### (8) in its resolution of 9 june 202149 , the european parliament strongly welcomed the commitment to draw up a legislative proposal with binding nature restoration targets , and furthermore considered that in addition to an overall restoration target , ecosystem- , habitat- and species-specific restoration targets should be included , covering forests , grasslands , wetlands , peatlands , pollinators , free-flowing rivers , coastal areas and marine ecosystems. ### (8) in its resolution of 9 june 202149 , the european parliament strongly welcomed the commitment to draw up a legislative proposal with binding nature restoration targets , and furthermore considered that in addition to an overall restoration target , ecosystem- , habitat- and species-specific restoration targets should be included , covering forests , grasslands , wetlands , peatlands , pollinators , free-flowing rivers , coastal areas and marine ecosystems. furthermore it underlined the importance of taking into account biogeographical regions , adopting a whole-of-government approach to protected areas which involves member states evaluating the need for financial support and compensation measures in the context of the designation of protected areas , while in parallel involving all relevant stakeholders , landowners included.


### (10) the eu biodiversity strategy for 2030 sets out a commitment to legally protect a minimum of 30 % of the land , including inland waters , and 30 % of the sea in the union , of which at least one third should be under strict protection , including all remaining primary and old-growth forests. the criteria and guidance for the designation of additional protected areas by member states51 (the ‘criteria and guidance’) , developed by the commission in cooperation with member states and stakeholders , highlight that if the restored areas comply or are expected to comply , once restoration produces its full effect , with the criteria for protected areas , those restored areas should also contribute towards the union targets on protected areas. the criteria and guidance also highlight that protected areas can provide an important contribution to the restoration targets in the eu biodiversity strategy for 2030 , by creating the conditions for restoration efforts to be successful. this is particularly the case for areas which can recover naturally by stopping or limiting some of the pressures from human activities. placing such areas , including in the marine environment , under strict protection , will , in some cases , be sufficient to lead to the recovery of the natural values they host. moreover , it is emphasised in the criteria and guidance that all member states are expected to contribute towards reaching the union targets on protected areas set out in the eu biodiversity strategy for 2030 , to an extent that is proportionate to the natural values they host and to the potential they have for nature restoration. ### (10) the eu biodiversity strategy for 2030 sets out a commitment to legally protect a minimum of 30 % of the land , including inland waters , and 30 % of the sea in the union , of which at least one third should be under strict protection , including all remaining primary and old-growth forests. the criteria and guidance for the designation of additional protected areas by member states51 (the ‘criteria and guidance’) , developed by the commission in cooperation with member states and stakeholders , highlight that , once restoration produces its full effect , if the restored areas comply or are expected to comply , with the criteria for protected areas , those restored areas should also contribute towards the union targets on protected areas. the criteria and guidance also highlight that protected areas can provide an important contribution to the restoration targets in the eu biodiversity strategy for 2030 , by creating the conditions for restoration efforts to be successful. this is particularly the case for areas which can recover naturally by stopping or limiting some of the pressures from human activities. placing such areas , including in the marine environment , under strict protection , will , in some cases , be sufficient to lead to the recovery of the natural values they host. moreover , it is emphasised in the criteria and guidance that all member states are expected to contribute towards reaching the union targets on protected areas set out in the eu biodiversity strategy for 2030 , to an extent that is proportionate to the natural values they host and to the potential they have for nature restoration , while taking into account the actions already implemented or planned before the entry into force of this regulation.


### (11) the eu biodiversity strategy for 2030 sets out a target to ensure that there is no deterioration in conservation trends or in the status of protected habitats and species and that at least 30 % of species and habitats not currently in favourable status will fall into that category or show a strong positive trend towards falling into that category by 2030. the guidance52 developed by the commission in cooperation with member states and stakeholders to support the achievement of these targets highlights that maintenance and restoration efforts are likely to be required for most of those habitats and species , either by halting their current negative trends by 2030 or by maintaining current stable or improving trends , or by preventing the decline of habitats and species with a favourable conservation status. the guidance further emphasises that those restoration efforts primarily need to be planned , implemented and coordinated at national or regional levels and that , in selecting and prioritising the species and habitats to be improved by 2030 , synergies with other union and international targets , in particular environmental or climate policy targets , are to be sought. ### (11) the eu biodiversity strategy for 2030 sets out a target to ensure that there is no deterioration in conservation trends or in the status of protected habitats and species and that at least 30 % of species and habitats not currently in favourable status will fall into that category or show a strong positive trend towards falling into that category by 2030. the guidance52 developed by the commission in cooperation with member states and stakeholders to support the achievement of these targets highlights that maintenance and restoration efforts are likely to be required for most of those habitats and species , either by halting their current negative trends by 2030 or by maintaining current stable or improving trends , or by preventing the decline of habitats and species with a favourable conservation status. the guidance further emphasises that those restoration efforts primarily need to be planned , implemented and coordinated at national or regional levels , duly consulting affected stakeholders , and that , in selecting and prioritising the species and habitats to be improved by 2030 , synergies with other union and international targets , in particular environmental or climate policy targets , are to be sought.


### (13) it is appropriate to set an overarching objective for ecosystem restoration to foster economic and societal transformation , the creation of high-quality jobs and sustainable growth. biodiverse ecosystems such as wetland , freshwater , forest as well as agricultural , sparsely vegetated , marine , coastal and urban ecosystems deliver , if in good condition , a range of essential ecosystem services , and the benefits of restoring degraded ecosystems to good condition in all land and sea areas far outweigh the costs of restoration. those services contribute to a broad range of socio-economic benefits , depending on the economic , social , cultural , regional and local characteristics. ### (13) it is appropriate to set an overarching objective for ecosystem restoration to foster economic and societal transformation , the creation of high-quality jobs and sustainable growth. biodiverse ecosystems such as wetland , freshwater , forest as well as agricultural , sparsely vegetated , marine , coastal and urban ecosystems deliver , if in good condition , a range of essential ecosystem services , and the benefits of restoring degraded ecosystems to good condition in all land and sea areas can far outweigh the costs of restoration. those services contribute to a broad range of socio-economic benefits , depending on the economic , social , cultural , regional and local characteristics.


### (15) securing biodiverse ecosystems and tackling climate change are intrinsically linked. nature and nature-based solutions , including natural carbon stocks and sinks , are fundamental for fighting the climate crisis. at the same time , the climate crisis is already a driver of terrestrial and marine ecosystem change , and the union must prepare for the increasing intensity , frequency and pervasiveness of its effects. the special report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change (ipcc)55 on the impacts of global warming of 1.5°c pointed out that some impacts may be long-lasting or irreversible. the sixth ipcc assessment report56 states that restoring ecosystems will be fundamental in helping to combat climate change and also in reducing risks to food security. the intergovernmental science-policy platform on biodiversity and ecosystem services (ipbes) in its 2019 global assessment report on biodiversity and ecosystem services57 considered climate change a key driver of change in nature , and it expected its impacts to increase over the coming decades , in some cases surpassing the impact of other drivers of ecosystem change such as changed land and sea use. ### (15) securing biodiverse ecosystems and tackling climate change are intrinsically linked. nature and nature-based solutions , including natural carbon stocks and sinks , are fundamental for fighting the climate crisis. if not restored , these degraded ecosystems will start to emit carbon that has been stored in them. at the same time , the climate crisis is already a driver of terrestrial and marine ecosystem change , and the union must prepare for the increasing intensity , frequency and pervasiveness of its effects. the special report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change (ipcc)55 on the impacts of global warming of 1.5°c pointed out that some impacts may be long-lasting or irreversible. the sixth ipcc assessment report56 states that restoring ecosystems will be fundamental in helping to combat climate change and also in reducing risks to food security. the intergovernmental science-policy platform on biodiversity and ecosystem services (ipbes) in its 2019 global assessment report on biodiversity and ecosystem services57 considered climate change a key driver of change in nature , and it expected its impacts to increase over the coming decades , in some cases surpassing the impact of other drivers of ecosystem change such as changed land and sea use.


### (17) the commission’s communication on adaptation to climate change from 202160 emphasises the need to promote nature-based solutions and recognises that cost-effective adaptation to climate change can be achieved by protecting and restoring wetlands and peatlands as well as coastal and marine ecosystems , by developing urban green spaces and installing green roofs and walls and by promoting and sustainably managing forests and farmland. having a greater number of biodiverse ecosystems leads to a higher resilience to climate change and provides more effective forms of disaster reduction and prevention. ### (17) the commission’s communication on adaptation to climate change from 202160 emphasises the need to promote nature-based solutions and recognises that cost-effective adaptation to climate change can be achieved by protecting and restoring wetlands and peatlands as well as coastal and marine ecosystems , by developing urban green spaces and installing green roofs and walls and by promoting and sustainably managing forests and farmland. at sea and in coastal areas , marine and offshore infrastructures should be designed and deployed in such a way as to have positive environmental , economic and social impacts. offshore infrastructures , such as artificial reefs , can be an important building block for nature-based solutions as they should be characterised by multifunctionality contributing both to nature restoration and economic opportunities. having a greater number of biodiverse ecosystems leads to a higher resilience to climate change and provides more effective forms of disaster reduction and prevention.


