### (4) there is a growing recognition of the need for alignment of bioenergy policies with the cascading principle of biomass use11 , with a view to ensuring fair access to the biomass raw material market for the development of innovative , high value-added bio-based solutions and a sustainable circular bioeconomy. when developing support schemes for bioenergy , member states should therefore take into consideration the available sustainable supply of biomass for energy and non-energy uses and the maintenance of the national forest carbon sinks and ecosystems as well as the principles of the circular economy and the biomass cascading use , and the waste hierarchy established in directive 2008/98/ecof the european parliament and of the council12 . for this , they should grant no support to the production of energy from saw logs , veener logs , stumps and roots and avoid promoting the use of quality roundwood for energy except in well-defined circumstances. in line with the cascading principle , woody biomass should be used according to its highest economic and environmental added value in the following order of priorities: 1) wood-based products , 2) extending their service life , 3) re-use , 4) recycling , 5) bio-energy and 6) disposal. where no other use for woody biomass is economically viable or environmentally appropriate , energy recovery helps to reduce energy generation from non-renewable sources. member states’ support schemes for bioenergy should therefore be directed to such feedstocks for which little market competition exists with the material sectors , and whose sourcing is considered positive for both climate and biodiversity , in order to avoid negative incentives for unsustainable bioenergy pathways , as identified in the jrc report ‘the use of woody biomass for energy production in the eu’13 . on the other hand , in defining the further implications of the cascading principle , it is necessary to recognise the national specificities which guide member states in the design of their support schemeswaste prevention , reuse and recycling of waste should be the priority option. member states should avoid creating support schemes which would be counter to targets on treatment of waste and which would lead to the inefficient use of recyclable waste. moreover , in order to ensure a more efficient use of bioenergy , from 2026 on member states should not give support anymore to electricity-only plants , unless the installations are in regions with a specific use status as regards their transition away from fossil fuels or if the installations use carbon capture and storage. ### (4) there is a growing recognition of the need for alignment of bioenergy policies with the cascading principle of biomass use11 , with a view to ensuring fair access to the biomass raw material market for the development of innovative , high value-added bio-based solutions and a sustainable circular bioeconomy. when developing support schemes for bioenergy , member states should therefore take into consideration the available sustainable supply of biomass for energy and non-energy uses and the maintenance of the national forest carbon sinks and ecosystems as well as ensuring protection of biodiversity and the enhancement of the principles of the circular economy and the biomass cascading use , and the waste hierarchy established in directive 2008/98/ecof the european parliament and of the council12 . for this , they should grant no support to the production of energy from saw logs , veener logs , stumps and roots and avoid promoting the use of quality roundwood for energy except in well-defined circumstances , for example , to ensure wildfire prevention. in line with the cascading principle , woody biomass should be used according to its highest economic and environmental added value in the following order of priorities: 1) wood-based products , 2) extending their service life , 3) re-use , 4) recycling , 5) bio-energy and 6) disposal. where no other use for woody biomass is economically viable or environmentally appropriate , energy recovery helps to reduce energy generation from non-renewable sources. member states’ support schemes for bioenergy should therefore be directed to such feedstocks for which little market competition exists with the material sectors , and whose sourcing is considered positive for both climate and biodiversity , in order to avoid negative incentives for unsustainable bioenergy pathways , as identified in the jrc report ‘the use of woody biomass for energy production in the eu’13 . on the other hand , in defining the further implications of the cascading principle , it is necessary to recognise the national specificities which guide member states in the design of their support schemeswaste prevention , reuse and recycling of waste should be the priority option. member states should avoid creating support schemes which would be counter to targets on treatment of waste and which would lead to the inefficient use of recyclable waste. moreover , in order to ensure a more efficient use of bioenergy , from 2026 on member states should not give support anymore to electricity-only plants , unless the installations are in regions with a specific use status as regards their transition away from fossil fuels or if the installations use carbon capture and storage.


### (5) the rapid growth and increasing cost-competitiveness of renewable electricity production can be used to satisfy a growing share of energy demand , for instance using heat pumps for space heating or low-temperature industrial processes , electric vehicles for transport , or electric furnaces in certain industries. renewable electricity can also be used to produce synthetic fuels for consumption in hard-to-decarbonise transport sectors such as aviation and maritime transport. a framework for electrification needs to enable robust and efficient coordination and expand market mechanisms to match both supply and demand in space and time , stimulate investments in flexibility , and help integrate large shares of variable renewable generation. member states should therefore ensure that the deployment of renewable electricity continues to increase at an adequate pace to meet growing demand. for this , member states should establish a framework that includes market-compatible mechanisms to tackle remaining barriers to have secure and adequate electricity systems fit for a high level of renewable energy , as well as storage facilities , fully integrated into the electricity system. in particular , this framework shall tackle remaining barriers , including non-financial ones such as insufficient digital and human resources of authorities to process a growing number of permitting applications. ### (5) the rapid growth and increasing cost-competitiveness of renewable electricity production can be used to satisfy a growing share of energy demand , for instance using heat pumps for space heating or low-temperature industrial processes , electric vehicles for transport , or electric furnaces in certain industries. renewable electricity can also be used to produce synthetic fuels for consumption in hard-to-decarbonise transport sectors such as aviation and maritime transport. a framework for electrification needs to enable robust and efficient coordination and expand market mechanisms to match both supply and demand in space and time , stimulate investments in flexibility , energy storage and demand response , and help integrate large shares of variable renewable generation. member states should therefore , while taking into account the energy first principle , ensure that the deployment of renewable electricity continues to increase at an adequate pace to meet growing demand. for this , member states should establish a framework that includes market-compatible mechanisms to tackle remaining barriers to have secure and adequate electricity systems fit for a high level of renewable energy , as well as storage facilities , fully integrated into the electricity system. in particular , this framework shall tackle remaining barriers , including non-financial ones such as insufficient digital and human resources of authorities to process a growing number of permitting applications. the commission should help member states to bring down administrative barriers , in particular with a view to simplify and accelerate permitting procedures for renewable energy projects.


### (8) the offshore renewable energy strategy introduces an ambitious objective of 300 gw of offshore wind and 40 gw of ocean energy across all the union’s sea basins by 2050. to ensure this step change , member states will need to work together across borders at sea-basin level. member states should therefore jointly define the amount of offshore renewable generation to be deployed within each sea basin by 2050 , with intermediate steps in 2030 and 2040. these objectives should be reflected in the updated national energy and climate plans that will be submitted in 2023 and 2024 pursuant to regulation (eu) 2018/1999. in defining the amount , member states should take into account the offshore renewable energy potential of each sea basin , environmental protection , climate adaptation and other uses of the sea , as well as the union’s decarbonisation targets. in addition , member states should increasingly consider the possibility of combining offshore renewable energy generation with transmission lines interconnecting several member states , in the form of hybrid projects or , at a later stage , a more meshed grid. this would allow electricity to flow in different directions , thus maximising socio-economic welfare , optimising infrastructure expenditure and enabling a more sustainable usage of the sea. ### (8) the offshore renewable energy strategy introduces an ambitious objective of 300 gw of offshore wind and 40 gw of ocean energy across all the union’s sea basins by 2050. to ensure this step change , member states and its relevant regional and local authorities will need to work together across borders at sea-basin level. member states and their relevant regional and local actors should therefore jointly define the amount of offshore renewable generation to be deployed within each sea basin by 2050 , with intermediate steps in 2030 and 2040. these objectives should be reflected in the updated national energy and climate plans that will be submitted in 2023 and 2024 pursuant to regulation (eu) 2018/1999. in defining the amount , the offshore renewable energy potential of each sea basin , environmental protection and biodiversity , climate adaptation and other uses of the sea , especially the activities that were already taking place in the affected areas , the possible harm to the environment , the article 2 of the paris agreement , as well as the union’s decarbonisation targets should be taken into account. in addition , member states and their relevant sub-administrations should increasingly consider the possibility of combining offshore renewable energy generation with transmission lines interconnecting several member states , in the form of hybrid projects or , at a later stage , a more meshed grid. this would allow electricity to flow in different directions , thus maximising socio-economic welfare , optimising infrastructure expenditure and enabling a more sustainable usage of the sea. member states bordering a sea basin could use the maritime spatial planning process to ensure a strong public participation approach so that the views of all stakeholders and coastal communities are taken into account , as well as the activities already taking place in the affected areas.


