### 1. recalls the potential that ai has to deliver innovative services to businesses , consumers and the public sector; underlines that the development and use of ai in the internal market will depend on a balanced and effective system of intellectual property rights (iprs); ### 1. recalls the potential that ai has to deliver innovative services to businesses , consumers and the public sector; stresses the key role that ai technologies can play in the digitisation of the economy in many sectors , such as industry , healthcare , construction and transport , leading to new business models; highlights that the union must actively embrace developments in this area to advance the digital single market; underlines that the development and use of ai in the internal market will depend on a balanced and effective system of intellectual property rights (iprs);


### 1. recalls the potential that ai has to deliver innovative services to businesses , consumers and the public sector; underlines that the development and use of ai in the internal market will depend on a balanced and effective system of intellectual property rights (iprs); ### 1. recalls the potential that ai has to deliver innovative services to businesses , consumers and the public sector; underlines that the development and use of ai in the internal market will benefit from a balanced and effective system of intellectual property rights (iprs);


### 1. recalls that artificial intelligence (ai) should serve humanity and that its benefits should be widely shared; stresses that , in the long-term , ai may surpass human intellectual capacity; stresses the need therefore to establish safeguards such as human control and verification of ai decision-making; ### 1. recalls that artificial intelligence (ai) should serve humanity and that its benefits should be widely shared; stresses that , in the long-term , ai may surpass human intellectual capacity; stresses the need therefore to establish safeguards such as regular human control and verification of ai decision-making;


### 2. highlights the fact that the development of ai technologies in the transport sector has the potential to bring considerable economic , societal , environmental and safety benefits; ### 2. highlights the fact that the development of ai technologies in the transport sector will bring innovation , research , creation of new jobs , mobilisation of investment , employment , economic , societal , environmental and safety benefits that can make the sector more attractive to new generations


### 2. stresses that the eu should play an essential role in laying down basic principles on the development , programming and use of ai , notably in its regulations and codes of conduct; ### 2. stresses that the eu should play an essential role in laying down basic principles on the development , programming and use of ai , notably in its regulations and codes of conduct , and in setting out a coordinated approach to deployment of artificial intelligence among its member states;


### 3. affirms that defining the appropriate legal framework for intellectual property rights for ai and connectivity innovations , as well as for access to and security of data will be key in the development and smooth and wide dissemination of ai technologies in transport; ### 3. affirms that defining the appropriate legal framework at eu level for intellectual property rights for ai and connectivity innovations , as well as for access to and security of data will be key in the development and smooth and wide dissemination of ai technologies in transport and for the creation of confidence and legal certainty in the sector;


### 3. recalls that ai cannot only perform activities which used to be exclusively human , but that it can also acquire and develop autonomous and cognitive features , through experience learning; stresses that ai systems can autonomously create and generate cultural and creative works , with only minimum human input; notes , moreover , that ai systems can evolve in an unpredictable way , by creating original works unknown to their initial programmers; ### 3. recalls that ai cannot only perform activities which used to be exclusively human , but that it can also acquire and develop autonomous and cognitive features , through experience learning; stresses that ai systems can autonomously create and generate cultural and creative works , with only minimum human input; notes , moreover , that ai systems can evolve in an unpredictable way , by creating original works unknown to their initial programmers; reiterates , nevertheless , that in the field of culture , artificial intelligence should assist and not replace the creative human mind;


### 4. considers that ip protection strategies will constantly evolve over time as ai evolves , and that it will be necessary to take account of issues such as flexible copyright , patent protection or even trade secrets rules , and to consider what route will provide innovators with the broadest and most robust means of ip protection; ### 4. considers that ip protection strategies will constantly evolve over time as ai evolves , and that it will be necessary to take account of issues such as flexible copyright , patent protection or even trade secrets rules , and to consider what route will provide innovators with the broadest and most robust means of ip protection that combine legal certainty and encourage new investment in private enterprises , universities , smes , clusters using public-private collaboration to support for research and development;


### 5. expresses concern about the vacuum left between ipr and the development of ai , which could make cultural and creative industries vulnerable to ai-generated copyright-protected works; calls on the commission to support a horizontal and technologically neutral approach to ipr applicable to ai-generated works; ### 5. expresses concern about the vacuum left between ipr and the development of ai , which could make cultural and creative industries and education sectors vulnerable to ai-generated copyright-protected works , and is concerned about possible infringement of intellectual property; calls on the commission to support a horizontal and technologically neutral approach to ipr applicable to ai-generated works;


### 6. notes that the current fragmented legal framework of ip rights represents an obstacle for the development of ai technologies in transport; calls on the commission , therefore , to evaluate the fitness of its intellectual property regime for the development of ai technologies and to put forward the legislative proposals it finds necessary; ### 6. notes that the current fragmented legal framework of ip rights represents an obstacle for the development of ai technologies and calls the commission to review the current legislation and to put forward the legislative proposals it finds necessary in order to have a more transparent system and avoid fragmentation at european level by jeopardising the internal market;


### 6. emphasises the need to address the issue of liability for copyright infringements made by ai systems , as well as the issue of data ownership. ### 6. emphasises that artificial intelligence can also be an effective tool for detecting and reporting the presence of copyright-protected content online; emphasises too the need to address the issue of liability for copyright infringements made by ai systems , as well as the issue of data ownership.


### 7. calls on the commission to evaluate the possibility and relevance for companies of obtaining patents based on software or algorithms with a view to ensuring both the protection of innovation and the need for transparency required for trustworthy ai; ### 7. calls on the commission to evaluate the possibility and relevance for companies of obtaining patents based on software or algorithms with a view to ensuring both the protection of innovation and the need for transparency required for trustworthy ai; stresses the need of maintaining a level playing field between these companies , as well as the importance of remaining consistent with competition law. stresses the importance of addressing the ai and ip in the transport sector , in full compliance with the principle of technological neutrality;


### 7. points out that mathematical methods are excluded from patentability unless they constitute inventions of a technical nature , which are then patentable if the applicable criteria relating to inventions are met; points out , further , that if a claim relates either to a method involving technical means or to a device , its purpose , considered as a whole , is technical in nature and it is therefore not excluded from patentability; consequently , notes that innovations in ai are patentable if the criteria relating to inventions are met; ### 7. points out that mathematical methods are excluded from patentability , unless they are used for a technical purpose in the context of technical inventions , which are then patentable if the applicable criteria relating to inventions are met; points out , further , that if a claim relates either to a method involving technical means or to a device , its purpose , considered as a whole , is technical in nature and it is therefore not excluded from patentability; consequently , notes that innovations in ai are patentable if the criteria relating to inventions are met;


### 8. is fully aware that progress in ai will have to be paired with major improvements in connectivity in order to come to full fruition; takes note of the intensive patenting activity taking place in the transport sector when it comes to ai; expresses its concern that this may result in massive litigation that will be detrimental to the industry as a whole; ### 8. is fully aware that progress in ai will have to be paired with public investment in infrastructure , training in digital skills , major improvements in connectivity in order to come to full fruition; takes note of the intensive patenting activity taking place in the transport sector when it comes to ai; expresses its concern that this may result in massive litigation that will be detrimental to the industry as a whole if we do not legislate urgently at european level;


### 12. calls on the commission to address the question of data and intellectual property protection; ### 12. calls on the commission to address urgently the legislative proposals of data and intellectual property protection;


### 14. calls on the commission to pay special attention to access for smes to data that could boost their activity; ### 14. calls on the commission to pay special attention to access for smes and clusters to data that could boost their activity as well as to technology centres and universities to promote their research programmes;


### j. whereas ai technologies , as computer programs , cannot be patented , except under article 52(3) of the european patent convention; ### j. whereas ai technologies may be protected by patents , except in the case of computer programs or mathematical methods claimed as such , article 52(3) of the european patent convention;


### 1. recalls that it follows from directive (eu) 2018/958 that humans must always bear ultimate responsibility for decision-making that involves risks to the achievement of public interest objectives; ### 1. recalls that ai should be a human-centric technology and that humans must always bear ultimate responsibility for decision-making that involves risks to the achievement of public interest objectives; stresses that machines should not be enabled to harm the physical integrity of human beings nor to confer rights or impose legal obligations on individuals; welcomes international efforts to ban lethal autonomous weapon systems without meaningful human control and calls upon the commission to be in the lead to support these efforts;