### (19) geo-political developments have further underlined the need to safeguard the resilience of food systems.62 evidence shows that restoring agro-ecosystems has positive impacts on food productivity in the long-term , and that the restoration of nature acts as an insurance policy to ensure the eu’s long-term sustainability and resilience. ### (19) geo-political developments have further underlined the need to safeguard the resilience of food systems.62 evidence shows that restoring agro-ecosystems has positive impacts on food productivity in the long-term , and that the restoration of nature acts as an insurance policy to ensure the eu’s long-term sustainability and resilience. securing biodiversity and maintaining food production are intrinsically linked. prime examples of such synergies are the sustainable management of fishing stocks for fisheries and the benefit of soil fertility and pollinators in agriculture. however , those synergies can only be optimised if food producers , such as farmers and fishers , are continuously involved and consulted in relation to the development of relevant measures.


### (24) a framework and guidance67 already exist to determine good condition of habitat types protected under directive 92/43/eec and to determine sufficient quality and quantity of the habitats of species falling within the scope of that directive. restoration targets for those habitat types and habitats of species can be set based on that framework and guidance. however , such restoration will not be enough to reverse biodiversity loss and recover all ecosystems. therefore , additional obligations should be established based on specific indicators in order to enhance biodiversity at the scale of wider ecosystems. ### (24) a framework and guidance67 already exist to determine good condition of habitat types protected under directive 92/43/eec and to determine sufficient quality and quantity of the habitats of species falling within the scope of that directive. therefore , the definition of good condition should be linked with the definition of a favourable conservation status of a natural habitat set out in directive 92/43/eec. restoration targets for those habitat types and habitats of species can be set based on that framework and guidance. however , such restoration will not be enough to reverse biodiversity loss and recover all ecosystems. therefore , additional obligations should be established based on specific indicators in order to enhance biodiversity at the scale of wider ecosystems.


### (26) directive 92/43/eec aims to maintain and restore , at favourable conservation status , natural habitats and species of wild fauna and flora of union interest. however , it does not set a deadline for achieving that goal. similarly , directive 2009/147/ec does not establish a deadline for the recovery of bird populations in the union. ### (26) directive 92/43/eec aims to maintain and restore , at favourable conservation status , natural habitats and species of wild fauna and flora of union interest. however , it does not set a deadline for measures to be taken to reach that goal. similarly , directive 2009/147/ec does not establish a deadline for measures for the recovery of bird populations in the union.


### (29) it is necessary that the restoration measures for habitat types are adequate and suitable to reach good condition and the favourable reference areas as swiftly as possible , with a view to achieving their favourable conservation status. it is important that the restoration measures are those necessary to achieve the time-bound and quantified area-based targets. it is also necessary that the restoration measures for the habitats of the species are adequate and suitable to reach their sufficient quality and quantity as swiftly as possible with a view to achieving the favourable conservation status of the species. ### (29) it is necessary that the restoration measures for habitat types are adequate and suitable to reach good condition and the favourable reference areas as swiftly as possible , with a view to achieving their favourable conservation status. it is important that the restoration measures are those necessary to achieve the time-bound and quantified area-based targets. it is also necessary that the restoration measures for the habitats of the species are adequate and suitable to reach their sufficient quality and quantity as swiftly as possible with a view to achieving the favourable conservation status of the species. when setting those targets member states should also ensure that proper consideration has been given in relation to spatial planning for current and future public interests.


### (36) the eu biodiversity strategy for 2030 emphasises the need for stronger action to restore degraded marine ecosystems , including carbon-rich ecosystems and important fish spawning and nursery areas. the strategy also announces that the commission is to propose a new action plan to conserve fisheries resources and protect marine ecosystems. ### (36) the eu biodiversity strategy for 2030 emphasises the need for stronger action to restore degraded marine ecosystems , including carbon-rich ecosystems and important fish spawning and nursery areas such as coral reefs , mangroves and seagrass beds. the strategy recalls that the five main direct drivers of biodiversity loss are changes in land and sea use , natural resource extraction , climate change , pollution and the invasion of alien species68a. whereas 80 % of marine litter is land-based68b and that only an integrated and coherent approach recognising the link between land and sea will provide a strategic framework for addressing marine pollution and by extension the good condition of marine ecosystems. whereas the ocean is one and should be recognised on international level as a global common in the light of its uniqueness , its interconnectedness and the essential ecosystem services that it provides , on which current and future generations depend for their survival and well-being. the strategy also announces that the commission is to propose a new action plan to conserve fisheries resources and protect marine ecosystems.


### (38) where the protection coastal and marine habitats requires that fishing or aquaculture activities are regulated , the common fisheries policy applies. regulation (eu) no 1380/2013 of the european parliament and of the council68 provides , in particular , that the common fisheries policy is to implement the ecosystem-based approach to fisheries management so as to ensure that negative impacts of fishing activities on the marine ecosystem are minimised. that regulation also provides that that policy is to endeavour to ensure that aquaculture and fisheries activities avoid the degradation of the marine environment. ### (38) where the protection coastal and marine habitats requires that fishing or aquaculture activities are regulated , the common fisheries policy applies. regulation (eu) no 1380/2013 of the european parliament and of the council68 provides , in particular , that the common fisheries policy is to implement the ecosystem-based approach to fisheries management so as to ensure that negative impacts of fishing activities on the marine ecosystem are minimised while at the same time ensuring that the resources are managed in a way that is consistent with the objectives of achieving economic , social and employment benefits , and of contributing to the availability of food supplies. that regulation also provides that that policy is to endeavour to ensure that aquaculture and fisheries activities avoid the degradation of the marine environment.


### (40) directive 2008/56/ec requires member states to cooperate bilaterally and within regional and sub-regional cooperation mechanisms , including through regional sea conventions69 , as well as , where fisheries measures are concerned , in the context of the regional groups established under the common fisheries policy. ### (40) directive 2008/56/ec requires member states to cooperate bilaterally and within regional and sub-regional cooperation mechanisms , including through regional sea conventions69 , as well as , where fisheries measures are concerned , in the context of the regional groups established under the common fisheries policy (cfp). the commission has a special role in facilitating such cooperation and coordination as well as the responsibility to take action if needed in accordance with the rules of the cfp.


### (42) to support the restoration and non-deterioration of terrestrial , freshwater , coastal and marine habitats , member states have the possibility to designate additional areas as ‘protected areas’ or ‘strictly protected areas’ , to implement other effective area-based conservation measures , and to promote private land conservation measures. ### (42) to support the restoration and non-deterioration of terrestrial , freshwater , coastal and marine habitats , member states have the possibility to designate additional areas as ‘protected areas’ or ‘strictly protected areas’ , to implement other effective area-based conservation measures , and to promote private land conservation measures. such designation should always be done using an inclusive process , which ensures proper consultation of all relevant actors concerned.


### (65) the european environment agency (the ‘eea’) should support member states in preparing the national restoration plans , as well as in monitoring progress towards meeting the restoration targets and obligations. the commission should assess whether the national restoration plans are adequate for achieving those targets and obligations. ### (65) the european environment agency (the ‘eea’) and the european fisheries control agency (the 'efca') should support member states in preparing the national restoration plans , as well as in monitoring progress towards meeting the restoration targets and obligations. the commission should assess whether the national restoration plans are adequate for achieving those targets and obligations.


### (69) the commission should report on the progress made by member states towards meeting the restoration targets and obligations of this regulation on the basis of union-wide progress reports drawn up by the eea as well as other analysis and reports made available by member states in relevant policy areas such as nature , marine and water policy. ### (69) the commission should report on the progress made by member states towards meeting the restoration targets and obligations of this regulation on the basis of union-wide progress reports drawn up by the eea as well as other analysis and reports made available by member states in relevant policy areas such as nature , marine and water policy. the commission should also be assisted , where relevant , by the european fisheries control agency (efca).


### (75) in order to ensure the necessary adaptation of this regulation , the power to adopt acts in accordance with article 290 tfeu should be delegated to the commission in respect of amending annexes i to vii to adapt the group of habitats , to update the information on the common farmland bird index , as well as to adapt the list of biodiversity indicators for agricultural ecosystems , the list of biodiversity indicators for forest ecosystems and the list of marine species to the latest scientific evidence and the examples of restoration measures. it is of particular importance that the commission carries out appropriate consultations during its preparatory work , including at expert level , and that those consultations be conducted in accordance with the principles laid down in the interinstitutional agreement of 13 april 2016 on better law-making52. in particular , to ensure equal participation in the preparation of delegated acts , the european parliament and the council receive all documents at the same time as member states’ experts , and their experts systematically have access to meetings of commission expert groups dealing with the preparation of delegated acts. ### (75) in order to ensure the necessary adaptation of this regulation , the power to adopt acts in accordance with article 290 tfeu should be delegated to the commission in respect of amending annexes i to vii to adapt the group of habitats , to update the information on the common farmland bird index , as well as to adapt the list of biodiversity indicators for agricultural ecosystems , the list of biodiversity indicators for forest ecosystems and the list of marine species to the latest scientific evidence and the examples of restoration measures. it is of particular importance that the commission carries out appropriate consultations , with all relevant stakeholders , during its preparatory work , including at expert level , and that those consultations be conducted in accordance with the principles laid down in the interinstitutional agreement of 13 april 2016 on better law-making52. in particular , to ensure equal participation in the preparation of delegated acts , the european parliament and the council receive all documents at the same time as member states’ experts , and their experts systematically have access to meetings of commission expert groups dealing with the preparation of delegated acts.