### (9) the market for renewable power purchase agreements is rapidly growing and provides a complementary route to the market of renewable power generation in addition to support schemes by member states or to selling directly on the wholesale electricity market. at the same time , the market for renewable power purchase agreements is still limited to a small number of member states and large companies , with significant administrative , technical and financial barriers remaining in large parts of the union’s market. the existing measures in article 15 to encourage the uptake of renewable power purchase agreements should therefore be strengthened further , by exploring the use of credit guarantees to reduce these agreements’ financial risks , taking into account that these guarantees , where public , should not crowd out private financing. ### (9) the market for renewable power purchase agreements is rapidly growing and provides a complementary route to the market of renewable power generation in addition to support schemes by member states or to selling directly on the wholesale electricity market. at the same time , these agreements provide the producer with the security of a certain income whilst the user can benefit from a stable electricity price. the market for renewable power purchase agreements is still limited to a small number of member states and large companies , with significant administrative , technical and financial barriers remaining in large parts of the union’s market. the existing measures in article 15 to encourage the uptake of renewable power purchase agreements should therefore be strengthened further , by exploring the use of credit guarantees to reduce these agreements’ financial risks , taking into account that these guarantees , where public , should not crowd out private financing.


### (12) insufficient numbers of skilled workers , in particular installers and designers of renewable heating and cooling systems , slow down the replacement of fossil fuel heating systems by renewable energy based systems and is a major barrier to integrating renewables in buildings , industry and agriculture. member states should cooperate with social partners and renewable energy communities to anticipate the skills that will be needed. a sufficient number of high-quality training programmes and certification possibilities ensuring proper installation and reliable operation of a wide range of renewable heating and cooling systems should be made available and designed in a way to attract participation in such training programmes and certification systems. member states should consider what actions should be taken to attract groups currently under-represented in the occupational areas in question. the list of trained and certified installers should be made public to ensure consumer trust and easy access to tailored designer and installer skills guaranteeing proper installation and operation of renewable heating and cooling. ### (12) insufficient numbers of skilled workers , in particular installers and designers of renewable heating and cooling systems , slow down the replacement of fossil fuel heating systems by renewable energy based systems , including solar thermal photovoltaic systems , shallow geothermal systems and heat pumps and energy storage systems , and is a major barrier to integrating renewables in buildings , industry and agriculture. member states should cooperate with social partners and renewable energy communities to anticipate the skills that will be needed. a sufficient number of high-quality training programmes and certification possibilities ensuring proper installation and reliable operation of a wide range of renewable heating and cooling systems should be made available and designed in a way to attract participation in such training programmes and certification systems. training courses and qualifications already acquired by the operators on the basis of the previous legislation must be preserved. member states should consider what actions should be taken to attract groups currently under-represented in the occupational areas in question. the list of trained and certified installers should be made public to ensure consumer trust and easy access to tailored designer and installer skills guaranteeing proper installation and operation of renewable heating and cooling.


### (17) the increasing number of electric vehicles in road , rail , maritime and other transport modes will require that recharging operations are optimised and managed in a way that does not cause congestion and takes full advantage of the availability of renewable electricity and low electricity prices in the system. in situations where bidirectional charging would assist further penetration of renewable electricity by electric vehicle fleets in transport and the electricity system in general , such functionality should also be made available. in view of the long life span of recharging points , requirements for charging infrastructure should be kept updated in a way that would cater for future needs and would not result in negative lock-in effects to the development of technology and services. ### (17) the increasing number of electric vehicles in road , rail , maritime and other transport modes will require that recharging operations are optimised and managed in a way that does not cause congestion or blackouts and takes full advantage of the availability of renewable electricity and low electricity prices in the system. in situations where bidirectional charging would assist further penetration of renewable electricity by electric vehicle fleets in transport and the electricity system in general , such functionality should also be made available. in view of the long life span of recharging points , requirements for charging infrastructure should be kept updated in a way that would cater for future needs and would not result in negative lock-in effects to the development of technology and services.


### (19) distributed storage assets , such as domestic batteries and batteries of electric vehicles have the potential to offer considerable flexibility and balancing services to the grid through aggregation. in order to facilitate the development of such services , the regulatory provisions concerning connection and operation of the storage assets , such as tariffs , commitment times and connection specifications , should be designed in a way that does not hamper the potential of all storage assets , including small and mobile ones , to offer flexibility and balancing services to the system and to contribute to the further penetration renewable electricity , in comparison with larger , stationary storage assets. ### (19) distributed and decentralised generation , demand response and storage assets , such as domestic batteries and batteries of electric vehicles , smart heating and cooling systems , and other smart devices have the potential to offer considerable flexibility and balancing services to the grid through aggregation. in order to facilitate the development of such services , the regulatory provisions concerning connection and operation of the decentralised generation and storage assets , such as tariffs , commitment times and connection specifications , should be designed in a way that does not hamper the potential of all storage assets , including small and mobile ones , to offer flexibility and balancing services to the system and to contribute to the further penetration of renewable electricity , in comparison with larger , stationary storage assets.


### (23) increasing ambition in the heating and cooling sector is key to delivering the overall renewable energy target given that heating and cooling constitutes around half of the union's energy consumption , covering a wide range of end uses and technologies in buildings , industry and district heating and cooling. to accelerate the increase of renewables in heating and cooling , an annual 1.1 percentage point increase at member state level should be made binding as a minimum for all member states. for those member states , which already have renewable shares above 50% in the heating and cooling sector , it should remain possible to only apply half of the binding annual increase rate and member states with 60% or above may count any such share as fulfilling the average annual increase rate in accordance with points b) and c) of paragraph 2 of article 23. in addition , member state-specific top-ups should be set , redistributing the additional efforts to the desired level of renewables in 2030 among member states based on gdp and cost-effectiveness. a longer list of different measures should also be included in directive (eu) 2018/2001 to facilitate increasing the share of renewables in heating and cooling. member states may implement one or more measures from the list of measures. ### (23) increasing ambition in the heating and cooling sector is key to delivering the overall renewable energy target given that heating and cooling constitutes around half of the union's energy consumption , covering a wide range of end uses and technologies in buildings , industry and district heating and cooling. to accelerate the increase of renewables in heating and cooling , a minimum annual 1 percentage point increase at member state level should be recommended for all member states. for those member states , which already have renewable shares above 50% in the heating and cooling sector , it should remain possible to only apply half of the binding annual increase rate and member states with 60% or above may count any such share as fulfilling the average annual increase rate in accordance with points b) and c) of paragraph 2 of article 23. in addition , member state-specific top-ups should be set , redistributing the additional efforts to the desired level of renewables in 2030 among member states based on gdp and cost-effectiveness. a longer list of different measures should also be included in directive (eu) 2018/2001 to facilitate increasing the share of renewables in heating and cooling. member states may implement one or more measures from the list of measures.


### (23) increasing ambition in the heating and cooling sector is key to delivering the overall renewable energy target given that heating and cooling constitutes around half of the union's energy consumption , covering a wide range of end uses and technologies in buildings , industry and district heating and cooling. to accelerate the increase of renewables in heating and cooling , an annual 1.1 percentage point increase at member state level should be made binding as a minimum for all member states. for those member states , which already have renewable shares above 50% in the heating and cooling sector , it should remain possible to only apply half of the binding annual increase rate and member states with 60% or above may count any such share as fulfilling the average annual increase rate in accordance with points b) and c) of paragraph 2 of article 23. in addition , member state-specific top-ups should be set , redistributing the additional efforts to the desired level of renewables in 2030 among member states based on gdp and cost-effectiveness. a longer list of different measures should also be included in directive (eu) 2018/2001 to facilitate increasing the share of renewables in heating and cooling. member states may implement one or more measures from the list of measures. ### (23) increasing ambition in the heating and cooling sector is key to delivering the overall renewable energy target given that heating and cooling constitutes around half of the union's energy consumption , covering a wide range of end uses and technologies in buildings , industry and district heating and cooling. to accelerate the increase of renewables in heating and cooling , an annual 1.1 percentage point increase at member state level should be made binding as a minimum for all member states. for those member states , which already have renewable shares above 50% in the heating and cooling sector , it should remain possible to only apply half of the binding annual increase rate and member states with 60% or above may count any such share as fulfilling the average annual increase rate in accordance with points b) and c) of paragraph 2 of article 23. in addition , member state-specific top-ups should be set , redistributing the additional efforts to the desired level of renewables in 2030 among member states based on gdp and cost-effectiveness. a longer list of different measures should also be included in directive (eu) 2018/2001 to facilitate increasing the share of renewables in heating and cooling. member states may implement one or more measures from the list of measures. when adopting and implementing those measures , member states should ensure their accessibility to all consumers , in particular those in low-income or vulnerable households , and should require a significant share of measures to be implemented as a priority in low-income households at risk of energy poverty and in social housing.


