### (5) ‘data holder’ means a legal person or data subject who , in accordance with applicable union or national law , has the right to grant access to or to share certain personal or non-personal data under its control; ### (5) ‘data holder’ means a legal entity , natural person , data subject , public body or international organisation , who , in accordance with applicable union or national law , has the right to grant access to or to share certain personal or non-personal data under its control;


### (6) ‘data user’ means a natural or legal person who has lawful access to certain personal or non-personal data and is authorised to use that data for commercial or non-commercial purposes; ### (6) ‘data user’ means a natural or legal person who has lawful access to certain personal or non-personal data and has the right , including under regulation (eu) 2016/679 in the case of personal data , to use that data for commercial or non-commercial purposes;


### (6) ‘data user’ means a natural or legal person who has lawful access to certain personal or non-personal data and is authorised to use that data for commercial or non-commercial purposes; ### (6) ‘data user’ means a natural person , legal entity or public body who has lawful access to certain personal or non-personal data and is authorised to use that data for commercial or non-commercial purposes; in accordance with applicable union or national law a data processor can also have the role of data user.


### (1) the provider may not use the data for which it provides services for other purposes than to put them at the disposal of data users and data sharing services shall be placed in a separate legal entity; ### (1) the provider may not use the data for which it provides services for other purposes than to put them at the disposal of data users; data sharing services shall be placed in a separate legal entity;


### (11) where a provider provides tools for obtaining consent from data subjects or permissions to process data made available by legal persons , it shall specify the jurisdiction or jurisdictions in which the data use is intended to take place. ### (11) where a provider provides tools for obtaining consent from data subjects or permissions to process data made available by data holders , it shall specify the jurisdiction or jurisdictions outside the union in which the data use is intended to take place and provide data subjects with tools to withdraw consent and data holders with tools to withdraw permissions to process data.


### international access ### international access and transfer


### (5) the public sector body , the natural or legal person to which the right to re-use data was granted under chapter 2 , the data sharing provider and the entity providing data altruism shall inform the data holder about the existence of a request of an administrative authority in a third-country to access its data , except in cases where the request serves law enforcement purposes and for as long as this is necessary to preserve the effectiveness of the law enforcement activity. ### (5) the public sector body , the natural or legal person to which the right to re-use data was granted under chapter 2 , the data sharing provider and the entity providing data altruism shall inform the data subject or the data holder about the existence of a request of an administrative authority in a third-country to access its data , except in cases where the request serves law enforcement purposes and for as long as this is necessary to preserve the effectiveness of the law enforcement activity.


### (8) ‘access’ means processing by a data user of data that has been provided by a data holder , in accordance with specific technical , legal , or organisational requirements , without necessarily implying the transmission or downloading of such data; ### (8) ‘access’ means data use , in accordance with specific technical , legal , or organisational requirements , without necessarily implying the transmission or downloading of such data;


### (4) public sector bodies may impose obligations ### deleted


### (9) the commission may adopt implementing acts declaring that the legal , supervisory and enforcement arrangements of a third country: ### (9) when justified by the volume of cases pursuant to paragraph 10 in specific countries , the commission may adopt implementing acts declaring that the legal , supervisory and enforcement arrangements of a third country:


### (10) public sector bodies shall only transmit confidential data or data protected by intellectual property rights to a re-user which intends to transfer the data to a third country other than a country designated in accordance with paragraph 9 if the re-user undertakes: ### (10) public sector bodies shall impose an obligation upon the re-user not to transfer non-personal data or data protected on grounds set out in article 3 (1) , points (a) , (b) , or (c) to a third country other than a country designated in accordance with paragraph 10a , unless the re-user undertakes:


### providing technical support in the application of tested techniques ensuring data processing in a manner that preserves privacy of the information contained in the data for which re-use is allowed , including techniques for pseudonymisation , anonymisation , generalisation , suppression and randomisation of personal data; ### providing technical support for ensuring data processing in a manner that preserves privacy of the information contained in the data for which re-use is allowed;


### the member states where the provider intends to provide services. ### deleted


### (9) the competent authority shall notify the commission of each new notification. the commission shall keep a register of providers of data sharing services. ### (9) the competent authority shall notify the commission of each new notification. the commission shall keep a public register of all providers of data sharing services in the union , which shall make available the information referred to in paragraph 6 ,points (a) , (b) , (c) , (d) , (f) , (fa) , and (fb).


### general requirements for registration ### general requirements for public interest data hubs


### specific requirements to safeguard rights and interests of data subjects and legal entities as regards their data ### specific requirements to safeguard rights and interests of data subjects and data holders as regards their data


### (1) natural and legal persons shall have the right to lodge a complaint with the relevant national competent authority against a provider of data sharing services or an entity entered in the register of recognised data altruism organisations. ### (1) natural and legal persons shall have the right to lodge a complaint , individually or by the representatives of one or more natural persons , with the relevant national competent authority against a provider of data sharing services or an entity entered in the register of recognised data altruism organisations.


### (2) proceedings pursuant to this article shall be brought before the courts of the member state in which the authority against which the judicial remedy is sought is located. ### (2) proceedings pursuant to this article shall be brought before the courts of the member state in which the authority against which the judicial remedy is sought is located , individually or by the representatives of one or more natural persons.


### (4) the zero pollution action plan also sets out a vision for the year 2050 , where air pollution is reduced to levels no longer considered harmful to health and natural ecosystems. to this end , a staged approach towards setting current and future eu air quality standards should be pursued , establishing intermediate air quality standards for the year 2030 and beyond , and developing a perspective for alignment with the who air quality guidelines by the year 2050 at the latest based on a regular review mechanism to take into account the latest scientific understanding. given the links between pollution reduction and decarbonisation , the long-term objective to achieve the zero pollution ambition should be pursued hand in hand with reduction of greenhouse gas emissions as set by regulation (eu) 2021/1119 of the european parliament and of the council42 . ### (4) the zero pollution action plan also sets out a vision for the year 2050 , where air pollution is reduced to levels no longer considered harmful to health and natural ecosystems. to this end , a staged approach towards setting current and future eu air quality standards should be pursued , establishing intermediate air quality standards for the year 2030 and beyond , ensuring the full alignment of eu air quality standards with the who air quality guidelines as soon as possible in the short- to medium-term , based on a regular review mechanism to take into account the latest scientific understanding. since transport emissions are the main source for air pollution in urban and coastal environment and given the links between pollution reduction and decarbonisation , the long-term objective to achieve the zero pollution ambition should be pursued hand in hand with reduction of greenhouse gas emissions as set by regulation (eu) 2021/1119 of the european parliament and of the council42 .