### (75) in order to ensure the necessary adaptation of this regulation , the power to adopt acts in accordance with article 290 tfeu should be delegated to the commission in respect of amending annexes i to vii to adapt the group of habitats , to update the information on the common farmland bird index , as well as to adapt the list of biodiversity indicators for agricultural ecosystems , the list of biodiversity indicators for forest ecosystems and the list of marine species to the latest scientific evidence and the examples of restoration measures. it is of particular importance that the commission carries out appropriate consultations during its preparatory work , including at expert level , and that those consultations be conducted in accordance with the principles laid down in the interinstitutional agreement of 13 april 2016 on better law-making52. in particular , to ensure equal participation in the preparation of delegated acts , the european parliament and the council receive all documents at the same time as member states’ experts , and their experts systematically have access to meetings of commission expert groups dealing with the preparation of delegated acts. ### deleted


### (76) in order to ensure uniform conditions for the implementation of this regulation , implementing powers should be conferred on the commission in order to specify the method for monitoring pollinators , to specify the methods for monitoring the indicators for agricultural ecosystems listed in annex iv to this regulation and the indicators for forest ecosystems listed in annex vi to this regulation , to develop a framework for setting the satisfactory levels of pollinators , of indicators for agricultural ecosystems listed in annex iv to this regulation and of indicators for forest ecosystems listed in annex vi to this regulation , to set out a uniform format for the national restoration plans , to set out the format , structure and detailed arrangements for reporting data and information electronically to the commission. those powers should be exercised in accordance with regulation (eu) no 182/2011 of the european parliament and the council108. ### (76) in order to ensure uniform conditions for the implementation of this regulation , implementing powers should be conferred on the commission in order to specify the method for monitoring pollinators , to specify the methods for monitoring the indicators for agricultural ecosystems to develop a framework for setting the satisfactory levels of pollinators , of indicators for agricultural ecosystems to set out a uniform format for the national restoration plans , to set out the format , structure and detailed arrangements for reporting data and information electronically to the commission. those powers should be exercised in accordance with regulation (eu) no 182/2011 of the european parliament and the council108.


### achieving the union’s overarching objectives concerning climate change mitigation and climate change adaptation; ### achieving the union’s overarching objectives concerning climate change mitigation , climate change adaptation , energy security and food security , and moving towards a circular bio-economy;


### 2. this regulation establishes a framework within which member states shall put in place , without delay , effective and area-based restoration measures which together shall cover , by 2030 , at least 20 % of the union’s land and sea areas and , by 2050 , all ecosystems in need of restoration. ### 2. this regulation establishes a framework within which member states shall put in place , effective and area-based restoration measures with the aim to jointly cover , by 2030 , at least 20 % of the union’s land and sea areas and , by 2050 , all ecosystems in need of restoration.


### (3) ‘restoration’ means the process of actively or passively assisting the recovery of an ecosystem towards or to good condition , of a habitat type to the highest level of condition attainable and to its favourable reference area , of a habitat of a species to a sufficient quality and quantity , or of species populations to satisfactory levels , as a means of conserving or enhancing biodiversity and ecosystem resilience; ### (3) ‘restoration’ means the process of actively or passively assisting the recovery of an ecosystem by taking measures that contribute towards or to good condition and the favourable reference area of a habitat type , of a habitat of a species to a sufficient quality and quantity , or of species populations to satisfactory levels , as a means of conserving or enhancing biodiversity and ecosystem resilience;


### (4) ‘good condition’ means a state where the key characteristics of an ecosystem , namely its physical , chemical , compositional , structural and functional state , and its landscape and seascape characteristics , reflect the high level of ecological integrity , stability and resilience necessary to ensure its long-term maintenance; ### (4) ‘good condition' means a state of a habitat type where the specific structure and functions which are necessary for its long-term maintenance exist and are likely to continue to exist for the foreseeable future and contributes to achieving a favourable conservation status of a natural habitat as defined in article 1 , point (e) of directive 92/43/eec and contributes to achieving a good environmental status in line with directive 2005/56/ec;


### (5) ‘favourable reference area’ means the total area of a habitat type in a given biogeographical region or marine region at national level that is considered the minimum necessary to ensure the long-term viability of the habitat type and its species , and all its significant ecological variations in its natural range , and which is composed of the area of the habitat type and , if that area is not sufficient , the area necessary for the re-establishment of the habitat type; ### (5) ‘favourable reference area’ means the total area of a habitat type in a given biogeographical region or marine region at national level that is considered the minimum necessary to ensure the long-term viability of the habitat type and its species , and all its significant ecological variations in its natural range , and which is composed of the area of the habitat type taking into account the areas of the same habitat type in neighbouring countries and their state and , if that area is not sufficient , the area necessary for the re-establishment of the habitat type;


### (6) ‘sufficient quality of habitat’ means the quality of a habitat of a species which allows the ecological requirements of a species to be met at any stage of its biological cycle so that it is maintaining itself on a long-term basis as a viable component of its habitat in its natural range; ### (6) ‘sufficient quality of habitat’ means the quality of a habitat of a species which allows the ecological requirements of a species to be met at any stage of its biological cycle so that it is maintaining itself on a long-term basis as a viable component of its habitat in its natural range in line with the definition of favourable conservation status of a species set out in article 1(i) of directive 92/43/eec;


### (7) ‘sufficient quantity of habitat’ means the quantity of a habitat of a species which allows the ecological requirements of a species to be met at any stage of its biological cycle so that it is maintaining itself on a long-term basis as a viable component of its habitat in its natural range; ### (7) ‘sufficient quantity of habitat’ means the quantity of a habitat of a species which allows the ecological requirements of a species to be met at any stage of its biological cycle so that it is maintaining itself on a long-term basis as a viable component of its habitat in its natural range in line with the definition of favourable conservation status of a species set out in article 1(i) of directive 92/43/eec;


### 1. member states shall put in place the restoration measures that are necessary to improve to good condition areas of habitat types listed in annex ii which are not in good condition. such measures shall be in place on at least 30 % of the area of each group of habitat types listed in annex ii that is not in good condition , as quantified in the national restoration plan referred to in article 12 , by 2030 , on at least 60 % by 2040 , and on at least 90 % by 2050. ### 1. member states shall put in place the restoration measures that are necessary to improve to good condition areas of habitat types listed in annex ii which are not in good condition. such measures shall be in place on at least 30 % of the area of each group of habitat types listed in annex ii that is not in good condition , as quantified in the national restoration plan referred to in article 12 , by 2030. this obligation only applies to the total area of the habitat type equal to the favourable reference area.


### 2. member states shall put in place the restoration measures that are necessary to re-establish the habitat types listed in annex ii in areas not covered by those habitat types. such measures shall be in place on areas representing at least 30 % of the additional overall surface needed to reach the total favourable reference area of each group of habitat types , as quantified in the national restoration plan referred to in article 12 , by 2030 , at least 60 % of that surface by 2040 , and 100 % of that surface by 2050. ### 2. member states shall put in place the restoration measures that are necessary to re-establish the habitat types listed in annex ii in areas not covered by those habitat types to reach the total favourable reference area. such measures shall be in place in areas necessary to ensure fulfilment of the goals laid down in paragraph 1 of this article;


### 4. the determination of the most suitable areas for restoration measures in accordance with paragraphs 1 , 2 and 3 shall be based on the best available knowledge and the latest scientific evidence of the condition of the habitat types listed in annex ii , measured by the structure and functions which are necessary for their long-term maintenance , including their typical species , referred to in article 1(e) of directive 92/43/eec , and of the quality and quantity of the habitats of the species referred to in paragraph 3. areas where the habitat types listed in annex ii are in unknown condition shall be considered as not being in good condition. ### 4. the determination of the most suitable areas for restoration measures in accordance with paragraphs 1 , 2 and 3 shall be based on the best available knowledge and the latest scientific evidence of the condition of the habitat types listed in annex ii , measured by the structure and functions which are necessary for their long-term maintenance , including their typical species , referred to in article 1(e) of directive 92/43/eec , and of the quality and quantity of the habitats of the species referred to in paragraph 3. areas where the habitat types listed in annex ii are in unknown condition the member state concerned shall rectify that data gap in accordance with article 11(1) and article 12.2(ba).