### (29) the use of renewable fuels and renewable electricity in transport can contribute to the decarbonisation of the union transport sector in a cost-effective manner , and improve , amongst other , energy diversification in that sector while promoting innovation , growth and jobs in the union economy and reducing reliance on energy imports. with a view to achieving the increased target for greenhouse gas emission savings defined by the union , the level of renewable energy supplied to all transport modes in the union should be increased. expressing the transport target as a greenhouse gas intensity reduction target would stimulate an increasing use of the most cost-effective and performing fuels , in terms of greenhouse gas savings , in transport. in addition , a greenhouse gas intensity reduction target would stimulate innovation and set out a clear benchmark to compare across fuel types and renewable electricity depending on their greenhouse gas intensity. complementary to this , increasing the level of the energy-based target on advanced biofuels and biogas and introducing a target for renewable fuels of non-biological origin would ensure an increased use of the renewable fuels with smallest environmental impact in transport modes that are difficult to electrify. the achievement of those targets should be ensured by obligations on fuel suppliers as well as by other measures included in [regulation (eu) 2021/xxx on the use of renewable and low-carbon fuels in maritime transport - fueleu maritime and regulation (eu) 2021/xxx on ensuring a level playing field for sustainable air transport]. dedicated obligations on aviation fuel suppliers should be set only pursuant to [regulation (eu) 2021/xxx on ensuring a level playing field for sustainable air transport]. ### (29) the use of renewable fuels and renewable electricity in transport can contribute to the decarbonisation of the union transport sector in a cost-effective manner , and improve , amongst other , energy diversification in that sector while promoting innovation , growth and jobs in the union economy and reducing reliance on energy imports. with a view to achieving the increased target for greenhouse gas emission savings defined by the union , the level of renewable energy supplied to all transport modes in the union should be increased. expressing the transport target as a greenhouse gas intensity reduction target would stimulate an increasing use of the most cost-effective and performing fuels , in terms of greenhouse gas savings , in transport. in addition , a greenhouse gas intensity reduction target would stimulate innovation and set out a clear benchmark to compare across fuel types and renewable electricity depending on their greenhouse gas intensity. complementary to this , increasing the level of the energy-based target on advanced biofuels and biogas and introducing a target for renewable fuels of non-biological origin would ensure an increased use of the renewable fuels with smallest environmental impact in transport modes that are difficult to electrify. the achievement of those targets should be ensured by other measures included in [regulation (eu) 2021/xxx on the use of renewable and low-carbon fuels in maritime transport - fueleu maritime and regulation (eu) 2021/xxx on ensuring a level playing field for sustainable air transport]. dedicated obligations on aviation fuel suppliers should be set only pursuant to [regulation (eu) 2021/xxx on ensuring a level playing field for sustainable air transport].


### (29) the use of renewable fuels and renewable electricity in transport can contribute to the decarbonisation of the union transport sector in a cost-effective manner , and improve , amongst other , energy diversification in that sector while promoting innovation , growth and jobs in the union economy and reducing reliance on energy imports. with a view to achieving the increased target for greenhouse gas emission savings defined by the union , the level of renewable energy supplied to all transport modes in the union should be increased. expressing the transport target as a greenhouse gas intensity reduction target would stimulate an increasing use of the most cost-effective and performing fuels , in terms of greenhouse gas savings , in transport. in addition , a greenhouse gas intensity reduction target would stimulate innovation and set out a clear benchmark to compare across fuel types and renewable electricity depending on their greenhouse gas intensity. complementary to this , increasing the level of the energy-based target on advanced biofuels and biogas and introducing a target for renewable fuels of non-biological origin would ensure an increased use of the renewable fuels with smallest environmental impact in transport modes that are difficult to electrify. the achievement of those targets should be ensured by obligations on fuel suppliers as well as by other measures included in [regulation (eu) 2021/xxx on the use of renewable and low-carbon fuels in maritime transport - fueleu maritime and regulation (eu) 2021/xxx on ensuring a level playing field for sustainable air transport]. dedicated obligations on aviation fuel suppliers should be set only pursuant to [regulation (eu) 2021/xxx on ensuring a level playing field for sustainable air transport]. ### (29) the use of renewable fuels and renewable electricity in transport can contribute to the decarbonisation of the union transport sector in a cost-effective manner , and improve , amongst other , energy diversification in that sector while promoting innovation , growth and jobs in the union economy and reducing reliance on energy imports. with a view to achieving the increased target for greenhouse gas emission savings defined by the union , the level of renewable energy supplied to all transport modes in the union should be increased. expressing the transport target as a greenhouse gas intensity reduction target would stimulate an increasing use of the most cost-effective and performing fuels , in terms of greenhouse gas savings , in transport. in addition , a greenhouse gas intensity reduction target would stimulate innovation and set out a clear benchmark to compare across fuel types and renewable electricity depending on their greenhouse gas intensity. however , in order to ensure the achievement of the greenhouse gas emission savings target , member states should have the possibility to do so by means of measures targeting volumes , energy content or greenhouse gas emissions , provided that it is demonstrated that the greenhouse gas intensity reduction and minimum shares are achieved. complementary to this , increasing the level of the energy-based target on advanced biofuels and biogas and introducing a target for renewable fuels of non-biological origin would ensure an increased use of the renewable fuels with smallest environmental impact in transport modes that are difficult to electrify. the achievement of those targets should be ensured by obligations on fuel suppliers as well as by other measures included in [regulation (eu) 2021/xxx on the use of renewable and low-carbon fuels in maritime transport - fueleu maritime and regulation (eu) 2021/xxx on ensuring a level playing field for sustainable air transport]. dedicated obligations on aviation fuel suppliers should be set only pursuant to [regulation (eu) 2021/xxx on ensuring a level playing field for sustainable air transport].


### (30) electromobility will play an essential role in decarbonising the transport sector. to foster the further development of electromobility , member states should establish a credit mechanism enabling operators of charging points accessible to the public to contribute , by supplying renewable electricity , towards the fulfilment of the obligation set up by member states on fuel suppliers. while supporting electricity in transport through such a mechanism , it is important that member states continue setting a high level of ambition for the decarbonisation of their liquid fuel mix in transport. ### (30) electromobility will play an essential role in decarbonising the transport sector. to foster the further development of electromobility , member states should establish a credit mechanism enabling operators of charging points accessible to the public. as well as private charging points to contribute , by supplying renewable electricity , towards the fulfilment of the obligation set up by member states on fuel suppliers. while supporting electricity in transport through such a mechanism , it is important that member states continue setting a high level of ambition for the decarbonisation of their liquid fuel mix mainly in hard-to-decarbonise transport sectors , such as the maritime and aviation sectors.


### (31) the union’s renewable energy policy aims to contribute to achieving the climate change mitigation objectives of the european union in terms of the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. in the pursuit of this goal , it is essential to also contribute to wider environmental objectives , and in particular the prevention of biodiversity loss , which is negatively impacted by the indirect land use change associated to the production of certain biofuels , bioliquids and biomass fuels. contributing to these climate and environmental objectives constitutes a deep and longstanding intergenerational concern for union citizens and the union legislator. as a consequence , the changes in the way the transport target is calculated should not affect the limits established on how to account toward that target certain fuels produced from food and feed crops on the one hand and high indirect land-use change-risk fuels on the other hand. in addition , in order not to create an incentive to use biofuels and biogas produced from food and feed crops in transport , member states should continue to be able to choose whether count them or not towards the transport target. if they do not count them , they may reduce the greenhouse gas intensity reduction target accordingly , assuming that food and feed crop-based biofuels save 50% greenhouse gas emissions , which corresponds to the typical values set out in an annex to this directive for the greenhouse gas emission savings of the most relevant production pathways of food and feed crop-based biofuels as well as the minimum savings threshold applying to most installations producing such biofuels. ### (31) the union’s renewable energy policy aims to contribute to achieving the climate change mitigation objectives of the european union in terms of the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. in the pursuit of this goal , it is essential to also contribute to wider environmental objectives , and in particular the prevention of biodiversity loss , which is negatively impacted by the indirect land use change associated to the production of certain biofuels , bioliquids and biomass fuels. apart from land use impacts , the increased demand for food commodities for biofuels perpetuates an agricultural model based on intensive agriculture , contributing to the alarming decline in biodiversity and intensifying the pressure on land access worldwide , increasing the risk of land grabbing in developing countries. contributing to these climate and environmental objectives constitutes a deep and longstanding intergenerational concern for union citizens and the union legislator. as a consequence , the changes in the way the transport target is calculated should not affect the limits established on how to account toward that target certain fuels produced from food and feed crops on the one hand and high indirect land-use change-risk fuels on the other hand. in addition , in order not to create an incentive to use biofuels and biogas produced from food and feed crops in transport , member states should continue to be able to choose whether count them or not towards the transport target. if they do not count them , they may reduce the greenhouse gas intensity reduction target accordingly , assuming that food and feed crop-based biofuels save 50% greenhouse gas emissions , which corresponds to the typical values set out in an annex to this directive for the greenhouse gas emission savings of the most relevant production pathways of food and feed crop-based biofuels as well as the minimum savings threshold applying to most installations producing such biofuels.