### 1. considers that artificial intelligence can be defined as a set of methods and procedures that enable technical systems to perceive their environment , deal with what is perceived and solve problems independently , take decisions , act and learn from the consequences of such decisions and actions; ### deleted


### 2. underlines that the eu should act as a global ai norm-setter in the areas of civil and military use and of state authority , with an effective strategy aimed at strengthening its influence on shaping global standards; calls on the commission and the member states to advocate for broader cooperation within the un , oecd , g7 , g20 and other international fora in order to promote the eu approach to ai , emphasising the fundamental rights , freedoms and values that are enshrined in the eu treaties , the charter of fundamental rights of the european union and international human rights law; ### 2. underlines that the eu should act as a global ai norm-setter in the areas of civil and military use and of state authority , with an effective strategy aimed at strengthening its influence on shaping global standards; calls on the commission and the member states to advocate for broader cooperation within the un , oecd , g7 , g20 and other international fora in order to promote the eu approach to ai , emphasising the fundamental rights , freedoms and values that are enshrined in the eu treaties , the charter of fundamental rights of the european union and international human rights law; with the increasing importance of research and development in the private sector , and massive investments from third countries such as the united states and china , europe is facing competition and is , simultaneously , at risk of losing its strategic autonomy;


### 2. stresses that the use , creation and management of artificial intelligence must respect the fundamental rights , values and freedoms expressed in the eu treaties and in the idea underpinning the creation of the european union; welcomes the publication of the commission's white paper on artificial intelligence and encourages deeper research into the use of artificial intelligence by state authorities; stresses that the european union must contribute to the creation of an international legal framework for the use of ai , especially in the context of building the strategic advantage that ai can offer; ### 2. stresses that the use , creation and management of artificial intelligence must respect the fundamental rights , values and freedoms expressed in the eu treaties and in the idea underpinning the creation of the european union; welcomes the publication of the commission's white paper on artificial intelligence and encourages deeper research into the use of artificial intelligence by state authorities and restraint by all member states before deploying artificial intelligence systems that can pose threats to fundamental rights in the public sector; stresses that the european union must contribute to the creation of an international legal framework for the use of ai , especially in the context of building the strategic advantage that ai can offer;


### 2. considers that all military uses of ai must be subject to human control , so that , in particular , a human has the opportunity to correct or halt them at any time , and to disable them in the event of unforeseen behaviour; ### 2. insists that all military uses of ai must be subject to a meaningful human control , so that , in particular , a human has the opportunity to correct or halt them at any time , and to disable them in the event of unforeseen behaviour;


### 3. notes that artificial intelligence has great potential in the fight against crime , online terrorist content and cybercrime; considers that , in each of these cases , there must be certainty that its use does not lead to the unjustified deletion or blocking of content and thus to the censorship of or discrimination against views expressed online; ### 3. notes that artificial intelligence has the potential to help in the fight against crime , online terrorist content and cybercrime; considers that , in each of these cases , there must be certainty that its use does not lead to abuse , discrimination , violation of fundamental rights or the unjustified deletion or blocking of content and thus to the censorship of or discrimination against views expressed online;


### 3. considers in particular that ai-enabled systems must abide by the principles of the martens clause , and must never breach or be permitted to breach the dictates of the public conscience and humanity; considers that this is the ultimate test for the admissibility of an ai-enabled system in warfare; calls on the ai research community to integrate this principle in all ai-enabled systems intended to be used in warfare; considers that no authority can issue a derogation from those principles or certify an ai-enabled system; ### 3. considers in particular that the use of ai-enabled systems in armed conflicts must , as provided by the martens clause , abide by the general principles of ihl and must never breach or be permitted to breach the dictates of the public conscience and humanity; considers that this clause should guide the admissibility of an ai-enabled system in warfare; calls on the ai research community to integrate this principle in all ai-enabled systems intended to be used in warfare; considers that no authority can issue a derogation from those principles or certify an ai-enabled system;


### 4. recalls the benefits of the european rail traffic management system (ertms) , a seamless automatic train protection system replacing incompatible national ones , as regards reliability , capacity , costs , safety , speed and maintenance; supports its full deployment and its continuous establishment as a global automatic train protection (atp) system; ### 4. points out that the railway transport has been one of the first sectors to rely on ai since its emergence; recalls the benefits of the european rail traffic management system (ertms) , a seamless automatic train protection system replacing incompatible national ones , as regards reliability , capacity , costs , safety , speed and maintenance; supports its full deployment and its continuous establishment as a global automatic train protection (atp) system; notes the work of the shift2rail joint undertaking;


### 4. stresses that all operations undertaken by artificial intelligence must always remain under human supervision; stresses that artificial intelligence in the justice system should be used to improve the analysis and collection of data and the protection of victims , but that it is no substitute for human beings in terms of sentencing or decision-making; ### 4. stresses that all operations undertaken by artificial intelligence must always remain under human supervision; stresses that artificial intelligence in the justice system is no substitute for human beings in terms of sentencing or decision-making; advises utmost caution and strict civilian control in the use of artificial intelligence in making or informing decisions related to fundamental rights and liberties;


### 4. stresses that states , parties to a conflict and individuals , when employing ai-enabled systems in warfare , must at all times adhere to their obligations under the applicable international law and remain accountable for actions resulting from the use of such systems; recalls that ai machines can under no circumstances be held accountable for intended , unintended or undesirable effects caused by ai-enabled systems on the battlefield; ### 4. stresses that states , parties to a conflict and individuals , when employing ai-enabled systems in warfare , must at all times adhere to their obligations under the applicable international law and remain accountable for actions resulting from the use of such systems; recalls that ai machines can under no circumstances be held accountable for intended , unintended or undesirable effects caused by ai-enabled systems on the battlefield and that accountability must always rest with a human. no ai-powered system , military or otherwise , under no circumstance whatsoever , should be permitted to automatically decide to end a human life;


### 6. stresses the need for robust testing and evaluation systems based on norms to ensure that during the entire lifecycle of ai-enabled systems in the military domain , in particular during the phases of human-machine interaction , machine learning and adjusting and adapting to new circumstances , the systems do not go beyond the intended limits and will at all times comply with the applicable international law; ### 6. stresses the need for robust testing and evaluation systems based on norms to ensure that during the entire lifecycle of ai-enabled systems in the military domain , in particular during the phases of human-machine interaction , machine learning and adjusting and adapting to new circumstances , the systems do not go beyond the intended limits and must be used at all times in compliance with the applicable international law;


### 7. highlights that any ai-enabled system used in the military domain must , as a minimum set of requirements , be able to distinguish between combatants and non-combatants on the battlefield , not have indiscriminate effects , not cause unnecessary suffering to persons , not be biased or be trained on biased data , and be in compliance with the ihl principles of military necessity , proportionality in the use of force and precaution prior to engagement; ### 7. highlights that any ai-enabled system used in the military domain must , as a minimum set of requirements , be able to distinguish between combatants and non-combatants on the battlefield , not have indiscriminate effects , not cause unnecessary suffering to persons , not be biased or be trained on biased data , and be in compliance with the ihl general principles of military necessity and humanity , and the implementing principles of proportionality in the use of force and precaution prior to engagement;


### 8. recalls the current comprehensive discussions in the international maritime organization on integrating new and emerging technologies , such as autonomous ships , in the regulatory framework; ### 8. points out that the global shipping industry has greatly changed thanks to ai integration in the most recent years; recalls the current comprehensive discussions in the international maritime organization on integrating new and emerging technologies , such as autonomous ships , in the regulatory framework;


### 8. stresses that in the use of ai-enabled systems in security and defence , full situational understanding of the operator , ability to detect possible changes in circumstances and ability to discontinue an attack are needed to ensure that ihl principles , in particular distinction , proportionality and precaution in attack , are fully applied across the entire chain of command and control; stresses that ai-enabled systems must allow the military leadership to assume its full responsibility at all times; ### 8. stresses that in the use of ai-enabled systems in security and defence , comprehensive situational understanding of the operator , ability to detect possible changes in circumstances and ability to discontinue an attack are needed to ensure that ihl principles , in particular distinction , proportionality and precaution in attack , are fully applied across the entire chain of command and control; stresses that ai-enabled systems must allow the military leadership to assume its full responsibility throughout each of their uses;