### 5. the restoration measures referred to in paragraphs 1 and 2 shall consider the need for improved connectivity between the habitat types listed in annex ii and take into account the ecological requirements of the species referred to in paragraph 3 that occur in those habitat types. ### 5. the restoration measures referred to in paragraphs 1 and 2 shall consider the need for improved connectivity between the habitat types listed in annex ii and take into account the ecological requirements of the species referred to in paragraph 3 that occur in those habitat types. member states shall cooperate and coordinate with neighbouring member states in this regard.


### 6. member states shall ensure that the areas that are subject to restoration measures in accordance with paragraphs 1 , 2 and 3 show a continuous improvement in the condition of the habitat types listed in annex ii until good condition is reached , and a continuous improvement of the quality of the habitats of the species referred to in paragraph 3 until the sufficient quality of those habitats is reached. member states shall ensure that areas in which good condition has been reached and in which the sufficient quality of the habitats of the species has been reached do not deteriorate. ### 6. member states shall ensure that the areas that are subject to restoration measures in accordance with paragraphs 1 , 2 and 3 show improvement in the condition of the habitat types listed in annex ii until good condition is reached , and a improvement of the quality of the habitats of the species referred to in paragraph 3 until the sufficient quality of those habitats is reached.


### (54) restoration and rewetting79 of organic soils80 in agricultural use (i.e. under grassland and cropland use) constituting drained peatlands help achieve significant biodiversity benefits , an important reduction of green-house gas emissions and other environmental benefits , while at the same time contributing to a diverse agricultural landscape. member states can choose from a wide range of restoration measures for drained peatlands in agricultural use spanning from converting cropland to permanent grassland and extensification measures accompanied by reduced drainage , to full rewetting with the opportunity of paludicultural use , or the establishment of peat-forming vegetation. the most significant climate benefits are created by restoring and rewetting cropland followed by the restoration of intensive grassland. to allow for a flexible implementation of the restoration target for drained peatlands under agricultural use member states may count the restoration measures and rewetting of drained peatlands in areas of peat extraction sites as well as , to a certain extent , the restoration and rewetting of drained peatlands under other land uses (for example forest) as contributing to the achievement of the targets for drained peatlands under agricultural use. ### (54) restoration and rewetting79 of organic soils80 in agricultural use (i.e. under grassland and cropland use) constituting drained peatlands help achieve significant biodiversity benefits , an important reduction of green-house gas emissions and other environmental benefits , while at the same time contributing to a diverse agricultural landscape. member states can choose from a wide range of restoration measures for drained peatlands in agricultural use spanning from converting cropland to permanent grassland and extensification measures accompanied by reduced drainage , to full rewetting with the opportunity of paludicultural use , or the establishment of peat-forming vegetation. the most significant climate benefits are created by restoring and rewetting cropland followed by the restoration of intensive grassland. to allow for a flexible implementation of the restoration target for drained peatlands under agricultural use member states may count the restoration measures and rewetting of drained peatlands in areas of peat extraction sites as well as the restoration and rewetting of drained peatlands under other land uses (for example forest) as contributing to the achievement of the targets for drained peatlands under agricultural use.


### (55) in order to reap the full biodiversity benefits , restoration and rewetting of areas of drained peatland should extend beyond the areas of wetlands habitat types listed in annex i of directive 92/43/eec that are to be restored and re-established. data about the extent of organic soils as well as their greenhouse gas emissions and removals are monitored and made available by lulucf sector reporting in national greenhouse gas inventories by member states , submitted to the unfccc. restored and rewetted peatlands can continue to be used productively in alternative ways. for example , paludiculture , the practice of farming on wet peatlands , can include cultivation of various types of reeds , certain forms of timber , blueberry and cranberry cultivation , sphagnum farming , and grazing with water buffaloes. such practices should be based on the principles of sustainable management and aimed at enhancing biodiversity so that they can have a high value both financially and ecologically. paludiculture can also be beneficial to several species which are endangered in the union and can also facilitate the connectivity of wetland areas and of associated species populations in the union. funding for measures to restore and rewet drained peatlands and to compensate possible losses of income can come from a wide range of sources , including expenditure under the union budget and union financing programmes. ### (55) in order to reap the full biodiversity benefits , restoration and rewetting of areas of drained peatland should extend beyond the areas of wetlands habitat types listed in annex i of directive 92/43/eec that are to be restored and re-established. data about the extent of organic soils as well as their greenhouse gas emissions and removals are monitored and made available by lulucf sector reporting in national greenhouse gas inventories by member states , submitted to the unfccc. appropriate management of wetlands is one of the good agricultural and ecological condition (gaec) and restored and rewetted peatlands can continue to be used productively in alternative ways. for example , paludiculture , the practice of farming on wet peatlands which newly constitutes an agricultural activity under the common agricultural policy , can include cultivation of various types of reeds , certain forms of timber , blueberry and cranberry cultivation , sphagnum farming , and grazing with water buffaloes. such practices should be based on the principles of sustainable management and aimed at enhancing biodiversity so that they can have a high value both financially and ecologically. paludiculture can also be beneficial to several species which are endangered in the union and can also facilitate the connectivity of wetland areas and of associated species populations in the union. funding for measures to restore and rewet drained peatlands and to compensate possible losses of income can come from a wide range of sources , including expenditure under the union budget and union financing programmes.


### (57) restoration measures need to be put in place to enhance the biodiversity of forest ecosystems across the union , including in the areas not covered by habitat types falling within the scope of directive 92/43/eec. in the absence of a common method for assessing the condition of forest ecosystems that would allow for the setting of specific restoration targets for forest ecosystems , it is appropriate to set a general obligation to improve biodiversity in forest ecosystems and measure the fulfilment of that obligation on the basis of existing indicators , such as standing and lying deadwood , the share of forests with uneven-aged structure , forest connectivity , the common forest bird index82 , and the stock of organic carbon. ### (57) restoration measures need to be put in place to enhance the biodiversity of forest ecosystems across the union , including in the areas not covered by habitat types falling within the scope of directive 92/43/eec. in the absence of a common method for assessing the condition of forest ecosystems that would allow for the setting of specific restoration targets for forest ecosystems , it is appropriate to set a general obligation to improve biodiversity , the natural processes , the ecological integrity and the resilience of forest ecosystems and measure the fulfilment of that obligation on the basis of existing indicators , such as standing and lying deadwood , the share of forests with uneven-aged structure , forest connectivity , the common forest bird index82 , the stock of organic carbon and the native tree species composition. given the increasing vulnerability of forests to the impacts of climate change , in particular the increasing prevalence of forest fires , member states should take into account the risk of forest fires when deciding on and putting in place the necessary measures to comply with the given indicators. to this end , member states should also include relevant provisions in their national disaster prevention strategies.


### (57) restoration measures need to be put in place to enhance the biodiversity of forest ecosystems across the union , including in the areas not covered by habitat types falling within the scope of directive 92/43/eec. in the absence of a common method for assessing the condition of forest ecosystems that would allow for the setting of specific restoration targets for forest ecosystems , it is appropriate to set a general obligation to improve biodiversity in forest ecosystems and measure the fulfilment of that obligation on the basis of existing indicators , such as standing and lying deadwood , the share of forests with uneven-aged structure , forest connectivity , the common forest bird index82 , and the stock of organic carbon. ### (57) restoration measures need to be put in place to enhance the biodiversity of forest ecosystems across the union , including in the areas not covered by habitat types falling within the scope of directive 92/43/eec. restoration efforts should to a maximum possible extent support natural regeneration , also , inter alia , by respecting early and late seral stages , as these are characterized by the highest levels of biodiversity , which correlates with high amount of dead wood as crucial habitat and substrate for number of specialized species. until a common method for assessing the condition of forest ecosystems that would allow for the setting of specific restoration targets for forest ecosystems , it is appropriate to set a general obligation to improve biodiversity in forest ecosystems and measure the fulfilment of that obligation on the basis of existing indicators , such as standing and lying deadwood , the share of forests with uneven-aged structure , forest connectivity , veteran trees , the common forest bird index82 , and the stock of organic carbon.


### (57) restoration measures need to be put in place to enhance the biodiversity of forest ecosystems across the union , including in the areas not covered by habitat types falling within the scope of directive 92/43/eec. in the absence of a common method for assessing the condition of forest ecosystems that would allow for the setting of specific restoration targets for forest ecosystems , it is appropriate to set a general obligation to improve biodiversity in forest ecosystems and measure the fulfilment of that obligation on the basis of existing indicators , such as standing and lying deadwood , the share of forests with uneven-aged structure , forest connectivity , the common forest bird index82 , and the stock of organic carbon. ### (57) restoration measures need to be put in place to enhance the biodiversity of forest ecosystems across the union , including in the areas not covered by habitat types falling within the scope of directive 92/43/eec. in the absence of a common method for assessing the condition of forest ecosystems , it is appropriate that member states select at least six forest ecosystem indicators from the list developed by forest europe , state of europe's forest's 2020 , criterion 1 - 5.


