and infrastructure is also needed;


### 227. stresses that strong ip protection was part of the solution to create a strong and resilient eu pharmaceuticals ecosystem , because it gives the private sector incentives; underlines that ip protection helps incentivise pharmaceutical companies to develop the necessary vaccines , and that misuse of waivers may undermine long-term healthcare solutions; ### 227. notes that strong ip protection was part of the solution to create a strong and resilient eu pharmaceuticals ecosystem , because it gives the private sector incentives; underlines that ip protection helps incentivise pharmaceutical companies to develop the necessary vaccines , medicines and healthcare supplies and equipment , and that misuse of waivers may undermine long-term healthcare solutions;


### 227. stresses that strong ip protection was part of the solution to create a strong and resilient eu pharmaceuticals ecosystem , because it gives the private sector incentives; underlines that ip protection helps incentivise pharmaceutical companies to develop the necessary vaccines , and that misuse of waivers may undermine long-term healthcare solutions; ### 227. stresses that strong ip protection was part of the solution to create a strong and resilient eu pharmaceuticals ecosystem , because it gives the private sector incentives; underlines that that in case of emergencies , waivers must be provided to enhance timely global access to affordable medical countermeasures;


### the eu’s role in vaccine diplomacy ### the eu’s role in global vaccine access


### the impact of covid-19 measures , including lockdowns , on women , young people and children ### the impact of covid-19 measures , including lockdowns , on women and girls , young people and children;


### women ### women and girls;


### 228. observes that countries cannot fight a global emergency alone and international coordination is key; ### 228. observes that countries cannot fight a global emergency alone and international cooperation coordination , particularly through multilateral organisation as the un , is key;


### 230. urges europe to ensure the safety of its citizens at all times in an autonomous way and in coordination with our traditional allies through mutual support; ### deleted


### 231. notes that many developing countries across the world had trouble accessing vaccine doses due to a lack of funding , especially at the beginning of the crisis; ### 231. notes that many developing countries across the world had difficult access to vaccines due to several factors , including the current setup of the ip system which restricted the capacity to replicate production globally in a timely manner when the urgency required it;


### 231. notes that many developing countries across the world had trouble accessing vaccine doses due to a lack of funding , especially at the beginning of the crisis; ### 231. notes that many developing countries across the world had trouble accessing vaccine doses , medicines and healthcare supplies and equipment due to a lack of funding and production capacity , especially at the beginning of the crisis;


### 232. underlines that , thanks to a particularly innovative private sector , the eu had a major role in global vaccination , being home to three out of the first four safe and effective vaccines , the first producer and exporter of mrna vaccines; emphasises that this would have been impossible without ambitious public funding; ### 232. underlines that , thanks to a particularly innovative private sector , the eu had a major role in global vaccination , being home to three out of the first four safe and effective vaccines , the first producer and exporter of mrna vaccines; emphasises that this would have been impossible without ambitious public funding; calls on the commission to ensure binding access conditions are attached to eu public funding used to develop biomedical countermeasures to guarantee the availability , affordability , and accessibility of medical products to all those in need , including to low- and middle-income countries;


### 232. underlines that , thanks to a particularly innovative private sector , the eu had a major role in global vaccination , being home to three out of the first four safe and effective vaccines , the first producer and exporter of mrna vaccines; emphasises that this would have been impossible without ambitious public funding; ### 232. notes that due to european funding of the private sector , the eu had a major role in vaccine production at global level;


### 232. underlines that , thanks to a particularly innovative private sector , the eu had a major role in global vaccination , being home to three out of the first four safe and effective vaccines , the first producer and exporter of mrna vaccines; emphasises that this would have been impossible without ambitious public funding; ### 232. underlines that the eu had a major role in global vaccination as it relied on an innovative pharmaceutical sector; emphasises that this would have been impossible without ambitious public funding and stresses then the public responsibilities deriving from this for private stakeholders;


### 233. considers that the eu has sufficient vaccines to continue sharing with countries that need them in the event of a new surge; ### deleted


### 234. considers that export restrictions and access to raw materials to be more serious obstacles to production than ip; ### deleted


### 234. considers that export restrictions and access to raw materials to be more serious obstacles to production than ip; ### 234. considers that export restrictions and access to raw materials can be more serious obstacles to production as well as lack of access to manufacturing knowhow , test data and ip;


### impact on vulnerable/marginalised groups and social inequalities ### impact on vulnerable groups and social inequalities;


### 235. recalls that the eu pooled its resources to maximise the impact of its response to the covid-19 pandemic and that since the outbreak of the covid-19 pandemic , the eu institutions , member states and european financial institutions , as well as team europe , have so far committed eur 53.7 billion to support 140 countries , covering the emergency response to humanitarian needs , strengthening of health , water and sanitation systems , and mitigation of the social and economic consequences of the pandemic; ### 235. notes that the eu pooled its resources to maximise the impact of its response to the covid-19 pandemic and that since the outbreak of the covid-19 pandemic , the eu institutions , member states and european financial institutions have so far committed eur 53.7 billion to support 140 countries , to provide the emergency response to humanitarian needs , strengthening of health , water and sanitation systems , and mitigation of the social and economic consequences of the pandemic;


### 236. calls for the strengthening of health systems , pandemic preparedness and local vaccine manufacturing in low- and middle-income countries; ### 236. calls for the eu and member states to strengthen their relations with low income countries particularly in field of prevention and monitoring for emerging health threats; calls for continued support to health systems , pandemic preparedness and local vaccine manufacturing in low- and middle-income countries;


### 236. calls for the strengthening of health systems , pandemic preparedness and local vaccine manufacturing in low- and middle-income countries; ### 236. calls for the strengthening of health systems , pandemic preparedness and local vaccine , medicine and healthcare supplies and equipment manufacturing in low- and middle-income countries;


### 237. calls for more efforts to facilitate easy and affordable access to vaccines and to healthcare in africa by actively supporting an environment that allows capacities for local vaccine manufacturing to be established , preparedness to be strengthened , local health professionals to be trained and response capacities to be scaled up , while enabling countries with fragile healthcare systems to access medical equipment and supplies; ### 237. calls for more efforts to facilitate easy and affordable access to vaccines and to healthcare in africa by actively supporting an environment that allows capacities for local vaccine manufacturing to be established , preparedness to be strengthened , local health professionals to be trained and response capacities to be scaled up , while enabling countries with fragile healthcare systems to access medical equipment and supplies; welcomes in this regard global gateway flagship programmes in health manufacturing and access to vaccines , medicines and health technology products in senegal , rwanda , ghana and south africa;


### 237. calls for more efforts to facilitate easy and affordable access to vaccines and to healthcare in africa by actively supporting an environment that allows capacities for local vaccine manufacturing to be established , preparedness to be strengthened , local health professionals to be trained and response capacities to be scaled up , while enabling countries with fragile healthcare systems to access medical equipment and supplies; ### 237. calls for more efforts to facilitate easy and affordable access to vaccines , medicines , medical supplies and equipment and to healthcare in africa by actively supporting an environment that allows capacities for local vaccine manufacturing to be established , preparedness to be strengthened , local health professionals to be trained and response capacities to be scaled up , while enabling countries with fragile healthcare systems to access medical equipment and supplies;


### 238. calls on the commission to promote the unobstructed flow of trade in medicines , vaccines , ppe , medical devices and necessary components in times of crisis; ### deleted