### 9. stresses how intelligent transport systems mitigate traffic congestion and contribute to improving efficiency and mobility solutions; draws attention to the increased exposure of traditional transport networks to cyber threats; ### 9. stresses how intelligent transport systems mitigate traffic congestion and contribute to improving efficiency and mobility solutions; draws attention to the increased exposure of traditional transport networks to cyber threats; welcomes the commission’ s intention to include cybersecurity as a regular agenda item for discussion within transport related international organisations;


### 9. considers that laws are lawful only if subject to control sufficiently strict to enable a human to take over command at any time , and that systems without any human control (‘human out of the loop’) must be banned; ### 9. considers that laws are lawful only if subject to control sufficiently strict to enable a human to take over command at any time , and that systems without any human control (‘human out of the loop’) and human oversight must be banned with no exceptions and under all circumstances;


### 10. calls on the hr/vp , in the framework of the ongoing discussions on the international regulation of lethal autonomous weapon systems by states parties to the convention on prohibitions or restrictions on the use of certain conventional weapons (ccw) , to help streamline the global debate on core issues and definitions where consensus has not been reached , in particular as regards concepts and characteristics of ai-enabled lethal autonomous weapons and their functions in the identification , selection and engagement of a target , application of the concept of human responsibility in the use of ai-enabled systems in defence , and the degree of human/machine interaction , including the concept of human control and judgment , during the different stages of the lifecycle of an ai-enabled weapon. ### 10. calls on the hr/vp , in the framework of the ongoing discussions on the international regulation of lethal autonomous weapon systems by states parties to the convention on prohibitions or restrictions on the use of certain conventional weapons (ccw) , to remain engaged and help streamline the global debate on core issues and definitions where consensus has not been reached , in particular as regards concepts and characteristics of ai-enabled lethal autonomous weapons and their functions in the identification , selection and engagement of a target , application of the concept of human responsibility in the use of ai-enabled systems in defence , and the degree of human/machine interaction , including the concept of human control and judgment , during the different stages of the lifecycle of an ai-enabled weapon.


### 14. recalls that the purpose of the european defence fund (edf) is to finance military research projects conducive to innovation , especially those implementing ai , even when they concern laws; ### 14. recalls that the purpose of the european defence fund (edf) is to finance military research projects conducive to innovation , especially those implementing ai;


### 15. suggests that the edf remind the companies whose projects it finances and the states concerned that its funding does not absolve them of the responsibility to pay scrupulous attention to ensuring that any future military uses of the ai involved in these projects comply with the principles set out in paragraphs 2 to 13 of this report; ### 15. welcomes the fact that the use , the development or the production of lethal autonomous weapons without meaningful human control is not eligible for funding under the edf; remind the companies whose projects it finances and the states concerned that its funding does not absolve them of the responsibility to pay scrupulous attention to ensuring that any future military uses of the ai involved in these projects comply with the principles set out in the charter of fundamental rights of the european union and paragraphs 2 to 13 of this report;


### state authority: examples from the areas of health and justice ### state authority: examples from civil areas


### 16. stresses that member states must ensure that the possession of highly sophisticated ai technologies by powerful private groups does result in the authority of the state being challenged , let alone usurped , by a private authority; ### 16. stresses that member states must ensure that the possession of highly sophisticated ai technologies does not result in the authority of the state being challenged;


### 18. takes the view that persons who have been the subject of a decision taken by a public authority based solely or largely on the output from an ai system should be informed thereof and should receive the information referred to in the preceding paragraph without delay; ### 18. takes the view that persons who have been the subject of a decision taken by a public authority based solely or largely on the output from an ai system should be informed thereof , should receive the information referred to in the preceding paragraph without delay and be offered the possibility of contesting that decision;


### 22. notes that ai is increasingly being used in the field of justice , to enable judges to take decisions which are more rational and more in keeping with the law in force and to do so more quickly; ### 22. notes that ai is increasingly being used in the field of justice , to help judges to take decisions; insists , however , that the final decision must always lie with a human and be subject to strict human verification and due process;


### 26. stresses that the circulation of autonomous vehicles in the european area , which is liable to give rise to a particularly high number of disputes under international private law , must be the subject of specific european rules stipulating the legal regime applicable in the event of transboundary damage; ### 26. stresses that the circulation of autonomous vehicles in the european union , which is liable to give rise to a particularly high number of disputes under international private law , must be the subject of specific european rules stipulating the legal regime applicable in the event of transboundary damage;


### 27. recalls that ai is a scientific advance which must not undermine the law , but must on the contrary always be governed by it — in the european union by the law emanating from its institutions and its member states — and that under no circumstances must the power of algorithms lead to democracy and the rule of law being flouted , a principle which has guided the drafting of this report; ### 27. recalls that ai is a scientific advance which must not undermine the law , but must on the contrary always be governed by it — in the european union by the law emanating from its institutions and its member states — and that under no circumstances must the power of algorithms lead to fundamental rights democracy and the rule of law being flouted , a principle which has guided the drafting of this report;


### 2. notes that the eu approach to digitisation should be human-centred , value-oriented and based on the concept of the social market economy; underlines that choosing a third path to digitisation should not mean that the eu becomes protectionist; stresses , therefore , that every non-eu player should still be welcome to operate in the single european data space as long as they meet the eu’s ethical , technological , privacy and security standards; ### 2. notes that the eu approach to digitisation should be human-centred , value-oriented and based on the concept of the social market economy without supporting national protectionism; stresses , therefore , that third-country market participants should be able to operate in the single european data space as long as they meet the eu’s ethical , technological , privacy and security standards; stresses in this respect the necessity to create a level-playing field between eu and third-country market players;


### 3. recalls that the processing of personal data , including its transfer , must always comply with union data protection acquis; emphasises , in this respect , the need to draw clear boundaries between the treatment of personal and of non-personal data in the data spaces outlined by the commission , especially in the case of smart connected products; recalls , in this context , that data sets in which different types of data are inextricably linked , are always treated as personal data; ### 3. recalls that the processing of personal data , including its transfer , must always comply with union data protection acquis; emphasises , in this respect , the need to draw clear boundaries between the treatment of personal and of non-personal data in the data spaces outlined by the commission , especially in the case of smart connected products; recalls , in this context , that data sets in which different types of data are inextricably linked , are always treated as personal data; stresses that , in such instances , citizens should be systemically enabled to benefit from their co-generation of personal data and their ownership of such data should be automatically protected;


### 3. believes that the new strategy should be implemented by means of a principle-based and innovation-friendly eu legal framework , which should be proportionate and avoid unnecessary administrative burdens for small to medium-sized enterprises (smes) and start-ups , and should be combined with concrete measures , guidance , private-public codes of conduct and programmes , strong investments , and , if necessary , new sector-specific laws; ### 3. believes that the new strategy should be implemented by means of a principle-based and innovation-friendly eu legal framework , which should be proportionate and seek to lower unnecessary administrative burdens , where they exist , for small to medium-sized enterprises (smes) and start-ups , and should be combined with concrete measures , guidance , private-public codes of conduct and programmes , strong investments , and , if necessary , new sector-specific laws;


### 4. stresses that data spaces for public administrations , specifically data use for improving law enforcement in the eu , must fully respect eu law , including the principle of proportionality and data protection and privacy rules; ### 4. stresses that data spaces for public administrations , specifically data use for improving law enforcement in the eu , must fully respect eu law , including the principle of proportionality and data protection and privacy rules; ; underlines that , for public authorities , the use of personal data and artificial intelligence should be allowed only with strict democratic oversight and with additional safeguards against their misuse;


### 4. urges the commission , prior to any initiatives , to perform an in-depth evaluation and mapping of the existing legislation to assess whether adjustments or additional requirements are needed to support the eu data industry and safeguard fair competition for all affected actors and to avoid legal overlaps with potential upcoming legislation to implement the data strategy; ### 4. urges the commission , prior to any legislative initiative , to perform an in-depth evaluation and mapping of the existing legislation to assess whether adjustments or additional requirements are needed to support the eu data industry and safeguard fair competition for all affected actors and to avoid legal overlaps with potential upcoming legislation implementing the data strategy;


