### (44) in order to avoid secondary victimisation , victims should be able to obtain compensation in the course of criminal proceedings. compensation from the offender should be full and should not be restricted by a fixed upper limit. it should cover all harm and trauma experienced by victims and costs incurred to manage the damages , including among other things therapy costs , impact on the victim’s employment situation , loss of earnings , psychological damages , and moral prejudice due to the violation of dignity. the amount of compensation should reflect that victims of domestic violence may have to uproot their lives in order to seek safety , entailing a possible change of employment or finding new schools for children or even creating a new identity. ### (44) in order to avoid secondary victimisation , victims should be able to obtain compensation in the course of criminal proceedings. compensation from the offender should be full and should not be restricted by a fixed upper limit. it should cover all harm and trauma experienced by victims and costs incurred to manage the damages , including among other things therapy costs , impact on the victim’s employment situation , loss of earnings , psychological damages , and moral prejudice due to the violation of dignity. the amount of compensation should reflect that victims of domestic violence may have to uproot their lives in order to seek safety , entailing a possible loss or change of employment or finding new schools for children or even creating a new identity.


### (44) in order to avoid secondary victimisation , victims should be able to obtain compensation in the course of criminal proceedings. compensation from the offender should be full and should not be restricted by a fixed upper limit. it should cover all harm and trauma experienced by victims and costs incurred to manage the damages , including among other things therapy costs , impact on the victim’s employment situation , loss of earnings , psychological damages , and moral prejudice due to the violation of dignity. the amount of compensation should reflect that victims of domestic violence may have to uproot their lives in order to seek safety , entailing a possible change of employment or finding new schools for children or even creating a new identity. ### (44) in order to avoid secondary victimisation , victims should be able to obtain compensation in the course of criminal proceedings. compensation from the offender should be full and should not be restricted by a fixed upper limit. it should cover all harm and trauma experienced by victims and costs incurred to manage the damages , including among other things costs for healthcare services , including sexual and reproductive and psychological health services , rehabilitation , therapy costs , impact on the victim’s employment situation , loss of earnings , psychological damages , and moral prejudice due to the violation of dignity. victims suffering psychological harm and trauma , especially with regards to cyberviolence , should also be able to obtain compensation. compensation for psychological harm and trauma should be independent and never regarded as an “addition” or conditional on compensation for physical harm. the amount of compensation should reflect that victims of domestic violence may have to uproot their lives in order to seek safety , entailing a possible change of employment or finding new schools for children or even creating a new identity. member states should ensure that when an offender , for any reason , does not abide by the decision to pay compensation to the victim within the agreed timeframe , the state takes over this obligation and takes all appropriate actions to reclaim it from the offender.


### (45) assistance and support to victims of violence against women and domestic violence should be provided before , during and for an appropriate period after the criminal proceedings have ended , for example where medical treatment is still needed to address the severe physical or psychological consequences of the violence , or if the victim’s safety is at risk in particular due to the statements made by the victim in those proceedings. ### (45) assistance and support to victims of violence against women and domestic violence should be provided before , during and after the offence occurs , for example where medical treatment is still needed to address the severe physical or psychological consequences of the violence , or if the victim’s safety is at risk in particular due to the statements made by the victim in those proceedings.


### (46) specialised support services should provide support to victims of all forms of violence against women and domestic violence , including sexual violence , female genital mutilation , forced marriage , forced abortion and sterilisation , sexual harassment and of various forms of cyber violence. ### (46) specialised support services should provide support to victims of all forms of violence against women and domestic violence , including sexual violence , female and intersex genital mutilation and other harmful practices , forced marriage , forced abortion and sterilisation , sexual harassment and of various forms of cyber violence.


### (46) specialised support services should provide support to victims of all forms of violence against women and domestic violence , including sexual violence , female genital mutilation , forced marriage , forced abortion and sterilisation , sexual harassment and of various forms of cyber violence. ### (46) specialised support services should provide support , advice and information on any relevant legal and practical matters as well as referrals to medical forensic examinations and comprehensive healthcare services to victims of all forms of violence against women and domestic violence , including sexual violence , female genital mutilation , forced marriage , forced abortion and sterilisation , sexual harassment and of various forms of cyber violence. all services and assistance should be organised and geographically distributed in such a way as to ensure reasonable distances and capacity for victims , with particular attention to rural and remote areas.


### (46) specialised support services should provide support to victims of all forms of violence against women and domestic violence , including sexual violence , female genital mutilation , forced marriage , forced abortion and sterilisation , sexual harassment and of various forms of cyber violence. ### (46) specialised support services should provide support to victims of all forms of violence against women and domestic violence , including sexual violence , female genital mutilation , intersex genital mutilation , forced marriage , forced abortion and sterilisation , sexual harassment and of various forms of cyber violence.


### (46) specialised support services should provide support to victims of all forms of violence against women and domestic violence , including sexual violence , female genital mutilation , forced marriage , forced abortion and sterilisation , sexual harassment and of various forms of cyber violence. ### (46) specialised support services should provide support to victims of all forms of violence against women and domestic violence , including sexual violence , female genital mutilation , forced marriage , marital captivity , forced abortion and sterilisation , sexual harassment and of various forms of cyber violence.


### (46) specialised support services should provide support to victims of all forms of violence against women and domestic violence , including sexual violence , female genital mutilation , forced marriage , forced abortion and sterilisation , sexual harassment and of various forms of cyber violence. ### (46) specialised support services should provide support to victims of all forms of violence against women and domestic violence , including sexual violence , female and intersex genital mutilation , forced marriage , forced abortion and sterilisation , sexual harassment and of various forms of cyber violence.


### (47) specialist support should offer victims support tailored to their specific needs , and irrespective of any official complaint. such services could be provided in addition to , or as an integrated part of , general victim support services , which may call on existing entities providing specialist support. specialist support may be provided by national authorities , victims’ support organisations , or other non-governmental organisations. they should be granted sufficient human and financial resources and , where the services are provided by non-governmental organisations , member states should ensure that they receive appropriate funds. ### (47) specialist support should offer victims support tailored to their specific needs , free of charge , available round the clock (24/7) , and irrespective of any official complaint. such services could be provided in addition to general victim support services , which may call on existing entities providing specialist support. in this regard , cooperation , coordination and a comprehensive support framework , including specific and clear referral pathways across all kinds of support as well as medical services are essential. specialist support may be provided by national authorities , victims’ support organisations , or other non-governmental organisations. they should be granted sufficient , predictable and sustainable human and financial resources , with adequately trained and specialised staff.


### (48) victims of domestic violence and violence against women typically have multiple protection and support needs. in order to address these effectively , member states should provide such services at the same premises , or have such services coordinated through a central contact point. to ensure also victims in remote areas or unable to physically reach such centres are reached , member states should provide for online access to such services. this should entail setting up a single and updated website where all relevant information on and access to available support and protection services is provided (one-stop online access). the website should follow accessibility requirements for persons with disabilities. ### (48) victims of domestic violence and violence against women typically have multiple protection and support needs. in order to address these effectively , member states should provide such services at the same premises , or have such services coordinated through a central contact point. to ensure also victims in remote areas or unable to physically reach such centres are reached , member states should provide for online access to such services. this should entail setting up a single and updated website where all relevant information on and access to available support and protection services is provided (one-stop online access). the website should follow accessibility requirements for persons with disabilities , such as those set out in annex i of directive (eu) 2019/882 on the accessibility requirements for products and services.


### (49) specialist support services , including shelters and rape crisis centres , should be considered essential during crises and states of emergency , including during health crises. these services should continue to be offered in these situations , where instances of domestic violence and violence against women tend to surge. ### (49) specialist support services , including shelters , rape crisis centres , helplines and victims’ advice centres should be considered essential during crises and states of emergency , including during health crises. these services should continue to be offered in these situations , where instances of domestic violence and violence against women tend to surge. taking stock of the lessons learned of the covid-19 pandemic , when gender-based violence was considered the “shadow pandemic” , member states should work towards a specific eu protocol on violence against women in times of crisis and emergency.