### 1. member states shall collectively ensure that the share of energy from renewable sources in the union’s gross final consumption of energy in 2030 is at least 40%.; ### 1. member states shall collectively ensure that the share of energy from renewable sources in the union’s gross final consumption of energy in 2030 is at least 45%.;


### member states shall grant no support for: ### deleted


### no later than one year after [the entry into force of this amending directive] , the commission shall adopt a delegated act in accordance with article 35 on how to apply the cascading principle for biomass , in particular on how to minimise the use of quality roundwood for energy production , with a focus on support schemes and with due regard to national specificities. ### no later than one year after [the entry into force of this amending directive] , the commission shall adopt a delegated act in accordance with article 35 on how to apply the cascading principle for biomass , in particular on how to minimise the use of quality roundwood for energy production , and while taking into account available volumes of feedstock and share of pre-existing competing industrial uses other than energy purposes , with a focus on support schemes and with due regard to national specificities. this delegated act shall consider the necessary forest management activities , aimed notably at ensuring wildfire prevention.


### 4a. member states shall establish a framework , which may include support schemes and facilitating the uptake of renewable power purchase agreements , enabling the deployment of renewable electricity to a level that is consistent with the member state’s national contribution referred to in paragraph 2 and at a pace that is consistent with the indicative trajectories referred to in article 4(a)(2) of regulation (eu) 2018/1999. in particular , that framework shall tackle remaining barriers , including those related to permitting procedures , to a high level of renewable electricity supply. when designing that framework , member states shall take into account the additional renewable electricity required to meet demand in the transport , industry , building and heating and cooling sectors and for the production of renewable fuels of non-biological origin.; ### 4a. member states shall establish a framework , which may include support schemes and facilitating the uptake of renewable power purchase agreements , enabling the deployment of renewable electricity to a level that is consistent with the member state’s national contribution referred to in paragraph 2 and at a pace that is consistent with the indicative trajectories referred to in article 4(a)(2) of regulation (eu) 2018/1999. in particular , that framework shall tackle remaining barriers , including those related to permitting procedures , to a high level of renewable electricity supply. when designing that framework , member states shall take into account the additional renewable electricity required to meet demand in the transport , industry , building and heating and cooling sectors and for the production of renewable fuels of non-biological origin. member states and their relevant sub-national administrations shall endeavour to promote the most sustainable renewable energy generation technologies , for example by assessing the embodied carbon footprint of the projects and applying sustainability best practices in the project development.;


### 1a. by 31 december 2025 , each member state shall agree to establish at least one joint project with one or more other member states for the production of renewable energy. the commission shall be notified of such an agreement , including the date on which the project is expected to become operational. projects financed by national contributions under the union renewable energy financing mechanism established by commission implementing regulation (eu) 2020/129425 shall be deemed to satisfy this obligation for the member states involved.; ### 1a. by 31 december 2025 , each member state shall agree to establish at least one joint project with one or more other member states for the production of renewable energy. such cooperation may involve local and regional authorities and private operators. the commission shall be notified of such an agreement , including the date on which the project is expected to become operational. projects financed by national contributions under the union renewable energy financing mechanism established by commission implementing regulation (eu) 2020/129425 shall be deemed to satisfy this obligation for the member states involved.;


### 7a. member states bordering a sea basin shall cooperate to jointly define the amount of offshore renewable energy they plan to produce in that sea basin by 2050 , with intermediate steps in 2030 and 2040. they shall take into account the specificities and development in each region , the offshore renewable potential of the sea basin and the importance of ensuring the associated integrated grid planning. member states shall notify that amount in the updated integrated national energy and climate plans submitted pursuant to article 14 of regulation (eu) 2018/1999.; ### 7a. member states bordering a sea basin shall cooperate to jointly define the amount of offshore renewable energy they plan to produce in that sea basin by 2050 , with intermediate steps in 2030 and 2040. they shall take into account the specificities and development in each region , especially the activities that already take place in the affected area , the socioeconomical reality , and the possible harm to the environment , the offshore renewable potential of the sea basin and the importance of ensuring the associated integrated grid planning. member states shall notify that amount in the updated integrated national energy and climate plans submitted pursuant to article 14 of regulation (eu) 2018/1999.;


### 9. by one year after the entry into force of this amending directive , the commission shall review , and where appropriate , propose modifications to , the rules on administrative procedures set out in articles 15 , 16 and 17 and their application , and may take additional measures to support member states in their implementation.; ### 9. by six months after the entry into force of this amending directive , the commission shall revise the guidelines on permit granting to shorten and simplify the process for new and repowered projects , including renewable hybrid plants and co-located facilities , including recommendations to remove administrative barriers to renewable energy projects and the electricity transmission assets necessary for their connection and integration into the electricity system , present best practices on permitting and grid interconnection and key performance indicators on how to apply the rules on administrative procedures set out in this directive. to this end , the commission shall carry out appropriate consultations that include all relevant stakeholders , including local and regional authorities.


### 1. in order to promote the production and use of renewable energy in the building sector , member states shall set an indicative target for the share of renewables in final energy consumption in their buildings sector in 2030 that is consistent with an indicative target of at least a 49 % share of energy from renewable sources in the buildings sector in the union’s final consumption of energy in 2030. the national target shall be expressed in terms of share of national final energy consumption and calculated in accordance with the methodology set out in article 7. member states shall include their target in the updated integrated national energy and climate plans submitted pursuant to article 14 of regulation (eu) 2018/1999 as well as information on how they plan to achieve it. ### 1. in order to promote the production and use of renewable energy in the building sector , member states shall set an indicative target for the share of renewables in final energy consumption in their buildings sector in 2030 that is consistent with an indicative target of at least a 40 % share of energy from renewable sources in the buildings sector in the union’s final consumption of energy in 2030. the national target shall be expressed in terms of share of national final energy consumption and calculated in accordance with the methodology set out in article 7. member states shall include their target in the updated integrated national energy and climate plans submitted pursuant to article 14 of regulation (eu) 2018/1999 as well as information on how they plan to achieve it.


### 1. in order to promote the production and use of renewable energy in the building sector , member states shall set an indicative target for the share of renewables in final energy consumption in their buildings sector in 2030 that is consistent with an indicative target of at least a 49 % share of energy from renewable sources in the buildings sector in the union’s final consumption of energy in 2030. the national target shall be expressed in terms of share of national final energy consumption and calculated in accordance with the methodology set out in article 7. member states shall include their target in the updated integrated national energy and climate plans submitted pursuant to article 14 of regulation (eu) 2018/1999 as well as information on how they plan to achieve it. ### 1. in order to promote the production and use of renewable energy in the building sector , member states shall set an indicative target for the share of renewables in final energy consumption in their buildings sector in 2030 that is consistent with an indicative target of at least a 49 % share of energy from renewable sources in the buildings sector in the union’s final consumption of energy in 2030. the national target shall be expressed in terms of share of national final energy consumption and calculated in accordance with the methodology set out in article 7 including in the calculation of the share of final consumption of the electricity from renewable sources comprising self-consumption , energy communities and the share of renewable energy in the electricity mix. member states shall include their target in the updated integrated national energy and climate plans submitted pursuant to article 14 of regulation (eu) 2018/1999 as well as information on how they plan to achieve it.


### 4. in order to achieve the indicative share of renewable energy set out in paragraph 1 , member states shall promote the use of renewable heating and cooling systems and equipment. to that end , member states shall use all appropriate measures , tools and incentives , including , among others , energy labels developed under regulation (eu) 2017/1369 of the european parliament and of the council26 , energy performance certificates pursuant to directive 2010/31/eu , or other appropriate certificates or standards developed at national or union level , and shall ensure the provision of adequate information and advice on renewable , highly energy efficient alternatives as well as on financial instruments and incentives available to promote an increased replacement rate of old heating systems and an increased switch to solutions based on renewable energy.; ### 4. in order to achieve the share of renewable energy set out in paragraph 1 and 3 , member states shall promote the use of efficient renewable heating and cooling systems and equipment , including smart-renewable-based heating and cooling systems , as well as the smart decentralised energy resources in buildings. to that end , member states shall use all appropriate measures , tools and incentives , including , among others , energy labels developed under regulation (eu) 2017/1369 of the european parliament and of the council26 , energy performance certificates pursuant to directive 2010/31/eu , or other appropriate certificates or standards developed at national or union level , and shall ensure the provision of adequate information and advice through one-stop shops on renewable , highly energy efficient alternatives in accordance with article 21 of the [energy efficiency directive recast] as well as on financial instruments and incentives available to promote an increased replacement rate of old heating and cooling systems and an increased switch to solutions based on renewable energy.;


### 1. in order to promote the production and use of renewable energy in the building sector , member states shall set an indicative target for the share of renewables in final energy consumption in their buildings sector in 2030 that is consistent with an indicative target of at least a 49 % share of energy from renewable sources in the buildings sector in the union’s final consumption of energy in 2030. the national target shall be expressed in terms of share of national final energy consumption and calculated in accordance with the methodology set out in article 7. member states shall include their target in the updated integrated national energy and climate plans submitted pursuant to article 14 of regulation (eu) 2018/1999 as well as information on how they plan to achieve it. ### 1. in order to promote the production and use of renewable energy in the building sector , member states shall set a binding target for the share of renewables in final energy consumption in their buildings sector in 2030 that is consistent with an indicative target of at least a 49 % share of energy from renewable sources in the buildings sector in the union’s final consumption of energy in 2030. the national target shall be expressed in terms of share of national final energy consumption and calculated in accordance with the methodology set out in article 7. member states shall include their target in the updated integrated national energy and climate plans submitted pursuant to article 14 of regulation (eu) 2018/1999 as well as information on how they plan to achieve it.