### 2. member states shall remove the barriers to longitudinal and lateral connectivity of surface waters identified under paragraph 1 of this article , in accordance with the plan for their removal referred to in article 12(2) , point (f). when removing barriers , member states shall primarily address obsolete barriers , which are those that are no longer needed for renewable energy generation , inland navigation , water supply or other uses. ### 2. member states shall remove the barriers to longitudinal and lateral connectivity of surface waters based on the inventory under paragraph 1 of this article , in accordance with the plan for their removal referred to in article 12(2) , point (f). when removing barriers , member states shall primarily address obsolete barriers , which are those that are no longer needed for renewable energy generation , inland navigation , water supply , flood protection or other uses. if it turns out that the removal of some barriers identified under paragraph 1 is not possible due to socio-economic , legal or technical factors that could not be anticipated , member states shall provide justification during the reporting in accordance with article 18(2) , and implement mitigation measures on the barriers that cannot be removed.


### 2. member states shall remove the barriers to longitudinal and lateral connectivity of surface waters identified under paragraph 1 of this article , in accordance with the plan for their removal referred to in article 12(2) , point (f). when removing barriers , member states shall primarily address obsolete barriers , which are those that are no longer needed for renewable energy generation , inland navigation , water supply or other uses. ### 2. member states shall remove or when relevant apply alternative methods with the same effect the barriers to longitudinal and lateral connectivity of surface waters identified under paragraph 1 of this article , in accordance with the plan for their removal referred to in article 12(2) , point (f). when removing barriers , member states shall address obsolete barriers , which are those that are no longer needed for renewable energy generation or of importance for fulfilling the national energy and climate plans and securing the energy system of a member state , inland navigation , food production , water supply or other uses.


### 1. member states shall reverse the decline of pollinator populations by 2030 and achieve thereafter an increasing trend of pollinator populations , measured every three years after 2030 , until satisfactory levels are achieved , as set out in accordance with article 11(3). ### 1. member states shall put in place measures aiming at reversing the decline of pollinator populations by 2030 and achieve thereafter an increasing trend of pollinator populations , measured every three years after 2030 , until satisfactory levels are achieved , as set out in accordance with article 11(3).


### 1. member states shall put in place the restoration measures necessary to enhance biodiversity in agricultural ecosystems , in addition to the areas that are subject to restoration measures under article 4(1) , (2) and (3). ### 1. member states shall , with regard to taking into account social and economic considerations , put in place restoration measures appropriate and reasonable to enhance biodiversity in agricultural ecosystems , in addition to the areas that are subject to restoration measures under article 4(1) , (2) and (3) , while taking into account climate change and ensuring economically viable agricultural production.


### 1. member states shall put in place the restoration measures necessary to enhance biodiversity in agricultural ecosystems , in addition to the areas that are subject to restoration measures under article 4(1) , (2) and (3). ### 1. member states shall put in place the restoration measures necessary to enhance biodiversity in agricultural ecosystems , in coherence with the objectives and provisions of the common agriculture policy , and , in particular , the regulation eu 2021/2115 on strategic plans , in addition to the areas that are subject to restoration measures under article 4(1) , (2) and (3).


### (73) pursuant to regulation (eu) 2021/2115 of the european parliament and of the council106 , cap strategic plans are meant to contribute to the achievement of , and be consistent with , the long-term national targets set out in , or deriving from , the legislative acts listed in annex xiii to that regulation. this regulation on nature restoration should be taken into account when , in accordance with article 159 of regulation (eu) 2021/2115 , the commission reviews , by 31 december 2025 , the list set out in annex xiii to that regulation. ### (73) pursuant to regulation (eu) 2021/2115 of the european parliament and of the council106 , cap strategic plans are meant to contribute to the achievement of , and be consistent with , the long-term national targets set out in , or deriving from , the legislative acts listed in annex xiii to that regulation.


### a. whereas given that the european parliament has already expressed its views on several specific features of the cfp , it is appropriate to mainly focus hereafter on the conservation of marine biological resources and the management of fisheries under the cfp; ### a. whereas given that the european parliament has already expressed its views on several specific features of the cfp , this report simply provides some additional information and an overall assessment of the functioning of the cfp , focusing in particular on the conservation of living marine resources and the management of fisheries under the cfp;


### 1. calls on the commission to recognise , in the european protein strategy , the strategic role of the fisheries and aquaculture sectors as suppliers of marine-derived protein of the highest quality with one of the lowest carbon footprints; ### 1. calls on the commission to ensure that the upcoming european protein strategy recognises the strategic role of the fisheries and aquaculture sectors as suppliers of aquatic protein of the highest quality with one of the lowest carbon footprints;


### 4. the data contained in the national register of infringements shall be stored only for as long as necessary for the purpose of this regulation , but always for a minimum of five calendar years , starting from the year following that in which the information is recorded. ### 4. the data contained in the national and european registers of infringements shall be stored only for as long as necessary for the purpose of this regulation , but always for a minimum of five calendar years , starting from the year following that in which the information is recorded.


### in the case of an overfishing of a quota , allocation or share of a stock or a group of stocks available to a member state in a given year , the commission shall , by means of implementing acts , operate deductions in the following year or years from the annual quota , allocation or share of the member state which has overfished by applying a multiplying factor according to the following table:" ### in the case of exceeding a quota , allocation or share of a stock or a group of stocks available to a member state in a given year , the commission shall , by means of implementing acts , operate deductions in the following year or years from the annual quota , allocation or share of the member state which has overfished by


### data from close circuit television systems on board of fishing vessels and other electronic monitoring of the landing obligation in accordance with article 25a." ### data from electronic devices for monitoring the landing obligation."


### 3. by way of derogation from paragraph 2 , quantities of fishery products totalling less than 30kg of fishery products of several species and coming from the same relevant geographical area and of the same presentation , per vessel and per day , may be put into the same lot by the operator of the fishing vessel , the producer organisation of which the operator of the fishing vessel is a member or by a registered buyer , prior to the placing on the market. ### 3. by way of derogation from paragraph 2 , quantities of fishery products totalling less than 30kg per species and coming from the same relevant geographical area and of the same presentation , per vessel and per day , may be put into the same lot by the operator of the fishing vessel , the producer organisation of which the operator of the fishing vessel is a member or by a registered buyer , prior to the placing on the market totalling less than 30kg of fishery products of several species or per species and coming from the same relevant geographical area and of the same presentation , per vessel and per day , may be put into the same lot by the operator of the fishing vessel , the producer organisation of which the operator of the fishing vessel is a member or by a registered buyer , prior to the placing on the market.


### 3. by way of derogation from paragraph 2 , quantities of fishery products totalling less than 30kg of fishery products of several species and coming from the same relevant geographical area and of the same presentation , per vessel and per day , may be put into the same lot by the operator of the fishing vessel , the producer organisation of which the operator of the fishing vessel is a member or by a registered buyer , prior to the placing on the market. ### 3. by way of derogation from paragraph 2 , quantities of fishery products totalling less than 30kg of fishery products of several species and coming from the same relevant geographical area and of the same presentation , per vessel and per day , may be put into the same lot by the operator of the fishing vessel , the producer organisation of which the operator of the fishing vessel is a member , by the fisheries auction or by the registered buyer , prior to the placing on the market.


### 3. by way of derogation from paragraph 2 , quantities of fishery products totalling less than 30kg of fishery products of several species and coming from the same relevant geographical area and of the same presentation , per vessel and per day , may be put into the same lot by the operator of the fishing vessel , the producer organisation of which the operator of the fishing vessel is a member or by a registered buyer , prior to the placing on the market. ### 3. by way of derogation from paragraph 2 , quantities of fishery products totalling less than 50kg of fishery products of several species and coming from the same relevant geographical area and of the same presentation , per vessel and per day , may be put into the same lot by the operator of the fishing vessel , the producer organisation of which the operator of the fishing vessel is a member or by a registered buyer , prior to the placing on the market.


### 6. this article shall only apply to fishery and aquaculture products falling under chapter 3 and under headings 1604 and 1605 of chapter 16 of the combined nomenclature established by council regulation (eec) no 2658/87*. ### 6. this article shall only apply to fishery and aquaculture products falling under chapter 3 of the combined nomenclature established by council regulation (eec) no 2658/87*.


### 1. without prejudice to traceability requirements set out in regulation (ec) no 178/2002 , lots of fishery or aquaculture products shall be traceable at all stages of production , processing and distribution , from catching or harvesting to retail stage , including fisheries and aquaculture products which are destined for export. ### 1. without prejudice to traceability requirements set out in regulation (ec) no178/2002 , lots of fishery or aquaculture products shall be traceable at all stages of production , processing and distribution , from landing to retail stage , including fisheries and aquaculture products which are destined for export.