### (5) in taking the relevant measures at union and national level to achieve the zero pollution objective for air pollution , member states , the european parliament , the council and the commission should be guided by the ‘precautionary principle’ and the ‘polluter pays principle’ established in the treaty on the functioning of the european union , and the ‘do no harm’ principle of the european green deal. they should , inter alia , take into account: the contribution of improved air quality to public health , the quality of the environment , the well-being of citizens , the prosperity of society , employment and the competitiveness of the economy; the energy transition , strengthened energy security and the tackling of energy poverty; food security and affordability; the development of sustainable and smart mobility and transport solutions; the impact of behavioural changes; fairness and solidarity across and within member states , in light of their economic capability , national circumstances , such as the specificities of islands , and the need for convergence over time; the need to make the transition just and socially fair through appropriate education and training programmes; best available and most recent scientific evidence , in particular the findings reported by the who; the need to integrate air pollution related risks into investment and planning decisions; cost-effectiveness and technological neutrality in achieving air pollutant emission reductions; and progression over time in environmental integrity and level of ambition. ### (5) in taking the relevant measures at union and national level to achieve the zero pollution objective for air pollution , member states , the european parliament , the council and the commission should be guided by the ‘precautionary principle’ and the ‘polluter pays principle’ established in the treaty on the functioning of the european union , and the ‘do no harm’ principle of the european green deal. they should , inter alia , take into account: the contribution of improved air quality to public health , the quality of the environment , the well-being of citizens , the prosperity of society , employment and the competitiveness of the economy; the energy transition , strengthened energy security and the tackling of energy poverty; food security and affordability; the development of sustainable and smart mobility and the modal shift towards such transport solutions; the impact of behavioural changes; fairness and solidarity across and within member states; the need to make the transition just and socially fair through appropriate education and training programmes , since poor and vulnerable people are disproportionately affected by pollution; best available and most recent scientific evidence , in particular the findings reported by the who; the need to integrate air pollution related risks into investment and planning decisions; cost-effectiveness and technological neutrality in achieving air pollutant emission reductions; and progression over time in environmental integrity and level of ambition.


### (11) it is important that pollutants of emerging concern , such as ultrafine particles , black carbon and elemental carbon , as well as ammonia and the oxidative potential of particulate matter , be monitored in order to support scientific understanding of their effects on health and the environment , as recommended by the who. ### (11) it is important that pollutants of emerging concern , such as ultrafine particles , black carbon , and elemental carbon , as well as ammonia and the oxidative potential of particulate matter , be monitored in order to support further scientific understanding of their effects on health and the environment , as recommended by the who.


### (16) scientific evidence shows that sulphur dioxide , nitrogen dioxide and oxides of nitrogen , particulate matter , lead , benzene , carbon monoxide , arsenic , cadmium , nickel , some polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and ozone are responsible for significant negative impacts on human health . impact on human health and the environment occurs via concentrations in ambient air . ### (16) scientific evidence shows that sulphur dioxide , nitrogen dioxide and oxides of nitrogen , particulate matter , lead , benzene , carbon monoxide , arsenic , cadmium , nickel , some polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and ozone are responsible for significant negative impacts of adverse health effects in humans which can result in premature death and in particular affect vulnerable groups. emissions and concentrations of these pollutant substances in ambient air stem from multiple sources , but the most abundant ones come from the transport sector , and have detrimental impact on human health and the environment.


### (18) the average exposure of the population to the pollutants with the highest documented impact on human health , fine particulate matter (pm2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (no2) , should be reduced based on who recommendations. to this end , an average exposure reduction obligation should be introduced for these pollutants , in addition to limit values. ### (18) the average exposure of the population to the pollutants with the highest documented impact on human health , fine particulate matter (pm2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (no2) , should be reduced based on who recommendations. in 2020 , road transport was the principal source of these pollutants , responsible for 37 % of nitrogen oxides emissions and 40 % of pm 2.5 emissions1a. to this end , an average exposure reduction obligation should be introduced for these pollutants , in addition to limit values.


### (19) the fitness check of the ambient air quality directives (directives 2004/107/ec and 2008/50/ec)45 has shown that limit values are more effective in bringing down pollutant concentrations than target values. with the aim of minimising harmful effects on human health , paying particular attention to vulnerable groups and sensitive populations , and the environment limit values should be set for the concentration of sulphur dioxide , nitrogen dioxide , particulate matter , lead , benzene , carbon monoxide , arsenic , cadmium , nickel and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in ambient air . benzo(a)pyrene should be used as a marker for the carcinogenic risk of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in ambient air. ### (19) the fitness check of the ambient air quality directives (directives 2004/107/ec and 2008/50/ec)45 has shown that limit values are more effective in bringing down pollutant concentrations than target values. with the aim of minimising harmful effects on human health , paying particular attention to vulnerable groups , including workers in the transport sector , people living in heavily trafficked neighbourhoods and sensitive populations , and the environment limit values should be set for the concentration of sulphur dioxide , nitrogen dioxide , particulate matter , black carbon , lead , benzene , carbon monoxide , arsenic , cadmium , nickel and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in ambient air . benzo(a)pyrene should be used as a marker for the carcinogenic risk of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in ambient air.


### (28) the risk posed by air pollution to vegetation and natural ecosystems is most important in places away from urban areas. the assessment of such risks and the compliance with critical levels for the protection of vegetation should therefore focus on places away from built-up areas. this assessment should take into account and complement requirements under directive 2016/2284/eu to monitor the impacts of air pollution on terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems , and to report such impacts. ### (28) the risk posed by air pollution to vegetation and natural ecosystems is most important in places away from urban areas since urban pollution is drifting to rural areas , in addition to pollution through motorways and airports in rural vicinities. the assessment of such risks and the compliance with critical levels for the protection of vegetation should therefore focus on places away from built-up areas. this assessment should take into account and complement requirements under directive 2016/2284/eu to monitor the impacts of air pollution on terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems , and to report such impacts.