### 238. calls on the commission to promote the unobstructed flow of trade in medicines , vaccines , ppe , medical devices and necessary components in times of crisis; ### 238. calls on the commission to promote the unobstructed flow of trade in medicines , vaccines , ppe , medical devices and necessary components in times of crisis by using all existing development and research capacities in member states , such as the “cantacuzino” national institute for military medical research and development in romania;


### 239. highlights that many eu member states would have been willing to share doses and donate surpluses to the global south but that sometimes there was no demand from global south countries and that the interest in vaccine doses was diminishing; ### 239. highlights that many eu member states encountered difficulties when donating dose surpluses to the global south due to conditions imposed in their contracts by pharmaceutical companies; regrets that recipient countries experienced problems in absorbing these donations because their short shelf life did not allow them time to deliver a vaccine rollout strategy;


### 239. highlights that many eu member states would have been willing to share doses and donate surpluses to the global south but that sometimes there was no demand from global south countries and that the interest in vaccine doses was diminishing; ### 239. notes that there was no demand from global south countries and that the interest in vaccine doses was diminishing;


### 240. underlines that antimicrobial resistance (amr) may be the next global health crisis and that there is consequently a need for action plans and specific global mechanisms for amr surveillance; ### 240. underlines that antimicrobial resistance (amr) may be the next global health crisis and that there is consequently a need for accelerated implementation of the existing action plans and specific global mechanisms for amr surveillance and antimicrobial stewardship ; highlights the need to support the development of novel antimicrobial agents as well as to ensure their availability and affordability;


### 240. underlines that antimicrobial resistance (amr) may be the next global health crisis and that there is consequently a need for action plans and specific global mechanisms for amr surveillance; ### 240. underlines that antimicrobial resistance (amr) may be the next global health crisis and that there is consequently a need for accelerated implementation of the action plans and specific global mechanisms for amr surveillance;


### 240. underlines that antimicrobial resistance (amr) may be the next global health crisis and that there is consequently a need for action plans and specific global mechanisms for amr surveillance; ### 240. notes that antimicrobial resistance (amr) could cause a global health crisis and that there is a need for action plans and specific global mechanisms for amr surveillance;


### 241. considers that the eu should be a major developer , producer and exporter of vaccines , in the context of strong international competition especially with the united states; ### 241. considers that the eu should be a major developer , producer and exporter of vaccines , medicines and medical supplies and equipment , by using all existing development and research capacities in member states , such as the “cantacuzino” national institute for military medical research and development in romania;


### 242. highlights the need to focus particularly on funding the development of vaccines and treatments to cope with the competition with the united states; points out in this regard the role of public-private partnerships; ### deleted


### conclusions ### deleted


### the impact of covid-19 on the elderly and vulnerable/marginalised groups ### the impact of covid-19 on the elderly and vulnerable groups


### covid , communicable and non-communicable diseases (including long covid) ### deleted


### 244. calls on the commission to strengthen the screening of foreign direct investment to protect strategic industries in the health sector from foreign takeovers , and initiate a frank dialogue with countries outside the eu hosting major eu-owned production of medicines and active pharmaceutical ingredients to secure a reliable supply to eu citizens; suggests applying the european programme for critical infrastructure protection to the health infrastructure sector; welcomes the establishment of the world bank financial intermediary fund for prevention , preparedness and response (ppr) , the pandemic fund; calls for targeted funding to fill critical gaps in ppr capacities , in line with its mandate , starting by surveillance gaps and emergency workforce training; ### 244. calls for the european programme for critical infrastructure protection to be applied to the health infrastructure sector;


### 245. highlights that without co-responsibility by beneficiaries , for example in investing in their primary health systems , medical countermeasures will not reach the population; encourages low- and middle-income countries to implement the target set in the 2001 african union abuja declaration on hiv/aids , tuberculosis and other related infectious diseases to allocate ‘at least 15 % of [the] annual budget to the improvement of the health sector’ while taking account of the necessary fiscal space; ### 245. encourages low- and middle-income countries to implement the target set in the 2001 african union abuja declaration on hiv/aids , tuberculosis and other related infectious diseases to allocate ‘at least 15 % of [the] annual budget to the improvement of the health sector’ while taking account of the necessary fiscal space;


### 247. recommends the establishment of innovative cross-sectoral primary prevention programmes to reduce risk factors and promote healthy lifestyles , and european cross-sectoral preventive-health policies integrating agriculture and food production , transport , the energy sector , industrial development , education and social services , so as to enable greater exchange of knowledge and information , promote best practices , facilitate sustainable economies of scale and unlock innovation potential to be better prepared for and respond to any threat to european citizens’ health; ### deleted


### 247. recommends the establishment of innovative cross-sectoral primary prevention programmes to reduce risk factors and promote healthy lifestyles , and european cross-sectoral preventive-health policies integrating agriculture and food production , transport , the energy sector , industrial development , education and social services , so as to enable greater exchange of knowledge and information , promote best practices , facilitate sustainable economies of scale and unlock innovation potential to be better prepared for and respond to any threat to european citizens’ health; ### 247. recommends the establishment of innovative cross-sectoral primary prevention programmes to reduce risk factors and promote healthy lifestyles , and european cross-sectoral preventive-health policies integrating agriculture and food production , transport , the energy sector , industrial development , education and social services , so as to enable greater exchange of knowledge and information , promote best practices , facilitate sustainable economies of scale and unlock innovation potential to be better prepared for and respond to any threat to european citizens’ health; stresses that such programmes shall be developed within cross-sectoral platforms , including public authorities at the national , regional and local level , as well as civil society organisations;


### 247. recommends the establishment of innovative cross-sectoral primary prevention programmes to reduce risk factors and promote healthy lifestyles , and european cross-sectoral preventive-health policies integrating agriculture and food production , transport , the energy sector , industrial development , education and social services , so as to enable greater exchange of knowledge and information , promote best practices , facilitate sustainable economies of scale and unlock innovation potential to be better prepared for and respond to any threat to european citizens’ health; ### 247. recommends the establishment of innovative cross-sectoral primary prevention programmes to reduce risk factors and promote healthy lifestyles , by ensuring access to health education , and european cross-sectoral preventive-health policies integrating agriculture and food production , transport , the energy sector , industrial development , education and social services , so as to enable greater exchange of knowledge and information , promote best practices , facilitate sustainable economies of scale and unlock innovation potential to be better prepared for and respond to any threat to european citizens’ health;


### 247. recommends the establishment of innovative cross-sectoral primary prevention programmes to reduce risk factors and promote healthy lifestyles , and european cross-sectoral preventive-health policies integrating agriculture and food production , transport , the energy sector , industrial development , education and social services , so as to enable greater exchange of knowledge and information , promote best practices , facilitate sustainable economies of scale and unlock innovation potential to be better prepared for and respond to any threat to european citizens’ health; ### 247. recommends the establishment of innovative cross-sectoral health promotion and prevention programmes to reduce risk factors and promote healthy lifestyles , and european cross-sectoral health promotion and preventive-health policies integrating agriculture and food production , transport , the energy sector , industrial development , education and social services , so as to enable greater exchange of knowledge and information , promote best practices , facilitate sustainable economies of scale and unlock innovation potential to be better prepared for and respond to any threat to european citizens’ health;


### 248. recommends moving forward a proper european health union by investing in data collection , digitalisation , sharing and analysis; ### 248. recommends moving forward a proper european health union by also investing in existing development and research capacities in member states , such as the “cantacuzino” national institute for military medical research and development in romania , and in data collection , digitalisation , sharing and analysis;


### 249. recommends the setting up of instruments and funding programmes to fight cyber threats , terrorism and external state-sponsored propaganda; ### deleted