### (50) the traumatic nature of sexual violence , including rape , requires a particularly sensitive response by trained and specialised staff. victims of this type of violence need immediate medical care and trauma support combined with immediate forensic examinations to collect the evidence needed for prosecution. rape crisis centres or sexual violence referral centres should be available in sufficient numbers and adequately spread over the territory of each member state. similarly , victims of female genital mutilation , who are often girls , typically are in need of targeted support. therefore , member states should ensure they provide dedicated support tailored to these victims. ### (50) the traumatic nature of sexual violence , including rape , requires a particularly gender-sensitive response by trained and specialised staff. victims of this type of violence need immediate medical care and trauma support combined with immediate forensic examinations to collect the evidence needed for prosecution. rape crisis centres or sexual violence referral centres should be available in sufficient numbers and adequately spread over the territory of each member state. similarly , victims of female genital mutilation , who are often girls , typically are in need of targeted support. therefore , member states should ensure they provide dedicated support tailored to these victims.


### (50) the traumatic nature of sexual violence , including rape , requires a particularly sensitive response by trained and specialised staff. victims of this type of violence need immediate medical care and trauma support combined with immediate forensic examinations to collect the evidence needed for prosecution. rape crisis centres or sexual violence referral centres should be available in sufficient numbers and adequately spread over the territory of each member state. similarly , victims of female genital mutilation , who are often girls , typically are in need of targeted support. therefore , member states should ensure they provide dedicated support tailored to these victims. ### (50) the traumatic nature of sexual violence , including rape , requires a particularly sensitive response by trained and specialised staff. victims of this type of violence need immediate medical care and trauma support combined with immediate forensic examinations to collect the evidence needed for prosecution. rape crisis centres or sexual violence referral centres should be available in sufficient numbers and adequately spread over the territory of each member state. similarly , victims of female genital mutilation , who are often girls , as well as victims of intersex genital mutilation , typically are in need of targeted support. therefore , member states should ensure they provide dedicated support tailored to these victims.


### (50) the traumatic nature of sexual violence , including rape , requires a particularly sensitive response by trained and specialised staff. victims of this type of violence need immediate medical care and trauma support combined with immediate forensic examinations to collect the evidence needed for prosecution. rape crisis centres or sexual violence referral centres should be available in sufficient numbers and adequately spread over the territory of each member state. similarly , victims of female genital mutilation , who are often girls , typically are in need of targeted support. therefore , member states should ensure they provide dedicated support tailored to these victims. ### (50) the traumatic nature of sexual violence , including rape , requires a particularly sensitive response by trained and specialised staff. victims of this type of violence need immediate , comprehensive and long-lasting medical care , including sexual and reproductive healthcare as part of the clinical management of rape , emergency contraception , post-exposure prophylaxis , access to safe and legal abortion , and trauma support combined with immediate forensic examinations to collect the evidence needed for prosecution. rape crisis centres or sexual violence referral centres should be available in sufficient numbers and adequately spread over the territory of each member state. where a member state's national law allows a competent health professional , or on some occasions entire medical institutions , to refuse to provide sexual and reproductive healthcare on the basis of the so-called conscience clause , which leads to the denial of abortion care on grounds of religion or conscience , member states should ensure that the ‘conscience’ clause does not put women’s timely access to srh care at risk , by providing viable , effective and accessible alternative abortion services.


### (50) the traumatic nature of sexual violence , including rape , requires a particularly sensitive response by trained and specialised staff. victims of this type of violence need immediate medical care and trauma support combined with immediate forensic examinations to collect the evidence needed for prosecution. rape crisis centres or sexual violence referral centres should be available in sufficient numbers and adequately spread over the territory of each member state. similarly , victims of female genital mutilation , who are often girls , typically are in need of targeted support. therefore , member states should ensure they provide dedicated support tailored to these victims. ### (50) the traumatic nature of sexual violence , including rape , requires a particularly sensitive response by trained and specialised staff. victims of this type of violence need immediate medical care and trauma support combined with immediate forensic examinations to collect the evidence needed for prosecution. rape crisis centres or sexual violence referral centres should be available in sufficient numbers and adequately spread over the territory of each member state. similarly , victims of female genital mutilation , who are often girls , as well as victims of intersex genital mutilation typically are in need of targeted support. therefore , member states should ensure they provide dedicated support tailored to these victims.


### (50) the traumatic nature of sexual violence , including rape , requires a particularly sensitive response by trained and specialised staff. victims of this type of violence need immediate medical care and trauma support combined with immediate forensic examinations to collect the evidence needed for prosecution. rape crisis centres or sexual violence referral centres should be available in sufficient numbers and adequately spread over the territory of each member state. similarly , victims of female genital mutilation , who are often girls , typically are in need of targeted support. therefore , member states should ensure they provide dedicated support tailored to these victims. ### (50) the traumatic nature of sexual violence , including rape , requires a particularly sensitive response by trained and specialised staff. victims of this type of violence need immediate medical care and trauma support combined with immediate forensic examinations to collect the evidence needed for prosecution. rape crisis centres or sexual violence referral centres should be available in sufficient numbers and adequately spread over the territory of each member state. similarly , victims of female genital mutilation , who are often girls , and of intersex genital mutilation , typically are in need of targeted support. therefore , member states should ensure they provide dedicated support tailored to these victims.


### (51) harassment at work is considered as discrimination on grounds of sex by directives 2004/113/ec , 2006/54/ec and 2010/41/eu. given that sexual harassment at work has significant negative consequences both for the victims and the employers , advice on adequately addressing such instances at the workplace , on legal remedies available to the employer to remove the offender from the workplace and providing the possibility of early conciliation , if the victim so wishes , should be provided by external counselling services to both victims and employers. ### (51) harassment at work is considered as discrimination on grounds of sex by directives 2004/113/ec , 2006/54/ec and 2010/41/eu. given that gender-based violence and harassment , in particular sexual harassment at work has significant negative consequences for everyone at work , impacting workplace relations and productivity , advice should be provided by external counselling services to both workers and employers on adequately preventing and addressing such instances in the world of work , including through social dialogue and on legal remedies available to the employer to remove the offender from the workplace and providing the possibility of early conciliation , if the victim so wishes. such support should be specialised , gender-sensitive , free of charge and confidential.


### (52) member states should ensure that national helplines are operated under the eu-harmonised number [116016] and this number is widely advertised as a public number , free of charge and available round-the-clock. the support provided should include crisis counselling and should be able to refer to face-to-face services , such as shelters , counselling centres or the police. ### (52) member states should ensure that national helplines are operated under the eu-harmonised number [116016] and this number is widely advertised as a public number , free of charge and available round-the-clock. the support provided should be accessible to persons with disabilities , include crisis counselling and should be able to refer to face-to-face services , such as shelters , counselling centres or the police.


### (52) member states should ensure that national helplines are operated under the eu-harmonised number [116016] and this number is widely advertised as a public number , free of charge and available round-the-clock. the support provided should include crisis counselling and should be able to refer to face-to-face services , such as shelters , counselling centres or the police. ### (52) member states should ensure that national helplines are available for the victims of violence against women and domestic violence , free of charge and available round-the-clock. the support provided should include crisis counselling and should be able to refer to face-to-face services , such as shelters , counselling centres or the police. member states should continue supporting existing specialised helplines on violence against women and domestic violence , run by non-governmental organisations or specialist support services , already playing a key role in counselling as well as supporting , advising and informing victims. member states should ensure that their national helpline or helplines are connected to the eu harmonised number 116016 and that the end-users are adequately informed of the existence and use of such number. member states may choose to keep their national helpline number or numbers and link it with the eu harmonised number. member states shall ensure that national helplines are equipped to provide support also to persons not speaking the national language or languages , including through the option of telephone interpretation.


### (53) shelters play a vital role in protecting victims from acts of violence. beyond providing a safe place to stay , shelters should provide the necessary support concerning interlocking problems related to victims’ health , financial situation and the well-being of their children , ultimately preparing victims for an autonomous life. ### (53) shelters play a vital role in protecting victims from acts of violence. beyond providing a safe place to stay , shelters should provide the necessary support concerning interlocking problems related to victims’ health , financial and employment situation and the well-being of their children , ultimately preparing victims for an autonomous life. shelters and other appropriate interim accommodations should be made available to accommodate the specific needs of victims with disabilities.


### (53) shelters play a vital role in protecting victims from acts of violence. beyond providing a safe place to stay , shelters should provide the necessary support concerning interlocking problems related to victims’ health , financial situation and the well-being of their children , ultimately preparing victims for an autonomous life. ### (53) shelters play a vital role in protecting victims from acts of violence. beyond providing a safe place to stay , shelters should provide the necessary support concerning interlocking problems related to victims’ health , financial situation and the well-being of their children , ultimately preparing victims for an autonomous life. member states should ensure the availability of sufficient dedicated domestic violence shelters , with an adequate geographical distribution. a variety of different models should be made available , including single-gender shelters , thereby ensuring maximum flexibility for victims. shelters should always be available free of charge for the victim.


