### 2. believes in the clear economic benefits of a functioning digital single market for the eu and its member states; stresses the important obligation to ensure a fair digital ecosystem in which fundamental rights and data protection are respected; calls for a minimum level of intervention based on the principles of necessity and proportionality; ### 2. believes in the clear economic benefits of a functioning digital single market for the eu and its member states; stresses the important obligation to ensure a fair digital ecosystem in which fundamental rights , especially data protection , privacy and non-discrimination are at its core;


### 3. deems it necessary that illegal content is removed swiftly and consistently in order to address crimes and fundamental rights violations; considers that voluntary codes of conduct only partially address the issue; ### 3. deems it necessary that illegal content is removed swiftly and consistently , through a clear and harmonised notice-and-action procedure with the necessary safeguards in place , such as transparency of the process , the right to appeal and access to effective judicial redress; considers that voluntary codes of conduct only partially address the issue;


### 3. deems it necessary that illegal content is removed swiftly and consistently in order to address crimes and fundamental rights violations; considers that voluntary codes of conduct only partially address the issue; ### 3. deems it necessary that illegal content is removed swiftly and consistently in order to address crimes , especially those relating to children and fundamental rights violations; considers that voluntary codes of conduct only partially address the issue;


### 3. deems it necessary that illegal content is removed swiftly and consistently in order to address crimes and fundamental rights violations; considers that voluntary codes of conduct only partially address the issue; ### 3. deems it necessary that illegal content is removed consistently within a strictly defined period of time in order to address crimes and fundamental rights violations; considers that voluntary codes of conduct only partially address the issue;


### 4. recalls that illegal content online should not only be removed by online platforms , but should be followed up by law enforcement and the judiciary; finds , in this regard , that a key issue in some member states is not that they have unresolved cases but rather unopened ones; calls for barriers to filing complaints with competent authorities to be removed; is convinced that , given the borderless nature of the internet and the fast dissemination of illegal content online , cooperation between service providers and national competent authorities should be improved; ### 4. recalls that illegal content online should not be just removed by online platforms , but should be followed up by law enforcement and , where needed , the judiciary; finds , in this regard , that a key issue in some member states is not that they just have unresolved cases but also unopened ones;


### 5. acknowledges the fact that , while the illegal nature of certain types of content can be easily established , the decision is more difficult for other types of content as it requires contextualisation; warns that some automated tools are not sophisticated enough to take contextualisation into account , which could lead to unnecessary restrictions being placed on the freedom of expression; ### 5. acknowledges the fact that , while the illegal nature of certain types of content can be easily established , the decision is more difficult for other types of content as it requires contextualisation; reminds in this regard of the incapacity of current automated tools in grasping the importance of context for specific pieces of content , underlines that algorithms are not currently capable of critical analysis , and takes therefore the view that the digital services act should not contain any obligation for compulsory use of automated tools in content moderation; believes that any voluntary automated measures put in place by the content hosting platforms should be subject to extensive human oversight and to full transparency of design and performance;


### 7. strongly believes that the current eu legal framework governing digital services should be updated with a view to addressing the challenges posed by new technologies and ensuring legal clarity and respect for fundamental rights; considers that the reform should build on the solid foundation of and full compliance with existing eu law , especially the general data protection regulation and the directive on privacy and electronic communications; ### 7. strongly believes that the current eu legal framework governing digital services should be updated with a view to addressing the challenges posed by new technologies such as the prevalence of all-encompassing profiling and algorithmic decision-making that permeates all areas of life , and ensuring legal clarity and respect for fundamental rights; considers that the reform should build on the solid foundation of and full compliance with existing eu law , especially the general data protection regulation and the directive on privacy and electronic communications;


### 8. deems it indispensable to have the widest-possible harmonisation of rules on liability exemptions and content moderation at eu level to guarantee the respect of fundamental rights and the freedoms of users across the eu; expresses its concern that recent national laws to tackle hate speech and disinformation lead to a fragmentation of rules; ### 8. deems it indispensable to have full harmonisation of rules on liability exemptions and content moderation at eu level to guarantee the respect of fundamental rights and the freedoms of users across the eu; expresses its concern that recent national laws to tackle hate speech and disinformation lead to a fragmentation of rules;


### 9. calls , to this end , for legislative proposals that keep the digital single market open and competitive by requiring digital service providers to apply effective , coherent , transparent and fair procedures and procedural safeguards to remove illegal content in line with european values; firmly believes that this should be harmonised within the digital single market; ### 9. calls , to this end , for legislative proposals that keep the digital single market open and competitive by requiring digital service providers to apply effective , coherent , transparent and fair procedures and procedural safeguards to prevent by actively detecting and reporting reliably identified child sexual abuse material (csam) online and removing illegal content in line with european values; firmly believes that this should be harmonised within the digital single market;


### 9. calls , to this end , for legislative proposals that keep the digital single market open and competitive by requiring digital service providers to apply effective , coherent , transparent and fair procedures and procedural safeguards to remove illegal content in line with european values; firmly believes that this should be harmonised within the digital single market; ### 9. calls , to this end , that the digital single market is kept open and competitive by requiring digital service providers to apply effective , coherent , transparent and fair procedures with robust procedural safeguards to remove illegal content via a harmonised notice-and-action procedure in line with european legislation;


### 10. believes , in this regard , that online platforms that are actively hosting or moderating content should bear more , yet proportionate , responsibility for the infrastructure they provide and the content on it; emphasises that this should be achieved without resorting to general monitoring requirements; ### 10. believes , in this regard , that it is crucial for online platforms to have clarity provided for by setting clear rules , requirements and safeguards for a harmonised notice-and-action procedure; emphasises that any measure put in place for the removal of illegal content cannot constitute or imply a general monitoring requirement;


### 11. highlights that this should include rules on the notice-and-action mechanisms and requirements for platforms to take proactive measures that are proportionate to their scale of reach and operational capacities in order to address the appearance of illegal content on their services; supports a balanced duty-of-care approach and a clear chain of responsibility to avoid unnecessary regulatory burdens for the platforms and unnecessary and disproportionate restrictions on fundamental rights , including the freedom of expression; ### 11. supports a clear chain of responsibility to avoid unnecessary regulatory burdens for the platforms and unnecessary and disproportionate restrictions on fundamental rights , including the freedom of expression;


### 11. highlights that this should include rules on the notice-and-action mechanisms and requirements for platforms to take proactive measures that are proportionate to their scale of reach and operational capacities in order to address the appearance of illegal content on their services; supports a balanced duty-of-care approach and a clear chain of responsibility to avoid unnecessary regulatory burdens for the platforms and unnecessary and disproportionate restrictions on fundamental rights , including the freedom of expression; ### 11. highlights that this should include rules on the notice-and-action mechanisms and requirements for platforms to take proactive measures that are proportionate to their scale of reach and operational capacities in order to address and prevent the appearance of illegal content on their services , considers that this should entail an obligation for platforms to detect and remove reliably identified child sexual abuse material (csam); supports a balanced duty-of-care approach and a clear chain of responsibility to avoid unnecessary regulatory burdens for the platforms and unnecessary and disproportionate restrictions on fundamental rights , including the freedom of expression;


### 11. highlights that this should include rules on the notice-and-action mechanisms and requirements for platforms to take proactive measures that are proportionate to their scale of reach and operational capacities in order to address the appearance of illegal content on their services; supports a balanced duty-of-care approach and a clear chain of responsibility to avoid unnecessary regulatory burdens for the platforms and unnecessary and disproportionate restrictions on fundamental rights , including the freedom of expression; ### 11. highlights that this should include rules on the notice-and-action mechanisms and requirements for platforms to take proactive measures that are proportionate to their scale of reach and operational capacities in order to address the appearance of illegal content on their services; supports a balanced duty-of-care approach , based on an assessment of the risks incurred by the platforms and likely to encourage them to take proactive measures , and a clear chain of responsibility to avoid unnecessary regulatory burdens for the platforms and unnecessary and disproportionate restrictions on fundamental rights , including the freedom of expression;


### 12. stresses the need for appropriate safeguards and due process obligations , including human oversight and verification , in addition to counter notice procedures , to ensure that removal or blocking decisions are accurate , well-founded and respect fundamental rights; recalls that the possibility of judicial redress should be made available to satisfy the right to effective remedy; ### 12. stresses the need for appropriate safeguards and due process obligations , including human oversight and verification , in addition to counter notice procedures , to ensure that removal or blocking decisions are legal , well-founded and respect fundamental rights; recalls that while counter-notice procedures , complaint mechanisms and out-of-court dispute settlements can be valuable tools in protecting fundamental rights of the users of digital services , they cannot preclude access to effective judicial redress and remedy;