### (29) contributions from natural sources can be assessed but cannot be controlled. therefore , where natural contributions to pollutants in ambient air can be determined with sufficient certainty , and where exceedances are due in whole or in part to these natural contributions , these may , under the conditions laid down in this directive , be subtracted when assessing compliance with air quality limit values and average exposure reduction obligations . contributions to exceedances of particulate matter limit values attributable to winter-sanding or winter -salting of roads may also be subtracted when assessing compliance with air quality limit values provided that reasonable measures have been taken to lower concentrations. ### (29) contributions from natural sources can be assessed but cannot be controlled. therefore , where natural contributions to pollutants in ambient air can be determined with sufficient certainty , and where exceedances are due in whole or in part to these natural contributions , these may , under the conditions laid down in this directive , be subtracted when assessing compliance with air quality limit values and average exposure reduction obligations . contributions to exceedances of particulate matter limit values attributable to winter-sanding or winter -salting of roads may also be subtracted in exceptional circumstances when assessing compliance with air quality limit values provided that reasonable measures have been taken to lower concentrations.


### (30) for zones where conditions are particularly difficult , it should be possible to postpone the deadline for compliance with the air quality limit values in cases where , notwithstanding the implementation of appropriate pollution abatement measures , acute compliance problems exist in specific zones and agglomerations. any postponement for a given zone or agglomeration should be accompanied by a comprehensive plan to be assessed by the commission to ensure compliance by the revised deadline. ### (30) for zones where conditions are particularly difficult , it should be possible to postpone the deadline for compliance with the air quality limit values in cases where , notwithstanding the implementation of all appropriate pollution abatement measures , acute compliance problems exist in specific zones and agglomerations. any postponement for a given zone or agglomeration should be accompanied by a comprehensive plan to be assessed by the commission to ensure compliance by the revised deadline.


### (31) air quality plans should be developed and updated for zones within which concentrations of pollutants in ambient air exceed the relevant air quality limit values , ozone target values or average exposure reduction obligations . air pollutants are emitted from many different sources and activities. to ensure coherence between different policies , such air quality plans should where feasible be consistent with plans and programmes prepared pursuant to directive 2010/75/eu 2001/80/ec of the european parliament and of the council48 , directive (eu) 2016/2284 , and directive 2002/49/ec of the european parliament and of the council49 . ### (31) air quality plans should be developed and updated for zones within which concentrations of pollutants in ambient air exceed the relevant air quality limit values , ozone target values or average exposure reduction obligations , paying particular attention to the transport sector as air pollutants are emitted from many different sources and activities , but the transport sector is one of the biggest contributors. to ensure coherence between different policies , such air quality plans should where feasible be consistent with plans and programmes prepared pursuant to directive 2010/75/eu 2001/80/ec of the european parliament and of the council48 , directive (eu) 2016/2284 , and directive 2002/49/ec of the european parliament and of the council49 .


### (33) action plans should be drawn up indicating the measures to be taken in the short term where there is a risk of an exceedance of one or more alert thresholds in order to reduce that risk and to limit its duration. when the risk applies to one or more limit values or target values , member states may , where appropriate , draw up such short-term action plans. ### (33) action plans should be drawn up indicating the measures to be taken in the short term where there is a risk of an exceedance of one or more alert thresholds in order to reduce that risk and to limit its duration.


### 1. this directive sets out a zero pollution objective for air quality , so that within the union air quality is progressively improved to levels no longer considered harmful to human health and natural ecosystems , as defined by scientific evidence , thus contributing to a toxic-free environment at the latest by 2050. ### 1. this directive sets out a zero pollution objective for air quality , so that within the union air quality is progressively improved to levels no longer considered harmful to human health and natural ecosystems , as defined by the most up-to date scientific evidence , thus contributing to a toxic-free environment at the latest by 2050.


### 2. this directive sets intermediate limit values , target values , average exposure reduction obligations , average exposure concentration objectives , critical levels , information thresholds , alert thresholds and long-term objectives (‘air quality standards’) to be met by the year 2030 , and regularly reviewed thereafter in accordance with article 3. ### 2. this directive sets limit values , average exposure reduction obligations , average exposure concentration objectives , critical levels , information thresholds , alert thresholds and long-term objectives (‘air quality standards’) to be met as soon as possible and by the year 2030 at the latest , and regularly reviewed thereafter in accordance with article 3.


### for the purposes of the review , the commission shall take into account , inter alia , the following: ### for the purposes of the review , the commission shall commission to the who 5-year reviews and take into account , inter alia , the following:


### progress made in implementing national and union reduction measures for pollutants and improving air quality. ### progress made in implementing national and union reduction measures for pollutants and improving air quality ,


### 4. where the commission considers it appropriate , as a result of the review , it shall present a proposal to revise air quality standards or to cover other air pollutants. ### 4. where the commission considers it appropriate , as a result of the review , and in particular where the latest review of who air quality guidelines finds health effects of pollutant concentrations that are below the current limit values , it shall present a proposal to revise air quality standards or to cover other air pollutants , in line with the non-regression principle.