### 250. calls on the commission to propose an instrument to reduce healthcare disparities and enhance cross-border health cooperation to tackle serious threats to health and safety in the eu; ### 250. calls on the commission , while respecting member states’ competences , to propose an instrument to reduce healthcare disparities and enhance cross-border health cooperation to tackle serious threats to health and safety in the eu;


### 250. calls on the commission to propose an instrument to reduce healthcare disparities and enhance cross‐border health cooperation to tackle serious threats to health and safety in the eu; ### 250. calls on the commission to develop a proper mechanism to reduce healthcare disparities combined with enhancement of cross-border health cooperation to tackle serious threats to health and safety in the eu;


### 253. recommends addressing the digital divide , which particularly affects marginalised population groups , to improve their access to internet and hardware to better enable their access to education , public services and healthcare; ### 253. recommends addressing the digital divide , which particularly affects marginalised population groups , to improve their access to internet and hardware to better enable their access to education , public services and healthcare; highlights , in this regard , the need to acknowledge access to the internet as a fundamental right;


### 253. recommends addressing the digital divide , which particularly affects marginalised population groups , to improve their access to internet and hardware to better enable their access to education , public services and healthcare; ### 253. recommends addressing the digital divide , which particularly affects marginalised population groups , to improve their access to internet and hardware to better enable their access to health education , public services and healthcare;


### 255. calls on the commission and the member states to cooperate with digital platforms to effectively counter misinformation and disinformation to avoid fuelling vaccine hesitancy; ### 255. calls on the commission and the member states to cooperate with digital platforms to provide health education to avoid fuelling vaccine hesitancy , on the basis of informed consent;


### 256. calls on the commission to exercise close scrutiny of internal border controls and to provide more actionable guidance on implementing internal border controls; urges the member states to be cautious and provide sufficient evidence that the measures/controls are a measure of last resort , proportionate and of limited duration; ### deleted


### 257. calls on the commission and the member states to provide support for media literacy training among the eu population , as a counter measure against disinformation; ### 257. calls on the commission and the member states to provide support for health and media literacy training among the eu population , as a counter measure against disinformation;


### 258. calls on the commission and the member states to form a unified strategic approach to non-eu actors attempting to disrupt democratic processes in the eu; ### 258. calls on the commission and the member states to a continue providing long term financial and technical support for a distributed , highly global adaptable production capacity that can enable a rapid and even distribution of vaccines doses (and other tools) in the first stages of a future pandemic , calls for similar support for existing r&;;d capacities in different regions;


### 259. is of the opinion that a european union of health is needed , that nextgenerationeu should be built on and that parliament should get a role in decision-making for these programmes; believes furthermore that the necessary instruments should be deployed to enable the triple transition (climate , digital , health); recommends that the triple transition be promoted by accelerating the shift to a climate-neutral economy while mitigating the transition risks , by reskilling and upskilling the european labour force , by introducing the sustainability and growth pact (sgp 2.0) while pursuing ngeu 2.0 , and by enhancing finance to innovative , green and digital technology firms; ### 259. is of the opinion that a european union of health is needed , parliament should get a dominant role in decision-making for this goal , that nextgenerationeu should be built on; believes furthermore that the necessary instruments should be deployed to enable the triple transition (climate , digital , health);


### 259. is of the opinion that a european union of health is needed , that nextgenerationeu should be built on and that parliament should get a role in decision-making for these programmes; believes furthermore that the necessary instruments should be deployed to enable the triple transition (climate , digital , health); recommends that the triple transition be promoted by accelerating the shift to a climate-neutral economy while mitigating the transition risks , by reskilling and upskilling the european labour force , by introducing the sustainability and growth pact (sgp 2.0) while pursuing ngeu 2.0 , and by enhancing finance to innovative , green and digital technology firms; ### 259. is of the opinion that a european union of health is needed and believes furthermore that necessary measures should be deployed to enable the triple transition (climate , digital , health); recommends that the triple transition be promoted by accelerating the shift to a climate-neutral economy while mitigating the transition risks , by for instance reskilling and upskilling the european labour force and by enhancing finance to innovative , green and digital technology firms;


### 17. welcomes eu efforts to step up solutions for global access to vaccines and medicines during the pandemic through collaborative initiatives such as the access to covid-19 tools accelerator and covax , but recognises that the eu needs to be much more of a global leader to ensure that it plays a central role in future pandemic preparedness , prevention and response. ### 17. recognises eu's efforts to step up solutions for global equitable access to vaccines and medicines during the pandemic through collaborative initiatives such as the access to covid-19 tools accelerator and covax , (act-a) and covax; notes that these were insufficient to achieve equitable access for low and middle income countries and that eu exports went to the g20;


### building the european union of health prevention , preparedness and response to cross-border health threats ### building the european union of health prevention , preparedness and response to cross-border health threats and health consequences following thereof;


### the effects of covid-19 measures , including lockdowns , on businesses and workers ### the effects of covid-19 measures , including lockdowns on workers , businesses and consumers;


### 18. believes that health promotion and disease prevention , preparedness and response to cross-border health threats must constitute the foundations of a future european health union with a view to reinforcing the resilience and quality of the healthcare systems in the member states and tackling health inequalities in the eu , by providing adequate investments in health systems at the national and regional levels; ### 18. believes that health promotion and disease prevention , preparedness and response to cross-border public health threats must constitute the foundations of the future european health union with a view to reinforcing the resilience , quality and equal access for everyone to healthcare systems in the member states while tackling health inequalities in the eu and being well prepared in case of a new pandemic or other large scale health crisis in europe; recalls that providing adequate investments in public health systems at the national and regional levels , including sustainable financing of national immunization policies in order to ensure equal access to those services , improving integration and coordination in respect to shared challenges in healthcare and establishing joint vaccine procurement schemes ensuring a fair distribution thereof within the union , must be a priority in order to achieve those objectives;


### 18. believes that health promotion and disease prevention , preparedness and response to cross-border health threats must constitute the foundations of a future european health union with a view to reinforcing the resilience and quality of the healthcare systems in the member states and tackling health inequalities in the eu , by providing adequate investments in health systems at the national and regional levels; ### 18. believes that health promotion and communicable and non-communicable disease prevention , preparedness and response to existing and future cross-border public health threats must constitute the foundations of a future european health union with a view to reinforcing the resilience and quality of the healthcare systems in the member states and developing countries and tackling health inequalities in the eu , by providing adequate investments in health systems at the national and regional levels , including sustainable financing of national immunisation policies in order to ensure the provision of equitable , accessible and attractive vaccination services;


### 19. calls on the member states to invest more in primary healthcare , making full use of the eu4health programme , in order to increase capacity and flexibility in healthcare services , so that hospitals will be not overwhelmed during emergencies; ### 19. deplores the fact that most member states have cut public health spending in the last decades; underlines that those financial cuts have been instrumental for the failure of public health authorities to detect covid in its earlier stages and then later face the pandemic with appropriate tools and resources when most needed; calls on the member states to invest more in public healthcare , particularly of primary nature , and integration of socio-health aspects , especially in the care for the elderly , while also making full use of the relevant eu programs , including the eu4health programme , to address the challenges related to this fund and in order to increase capacity and flexibility in healthcare services; furthermore calls for the development of a european public health crisis management plan;