### 5. stresses the key importance of fostering access to data for eu businesses , especially for smes and start-ups; considers that voluntary data sharing between businesses based on fair and transparent contractual arrangements , triggered by incentives in the form of subsidies and tax breaks , would help to achieve this goal; ### 5. stresses the key importance of fostering access to data for eu businesses , especially for smes and start-ups; considers that voluntary data sharing between businesses based on fair and transparent contractual arrangements would help to achieve this goal; believes that the new data strategy must aim at increased data sharing in the eu and at encouraging investment in data sharing projects , including through balanced public-private partnerships;


### 6. states that fair , simple , intelligible , secure , interoperable and affordable voluntary data sharing agreements between companies from the same supply chain and different sectors , that either monetise the participation of data providers or enable ‘give and take’ schemes , will further accelerate the development of the eu data economy; ### 6. states that fair , simple , intelligible , secure , interoperable and affordable voluntary data sharing agreements between companies from the same supply chain and different sectors , that either monetise the participation of data providers or enable ‘give and take’ schemes , will further accelerate the development of the eu data economy; calls on the commission to further reflect on the concept of data value , as well as to better define and lay down the scope of "data altruism";


### 7. welcomes the council conclusions of october 2020 on the development of a union-wide framework for secure public electronic identification (e-id); strongly believes that a framework of this type would allow for the safer cross-border provision of services that require personal identification. ### 7. welcomes the council conclusions of october 2020 on the development of a union-wide framework for secure public electronic identification (e-id); strongly believes that a framework of this type would allow for the safer cross-border provision of services that require personal identification; calls on the commission to expand on this framework , with the aim of providing european citizens with the proper tools to benefit from and exploit their personal data;


### 7. calls on the commission to assess the possibility of defining fair contractual conditions with the aim of addressing imbalances in market power; underlines that a single european data space will require companies to be allowed to closely cooperate with each other , and therefore considers that safe harbours and block exemptions on cooperation for data sharing and pooling , as well as more guidance for businesses on competition law matters from the commission , are needed; ### 7. calls on the commission to assess the possibility of defining fair contractual conditions with the aim of addressing imbalances in market power; underlines that a single european data space will require companies to be allowed to closely cooperate with each other , and therefore considers that safe harbours and block exemptions on cooperation for data sharing and pooling , as well as more guidance for businesses on competition law matters from the commission , are needed; expects the upcoming digital markets act proposal of the commission to address those issues; furthermore , stresses the need for the commission to monitor any market failures and to take adequate action , if and where necessary , including to consider using mandatory access to data as a remedy;


### 8. recommends further strengthening interoperability and establishing consensus-based , industry-led common standards in order to guarantee that the movement of data between different machines and entities can take place in an innovative manner; ### 8. recommends further strengthening interoperability and establishing consensus-based , industry-led common standards in order to guarantee that the movement of data between different machines and entities can take place in an innovative manner; calls on the member states to ensure access to public information and high-quality data held by public authorities , notably in the area of justice , without prejudice to the regulation on general data protection and the eprivacy directive;


### 11. believes that the existing liability principles and technology-neutral liability rules are already fit for the digital economy and most emerging technologies; states that there are nevertheless some cases , such as those concerning operators of ai systems , where new liability rules are necessary to provide the affected persons with adequate compensation; ### 11. believes that although existing liability regimes might , in general , be fit for the digital age , there are certain areas , such as the area of artificial intelligence and similar technologies , where new or additional liability rules might be necessary , in order to enhance legal certainty and to provide for an adequate compensation scheme for the legitimate use of data;


### 12. stresses that the implementation of the european data strategy must strike a balance between promoting the wider use and sharing of data and protecting intellectual property rights (ipr) , privacy and trade secrets; ### 12. stresses that the implementation of the european data strategy must strike a balance between promoting the wider use and sharing of data and protecting intellectual property rights (ipr) , privacy and trade secrets; underlines that data used for the training of ai algorithms sometimes relies on structured data such as databases , copyright-protected works and other creations enjoying ip protection which may not usually be considered as data;


### 13. is of the belief that the data-driven digital economy does not require major changes to the existing ipr framework and thus notes that the commission should carefully assess what legal adjustments are really necessary; welcomes , in this regard , the commission’s intention to revise the database directive and clarify the application of the trade secrets directive; ### 13. calls for prior impact assessments to be conducted in the context of new digital technologies prior to new legislative proposals or proposed changes to existing legislation; welcomes the commission’s intention to revise the database directive and to possibly further clarify the application of the directive on the protection of trade secrets;


### 14. calls on the commission to assess to what extent the application of foreign jurisdictions’ legislation , such as the us cloud act , might lead to legal uncertainty and disadvantages for union residents and businesses and whether any action is needed in this regard. ### 14. calls on the commission to assess to what extent the application of foreign jurisdictions’ legislation , such as the us cloud act or 2017 china’s national intelligence law , might lead to legal uncertainty and disadvantages for union residents and businesses and whether any action is needed in this regard.


### 1. underlines the importance of an eu regulatory framework being applicable where consumers within the union are users of or subject to an algorithmic system , irrespective of the place of establishment of the entities that develop , sell or employ the system; ### 1. underlines the importance of an eu regulatory framework of ethical aspects being applicable where consumers within the union are users of or subject to an algorithmic system , irrespective of the place of establishment of the entities that develop , sell or employ the system;


### 1. underlines the importance of an eu regulatory framework being applicable where consumers within the union are users of or subject to an algorithmic system , irrespective of the place of establishment of the entities that develop , sell or employ the system; ### 1. underlines the importance of an eu regulatory framework being applicable where consumers within the union are directed towards or targeted by an algorithmic system , irrespective of the place of establishment of the entities that develop , sell or employ the system;


### 1. declares that the development , deployment and use of artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies , including but not exclusively by human beings , should always respect human agency and oversight , as well as allow the retrieval of human control at any time; ### 1. declares that the development , deployment and use of high-risk artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies , including but not exclusively by human beings , should always respect human agency and oversight , as well as allow the retrieval of human control at any time;


### 2. notes that the framework should apply to algorithmic systems , including the fields of artificial intelligence , machine learning , deep learning , automated decision making processes and robotics; ### 2. notes that the framework should apply to algorithmic systems , including the fields of artificial intelligence , machine learning , deep learning , automated and assisted decision making processes and robotics;


### 2. stresses the need to develop criteria for the use of ai in education , media and creative sectors , by developing benchmarks for ethically responsible and accepted uses of ai technologies in these areas; underlines that these criteria must be constantly adjusted to the progress in ai technologies; ### 2. stresses the need to develop criteria for the use of ai in education , media and creative sectors , by developing benchmarks for ethically responsible and accepted uses of ai technologies in these areas , including a clear liability regime for products resulting from ai use; underlines that these criteria must be constantly adjusted to the progress in ai technologies;


### 2. considers that the determination of whether artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies are to be considered high-risk as regards compliance with ethical principles should always follow from an impartial , regulated and external assessment; ### deleted


### a. whereas artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies with the potential to directly impact all aspects of our societies , including basic social and economic principles and values , are being developed very quickly; ### a. whereas artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies with the potential to generate opportunities for business and citizens while directly impact all aspects of our societies are being developed very quickly;


### 3. notices that ai personalised learning systems are increasingly being deployed in schools and universities , which is changing the role of teachers in the learning process to one more of facilitation; stresses that this shift should be reflected in curricula; ### 3. notices that ai personalised learning systems are increasingly being deployed in schools and universities , which is changing the role of teachers in the learning process by individualising monitoring and teaching; stresses that this shift should be reflected in school curricula , as well as in teacher training; recalls that ai should always be a support and not a replacement for the education provided by teachers;


### 3. maintains that artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies , including the software , algorithms and data used or produced by such technologies should be developed in a secure , technically rigorous manner and in good faith; ### 3. maintains that high-risk technologies , including the software , algorithms and data used or produced by such technologies should be developed in a legal , secure and technically robust manner;


### 4. underlines that explainability is essential to ensuring that citizens trust these technologies , even if the degree of explainability is relative to the complexity of the technologies , and that it should be complemented by auditability and traceability; ### 4. underlines that transparency and explainability are essential to ensure citizens’ trust in these technologies , even if the degree of explainability is relative to the complexity of the technologies , and that it should be complemented by auditability and traceability; considers that the respect of these principles is a precondition to guarantee accountability;