### the date of catches for fishery products or date of harvest for aquaculture products , and the date of production where applicable; ### the date of unloading or catches for fishery products or date of harvest for aquaculture products , and the date of production where applicable;


### the date of catches for fishery products or date of harvest for aquaculture products , and the date of production where applicable; ### the date of catches for fishery products or date of harvest for aquaculture products , or the date of production where applicable;


### the relevant geographical area(s) for fishery products caught at sea , or the catch or production area as defined in article 38(1) of regulation (eu) no 1379/2013 for fishery products caught in freshwater and aquaculture products; ### the relevant geographical area(s) for fishery products caught at sea , conveyed by the area/sub-area/fao statistics division in which the catch was taken and records of whether the catch was taken in high seas , in the rfmos’ regulatory area or in an eez , or the catch or production area as defined in article 38(1) of regulation (eu) no 1379/2013 for fishery products caught in freshwater and aquaculture products;


### 7. member states may exempt from the requirements set out in this article small quantities of products sold directly from fishing vessels to consumers , provided that these do not exceed 5kg of fishery product per consumer per day. ### 7. member states may exempt from the requirements set out in this article small quantities of products sold directly by the master or their delegate to consumers , provided that these do not exceed 30kg of fishery product per consumer per day.


### 9. this article shall only apply to fishery and aquaculture products falling under chapter 3 and under headings 1604 and 1605 of chapter 16 of the combined nomenclature established by council regulation (eec) no 2658/87*. ### 9. this article shall only apply to fishery and aquaculture products falling under chapter 3 of the combined nomenclature established by council regulation (eec) no 2658/87*.


### 3. consumers acquiring up to an amount of 5 kg of fishery product per day which are not thereafter placed on the market but used only for private consumption shall be exempted from this article. ### 3. consumers acquiring up to an amount of 30 kg of fishery product per day which are not thereafter placed on the market but used only for private consumption shall be exempted from this article.


### (1) the common fisheries policy has been reformed by regulation (eu) no 1380/2013 of the european parliament and council28. the objectives of the common fisheries policy and the requirements for fisheries control and enforcement are set out in articles 2 and 36 of that regulation. its successful implementation depends on the effective and up-to-date control and enforcement system. ### (1) the objectives of the common fisheries policy , as set out in regulation (eu) no 1380/201328 on the common fisheries policy , are to ensure that fishing and aquaculture activities are environmentally sustainable in the long-term and are managed in a way that is consistent with the objectives of achieving economic , social and employment benefits , and of contributing to the availability of food supplies , whilst paying full regard to animal welfare , in accordance with article 13 of the treaty on the functioning of the european union (tfeu) , and , where relevant , food and feed safety and animal health.


### (10) a definition of 'fishing vessel' is provided in regulation (eu) no 1380/2013 and includes vessels equipped for commercial exploitation of marine biological resources such as catching vessels , support vessels , fish processing vessels , vessels engaged in transhipment and carrier vessels equipped for the transportation of fisheries products , with the exception of container vessels. the definition 'fishing vessel' in regulation (ec) no 1224/2009 should therefore be deleted. ### (10) a definition of 'fishing vessel' is provided in regulation (eu) no 1380/2013 and includes vessels equipped for commercial exploitation of marine biological resources. the definition 'fishing vessel' in regulation (ec) no 1224/2009 should therefore be deleted.


### (11) according to ices advice published on 29 may 2019 , approximately 70% of the cod landings in subdivisions 24-28 were taken by trawlers with a bacoma with a 120 mm escape window or t90 , and 15% of the cod landings were taken by gillnetters with mesh sizes between 110 mm and 156 mm. these métiers are generally considered to target cod and the minimum mesh sizes for them are set out in regulation (eu) 2019/1241 of the european parliament and of the council.7 the other métiers in the top 15 in terms of the amount of cod landings each contributed less than 5% to the total cod landings. it is important to ensure that the capacity levels of fleets fishing for eastern baltic cod do not increase and permanent cessation with public funds delivers an effective reduction of fleet capacity. the member state capacity level of these two fleet segments should be capped at levels of active vessels in the most recent years before the application of emergency measures , i.e. 2017 and 2018 , and should be reduced when vessels are withdrawn with public aid , with the aim of rebuilding the stock of eastern baltic cod. ### (11) it is important to ensure that the capacity levels of fleets fishing for baltic cod do not increase and permanent cessation with public funds delivers an effective reduction of fleet capacity. the member state capacity level of the fleet segments concerned should be reduced to below the levels of active vessels in two of the five years before the application of emergency measures , i.e. the years 2014-2018 , and should be reduced when vessels are withdrawn with public aid , with the aim of rebuilding the stocks of baltic cod.


### e. whereas fishing at maximum economic yield (mey) refers to the level of capture at which social , environmental and economic benefits for society are maximised , which improves the resilience of the sector; ### e. whereas fishing at maximum economic yield (mey) refers to the level of capture at which economic benefits for fleets are maximised , which improves the resilience of the sector , and at which stocks are maintained above msy;


### 4. calls on the commission to continue to support plans to improve selectivity and to take into account the results of studies showing the detrimental impacts of fishing techniques such as bottom-contacting gear or fish aggregating devices (fads) by strongly limiting their use; ### 4. calls on the commission to continue to support plans to improve selectivity and , with a view to implementing an ecosystem approach to fisheries management , to establish which practices are harmful to stocks , ocean biodiversity and marine environments and to introduce measures to limit and change them;


### 4. calls on the commission to continue to support plans to improve selectivity and to take into account the results of studies showing the detrimental impacts of fishing techniques such as bottom-contacting gear or fish aggregating devices (fads) by strongly limiting their use; ### 4. calls on the commission to continue to support plans to improve selectivity and survival of non-target species , and to take into account the results of studies showing the detrimental impacts of fishing techniques such as bottom-contacting gear or fish aggregating devices (fads) by strongly limiting their use;


### 5. considers that the eu should go beyond current fisheries management practices and promote a transition towards low-impact fisheries in order to rebuild fish stocks and restore marine ecosystems; ### 5. considers that the eu , following the assessment of the cfp by 2022 , should go beyond current fisheries management practices and promote a transition towards low-impact fisheries in order to rebuild fish stocks and restore marine ecosystems in consultation with stakeholders , particularly the fisheries sector;


### 6. considers that msy should not be the only indicator relating to eu fisheries management and that maximum economic yield (mey) should also be used; ### deleted


### 7. calls on the commission to progressively seek scientific advice on mey , starting with the most important stocks; ### 7. calls on the commission to look into whether indicators other than msy could be used in fisheries management by carrying out , for example , test phases on some stocks in consultation with the fisheries sector; calls , in this regard , on the commission to look at mey and mixed fisheries indicators;


### — having regard to the united nations 2030 agenda for sustainable development and its sustainable development goals (sdgs) , ### — having regard to the united nations 2030 agenda for sustainable development and to the sustainable development goals (sdgs) , and in particular sustainable development goal 14 , ‘conserve and sustainably use the oceans , seas and marine resources for sustainable development’ ,


### a. whereas the marine waste visible on beaches and on the surface of open bodies of water represents only a fraction of a much further reaching pollution phenomenon; whereas this waste stems from activities on land but also at sea , and ranges from nanoplastics to containers lost at sea; ### a. whereas the marine waste visible on beaches , along coastlines , in coastal areas and on the surface of open bodies of water represents only a fraction of a much further reaching pollution phenomenon both in the water column and on sea beds; whereas the cumulative mass of waste floating on the surface accounts for only 1% of plastic in the ocean; whereas the latest scientific research takes the view that the level of plastic pollution in the ocean has been largely underestimated and whereas there are still major gaps in oceanographic knowledge; whereas research into the spread of marine waste in the ocean is vital in order to better understand the extent of marine pollution;


### 7. considers that the role of the agency in promoting the creation of the european border and coast guard should in no way undermine the agency’s core activity as the union body responsible for organising operational coordination of fisheries control activities; therefore stresses the need to provide the agency with adequate financial and human resources commensurate with its growing tasks; ### 7. considers that the role of the agency in promoting the creation of the european border and coast guard should in no way undermine the agency’s core activity as the union body responsible for organising operational coordination of fisheries control activities; therefore stresses the need to provide the agency with adequate financial and human resources commensurate with its growing tasks , enabling it to increase the number of inspections it undertakes and to acquire a second vessel to facilitate this task.