### 19. calls on the member states to invest more in primary healthcare , making full use of the eu4health programme , in order to increase capacity and flexibility in healthcare services , so that hospitals will be not overwhelmed during emergencies; ### 19. calls on the member states to invest more in primary healthcare , making full use of the eu4health programme , in order to increase capacity and flexibility in healthcare services , so that hospitals will be not overwhelmed during emergencies; calls for greater investment in prevention and education by redesigning primary care functions and integrating the social and healthcare system , especially care for the elderly; also calls for the drafting of a european public health crisis management plan;


### 20. welcomes the fact that the commission established scientific advice resources , such as the scientific advice platform for covid-19 , early-on with experts from the member states , who helped to inform policymaking in a coordinated manner; ### 20. welcomes the fact that the commission established scientific advice resources , such as the scientific advice platform for covid-19 , early-on with experts from the member states , who helped to inform policymaking in a coordinated manner but we underline that some studies and expert opinions were ignored;


### 22. urges stock to be taken of the coordination among relevant agencies , and of their beefed-up mandates and calls for the eu to be given an enhanced ability to coordinate these matters; ### 22. urges stock to be taken of the coordination among relevant agencies , and of their strengthened mandates and calls for the eu to be given an enhanced ability to coordinate these matters by fully exploiting the current competences given by the treaties and explore possible reforms in the interest of citizens;


### 22. urges stock to be taken of the coordination among relevant agencies , and of their beefed-up mandates and calls for the eu to be given an enhanced ability to coordinate these matters; ### 22. urges stock to be taken of the coordination among relevant agencies , and of their beefed-up mandates and calls for the eu and the european parliament to be given an enhanced ability to coordinate and scrutinise these matters;


### 23. welcomes the creation of hera , as a much-needed body to improve the eu’s preparedness for health emergencies , to ensure the availability of medical countermeasures and to manage this new reality in preventing , preparing for , detecting , and rapidly responding to health emergencies; ### 23. welcomes the creation of hera , as a much-needed body to improve the eu’s preparedness for health emergencies , to ensure the availability of medical countermeasures and to manage this new reality in preventing , preparing for , detecting , and rapidly responding to health emergencies; stresses the need to provide the ema with sufficient funds and funding rates to develop vaccines and medicines and bring them to market while ensuring equitable access;


### 23. welcomes the creation of hera , as a much-needed body to improve the eu’s preparedness for health emergencies , to ensure the availability of medical countermeasures and to manage this new reality in preventing , preparing for , detecting , and rapidly responding to health emergencies; ### 23. welcomes the creation of hera , as a much-needed body to improve the eu’s preparedness for health emergencies , to ensure the availability and equal access to medical countermeasures and to manage this new reality in preventing , preparing for , detecting , and rapidly responding to health emergencies; underlines nevertheless that in order to fulfil its mandate and reach its objectives hera should become a fully-fledged agency and needs to receive sufficient funding;


### 24. stresses that parliament should have been involved in the creation of hera’s mandate and that it should have scrutiny powers over and the ability to monitor hera; ### 24. deplores the exclusion of the parliament from the definition of the hera’s mandate and stresses that the parliament should be granted scrutiny powers over hera and the ability to monitor its activities and initiatives by this contributing to accountability and transparency;


### 24. stresses that parliament should have been involved in the creation of hera’s mandate and that it should have scrutiny powers over and the ability to monitor hera; ### 24. stresses that parliament should have been involved in the creation of hera’s mandate and that it should have scrutiny powers over and the ability to monitor hera to contribute to accountability and transparency;


### 25. congratulates the commission on proposing the eu fab project , a network of ‘ever-warm’ production capacities for vaccine and medicine manufacturing that can be activated in the event of future crises , as a response to the need for the eu to strengthen its industrial upstream and downstream production activities concerning vaccines and medical equipment; ### deleted


### 25. congratulates the commission on proposing the eu fab project , a network of ‘ever-warm’ production capacities for vaccine and medicine manufacturing that can be activated in the event of future crises , as a response to the need for the eu to strengthen its industrial upstream and downstream production activities concerning vaccines and medical equipment; ### 25. stresses the importance of keeping additional production capacities for vaccine and medicine manufacturing to be activated in the event of future crises , such as the eu fab project , as a response to the need for the eu to strengthen its industrial upstream and downstream production activities concerning vaccines and medical equipment; stresses that its resolution on the shortage of medicines (2020/2071(ini)) calls on the commission and member states to assess the possibility of creating one or more european non-profit pharmaceutical undertakings which operate in the public interest to manufacture medicinal products in the absence of existing industrial production , in order to guarantee security of supply and prevent possible shortages of medicines in cases of emergency;


### 25. congratulates the commission on proposing the eu fab project , a network of ‘ever-warm’ production capacities for vaccine and medicine manufacturing that can be activated in the event of future crises , as a response to the need for the eu to strengthen its industrial upstream and downstream production activities concerning vaccines and medical equipment; ### 25. congratulates the commission on proposing the eu fab project , a network of ‘ever-warm’ production capacities for vaccine and medicine manufacturing that can be activated in the event of future crises , as a response to the need for the eu to strengthen its industrial upstream and downstream production activities concerning vaccines and medical equipment and urges the commission to support and develop the research and production capacities that already exist in the member states;


### 25. congratulates the commission on proposing the eu fab project , a network of ‘ever-warm’ production capacities for vaccine and medicine manufacturing that can be activated in the event of future crises , as a response to the need for the eu to strengthen its industrial upstream and downstream production activities concerning vaccines and medical equipment; ### 25. congratulates the commission on proposing the eu fab project , a network of ‘ever-warm’ production capacities for vaccine and medicine manufacturing that can be activated in the event of future crises , as a response to the need for the eu to strengthen its industrial upstream and downstream production activities relating to diversified vaccine technology platforms for pharmaceuticals and therapeutic solutions as well as medical equipment;


### 26. expresses its hope that the commission can play a focal role in the cooperation between academia , industry , research institutes and governments , as these partnerships are instrumental in accelerating responses to pandemics , while maintaining a secure capacity; ### 26. expresses its hope that the commission can play a focal role in the cooperation between academia , industry , research institutes and governments , as these partnerships are instrumental in accelerating responses to pandemics; calls on ensuring that partnerships with the private sector are steered and aligned with the public interest;


### 26. expresses its hope that the commission can play a focal role in the cooperation between academia , industry , research institutes and governments , as these partnerships are instrumental in accelerating responses to pandemics , while maintaining a secure capacity; ### 26. expresses its hope that the commission can play a focal role in the cooperation between academia , industry , research institutes and governments , as these partnerships are instrumental in accelerating responses to pandemics , while maintaining a secure capacity and ensuring public return on public support for r&;d;


### 26. expresses its hope that the commission can play a focal role in the cooperation between academia , industry , research institutes and governments , as these partnerships are instrumental in accelerating responses to pandemics , while maintaining a secure capacity; ### 26. expresses its hope that the commission in collaboration with the european parliament can play a focal role in the cooperation between academia , industry , research institutes and governments , as these partnerships are instrumental in accelerating responses to pandemics , while maintaining a secure capacity;


### 27. understands that the unprecedented , urgent demand for medicines and medical countermeasures during the covid-19 pandemic tested the ema’s resources and necessitated resorting to ad hoc measures; ### 27. recognises that the unprecedented , urgent demand for medicines and medical countermeasures during the covid-19 pandemic tested the ema’s resources and necessitated resorting to ad hoc measures , the pivotal role that the ema plays in implementing measures to enable flexible regulatory processes , while ensuring the safety and efficacy of the authorised vaccines and therapeutics , notably through the ema’s covid-19 pandemic task force , its rapid delivery of scientific advice , its rolling review and conditional marketing authorisation;