### (53) shelters play a vital role in protecting victims from acts of violence. beyond providing a safe place to stay , shelters should provide the necessary support concerning interlocking problems related to victims’ health , financial situation and the well-being of their children , ultimately preparing victims for an autonomous life. ### (53) shelters play a vital role in protecting victims from acts of violence. beyond providing a safe place to stay , shelters should provide the necessary support concerning interlocking problems related to victims’ health , including psychological health , financial situation , support in court proceedings and the well-being of their children , ultimately preparing victims for an autonomous life. member states should ensure availability of women-only shelters , guaranteeing their sufficient geographical distribution and capacity. shelters should also be adequately equipped to provide accommodation for victims with children.


### (56) victims with specific needs and groups at risk of violence against women or domestic violence , such as women with disabilities , women with dependant residence status or permit , undocumented migrant women , women applicants for international protection , women fleeing armed conflict , women affected by homelessness , with a minority racial or ethnic background , living in rural areas , women sex workers , detainees , or older women , should receive specific protection and support. ### (56) victims with specific needs and groups at risk of violence against women or domestic violence , such as women with disabilities , women with dependant residence status or permit , undocumented migrant women , women applicants for international protection , women fleeing armed conflict , women affected by homelessness , with a minority racial or ethnic background , lbti+ women , expectant and new mothers , living in rural areas , living in institutions , women sex workers , detainees , or older women , should receive specific protection and support.


### (56) victims with specific needs and groups at risk of violence against women or domestic violence , such as women with disabilities , women with dependant residence status or permit , undocumented migrant women , women applicants for international protection , women fleeing armed conflict , women affected by homelessness , with a minority racial or ethnic background , living in rural areas , women sex workers , detainees , or older women , should receive specific protection and support. ### (56) victims with specific needs and groups at risk of violence against women or domestic violence , such as women with disabilities , women with dependant residence status or permit , undocumented migrant women , women applicants for international protection , women fleeing armed conflict , women affected by homelessness , with a minority racial or ethnic background , living in rural areas , women sex workers , detainees , older women or lbtiq women and other lgbtiq people subject to gender-based violence , should receive specific protection and support.


### (56) victims with specific needs and groups at risk of violence against women or domestic violence , such as women with disabilities , women with dependant residence status or permit , undocumented migrant women , women applicants for international protection , women fleeing armed conflict , women affected by homelessness , with a minority racial or ethnic background , living in rural areas , women sex workers , detainees , or older women , should receive specific protection and support. ### (56) victims with specific needs and groups at risk of violence against women or domestic violence , such as women with disabilities , women with dependant residence status or permit , undocumented migrant women , women applicants for international protection , women fleeing armed conflict , women affected by homelessness , with a minority racial or ethnic background , living in rural areas , women sex workers , detainees , older women , children , victims of so-called "honour crimes" or lbtiq women and other lgbtiq people subject to gender-based violence , should receive specific protection and support.


### (56) victims with specific needs and groups at risk of violence against women or domestic violence , such as women with disabilities , women with dependant residence status or permit , undocumented migrant women , women applicants for international protection , women fleeing armed conflict , women affected by homelessness , with a minority racial or ethnic background , living in rural areas , women sex workers , detainees , or older women , should receive specific protection and support. ### (56) victims with specific needs and groups at risk of violence against women or domestic violence , such as women with disabilities , women with dependant residence status or permit , undocumented migrant women , women applicants for international protection , women fleeing armed conflict , women affected by homelessness , with no or low income , with a minority racial or ethnic background , living in rural areas , women sex workers , sexual or gender-identity minorities , detainees , or older women , should receive specific protection and support.


### (56) victims with specific needs and groups at risk of violence against women or domestic violence , such as women with disabilities , women with dependant residence status or permit , undocumented migrant women , women applicants for international protection , women fleeing armed conflict , women affected by homelessness , with a minority racial or ethnic background , living in rural areas , women sex workers , detainees , or older women , should receive specific protection and support. ### (56) victims with specific needs and groups at risk of violence against women or domestic violence , such as women with disabilities , women with dependant residence status or permit , undocumented migrant women , women applicants for international protection , women fleeing armed conflict , women affected by homelessness , with a minority racial or ethnic background , living in rural areas , women sex workers , detainees , older women , or lgbtiq people , should receive specific protection and support.


### (57) women with disability disproportionately experience violence against women and domestic violence and due to their disability often have difficulties in accessing protection and support measures. therefore , member states should ensure they can benefit fully from the rights set out in this directive , on an equal basis with others , while paying due attention to the particular vulnerability of such victims and their likely difficulties to reach out for help. ### (57) women and girls with disabilities disproportionately experience violence against women and domestic violence both within and outside their home. due to a lack of accessible protection and support measures , victims with disabilities often have difficulties in advocating for themselves , being heard and believed and accessing such protection and support measures. therefore , member states should ensure they can benefit fully from the rights set out in this directive , on an equal basis with others , while paying due attention to the particular vulnerability of such victims and their likely difficulties in being able to reach out for or receive help.


### (58) member states should ensure that preventive measures , such as awareness-raising campaigns , are taken to counter violence against women and domestic violence. prevention should also take place in formal education , in particular , through strengthening sexuality education and socio-emotional competencies , empathy and developing healthy and respectful relationships. ### (58) member states should ensure that preventive measures , such as awareness-raising campaigns , are taken to counter violence against women and domestic violence and associated stigma and inform all persons , including victims themselves , of the signs of violence and abuse. prevention should also take place in formal education , in particular , through strengthening comprehensive sexuality education and socio-emotional competencies , empathy and developing healthy and respectful relationships with a particular focus on addressing boys and young men.


### (58) member states should ensure that preventive measures , such as awareness-raising campaigns , are taken to counter violence against women and domestic violence. prevention should also take place in formal education , in particular , through strengthening sexuality education and socio-emotional competencies , empathy and developing healthy and respectful relationships. ### (58) member states should ensure that preventive measures are based on a three-pronged approach including primary , secondary as well as tertiary prevention , and ensure their adequate coordination. primary preventive measures should aim to prevent violence from ever occurring , including through awareness-raising campaigns. primary prevention should also take place in both in and outside formal education , in particular , through strengthening age-appropriate comprehensive sexuality and relationship education , equality education and socio-emotional competencies , empathy and developing healthy and respectful relationships. secondary preventive measures shall be aimed at early detection of violence and prevention of its progression or escalation while tertiary prevention shall be focused on prevention of reoffending and revictimisation.


### (58) member states should ensure that preventive measures , such as awareness-raising campaigns , are taken to counter violence against women and domestic violence. prevention should also take place in formal education , in particular , through strengthening sexuality education and socio-emotional competencies , empathy and developing healthy and respectful relationships. ### (58) member states should ensure that preventive measures , such as awareness-raising campaigns , are taken to counter violence against women and domestic violence. prevention should also take place in formal education , in particular , through strengthening sexuality education and socio-emotional competencies , empathy and developing healthy and respectful relationships. universal access to comprehensive , non-discriminatory , age-appropriate and evidence-based sexuality education and information for all primary and secondary school children should be ensured and mandatory courses should be implemented in the eu member states in line with international standards. targeted measures should be addressed to vulnerable people exposed to the risk of discrimination , stigmatization , social or economic exclusion.


### (58) member states should ensure that preventive measures , such as awareness-raising campaigns , are taken to counter violence against women and domestic violence. prevention should also take place in formal education , in particular , through strengthening sexuality education and socio-emotional competencies , empathy and developing healthy and respectful relationships. ### (58) member states should ensure that preventive measures , such as awareness-raising campaigns , are taken to counter violence against women and domestic violence. special attention must be paid in awareness-raising campaigns to women experiencing discrimination and violence on the basis of the combination of their sex or gender and other grounds , and by victims at an increased risk of domestic violence. prevention should also take place in formal education , in particular , through strengthening inclusive sexuality and relationships education and socio-emotional competencies , such as empathy.