### 13. supports limited liability for content and the country of origin principle , but considers improved coordination for removal requests between national competent authorities to be essential; emphasises that such orders should be subject to legal safeguards in order to prevent abuse and ensure full respect of fundamental rights; stresses that sanctions should apply to those service providers that fail to comply with legitimate orders; ### 13. supports limited liability for content and the country of origin principle , but considers improved coordination for removal requests between national competent authorities to be essential; emphasises that such orders should be subject to legal safeguards in order to prevent abuse and ensure full respect of fundamental rights; stresses that sanctions should apply to those service providers that fail to comply with legitimate orders; calls for the creation of an eu centre for preventing and combating child sexual abuse that would ensure an effective and coordinated response to child sexual abuse cases online , as requested in the european parliament resolution on children's rights in the occasion of the 30th anniversary of the un convention on the rights of the child of 26 november 2019;


### 13. supports limited liability for content and the country of origin principle , but considers improved coordination for removal requests between national competent authorities to be essential; emphasises that such orders should be subject to legal safeguards in order to prevent abuse and ensure full respect of fundamental rights; stresses that sanctions should apply to those service providers that fail to comply with legitimate orders; ### 13. supports limited liability exemption for all types of intermediaries and the country of origin principle , and considers improved coordination for removal requests between national competent authorities to be essential; emphasises that such orders should be subject to legal safeguards in order to prevent abuse and ensure full respect of fundamental rights; stresses that sanctions should apply only to those service providers that fail to comply with legitimate orders;


### 14. believes that terms of services of digital service providers should be clear , transparent and fair; deplores the fact that some terms of services from content platforms do not allow law enforcement to use non-personal accounts , which poses a threat both to possible investigations and to personal safety; ### 14. believes that the terms of service of digital service providers should be clear , transparent and fair; recalls that any take-down-notice from an authority has to always be based on law , not on the terms of service of the service providers;


### 15. underlines that certain types of legal , yet harmful , content should also be addressed to ensure a fair digital ecosystem; expects guidelines to include increased transparency rules on content moderation or political advertising policy to ensure that removals and the blocking of harmful content are limited to the absolute necessary; ### 15. underlines the need to regulate content curation and tracking-based targeted advertisement through giving more choice and control to users; emphasises that users should be able to choose to opt out completely of any content curation , decide whether to opt in to tracking , and have more options on the way content is ranked to them , including a ranking outside their ordinary content consumption habits; strongly believes that the design and performance of such recommendation systems should be subject to full transparency , presented in a user-friendly manner;


### 16. deems that accountability- and evidence-based policy making requires robust data on the prevalence and removal of illegal content online; ### 16. underlines the wedge between the speed and capacity of machines relative to the capacity of humans to monitor these machines; therefore deems that accountability always lies with the human overseers - and calls for evidence-based policy making , requiring robust data on the prevalence and removal of illegal content online , in order to ensure a transparent system that can be trusted by all;


### 16. deems that accountability- and evidence-based policy making requires robust data on the prevalence and removal of illegal content online; ### 16. deems that accountability- and evidence-based policy making requires robust data on the prevalence and removal of illegal content online , as well as the incidence and prevention of illegal activity online , particularly against children and other vulnerable groups;


### 17. calls , in this regard , for a regular public reporting obligation for platforms , proportionate to their scale of reach and operational capacities; ### 17. calls , in this regard , for a regular public reporting obligation for platforms , proportionate to their scale of reach and operational capacities; in the case of child sexual abuse , the reporting should be done to the eu centre for preventing and combating child sexual abuse;


### 17. calls , in this regard , for a regular public reporting obligation for platforms , proportionate to their scale of reach and operational capacities; ### 17. calls for large commercial online platforms to make their procedures and decisions to remove content publicly available;


### 18. calls , moreover , for a regular public reporting obligation for national authorities; ### 18. calls , moreover , for a regular public reporting obligation for national authorities on their requests for deletion of illegal content from digital platforms;


### 19. expresses its concern regarding the fragmentation of public oversight and supervision of platforms and the frequent lack of financial and human resources for the oversight bodies needed to properly fulfil their tasks; calls for increased cooperation with regard to regulatory oversight of digital services; ### 19. expresses its concern regarding the documented lack of financial and human resources for the supervision and oversight bodies needed to properly fulfil their tasks;


### 20. supports the creation of an independent eu body to exercise effective oversight of compliance with the applicable rules; believes that it should enforce procedural safeguards and transparency and provide quick and reliable guidance on contexts in which legal content is to be considered harmful; ### deleted


### 21. considers that the transparency reports drawn up by platforms and national competent authorities should be made available to this eu body , which should be tasked with drawing up yearly reports that provide a structured analysis of illegal content removal and blocking at eu level; ### deleted


### 21. considers that the transparency reports drawn up by platforms and national competent authorities should be made available to this eu body , which should be tasked with drawing up yearly reports that provide a structured analysis of illegal content removal and blocking at eu level; ### 21. considers that the transparency reports drawn up by platforms and national competent authorities should be made available to this eu body , which should be tasked with drawing up yearly reports that provide a structured analysis of illegal content , detection , removal and blocking at eu level;


### 22. stresses that this eu body should not take on the role of content moderator , but that it should analyse , upon complaint or on its own initiative , whether and how digital service providers amplify illegal content; calls for this regulator to have the power to impose proportionate fines or other corrective actions when platforms do not provide sufficient information on their procedures or algorithms in a timely manner; ### deleted


### 23. underlines the importance of empowering users to enforce their own fundamental rights online , including by means of easily accessible complaint procedures , legal remedies , educational measures and awareness-raising on data protection issues; ### 23. underlines the importance of empowering users to enforce their own fundamental rights online , including by means of easily accessible complaint procedures , reporting mechanisms for illegal content and criminal behaviour for individuals and companies , legal remedies , educational measures , , including the sharing of advice on child online safety , awareness-raising on data protection issues and online safety and the provision of access to cost-free child helplines and age-appropriate services;


### 1. notes that the scope of the definition of information society services provided for in the e-commerce directive has been subject to a rich case-law by the european court of justice , especially regarding online platforms in the transport and short-rentals sectors , and hence needs to be clarified; ### 1. notes that the scope of the definition of information society services provided for in the e-commerce directive has been the subject of a rich case-law by the european court of justice , especially regarding online platforms in the transport and short-rentals sectors , and hence an updated and clear scope of the definition is needed;


### 1. considers it necessary to adopt uniform , union-wide rules to combat hatred and disinformation and to protect children and youth as well as rules governing online advertising and fair e-commerce and at the same time calls for a strict distinction to be made between illegal and harmful content and cases of disinformation , as different rules are applicable in each case; ### 1. considers it necessary , as a general principle , to adopt uniform , eu-wide rules to combat hatred and disinformation and to protect children and youth as well as rules governing online advertising and fair e-commerce and at the same time calls for a strict distinction to be made between illegal and harmful content and cases of disinformation , as different rules are applicable in each case;


### 1. underlines that digital services and their underlying algorithms need to fully respect fundamental rights , especially the protection of privacy and personal data , non-discrimination and the freedom of speech and information , as enshrined in the treaties and the charter of fundamental rights of the european union; calls therefore on the commission to implement an obligation of transparency and explainability of algorithms , and the possibility of human intervention , as well as other measures , such as independent audits and specific stress tests to assist and enforce compliance; ### 1. underlines that digital services and their underlying algorithms need to fully respect fundamental rights , especially privacy , the protection of personal data , non-discrimination and the freedom of expression and information , as enshrined in the treaties and the charter of fundamental rights of the european union; calls therefore on the commission to implement an obligation of transparency and explainability of algorithms , penalties to enforce such obligations , and the possibility of human intervention , as well as other measures , such as independent audits and specific stress tests to assist and enforce compliance;


### 1. underlines that digital services and their underlying algorithms need to fully respect fundamental rights , especially the protection of privacy and personal data , non-discrimination and the freedom of speech and information , as enshrined in the treaties and the charter of fundamental rights of the european union; calls therefore on the commission to implement an obligation of transparency and explainability of algorithms , and the possibility of human intervention , as well as other measures , such as independent audits and specific stress tests to assist and enforce compliance; ### 1. underlines that digital services and their underlying algorithms need to fully respect fundamental rights , especially the protection of privacy and personal data and the freedom of speech and information , as enshrined in the treaties and the charter of fundamental rights of the european union; calls therefore on the commission to implement an obligation of non-discrimination , monitoring , evaluation , transparency and explainability of algorithms , and the possibility of human intervention , as well as other measures , such as independent audits and specific stress tests to assist and enforce compliance;