### (28) ‘average exposure indicator’ means an average level determined on the basis of measurements at urban background locations throughout the territorial unit at nuts 1 level as described in regulation (ec) no 1059/2003 , or , if there is no urban area located in that territorial unit , at rural background locations , and which reflects population exposure , used to check whether the average exposure reduction obligation and the average exposure concentration objective for that territorial unit have been met ; ### (28) ‘average exposure indicator’ means an average level determined on the basis of measurements at urban background , traffic , industrial , and residential locations throughout the territorial unit at nuts 1 level as described in regulation (ec) no 1059/2003 , or , if there is no urban area located in that territorial unit , at rural background locations , and which reflects population exposure , used to check whether the average exposure reduction obligation and the average exposure concentration objective for that territorial unit have been met; the average is weighted taking into account the population which each sampling point is representative of;


### 6. to assess the contribution of benzo(a)pyrene in ambient air , each member state shall monitor other relevant polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons at a limited number of sampling points . these compounds shall include at least: benzo(a)anthracene , benzo(b)fluoranthene , benzo(j)fluoranthene , benzo(k)fluoranthene , indeno(1 ,2 ,3-cd)pyrene , and dibenz(a ,h)anthracene. sampling points for these polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons shall be co-located with sampling points for benzo(a)pyrene and shall be selected in such a way that geographical variation and long-term trends can be identified. ### 6. to assess the contribution of benzo(a)pyrene in ambient air , each member state shall monitor other relevant polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. these compounds shall include at least: benzo(a)anthracene , benzo(b)fluoranthene , benzo(j)fluoranthene , benzo(k)fluoranthene , indeno(1 ,2 ,3-cd)pyrene , and dibenz(a ,h)anthracene. sampling points for these polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons shall be co-located with sampling points for benzo(a)pyrene and shall be selected in such a way that geographical variation and long-term trends can be identified.


### 7. in addition to monitoring required under article 10 , member states shall , where applicable , monitor ultrafine particles levels in accordance with point d of annex iii and section 3 of annex vii. ### 7. in addition to monitoring required under article 10 , member states shall monitor black carbon and ultrafine particles levels in accordance with point d of annex iii and section 3 of annex vii. when setting up sampling points for ultrafine particles , locations where high concentrations are to be expected , such as airports , shall be prioritised.


### indicative measurements and modelling provide sufficient information for the assessment of air quality with regard to limit values , ozone target values , critical levels , information thresholds and alert thresholds , as well as adequate information for the public , in addition to the one provided by the fixed sampling points ; ### indicative measurements and modelling provide sufficient information for the assessment of air quality with regard to limit values , ozone target values , critical levels , information thresholds and alert thresholds , as well as adequate information for the public , in addition to the one provided by the fixed sampling points;


### fixed measurements of particulate matter (pm10 and pm2.5) , nitrogen dioxide (no2) , ozone (o3) , black carbon (bc) , ammonia (nh3) and ultrafine particles (ufp). ### fixed measurements of sulphur dioxide (so2) , carbon monoxide (co) , methane (ch4) , particulate matter (pm10 and pm2.5) , nitrogen dioxide (no2) , ozone (o3) , black carbon (bc) , ammonia (nh3) and ultrafine particles (ufp).


### fixed or indicative measurements of arsenic , cadmium , nickel , total gaseous mercury , benzo(a)pyrene and the other polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons referred to in article 8(6) , and of the total deposition of arsenic , cadmium , mercury , nickel , benzo(a)pyrene and the other polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons referred to in article 8(6) , irrespective of concentration levels. ### fixed measurements of arsenic , cadmium , nickel , total gaseous mercury , benzo(a)pyrene and the other polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons referred to in article 8(6) , and of the total deposition of arsenic , cadmium , mercury , nickel , benzo(a)pyrene and the other polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons referred to in article 8(6) , irrespective of concentration levels.


### 1. the alert thresholds for concentrations of sulphur dioxide , nitrogen dioxide , and particulate matter (pm10 and pm2.5) in ambient air shall be those laid down in section 4 , point a of annex i. ### 1. the alert thresholds for concentrations of sulphur dioxide , nitrogen dioxide , and particulate matter (pm10 and pm2.5) , carbon monoxide , arsenic , cadmium , nickel and benzo(a)pyrene in ambient air shall be those laid down in section 4 , point a of annex i.


### 1. the alert thresholds for concentrations of sulphur dioxide , nitrogen dioxide , and particulate matter (pm10 and pm2.5) in ambient air shall be those laid down in section 4 , point a of annex i. ### 1. the alert thresholds for concentrations of sulphur dioxide , nitrogen dioxide , ozone and particulate matter (pm10 and pm2.5) in ambient air shall be those laid down in section 4 , point a of annex i.


### 2. the alert threshold and information threshold for ozone shall be that laid down in section 4 , point b , of annex i. ### 2. the information threshold for sulphur dioxide , and nitrogen dioxide , and particulate matter (pm10 and pm2.5) , carbon monoxide , arsenic , cadmium , nickel , benzo(a)pyrene and ozone shall be that laid down in section 4 , point b , of annex i.


### 2. the alert threshold and information threshold for ozone shall be that laid down in section 4 , point b , of annex i. ### 2. the information threshold for sulphur dioxide , nitrogen dioxide , pm2.5 pm10 and ozone shall be that laid down in section 4 , point b , of annex i.


### 2. member states shall provide the commission with lists of any such zones and nuts 1 territorial units , as referred to in paragraph 1 , together with information on concentrations and sources and the evidence demonstrating that the exceedances are attributable to natural sources. ### 2. member states shall provide the commission with evidence demonstrating that all possible actions were taken to prevent , where relevant , the natural sources from causing the exceedances , evidence demonstrating that those natural sources were beyond their control , evidence demonstrating that , where the given natural sources were predictable , all actions possible were taken to compensate for the concentrations caused by those sources , and lists of any such zones and nuts 3 territorial units , as referred to in paragraph 1 , together with information on concentrations and sources and the evidence demonstrating that the exceedances are attributable to natural sources.


### 3. where the commission has been informed of an exceedance attributable to natural sources in accordance with paragraph 2 , that exceedance shall not be considered as an exceedance for the purposes of this directive. ### 3. where the commission has been informed of an exceedance attributable to natural sources in accordance with paragraph 2 , it shall review the evidence and inform the member state whether that exceedance may not be considered as an exceedance for the purposes of this directive.


### 1. member states may , for a given year , identify zones within which limit values for pm10 are exceeded in ambient air due to the re-suspension of particulates following winter-sanding or winter -salting of roads. ### 1. member states may , for a given year , identify zones within which limit values for pm10 are exceeded in ambient air due to the re-suspension of particulates following winter-sanding or winter-salting of roads , pavements and bike paths.