### (58) member states should ensure that preventive measures , such as awareness-raising campaigns , are taken to counter violence against women and domestic violence. prevention should also take place in formal education , in particular , through strengthening sexuality education and socio-emotional competencies , empathy and developing healthy and respectful relationships. ### (58) member states should ensure that preventive measures , such as awareness-raising campaigns , are taken to counter violence against women and domestic violence. prevention should also take place in formal education , in particular , through strengthening comprehensive and age-appropriate sexuality education and socio-emotional competencies , empathy and developing healthy and respectful relationships.


### (59) member states should take measures to prevent the cultivation of harmful gender stereotypes to eradicate the idea of the inferiority of women or stereotyped roles of women and men. this could also include measures aimed at ensuring that culture , custom , religion , tradition or honour is not perceived as a justification for , or a more lenient treatment of , offences of violence against women or domestic violence. considering that from a very young age onwards , children are exposed to gender roles that shape their self-perception and influence their academic and professional choices as well as expectations of their roles as women and men throughout their life , it is crucial to address gender stereotypes as of early-childhood education and care. ### (59) member states should take measures to prevent the cultivation of and dismantle existing harmful gender stereotypes to eradicate the idea of the inferiority of women or stereotyped roles of women and men. this could also include measures aimed at ensuring that culture , custom , religion , tradition or honour can never be perceived or used as a justification for , or a more lenient treatment of , offences of violence against women or domestic violence. considering that from a very young age onwards , children are exposed to gender roles that shape their self-perception and influence their academic and professional choices as well as expectations of their roles as women and men throughout their life , it is crucial to address gender stereotypes and respect for explicit consent and bodily autonomy as of early-childhood education and care.


### (60) in order to ensure victims of violence against women and domestic violence are identified and receive appropriate support , member states should ensure that professionals likely to come into contact with victims receive training and targeted information. trainings should cover the risk and prevention of intimidation , repeat and secondary victimisation and the availability of protection and support measures for victims. to prevent and appropriately address instances of sexual harassment at work , persons with supervisory functions should also receive training. these trainings should also cover assessments regarding sexual harassment at work and associated psychosocial safety and health risks as referred to under directive 89/391/eec of the european parliament and of the council45 . training activities should also cover the risk of third party violence. third party violence refers to violence which staff may suffer at the workplace , not at the hands of a co-worker , and includes cases , such as nurses sexually harassed by a patient. ### (60) in order to ensure victims of violence against women and domestic violence are identified and receive appropriate support , member states should ensure that professionals likely to come into contact with victims receive regular and mandatory training and targeted information. trainings should be gender- and disability-sensitive and cover the risk and prevention of intimidation , repeat and secondary victimisation and the availability of protection and support measures for victims. to prevent and appropriately address instances of violence and harassment in the world of work , persons with supervisory functions should also receive such training. these trainings should also cover assessments regarding in particular sexual harassment at work and associated psychosocial safety and health risks as referred to under directive 89/391/eec of the european parliament and of the council45. training activities should also cover the risk of third party violence. third party violence refers to violence which staff may suffer at the workplace , not at the hands of a co-worker , and includes cases , such as nurses sexually harassed or assaulted by a patient.


### (60) in order to ensure victims of violence against women and domestic violence are identified and receive appropriate support , member states should ensure that professionals likely to come into contact with victims receive training and targeted information. trainings should cover the risk and prevention of intimidation , repeat and secondary victimisation and the availability of protection and support measures for victims. to prevent and appropriately address instances of sexual harassment at work , persons with supervisory functions should also receive training. these trainings should also cover assessments regarding sexual harassment at work and associated psychosocial safety and health risks as referred to under directive 89/391/eec of the european parliament and of the council45 . training activities should also cover the risk of third party violence. third party violence refers to violence which staff may suffer at the workplace , not at the hands of a co-worker , and includes cases , such as nurses sexually harassed by a patient. ### (60) in order to ensure victims of gender-based violence , domestic violence and cyber violence are identified and receive appropriate support , member states should ensure that professionals likely to come into contact with victims , including law enforcement authorities , receive mandatory training and targeted information. trainings should cover the dynamics and impact of sexual assault victimization , the risk and prevention of intimidation , repeat and secondary victimisation and the availability of protection and support measures for victims and how to assess the risk of their situation. trainings should also cover how to properly interview and assist a victim who wishes to lodge a complaint. to prevent and appropriately address instances of sexual harassment at work , persons with supervisory functions should also receive training. these trainings should also cover assessments regarding sexual harassment at work and associated psychosocial safety and health risks as referred to under directive 89/391/eec of the european parliament and of the council . training activities should also cover the risk of third party violence. third party violence refers to violence which staff may suffer at the workplace , not at the hands of a co-worker , and includes cases , such as nurses sexually harassed by a patient.


### (60) in order to ensure victims of violence against women and domestic violence are identified and receive appropriate support , member states should ensure that professionals likely to come into contact with victims receive training and targeted information. trainings should cover the risk and prevention of intimidation , repeat and secondary victimisation and the availability of protection and support measures for victims. to prevent and appropriately address instances of sexual harassment at work , persons with supervisory functions should also receive training. these trainings should also cover assessments regarding sexual harassment at work and associated psychosocial safety and health risks as referred to under directive 89/391/eec of the european parliament and of the council45 . training activities should also cover the risk of third party violence. third party violence refers to violence which staff may suffer at the workplace , not at the hands of a co-worker , and includes cases , such as nurses sexually harassed by a patient. ### (60) in order to ensure victims of violence against women and domestic violence are identified and receive appropriate support , member states should ensure that professionals likely to come into contact with victims receive adequate and tailored training and targeted information. trainings should cover the risk and prevention of intimidation , repeat and secondary victimisation and the availability of protection and support measures for victims. specific attention should be given to specialised training of competent authorities entering in contact with the victims , especially with the aim of facilitating the reporting of such offences and enabling swift and appropriate follow-up actions. trainings should also cover elements on gender equality and discrimination , including intersectional discrimination , as well as prevention and identification of sexual harassment of the most marginalised groups , who are often the less believed when reporting , such as women with disabilities. to prevent and appropriately address instances of sexual harassment at work , persons with supervisory functions should also receive training. these trainings should also cover assessments regarding sexual harassment at work and associated psychosocial safety and health risks as referred to under directive 89/391/eec of the european parliament and of the council45 . training activities should also cover the risk of third party violence. third party violence refers to violence which staff may suffer at the workplace , not at the hands of a co-worker , and includes cases , such as nurses sexually harassed by a patient. training materials and activities should be regularly reviewed in consultation with victims , specialist services and other relevant actors.


### (60) in order to ensure victims of violence against women and domestic violence are identified and receive appropriate support , member states should ensure that professionals likely to come into contact with victims receive training and targeted information. trainings should cover the risk and prevention of intimidation , repeat and secondary victimisation and the availability of protection and support measures for victims. to prevent and appropriately address instances of sexual harassment at work , persons with supervisory functions should also receive training. these trainings should also cover assessments regarding sexual harassment at work and associated psychosocial safety and health risks as referred to under directive 89/391/eec of the european parliament and of the council45 . training activities should also cover the risk of third party violence. third party violence refers to violence which staff may suffer at the workplace , not at the hands of a co-worker , and includes cases , such as nurses sexually harassed by a patient. ### (60) in order to ensure victims of gender-based violence , domestic violence and cyber violence are identified and receive appropriate support , member states should ensure that professionals likely to come into contact with victims , including law enforcement authorities , receive mandatory training and targeted information. trainings should cover the dynamics and impact of sexual assault victimization , the risk and prevention of intimidation , repeat and secondary victimisation and the availability of protection and support measures for victims and how to assess the risk of their situation. trainings should also cover how to properly interview and assist a victim who wishes to lodge a complaint. to prevent and appropriately address instances of sexual harassment at work , persons with supervisory functions should also receive training. these trainings should also cover assessments regarding sexual harassment at work and associated psychosocial safety and health risks as referred to under directive 89/391/eec of the european parliament and of the council45 . training activities should also cover the risk of third party violence. third party violence refers to violence which staff may suffer at the workplace , not at the hands of a co-worker , and includes cases , such as nurses sexually harassed by a patient.


### (61) in order to counteract underreporting , member states should also liaise with law enforcement authorities in the development of trainings in particular regarding harmful gender stereotypes , but also in the prevention of offences , given their typical close contact with groups at risk of violence and victims. ### (61) in order to counteract underreporting , member states should also liaise with law enforcement authorities in the development of trainings in particular regarding harmful gender stereotypes , but also in the prevention of offences , given their typical close contact with groups at risk of violence and victims. mandatory trainings of law enforcement authorities on how to receive a victim of gender-based violence , domestic violence or cyberviolence is essential to properly assist the filing of a complaint by the victim and to properly assess the risk of her situation.