### 1. stresses that wherever it is technically possible and reasonable , intermediaries should be required to enable the anonymous use of their services and payment for them , since anonymity effectively prevents unauthorised data disclosure and identity theft; notes that where the directive on consumer rights requires commercial traders to communicate their identity , providers of major market places could be obliged to verify their identity , while in other cases the right to use digital services anonymously should be upheld; ### 1. stresses that wherever it is technically possible and reasonable , intermediaries should be required to enable the anonymous use of their services and payment for them , since anonymity effectively prevents unauthorised data disclosure and identity theft; notes that where the directive on consumer rights requires commercial traders to communicate their identity , providers of major market places could be obliged to verify their identity , affirms that whenever platforms must verify the identity of users , they may not disclose users' identities without explicit and freely given consent;


### 1. stresses that wherever it is technically possible and reasonable , intermediaries should be required to enable the anonymous use of their services and payment for them , since anonymity effectively prevents unauthorised data disclosure and identity theft; notes that where the directive on consumer rights requires commercial traders to communicate their identity , providers of major market places could be obliged to verify their identity , while in other cases the right to use digital services anonymously should be upheld; ### 1. stresses that wherever it is technically and legally possible and reasonable , intermediaries should be required to enable the anonymous use of their services and payment for them , since anonymity effectively prevents unauthorised data disclosure and identity theft; notes that where union law requires commercial traders to communicate their identity , providers of online marketplaces could be obliged to verify the identity of the traders acting in a professional or non-professional capacity , while in other cases the right to use digital services anonymously could be upheld;


### 2. calls on the commission to clarify the liability of transport and tourism platforms; invites the commission to set a uniform obligation for platforms to verify the legality of the service offered and the service provider and to act on illegal content , through a legally binding notice and action procedure. ### 2. calls on the commission to clarify the liability of transport and tourism platforms; invites therefore the commission to set a uniform obligation for platforms to verify the legality of the service offered and the information provided by the service provider through the introduction of due diligence protocols , urges the commission to act on illegal content , through a legally binding notice and action procedure.


### 2. calls on the commission to clarify the liability of transport and tourism platforms; invites the commission to set a uniform obligation for platforms to verify the legality of the service offered and the service provider and to act on illegal content , through a legally binding notice and action procedure. ### 2. calls on the commission to clarify the liability of transport and tourism platforms; invites the commission to set a uniform obligation for platforms to verify the legality of the service offered and the service provider and to act on illegal content , through a legally binding notice and action procedure. highlights that following notification , in case of inaction by the platform , an effective , dissuasive and proportionate sanction mechanism should be put in place;


### 2. calls on the commission to clarify the liability of transport and tourism platforms; invites the commission to set a uniform obligation for platforms to verify the legality of the service offered and the service provider and to act on illegal content , through a legally binding notice and action procedure. ### 2. calls on the commission to clarify the liability of transport and tourism platforms; invites the commission to set a uniform obligation for platforms to verify the legality and veracity of the service offered and the service provider and to act on illegal content , through a legally binding notice and action procedure.


### 2. calls on the commission to clarify the liability of transport and tourism platforms; invites the commission to set a uniform obligation for platforms to verify the legality of the service offered and the service provider and to act on illegal content , through a legally binding notice and action procedure. ### 2. calls on the commission to clarify the liability of transport and tourism platforms; invites the commission to set a uniform obligation for platforms to verify the legality of the service offered and the service provider and to act on irregularities , through a legally binding notice and action procedure.


### 2. calls on platform operators not only to immediately delete illegal content after positive identification , but also to continuously transmit it to the law enforcement authorities for the purpose of further prosecution , including the metadata necessary for this purpose , ### 2. calls for a requirement to be imposed on operators of active hosting platforms entailing a duty of care which must be actively and independently respected to ensure that illegal content which appears on active hosting platforms is not only immediately deleted but also continuously transmitted to the competent authorities for the purpose of further prosecution; considers that the operators should store the associated metadata for a limited period of time and pass it on only in response to a request from the competent authority during that period; considers that compliance with this duty of care should be monitored by state agencies;


### 2. calls on platform operators not only to immediately delete illegal content after positive identification , but also to continuously transmit it to the law enforcement authorities for the purpose of further prosecution , including the metadata necessary for this purpose , ### 2. calls on platform operators not only to immediately delete illegal content after positive identification , but also to continuously transmit it to the competent authorities for the purpose of further prosecution , including the metadata necessary for this purpose;


### 2. emphasises that the rapid development of digital services requires strong legislation to protect privacy and a reasonable duty of care to ensure digital dignity; stresses therefore in this regard that all digital services need to fully respect union data protection law , namely regulation (eu) 2016/679 of the european parliament and of the council (gdpr)1and directive (ec) 2002/58 of the european parliament and of the council (eprivacy)2 , currently under revision , and the freedom of expression; ### 2. emphasises that the rapid development of digital services requires strong legislation to protect privacy and a reasonable duty of care to ensure digital dignity; stresses therefore in this regard that all digital services need to fully respect union data protection law , namely regulation (eu) 2016/679 of the european parliament and of the council (gdpr)1 and directive (ec) 2002/58 of the european parliament and of the council (eprivacy)2 , currently under revision; underlines that the digital services act should respect the broad framework of fundamental european rights of users and consumers , such as non-discrimination , justice and the freedom of expression;


### 2. emphasises that the rapid development of digital services requires strong legislation to protect privacy and a reasonable duty of care to ensure digital dignity; stresses therefore in this regard that all digital services need to fully respect union data protection law , namely regulation (eu) 2016/679 of the european parliament and of the council (gdpr)1 and directive (ec) 2002/58 of the european parliament and of the council (eprivacy)2 , currently under revision , and the freedom of expression; ### 2. emphasises that the rapid development of digital services requires a strong futureproof legislative framework to protect personal data and privacy; stresses therefore in this regard that all digital services need to fully respect union data protection law , namely regulation (eu) 2016/679 of the european parliament and of the council (gdpr)1 and directive (ec) 2002/58 of the european parliament and of the council (eprivacy)2 , currently under revision , the freedom of expression and non-discrimination;


### 2. notes that since the online activities of individuals allow for deep insights into their personality and make it possible to manipulate them , the collection and use of personal data concerning the use of digital services should be subjected to a specific privacy framework and limited to the extent necessary to provide and bill the use of the service; ### 2. notes that since the online activities of individuals allow for deep insights into their personality and make it possible to manipulate them , the collection and use of personal data notably by systemic platforms and social networks concerning the use of digital services , should be subjected to a specific privacy framework and limited to the extent necessary to provide and bill the use of the service;


### 3. stresses the importance of establishing a european authority tasked with overseeing the online platform market , with offices for transport and tourism. ### 3. stresses the importance of establishing a european authority tasked with overseeing the online platform market , with offices for transport and tourism. emphasizes the importance of regulating and overseeing the underlying algorithms of platform companies to avoid discrimination , misinformation and exploitation of workers.


### 3. stresses the importance of establishing a european authority tasked with overseeing the online platform market , with offices for transport and tourism. ### 3. stresses the importance of establishing a european authority tasked , among other things , with overseeing the online platform market and facilitating data sharing and redress for consumers , with offices for transport and tourism.