### 1. where , in a given zone , conformity with the limit values for particulate matter (pm10 and pm2.5) or nitrogen dioxide cannot be achieved by the deadline specified in table 1 of section 1 of annex i , because of site-specific dispersion characteristics , orographic boundary conditions , adverse climatic conditions or transboundary contributions , a member state may postpone - that deadline once by a maximum of 5 years for that particular zone , if the following conditions are met: ### 1. where , in a given zone , conformity with the limit values for particulate matter (pm10 and pm2.5) or nitrogen dioxide cannot be achieved by the deadline specified in table 1 of section 1 of annex i , because of unusual site-specific dispersion characteristics , orographic boundary conditions , adverse climatic conditions or transboundary contributions , a member state may postpone that deadline once by a maximum of 2 years for that particular zone , if the following conditions are met:


### where exceedances of the ozone target value persist during the fifth calendar year after the establishment of the air quality plan in the relevant nuts 1 territorial unit , member states shall update air quality plan and the measures therein , and take additional and more effective measures , in the subsequent calendar year to keep the exceedance period as short as possible. ### where exceedances of the ozone target value persist during the third calendar year after the establishment of the air quality plan in the relevant nuts 1 territorial unit , member states shall update air quality plan and the measures therein , and take additional and more effective measures , in the subsequent calendar year to keep the exceedance period as short as possible.


### where exceedances of the average exposure reduction obligation persist during the fifth calendar year after the establishment of the air quality plan , member states shall update the air quality plan and the measures therein , and take additional and more effective measures , in the subsequent calendar year to keep the exceedance period as short as possible. ### where exceedances of the average exposure reduction obligation persist during the third calendar year after the establishment of the air quality plan , member states shall update the air quality plan and the measures therein , and take additional and more effective measures , in the subsequent calendar year to keep the exceedance period as short as possible.


### 2. when drawing up the short-term action plans referred to in paragraph 1 member states may , depending on the individual case , provide for effective measures to control and , where necessary , temporarily suspend activities which contribute to the risk of the respective limit values or target values or alert threshold being exceeded. depending on the share of the main pollution sources to the exceedances to be addressed , those short-term action plans shall consider including measures in relation to transport , construction works , industrial installations and the use of products and domestic heating. specific actions aiming at the protection of sensitive population and vulnerable groups , including children , shall also be considered in the framework of those plans. ### 2. when drawing up the short-term action plans referred to in paragraph 1 member states may , depending on the individual case , provide for effective measures to control and , where necessary , temporarily suspend activities which contribute to the risk of the respective limit values or target values or alert threshold being exceeded. depending on the share of the main pollution sources to the exceedances to be addressed , those short-term action plans shall consider including measures in relation to transport , construction works , industrial installations and the use of products and domestic heating. specific actions aiming at the protection of sensitive population and vulnerable groups , including children and transport workers particularly exposed to air pollution shall also be considered in the framework of those plans.


### 2. member states shall establish an air quality index covering sulphur dioxide , nitrogen dioxide , particulate matter (pm10 and pm2.5) and ozone , and make it available through a public source providing an hourly update. the air quality index shall consider the recommendations by the who and build on the air quality indices at european scale provided by the european environmental agency. ### 2. by [1 year from the entry into force of this directive] , member states shall make available through a public source providing an hourly updates per measuring station establish an air quality index covering sulphur dioxide , nitrogen dioxide , particulate matter (pm10 and pm2.5) , carbon monoxide , arsenic , cadmium , nickel , benzo(a)pyrene , ammonia , mercury , ultrafine particles , black carbon and ozone , and make it available through a public source providing an hourly update using a template provided by the commission. by [6 months from the entry into force of this directive] , the commission shall adopt delegated acts in accordance with article 24 to establish a template for the air quality index. the template for the air quality index shall have a colour coding based on the latest recommended maximum pollutant concentration levels by the who , assign colours from yellow to red to concentration levels above the latest who maximum concentration levels and build on the air quality indices at european scale provided by the european environmental agency. the template for the air quality index shall also include information on the health impacts of air pollution from different concentration levels of each pollutant on the general population and on sensitive population and vulnerable groups , description of likely symptoms linked to exposure , recommend precautions to be taken broken down into precautions to be taken by the general population and vulnerable groups , to avoid exposure to air pollutants and to relieve the symptoms once exposure as happened. such information shall be based on most up-to-date science. the commission shall adapt the template as soon as new who recommended maximum pollutant concentration levels and new scientific information on health impacts and precautions become available.


### pm2.5 ### pm2.5


### pm2.5 ### 5 μg/m3


### for each zone , the minimum number of sampling points for fixed measurements set out in the tables in this point shall include at least 1 background location sampling point and 1 sampling point in the area with the highest concentrations according to point b , of annex iv provided this does not increase the number of sampling points. for nitrogen dioxide , particulate matter , benzene and carbon monoxide , this shall include at least 1 sampling point focused on measuring contribution from transport emissions. however , in the cases where there is only 1 sampling point required , this shall be in the area with the highest concentrations to which the population is likely to be directly or indirectly exposed. ### for each zone , the minimum number of sampling points for fixed measurements set out in the tables in this point shall include at least 1 background location sampling point and 1 sampling point in the area with the highest concentrations according to point b , of annex iv provided this does not increase the number of sampling points. for sulphur dioxide , nitrogen dioxide , particulate matter , benzene and carbon monoxide , this shall include at least 1 sampling point focused on measuring contribution from transport emissions. however , in the cases where there is only 1 sampling point required , this shall be in the area with the highest concentrations to which the population is likely to be directly or indirectly exposed


### concentration levels in the areas within zones with the highest concentrations to which the population is likely to be directly or indirectly exposed for a period which is significant in relation to the averaging period of the limit value(s) , ### concentration levels in the areas within zones with the highest concentrations to which the population is likely to be directly or indirectly exposed for a period which is significant in relation to the averaging period of the limit value(s) , including in the vicinity of all pollution hotspots such as industries , farms , airports and ports ,