### 3. member states shall ensure that certification schemes are available for installers and designers of all forms of renewable heating and cooling systems in buildings , industry and agriculture , and for installers of solar photovoltaic systems. those schemes may take into account existing schemes and structures as appropriate , and shall be based on the criteria laid down in annex iv. each member state shall recognise the certification awarded by other member states in accordance with those criteria. ### 3. member states shall ensure that certification schemes are available for installers and designers of all forms of renewable heating and cooling systems in buildings , industry and agriculture , and for installers of solar , thermal and photovoltaic systems , shallow geothermal systems and heat pumps , including storage and active demand respond systems. those schemes may take into account existing schemes and structures as appropriate , and shall be based on the criteria laid down in annex iv. each member state shall recognise the certification awarded by other member states in accordance with those criteria.


### member states shall ensure that trained and qualified installers of renewable heating and cooling systems are available in sufficient numbers for the relevant technologies to service the growth of renewable heating and cooling required to contribute to the annual increase in the share of renewable energy in the heating and cooling sector as set out in article 23. ### member states shall ensure that trained and qualified installers of renewable heating and cooling systems , solar thermal and photovoltaic systems , shallow geothermal systems , heat pumps and storage systems and active demand respond systems are available in sufficient numbers for the relevant technologies to service the growth of renewable heating and cooling required to contribute to the annual increase in the share of renewable energy in the heating and cooling sector as set out in article 23 , in buildings as set out in article 15a and for renewable energy in transport as set out in article 25 , as well as the overall renewable energy target as set out in article 3.


### to achieve such sufficient numbers of installers and designers , member states shall ensure that sufficient training programmes leading to qualification or certification covering renewable heating and cooling technologies , and their latest innovative solutions , are made available. member states shall put in place measures to promote participation in such programmes , in particular by small and medium-sized enterprises and the self-employed. member states may put in place voluntary agreements with the relevant technology providers and vendors to train sufficient numbers of installers , which may be based on estimates of sales , in the latest innovative solutions and technologies available on the market. ### to achieve such sufficient numbers of installers and designers , member states or their competent authorities at regional and local level , may promote shall ensure that sufficient training programmes leading to qualification or certification covering renewable heating and cooling technologies , storage technologies , and their latest innovative solutions , including infrastructure are made available. member states shall put in place measures to promote participation in such programmes , in particular by small and medium-sized enterprises and the self-employed. member states may put in place voluntary agreements with the relevant technology providers and vendors to train sufficient numbers of installers , which may be based on estimates of sales , in the latest innovative solutions and technologies available on the market.


### to that end , member states shall ensure that a guarantee of origin is issued in response to a request from a producer of energy from renewable sources. member states may arrange for guarantees of origin to be issued for energy from non-renewable sources. issuance of guarantees of origin may be made subject to a minimum capacity limit. a guarantee of origin shall be of the standard size of 1 mwh. no more than one guarantee of origin shall be issued in respect of each unit of energy produced.; ### to that end , member states shall ensure that a guarantee of origin is issued in response to a request from a producer of energy from renewable sources. issuance of guarantees of origin may be made subject to a minimum capacity limit. a guarantee of origin shall be of the standard size of 1 mwh. no more than one guarantee of origin shall be issued in respect of each unit of energy produced.;


### 1. member states shall endeavour to increase the share of renewable sources in the amount of energy sources used for final energy and non-energy purposes in the industry sector by an indicative average minimum annual increase of 1.1 percentage points by 2030. ### 1. member states , in coordination with regions and local authorities , shall endeavour to increase the share of renewable sources in the amount of energy sources used for final energy and non-energy purposes in the industry sector by an indicative average minimum annual increase of 1.1 percentage points by 2030.


### member states shall include the measures planned and taken to achieve such indicative increase in their integrated national energy and climate plans and progress reports submitted pursuant to articles 3 , 14 and 17 of regulation (eu) 2018/1999. ### member states , in coordination with regions and cities , shall include the measures planned and taken to achieve such indicative increase in their integrated national energy and climate plans and progress reports submitted pursuant to articles 3 , 14 and 17 of regulation (eu) 2018/1999.


### member states shall ensure that the contribution of renewable fuels of non-biological origin used for final energy and non-energy purposes shall be 50 % of the hydrogen used for final energy and non-energy purposes in industry by 2030. for the calculation of that percentage , the following rules shall apply: ### member states , in coordination with regions and cities , shall ensure that the contribution of renewable fuels of non-biological origin used for final energy and non-energy purposes shall be 50 % of the hydrogen used for final energy and non-energy purposes in industry by 2030. for the calculation of that percentage , the following rules shall apply:


### 2. member states shall ensure that industrial products that are labelled or claimed to be produced with renewable energy and renewable fuels of non-biological origin shall indicate the percentage of renewable energy used or renewable fuels of non-biological origin used in the raw material acquisition and pre-processing , manufacturing and distribution stage , calculated on the basis of the methodologies laid down in recommendation 2013/179/eu27 or , alternatively , iso 14067:2018.; ### 2. member states , in coordination with regions and cities , shall ensure that industrial products that are labelled or claimed to be produced with renewable energy and renewable fuels of non-biological origin shall indicate the percentage of renewable energy used or renewable fuels of non-biological origin used in the raw material acquisition and pre-processing , manufacturing and distribution stage , calculated on the basis of the methodologies laid down in recommendation 2013/179/eu27 or , alternatively , iso 14067:2018.;


### 1a. member states shall carry out an assessment of their potential of energy from renewable sources and of the use of waste heat and cold in the heating and cooling sector including , where appropriate , an analysis of areas suitable for their deployment at low ecological risk and of the potential for small-scale household projects. the assessment shall set out milestones and measures to in increase renewables in heating and cooling and , where appropriate , the use of waste heat and cold through district heating and cooling with a view of establishing a long-term national strategy to decarbonise heating and cooling. the assessment shall be part of the integrated national energy and climate plans referred to in articles 3 and 14 of regulation (eu) 2018/1999 , and shall accompany the comprehensive heating and cooling assessment required by article 14(1) of directive 2012/27/eu.; ### 1a. member states shall carry out an assessment of their potential of energy from renewable sources and of the use of waste heat and cold in the heating and cooling sector including , where appropriate , an analysis of areas suitable for their deployment at low ecological risk and of the potential for small-scale household projects with the participation of local and regional authorities. the assessment shall set out milestones and measures to an increase of renewables in heating and cooling and , where appropriate , the use of waste heat and cold through district heating and cooling and small-scale household and smes with a view of establishing a long-term national strategy to decarbonise heating and cooling. the assessment shall be in accordance with the energy efficiency first principle and part of the integrated national energy and climate plans referred to in articles 3 and 14 of regulation (eu) 2018/1999 , and shall accompany the comprehensive heating and cooling assessment required by article 14(1) of directive 2012/27/eu.;


### other policy measures , with an equivalent effect , including fiscal measures , support schemes or other financial incentives. ### other policy measures , with an equivalent effect , including fiscal measures , support schemes or other financial incentives contributing to the installation of renewable heating and cooling equipment and the development of energy networks supplying renewable energy for heating and cooling in buildings and industry.


### when adopting and implementing those measures , member states shall ensure their accessibility to all consumers , in particular those in low-income or vulnerable households , who would not otherwise possess sufficient up-front capital to benefit.; ### when adopting and implementing those measures , member states shall ensure their accessibility to all consumers including those who are tenants , in particular those in low-income or vulnerable households and shall require a significant share of masures to be implemented as a priority in households living in a condition of energy poverty as defined in the [energy efficiency directive recast] and in social housing , who would not otherwise possess sufficient up-front capital to benefit.;


### 4. member states shall endeavour to increase the share of energy from renewable sources and from waste heat and cold in district heating and cooling by at least 2.1 percentage points as an annual average calculated for the period 2021 to 2025 and for the period 2026 to 2030 , starting from the share of energy from renewable sources and from waste heat and cold in district heating and cooling in 2020 , and shall lay down the measures necessary to that end. the share of renewable energy shall be expressed in terms of share of gross final energy consumption in district heating and cooling adjusted to normal average climatic conditions. ### 4. member states shall endeavour to increase the share of energy from renewable sources and from waste heat and cold in district heating and cooling by at least 1.5 percentage points as an annual average calculated for the period 2021 to 2025 and for the period 2026 to 2030 , starting from the share of energy from renewable sources and from waste heat and cold in district heating and cooling in 2020 , and shall lay down the measures necessary to that end. the share of renewable energy shall be expressed in terms of share of gross final energy consumption in district heating and cooling adjusted to normal average climatic conditions.