### 3. insists that the protection and promotion of freedom and diversity of opinion , information , the press and cultural forms of expression , as well as the protection of the privacy of communication between individuals , form the basis of liberal democracy and that this applies online without restriction; demands therefore that the use of all technologically feasible means of combating harmful or illegal content on the internet in this context be subjected to careful prior constitutional vetting and therefore rejects prior checks on content as disproportionate; ### 3. insists that the protection and promotion of freedom and diversity of opinion , information , the press and cultural forms of expression , as well as the protection of the privacy of communication between individuals , form the basis of liberal democracy and that this applies online without restriction; is also aware of the possible conflict between these freedoms and other fundamental rights , such as security and property - including intellectual property - and of the possibly irreparable consequences of failure to ensure prior control of certain content; demands therefore that the use of all technologically feasible means of combating harmful or illegal content on the internet in this context be subjected to rigorous standards that are known to users in advance; stresses the need to notify users in real time of the activation of such controls and the existence of an effective and adaptable appeals procedure , firstly with the private supplier and then with an administrative authority;


### 3. recommends commission to work on harmonising the national personal identification sign-ins with a view to creating a single union sign-in system in order to ensure the protection of personal data and age verification , especially for children; ### 3. recommends the commission to create a verification system for users of digital services , in order to ensure the protection of personal data and age verification , especially for minors , which shall not be used to track the users cross-site nor used commercially;


### 3. notes that automated tools are unable to differentiate illegal content from content that is legal in a given context; highlights that human review of automated reports by service providers does not solve this problem as private staff lack the independence , qualification and accountability of public authorities; stresses , therefore , that the digital services act should explicitly prohibit any obligation on hosting service providers or other technical intermediaries to use automated tools for content moderation , and refrain from imposing notice-and-stay-down mechanisms; insists that content moderation procedures used by providers should not lead to any ex-ante control measures based on automated tools or upload-filtering of content; ### 3. notes that automated tools could improve the functioning of content recognition technologies to differentiate illegal content from content that is legal where it is legally provided and could enhance existing practices if use in combination with human review and an increased transparency on their functioning; underlines that to ensure the well-being and independence of the personnel , the staff should receive proper training and adequate psychological support to develop skills that help them and to discern on the need to collaborate with public authorities where needed; stresses that the digital services act should explicitly prohibit any obligation on hosting service providers or other technical intermediaries to use automated tools for content moderation , unless otherwise specified in existing legal text; insists that content moderation procedures used by providers should not lead to a general monitoring of uploaded content;


### 4. calls on the commission to enhance the relationship between stakeholders and local authorities in the short-term rental market and mobility services. ### 4. calls on the commission to enhance the relationship between stakeholders and local authorities in the short-term rental market and mobility services by means of clear and specific recommendations applicable across the board to the various eu member states;


### 4. calls on the commission to enhance the relationship between stakeholders and local authorities in the short-term rental market and mobility services. ### 4. calls on the commission to enhance the relationship between stakeholders and local authorities in the short-term rental market and mobility services , with the objective of sharing best practices to improve the ease of doing business in the eu


### 4. emphasises that open , network and technology-neutral access to the internet must be particularly protected by law because it forms the basis for the necessary interoperability of services and systems , ensures diversity , enables fair competition and the creation of a digital service infrastructure that includes access for every single citizen of the union to quality information , educational , scientific and cultural offers; calls therefore on the commission to step up efforts to ensure the equal , non-discriminatory treatment of all data traffic in the union and to critically re-examine the impact of zero-rated offers on competition in the union. ### 4. emphasises that open , network and technology-neutral access to the internet must be particularly protected by law because it forms the basis for the necessary interoperability of services and systems , ensures diversity , fosters digital creation , enables fair competition and the creation of a digital service infrastructure that includes access for every single citizen of the union to quality information , educational , scientific and cultural offers; calls therefore on the commission to step up efforts to ensure the equal , non-discriminatory treatment of all data traffic in the union and to critically re-examine the impact of zero-rated offers on competition in the union;


### 4. points out that biometric data is considered to be a special category of personal data with specific rules for processing; notes that biometrics can and are used for identification and authentication of individuals , which entails significant risks to and interferences with the right to privacy and data protection , as well as enabling identity fraud; calls on the commission to incorporate in its digital services act an obligation to always give users of digital services an alternative for using biometrical data for the functioning of a service , and an obligation to clearly inform the customers on the risks of using biometric data; stresses that a digital service may not be refused where the individual refuses to use biometric data; ### 4. points out that biometric data is considered to be a special category of personal data with specific rules for processing; notes that biometrics can and are used for identification and authentication of individuals , which entails significant risks to and interferences with the right to privacy and data protection , as well as enabling identity fraud; calls on the commission to incorporate in its digital services act obligations on digital services to store biometric data only locally , unless specifically used for research and development of its service and to always give users of digital services an alternative for using biometrical data for the functioning of a service; stresses that a digital service may not be refused where the individual refuses to use biometric data;


### 4. stresses that the responsibility for enforcing the law , deciding on the legality of online activities and ordering hosting service providers to remove or disable access to illegal content as soon as possible should rest with independent judicial authorities; considers that only a hosting service provider that has actual knowledge of illegal content and its illegal nature should be subject to content removal obligations; ### 4. stresses that the final responsibility for enforcing the law , deciding on the legality of online activities should always rest with independent judicial and other competent public authorities; hosting service providers has a duty of care to ensure a safe online environment for users and therefore their responsibility to remove or disable access to illegal content as soon as possible should be based on existing legislation and jurisprudence; considers that only a hosting service provider that has actual knowledge of illegal content and its illegal nature , through a valid notice , should be subject to content removal obligations and to ensure that the same illegal content cannot be re-uploaded;


### 4. stresses that the responsibility for enforcing the law , deciding on the legality of online activities and ordering hosting service providers to remove or disable access to illegal content as soon as possible should rest with independent judicial authorities; considers that only a hosting service provider that has actual knowledge of illegal content and its illegal nature should be subject to content removal obligations; ### 4. stresses that the responsibility for enforcing the law , deciding on the legality of online activities and ordering hosting service providers to remove or disable access to illegal content as soon as possible should rest with independent judicial authorities; warns therefore against provisions encouraging voluntary measures by platforms; underlines the need to ensure full respect for fundamental rights and the civil law rights of users; considers that only a hosting service provider that has actual knowledge of illegal content and its illegal nature should be subject to content removal obligations;


### 5. draws attention to the importance of data access in the platform economy; highlights the vital role data plays for local governments in enforcing and developing policies in the fields of transport and tourism; ### 5. draws attention to the importance of data also as strategic public goods and underlines the relevance of data access in the platform economy; highlights the vital role data plays for local governments in enforcing and developing policies in the fields of transport and tourism; welcomes the communication of the european commission on a european data strategy1 , in particular the development of common european data spaces in strategic economic sectors , such as transport and mobility , in compliance with data protection rules; invites therefore the commission to carefully work on a common european mobility data space as detailed in the roadmap


### 5. draws attention to the importance of data access in the platform economy; highlights the vital role data plays for local governments in enforcing and developing policies in the fields of transport and tourism; ### 5. draws attention to the importance of data access in the platform economy; highlights the vital role data plays for local governments in enforcing and developing policies in the fields of transport and tourism; welcomes the commission’s mobility data space proposal and its data strategy for the public good;


### 5. draws attention to the importance of data access in the platform economy; highlights the vital role data plays for local governments in enforcing and developing policies in the fields of transport and tourism; ### 5. draws attention to the importance of data access in the platform economy , in line with the general data protection regulation; highlights the vital role data plays for local governments in enforcing and developing policies in the fields of transport and tourism;


### 5. notes the potential negative impact of micro-targeted advertising and of assessment of individuals , especially on minors and other vulnerable groups , by interfering in the private life of individuals , posing questions as to the collection and use of the data used to target said advertising , offering products or services or setting prices; calls therefore on the commission to introduce a limitation on micro-targeted advertisements , especially on vulnerable groups , and a prohibition on the use of discriminatory practices for the provision of services or products. ### 5. notes the potential negative impact of personalised advertising , in particular micro-targeted and behavioural advertisements , and of assessments of individuals , especially minors , by interfering in the private life of individuals , posing questions as to the collection and use of the data used to personalise advertising , offering products or services or setting prices; calls therefore on the commission to introduce a phase-out prohibition on personalised advertisements , starting with minors , and a prohibition on the use of discriminatory practices for the provision of services or products;


### 5. emphasises that the spread of false and racist information on social media should be contained by giving users control over content proposed to them; stresses that curating content on the basis of tracking user actions should require the user’s consent; proposes that users of social networks should have a right to see their timeline in chronological order; suggests that dominant platforms should provide users with an api to have content curated by software or services of their choice; ### 5. emphasises that the spread of disinformation and harmful content on social media should be contained by giving users control over content proposed to them; stresses that curating content on the basis of tracking user actions should require the user’s consent; proposes that users of social networks should have a right to see their timeline in chronological order with or without any curation; suggests that platforms with significant market power should provide an api for users to have content curated by software or services of their choice;


### 5. emphasises that the spread of false and racist information on social media should be contained by giving users control over content proposed to them; stresses that curating content on the basis of tracking user actions should require the user’s consent; proposes that users of social networks should have a right to see their timeline in chronological order; suggests that dominant platforms should provide users with an api to have content curated by software or services of their choice; ### 5. emphasises that the spread of disinformation such as false and racist information on social media should be contained , also by giving users control over content proposed to them; stresses that curating content on the basis of tracking user actions should require the user’s consent; proposes that users of social networks should have a right to see their timeline in chronological order; suggests that dominant platforms should provide users with an api to have content curated by software or services of their choice;


### 6. stresses the need to build on the p2b regulation to limit the dominance of market giants in the transport and tourism sector; stresses the urgency for the commission to establish well defined criteria regarding “size” of platforms. ### 6. stresses the need to build on the p2b regulation1a to limit the dominance of market giants in the transport and tourism sector; highlights the urgency for the commission to establish well defined criteria regarding "size" of platforms. denounces the worrying problem of preferencing and self-preferencing on online search engines for the tourism platform market , which creates a shopping bias and can lead to monopolies in the sector.