### 5. emphasises that education should empower citizens to develop new forms of critical thinking , including ‘algorithm awareness’ and the ability to reflect on the impact of ai on information , knowledge , and decision-making; ### 5. emphasises that education should empower citizens to develop new forms of critical thinking , including ‘algorithm awareness’ , an understanding of the functioning of ai and its inherent biases , and the ability to reflect on the impact of ai on information , knowledge , and decision-making;


### 5. recalls that the development , deployment and use of artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies , including the software , algorithms and data used or produced by such technologies , should respect human dignity and ensure equal treatment for all; ### 5. is concerned by the risks of biases and discrimination in the development , deployment and use of high-risk artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies , including the software , algorithms and data used or produced by such technologies; recalls that , in all circumstances , they should respect human dignity and ensure equal treatment for all;


### 6. emphasises the importance for transparency and accountability of algorithms used by media streaming companies , in order to ensure access to culturally and linguistically diverse content; stresses that such algorithms should be designed in such a way that they do not privilege specific works by limiting their ‘personalised’ suggestions to the most popular works; ### 6. emphasises the importance for transparency and accountability of algorithms used by media streaming companies , in order to ensure access to culturally and linguistically diverse content; believes that every user should be properly informed when an algorithm is used to recommend content and optimise his or her choices; stresses that such algorithms should be designed in such a way that they do not privilege specific works by limiting their ‘personalised’ suggestions to the most popular works; considers that any user should also be able to disable content recommendation by ai;


### 6. affirms that possible bias in and discrimination by software , algorithms and data should be addressed by setting rules for the processes through which they are designed and used , as this approach would have the potential to turn software , algorithms and data into a considerable counterbalance to bias and discrimination , and a positive force for social change; ### 6. considers that possible bias in and discrimination by software and algorithms could be addressed by setting rules on data processing; points out also that the use of ai , robotics and related technologies has the potential to fight discrimination in certain situation;


### 7. emphasises that socially responsible artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies should safeguard and promote fundamental values of our society such as democracy , diverse and independent media and objective and freely available information , health and economic prosperity , equality of opportunity , workers’ and social rights , quality education , cultural and linguistic diversity , gender balance , digital literacy , innovation and creativity; ### 7. emphasises that socially responsible artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies should aim at safeguarding and promoting fundamental values of our society such as democracy , diverse and independent media and objective and freely available information , health and economic prosperity , equality of opportunity , workers’ and social rights , quality education , cultural and linguistic diversity , gender balance , digital literacy , innovation and creativity;


### (28) the development , deployment and use of artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies , including the software , algorithms and data used or produced by such technologies , should take into consideration their environmental footprint and should not cause harm to the environment during their lifecycle and across their entire supply chain. accordingly , such technologies should be developed , deployed and used in an environmentally friendly manner that supports the achievement of climate neutrality and circular economy goals. ### (28) where applicable , the development , deployment and use of artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies , including the software , algorithms and data used or produced by such technologies , should take into consideration their environmental footprint and should not cause harm to the environment during their lifecycle and across their entire supply chain. accordingly , such technologies should be developed , deployed and used in an environmentally friendly manner that supports the achievement of climate neutrality and circular economy goals.


### (29) for the purposes of this regulation , developers , deployers and users should be held responsible , to the extent of their involvement in the development , deployment or use of the artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies concerned , for any harm caused to the environment. ### deleted


### (30) in particular , the developers who take decisions that determine and control the course or manner of the development of artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies , as well the deployers who are involved in their deployment with an operating or managing function , should be generally considered responsible for avoiding the occurrence of such harm , namely by respectively putting adequate measures in place during the development process and thoroughly respecting such measures during the deployment phase. ### deleted


### (31) these technologies should also be developed , deployed and used with a view to supporting the achievement of environmental goals such as reducing waste production , diminishing the carbon footprint , preventing climate change and avoiding environmental degradation , and their potential in that context should be maximized and explored through research and innovation projects. the union and the member states should therefore mobilise their resources for the purpose of supporting and investing in such projects. ### (31) where applicable , these technologies should also be developed , deployed and used with a view to supporting the achievement of environmental goals such as reducing waste production , diminishing the carbon footprint , preventing climate change and avoiding environmental degradation , and their potential in that context should be maximized and explored through research and innovation projects. the union and the member states should therefore mobilise their resources for the purpose of supporting and investing in such projects.


### (34) the ethical boundaries of the use of artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies , including software , algorithms and data used or produced by such technologies , should be duly considered when using remote recognition technologies , such as biometric recognition , to automatically identify individuals. when these technologies are used by public authorities during times of national emergency , such as during a national health crisis , the use should be proportionate and criteria for that use defined in order to be able to determine whether , when and how it should take place , and such use should be mindful of its psychological and sociocultural impact with due regard for human dignity and the fundamental rights set out in the charter. ### (34) the ethical boundaries of the use of artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies , including software , algorithms and data used or produced by such technologies , should be duly considered when using remote recognition technologies , such as biometric recognition , to automatically identify individuals. when these technologies are used by public authorities during times of national emergency , such as during a national health crisis , the use should be proportionate and temporary. clear criteria for that use should be defined in order to be able to determine whether , when and how it should take place , and such use should be mindful of its psychological and sociocultural impact with due regard for human dignity and the fundamental rights set out in the charter.


### (35) governance that is based on relevant standards enhances safety and promotes the increase of citizens’ trust in the development , deployment and use of artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies including software , algorithms and data used or produced by such technologies. ### deleted


### (36) among the existing relevant governance standards are , for example , the ‘ethics guidelines for trustworthy ai’ drafted by the high-level expert group on artificial intelligence set up by the european commission , and other technical standards adopted by the european committee for standardization (cen) , the european committee for electrotechnical standardization (cenelec) , and the european telecommunications standards institute (etsi) , at european level , the international organization for standardization (iso) and the institute of electrical and electronics engineers (ieee) , at international level. ### (36) developers , deployers and users should continue to observe the existing relevant governance standards are , for example , the ‘ethics guidelines for trustworthy ai’ drafted by the high-level expert group on artificial intelligence set up by the european commission , and other technical standards adopted by the european committee for standardization (cen) , the european committee for electrotechnical standardization (cenelec) , and the european telecommunications standards institute (etsi) , at european level , the international organization for standardization (iso) and the institute of electrical and electronics engineers (ieee) , at international level.


### (38) the effective application of the ethical principles laid down in this regulation will largely depend on member states’ appointment of an independent public authority to act as a supervisory authority. in particular , each national supervisory authority should be responsible for assessing and monitoring the compliance of artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies considered a high-risk in light of the obligations set out in this regulation. ### (38) member states should appoint independent public authority to act as a supervisory authority. each national supervisory authority should be responsible for assessing the compliance of high-risk technologies with this regulation.


### (39) each national supervisory authority shall also carry the responsibility of regulating the governance of these technologies. they therefore have an important role to play in promoting the trust and safety of union citizens , as well as in enabling a democratic , pluralistic and equitable society. ### (39) each national supervisory authority will have an important role to play in promoting the trust and safety of union citizens , as well as in enabling a democratic , pluralistic and equitable society.


### (44) the rapid development of artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies , including the software , algorithms and data used or produced by such technologies , as well as of the technical machine learning , reasoning processes and other technologies underlying that development are unpredictable. as such , it is both appropriate and necessary to establish a review mechanism in accordance with which , in addition to its reporting on the application of the regulation , the commission is to regularly submit a report concerning the possible modification of the scope of application of this regulation. ### (44) the rapid development of artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies , including the software , algorithms and data used or produced by such technologies , as well as of the technical machine learning , reasoning processes and other technologies underlying that development are unpredictable. as such , it is both appropriate and necessary to establish a review mechanism in accordance with which , in addition to its reporting on the application of the regulation , the commission is to regularly submit a report concerning the possible modification of the scope of application of this regulation. in addition , the commission should review , if necessary , every six months the annex of this regulation by means of delegated act.


### (46) action at union level as set out in this regulation would be best achieved through the establishment of a european agency for artificial intelligence. such a body would be essential in coordinating the mandates and actions of the national supervisory authorities in each member state , outlining objective criteria for the risk assessment of artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies , developing and issuing a certification of compliance with the ethical principles laid down in this regulation , supporting regular exchanges with concerned stakeholders and civil society , promoting the union’s approach through international cooperation and ensuring a consistent reply worldwide to the opportunities and risks inherent in these technologies. ### deleted


### this regulation applies to artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies , including software , algorithms and data used or produced by such technologies , developed , deployed or used in the union. ### 1. this regulation applies to high-risk artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies , hereafter “high-risk technologies”1a including software , algorithms and data used or produced by such technologies developed , deployed or used in the union.