### — having regard to the commission communication of 20 may 2020 entitled ‘eu biodiversity strategy for 2030: bringing nature back into our lives’ (com(2020)0380) , ### — having regard to the commission communication of 20 may 2020 entitled ‘eu biodiversity strategy for 2030: bringing nature back into our lives’ (com(2020)0380) and the european parliament resolution of 9th of june 2021 on this communication ,


### — having regard to regulation (eu) no 1380/2013 of the european parliament and of the council of 11 december 2013 on the common fisheries policy [cfp] , amending council regulations (ec) no 1954/2003 and (ec) no 1224/2009 and repealing council regulations (ec) no 2371/2002 and (ec) no 639/2004 and council decision 2004/585/ec2 , ### deleted


### b. whereas regulation (eu) no 1380/2013 of the european parliament and of the council of 11 december 2013 on the common fisheries policy , states in recital 14 that ‘it is important for the management of the cfp to be guided by principles of good governance’. those principles include decision-making based on best available scientific advice , broad stakeholder involvement and a long-term perspective’1 ; ### b. whereas regulation (eu) no 1380/2013 of the european parliament and of the council of 11 december 2013 on the common fisheries policy , states in recital 14 that ‘it is important for the management of the cfp to be guided by principles of good governance’. those principles are further elaborated in the regulation and especially in article 3 highlighting decision-making based on best available scientific advice , especially pointing out the roles of advisory council broad stakeholder involvement and a long-term perspective’1 ;


### c. whereas the european green pact and the 2030 biodiversity strategy include specific commitments and actions , among which is the establishment of a wider network of protected areas on land and at sea across the eu , with the expansion of natura 2000 areas , and that the proposed eu nature restoration act proposes to apply legally binding targets for nature restoration to all member states for at least 20% of the eu’s land and marine areas by 2030 , ultimately covering all ecosystems in need of restoration by 2050; ### c. whereas the european green deal and the 2030 biodiversity strategy include specific commitments and actions , among which is the establishment of a wider network of protected areas on land and at sea across the eu , with the expansion of natura 2000 areas , and that the proposed eu nature restoration act proposes to apply legally binding targets for nature restoration to all member states for at least 20% of the eu’s land and marine areas by 2030 , ultimately covering all ecosystems in need of restoration by 2050;


### d. whereas there are numerous cases of successful implementation of fisheries co-management within member states , including in spain (galicia , catalonia and andalusia) , portugal (algarve and peniche-nazé) , sweden (kosterhavets)2 , the netherlands3 , italy (torre guaceto) and croatia (telašćica and lastovo)4 ; ### d. whereas there are numerous cases of successful implementation of fisheries co-management within member states , including in spain (galicia , catalonia and andalusia) , portugal (algarve and peniche-nazé) , sweden (kosterhavets)2 , the netherlands3 , italy (torre guaceto) , france (île de sein) , france (cogeco project) and croatia (telašćica and lastovo)4 ;


### f. whereas , to date , there is no legislation at european level governing the implementation of co-management mechanisms , even if in many of its member states this system is being used to manage some of their fisheries , applying rules that fit in perfectly with the current common fisheries policy; ### f. whereas , to date , there are few tools at european level facilitating the implementation of co-management mechanisms , even if in many of its member states this system is being used to manage some of their fisheries , applying rules that fit in perfectly with the current common fisheries policy;


### g. whereas traditional management has not had the desired effects on improving stocks and maintaining employment; ### g. whereas traditional management has had diverging success rates in the union in relation to improving stocks and maintaining employment;


### 1. draws attention to the fact that fisheries co-management systems embrace the sharing criteria of the common fisheries policy , integrating collective knowledge and encompassing any actor benefiting from a collective resource , contributing to the achievement of the objectives set out in article 2 of regulation (eu) no 1380/2013; ### 1. draws attention to the fact that fisheries co-management systems both embraces the sharing criteria of the common fisheries policy (cfp) ,integrating collective knowledge and encompassing any actor benefiting from a collective resource and the management principles of the cfp , contributing to the achievement of the objectives set out in article 2 and 3 of regulation(eu) no 1380/2013


### 2. considers that in all cases of co-management there is a clear improvement in the sustainability of resources at environmental level , maintaining the economic and social benefits of the activity , as social and economic actors are directly involved in decision-making in co-management; notes that such co-governance systems have been found to be more resilient to shocks such as covid and to reduce conflicts and improve fluidity in decision-making on fisheries management , fostering democratisation , transparency , trust and compliance with regulations; ### 2. considers that in most of the cases of co-management there is a clear improvement in the sustainability of resources at environmental level , maintaining the economic and social benefits of the activity , as social and economic actors are directly involved in decision-making in co-management; notes that such co-governance systems have been found to be more resilient to shocks such as covid and to reduce conflicts and improve fluidity in decision-making on fisheries management , fostering democratisation , transparency , trust and compliance with regulations;


### 3. points out that co-management has been proven to favour consensual decision-making between the administration , the sector and research bodies , which always act in accordance with the principles of the common fisheries policy and other relevant regulations , applying the precautionary approach in all cases to ensure that resources are exploited in a manner that is fully sustainable on the basis of the maximum sustainable yield of the target species; ### 3. points out that co-management has been proven to favour consensual decision-making between the administration , the sector and research bodies , which always act in accordance with the principles of the common fisheries policy and other relevant regulations , applying the precautionary approach in all cases to ensure that resources are exploited in a manner that is fully sustainable on the basis of the maximum sustainable yield of the target species; underlines that this type of management and decision making has been an important factor for deploying successful conservation measures , such as mpas and oecms among others;


### 4. emphasises the fact that co-management systems function at the level of fisheries , taking into account the environment in which they operate , thus applying a holistic approach; ### 4. emphasises the fact that co-management systems can function at different levels of government , as well as in cross border situations and covering different geographical areas ,taking into account the environment in which they operate , thus applying a holistic approach; notes in this regard that co-management arrangements also could provide mechanisms for quota-swap arrangements;


### 5. stresses that , as research bodies are directly involved in co-management systems , improved scientific data collection is ensured; it should be noted that this system makes it possible to generate data and knowledge that cannot otherwise be obtained given the close relationship between all the parties involved (administration , industry and researchers – the so-called triple helix) , thus developing the capacity of all of them to use this information to generate rapid and effective responses to any issues that may affect fisheries; ### 5. stresses that , as research bodies are directly involved in co-management systems , improved scientific data collection is ensured; it should be noted that this system makes it possible to generate data and knowledge that cannot otherwise be obtained given the close relationship between all the parties involved (administration , industry and researchers – the so-called triple helix) , thus developing the capacity of all of them to use this information to generate rapid and effective responses to any issues that may affect fisheries; notes in this regard the importance that eu-funds can play in financing research and data gathering and that member states have to ensure inclusion of funding possibilities in their national implementation of eu-funds;


### 7. emphasises the fact that co-management contributes to the elimination of iuu fishing practices , as industry and administrations are involved and it is easier to identify malpractices and to combat them; ### 7. emphasises the fact that co-management contributes to the elimination of iuu fishing practices , as industry and administrations are involved and it is easier to identify malpractices and to combat them; including having appropriate and effective control measures and practices in place;


### 8. stresses that the lack of specific community legislation for the implementation of fisheries co-management systems hinders their use in the management of fisheries in the member states , as this depends solely and exclusively on the specific commitment of the competent authorities; ### 8. stresses that the lack of specific eu mechanisms for facilitating implementation of fisheries co-management systems has been highlighted as a hinder for some member states to use this way of management of fisheries , as this depends solely and exclusively on the specific commitment of the competent authorities; highlights the importance of exchange of best practices between member states and involved stakeholders as an important step to expand the use of co-management systems;


### 9. stresses that this lack of community legislation makes it difficult to implement models legally , despite the interest that the sector and administrations may show in applying them in a given area , and that opportunities are missed to implement co-management projects in more areas; ### 9. stresses the lack of proper tools such as fora for exchange on and develop of co-management models and regulatory measures facilitating its implementation makes it more difficult to implement the proper models in different member states , despite the interest that the sector and administrations may show in applying them in a given area , and that opportunities are missed to implement co-management projects in more areas;


### 10. asks the commission for a regulatory framework on fisheries co-management , which is directly applicable in the member states; ### 10. asks the commission to assess how co-management in fisheries could be encouraged and facilitated , including through regulatory initiatives , building on already existing successful examples in member states and 3rd countries;


### 11. stresses that there is , moreover , a need in the current co-management systems for concrete legislative measures to pave the way for the setting up of co-management committees and to speed up the process of implementing measures , as the legislative framework is currently unclear in most regions , which means that the requisite timeframe for their creation and implementation is in the long term , whereas solutions are needed in the short to medium term; ### 11. stresses that there is , moreover , a need in order to ensure better co-management systems to have clear legislative measures facilitating all the specific aspects for well functioning co-management , such as the setting up of co-management committees and to speed up the process of implementing measures , as concerns that the legislative framework in some regions is not currently sufficiently clear , which means that the requisite timeframe for their creation and implementation is in the long term , whereas solutions are needed in the short to medium term;


### 12. points out that , in the absence of a clear legal framework , successful co-management of fisheries projects is difficult as it involves medium- and long-term processes and a committed leadership , which is why european support for this system is essential; ### 12. points out that the absence of clear long term tools and frameworks might jeopardize successful co-management of fisheries projects , as it involves medium- and long-term processes and a committed leadership , which is why european support for this system is essential;


### 13. draws attention to the fact that there is no unified assessment of the cases where co-management has been implemented in the eu and in the world , which identifies the main drivers of this system; calls on the commission to assess the examples of fisheries co-management in the above countries and to support their progressive implementation in other fisheries and in the regional fisheries bodies in which it participates; ### 13. draws attention to the fact that there is no unified assessment of the cases where co-management has been implemented in the eu and in the world , which identifies the main drivers of this system; calls on the commission to assess the examples of fisheries co-management in the union in order to identify best practices , especially on how to effectively involve stakeholders concerned in the decision making process , in order to support progressive implementation of this management method in other areas;