### 27. understands that the unprecedented , urgent demand for medicines and medical countermeasures during the covid-19 pandemic tested the ema’s resources and necessitated resorting to ad hoc measures; ### 27. notes the pivotal role of ema in implementing measures to enable more flexible regulatory process in crisis situations , while ensuring safety and efficacy , such as ema’s covid-19 pandemic task force; recognises that the unprecedented , urgent demand for medicines and medical countermeasures during the covid-19 pandemic tested the ema’s resources and necessitated resorting to ad hoc measures;


### 28. recognises the pivotal role that the ema plays in implementing measures to enable flexible regulatory processes , while ensuring the safety and efficacy of the authorised vaccines and therapeutics , notably through the ema’s covid-19 pandemic task force , its rapid delivery of scientific advice , its rolling review and conditional marketing authorisation; ### deleted


### 28. recognises the pivotal role that the ema plays in implementing measures to enable flexible regulatory processes , while ensuring the safety and efficacy of the authorised vaccines and therapeutics , notably through the ema’s covid-19 pandemic task force , its rapid delivery of scientific advice , its rolling review and conditional marketing authorisation; ### 28. recognises the pivotal role that the ema plays in implementing measures to enable flexible regulatory processes , while ensuring the safety and efficacy of the authorised vaccines and therapeutics , notably through the ema’s covid-19 pandemic task force , its rapid delivery of scientific advice , its rolling review and conditional marketing authorisation; stresses that certain regulatory flexibilities , such as the rolling review , could add value beyond emergency situations;


### 28. recognises the pivotal role that the ema plays in implementing measures to enable flexible regulatory processes , while ensuring the safety and efficacy of the authorised vaccines and therapeutics , notably through the ema’s covid-19 pandemic task force , its rapid delivery of scientific advice , its rolling review and conditional marketing authorisation; ### 28. recognises the pivotal role that the ema plays in implementing measures to enable flexible regulatory processes , while ensuring the safety and efficacy of the authorised vaccines and therapeutics , notably through the ema’s covid-19 pandemic task force , its rapid delivery of scientific advice , its rolling review and conditional marketing authorisation but also highlights the need for these measures to be communicated and scrutinised by the european parliament;


### 29. notes with appreciation that , under the ema’s new mandate , its emergency task force took over the activities of its covid-19 pandemic task force and became a permanent body of the ema , improving interactions with the commission , vaccine developers and academics , and coordination with other eu agencies; ### deleted


### 29. notes with appreciation that , under the ema’s new mandate , its emergency task force took over the activities of its covid-19 pandemic task force and became a permanent body of the ema , improving interactions with the commission , vaccine developers and academics , and coordination with other eu agencies; ### 29. notes with appreciation that , under the ema’s new mandate , its emergency task force took over the activities of its covid-19 pandemic task force and became a permanent body of the ema , improving interactions with the commission , vaccine developers and academics , and coordination with other eu agencies;


### 30. observes that the commission granted conditional market authorisation to vaccines for covid-19 , after receiving the ema’s recommendation and consultation with the eu member states , under the condition that the benefits of the vaccines far outweighed their potential risks and with mandatory , rigid post-approval safeguards and controls; ### deleted


### 30. observes that the commission granted conditional market authorisation to vaccines for covid-19 , after receiving the ema’s recommendation and consultation with the eu member states , under the condition that the benefits of the vaccines far outweighed their potential risks and with mandatory , rigid post-approval safeguards and controls; ### 30. observes that the commission granted conditional market authorisation to vaccines for covid-19 , after receiving the ema’s recommendation and consultation with the eu member states;


### 30. observes that the commission granted conditional market authorisation to vaccines for covid-19 , after receiving the ema’s recommendation and consultation with the eu member states , under the condition that the benefits of the vaccines far outweighed their potential risks and with mandatory , rigid post-approval safeguards and controls; ### 30. observes that the commission granted conditional market authorisation to vaccines for covid-19 , after receiving the ema’s recommendation and consultation with the eu member states , on the base of the fact that benefits of the vaccines far outweighed their potential risks and with mandatory , rigid post-approval safeguards and controls;


### 31. takes note that the use of conditional marketing authorisation has contributed to a remarkable reduction in deaths and hospitalisations in the eu , and that this is an appropriate tool to accelerate vaccine authorisation in a public health emergency like the covid-19 pandemic; ### 31. reminds that the prompt availability of vaccines on the market , also thanks to the use of conditional marketing authorisation , has been decisive to save lives , reduce hospitalisations , and overall protecting people from the most severe effects of covid; underlines that conditional marketing authorisation is an appropriate tool to accelerate vaccine authorisation in a public health emergency like the covid-19 pandemic; reminds that the conditional authorization should be limited in time and that companies should apply for regular authorisation;


### 31. takes note that the use of conditional marketing authorisation has contributed to a remarkable reduction in deaths and hospitalisations in the eu , and that this is an appropriate tool to accelerate vaccine authorisation in a public health emergency like the covid-19 pandemic; ### 31. takes note that the use of conditional marketing authorisation is an appropriate tool to accelerate vaccine authorisation in a public health emergency like the covid-19 pandemic;


### 32. notes that the ecdc did not detect the seriousness of the threat in a timely manner , as a result of a lack of preparedness within the member states at the beginning of the pandemic; acknowledges that this delayed action was due to the lack of timely data sharing by the member states , and a lack of adequate funding and resources for monitoring and data surveillance management; ### 32. notes that the ecdc did not detect the seriousness of the threat in a timely manner , as a result of a lack of preparedness within the member states at the beginning of the pandemic; acknowledges that this delayed action was due to the lack of timely data sharing by the member states , and a lack of adequate funding and resources for monitoring and data surveillance management; urges eu institutions and member states to collect pan-european data and ensure timely monitoring of coverage rates of the various vaccines throughout the life cycle through vaccine registry systems; also stresses the need to establish an alert system for future pandemics in the eu that is coordinated with the respective public health agencies or bodies in each member state and with agencies or authorities in non-eu countries such as china and the usa;


### 32. notes that the ecdc did not detect the seriousness of the threat in a timely manner , as a result of a lack of preparedness within the member states at the beginning of the pandemic; acknowledges that this delayed action was due to the lack of timely data sharing by the member states , and a lack of adequate funding and resources for monitoring and data surveillance management; ### 32. notes that the member states and eu institutions did not detect the seriousness of the emerging covid-19 pandemic in a timely manner; considers that his was the result of a lack of data sharing by chinese authorities , european decision makers not taking seriously the possibility of the virus spreading also outside china as well as lack of preparedness at the beginning of the pandemic; acknowledges that one factor contributing to this delayed action was due to the lack of timely data sharing by the member states , as well as a lack of adequate funding and resources for public health surveillance , pandemic preparedness and epidemiology;


### 32. notes that the ecdc did not detect the seriousness of the threat in a timely manner , as a result of a lack of preparedness within the member states at the beginning of the pandemic; acknowledges that this delayed action was due to the lack of timely data sharing by the member states , and a lack of adequate funding and resources for monitoring and data surveillance management; ### 32. notes that the ecdc did not detect the seriousness of the threat in a timely manner , as a result of a lack of adequate funding and resources for monitoring and data surveillance management;


### 33. supports the ecdc’s extended mandate , which provides for greater resources and additional areas of competence , which will allow it to play a bigger role in improving european preparedness and response; ### deleted