### 6. stresses the need to build on the p2b regulation to limit the dominance of market giants in the transport and tourism sector; stresses the urgency for the commission to establish well defined criteria regarding “size” of platforms. ### 6. stresses the need to build on the p2b regulation to limit the dominance of market giants in the transport and tourism sector; stresses the urgency for the commission to establish clear and objective criteria regarding “size” of platforms


### 6. stresses that , in order to overcome the lock-in effect of centralised networks and to ensure competition and consumer choice , users of dominant social media services and messaging services should be given a right to cross-platform interaction via open interfaces (interconnectivity). ### 6. stresses that , in order to overcome the lock-in effect of centralised networks and to ensure competition and consumer choice , users of social media services and messaging services with significant market power should be given a right to cross-platform interaction via open interfaces (interconnectivity).


### 7. calls on the commission to come up with a comprehensive framework to align the working conditions of platform workers with those of regular employees; ### 7. calls on the commission to come up with a comprehensive framework to align the working conditions of platform workers in line with those of regular/standard workers to benefit fully from job creation and innovation opportunity of platform work in the transport sector; welcomes in this regard the new directive on transparent and predictable working conditions2a and the council recommendation on access to social protection for workers and the self-employed2b; calls on the commission to closely monitor the enforcement of the acquis in this area.


### 7. calls on the commission to come up with a comprehensive framework to align the working conditions of platform workers with those of regular employees; ### 7. calls on the commission to come up with a comprehensive framework directive to guarantee fair working conditions for platform workers , including the right to exercise the freedom of association and collective bargaining , the right to strike , having a say in the functioning of applications and rating mechanisms , compliance with health and safety regulations and the rules on maximum working periods , and the provision of obligatory training and education as well as any required protection gear at the expense of the platform;


### 7. calls on the commission to come up with a comprehensive framework to align the working conditions of platform workers with those of regular employees; ### 7. calls on the commission to come up with a comprehensive framework to align the working conditions of platform workers with those of regular employees , while fully respecting the autonomy of social partners and national labour market models;


### 8. emphasizes the need for transparency in transport and tourism platforms , specifically on algorithms affecting service , pricing , and advertising. ### 8. emphasizes the need for transparency on transport and tourism platforms , specifically on algorithms affecting service , pricing , and advertising. calls for the implementation of the existing acquis and for further and clearer rules , in transport and tourism platforms on compulsory information to consumers on the rationale behind the personalization of prices and offers , especially when made by automatic decision making software , and the reasons behind the ranking of services they are presented with , for them not to be misled or have information omitted.


### 8. emphasizes the need for transparency in transport and tourism platforms , specifically on algorithms affecting service , pricing , and advertising. ### 8. emphasizes the need for transparency in transport and tourism platforms , specifically on algorithms affecting service quality , pricing , and advertising.


### 8. emphasizes the need for transparency in transport and tourism platforms , specifically on algorithms affecting service , pricing , and advertising. ### 8. emphasizes the need for transparency on availability , service , pricing , and advertising in transport and tourism platforms , specifically on algorithms.


### 9. highlights the need for online platforms in transport and tourism to promote sustainability , also in line with the european green deal. ### 9. highlights the need for online platforms in transport and tourism to promote sustainability through their services , also in line with the european green deal by including environmentally friendly alternatives in their standard interface.


### 9. highlights the need for online platforms in transport and tourism to promote sustainability , also in line with the european green deal. ### 9. highlights the need for online platforms in transport and tourism to promote sustainability , also in line with european green deal objectives.


### 1. recalls the potential that ai has to deliver innovative services to businesses , consumers and the public sector; underlines that the development and use of ai in the internal market will depend on a balanced and effective system of intellectual property rights (iprs); ### 1. recalls the potential that ai has to deliver innovative services to businesses , consumers and the public sector; underlines that the development and use of ai in the internal market will depend on a reliable , balanced and effective system of intellectual property rights (iprs);


### 1. recalls that artificial intelligence (ai) should serve humanity and that its benefits should be widely shared; stresses that , in the long-term , ai may surpass human intellectual capacity; stresses the need therefore to establish safeguards such as human control and verification of ai decision-making; ### 1. recalls that artificial intelligence (ai) should serve humanity and that its benefits should be widely shared , without anyone being left behind; recognises that , in the creative sector , creators already make extensive use of new ai technologies as tools in support of their artistic endeavours to produce their works; stresses that ai is an ever-increasing collection of technologies which are being developed at high speed. these technologies are constantly developing the ability to take on more tasks typically performed by humans. safeguards such as human-centred design must therefore be established , which facilitate human control and verification of ai decision-making;


### 1. recalls that artificial intelligence (ai) should serve humanity and that its benefits should be widely shared; stresses that , in the long-term , ai may surpass human intellectual capacity; stresses the need therefore to establish safeguards such as human control and verification of ai decision-making; ### 1. recalls that artificial intelligence (ai) should serve humanity and that its benefits should be widely shared leaving no one behind; stresses that , as ai is an ever-changing collection of technologies that are being developed at great speed , and as it is constantly gaining the ability to perform more tasks typically related to humans , it shall be required to establish safeguards such as a human centric design which allows for human control and verification of ai decision-making;


### 1. recalls that artificial intelligence (ai) should serve humanity and that its benefits should be widely shared; stresses that , in the long-term , ai may surpass human intellectual capacity; stresses the need therefore to establish safeguards such as human control and verification of ai decision-making; ### 1. recalls that artificial intelligence (ai) should serve humanity and that its benefits should be widely shared and accessible to everyone; stresses that , in the long-term , ai may surpass human intellectual capacity; stresses the need therefore to establish safeguards such as human control and verification of ai decision-making;


### 2. highlights the fact that the development of ai technologies in the transport sector has the potential to bring considerable economic , societal , environmental and safety benefits; ### 2. highlights the fact that the development of ai technologies in the transport and tourism sector has the potential to bring considerable economic , societal , environmental and safety benefits; societies should be prepared for the benefits and the challenges of ai; analyse that ai is applied correctly and no cause harm or damage to people or society.


### 2. highlights the fact that the development of ai technologies in the transport sector has the potential to bring considerable economic , societal , environmental and safety benefits; ### 2. highlights the fact that the development of ai technologies in the transport sector has the potential to bring considerable economic , societal , public , environmental and safety benefits;


### 2. stresses that the eu should play an essential role in laying down basic principles on the development , programming and use of ai , notably in its regulations and codes of conduct; ### 2. stresses that the eu should play an essential role in laying down basic principles on the development , deployment , programming and use of ai , notably in its regulations and codes of conduct; stresses the need for an ethical legal framework and a strategy for digital data , in which fundamental rights and european values must be enshrined;


### 2. stresses that the eu should play an essential role in laying down basic principles on the development , programming and use of ai , notably in its regulations and codes of conduct; ### 2. stresses that the eu should play an essential role in laying down basic principles on the development , deployment and use of ai , notably in its regulations and codes of conduct , in particular an ethical regulatory framework and a digital data strategy anchored in the respect of fundamental rights and european values;


### 2. stresses that the development and deployment of ai technologies and the growth of the global data economy make it necessary to address significant technical , social , economic , ethical and legal issues in a variety of policy areas , including iprs; ### 2. stresses that the development and deployment of ai technologies and the growth of the global data economy make it necessary to address significant technical , social , economic , ethical and legal issues in a variety of policy areas , including iprs; underlines that policy choices in this context should be flexible so as to not hamper the growth or innovation of the union’s still developing data economy;


### 3. affirms that defining the appropriate legal framework for intellectual property rights for ai and connectivity innovations , as well as for access to and security of data will be key in the development and smooth and wide dissemination of ai technologies in transport; ### 3. affirms that defining the appropriate legal framework for intellectual property rights for ai and connectivity innovations , as well as for access to and security of data will be key in the development and smooth and wide dissemination of ai technologies in transport in line with the general data protection regulation;