### (61) in order to counteract underreporting , member states should also liaise with law enforcement authorities in the development of trainings in particular regarding harmful gender stereotypes , but also in the prevention of offences , given their typical close contact with groups at risk of violence and victims. ### (61) in order to counteract underreporting , member states should also liaise with law enforcement authorities in the development of trainings in particular regarding harmful gender stereotypes and prejudices , including multiple discrimination grounds , but also in the prevention of offences , given their typical close contact with groups at risk of violence and victims.


### (61) in order to counteract underreporting , member states should also liaise with law enforcement authorities in the development of trainings in particular regarding harmful gender stereotypes , but also in the prevention of offences , given their typical close contact with groups at risk of violence and victims. ### (61) in order to counteract underreporting , member states should also liaise with law enforcement and judicial authorities in the development of trainings in particular regarding harmful gender stereotypes , but also in the prevention of offences , given their typical close contact with groups at risk of violence and victims. specific guidelines for law enforcement and judicial authorities concerning the proceedings in cases of violence against women and domestic violence should also be developed by member states.


### (62) intervention programmes should be set up to prevent and minimise the risk of (repeated) offences of violence against women or domestic violence. the programmes should specifically aim at teaching offenders or those at risk of offending how to adopt non-violent behaviour in interpersonal relationships and how to counter violent behavioural patterns. programmes should encourage offenders to take responsibility for their actions and examine their attitudes and beliefs towards women. ### (62) early intervention programmes should be set up to prevent and minimise the risk of (repeated) offences of violence against women or domestic violence. the programmes should specifically aim at teaching offenders or those at risk of offending how to adopt non-violent behaviour in interpersonal relationships and how to counter violent behavioural patterns. programmes should encourage offenders to take responsibility for their actions and examine their attitudes and beliefs towards women.


### (62) intervention programmes should be set up to prevent and minimise the risk of (repeated) offences of violence against women or domestic violence. the programmes should specifically aim at teaching offenders or those at risk of offending how to adopt non-violent behaviour in interpersonal relationships and how to counter violent behavioural patterns. programmes should encourage offenders to take responsibility for their actions and examine their attitudes and beliefs towards women. ### (62) intervention programmes should be set up , with trained and skilled professionals , in close cooperation with specialist support services for victims , to prevent and minimise the risk of (repeated) offences of violence against women or domestic violence. the programmes should specifically aim at teaching offenders or those at risk of offending how to adopt non-violent behaviour in interpersonal relationships and how to counter violent behavioural patterns. programmes should encourage offenders to take responsibility for their actions and examine their attitudes and beliefs towards women.


### (65) member states should ensure that the data collected are limited to what is strictly necessary in relation to supporting the monitoring of the prevalence and trends of violence against women and domestic violence and design new policy strategies in this field. when sharing the data collected , no personal data should be included. ### (65) member states should ensure that the data collected are limited to what is strictly necessary in relation to supporting the monitoring of the prevalence and trends of violence against women and domestic violence and design new policy strategies in this field. data collected should include the context in which the offence took place , such as at home , at the workplace or online , as well as information about whether a victim is at a heightened risk of experiencing gender-based violence , as this will inform future targeted policy actions. it should also include whether violence was committed against victims affected by intersectional discrimination as defined in recital 11. when sharing the data collected , no personal data should be included.


### (65) member states should ensure that the data collected are limited to what is strictly necessary in relation to supporting the monitoring of the prevalence and trends of violence against women and domestic violence and design new policy strategies in this field. when sharing the data collected , no personal data should be included. ### (65) member states should ensure that the data collected are limited to what is strictly necessary for monitoring the prevalence and trends of violence against women and domestic violence , as well as the adequacy of responses and efficiency of law enforcement processes in this regard , and design new policy strategies in this field. when sharing the data collected , no personal data should be included. publishing on a regular basis and making available in an accessible manner national data in relation to violence against women and domestic violence is of outmost importance.


### this directive lays down rules to prevent and combat violence against women and domestic violence. it establishes minimum rules concerning: ### this directive lays down rules to prevent and combat gender-based violence , domestic violence and cyberviolence. it establishes minimum rules concerning:


### this directive lays down rules to prevent and combat violence against women and domestic violence. it establishes minimum rules concerning: ### this directive lays down rules to prevent and combat gender-based violence against women , domestic violence and cyberviolence. it establishes minimum rules concerning:


### the rights of victims of all forms of violence against women or domestic violence before , during or after criminal proceedings; ### the rights of victims of all forms of violence against women or domestic violence before , during and after criminal proceedings;


### the rights of victims of all forms of violence against women or domestic violence before , during or after criminal proceedings; ### the rights of victims of all forms of gender-based violence , domestic violence or cyberviolence before , during or after criminal proceedings;


### the rights of victims of all forms of violence against women or domestic violence before , during or after criminal proceedings; ### the rights of victims of all forms of violence against women or domestic violence before , during or after the offence occurs;


### victims’ protection and victims’ support. ### victims’ protection , victims’ support and prevention and early intervention;


### 1. when implementing the measures under this directive , member states shall take into consideration the increased risk of violence faced by victims experiencing discrimination based on a combination of sex and other grounds so as to cater to their enhanced protection and support needs , as set out in article 18(4) , article 27(5) and article 37(7). ### 1. when implementing the measures under this directive , member states shall take into consideration the increased risk of violence faced by victims experiencing discrimination based on a combination of sex or gender and other grounds so as to cater to their enhanced protection and support needs , as set out in article 18(4) , article 27(5) and article 37(7).


### 1. when implementing the measures under this directive , member states shall take into consideration the increased risk of violence faced by victims experiencing discrimination based on a combination of sex and other grounds so as to cater to their enhanced protection and support needs , as set out in article 18(4) , article 27(5) and article 37(7). ### 1. when implementing the measures under this directive , member states shall take into consideration the increased risk of violence faced by victims experiencing discrimination based on a combination of sex or gender and other grounds , as well as to victims at an increased risk of domestic violence , so as to cater to their enhanced protection and support needs , as set out in article 18(4) , article 27(5) , article 35(1) and article 37(7).


### 1. when implementing the measures under this directive , member states shall take into consideration the increased risk of violence faced by victims experiencing discrimination based on a combination of sex and other grounds so as to cater to their enhanced protection and support needs , as set out in article 18(4) , article 27(5) and article 37(7). ### 1. when implementing the measures under this directive , member states shall take into consideration the increased risk of violence faced by victims experiencing discrimination based on a combination of sex and other grounds , such as those referred to in article 35(1) , so as to cater to their enhanced protection and support needs , as set out in article 18(4) , article 27(5) and article 37(7).


### “violence against women” means gender-based violence , that is directed against a woman or a girl because she is a woman or a girl or that affects women or girls disproportionately , including all acts of such violence that result in , or are likely to result in , physical , sexual , psychological or economic harm or suffering , including threats of such acts , coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty , whether occurring in public or in private life; ### “violence against women” means gender-based violence or harassment , that is directed against a woman or a girl because she is a woman or a girl or that affects women or girls disproportionately , including all acts of such violence that aim at , result in , or are likely to result in , physical , sexual , psychological or economic harm or suffering , including threats of such acts , coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty , whether occurring in public or in private life and whether of a single occurrence or repeated;


### “violence against women” means gender-based violence , that is directed against a woman or a girl because she is a woman or a girl or that affects women or girls disproportionately , including all acts of such violence that result in , or are likely to result in , physical , sexual , psychological or economic harm or suffering , including threats of such acts , coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty , whether occurring in public or in private life; ### “violence against women” is understood as a violation of human rights and a form of discrimination against women and means gender-based violence , that is directed against a woman or a girl because she is a woman or a girl or that affects women or girls disproportionately , including all acts of such violence that result in , or are likely to result in , physical , sexual , psychological or economic harm or suffering , including threats of such acts , coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty , whether occurring in public or in private life;


### “domestic violence” means all acts of violence that result in , or are likely to result in , physical , sexual , psychological or economic harm or suffering , that occur within the family or domestic unit , irrespective of biological or legal family ties , or between former or current spouses or partners , whether or not the offender shares or has shared a residence with the victim; ### “domestic violence” means all acts of physical , sexual , psychological or economic violence that occur within the family or domestic unit , irrespective of biological or legal family ties , or between former or current spouses or partners , whether or not the offender shares or has shared a residence with the victim;