### 34. reaffirms its belief that the primary goal of vaccination is to avoid serious disease and death , towards which vaccines are effective , as shown by the outcomes of the covid-19 vaccination process , which saved more than 250 000 lives in the eu; ### 34. reaffirms that the covid-19 vaccines were primarily developed to avoid serious disease and death , and acknowledges that the covid-19 vaccines authorised by ema are effective in this regard , as shown by the outcomes of the covid-19 vaccination process; underlines that it is estimated that timely vaccinations saved more than 250 000 lives within the eu;


### 34. reaffirms its belief that the primary goal of vaccination is to avoid serious disease and death , towards which vaccines are effective , as shown by the outcomes of the covid-19 vaccination process , which saved more than 250 000 lives in the eu; ### 34. reaffirms that the primary achievement of the current generation of sars-cov-2 vaccines is to avoid serious disease and death , towards which these vaccines are effective , as shown by the outcomes of the covid-19 vaccination process , which saved more than 250 000 lives in the eu;


### 34. reaffirms its belief that the primary goal of vaccination is to avoid serious disease and death , towards which vaccines are effective , as shown by the outcomes of the covid-19 vaccination process , which saved more than 250 000 lives in the eu; ### 34. reaffirms its belief that the primary goal of vaccination is to avoid serious disease and death , although vaccines did not prevent transmission , for which vaccines are ineffective;


### 35. emphasises that the development and deployment of covid-19 vaccines constituted a game-changer in the pandemic and underpinned the important role of vaccine research and development; considers that the speed at which researchers developed effective vaccine protection was unprecedented and that the eu demonstrated leadership in the global response to the covid-19 pandemic; ### 35. emphasises that the development and deployment of a diverse portfolio of covid-19 vaccines constituted a game-changer in the pandemic and underpinned the important role of vaccine research and development in preparing for future pandemics; considers that the speed at which researchers developed effective vaccine protection was unprecedented and that the eu demonstrated leadership in the global response to the covid-19 pandemic; stresses that the rapid development of vaccines during the pandemic would not have been possible without years of research and industrial capacity to scale up production; stresses that the review of eu pharmaceutical legislation should ensure that europe continues to have a framework for innovation and research that has helped to develop vaccines in future pandemics;


### 35. emphasises that the development and deployment of covid-19 vaccines constituted a game-changer in the pandemic and underpinned the important role of vaccine research and development; considers that the speed at which researchers developed effective vaccine protection was unprecedented and that the eu demonstrated leadership in the global response to the covid-19 pandemic; ### 35. emphasises that the development and deployment of covid-19 vaccines constituted a game-changer in the pandemic and underpinned the important role of vaccine research and development; considers that the speed at which researchers developed effective vaccine protection was unprecedented;


### 35. emphasises that the development and deployment of covid-19 vaccines constituted a game-changer in the pandemic and underpinned the important role of vaccine research and development; considers that the speed at which researchers developed effective vaccine protection was unprecedented and that the eu demonstrated leadership in the global response to the covid-19 pandemic; ### 35. emphasises that the development and deployment of covid-19 vaccines underpinned the important role of vaccine research and development; considers that the speed at which researchers developed vaccines was unprecedented and that the eu demonstrated leadership in the global response in crisis situations;


### 36. notes that vaccination strategy , not only for covid-19 , remains a national competence , and calls for a stronger coordination role for the eu to harmonise the timeline , scope and outcomes of vaccines administration in all the member states; ### 36. notes that vaccination strategy , not only for covid-19 , remains a national competence; recognizes that vaccination is a key pillar of resilient health systems , the well-being of society and a prosperous economy and contributes to the protection of people's health against external threats; underlines however that communicable diseases represent a cross border threat to public health , therefore calls for a stronger coordination role of the eu to establish minimum standards and common objectives on vaccination campaigns concerning these diseases , also regarding the timeline , scope , procurement and outcomes of vaccines administration in all the member states in order to ensure the most optimal population protection throughout life , both for the paediatric and adult population;


### 36. notes that vaccination strategy , not only for covid-19 , remains a national competence , and calls for a stronger coordination role for the eu to harmonise the timeline , scope and outcomes of vaccines administration in all the member states; ### 36. notes that vaccination strategy , not only for covid-19 , remains a national competence; recognises that vaccination is a key pillar of resilient health systems , societal well-being and a thriving economy and contributes to protecting people’s health from external threats; calls for greater eu coordination to harmonise national immunisation plans in order to ensure the very best protection for the population throughout their lifespan for both paediatric and adult populations;


### 114. welcomes the use of the pre-existing rapid alert system during the covid crisis , which was specifically designed to counter foreign disinformation campaigns; notes the upcoming toolbox jointly established by the commission and the european external action service , which lays out resilience-building , regulatory and response action solutions; ### 114. notes the upcoming toolbox jointly established by the commission and the european external action service , which lays out resilience-building , regulatory and response action solutions;


### 115. strongly supports the proposed european media freedom act , which is designed to preserve freedom and diversity of media in the face of anti-misinformation tools; ### deleted


### 115. strongly supports the proposed european media freedom act , which is designed to preserve freedom and diversity of media in the face of anti-misinformation tools; ### 115. strongly supports the freedom and diversity of media in the face of anti-misinformation tools;


### 116. points out discrepancies in the ability to face disinformation among member states; notes that such differences led to disparities in terms of vaccine hesitancy; ### 116. notes discrepancies in the ability to face disinformation among member states;


### 116. points out discrepancies in the ability to face disinformation among member states; notes that such differences led to disparities in terms of vaccine hesitancy; ### 116. points out discrepancies in the ability to face disinformation among member states; notes that such differences are one factor contributing to disparities in terms of vaccine hesitancy;


### 117. considers that a focus on health education , among other policies , including communication and proximity to health providers , is key to reducing vaccine hesitancy; ### 117. considers that a focus on health education , among other policies , including communication and proximity to health providers , is key to reducing vaccine hesitancy; underlines that digital education , media literacy and an increased support of critical thinking for social media users , especially the youth , are paramount in the fight against disinformation and misinformation;


### 117. considers that a focus on health education , among other policies , including communication and proximity to health providers , is key to reducing vaccine hesitancy; ### 117. considers that health education , including communication and proximity to health providers and other relevant stakeholders , together with the communication of scientific evidence and results in an understandable way , transparency of public procedures and media literacy are some of the key factors reducing vaccine hesitancy;


### 117. considers that a focus on health education , among other policies , including communication and proximity to health providers , is key to reducing vaccine hesitancy; ### 117. considers that a focus on health education , among other policies , including communication , informed consent of every european citizen and proximity to health providers , is key to reducing vaccine hesitancy and other therapeutic approaches;


### 118. considers that the european information space needs to be better protected; notes that restrictive measures led to the increasing importance of ‘online democracy’ , which allowed misinformation on social media to gain influence; ### 118. considers that the european information space needs to be better protected; notes the increased circulation of misinformation on social media during times of crisis , and recommends extra vigilance in applying measures to prevent misinformation during such times;


### 118. considers that the european information space needs to be better protected; notes that restrictive measures led to the increasing importance of ‘online democracy’ , which allowed misinformation on social media to gain influence; ### 118. considers that the european information space needs to ensure maximum transparency; notes that restrictive measures led to the increasing importance of ‘online democracy’ , which allowed information on social media to gain influence;


### 119. notes the establishment of a permanent taskforce on misinformation to monitor the scale of misinformation in the eu and notes the proposed european democracy action plan to establish a common european strategy to tackle misinformation; ### 119. notes the establishment of a permanent taskforce on misinformation to monitor the scale of misinformation in the eu;