### ‘artificial intelligence’ means software systems that , inter alia , collect , process and interpret structured or unstructured data , identify patterns and establish models in order to reach conclusions or take actions in the physical or virtual dimension based on such conclusions; ### ‘artificial intelligence’ means a system that displays intelligent behaviour by analysing their environment and taking actions , with some degree of autonomy , to achieve specific goals; ai-systems can be purely software-based , acting in the virtual world , or can be embedded in hardware devices;


### ‘governance’ means the manner of ensuring that the highest standards and the appropriate protocols of behaviour are adopted and observed by developers , deployers and users , based on a formal set of rules , procedures and values , and which allows them to deal appropriately with ethical matters as or before they arise. ### deleted


### 3. the development , deployment and use of development , deployment and use of artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies , including software , algorithms and data used or produced by such technologies , shall be carried out in the best interest of citizens. in particular , the potential of such technologies and the opportunities that they provide shall be taken into consideration having regard at all times to the need to protect and foster the social , environmental and economic well-being of society. ### deleted


### 1. any artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies , including software , algorithms and data used or produced by such technologies , shall be developed , deployed and used in a human-centric manner with the aim of contributing to the existence of a democratic , pluralistic and equitable society by safeguarding human autonomy and decision-making and ensuring human agency. ### 1. high-risk technologies , including software , algorithms and data used or produced by such technologies , shall:


### 2. the technologies listed in paragraph 1 shall be developed , deployed and used in a manner that guarantees full human oversight at any time , in particular where that development , deployment or use entails a risk of breaching the ethical principles set out in this regulation. ### be developed , deployed and used in a manner that guarantees full human oversight at any time; and


### 3. the technologies listed in paragraph 1 shall be developed , deployed and used in a manner that allows human control to be regained at any time , including through the altering or halting of those technologies , when that development , deployment or use entails a risk of breaching the ethical principles set out in this regulation. ### be developed , deployed and used in a manner that allows human control to be regained at any time , including through the altering or halting of those technologies.


### annex i – part b – article 7 ### deleted


### developed , deployed and used in a consistent manner so that they do not pursue aims or do not carry out activities other than those for which they have been conceived; ### deleted


### developed , deployed and used in a resilient manner so that they ensure an adequate level of security , and one that prevents any technical vulnerabilities from being exploited for unfair or unlawful purposes; ### developed , deployed and used in a resilient manner so that they ensure an adequate level of security , and one that prevents any technical vulnerabilities from being exploited for unlawful purposes;


### developed , deployed and used in a manner that ensures that there is trust that the performance is reliable as regards reaching the aims and carrying out the activities they have been conceived for , including by ensuring that all operations are reproducible; ### developed , deployed and used in a manner that ensures are reliable performance as regards reaching the aims and carrying out the activities they have been conceived for , including by ensuring that all operations are reproducible;


### developed , deployed and used in a manner that ensures that the performance of the aims and activities of the particular technologies is accurate; if occasional inaccuracies cannot be avoided , the system shall indicate the likeliness of errors and inaccuracies to deployers and users through an appropriate disclaimer message; ### developed , deployed and used in a manner that ensures that the performance of the aims and activities of the particular technologies is accurate; if occasional inaccuracies cannot be avoided , the system shall indicate , to the extent possible , the likeliness of errors and inaccuracies to deployers and users through an appropriate disclaimer message;


### developed , deployed and used in a manner such that they are capable of warning users that they are interacting with artificial intelligence systems , duly disclosing their capabilities , accuracy and limitations to artificial intelligence developers , deployers and users; ### developed , deployed and used in a manner such that they inform users that they are interacting with artificial intelligence systems , duly and comprehensively disclosing their capabilities , accuracy and limitations to developers , deployers and users of high-risk technologies;


### 2. in accordance with article 6(2) , the technologies mentioned in paragraph 1 shall be developed , deployed and used in transparent and traceable manner so that their elements , processes and phases are documented to the highest standards , and that it is possible for the national supervisory authorities referred to in article 14 to assess the compliance of such technologies with the obligations set out in this regulation. in particular , the developer , deployer or user of those technologies shall be responsible for , and be able to demonstrate , compliance with the safety features set out in paragraph 1. ### 2. in accordance with article 6(b) , high-risk technologies , including software , algorithms and data used or produced by such technologies shall be developed , deployed and used in transparent and traceable manner so that their elements , processes and phases are documented to the highest applicable standards. in particular , the developer , deployer or user of those technologies shall be responsible for , and be able to demonstrate , compliance with the safety features set out in paragraph 1.


### 3. the developer , deployer or user of the technologies mentioned in paragraph 1 shall ensure that the measures taken to ensure compliance with the safety features set out in paragraph 1 can be audited by the national supervisory authorities referred to in article 14. ### 3. the developer , deployer or user of high-risk technologies shall ensure that the measures taken to ensure compliance with the safety features set out in paragraph 1 can be audited by the national supervisory authorities referred to in article 14.


### 4. users shall be presumed to have complied with the obligations set out in this article where their use of artificial , robotics and related technologies , including software , algorithms and data used or produced by such technologies , is carried out in good faith and in no way contravenes the ethical principles laid down in this regulation. ### 4. users shall be presumed to have complied with the obligations set out in this article.


### 1. any software , algorithm or data used or produced by artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies developed , deployed or used in the union shall be such as to ensure respect for human dignity and equal treatment for all. ### 1. high-risk technologies , including software , algorithm or data used or produced by such technologies developed , deployed or used in the union shall be such as to ensure respect for human dignity and equal treatment for all.


### 2. any software , algorithm or data used or produced by artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies developed , deployed or used in the union shall be unbiased and , without prejudice to paragraph 3 , shall not discriminate on grounds such as race , gender , sexual orientation , pregnancy , disability , physical or genetic features , age , national minority , ethnic or social origin , language , religion or belief , political views or civic participation , citizenship , civil or economic status , education , or criminal record. ### 2. high-risk technologies , including software , algorithms and data used or produced by such technologies , developed , deployed or used in the union shall be unbiased and , without prejudice to paragraph 3 ,shall not discriminate on grounds such as race , gender , sexual orientation , pregnancy , disability , physical or genetic features , age , national minority , ethnic or social origin , language , religion or belief , political views or civic participation , citizenship , civil or economic status , education , or criminal record.


### 1. any artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies , including software , algorithms and data used or produced by such technologies , shall be developed , deployed and used in the union in compliance with the relevant union law , principles and values , in a manner that ensures optimal social , environmental and economic outcomes and that does not result in injury or harm of any kind to being caused to individuals or society. ### 1. high-risk technologies ,including software , algorithms and data used or produced by such technologies , shall be developed , deployed and used in the union in compliance with the relevant union law , principles and values..


### 2. any artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies , including software , algorithms and data used or produced by such technologies , developed , deployed or used in the union shall be developed , deployed and used in a socially responsible manner. in particular , such a manner shall mean that such technologies are: ### 2. high-risk technologies , including software , algorithms and data used or produced by such technologies , developed , deployed or used in the union shall be developed , deployed and used in a socially responsible manner.