### 2. member states shall establish a mechanism allowing fuel suppliers in their territory to exchange credits for supplying renewable energy to the transport sector. economic operators that supply renewable electricity to electric vehicles through public recharging stations shall receive credits , irrespectively of whether the economic operators are subject to the obligation set by the member state on fuel suppliers , and may sell those credits to fuel suppliers , which shall be allowed to use the credits to fulfil the obligation set out in paragraph 1 , first subparagraph.; ### 2. member states shall establish a mechanism allowing fuel suppliers in their territory to exchange credits for supplying renewable energy to the transport sector. economic operators that supply renewable electricity to electric vehicles through public and private recharging stations shall receive credits , irrespectively of whether the economic operators are subject to the obligation set by the member state on fuel suppliers , and may sell those credits to fuel suppliers , which shall be allowed to use the credits to fulfil the obligation set out in paragraph 1 , first subparagraph.;


### the share of advanced biofuels and biogas produced from the feedstock listed in part a of annex ix in the energy supplied to the transport sector is at least 0 ,2 % in 2022 , 0 ,5 % in 2025 and 2 ,2 % in 2030 , and the share of renewable fuels of non-biological origin is at least 2 ,6 % in 2030. ### the share of advanced biofuels and biogas produced from the feedstock listed in part a of annex ix in the energy supplied to the transport sector is at least 0 ,2 % in 2022 , 0 ,5 % in 2025 and 2 ,2 % in 2030 , and an indicative share of renewable fuels is at least [x] % in the energy supplied to the transport sector in 2030.


### for the calculation of the reduction referred to in point (a) and the share referred to in point (b) , member states shall take into account renewable fuels of non-biological origin also when they are used as intermediate products for the production of conventional fuels. for the calculation of the reduction referred to in point (a) , member states may take into account recycled carbon fuels. ### for the calculation of the reduction referred to in point (a) and the share referred to in point (b) , member states shall take into account renewable fuels of non-biological origin also when they are used as intermediate products for the production of transport fuels. for the calculation of the reduction referred to in point (a) , member states shall take into account recycled carbon fuels and may take into account low-carbon electricity meeting criteria in article 29. point 10 (d) , and for the sub-target on renewable fuels of nonbiological origin referred to in point (b) may take into account low-carbon hydrogen.


### 2. member states shall establish a mechanism allowing fuel suppliers in their territory to exchange credits for supplying renewable energy to the transport sector. economic operators that supply renewable electricity to electric vehicles through public recharging stations shall receive credits , irrespectively of whether the economic operators are subject to the obligation set by the member state on fuel suppliers , and may sell those credits to fuel suppliers , which shall be allowed to use the credits to fulfil the obligation set out in paragraph 1 , first subparagraph.; ### 2. member states shall establish a mechanism allowing fuel suppliers in their territory to exchange credits for supplying renewable energy to the transport sector. economic operators that supply renewable electricity to electric vehicles through public recharging stations or directly to consumers’ location measured and reported by using smart metering system shall receive credits , irrespectively of whether the economic operators are subject to the obligation set by the member state on fuel suppliers , and may sell those credits to fuel suppliers , which shall be allowed to use the credits to fulfil the obligation set out in paragraph 1 , first subparagraph.;


### for the calculation of a member state's gross final consumption of energy from renewable sources referred to in article 7 and of the greenhouse gas intensity reduction target referred to in article 25(1) , first subparagraph , point (a) , the share of biofuels and bioliquids , as well as of biomass fuels consumed in transport , where produced from food and feed crops , shall be no more than one percentage point higher than the share of such fuels in the final consumption of energy in the transport sector in 2020 in that member state , with a maximum of 7 % of final consumption of energy in the transport sector in that member state.; ### for the calculation of a member state's gross final consumption of energy from renewable sources referred to in article 7 and of the greenhouse gas intensity reduction target referred to in article 25(1) , first subparagraph , point (a) , the share of biofuels and bioliquids , as well as of biomass fuels consumed in transport , where produced from food and feed crops , shall be no more than 7 % of final consumption of energy in the transport sector in that member state in 2020.;


### (iv) the share of biofuels and biogas produced from the feedstock listed in part b of annex ix in the energy content of fuels and electricity supplied to the transport sector shall , except in cyprus and malta , be limited to 1 ,7 %; ### (iv) the share of biofuels and biogas produced from the feedstock listed in part b of annex ix in the energy content of fuels and electricity supplied to the transport sector shall be limited to 1 ,7 %;


### (iii) for renewable electricity , by multiplying the amount of renewable electricity that is supplied to all transport modes by the fossil fuel comparator ecf(e) set out in in annex v; ### (iii) for renewable and low-carbon electricity , by multiplying the amount of renewable electricity that is supplied to all transport modes by the fossil fuel comparator ecf(e) set out in in annex v;


### (iv) the share of biofuels and biogas produced from the feedstock listed in part b of annex ix in the energy content of fuels and electricity supplied to the transport sector shall , except in cyprus and malta , be limited to 1 ,7 %; ### (iv) the share of biofuels and biogas produced from the feedstock listed in part b of annex ix in the energy content of fuels and electricity supplied to the transport sector shall , except in cyprus and malta , be limited to 3 ,4 %; member states may , in justified cases increase that limit , taking into account the availability of feedstock. any such modification shall be subject to approval by the commission;


### the greenhouse gas intensity reduction from the use of renewable energy is determined by dividing the greenhouse gas emissions saving from the use of biofuels , biogas and renewable electricity supplied to all transport modes by the baseline. ### the greenhouse gas intensity reduction from the use of renewable energy is determined by dividing the greenhouse gas emissions saving from the use of biofuels , biogas , renewable fuels of non-biological origin , recycled carbon fuels and renewable or low-carbon electricity supplied to all transport modes by the baseline.


### — (a) in the case of solid biomass fuels , in installations producing electricity , heating and cooling with a total rated thermal input equal to or exceeding 5 mw , ### — (a) in the case of solid biomass fuels , in installations producing electricity , heating and cooling with a total rated thermal input equal to or exceeding 20 mw ,


### at least 70 % for electricity , heating and cooling production from biomass fuels used in installations until 31 december 2025 , and at least 80 % from 1 january 2026.; ### at least 60 % for electricity , heating and cooling production from biomass fuels used in installations starting operation from 1 june 2021 until 31 december 2025 , and at least 70 % for installations starting operation from 1 january 2026.;


### at least 70 % for electricity , heating and cooling production from biomass fuels used in installations until 31 december 2025 , and at least 80 % from 1 january 2026.; ### at least 60 % for electricity , heating and cooling production from biomass fuels used in installations starting operation from 1 january 2021 until 31 december 2025 , and at least 70 % for installations starting operation from 1 january 2026.;


### 1. energy from renewable fuels of non-biological origin shall be counted towards member states’ shares of renewable energy and the targets referred to in articles 3(1) , 15a(1) , 22a(1) , 23(1) , 24(4) and 25(1) only if the greenhouse gas emissions savings from the use of those fuels are at least 70 %. ### 1. energy from renewable and low-carbon fuels of non-biological origin shall be counted towards member states’ shares of renewable energy and the targets referred to in articles 3(1) , 15a(1) , 22a(1) , 23(1) , 24(4) and 25(1) only if the greenhouse gas emissions savings independently of the technology from the use of those fuels are at least 70 %.


### with regard to the first subparagraph , point (a) , (b) , or (c) , gas and electricity from renewable sources shall be considered only once for the purposes of calculating the share of gross final consumption of energy from renewable sources. energy produced from renewable fuels of non-biological origin shall be accounted in the sector - electricity , heating and cooling or transport - where it is consumed. ### with regard to the first subparagraph , point (a) , (b) , or (c) , gas and electricity from renewable sources shall be considered only once for the purposes of calculating the share of gross final consumption of energy from renewable sources. energy produced from renewable fuels of non-biological origin shall be accounted in the sector - electricity , heating and cooling or transport - where it is consumed. when renewable fuels of non-biological origin are consumed by a member state different than the producing member state , a minimum level of energy shall be accounted in the member state where it is produced.