### 120. highlights that disinformation campaigns , along with cyberattacks , are part of ‘hybrid warfare’ strategies by foreign powers; reiterates that security and freedom are inseparably interlinked; ### 120. highlights that disinformation campaigns can also be part of ‘hybrid warfare’ strategies by foreign powers and should be addressed as part of a broader security strategy;


### 120. highlights that disinformation campaigns , along with cyberattacks , are part of ‘hybrid warfare’ strategies by foreign powers; reiterates that security and freedom are inseparably interlinked; ### 120. highlights that disinformation campaigns , along with cyberattacks , can be part of ‘hybrid warfare’ strategies by foreign powers; reiterates that security and freedom must be guaranteed for every european citizen;


### 121. recommends further including representatives of local and territorial communities , including elected officials , in the interinstitutional , multi-level process of building trust , coordinating the delivering of correct messages and fostering the population’s active engagement in times of crisis; ### 121. recommends further including representatives of local , regional and territorial authorities and communities , representatives of csos and social partners , but also elected officials , in the interinstitutional , multi-level process of generating trust , coordinating the delivering of correct messages and fostering the population’s active engagement in times of crisis; recalls in this context the important role played by the scientific community , patients organisations , non-profit organisation and ngos in building and enhancing public trust and advises to better engage with them;


### 122. reiterates the importance of well-established scrutiny processes , both at national and european level , to ensure that national authorities are held accountable for breaches of freedom of assembly , freedom of speech , the right to private property and patient rights , and to ensure certainty and predictability in changes to rules for businesses; ### 122. reiterates the importance of well-established scrutiny mechanisms , both at national and european level , to ensure that national and european authorities respect freedom of movement and assembly , freedom of speech , the right to private property and patient rights;


### 122. reiterates the importance of well-established scrutiny processes , both at national and european level , to ensure that national authorities are held accountable for breaches of freedom of assembly , freedom of speech , the right to private property and patient rights , and to ensure certainty and predictability in changes to rules for businesses; ### 122. reiterates the importance of well-established scrutiny processes and democratic oversight based on the division of powers between executive , legislative and judiciary bodies which are the basis of our democratic societies , both at national and european level; underlines that any restriction of fundamental rights needs to be limited in time and proportionate to the temporary prevailing needs of protecting societies;


### 123. notes that the eu has a strong data protection system with consistent data privacy provisions; highlights that the eu covid digital certificate and its tracing apps respected this system , while allowing the free movement of eu citizens under the sanitary rules applied during the crisis; ### 123. notes that the eu has a strong data protection system with consistent data privacy provisions; highlights that the eu covid digital certificate and its tracing apps respected this system , while allowing the free movement of eu citizens under the sanitary rules applied during the crisis; notes the concerns and criticism expressed vis à vis the eu covid digital certificate; furthermore notes that the use and uptake of the digital certificate and tracing apps varied across member states , also due to the differing epidemiological situations;


### 123. notes that the eu has a strong data protection system with consistent data privacy provisions; highlights that the eu covid digital certificate and its tracing apps respected this system , while allowing the free movement of eu citizens under the sanitary rules applied during the crisis; ### 123. notes that the eu has a strong data protection system with consistent data privacy provisions;


### 123. notes that the eu has a strong data protection system with consistent data privacy provisions; highlights that the eu covid digital certificate and its tracing apps respected this system , while allowing the free movement of eu citizens under the sanitary rules applied during the crisis; ### 123. notes that the eu has a strong data protection legislative framework with which aims consistently to respect data privacy provisions; highlights that the eu covid digital certificate and its tracing apps where designed within this framework , while allowing the free movement of eu citizens under the sanitary rules applied during the crisis;


### 124. considers that the digital divide is an element of concern for the eu’s preparedness and resilience , given that vulnerable population groups are particularly impacted because they tend to have fewer connection opportunities; ### 124. considers that the digital divide is an element of concern for the eu’s preparedness and resilience , given that some population groups are particularly impacted as they lack access to the digital sphere and digital literacy and other digital skills; believes that access to the digital sphere limits the possibilities to access public information a and poor digital literacy plays a role in the spread of mis- and disinformation;


### 124. considers that the digital divide is an element of concern for the eu’s preparedness and resilience , given that vulnerable population groups are particularly impacted because they tend to have fewer connection opportunities; ### 124. considers that the digital divide is an element of concern for the eu’s preparedness and resilience , given that vulnerable population groups are particularly impacted because they tend to have fewer connection opportunities; recalls that approximately 2% of the european population is considered to be immunocompromised and at increased risk of an inadequate response to a covid-19 vaccine; urges member states to support this vulnerable community during health crises and to ensure that their needs are prioritised;


### 124. considers that the digital divide is an element of concern for the eu’s preparedness and resilience , given that vulnerable population groups are particularly impacted because they tend to have fewer connection opportunities; ### 124. considers that the digital divide is an element of concern for the eu’s preparedness and resilience , given that vulnerable and marginalised population groups are particularly impacted because they tend to have fewer connection opportunities;


### 125. notes a high discrepancy in the degree of parliamentary oversight of covid-19-related emergency measures among some member states; notes that the resilience of parliamentary scrutiny was generally higher in countries with constitutions that give their national parliaments more room to manoeuvre vis-à-vis the executive power; ### 125. notes a high discrepancy in the degree of parliamentary oversight of covid-19-related emergency measures among some member states;


### 126. considers that in the context of the current perma-crisis , safeguarding transparency , accountability and all the other key features embedded in european democratic values is critical and necessitates designing systematic plans rather than ad hoc measures; ### 126. considers that in the context of the current perma-crisis , safeguarding transparency , accountability and all the other key features embedded in european democratic values is critical and necessitates designing systematic plans , following consultation of european citizens and approval from national parliaments and the european parliament;


### 126. considers that in the context of the current perma-crisis , safeguarding transparency , accountability and all the other key features embedded in european democratic values is critical and necessitates designing systematic plans rather than ad hoc measures; ### 126. considers that in the context of the current ongoing-crisis situation due to the pandemic as well as the war of russia against ukraine , safeguarding transparency , accountability and all the other key features embedded in european democratic values is critical and necessitates designing systematic plans rather than ad hoc measures;


### 127. highlights that during the pandemic , extensive use was made of article 122 , which undermined parliament’s prerogatives and ability to conduct political oversight; is of the opinion that it is necessary to reassess the situation in order to safeguard parliament’s prerogatives; ### 127. highlights that during the pandemic , extensive use was made of article 122 , which undermined parliament’s prerogatives and ability to conduct political oversight; is of the opinion that it is necessary to reassess and improve the situation in order to safeguard parliament’s prerogatives; by enabling the european parliament to propose new laws in emergency response actions , and increasing the feasibility of codecision for various instruments used by the commission and the council , in order to increase the legitimacy of emergency response actions;


### 128. regrets that the crisis has exacerbated pre-existing challenges to democracy and the rule of law in some member states; ### 128. regrets that the crisis has exacerbated pre-existing challenges to democracy and the rule of law in some member states; is concerned about the rise of right-wing extremism , the spread of conspiracy theories and hate speech during the pandemic in most member states and considers this a threat to european democracies and european values; stresses that this development needs to be taken seriously by public authorities and addressed horizontally;


### 128. regrets that the crisis has exacerbated pre-existing challenges to democracy and the rule of law in some member states; ### 128. regrets that the crisis has exacerbated pre-existing challenges to democracy , fundamental rights , checks-and-balances , and the rule of law in some member states;