### 3. affirms that defining the appropriate legal framework for intellectual property rights for ai and connectivity innovations , as well as for access to and security of data will be key in the development and smooth and wide dissemination of ai technologies in transport; ### 3. affirms that defining the appropriate legal framework for intellectual property rights for ai and connectivity innovations , as well as for access to and security of data will be key in the development and smooth and wide dissemination of ai technologies in transport and tourism;


### 3. recalls that ai cannot only perform activities which used to be exclusively human , but that it can also acquire and develop autonomous and cognitive features , through experience learning; stresses that ai systems can autonomously create and generate cultural and creative works , with only minimum human input; notes , moreover , that ai systems can evolve in an unpredictable way , by creating original works unknown to their initial programmers; ### 3. recalls that ai cannot only perform activities which used to be exclusively human , but that it can also acquire and develop autonomous and cognitive features , through experience learning; underlines the need to develop ai features for people with disabilities; stresses that ai systems can autonomously create and generate cultural and creative works , with only minimum human input; notes , moreover , that ai systems can evolve in an unpredictable way , by creating original works unknown to their initial programmers;


### 3. recalls that ai cannot only perform activities which used to be exclusively human , but that it can also acquire and develop autonomous and cognitive features , through experience learning; stresses that ai systems can autonomously create and generate cultural and creative works , with only minimum human input; notes , moreover , that ai systems can evolve in an unpredictable way , by creating original works unknown to their initial programmers; ### 3. recalls that ai is constantly gaining the ability to perform more tasks typically related to humans , by acquiring and developing autonomous and cognitive features , through experience learning; stresses that ai systems , although they are always developed , deployed and used by humans , can autonomously create and generate creative works; notes , moreover , that ai systems can evolve in an unpredictable way , by creating original works unknown to their initial programmers;


### 3. recalls that ai cannot only perform activities which used to be exclusively human , but that it can also acquire and develop autonomous and cognitive features , through experience learning; stresses that ai systems can autonomously create and generate cultural and creative works , with only minimum human input; notes , moreover , that ai systems can evolve in an unpredictable way , by creating original works unknown to their initial programmers; ### 3. observes that , in future , ai will acquire the capacity to take over more tasks that are typically carried out by human beings , by acquiring and developing autonomous and cognitive features through experience learning; stresses that , although ai systems are always developed , deployed and used by people , they can autonomously create and generate creative works; notes , moreover , that ai systems can evolve in an unpredictable way , by creating original works unknown to their initial programmers;


### 4. emphasises the need to address copyright issues relating to ai-generated cultural and creative works; underlines , in that context , the need to assess whether the notion of the human creator as the basis for the intellectual property rights (ipr) system is still adequate for ai-generated works; considers that automatically assigning the copyright of ai-generated works to the copyright holder of the ai software , algorithm or programme may not be the best way forward; ### 4. emphasises the need to address copyright issues relating to ai-generated cultural and creative works; underlines that creation by human beings as authors and producers of works must form the basis of the intellectual property rights (ipr) system; notes , furthermore , that the question of the extent to which a work created by ai can be traced back to a human creator is of key importance; draws attention to the need to assess whether the concept of ‘art’ applies to works produced by ai; considers that automatically assigning the copyright of ai-generated works to the copyright holder of the ai software , algorithm or programme may not be the best way forward , as human intervention in a work produced with the aid of ai must be recognised as authorship; observes that it needs to be debated whether there is such a thing as 'original creation' which does not entail any human intervention , and it is necessary to take such creations into account in the rules governing intellectual property;


### 4. emphasises the need to address copyright issues relating to ai-generated cultural and creative works; underlines , in that context , the need to assess whether the notion of the human creator as the basis for the intellectual property rights (ipr) system is still adequate for ai-generated works; considers that automatically assigning the copyright of ai-generated works to the copyright holder of the ai software , algorithm or programme may not be the best way forward; ### 4. emphasises the need to address copyright issues relating to ai-generated cultural and creative works; underlines , in that context , the need to assess whether the notion of art for ai-generated works , and recalls that the human as author and creator is the basis for the intellectual property rights (ipr) system; considers that automatically assigning the copyright of ai-generated works to the copyright holder of the ai software , algorithm or programme may not be the best way forward as there is a need for a human intervention to be credited for being author of a new creative work;


### 5. expresses concern about the vacuum left between ipr and the development of ai , which could make cultural and creative industries vulnerable to ai-generated copyright-protected works; calls on the commission to support a horizontal and technologically neutral approach to ipr applicable to ai-generated works; ### 5. expresses concern about the vacuum left between ipr and the development of ai , which could make cultural and creative sector vulnerable to ai-generated copyright-protected works; calls on the commission to support a horizontal and technologically neutral approach to ipr applicable to ai-generated works; stresses that uniform copyright provisions with reference to ai are needed in the eu;


### 5. recommends that priority be given to assessment by sector and type of ipr implications of ai technologies; considers that such an approach should take into account the degree of human intervention , the importance of the role of the data used and the possible involvement of other factors , such as sectoral economic equilibria; ### 5. recommends that priority be given to assessment by sector and type of ipr implications of ai technologies; considers that such an approach should take into account the degree of human intervention , the importance of the role of the data used and the possible involvement of other factors , such as sectoral economic equilibria; reminds that any approach must strike the right balance between the need to protect investment of both resources and effort and the need to incentivise creation and sharing;


### 5. recommends that priority be given to assessment by sector and type of ipr implications of ai technologies; considers that such an approach should take into account the degree of human intervention , the importance of the role of the data used and the possible involvement of other factors , such as sectoral economic equilibria; ### 5. recommends that priority be given to assessment by sector and type of ipr implications of ai technologies; considers that such an approach should take into account for example , the degree of human intervention , the autonomy of the ai and the importance of the role and the origin of the data used and the possible involvement of other factors , such as sectoral economic equilibria;


### 6. notes that the current fragmented legal framework of ip rights represents an obstacle for the development of ai technologies in transport; calls on the commission , therefore , to evaluate the fitness of its intellectual property regime for the development of ai technologies and to put forward the legislative proposals it finds necessary; ### 6. notes that the current fragmented legal framework of ip rights represents an obstacle for the development of ai technologies in transport; calls on the commission , therefore , to evaluate the fitness of its intellectual property regime for the development of ai road safety technologies and to put forward the legislative proposals it finds necessary;


### 6. emphasises the need to address the issue of liability for copyright infringements made by ai systems , as well as the issue of data ownership. ### 6. emphasises the need to address the issue of liability for copyright infringements made by ai systems , as well as the issue of data ownership. stresses that issues of patent law must also be taken into account in this context;


### 6. suggests that assessment focus on the impact and implications of ai technology under the current system of patent law , trade mark and design protection , copyright and related rights , including the applicability of the legal protection of databases and computer programs , and the protection of undisclosed know-how and business information (‘trade secrets’) against their unlawful acquisition , use and disclosure; emphasises , further , the need to assess whether contract law and competition rules ought to be strengthened in order to create a more comprehensive legal framework for the economic sectors in which ai plays a part; ### 6. suggests that this assessment focus on the impact and implications of ai technology under the current system of patent law , trade mark and design protection , copyright and related rights , including the applicability of the legal protection of databases and computer programs , and the protection of undisclosed know-how and business information (‘trade secrets’) against their unlawful acquisition , use and disclosure; acknowledges the potential of ai technologies for improving the enforcement of iprs , notwithstanding the need for human verification and review especially where legal consequences are concerned; emphasises , further , the need to assess whether contract law and competition rules ought to be considered as a complement in order to create a more comprehensive legal framework for the economic sectors in which ai plays a part;


### 6. suggests that assessment focus on the impact and implications of ai technology under the current system of patent law , trade mark and design protection , copyright and related rights , including the applicability of the legal protection of databases and computer programs , and the protection of undisclosed know-how and business information (‘trade secrets’) against their unlawful acquisition , use and disclosure; emphasises , further , the need to assess whether contract law and competition rules ought to be strengthened in order to create a more comprehensive legal framework for the economic sectors in which ai plays a part; ### 6. suggests that assessment focus on the impact and implications of ai technology under the current system of patent law , trademark and design protection , copyright and related rights; stresses , however , that the protection of intellectual property and trade secrets must always be reconciled with other fundamental rights and freedoms emphasises , further , the need to assess whether contract law and competition rules ought to be strengthened in order to create a more comprehensive legal framework for the economic sectors in which ai plays a part;