### where contributions from industrial sources , ports or airports are to be assessed , at least 1 sampling point shall be installed downwind of the source in the nearest residential area. where the background concentration is not known , an additional sampling point shall be situated within the main wind direction. the sampling points shall be sited such that the application of bat can be monitored; ### where contributions from industrial sources , farms , ports and airports are to be assessed , at least 1 sampling point shall be installed downwind of the source in the nearest residential area and at least 1 sampling point shall be installed so that the air sampled is representative of the quality of the air breathed by the population working in and around industrial sites , farms , ports and airports , without prejudice to article 4(1). where the background concentration is not known , an additional sampling point shall be situated within the main wind direction. the sampling points shall be sited such that the application of bat can be monitored;


### for all pollutants , sampling probes shall be at least 25 m from the edge of major junctions and no more than 10 m from the kerbside; for the purposes of this point , a ‘kerbside’ means the line that separates motorised traffic from other areas; a ‘major junction’ means a junction which interrupts the traffic flow and causes different emissions (stop&go) from the rest of the road; ### for all pollutants , sampling probes shall be no more than 5m from the kerbside; the location of the sampling point should be less than 25m from the edge of major junctions or it could imply an over- or underestimation of concentrations and lead to the measurement of a very small micro-environment that is not representative of the levels along that road segment; for the purposes of this point , a ‘kerbside’ means the line that separates motorised traffic from other areas; a ‘major junction’ means a junction which interrupts the traffic flow and causes different emissions (stop&go) from the rest of the road;


### 3. the documentations shall include any deviation from the micro-scale siting criteria , their underlying reasons and the likely impact on measured levels. ### 3. the documentations shall include reports explaining the reasons for the network design , in particular: (a) the reasons for selecting sites representative of the highest pollution levels in the zone for each pollutant; (b) the reasons for selecting sites representative of the general population exposure; and (c) any deviation from the micro-scale siting criteria , their underlying reasons and the likely impact on measured levels.


### 2. the commission may require member states to prepare and submit a report on the demonstration of equivalence in accordance with point 1. ### 2. the commission shall require member states to prepare and submit a report on the demonstration of equivalence in accordance with point 1.


### estimate of impact on emission reduction and pollutant concentrations of measures from the previous air quality plan. ### estimate of impact on emission reduction and pollutant concentrations of measures from the previous air quality plan;


### procurement by public authorities , in line with the handbook on environmental public procurement , of zero emissions road vehicles , fuels and combustion equipment to reduce emissions; ### procurement by public authorities , in line with the handbook on environmental public procurement , of zero emissions vehicles;


### measures to limit transport emissions through traffic planning and management (including congestion pricing , differentiated parking fees or other economic incentives; establishing urban vehicles access restrictions schemes , including low emission zones); ### measures to limit transport emissions through traffic planning and management , including at least:


### measures to encourage a shift towards less polluting forms of transport; ### measures to encourage a modal shift from private vehicles towards active mobility and less polluting forms of transport (e.g. walking , cycling , public transport) , including at least:


### measure to ensure that low emission fuels are given preference in small- , medium- and large-scale stationary sources and in mobile sources; ### measure to ensure that zero emission fuels are given preference in small- , medium- and large-scale stationary sources and in mobile sources;


### measures to protect the health of children or other sensitive population groups. ### measures to protect the health of children , such as school streets with limited or no access for cars (200 m around schools) , and measures to protect the health of other sensitive population and vulnerable groups , including pregnant women and people living with asthma or other respiratory or cardio-vascular conditions.


### 6. the deadline for attaining the limit values laid down in table 1 of section 1 of annex i may be postponed in accordance with article 18. ### 6. the deadline for attaining the limit values for the pollutants referred to in article 18(1) may be postponed in accordance with article 18.


### 3. where any alert threshold or any information threshold laid down in section 4 of annex i is exceeded , member states shall take the necessary steps to inform the public within a few hours at the latest , making use of different media and communication channels and ensuring broad public access . ### 3. where any alert threshold or any information threshold laid down in section 4 of annex i is exceeded , member states shall take the necessary steps to inform the public within a few hours at the latest , making use of different media and communication channels and ensuring broad outreach to the population , taking into account the digital divide.


### nuts 1 territorial units where exceedances of the level determined by the average exposure reduction obligations are attributable to natural sources. ### nuts 3 territorial units where exceedances of the level determined by the average exposure reduction obligations are attributable to natural sources.


### an air quality plan is established in accordance with article 19(4) and meeting the requirements listed in article 19(5) to (7) for the zone to which the postponement would apply; ### an air quality plan is established in accordance with article 19(-1) and meeting the requirements listed in article 19(5) to (7) for the zone to which the postponement would apply;


### the air quality plan referred in point (a) is supplemented by the information listed in point b of annex viiirelated to the pollutants concerned and demonstrates how exceedance periods above the limit values will be kept as short as possible ; ### the air quality plan referred in point (a) is supplemented by the information listed in point b of annex viii related to the pollutants concerned and demonstrates how exceedance periods above the limit values will be kept as short as possible and how the limit values will be attained by the new postponed deadlines;


### — having regard to articles 8 , 10 , 19 and 157 of the treaty on the functioning of the european union , ### — having regard to articles 4 , 8 , 10 , 19 , 91 , 153 and 157 of the treaty on the functioning of the european union ,