### the shares of advanced biofuels and biogas produced from the feedstock listed in part a of annex ix and of renewable fuels of non-biological origin supplied in the aviation and maritime modes shall be considered to be 1 ,2 times their energy content.; ### the shares of advanced biofuels and biogas produced from the feedstock listed in part a of annex ix and of renewable fuels of non-biological origin supplied in the aviation , road , rail and maritime modes shall be considered to be 1 ,2 times their energy content.;


### where electricity is used for the production of renewable fuels of non-biological origin , either directly or for the production of intermediate products , the average share of electricity from renewable sources in the country of production , as measured two years before the year in question , shall be used to determine the share of renewable energy.; ### where additional electricity is used for the production of renewable fuels of non-biological origin , either directly or for the production of intermediate products , the average share of electricity from renewable sources in the country of production , as measured two years before the year in question , shall be used to determine the share of renewable energy.;


### where electricity is used for the production of renewable fuels of non-biological origin , either directly or for the production of intermediate products , the average share of electricity from renewable sources in the country of production , as measured two years before the year in question , shall be used to determine the share of renewable energy.; ### where electricity is used for the production of renewable fuels of non-biological origin , either directly or for the production of intermediate products , the average share of electricity from renewable sources or low-carbon electricity in the country of production , as measured two years before the year in question , shall be used to determine the share of renewable energy.;


### (6) when calculating the share of renewables in a member state , renewable fuels of non-biological origin should be counted in the sector where they are consumed (electricity , heating and cooling , or transport). to avoid double-counting , the renewable electricity used to produce these fuels should not be counted. this would result in a harmonisation of the accounting rules for these fuels throughout the directive , regardless of whether they are counted for the overall renewable energy target or for any sub-target. it would also allow to count the real energy consumed , taking account of energy losses in the process to produce those fuels. moreover , it would allow for the accounting of renewable fuels of non-biological origin imported into and consumed in the union. ### (6) when calculating the share of renewables in a member state , renewable fuels of non-biological origin should be counted in the sector where they are consumed (electricity , heating and cooling , or transport). to avoid double-counting , the renewable electricity used to produce these fuels should not be counted. this would result in a harmonisation of the accounting rules for these fuels throughout the directive , regardless of whether they are counted for the overall renewable energy target or for any sub-target. it would also allow to count the real energy consumed , taking account of energy losses in the process to produce those fuels. moreover , it would allow for the accounting of renewable fuels of non-biological origin imported into and consumed in the union. when renewable fuels of non-biological origin are consumed in a member state other than the member state where they were produced , in order to compensate the costs incurred by the producing member state and to avoid discouraging investments , rules should be established to account for at least a minimum amount of the renewable fuels of non-biological origin consumed in a member state towards the share of gross final consumption of energy from renewable sources in the member state where they were produced.


### e. whereas in 2021 the ombudsman opened 338 inquiries , of which 332 were complaint-based and 6 own-initiative , and closed 305 inquiries (300 complaint-based and 5 own-initiative); whereas the greater part of the inquiries concerned the commission (208 inquiries or 61.5 %); whereas the next largest numbers concerned the european external action service (eeas) (16 inquiries or 4.7 %) , parliament (13 inquiries or 3.8 %) , the european personnel selection office (13 inquiries or 3.8 %) , the european border and coast guard agency (frontex) (11 inquiries or 3.3 %) , the european medicines agency (8 inquiries or 2.4 %) , the council of the european union (7 inquiries or 2.1 %) , the european anti-fraud office (6 inquiries or 1.8 %) , and other institutions (34 inquiries or 10.1 %); ### e. whereas in 2021 the ombudsman opened 338 inquiries , of which 332 were complaint-based and 6 own-initiative , and closed 305 inquiries (300 complaint-based and 5 own-initiative); whereas the enquiries help focus public attention on problems , which can help to promote change; whereas the greater part of the inquiries concerned the commission (208 inquiries or 61.5 %); whereas the next largest numbers concerned the european external action service (eeas) (16 inquiries or 4.7 %) , parliament (13 inquiries or 3.8 %) , the european personnel selection office (13 inquiries or 3.8 %) , the european border and coast guard agency (frontex) (11 inquiries or 3.3 %) , the european medicines agency (8 inquiries or 2.4 %) , the council of the european union (7 inquiries or 2.1 %) , the european anti-fraud office (6 inquiries or 1.8 %) , and other institutions (34 inquiries or 10.1 %);


### 6. strongly believes that citizens’ access to all documents of the european institutions is the basis of a participatory democracy; welcomes the ombudsman’s efforts to improve public participation in and the legitimacy of the eu decision-making process; points out that the right to refer a matter to the ombudsman increases citizens’ engagement with and trust in the eu institutions , as it promotes transparency and the good administration of the eu institutions and bodies; ### 6. strongly believes that citizens’ access to all documents of the european institutions is the basis of a participatory democracy and helps improve public awareness of and support for the eu institutions; welcomes the ombudsman’s efforts to improve public participation in and the legitimacy of the eu decision-making process; points out that the right to refer a matter to the ombudsman increases citizens’ engagement with and trust in the eu institutions , as it promotes transparency and the good administration of the eu institutions and bodies;


### 7. considers it very important to continue to properly inform eu citizens about the ombudsman’s role and the scope of the activities carried out by the ombudsman , and of the ombudsman’s influence on the development of the eu institutions; ### 7. considers it very important to continue to properly inform eu citizens about the ombudsman’s role and the scope of the activities carried out by the ombudsman , and of the ombudsman’s influence on the development of the eu institutions; underlines that wider access to such documents is crucial to ensure that eu citizens can scrutinise and be aware of the information forming the basis for legislative action and , thus , is a precondition for the effective exercise of citizens’ democratic rights;


### 9. highlights that 2021 marked the twentieth anniversary of the transparency regulation coming into force; welcomes the special focus of the ombudsman’s office on this matter throughout the year 2021; notes with concern that the current legislation on public access to eu documents is severely obsolete due to technological advances in access to documentation in recent decades; considers it a priority to revise the transparency regulation in order to place the eu at the forefront of public access to eu documents and democratic transparency for citizens; welcomes the ombudsman’s input in relation to the transparency regulation and invites the commission , the council and the relevant committee in parliament to take the initiative on its revision; ### 9. highlights that 2021 marked the twentieth anniversary of the transparency regulation coming into force; welcomes the special focus of the ombudsman’s office on this matter throughout the year 2021; notes with concern that the current legislation on public access to eu documents is severely obsolete due to technological advances in access to documentation and new means of communication and different ways of recording , managing and storing information in recent decades; considers it a priority to revise the transparency regulation in order to place the eu at the forefront of public access to eu documents and democratic transparency for citizens; welcomes the ombudsman’s input in relation to the transparency regulation and invites the commission , the council and the relevant committee in parliament to take the initiative on its revision;


### 11. takes note of the fact that the commission , as stated by vice-president věra jourová during the public conference ‘access to eu documents: what next?’ , stands ready to continue the legislative work , in partnership with the co-legislators , on the two proposals to update the transparency regulation on access to documents , and to withdraw the proposals with a view to tabling an updated one; ### 11. takes note of the fact that the commission , as stated by vice-president věra jourová during the public conference ‘access to eu documents: what next?’ , stands ready to continue the legislative work , in partnership with the co-legislators , on the two proposals to update the transparency regulation on access to documents , and to withdraw the proposals with a view to tabling an updated one; calls for an urgent reform to ensure that the eu’ access to documents rules are brought into line with the digital age;


### 12. reiterates its call for the eu institutions to ensure that informal trilogues are more transparent by holding the meetings in public; reiterates its call also to publish documentation including calendars , agendas , minutes , documents examined , amendments , decisions taken , information on member state delegations and their positions and minutes , in a standardised and easily accessible online environment , by default and without prejudice to the exemptions listed in article 4(1) of the transparency regulation; ### 12. reiterates its call for the eu institutions to ensure that informal trilogues are more transparent by holding the meetings in public; reiterates its call also to publish documentation including calendars , agendas , minutes , documents examined , amendments , decisions taken , information on member state delegations and their positions and minutes , and lists of the political decision-makers involved in every procedure , in a standardised and easily accessible online environment , by default and without prejudice to the exemptions listed in article 4(1) of the transparency regulation;


### 14. welcomes the opening of an inquiry into the commission’s role in assessing the sustainability of gas projects listed as projects of regional significance by the energy community – which brings together the eu , countries in the western balkans , countries in the black sea region , and norway – as the gas projects might not have been covered by an adequate sustainability assessment before being included on the list; recalls that these projects were evaluated according to a methodology formerly used by the commission for its list of projects of common interest , which is currently inadequate and no longer used; considers that , particularly in the current geopolitical energy context , energy projects promoted or financed by the eu should be evaluated in the most transparent , consistent and participative way possible; ### 14. takes note of the opening of an inquiry into the commission’s role in assessing the sustainability of gas projects listed as projects of regional significance by the energy community which brings together the eu , countries in the western balkans , countries in the black sea region , and norway; recalls that these projects were evaluated according to a methodology formerly used by the commission for its list of projects of common interest; considers that energy projects promoted or financed by the eu should be evaluated in the most transparent , consistent and participative way possible;


### 22. encourages the ombudsman to continue her collaboration with national ombudsmen through the eno; believes it necessary to step up interactions and exchanges of best practices with and between national and regional ombudsmen and the european ombudsman to ensure that citizens are better informed about their rights and have better guidance when making complaints; ### 22. encourages the ombudsman to continue her collaboration with national and regional ombudsmen and strengthened cooperation amongst the different actors of the eno that needs to ensure a high level of decision consistency; believes it necessary to step up interactions and exchanges of best practices with and between national and regional ombudsmen and the european ombudsman to ensure that citizens are better informed about their rights and have better guidance when making complaints;