### “sexual harassment at work” means any form of unwanted verbal , non-verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature , where it occurs in the course of , linked with , or arising in matters of employment , occupation and self-employment , with the purpose or effect of violating the dignity of the victim , in particular when creating an intimidating , hostile , degrading , humiliating or offensive environment; ### “gender-based violence and harassment in the world of work” means any form of violence and harassment directed at persons because of their sex or gender , or affecting persons of a particular sex or gender disproportionately , in particular sexual harassment which includes any unwanted verbal , non-verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature , where it occurs in the course of , linked with , or arising in matters of jobseeking , training including interns and apprentices , employment , occupation and self-employment in both the public and private sector , with the purpose or effect of violating the dignity of the victim , in particular when creating an intimidating , hostile , degrading , humiliating or offensive environment;


### engaging with a woman in any non-consensual act of vaginal , anal or oral penetration of a sexual nature , with any bodily part or object; ### engaging with a woman in any non-consensual act of vaginal , anal or oral penetration of a sexual nature , with any bodily part or object , or engaging in any other non-consensual act of a sexual nature that is , in view of the gravity of the act , comparable to penetration.


### causing a woman to engage with another person in any non-consensual act of vaginal , anal or oral penetration of a sexual nature , with any bodily part or object. ### causing a woman to engage with another person in any non-consensual act of vaginal , anal or oral penetration of a sexual nature , with any bodily part or object , or engaging in any other non-consensual act of a sexual nature that is , in view of the gravity of the act , comparable to penetration.


### 2. member states shall ensure that a non-consensual act is understood as an act which is performed without the woman’s consent given voluntarily or where the woman is unable to form a free will due to her physical or mental condition , thereby exploiting her incapacity to form a free will , such as in a state of unconsciousness , intoxication , sleep , illness , bodily injury or disability. ### 2. member states shall ensure that a non-consensual act is understood as an act which is performed without the woman’s explicit consent given voluntarily or where the woman is unable to form and express a free will due to her physical or mental condition , thereby exploiting her incapacity to form and express a free will , such as in a state of unconsciousness , intoxication , sleep , illness , bodily injury or disability.


### 3. consent can be withdrawn at any moment during the act. the absence of consent cannot be refuted exclusively by the woman’s silence , verbal or physical non-resistance or past sexual conduct. ### 3. consent can be withdrawn at any moment during the act. the absence of consent cannot be refuted exclusively by the woman’s silence , verbal or physical non-resistance or past sexual conduct , or existing or past relationship with the offender , including marital or any other partnership status. consent shall be given for each separate act.


### 3. consent can be withdrawn at any moment during the act. the absence of consent cannot be refuted exclusively by the woman’s silence , verbal or physical non-resistance or past sexual conduct. ### 3. consent can be withdrawn at any moment during the act. the absence of consent cannot be refuted by the woman’s silence , verbal or physical non-resistance or past sexual conduct.


### making intimate images , or videos or other material depicting sexual activities , of another person without that person’s consent accessible to a multitude of end-users by means of information and communication technologies; ### sharing intimate images , or videos or other material depicting nudity or sexual activities , of another person without that person’s consent , either on a public platform or in private communications , by means of information and communication technologies;


### making intimate images , or videos or other material depicting sexual activities , of another person without that person’s consent accessible to a multitude of end-users by means of information and communication technologies; ### making intimate material or material of sexual nature , of another person without that person’s consent accessible to other end-users by means of information and communication technologies;


### producing or manipulating and subsequently making accessible to a multitude of end-users , by means of information and communication technologies , images , videos or other material , making it appear as though another person is engaged in sexual activities , without that person’s consent; ### producing or manipulating and subsequently sharing , either on a public platform or in private communications , by means of information and communication technologies , images , videos or other material , making it appear as though another person is naked or engaged in sexual activities , without that person’s consent;


### producing or manipulating and subsequently making accessible to a multitude of end-users , by means of information and communication technologies , images , videos or other material , making it appear as though another person is engaged in sexual activities , without that person’s consent; ### producing or manipulating and subsequently making accessible to other end-users , by means of information and communication technologies , intimate material or material of sexual nature , making it appear as though another person is in it , without that person’s consent;


### making material containing the personal data of another person , without that person’s consent , accessible to a multitude of end-users , by means of information and communication technologies , for the purpose of inciting those end-users to cause physical or significant psychological harm to the person. ### deleted


### initiating an attack with third parties directed at another person , by making threatening or insulting material accessible to a multitude of end-users , by means of information and communication technologies , with the effect of causing significant psychological harm to the attacked person; ### initiating an attack directed at another person by making threatening or insulting material accessible to other end-users , by means of information and communication technologies , with the effect of causing psychological harm to the attacked person;


### member states shall ensure that the intentional conduct of inciting to violence or hatred directed against a group of persons or a member of such a group defined by reference to sex or gender , by disseminating to the public material containing such incitement by means of information and communication technologies is punishable as a criminal offence. ### member states shall ensure that the intentional conduct of inciting to violence or hatred directed against a group of persons or a member of such a group defined by reference to sex , gender or sexual orientation , by disseminating to the public material containing such incitement by means of information and communication technologies is punishable as a criminal offence.


### 4. member states shall ensure that the criminal offence referred to in article 6 is punishable by a maximum penalty of at least 5 years of imprisonment and at least 7 years of imprisonment if the offence was committed under aggravating circumstances referred to in article 13. ### 4. member states shall ensure that the criminal offences referred to in article 6 and 6a are punishable by a maximum penalty of at least 5 years of imprisonment and at least 7 years of imprisonment if the offence was committed under aggravating circumstances referred to in article 13.


### 4. member states shall ensure that the criminal offence referred to in article 6 is punishable by a maximum penalty of at least 5 years of imprisonment and at least 7 years of imprisonment if the offence was committed under aggravating circumstances referred to in article 13. ### 4. member states shall ensure that the criminal offences referred to in articles 6 and 6a are punishable by a maximum penalty of at least 5 years of imprisonment and at least 7 years of imprisonment if the offence was committed under aggravating circumstances referred to in article 13.


### 4. member states shall ensure that the criminal offence referred to in article 6 is punishable by a maximum penalty of at least 5 years of imprisonment and at least 7 years of imprisonment if the offence was committed under aggravating circumstances referred to in article 13. ### 4. member states shall ensure that the criminal offence referred to in article 6 and 6a is punishable by a maximum penalty of at least 5 years of imprisonment and at least 10 years of imprisonment if the offence was committed under aggravating circumstances referred to in article 13.


### the offence was committed against a person made vulnerable by particular circumstances , such as a situation of dependence or a state of physical , mental , intellectual or sensory disability , or living in institutions; ### the offence was committed against a person made vulnerable by particular circumstances , such as older age or a situation of dependence or a state of physical , mental , intellectual or sensory disability , or living in institutions;


### the offence was committed against a person made vulnerable by particular circumstances , such as a situation of dependence or a state of physical , mental , intellectual or sensory disability , or living in institutions; ### the offence was committed against a person made vulnerable by particular circumstances , such as a situation of dependence , including with reference to residence status , or a state of physical , mental , intellectual or sensory disability , or living in institutional care facilities , including retirement homes , children´s homes , reception centres for migrants or asylum seekers and detention facilities;


### 3. member states shall take the necessary measures to provide for a limitation period for criminal offences referred to in article 6 of at least 10 years from the time when the offence was committed. ### 3. member states shall take the necessary measures to provide for a limitation period for criminal offences referred to in article 6 and 6a of at least 10 years from the time when the offence was committed.


### 3. member states shall take the necessary measures to provide for a limitation period for criminal offences referred to in article 6 of at least 10 years from the time when the offence was committed. ### 3. member states shall take the necessary measures to provide for a limitation period for criminal offences referred to in article 6 , 6a , 6b and 6c of at least 10 years from the time when the offence was committed.


### 3. member states shall take the necessary measures to provide for a limitation period for criminal offences referred to in article 6 of at least 10 years from the time when the offence was committed. ### 3. member states shall take the necessary measures to provide for a limitation period for criminal offences referred to in articles 6 and 6a of at least 10 years from the time when the offence was committed.