### 7. calls on the commission to evaluate the possibility and relevance for companies of obtaining patents based on software or algorithms with a view to ensuring both the protection of innovation and the need for transparency required for trustworthy ai; ### 7. calls on the commission to evaluate the possibility and relevance for companies , including transport smes , of obtaining patents based on software or algorithms with a view to ensuring both the protection of innovation and the need for transparency required for trustworthy ai;


### 7. points out that mathematical methods are excluded from patentability unless they constitute inventions of a technical nature , which are then patentable if the applicable criteria relating to inventions are met; points out , further , that if a claim relates either to a method involving technical means or to a device , its purpose , considered as a whole , is technical in nature and it is therefore not excluded from patentability; consequently , notes that innovations in ai are patentable if the criteria relating to inventions are met; ### 7. points out that mathematical methods are excluded from patentability unless they constitute inventions of a technical nature , which are then patentable if the applicable criteria relating to inventions are met; points out , further , that if a claim relates either to a method involving technical means or to a device , its purpose , considered as a whole , is technical in nature and it is therefore not excluded from patentability; consequently , notes that innovations in ai are patentable if the criteria relating to inventions are met; underlines , in this regard , the role of patent protection in incentivising new inventions and promoting their dissemination;


### 8. notes that patent protection can be granted provided that the invention is new and not self-evident and involves an inventive step; notes , further , that patent law requires a comprehensive description of the underlying technology , which may pose challenges for certain ai technologies in view of the complexity of the reasoning; stresses also that reverse engineering is an exception to the trade secrets rule that may pose ipr-related problems in the context of the development of ai technologies; ### 8. notes that patent protection can be granted provided that the invention is new and not self-evident and involves an inventive step;


### 8. notes that patent protection can be granted provided that the invention is new and not self-evident and involves an inventive step; notes , further , that patent law requires a comprehensive description of the underlying technology , which may pose challenges for certain ai technologies in view of the complexity of the reasoning; stresses also that reverse engineering is an exception to the trade secrets rule that may pose ipr-related problems in the context of the development of ai technologies; ### 8. notes that patent protection can be granted provided that the invention is new and not self-evident and involves an inventive step; notes , further , that patent law requires a comprehensive description of the underlying technology , which may pose challenges for certain ai technologies in view of the complexity of the reasoning; stresses also that the benefits as well as legal challenges of reverse engineering should be taken into account in the context of the development of ai technologies; notes , lastly , that the threshold of patentability for ai inventions could be lowered regarding socially beneficial areas , such as healthcare the environment , criminal justice , culture and education;


### 9. notes that the autonomisation of the creative process raises issues relating to the ownership of iprs; considers , in this connection , that it would not be appropriate to seek to impart legal personality to ai technologies; ### 9. notes that the autonomisation of the creative process raises issues relating to the ownership of iprs; considers , in this connection , that it would not be appropriate to seek to impart legal personality to ai technologies and points out the negative impact of such possibility on the incentives for human creators;


### 10. welcomes the commission’s willingness to ensure that data will be collected and used and in full compliance with the eu’s strict data protection rules; ### 10. welcomes the commission’s willingness to ensure that data will be collected and used and in full compliance with the eu’s strict rules; stresses the need to continue to safeguard the data of european citizens and to make continuous improvements and systematic updates in this area;


### 10. takes the view that consideration must be given to protecting technical and artistic creations generated by ai , in order to encourage this form of creation; considers that certain works generated by ai can be regarded as equivalent to intellectual works and could therefore be protected by copyright; recommends that ownership of rights be assigned to the person who prepares and publishes a work lawfully , provided that the technology designer has not expressly reserved the right to use the work in that way; ### deleted


### 10. takes the view that consideration must be given to protecting technical and artistic creations generated by ai , in order to encourage this form of creation; considers that certain works generated by ai can be regarded as equivalent to intellectual works and could therefore be protected by copyright; recommends that ownership of rights be assigned to the person who prepares and publishes a work lawfully , provided that the technology designer has not expressly reserved the right to use the work in that way; ### 10. takes the view that consideration must be given to protecting technical and artistic creations generated with the assistance of ai technology , in order to encourage investment in this form of creation and improve legal certainty for creators , businesses and citizens; considers that certain works or other protected subject-matter generated with the assistance of ai technology can be regarded as equivalent to intellectual works and could therefore be protected by copyright , in line with the notion rooted in european law that originality is directly linked to natural persons or human attributes; recommends that ownership of rights be assigned to the person who prepares and publishes a work lawfully , provided that the technology designer has not expressly reserved the right to use the work in that way; calls on the commission to set clear and strict requirements when it comes to assigning ownership of rights to the technology designer instead of the person who prepares and publishes a work lawfully; defends that this approach would also prevent that any copyright protection afforded to certain works generated with the assistance of ai technology could result in a monopoly of a handful of businesses;


### 10. takes the view that consideration must be given to protecting technical and artistic creations generated by ai , in order to encourage this form of creation; considers that certain works generated by ai can be regarded as equivalent to intellectual works and could therefore be protected by copyright; recommends that ownership of rights be assigned to the person who prepares and publishes a work lawfully , provided that the technology designer has not expressly reserved the right to use the work in that way; ### 10. takes the view that consideration must be given to protecting technical and artistic creations generated by ai , in order to encourage this form of creation; considers that for ai-generated content derivative of underlying data protected by copyright ,authorisation of the copyright holders is required unless otherwise permitted by regulatory exceptions; considers that certain works generated by ai can be regarded as equivalent to intellectual works and could therefore be protected by copyright; recommends that ownership of rights be assigned to the person who prepares and publishes a work lawfully , provided that the technology designer has not expressly reserved the right to use the work in that way;


### 10. takes the view that consideration must be given to protecting technical and artistic creations generated by ai , in order to encourage this form of creation; considers that certain works generated by ai can be regarded as equivalent to intellectual works and could therefore be protected by copyright; recommends that ownership of rights be assigned to the person who prepares and publishes a work lawfully , provided that the technology designer has not expressly reserved the right to use the work in that way; ### 10. takes the view that consideration must be given to protecting technical and artistic creations generated by ai , where such protection is justified on the basis on the same or similar creative results , in order to encourage this form of creation; considers that certain works generated by ai can be regarded as equivalent to intellectual works and could therefore be protected by copyright; recommends that ownership of rights be assigned to the person who creates , prepares and publishes a work lawfully , provided that the technology designer has not expressly reserved the right to use the work in that way;


### 11. welcomes the commission’s aim of creating a single european data space with investment in standards , tools and infrastructure; supports in particular the establishment of a common european mobility data space; ### 11. welcomes the commission’s aim of creating a single european data space with investment in standards , tools and infrastructure; supports in particular the establishment of a common european mobility data space in line with the provisions of the general data protection directive;


### 11. looks forward to a review of the current policy on trade marks and designs , as these can be generated autonomously by ai applications; ### deleted


### 11. looks forward to a review of the current policy on trade marks and designs , as these can be generated autonomously by ai applications; ### 11. looks forward to a review of the current policy on trade marks and designs , as these can be generated autonomously by ai applications; calls on the commission to clarify the legal status of in terms of ip rights of trade marks generated by ai applications;


### 12. calls on the commission to address the question of data and intellectual property protection; ### 12. calls on the commission to address the question of data and intellectual property protection by developing initiatives for the exchange of good practices and investing in research in this field;


### 12. notes that ai makes it possible to process a large quantity of data relating to the state of the art or the existence of iprs; notes , at the same time , that the use of ai technology cannot be a substitute for human verification in relation to the granting of iprs and the determination of liability for infringements of iprs; ### 12. notes that ai makes it possible to process a large quantity of data relating to the state of the art or the existence of iprs; notes , at the same time , that the use of ai technology cannot be a substitute for human verification and review , on a case-by-case basis and taking into account all relevant circumstances , in relation to the granting of iprs and the determination of liability for infringements of iprs , in order to ensure the quality and fairness of decisions;


### 13. notes , with regard to the use of data by ai , that the use of copyrighted data needs to be assessed in the light of the text and data mining exceptions provided for by the directive on copyright and related rights in the digital single market; highlights the ipr issues arising from the creation of deep fakes on the basis of data which may be subject to copyright; ### deleted