### developed , deployed and used in a manner that contributes to improving individual development , collective well-being and the healthy functioning of democracy , without interfering in political processes , decision-making and elections or contributing to the dissemination of disinformation; ### deleted


### developed , deployed and used in a manner that contributes to the achievement of a fair society by helping to increase citizens’ health and well-being , fostering equality in the creation and availability of economic , social and political opportunity and respecting workers’ rights; ### deleted


### developed , deployed and used in a manner that contributes to public debate , complements and empowers human cognitive skills , encourages quality education and promotes multilingualism while reflecting the cultural diversity of the union; ### deleted


### developed , deployed and used in a gender-balanced manner that narrows the gender gap by providing equal opportunities for all; ### deleted


### developed , deployed and used in a manner that contributes to the narrowing of the digital divide among regions , age groups and social classes , the promotion of digital literacy and skills , innovation and creativity , while respecting intellectual property rights; ### deleted


### 3. the union and its member states shall encourage research projects intended to provide solutions , based on artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies , that seek to promote social inclusion , plurality , solidarity , fairness , equality and cooperation. ### deleted


### 4. the social effects of the ubiquitous presence of artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies , including software , algorithms and data used or produced by such technologies , developed , deployed or used in the union shall be monitored by the national supervisory authorities referred to in article 14 , in order to avoid disruptive effects on social agency and social relationships , as well as the deterioration of social skills. ### deleted


### 1. any artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies , including software , algorithms and data used or produced by such technologies , shall be developed , deployed or used in the union in compliance with union law , principles and values , in a manner that ensures optimal environmentally friendly outcomes and minimises their environmental footprint during their lifecycle and through their entire supply chain , in order to support the achievement of climate neutrality and circular economy goals. ### 1. high-risk technologies , including software , algorithms and data used or produced by such technologies , shall be developed , deployed or used in the union in compliance with union law and commitments related to the protection of the environment and where applicable they shall pursue the objective of minimising their environmental footprint during their lifecycle and through their entire supply chain , in order to support the achievement of climate neutrality and circular economy goals.


### 2. the union and its member states shall encourage and promote research projects intended to provide solutions , based on artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies , seeking to address environmental issues such as waste production , the carbon footprint , climate change and environmental degradation. ### deleted


### 3. any artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies , including software , algorithms and data used or produced by such technologies , shall be assessed as to their environmental friendliness and sustainability by the national supervisory authorities , referred to in article 14 , ensuring that measures are put in place to mitigate their general impact as regards natural resources , energy consumption , waste production , the carbon footprint , climate change and environmental degradation. ### deleted


### 1. artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies developed , deployed or used in the union shall comply with relevant governance standards established by the national supervisory authorities referred to in article 14 in accordance with union law , principles and values. ### deleted


### 2. data used or produced by artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies developed , deployed or used in the union shall be managed by developers , deployers and users in accordance with relevant standards referred to in paragraph 1 , as well as with relevant industry and business protocols. in particular , developers and deployers shall carry out , where feasible , quality checks of the external sources of data used by artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies , and shall put oversight mechanisms in place regarding their collection , storage , processing and use. ### 2. data used or produced by high-risk technologies developed , deployed or used in the union shall be managed by developers , deployers and users in accordance with the relevant national , european and international rules , as well as with relevant industry and business protocols. in particular , developers and deployers shall carry out , where feasible , quality checks of the external sources of data used by artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies , and shall put oversight mechanisms in place regarding their collection , storage , processing and use.


### 3. without prejudice to portability rights and rights of persons whose usage of artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies has generated data , the collection , storage , processing , sharing of and access to data used or produced by artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies developed , deployed or used in the union shall comply with the relevant standards referred to in paragraph 1 , as well as with relevant industry and business protocols. in particular , developers and deployers shall ensure those protocols are applied during the development and deployment of artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies , by clearly defining the requirements for processing and granting access to data used or produced by these technologies , as well as the purpose , scope and addressees of the processing and the granting of access to such data , all of which shall at all times be auditable and traceable. ### 3. without prejudice to portability rights and rights of persons whose usage of high-risk technologies has generated data , the collection , storage , processing , sharing of and access to data used or produced by artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies developed , deployed or used in the union shall comply with the relevant national , european and international rules , as well as with relevant industry and business protocols. in particular , developers and deployers shall ensure those protocols are applied during the development and deployment of high-risk technologies , by clearly defining the requirements for processing and granting access to data used or produced by these technologies , as well as the purpose , scope and addressees of the processing and the granting of access to such data , all of which shall at all times be auditable and traceable.


### 1. each member state shall designate an independent public authority to be responsible for monitoring the application of this regulation (‘supervisory authority’). in accordance with article 7(1) and (2) , each national supervisory authority shall be responsible for assessing whether artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies , including software , algorithms and data used or produced by such technologies , developed , deployed and used in the union are high-risk technologies and , if so , for assessing and monitoring their compliance with the ethical principles set out in this regulation. ### 1. each member state shall designate an independent public authority to be responsible for monitoring the application of this regulation (‘supervisory authority’). in accordance with article (2) , each national supervisory authority shall be responsible for assessing and monitoring the compliance of high risk technologies with the ethical principles set out in this regulation.


### 2. each national supervisory authority shall contribute to the consistent application of this regulation throughout the union. for that purpose , the supervisory authorities in each member state shall cooperate with each other , the commission and other relevant institutions , bodies , offices and agencies of the union , in particular as regards establishing the governance standards referred to in article 13(1). ### 2. each national supervisory authority shall contribute to the consistent application of this regulation throughout the union. for that purpose , the supervisory authorities in each member state shall cooperate with each other , the commission and other relevant institutions , bodies , offices and agencies of the union.


### 3. each national supervisory authority shall be responsible for supervising the application of governance standards to artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies , including by liaising with the maximum possible number of stakeholders. for that purpose , the supervisory authorities in each member state shall provide a forum for regular exchange with stakeholders. ### deleted


### 4. each national supervisory authority shall provide professional and administrative guidance and support on the general implementation of the ethical principles set out in this regulation , including to small and medium-sized enterprises or start-ups. ### 4. each national supervisory authority shall provide professional and administrative guidance for the implementation of the harmonised ethical framework set out in this regulation , especially to small and medium-sized enterprises or start-ups.


### 6. member states shall take all measures necessary to ensure the implementation of the ethical principles set out in this regulation. member states shall support relevant stakeholders and civil society , at both union and national level , in their efforts to ensure a timely , ethical and well-informed response to the new opportunities and challenges , in particular those of a cross-border nature , arising from technological developments relating to artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies. ### 6. member states shall support relevant stakeholders and civil society , at both union and national level , in their efforts to ensure a timely , ethical and well-informed response to the new opportunities and challenges , in particular those of a cross-border nature , arising from technological developments relating to artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies.


### c. whereas a common framework for the development , deployment and use of artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies within the union should both protect citizens from their potential risks and promote the trustworthiness of such technologies in the world; ### c. whereas a common european framework should ensure the development , the deployment and the use of trustworthy , ethical and technically robust artificial intelligence , based on union’s laws and values and guided by the principles of transparency and explainability , fairness , accountability and responsibility;


### f. whereas for the scope of that framework to be adequate it should cover a wide range of technologies and their components , including algorithms , software and data used or produced by them; ### f. whereas the scope of that framework should be adequate , proportionate and thoroughly assessed; whereas while it should cover a wide range of technologies and their components , including algorithms , software and data used or produced by them , a targeted approach based on the concept of high risk is necessary to avoid hampering future innovations;


### g. whereas that framework should encompass all situations requiring due consideration of the union’s principles and values , namely development , deployment and use of the relevant technologies and their components; ### g. whereas that framework should make sure that the development , the deployment and the use of relevant technologies and their components are fully compliant with the union’s principles and values;


### i. whereas action at union level is justified by the need for a homogenous application of common ethical principles when developing , deploying and using artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies; ### i. whereas action at union level is justified by the need for a homogenous application of common ethical principles when developing , deploying and using artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies; whereas clear rules are needed where major risks are at stake;


### k. whereas each member state should establish a national supervisory authority responsible for ensuring , assessing and monitoring compliance , and for enabling discussion and exchange of points of view in close cooperation with the concerned stakeholders and the civil society; ### k. whereas each member state should designate a national supervisory authority responsible for assessing the compliance of high-risk technologies with the ethical framework , and for enabling discussion and exchange of points of view in close cooperation with the concerned stakeholders and the civil society;


### l. whereas parliament continues to call for the establishment of a european agency to ensure a harmonised approach across the union and address the new opportunities and challenges , in particular those of a cross-border nature , arising from ongoing technological developments. ### l. whereas the idea of entrusting an existing or new european agency or european body with the task of ensuring a harmonised approach across the union should be assessed as regards the new opportunities and challenges , in particular those of a cross-border nature , arising from ongoing technological developments.


### l. whereas parliament continues to call for the establishment of a european agency to ensure a harmonised approach across the union and address the new opportunities and challenges , in particular those of a cross-border nature , arising from ongoing technological developments. ### l. whereas the idea of entrusting an existing european body with the task of ensuring a harmonised approach across the union should be assessed as regards the new opportunities and challenges , in particular those of a cross-border nature , arising from ongoing technological developments.