### — having regard to the eu directives from 1975 onwards on various aspects of equal treatment for women and men , including council directive 79/7/eec of 19 december 1978 on the progressive implementation of the principle of equal treatment for men and women in matters of social security1 , council directive 92/85/eec of 19 october 1992 on the introduction of measures to encourage improvements in the safety and health at work of pregnant workers and workers who have recently given birth or are breastfeeding2 , council directive 2004/113/ec of 13 december 2004 implementing the principle of equal treatment between men and women in the access to and supply of goods and services3 , directive 2006/54/ec of the european parliament and of the council of 5 july 2006 on the implementation of the principle of equal opportunities and equal treatment of men and women in matters of employment and occupation4 , directive (eu) 2019/1158 of the european parliament and of the council of 20 june 2019 on work-life balance for parents and carers and repealing council directive 2010/18/eu5anddirective 2010/41/eu of the european parliament and of the council of 7 july 2010 on the application of the principle of equal treatment between men and women engaged in an activity in a self-employed capacity and repealing council directive 86/613/eec6 , ### — having regard to the eu directives from 1975 onwards on various aspects of equal treatment for women and men , including council directive 79/7/eec of 19 december 1978 on the progressive implementation of the principle of equal treatment for men and women in matters of social security1 , council directive 92/85/eec of 19 october 1992 on the introduction of measures to encourage improvements in the safety and health at work of pregnant workers and workers who have recently given birth or are breastfeeding2 , council directive 2004/113/ec of 13 december 2004 implementing the principle of equal treatment between men and women in the access to and supply of goods and services3 , directive 2006/54/ec of the european parliament and of the council of 5 july 2006 on the implementation of the principle of equal opportunities and equal treatment of men and women in matters of employment and occupation4 , directive (eu) 2019/1158 of the european parliament and of the council of 20 june 2019 on work-life balance for parents and carers and repealing council directive 2010/18/eu5 ,directive 2010/41/eu of the european parliament and of the council of 7 july 2010 on the application of the principle of equal treatment between men and women engaged in an activity in a self-employed capacity and repealing council directive 86/613/eec6and directive 2021/93/ec of the european parliament and of the council on strengthening the application of the principle of equal pay for equal work or work of equal value between men and women through pay transparency and enforcement mechanisms;


### b. whereas research performed across the member states has shown that gender-based violence in public spaces and on collective transport is a growing problem; ### b. whereas research performed across the member states has shown that gender-based violence in public spaces and on collective transport is a growing problem and safety measures and victim support remains insufficient; whereas this can have a negative impact on transport choices , employment , education and social opportunities for women in all their diversity;


### c. whereas poorly-designed transport policies can exacerbate existing poverty and social exclusion; whereas there continues to be a lack of sex-disaggregated data and gender analysis on transport , hindering the application of well-targeted transport policies for individuals and families in all their diversity; ### c. whereas poorly-designed transport policies can exacerbate existing poverty and social exclusion; whereas there continues to be a lack of sex-disaggregated data and gender analysis on transport , hindering gender-responsive and inclusive transport policies;


### d. whereas adopting a gender-responsive approach to urban planning is instrumental in improving the quality of life of women; ### d. whereas adopting a gender-responsive approach to urban planning is instrumental in improving the quality of life of women in all their diversity;


### e. whereas transport use differs according to gender , as well as other factors , in terms of complexity , frequency , mode , duration , purpose , cost , security and safety; ### e. whereas transport use differs according to gender , as well as other factors , in terms of complexity , frequency , mode , duration , purpose , cost , accessibility , security and safety;


### h. whereas the welcome adoption of new vehicle and automation technologies should take the specific needs of women into consideration; ### h. whereas new vehicle and automation technologies should take the specific needs of women into consideration;


### i. whereas sustainable transport requires equal access to infrastructure , through measures that guarantee greater mobility for all and the same quality of service in urban and rural areas; ### i. whereas sustainable transport requires equal access to mobility services , through measures that guarantee affordability and greater mobility for all and the same quality of service in urban and rural areas;


### j. whereas the design of vehicles , including safety features , often assumes a larger , stereotypically male physical form , leading to lower efficacy for smaller people; ### j. whereas the design of vehicles , including safety features such as car seats and belts , often assumes stereotypically male physical form , leading to more harm and even higher death rates in accidents for women and girls; whereas gender-responsive crash test standards are not legally required yet;


### k. whereas transport infrastructure with well-designed , monitored and safe surroundings has a positive impact on both actual safety and perceived safety11; ### k. whereas transport infrastructure with well-designed and safe surroundings has a positive impact on both actual safety and perceived safety


### l. whereas mobility barriers hinder women’s access to jobs and key services , such as health and education , affecting both their own and their children’s human capital accumulation; ### l. whereas mobility barriers hinder women’s access to jobs and key services , such as health and education;


### m. whereas women are underrepresented in transport employment at all levels; whereas underrepresentation in decision-making , planning and research reinforces the lack of gender mainstreaming in transport; ### m. whereas women are underrepresented (22% overall) in transport employment at all levels; whereas underrepresentation in operation , decision-making , planning and research reinforces the lack of gender mainstreaming in transport;


### 1. reaffirms the eu’s commitment to achieving gender equality in transport , while noting the progress achieved so far; underlines that concrete measures are needed to improve security , mobility-access and employment opportunities; ### 1. reaffirms the eu’s commitment to achieving gender equality in transport , while noting the progress achieved so far; underlines that concrete measures are needed to improve safety , availability , accessibility and affordability of transport services and employment opportunities and working conditions in the sector;


### 3. recalls that gender stereotyping and prejudice exclude women from economic and social activities , leading to a lack of efficiency and increased waste of human resources; identifies the need for resources to ensure that women are represented in research and decision-making on transport matters; ### 3. recalls that gender stereotyping and prejudice exclude women from economic and social activities; calls for an alleviation of the core problem resulting from this stereotyping , mainly by taking the appropriate macroeconomic or fiscal measures as well as by revising the gender-bias appropriation of public funds as well as of public space;


### 4. regrets the lack of standardised , sex-disaggregated transport data and gender analysis across all modes of transport; welcomes , in this regard , that ‘energy and transport’ is the thematic focus of the 2023 edition of the eige gender equality index; ### 4. regrets the lack of standardised , gender-disaggregated transport data collected in a gdpr proof way and gender analysis across all modes of transport; welcomes , in this regard , that ‘energy and transport’ is the thematic focus of the 2023 edition of the eige gender equality index;


### 7. calls for safety performance tests and crash tests to include biofidelic female models; underlines the need for ai to increase our understanding of how the diverse human physique reacts differently in emergency situations; ### 7. calls for safety performance tests and crash tests to include gender responsive standards; welcomes the recently adopted general product safety regulation (gpsr) , which ensures that in order to consider a product safe , manufacturers will have to assess the impact of gender differences on health and safety; calls on the commission and member states to tackle the gender safety gap by ensuring that national standards bodies and standards developing organisations include a plan for gender responsive standards and standards development in their gender action plan , in line with the actions outlined in the gender responsive standards declaration;