### 22. encourages the ombudsman to continue her collaboration with national ombudsmen through the eno; believes it necessary to step up interactions and exchanges of best practices with and between national and regional ombudsmen and the european ombudsman to ensure that citizens are better informed about their rights and have better guidance when making complaints; ### 22. encourages the ombudsman to continue her collaboration with national ombudsmen through the eno; believes it necessary to step up interactions and exchanges of best practices with and between national and regional ombudsmen and the european ombudsman to ensure that citizens are better informed about their rights and have better guidance when making complaints; regrets that italy has not yet established the role of national ombudsman;”


### 1. recalls that the withdrawal agreement allowed for the orderly withdrawal of the uk from the eu , avoiding a ‘cliff edge’; ### 1. recalls that the withdrawal agreement was a compromise solution between a full eu membership and a clean break from the eu system; reminds that in the latter case trade between the eu and the uk would still have been governed by the wto's rule-based trading regime , which is the foundation of the international trading system , and which is comprehensive , tried , tested , and respected by the world's trading nations;


### 2. notes that , as expected , brexit has proven to be damaging for all concerned , and even more so for the uk; points out that it would have been much worse without the withdrawal agreement; ### deleted


### 4. notes that some important improvements are still to be made to safeguard citizens’ rights and that the first three years of the implementation of the withdrawal agreement have been tarnished by the uk’s continuous breaches of its commitments under the protocol; ### deleted


### 5. stresses that compliance with treaties constitutes a fundamental principle of international law and that a trusting relationship between the eu and the uk depends on all parties respecting their legally binding commitments; ### 5. stresses that compliance with treaties constitutes a fundamental principle of international law; reminds , however , that according to a general principle of international law , states can terminate or modify a treaty due to changed circumstances;


### 1. emphasises the fundamental role of the committee on petitions in protecting and promoting the rights of eu citizens and residents by ensuring that petitioners’ concerns and complaints are examined in a timely and effective manner and that they are resolved , wherever possible , through an open , democratic and transparent petitions process; ### 1. emphasises the fundamental role of the committee on petitions in protecting and promoting the rights of eu citizens and residents by ensuring that petitioners’ concerns and complaints are examined in a timely , effective , appropriate and non-discriminatory manner and that they are resolved , wherever possible , through an open , democratic and transparent petitions process;


### 4. recalls that petitions contribute considerably to the commission’s role as guardian of the treaties; stresses that reinforced cooperation between the committee on petitions and the commission through timely and detailed answers from the commission , which are based on thorough examination of the issues raised in petitions , are essential to ensure the successful treatment of petitions: reiterates its call on the commission for regular updates on developments in infringement proceedings and for access to relevant commission documents on infringements and eu pilot procedures which have been closed; ### 4. recalls that petitions contribute considerably to the commission’s role as guardian of the treaties; stresses that more structured means of collaboration and reinforced cooperation between the committee on petitions and the commission through timely and detailed answers from the commission , which are based on thorough examination of the issues raised in petitions , are essential to ensure the successful treatment of petitions: points out that the impact of petitions on the initiation of infringement proceedings should be duly recognized; reiterates its call on the commission for regular updates on developments in infringement proceedings and for access to relevant commission documents on infringements and eu pilot procedures which have been closed;


### 5. calls on the commission to assess whether national authorities are taking the necessary measures to respond to citizens’ concerns as expressed in their petitions where cases of systemic failure in compliance with eu law occur; ### 5. calls on the commission to assess whether national authorities are taking the necessary measures to respond to citizens’ concerns as expressed in their petitions where cases of systemic failure in compliance with eu law occur , as well as to trigger infringement procedures where necessary;


### 12. points out that petitions related to the rights of national minorities remained on the agenda of the committee on petitions , especially in the areas of discriminatory practices concerning their right to education in their mother tongue , linguistic or cultural rights , and other rights such as the right to property , as outlined in petitions concerning land confiscation and restitution cases in some member states; ### 12. points out that petitions related to the rights of national minorities remained on the agenda of the committee on petitions , especially in the areas of discriminatory practices concerning their right to education in their autochthonous mother tongue , linguistic or cultural rights , and other rights such as the right to property , as outlined in petitions concerning land confiscation and restitution cases in some member states;


### 13. notes that environmental issues remained an area of serious concern for petitioners in 2021; regrets that environmental rules are not always correctly implemented in the member states , as described in numerous petitions raising complaints about air pollution , the deterioration of natural ecosystems , nuclear safety and the alteration of biodiversity; points to the important work carried out by the committee on petitions to highlight the impact of mining activities on the environment , as demonstrated by the number of petitions received on this topic; draws attention to the public hearing of 2 december 2021 on the environmental and social impacts of mining activity in the eu , held by the committee on petitions in association with the committee on the environment , public health and food safety , in order to acquire scientific knowledge on various aspects including mining legislation , safety standards , the social and environmental impacts of mines , environmental citizenship , public participation and transparency in the mining sector; ### 13. notes that environmental issues remained an area of serious concern for petitioners in 2021; regrets that environmental rules are not always correctly implemented in the member states , as described in numerous petitions raising complaints about air pollution , the deterioration of natural ecosystems , nuclear safety and the alteration of biodiversity; points to the important work carried out by the committee on petitions to highlight the impact of mining activities on the environment , as demonstrated by the number of petitions received on this topic; draws attention to the public hearing of 2 december 2021 on the environmental and social impacts of mining activity in the eu , held by the committee on petitions in association with the committee on the environment , public health and food safety , in order to acquire scientific knowledge on various aspects including mining legislation , safety standards , the social and environmental impacts of mines , environmental citizenship , public participation and transparency in the mining sector; insists that member states should always prioritize the implementation of the precautionary and do no harm principles when considering the authorisation of projects that have an impact on the environment;


### 14. draws attention to the joint hearing of the committee on petitions and the committee on the environment , public health and food safety of 25 february 2021 on plastics and waste management in the circular economy , which focused on the implementation of the current legislative framework on plastic waste , addressing the main challenges encountered by the member states as well as highlighting the opportunities that the legal framework provides with a view to reducing the impact of plastic in the environment across europe; ### 14. draws attention to the joint hearing of the committee on petitions and the committee on the environment , public health and food safety of 25 february 2021 on plastics and waste management in the circular economy , which focused on the implementation of the current legislative framework on plastic waste , addressing the main challenges encountered by the member states as well as highlighting the opportunities that the legal framework provides with a view to reducing the impact of plastic in the environment across europe; calls on the commission to trigger the appropriate legislative initiatives to strongly limit the production of consumer goods with plastics;


### 15. stresses the importance of delivering on eu citizens’ expectations regarding the protection of the environment , and in particular of taking action in the field of water policy to reduce pollution and hazardous residues of chemical substances; points , in this regard , to the resolution of 23 march 2021 on chemical residues in the baltic sea , based on petitions nos 1328/2019 and 0406/2020 (2021/2567(rsp))8 ; ### 15. stresses the importance of delivering on eu citizens’ expectations regarding the protection of the environment , and in particular of taking action in the field of water policy to reduce pollution and hazardous residues of chemical substances; points , in this regard , to the resolution of 23 march 2021 on chemical residues in the baltic sea , based on petitions nos 1328/2019 and 0406/2020 (2021/2567(rsp))8 ; welcomes , in this regard , the legislative proposal for a new directive on environmental criminality and insists on the need to establish the crime of ecocide for unlawful or wanton acts committed with knowledge that there is a substantial likelihood of severe and widespread or long-term damage to the environment being caused by those acts;


### 16. urges the commission , together with the member states , to ensure the correct implementation of eu legislation in the environmental field; ### 16. urges the commission , together with the member states , to ensure the correct implementation of eu legislation in the environmental field; calls on the commission , in this regard , to propose a revision of the directive 2004/35/ec on environmental liability that harmonizes the actions of the competent authorities of the member states in relation to inspection activities , the initiation and development of sanctioning procedures , the specification in the criteria for assessing environmental damage , the mechanisms for attributing environmental damage or situations of imminent danger to the environment , as well as the prevention of insolvency situations through the implementation of a harmonized framework to guarantee the solvency of companies in the event of a sanction that reinforces the preventive function of said directive;


### 17. recalls that increased attention should be given to multilingualism in the eu; encourages in this sense the eu institutions to make use of as many official languages as possible; ### 17. recalls that increased attention should be given to multilingualism in the eu , including regional or minority languages; encourages in this sense the eu institutions to make use of as many official languages as possible , as well as regional or minority languages -especially those with official status in the territory of a member state- where appropriate; underlines that the eu language policy should take into account that more than 40 million eu citizens speak regional or minority languages;