### 10. states that it is essential that artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies support the achievement of sustainable development , climate neutrality and circular economy goals; the development , deployment and use of these technologies should be environmentally friendly , and contribute to minimising any harm caused to the environment during their lifecycle and across their entire supply chain; ### 10. states that artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies can be used by government and businesses to support the achievement of sustainable development , climate neutrality and circular economy goals; the development , deployment and use of these technologies should be environmentally friendly , and contribute to minimising any harm caused to the environment during their lifecycle and across their entire supply chain;


### 16. stresses that appropriate governance of the development , deployment and use of artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies , including by having measures in place focusing on accountability and addressing potential risks of bias and discrimination , increases citizens’ safety and trust in those technologies; ### 16. stresses that appropriate governance of the development , deployment and use of high-risk artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies , including by having measures in place focusing on accountability and addressing potential risks of bias and discrimination , increases citizens’ safety and trust in those technologies;


### 18. underlines the need to ensure that data belonging to vulnerable groups , such as people with disabilities , patients , children , minorities and migrants , are protected adequately; ### 18. underlines the need to ensure that personal data is protected adequately , especially data belonging to vulnerable groups , such as people with disabilities , patients , children , minorities and migrants;


### 22. recalls that parliament’s resolution of 16 february 2017 with recommendations to the commission on civil law rules on robotics asked the commission to consider the designation of a european agency for artificial intelligence; ### deleted


### 23. calls on the commission to follow-up on that request , especially in view of the added-value of having a body at union level coordinating the mandates and actions of each national supervisory authority as referred to in the previous sub-section; ### 23. calls on the commission to coordinate the actions of each national supervisory authority as referred to in the previous sub-section;


### 24. believes that such a body , as well as the certification referred to in the following paragraph , would not only benefit the development of union industry and innovation in that context but also increase the awareness of our citizens regarding the opportunities and risks inherent to these technologies; ### 24. believes that such a body would not only benefit the development of union industry and innovation in that context but also increase the awareness of our citizens regarding the opportunities and risks inherent to these technologies;


### 25. suggests that the european agency for artificial intelligence develops common criteria and an application process relating to the granting of a european certificate of ethical compliance following a request by any developer , deployer or user seeking to certify the positive assessment of compliance carried out by the respective national supervisory authority; ### 25. calls on the commission to explore the possibility to develop a european certification of ethical compliance , to be granted at the request of developers of artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies , which comply with the european ethical framework;


### 27. recalls that the opportunities and risks inherent to these technologies have a global dimension that requires a consistent approach at international level and thus calls on the commission to work in bilateral and multilateral settings to advocate and ensure ethical compliance ### 27. recalls that the opportunities and risks inherent to these technologies have a global dimension , as the software and data used for these systems are frequently imported in and exported out of the european union; calls on the commission to take the initiative to investigate which bilateral and multilateral treaties and agreements should be adjusted to ensure a consistent approach and promote ethical compliance globally;


### 27. recalls that the opportunities and risks inherent to these technologies have a global dimension that requires a consistent approach at international level and thus calls on the commission to work in bilateral and multilateral settings to advocate and ensure ethical compliance. ### 27. recalls that the opportunities and risks inherent to these technologies have a global dimension that requires a consistent approach at international level and thus calls on the commission to work in bilateral and multilateral settings to advocate and promote the european model of ethical compliance.


### 28. points out the added-value of a european agency as referred to above in this context as well. ### 28. points out the added-value of a european regulatory framework for high-risk artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies as referred to above in this context as well.


### 29. concludes , following the above reflections on aspects related to the ethical dimension of artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies , that the ethical dimension should be framed as a series of principles resulting in a legal framework at union level supervised by national competent authorities , coordinated and enhanced by a european agency for artificial intelligence and duly respected and certified within the internal market; ### 29. concludes , following the above reflections on aspects related to the ethical dimension of high-risk artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies , that the ethical dimension should be framed as a series of principles resulting in a legal framework at union level;


### 31. recommends that the european commission review existing union law applicable to artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies in order to address the rapidity of their development in line with the recommendations set out in the annex hereto; ### 31. recommends that the european commission , after consulting with all the relevant stakeholders , review existing union law applicable to high-risk artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies in order to review it when necessary and address the rapidity of their development in line with the recommendations set out in the annex hereto;


### 32. considers that the requested proposal would have financial implications if a new european agency for artificial intelligence is set up; ### 32. considers that the requested proposal would have financial implications if an existing european body is entrusted with the above-mentioned functions in order to ensure the necessary technical means and human resources to fulfil its newly attributed tasks;


### - to build trust in artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies by ensuring that these technologies will be developed , deployed and used in an ethical manner; ### - to build trust in artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies by ensuring that when these technologies entail a high-risk for the protection of safety and fundamental rights and freedoms their development , deployment and use will be done in an ethical manner;


### - to support deployment of artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies in the union by providing the appropriate regulatory framework; ### - to support deployment of artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies in the union by providing the appropriate and proportionate regulatory framework;


### - a european agency for artificial intelligence and a european certification of ethical compliance; ### deleted


### - risk assessment of artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies; ### - compliance assessment of high-risk artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies;


### v. the european agency for artificial intelligence should be established following a detailed proposal from the commission , which should include the following main tasks: ### deleted


### - to assess whether artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies , including software , algorithms and data used or produced by such technologies , developed , deployed and used in the union are high-risk technologies; ### - to assess the compliance of high-risk artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies with the ethical principles set out in the proposed regulation;


### - to monitor their compliance with the ethical principles set out in the proposed regulation; ### deleted


### - to be responsible for establishing standards for the governance of artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies , including by liaising with the maximum possible number of stakeholders and civil society representatives. ### deleted


### vii. the key role of stakeholders should be to engage with the commission , the european agency for artificial intelligence and the “supervisory authority” in each member state. ### vii. the key role of stakeholders should be to engage with the commission and the “supervisory authority” in each member state.


### vii. the key role of stakeholders should be to engage with the commission , the european agency for artificial intelligence and the “supervisory authority” in each member state. ### vii. the key role of stakeholders should be to engage with the relevant , new or existing , european agency or european body and the “supervisory authority” in each member state.


### (1) the development , deployment and use of artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies , including the software , algorithms and data used or produced by such technologies , are based on a desire to serve society. they can entail opportunities and risks , which should be addressed and regulated by a comprehensive legal framework of ethical principles to be complied with from the moment of the development and deployment of such technologies to their use. ### (1) the development , deployment and use of artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies , including the software , algorithms and data used or produced by such technologies , should be based on a desire to serve society. some of these technologies can entail opportunities and risks , which should be addressed and regulated by a comprehensive legal framework of ethical principles to be complied with from the moment of the development and deployment of such technologies to their use.


### (3) in this context , the current diversity of the rules and practices to be followed across the union poses a significant risk to the protection of the well-being and prosperity of individuals and society alike , as well as to the coherent exploration of the full potential that artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies have in promoting and preserving that well-being and prosperity. differences in the degree of consideration of the ethical dimension inherent to these technologies can prevent them from being freely developed , deployed or used within the union and such differences can constitute an obstacle to the pursuit of economic activities at union level , distort competition and impede authorities in the fulfilment of their obligations under union law. in addition , the absence of a common framework of ethical principles for the development , deployment and use of artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies results in legal uncertainty for all those involved , namely developers , deployers and users. ### (3) in this context , the current diversity of the rules and practices to be followed across the union poses a significant risk of fragmentation of the single market , as well as to the coherent exploration of the full potential that artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies have in promoting innovation. differences in the degree of consideration of the ethical dimension inherent to these technologies can prevent them from being freely developed , deployed or used within the union and such differences can constitute an obstacle to a level playing field and to the pursuit of technological progress and economic activities at union level , distort competition and impede authorities in the fulfilment of their obligations under union law. in addition , the absence of a common framework of ethical principles for the development , deployment and use of artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies results in legal uncertainty for all those involved , namely developers , deployers and users.


### (4) nevertheless , this regulation should provide a margin of manoeuvre for member states , including with regard to how the mandate of their respective national supervisory authority is to be carried out in view of the objectives it is to pursue as laid down herein. ### deleted