### 14. calls on the commission to promote , within the european maritime , fisheries and aquaculture fund (emff) , a commitment to co-management models for fisheries with adequate funding; ### 14. calls on the commission and the member states to promote , within the european maritime , fisheries and aquaculture fund (emfaf) , a commitment to co-management models for fisheries with adequate funding , using among others , elements such as community-led local development , fisheries local action group and calls for tenders to finance projects for research and data gathering;


### fisheries co-management – inclusion in the new common fisheries policy ### fisheries co-management – inclusion in the future revision of common fisheries policy


### 15. advocates that the new cfp incorporate co-management , which is defined by the fao (food and agriculture organisation of the united nations) as the resource management process in which the government shares its authority with users , each party being given specific responsibilities and rights with regard to information and decision-making; ### 15. advocates to ensure that co-management is properly included , in future revisions of the cfp , as defined by the fao (food and agriculture organisation of the united nations) as the resource management process in which the government shares its authority with users , each party being given specific responsibilities and rights with regard to information and decision-making; points out that such an inclusion must respect the principle of subsidiarity ensuring that it does not hinder all the different co-management models that are already in place and ensure that concerned stakeholders , such as fishers , authorities and scientific community are well consulted and involved in the decision making process;


### 16. notes that global fisheries management is mainly based on a top-down state-centred approach , focused on industrial or large-scale fisheries , economic efficiency , environmental sustainability , and is guided by scientific research in marine biology; considers that this approach would not be valid for small-scale fisheries that need the involvement of the fishing community in fisheries management tools , and that it has not been the best approach with regard to semi-industrial and industrial fisheries globally; ### 16. notes that globally , fisheries management is in many countries mainly based on a top-down state-centred approach , focused on economic efficiency , environmental sustainability , and is guided by scientific research in marine biology; considers that such an approach does not fully cater for the specificities of regions , the wider community and different segments of the fishing sector such as small-scale fisheries , semi-industrial and industrial fisheries that would greatly benefit from the involvement of the fishing community in fisheries management arrangements;


### 17. stresses that the choice of instrument used in the management of fisheries resources is largely up to governments , although experience around the world shows that various forms of partnership between government , industry and fishers strengthen management and produce good results; points out that the 1987 report ‘our common future’ , commonly known as the brundtland report , already concluded that in order to achieve sustainable development and therefore also sustainable management of natural resources , communities should have greater access to and control over decisions affecting their resources , always in cooperation with the relevant administrations and organisations (world commission on environment and development , 19879 ); ### 17. stresses that the choice of instrument used in the management of fisheries resources is largely up to governments , although experience around the world shows that various forms of partnership between government , industry and fishers strengthen management and produce good results; points out that the 1987 report ‘our common future’ , commonly known as the brundtland report , already concluded that in order to achieve sustainable development and therefore also sustainable management of natural resources , communities should have greater access to and control over decisions affecting their resources , always in cooperation with the relevant administrations and organisations (world commission on environment and development , 19879 ); highlights in this regard the importance of applying the principle of subsidiarity to ensure that decisions are taken at the correct administrative level ensuring proper involvement of concerned stakeholders;


### 18. reiterates that fisheries co-management already exists and has been successful in many of the known cases , and that there are legislative initiatives in this regard , both at local level , such as in galicia , catalonia and andalusia in spain , and at state level , such as in portugal , italy , sweden , croatia and the netherlands; stresses that the lack of standardisation of regulations at european level prevents this system from being applied in other regions and countries; ### 18. reiterates that fisheries co-management already exists and has been successful in many of the known cases; notes that these are based on different legal frameworks , both at local level , such as in galicia , catalonia and andalusia in spain , and at state level , such as in portugal , italy , france , sweden , croatia and the netherlands; stresses that the lack of experience and good examples at european level prevents this system from being applied in other regions and countries;


### 19. emphasises that , with regard to the european union , co-management – and similar concepts such as co-governance or participatory management – has been briefly described in the preamble to various regulations at european level , but it has not been properly developed in their articles , nor has it generated sufficient debate to promote specific legislation for this fisheries management system , which has proved its worth in different regions and in different cases; ### 19. emphasises that , with regard to the european union , co-management – and similar concepts such as co-governance or participatory management– are mentioned in preambles to various eu legal instruments , but that there are no developed provisions on the issue; notes the need for a greater debate to promote the specific measures needed for this fisheries management system , in order to profit from the benefit co-management already has provided indifferent regions and in different cases;


### 20. stresses that the success of co-management is determined by the existence of a multidisciplinary committee with a minimum of stakeholders representing all interested parties in the management of a fishery , with the presence of social partners to ensure alignment with the global interests of society; ### 20. stresses that the success of co-management is determined by ensuring a minimum level of participation of stakeholders representing all interested parties in the management of a fishery , including , where appropriate , the presence of social partners; is also of the opinion that the commission should develop tools for them to be more of a facilitator in the setting up of these management systems;


### 21. stresses that , in the light of the examples studied , fishing co-management processes are more resilient and more adaptive than any other fisheries management system and have led to greater social cohesion , greater equity , improved stocks and improved profitability; ### 21. stresses that , in the light of the examples studied , co-management of fisheries is more resilient and more adaptive compared to many other fisheries management system and many examples have led to greater social cohesion , greater equity , improved stocks and improved profitability;


### — having regard to articles 3 , 4 , 38 , 43 and 349 of the treaty on the functioning of the european union , ### — having regard to articles 3 , 4 , 13 , 38 , 43 and 349 of the treaty on the functioning of the european union ,


### — having regard to the commission communication of 11 december 2019 on the european green deal (com(2019)0640) , ### — having regard to the commission communication of 11 december 2019 on the european green deal (com(2019)0640) and the european parliament resolution of 15th of january 2020 on this communication ,


### — having regard to the commission communication of 20 may 2020 entitled ‘a farm to fork strategy for a fair , healthy and environmentally-friendly food system’ (com(2020)0381) , ### — having regard to the commission communication of 20 may 2020 entitled ‘a farm to fork strategy for a fair , healthy and environmentally-friendly food system’ (com(2020)0381) and the european parliament resolution of 20th of october 2021 on this communication ,


### — having regard to the commission communication of 20 may 2020 entitled ‘eu biodiversity strategy for 2030 – bringing nature back into our lives’ (com(2020)0380) , ### — having regard to the commission communication of 20 may 2020 entitled ‘eu biodiversity strategy for 2030 – bringing nature back into our lives’ (com(2020)0380) and the european parliament resolution of 9th of june 2021 on this communication


### b. whereas the european green deal , the biodiversity strategy and the farm to fork strategy aim to achieve a carbon neutral europe by 2050 and make food systems fair , healthy and environmentally friendly across the union; whereas aquaculture can provide healthy food with a smaller climate and environmental footprint than that of land-based farming; ### b. whereas the european green deal , the biodiversity strategy and the farm to fork strategy aim to achieve a carbon neutral europe by 2050 and make food systems fair , healthy and environmentally friendly across the union; whereas aquaculture can provide healthy food with a smaller climate and environmental footprint than that of non-aquatic land-based farming;


### d. whereas the fao 2020 report on the state of world fisheries and aquaculture indicates that globally , the proportion of women in the total aquaculture work force (19 %) is larger than that in fisheries (12 %) and that overall , women play a crucial role throughout the fish and aquaculture value chain and provide labour in both commercial and artisanal practices; ### d. whereas the fao 2020 report on the state of world fisheries and aquaculture indicates that globally , the proportion of women in the total aquaculture work force (19 %) is larger than that in fisheries (12 %) and that overall , women play a crucial role throughout the fish and aquaculture value chain and provide labour relating to both general commercial practices and artisanal practices;


### e. whereas one in four of every seafood product consumed in europe comes from aquaculture , and considering that 70 % of seafood consumption comes from imports , only 10 % of eu seafood consumption comes from eu aquaculture; ### e. whereas one in four of every seafood product consumed in europe comes from aquaculture , where between 2018 and 2019 per capita apparent consumption of farmed products registered a 2% increase; whereas considering that in 2019 , the eu self-sufficiency for fish and seafood was 41 ,2% , only 10 % of eu seafood consumption comes from eu aquaculture;


### (6) recommendations adopted by the gfcm are binding on its contracting parties. as the union is a contracting party to the gfcm agreement , these recommendations are binding on the union and should therefore be implemented in union law unless their content is already covered thereby ### (6) recommendations adopted by the gfcm are binding on its contracting parties. as the union is a contracting party to the gfcm agreement , these recommendations are binding on the union and should therefore be implemented in union law , in a manner which ensures a level playing field for union operators in relation to operators from other gfcm contracting parties , unless their content is already covered thereby


### (7) for these reasons and since the permanent character of recommendations requires also a permanent legal instrument for their implementation in union law , it is appropriate to implement these recommendations via a single legislative act , where future recommendations can be added by way of amendments to that act. ### (7) for these reasons and since the permanent character of recommendations requires also a permanent legal instrument for their implementation in union law , it is appropriate to implement these recommendations via a single legislative act , ensuring legal clarity and predictability for union operators in waters covered by the gfcm and where future recommendations can be added by way of amendments to that act.