### 1. in addition to the rights of victims when making a complaint under article 5 of directive 2012/29/eu , member states shall ensure that victims can report criminal offences of violence against women or domestic violence to the competent authorities in an easy and accessible manner. this shall include the possibility of reporting criminal offences online or through other information and communication technologies , including the possibility to submit evidence , in particular concerning reporting of criminal offences of cyber violence. ### 1. in addition to the rights of victims when making a complaint under article 5 of directive 2012/29/eu , member states shall ensure that victims , including victims with disabilities or living in institutions , can report criminal offences of violence against women or domestic violence to the competent authorities in an easy and accessible manner. this shall include the possibility of reporting criminal offences online or through other accessible information and communication technologies , including the possibility to submit evidence , in particular concerning reporting of criminal offences of cyber violence.


### 1. in addition to the rights of victims when making a complaint under article 5 of directive 2012/29/eu , member states shall ensure that victims can report criminal offences of violence against women or domestic violence to the competent authorities in an easy and accessible manner. this shall include the possibility of reporting criminal offences online or through other information and communication technologies , including the possibility to submit evidence , in particular concerning reporting of criminal offences of cyber violence. ### 1. in addition to the rights of victims when making a complaint under article 5 of directive 2012/29/eu , member states shall ensure that victims , including those with disabilities and living in institutions , can report criminal offences of violence against women or domestic violence to the competent authorities in an easy and accessible manner. this shall include the possibility of reporting criminal offences online or through other information and communication technologies , including the possibility to submit evidence , in particular concerning reporting of criminal offences of cyber violence. this may also include the possibility of reporting criminal offences in hospitals or relevant associations.


### 1. in addition to the rights of victims when making a complaint under article 5 of directive 2012/29/eu , member states shall ensure that victims can report criminal offences of violence against women or domestic violence to the competent authorities in an easy and accessible manner. this shall include the possibility of reporting criminal offences online or through other information and communication technologies , including the possibility to submit evidence , in particular concerning reporting of criminal offences of cyber violence. ### 1. in addition to the rights of victims when making a complaint under article 5 of directive 2012/29/eu , member states shall ensure that all victims , including those referred to in article 35(1) , can report criminal offences of violence against women or domestic violence to the competent authorities in an easy , safe and accessible manner. this shall include the possibility of reporting criminal offences online or through other accessible and secure information and communication technologies , including the possibility to submit evidence , in particular concerning reporting of criminal offences of cyber violence.


### 5. member states shall ensure that the competent authorities coming in contact with a victim reporting offences of violence against women or domestic violence are prohibited from transferring personal data pertaining to the residence status of the victim to competent migration authorities , at least until completion of the first individual assessment referred to in article 18. ### 5. member states shall ensure that the competent authorities coming in contact with a victim reporting offences of violence against women or domestic violence are prohibited from transferring personal data pertaining to the residence status of the victim to competent migration authorities.


### 1. member states shall ensure that persons , units or services investigating and prosecuting violence against women or domestic violence have sufficient expertise and effective investigative tools to effectively investigate and prosecute such crimes , especially to gather , analyse and secure electronic evidence in cases of cyber violence. ### 1. member states shall ensure that persons , units or services investigating and prosecuting violence against women or domestic violence have sufficient resources , expertise and effective investigative tools to effectively investigate and prosecute such crimes , especially to gather , analyse and secure electronic evidence in cases of cyber violence.


### 2. member states shall ensure that reported offences of violence against women or domestic violence are processed and transferred without delay to the competent authorities for prosecution and investigation. ### 2. member states shall ensure that reported offences of violence against women or domestic violence are processed and transferred without delay to the competent authorities for the adoption of protection measures for the victim , investigation and prosecution.


### 3. the competent authorities shall promptly and effectively record and investigate allegations of violence against women or domestic violence and ensure that an official complaint is filed in all cases. ### 3. the competent authorities shall promptly and effectively record and investigate allegations of violence against women or domestic violence and ensure that an official complaint is filed in internal system in all cases , even when the victim does not wish to bring criminal charges at that point in time.


### 4. the assessment shall take into account the victim’s individual circumstances , including whether they experience discrimination based on a combination of sex and other grounds and therefore face a heightened risk of violence , as well as the victim’s own account and assessment of the situation. it shall be conducted in the best interest of the victim , paying special attention to the need to avoid secondary or repeated victimisation. ### 4. the assessment shall take into account the victim’s individual circumstances , including whether they experience discrimination based on a combination of sex or gender and other grounds and therefore face a heightened risk of violence , as well as the victim’s own account and assessment of the situation. it shall be conducted in the best interest of the victim , paying special attention to the need to avoid secondary or repeated victimisation.


### 4. the assessment shall take into account the victim’s individual circumstances , including whether they experience discrimination based on a combination of sex and other grounds and therefore face a heightened risk of violence , as well as the victim’s own account and assessment of the situation. it shall be conducted in the best interest of the victim , paying special attention to the need to avoid secondary or repeated victimisation. ### 4. the assessment shall take into account the victim’s individual circumstances , including whether they experience discrimination based on a combination of sex and other grounds or whether they have specific needs or face a heightened risk of violence , such as the cases referred to in article 35(1) , as well as the victim’s own account and assessment of the situation. it shall be conducted in the best interest of the victim , as well as their dependants , and paying special attention to the need to avoid secondary or repeated victimisation. the individual assesment shall also take into consideration the financial , legal , emotional , social , physical and psychological impact on the victim.


### 6. the individual assessment shall be undertaken in collaboration with all relevant competent authorities depending on the stage of the proceedings , and relevant support services , such as victim protection centres and women’s shelters , social services and healthcare professionals. ### 6. the individual assessment shall be undertaken in collaboration with all relevant competent authorities depending on the stage of the proceedings , and relevant support services , such as civil society organisations , victim protection centres and women’s shelters , social services and healthcare professionals as well as the social partners where the victim's experience occurs in the context of the world of work.


### 6. the individual assessment shall be undertaken in collaboration with all relevant competent authorities depending on the stage of the proceedings , and relevant support services , such as victim protection centres and women’s shelters , social services and healthcare professionals. ### 6. the individual assessment shall be undertaken by adequately trained professionals in collaboration with all relevant competent authorities depending on the stage of the proceedings , and relevant support services , such as victim protection centres , women´s specialist services , women’s shelters , social services , children´s specialist services , child protection or welfare services , healthcare professionals and other relevant stakeholders.


### 6. the individual assessment shall be undertaken in collaboration with all relevant competent authorities depending on the stage of the proceedings , and relevant support services , such as victim protection centres and women’s shelters , social services and healthcare professionals. ### 6. the individual assessment shall be undertaken in collaboration with all relevant competent authorities depending on the stage of the proceedings , and relevant support services , such as victim protection centres and women’s shelters and children's specialised services , social services and healthcare professionals.


### 7. competent authorities shall update the individual assessment at regular intervals to ensure the protection measures relate to the victim’s current situation. this shall include an assessment of whether protection measures , in particular under article 21 , need to be adapted or taken. ### 7. competent authorities shall update the individual assessment at regular intervals , especially in the case of changes in custody or rights of access , to ensure the protection measures relate to the victim’s current situation. this shall include an assessment of whether protection measures , in particular under article 21 , need to be adapted or taken.


### 1. if the assessments referred to in articles 18 and 19 have identified specific support or protection needs or if the victim requests support , member states shall ensure that support services contact victims to offer support. ### 1. if the assessments referred to in articles 18 and 19 have identified specific support or protection needs or if the victim requests support , member states shall ensure that specialist support services contact victims to offer support immediately , with the victim´s knowledge and considering the risks identified in the individual assessment.


### 1. if the assessments referred to in articles 18 and 19 have identified specific support or protection needs or if the victim requests support , member states shall ensure that support services contact victims to offer support. ### 1. if the assessments referred to in articles 18 and 19 have identified specific support or protection needs or if the victim requests support , member states shall ensure that specialised support services contact victims to offer support.


### 1. member states shall ensure that , in situations of immediate danger for the victim’s or their dependant’s health or safety , the competent authorities issue orders addressed at an offender or suspect of violence covered by this directive to vacate the residence of the victim or their dependants for a sufficient period of time and to prohibit the offender or suspect from entering the residence or to enter the victim’s workplace or contacting the victim or their dependants in any way. such orders shall have immediate effect and not be dependent on a victim reporting the criminal offence. ### 1. member states shall ensure that , in situations of immediate danger for the victim’s or their dependant’s health or safety , the competent authorities issue orders addressed at an offender or suspect of violence covered by this directive to vacate the residence of the victim or their dependants for a sufficient period of time and to prohibit the offender or suspect from entering the residence or to enter or contact the victim’s workplace or contacting the victim or their dependants in any way. such orders shall have immediate effect and not be dependent on a victim reporting the criminal offence.