### 13. notes , with regard to the use of data by ai , that the use of copyrighted data needs to be assessed in the light of the text and data mining exceptions provided for by the directive on copyright and related rights in the digital single market; highlights the ipr issues arising from the creation of deep fakes on the basis of data which may be subject to copyright; ### 13. notes , with regard to the use of data by ai , that the use of copyrighted works and other subject-matter and associated data , datasets and metadata needs to be assessed in the light of the text and data mining exceptions provided for by the directive on copyright and related rights in the digital single market; adds that , despite the exceptions it provides for , the directive does not fully clarify the protection of data under copyright law; highlights the ipr issues arising from the creation of deep fakes on the basis of misleading , manipulated or simply low quality data , irrespective of such deep fakes being data which may be subject to copyright;


### 14. calls on the commission to pay special attention to access for smes to data that could boost their activity; ### 14. calls on the commission to pay special attention to access for smes to data that could boost their activity and give them a firmer foothold on the internal market;


### 14. stresses the importance of full implementation of the digital single market strategy in order to improve data accessibility in the eu; stresses the need to assess in that connection whether eu rules on intellectual property are capable of protecting the data needed for the development of ai; considers that comprehensive information should be provided on the use of data protected by iprs , in particular in the context of platform-to-business relationships; ### 14. stresses the importance of full implementation of the digital single market strategy in order to improve data accessibility in the eu; stresses the need to assess in that connection whether eu rules on intellectual property are an adequate tool to protect the data needed for the development of ai and welcomes the commission’s efforts in this regard; considers that comprehensive information should be provided on the use of data protected by iprs , in particular in the context of platform-to-business relationships;


### 14. stresses the importance of full implementation of the digital single market strategy in order to improve data accessibility in the eu; stresses the need to assess in that connection whether eu rules on intellectual property are capable of protecting the data needed for the development of ai; considers that comprehensive information should be provided on the use of data protected by iprs , in particular in the context of platform-to-business relationships; ### 14. stresses the importance of full implementation of the digital single market strategy in order to improve data accessibility and interoperability in the eu; stresses the need to assess in that connection whether eu rules on intellectual property risk to create unnecessary barriers to access to data; considers that comprehensive information should be provided on the use of data protected by iprs , in particular in the context of platform-to-business relationships;


### 15. endorses the commission’s willingness to invite the key players from the manufacturing sector - transport manufacturers , ai and connectivity innovators - to agree on the conditions under which they would be ready to share their data. ### 15. endorses the commission’s willingness to invite the key players from the manufacturing sector - transport manufacturers , service providers from tourism sector , third players in the automotive value chain , ai and connectivity innovators - to agree on the conditions under which they would be ready to share their data.


### 15. notes that the commission is considering the desirability of legislation on issues that have an impact on relationships between economic operators whose purpose is to make use of data , one element in which is the evaluation of the ipr framework , including a possible revision of the database directive and a possible clarification of the application of the directive on the protection of trade secrets as a generic framework; looks forward to the results of the public consultation procedure launched by the commission on the european data strategy; ### 15. notes that the commission is considering the desirability of legislation on issues that have an impact on relationships between economic operators whose purpose is to make ethical use of data , including pre-existing content and high quality datasets , one element in which is the evaluation of the ipr framework , including a possible revision of the database directive and a possible clarification of the application of the directive on the protection of trade secrets as a generic framework; highlights the potential of existing copyright , trade secret or database protection regarding data , provided the necessary criteria is met and without prejudice to possible future legislative action improving legal certainty for creators , businesses and citizens alike; looks forward to the results of the public consultation procedure launched by the commission on the european data strategy and proposes that the union’s regulatory focus should be on facilitating access to data and data sharing;


### 15. notes that the commission is considering the desirability of legislation on issues that have an impact on relationships between economic operators whose purpose is to make use of data , one element in which is the evaluation of the ipr framework , including a possible revision of the database directive and a possible clarification of the application of the directive on the protection of trade secrets as a generic framework; looks forward to the results of the public consultation procedure launched by the commission on the european data strategy; ### 15. welcomes the fact that the commission is considering a possible revision of the database directive and a possible clarification of the application of the directive on the protection of trade secrets as a generic framework; looks forward to the results of the public consultation procedure launched by the commission on the european data strategy;


### a. whereas the european legal framework for intellectual property aims to promote innovation , creativity and access to knowledge and information; ### a. whereas the european legal framework for intellectual property aims to promote and protect innovation , creativity and access to knowledge and information;


### d. whereas the aim of making the european union the world leader in ai technologies must include efforts to safeguard the union’s digital and industrial sovereignty; ### d. whereas the aim of making the european union the world leader in ai technologies must include efforts to safeguard the union’s digital and industrial sovereignty , as well as cultural diversity;


### e. whereas a human-centred approach to ai is needed if the technology is to remain a tool that serves people and the common good; ### e. whereas a human-centred approach to ai in compliance with the ethical principles and human rights , is needed if the technology is to remain a tool that serves people and the common good;


### l. whereas ai technologies are heavily dependent on data , a blanket term for information falling into a range of categories that requires protection and tailoredgovernance; whereas increased access to certain data and databases in the european union will play a crucial role in advancing the development of european ai; ### l. whereas ai technologies are heavily dependent on data , a blanket term for information falling into a range of categories that requires protection and tailored governance; whereas increased access to certain data and databases in the european union will play a crucial role in advancing the development of european ai; whereas specific rules regarding governance and transparency of data used in developing , deploying , training and using of ai technologies is needed to increase the quality of data throughout the entire lifecycle of an ai-enabled system;


### l. whereas ai technologies are heavily dependent on data , a blanket term for information falling into a range of categories that requires protection and tailoredgovernance; whereas increased access to certain data and databases in the european union will play a crucial role in advancing the development of european ai; ### l. whereas ai technologies are heavily dependent on pre-existing content and data , a blanket term for information falling into a range of categories that is suitable for communication , interpretation or processing and requires protection and tailored governance , namely in terms of data management; whereas increased access to certain content , data , metadata and databases in the european union will play a crucial role in advancing the development of european ai;


### l. whereas ai technologies are heavily dependent on data , a blanket term for information falling into a range of categories that requires protection and tailoredgovernance; whereas increased access to certain data and databases in the european union will play a crucial role in advancing the development of european ai; ### l. whereas ai technologies are heavily dependent on large volumes of data; whereas increased access to certain data and databases in the european union as well as interoperability of data , which limits lock-in effects , will play a crucial role in ensuring fair market conditions in the digital single market and advancing the development of european ai;


### 16. stresses the need for the commission to continue to aim at the highest level of protection of intellectual property for european ai developers and the maximum legal certainty for users in international negotiations , in particular as regards the ongoing discussions on ai and the data revolution under the auspices of the world intellectual property organisation (wipo); ### 16. stresses the need for the commission to continue to aim at the highest level of protection of intellectual property for european ai developers and the maximum legal certainty for users in international negotiations , in particular as regards the ongoing discussions on ai and the data revolution under the auspices of the world intellectual property organisation (wipo); encourages the commission to engage in discussions on exemptions and limitations where useful; welcomes the commission’s active engagement in this context , as exemplified by the submission of the union’s views to the wipo public consultation on the wipo draft issues paper on intellectual property and artificial intelligence on 13december 2019;


### 1. sees the great potential offered by the use and development of artificial intelligence as an opportunity for more rapid economic development in the eu; ### 1. underlines that the use of artifical intelligence need to fully respect fundamental rights , freedoms and values , including privacy , the protection of personal data , non-discrimination and the freedom of expression and information , as enshrined in the eu treaties and the charter of fundamental rights of the european union; calls in that regard on the commission to implement an obligation of transparency and explainability of ai applications , penalties to enforce such obligations , the necessity of human intervention , as well as other measures , such as independent audits and specific stress tests to assist and enforce compliance; such independent audits should be conducted annually , in analogy with the financial sector , to examine whether the used ai-applications and checks and balances are in accordance with specified criteria and are supervised by an independent sufficient overseeing authority;


### 1. sees the great potential offered by the use and development of artificial intelligence as an opportunity for more rapid economic development in the eu; ### 1. sees the great potential offered by the use and development of artificial intelligence as an opportunity for more rapid economic development in the eu; stresses however that in order to harness these opportunities the eu should adopt an appropriate legal framework to mitigate the risks , ensure its ethical use , and prevent its use for malicious purposes; such a framework should clearly determine appropriate liability , accountability , security and traceability regimes;


### 1. considers that artificial intelligence can be defined as a set of methods and procedures that enable technical systems to perceive their environment , deal with what is perceived and solve problems independently , take decisions , act and learn from the consequences of such decisions and actions; ### deleted