### 129. notes that parliament adopted extraordinary measures and undertook innovative action to maintain the continuity of its activities , carry out its duties and exercise its legislative , budgetary , scrutiny and oversight prerogatives under the treaties , while protecting the health of members , staff and other persons during the course of the pandemic; highlights parliament’s ability to maintain its interpretation services in the 24 official eu languages , even during remote meetings; ### 129. notes that parliament adopted extraordinary measures and undertook innovative action to maintain the continuity of its activities , carry out its duties and exercise its legislative , budgetary , scrutiny and oversight prerogatives under the treaties , while protecting the health of members , staff and other persons during the course of the pandemic; highlights that more needs to be done to guarantee parliament’s ability to provide its interpretation services in the 24 official eu languages , both in written communication and during remote meetings; notes that the languages of some member states , including romanian , are not used in all parliamentary activities;


### 129. notes that parliament adopted extraordinary measures and undertook innovative action to maintain the continuity of its activities , carry out its duties and exercise its legislative , budgetary , scrutiny and oversight prerogatives under the treaties , while protecting the health of members , staff and other persons during the course of the pandemic; highlights parliament’s ability to maintain its interpretation services in the 24 official eu languages , even during remote meetings; ### 129. notes that parliament adopted extraordinary measures and undertook innovative action that allowed the continuation of its activities , carry out its duties and exercise its legislative , budgetary , scrutiny and oversight prerogatives under the treaties , while protecting the health of members , staff and other persons during the course of the pandemic; highlights parliament’s ability to maintain its interpretation services in the 24 official eu languages , even during remote meetings;


### 130. calls for more coordination among institutions on adopting extraordinary measures and stresses the need to address digitalisation challenges and ensure that institutions can fulfil their mandates and responsibilities in person , such as at plenary sittings and interinstitutional negotiations (trilogues); ### 130. calls for more coordination among institutions on adopting extraordinary measures and stresses the need to address digitalisation challenges;


### 131. considers that the procurement mechanisms , notably the advanced purchase agreements used for vaccine contracting , could have improved transparency; recommends finding a way to publish vaccine contracts sooner and in less redacted versions; ### 131. considers that the procurement mechanisms , notably the advanced purchase agreements used for vaccine contracting , has been a useful tool to guarantee an adequate furniture of vaccines when most needed; stresses that full transparency and accountability must be ensured in the future , also through the publication of contracts; highlights that the european parliament resolution on eu transparency in the development , purchase and distribution of covid-19 vaccines (2021/2678(rsp)) calls on the commission to publish non-redacted versions of the purchase agreements entered into without further delay; calls on the commission to develop a transparency policy for advance purchase agreements that informs future negotiation processes;


### 131. considers that the procurement mechanisms , notably the advanced purchase agreements used for vaccine contracting , could have improved transparency; recommends finding a way to publish vaccine contracts sooner and in less redacted versions; ### 131. considers that the procurement mechanisms , notably the advanced purchase agreements used for vaccine contracting , lacked transparency and accountability; recommends unbiased , and comparable information publication on contracts including , vaccine contracts sooner and in unredacted versions;


### 131. considers that the procurement mechanisms , notably the advanced purchase agreements used for vaccine contracting , could have improved transparency; recommends finding a way to publish vaccine contracts sooner and in less redacted versions; ### 131. considers that the procurement mechanisms , notably the advanced purchase agreements used for vaccine contracting , did not have the transparency expected by european citizens; recommends finding a way to publish vaccine contracts sooner and in less redacted versions;


### 132. highlights that the four freedoms are fundamental building blocks of the european project and therefore deplores the initial blocking of essential goods , including personal protective equipment (ppe) and medical equipment , and delivery failures across the single market during the first part of the covid-19 pandemic; ### 132. highlights that the four freedoms are fundamental building blocks of the european project; deplores therefore the initial lack of cooperation and coordination among member states concerning the free movement of essential goods , including personal protective equipment (ppe) and medical equipment , and delivery failures across the single market during the first part of the covid-19 pandemic;


### 132. highlights that the four freedoms are fundamental building blocks of the european project and therefore deplores the initial blocking of essential goods , including personal protective equipment (ppe) and medical equipment , and delivery failures across the single market during the first part of the covid-19 pandemic; ### 132. highlights that the four freedoms are fundamental building blocks of the european project and therefore condemns the initial blocking of essential goods , including personal protective equipment (ppe) and medical equipment , and delivery failures across the single market during the first part of the covid-19 pandemic;


### 133. highlights that , in 2020 , the commission published guidelines for border management measures to protect health and ensure the availability of goods and essential services26 , as well as a communication on green lanes27 , in order for member states to guarantee the continued functioning of supply chains in the single market and avoid possible shortages , and guidelines concerning the exercise of the free movement of workers during covid-19 outbreak28 to allow workers in critical occupations , in particular , to perform activities related to essential services; ### 133. points out that , in 2020 , the commission published guidelines for border management measures to protect health and ensure the availability of goods and essential services26 , as well as a communication on green lanes27 , in order for member states to guarantee the continued functioning of supply chains in the single market and avoid possible shortages , and guidelines concerning the exercise of the free movement of workers during covid-19 outbreak28 to allow workers in critical occupations , in particular , to perform activities related to essential services;


### 134. notes that diverging approaches among the member states on the use of the eu digital covid certificate undermined public trust in the tool; ### deleted


### 134. notes that diverging approaches among the member states on the use of the eu digital covid certificate undermined public trust in the tool; ### 134. notes that the way in which the digital passport was adopted , in emergency proceedings , without debate , without taking medical considerations into account , and diverging political decisions among the member states on the use of the eu digital covid certificate led to a lack of public trust in the tool;


### conclusions ### deleted


### 135. acknowledges that , in the middle of the crisis , institutions were confronted with exceptional situations in which urgency necessarily prevailed over the timely publication of certain documents; stresses , however , that transparency should still be a priority; ### 135. notes that , in the middle of the crisis , institutions were confronted with exceptional situations in which urgency prevailed over the timely publication of certain documents; stresses that the lack of transparency is not justified by this crisis and stresses that transparency in the work of the eu institutions is of the utmost importance , even under the conditions of the pandemic crisis;


### 135. acknowledges that , in the middle of the crisis , institutions were confronted with exceptional situations in which urgency necessarily prevailed over the timely publication of certain documents; stresses , however , that transparency should still be a priority; ### 135. acknowledges that , in the middle of the crisis , europeans as well as public institutions were confronted with an exceptional situations and urgency was necessary on certain aspects; stresses that transparency should still be a priority especially in crisis situations in order to gain and maintain citizens trust into the functioning of public institutions;


### 135. acknowledges that , in the middle of the crisis , institutions were confronted with exceptional situations in which urgency necessarily prevailed over the timely publication of certain documents; stresses , however , that transparency should still be a priority; ### 135. acknowledges that , in the middle of the crisis , institutions were confronted with exceptional situations; underlines that public decision making should always be transparent and accountable and that transparency should still be a priority;


### 136. considers that the covid-19 crisis was a stress test for the eu’s democratic resilience; ### 136. considers that the covid-19 crisis was a stress test for the eu’s democratic resilience; acknowledges that pre-covid existing breaches of fundamental rights have been exacerbated during the crisis due to health emergency measures that have been misused by some member states;


### 136. considers that the covid-19 crisis was a stress test for the eu’s democratic resilience; ### 136. notes that the covid-19 crisis was a stress test for the eu’s democratic resilience;