### how to treat victims in a trauma- , gender- and child-sensitive manner; ### how to treat victims in a trauma- , gender- , disability- , and child-sensitive manner;


### how to cater to the enhanced protection and support needs of victims experiencing discrimination based on a combination of sex and other grounds; ### how to cater to the enhanced protection and support needs of victims experiencing discrimination based on a combination of sex or gender and other grounds;


### how to avoid gender stereotypes; ### how to avoid gender stereotypes and unconscious bias;


### how to refer victims to support services , to ensure the appropriate treatment of victims and handling of cases of violence against women or domestic violence. ### how to refer victims to specialist support services , to ensure the appropriate treatment of victims and handling of cases of violence against women or domestic violence.


### exchange available information with corresponding european bodies such as the european institute for gender equality. ### provide support with data collection and exchange available information with corresponding european bodies such as the european institute for gender equality.


### exchange available information with corresponding european bodies such as the european institute for gender equality. ### exchange available information with corresponding european bodies such as the european institute for gender equality and europol cybercrime center.


### 2. member states shall ensure that the bodies referred to in paragraph 1 can act on behalf or in support of one or several victims of violence against women or domestic violence in judicial proceedings , including for the application for compensation referred to in article 26 and removal of online content referred to in article 25 , with the victims’ approval. ### 2. member states shall ensure that the bodies or other specialised relevant actors referred to in paragraph 1 can act on behalf or in support of one or several victims of violence against women or domestic violence in judicial proceedings , including for the application for compensation referred to in article 26 and removal of online content referred to in article 25 , with the victims’ approval.


### 1. member states shall ensure that victims have the right to claim full compensation from offenders for damages resulting from all forms of violence against women or domestic violence. ### 1. member states shall ensure that all victims have the right to claim full compensation from offenders for damages resulting from all forms of violence against women or domestic violence. member states shall ensure that when an offender , for any reason , does not abide by the decision to pay compensation to the victim within the agreed timeframe , the state takes over this obligation and takes all appropriate actions to reclaim it from the offender.


### 4. the damage shall include costs for healthcare services , support services , rehabilitation , loss of income and other reasonable costs that have arisen as a result of the offence or to manage its consequences. the amount of the damages awarded shall also compensate for physical and psychological harm and moral prejudice. ### 4. the damage shall include costs for healthcare services , including sexual and reproductive and psychological health services , support services , rehabilitation , loss of income and other reasonable costs that have arisen as a result of the offence or to manage its consequences. the amount of the damages awarded shall also compensate for physical and/or psychological harm , social harm and moral prejudice.


### 1. member states shall ensure that specialist support services referred to in article 9(3) of directive 2012/29/eu are available for victims of acts of violence covered by this directive. the specialist support services shall provide: ### 1. member states shall ensure that free of charge , confidential , specialist support services referred to in articles 8(3) and 9(3) of directive 2012/29/eu are available for victims of acts of violence covered by this directive. member states shall ensure that the specialist support services be made available to accomodate people with disabilities. the specialist support services shall provide:


### 1. member states shall ensure that specialist support services referred to in article 9(3) of directive 2012/29/eu are available for victims of acts of violence covered by this directive. the specialist support services shall provide: ### 1. member states shall ensure that specialist support services referred to in article 9(3) of directive 2012/29/eu are available for all victims of acts of violence covered by this directive. the specialist support services shall provide , inter alia:


### advice and information on any relevant legal or practical matters arising as a result of the crime , including on access to housing , education , training and assistance to remain in or find employment; ### information , advice and support on any relevant legal or practical matters arising as a result of the crime , including on access to adequate housing , education , training and assistance to remain in or find employment. accessible housing shall be provided when needed;


### advice and information on any relevant legal or practical matters arising as a result of the crime , including on access to housing , education , training and assistance to remain in or find employment; ### advice and information on any relevant legal or practical matters arising as a result of the crime , including on access to appropriate and accessible housing , education , training and assistance to remain in or find employment;


### advice and information on any relevant legal or practical matters arising as a result of the crime , including on access to housing , education , training and assistance to remain in or find employment; ### advice , information and support on any relevant legal and/or practical matters arising as a result of the crime , such as legal and psychological counselling , consultation on safety of the victim as well as their dependants , access to appropriate and accessible housing , healthcare , education , training and assistance to remain in or find employment , options for childcare as well as financial assistance and benefits;


### 2. specialist support referred to in paragraph 1 shall be offered in-person and shall be easily accessible , including online or through other adequate means , such as information and communication technologies , tailored to the needs of victims of violence against women and domestic violence. ### 2. specialist support referred to in paragraph 1 shall be offered in-person and shall be easily accessible , including online or through other adequate means , such as information and communication technologies , tailored to the needs of victims of violence against women and domestic violence , including those with disabilities and living in institutions.


### 2. specialist support referred to in paragraph 1 shall be offered in-person and shall be easily accessible , including online or through other adequate means , such as information and communication technologies , tailored to the needs of victims of violence against women and domestic violence. ### 2. specialist support referred to in paragraph 1 shall be offered in-person and shall be easily accessible , including online or through other adequate means , such as information and communication technologies , tailored to the needs of victims of violence against women and domestic violence , including those with disabilities and living in institutional care facilities.


### 3. member states shall ensure sufficient human and financial resources to provide the services referred to in paragraph 1 , especially those referred to in point (c) of that paragraph , including where such services are provided by non-governmental organisations. ### 3. member states shall ensure sufficient human and financial resources to provide the services referred to in paragraph 1 , especially those referred to in points (a) and (c) of that paragraph , including where such services are provided by non-governmental organisations.


### 3. member states shall ensure sufficient human and financial resources to provide the services referred to in paragraph 1 , especially those referred to in point (c) of that paragraph , including where such services are provided by non-governmental organisations. ### 3. member states shall ensure that all specialist support services have sufficient human resources , with adequately trained and specialised staff as well as sufficient , predictable , and sustainable financial resources to provide the services referred to in paragraph 1 , including where such services are provided by non-governmental organisations.


### 4. member states shall provide the protection and specialist support services necessary to comprehensively address the multiple needs of victims at the same premises , or have such services coordinated through a central contact point , or through one-stop online access to such services. such combined offering of services shall include at least first hand medical care and social services , psychosocial support , legal , and police services. ### 4. member states shall provide the protection and specialist support services necessary to comprehensively address the multiple needs of victims at the same premises , or have such services coordinated through a central contact point , or through one-stop online access to such services. such combined offering of services shall include at least first hand medical care and social services , psychosocial support , legal , and police services , and be available and accessible to victims with disabilities.


### 4. member states shall provide the protection and specialist support services necessary to comprehensively address the multiple needs of victims at the same premises , or have such services coordinated through a central contact point , or through one-stop online access to such services. such combined offering of services shall include at least first hand medical care and social services , psychosocial support , legal , and police services. ### 4. member states shall provide the protection and specialist support services necessary to comprehensively address the multiple needs of victims at the same premises , or have such services coordinated through a central contact point , or through one-stop online access to such services , and that clear referral pathways are established across all kinds of support as well as medical services. such combined offering of services shall include at least first hand medical care and social services , psychosocial support , legal , and police services. when planning the organisation of specialist support services , member states shall take into account the structures and combinations of the existing specialised support services provided by non-governmental organisations and types of specialised support services offered by them.


### 5. member states shall issue guidelines and protocols for healthcare and social service professionals on identifying and providing appropriate support to victims of all forms of violence against women and domestic violence , including on referring victims to the relevant support services. such guidelines and protocols shall also indicate how to address the specific needs of victims who are at an increased risk of such violence as a result of their experiencing discrimination based on a combination of sex and other grounds of discrimination. ### 5. member states shall issue guidelines and protocols for healthcare and social service professionals and the social partners on identifying and providing appropriate support to victims of all forms of violence against women and domestic violence , including on referring victims to the relevant support services. such guidelines and protocols shall also indicate how to address the specific needs of victims who are at an increased risk of such violence as a result of their experiencing intersectional discrimination based on a combination of sex or gender and other grounds of discrimination.