### 8. underlines the differing expectations , travel patterns , needs and experiences of women as transport users; calls for relevant legislation in transport to fully integrate women’s needs; ### 8. underlines the differing expectations , travel patterns , needs and experiences of women as transport users; calls for relevant legislation in transport to fully integrate gender-equality and the needs of different marginalized groups


### 9. calls for the integration of sustainable transport options into women’s daily lives , enabling comfortable , safe and stress-free multimodal journeys to become a reality; ### 9. calls for measures to ensure the availability and affordability of sustainable transport modes to meet women’s needs , and to ensure comfortable , safe and stress-free multimodal journeys become a reality;


### 10. calls on the member states to ensure that road infrastructure , notably when being upgraded , fully takes into account the continuity and accessibility of sustainable pedestrian connections; ### 10. calls on the member states to ensure that road infrastructure , notably when being upgraded , fully takes into account the continuity , accessibility and safety of sustainable pedestrian connections and bike lanes;


### 11. calls for an increased emphasis on safety in urban mobility , such as adequate , sustainable street lighting , to avoid situations where women have to face dark , eerie spots when commuting; calls additionally for integrated transport designs to take into account ‘the last mile’ , especially at non-peak times; ### 11. calls for an increased emphasis on safety and security in urban mobility , such as adequate , sustainable street lighting , to avoid situations where women have to face dark , eerie spots when commuting; calls additionally for integrated transport designs to take into account ‘the last mile’ , especially at non-peak times;


### 12. stresses the importance of the ai act13in assisting law enforcement authorities in combating crime in public transport systems and reducing harassment against female and lgbtqi+ transport users; ### 12. notes the potential of the ai act in assisting law enforcement authorities in combating crime in public transport systems and reducing harassment against female and lgbtqi+ transport users; however cautions the usage of ai systems for purposes of mass-surveillance;


### 13. notes that women play a large role in shaping the mobility choices of families , and that their negative experiences using sustainable modes of transport can be off-putting; ### 13. notes that women play a large role in shaping the mobility choices of families , and that their negative experiences using certain modes of transport can be off-putting; in this regard , calls on member states to take measures to ensure safer facilities for cyclists and pedestrians , including traffic calming measures and investments in upgrading infrastructure in view of adequately protecting vulnerable road users;


### 14. notes the challenges faced by women in rural areas with relatively underdeveloped public transport , who are often faced with roles as carers; stresses that policies aiming to promote sustainable transport must not exclude vulnerable groups , women or those living in rural areas; ### 14. notes the challenges faced by women in rural areas with relatively underdeveloped public transport , who are often faced with roles as carers; stresses that policies aiming to promote sustainable transport must not exclude vulnerable groups , women or those living in rural areas; calls on member states to ensure sustainable and affordable mobility options in rural areas , including an increased availability of service;


### women in employment ### women and employment in the transport sector


### 15. underlines that female transport workers at all levels face barriers such as gender bias , as well as a lack of or ill-suited facilities , leading to harassment and violence; notes , as a result , the difficulty in attracting and keeping women in transport jobs; ### 15. underlines that female transport workers at all levels face barriers such as gender bias , in some cases , intersectional discrimination , as well as ill-suited facilities , enabling harassment and violence; notes , as a result , the difficulty in attracting and keeping women in transport jobs;


### empowering women in the transport sector ### deleted


### 16. stresses that the lack of women in the transport sector should also be seen as an opportunity; calls on the commission , the member states and stakeholders to take proactive measures to boost women’s employability and competitiveness in this sector; ### 16. stresses that the lack of women in the transport sector should also be seen as an opportunity; calls on the commission , the member states and stakeholders to address the different barriers and take proactive measures to boost women’s employability in this sector;


### 18. notes the need for campaigns and social media actions to ensure a culture of zero tolerance against harassment and unsafe working environments; ### deleted


### 19. notes that digitalisation and new transport models can provide better , safer and more accessible working environments for women; ### 19. notes that digitalisation and new transport models have the potential provide better , safer and more accessible working environments for women;


### a. whereas article 5(3) of the treaty on european union states that the union ‘shall apply the principle of subsidiarity’ and ‘act only if and in so far as the objectives of the proposed action cannot be sufficiently achieved by the member states’; whereas excessive funds have been wasted in union-wide pharmaceutical programmes; whereas excessive lockdown measures have caused financial hardship; ### a. whereas gender equality is a core value of the union enshrined in article 2 teu; whereas article 8 tfeu lays down the principle of gender mainstreaming;


### b. whereas the current transport and tourism systems also generate major costs for society in the form of external costs1 ; ### b. whereas the current transport and tourism systems also generate major costs for society in the form of external costs1 , such as climate change , noise and air pollution , congestion , accidents and habitat damage; whereas these negative externalities were estimated to amount to € 987 billion in 2016;


### 1. welcomes the commission’s legislative proposals on transport and reiterates the need for sufficient funding to ensure these policies are a success; ### 1. welcomes the commission’s legislative proposals on transport , particularly as regards the digital and green transitions , and reiterates the need for sufficient funding to ensure these policies are a success;


### 1. stresses that russia’s war against ukraine has brought substantial economic and social consequences for the citizens of europe , pushing up inflation , generating energy insecurity and resulting in a cost of living crisis for millions; underlines that the new geopolitical and economic context has given rise to new policy initiatives , notably in energy , defence and industrial policy; ### 1. stresses that russia’s war against ukraine has brought substantial economic and social consequences for people in europe , pushing up inflation , generating energy insecurity and resulting in a cost of living crisis for millions; underlines that the new geopolitical and economic context has given rise to new policy initiatives , notably in energy , defence and industrial policy; is concerned by the heavy impacts of the climate change and biodiversity crisis in europe and globally as well as by growing urgency to tackle these challenges as underlined by the latest ipcc reports and in order to achieve the union’s climate and environmental objectives in particular the unions climate and energy targets for 2030 and climate neutrality by 2050 the latest and the 2023 biodiversity strategy and of the zero-pollution ambition;


### 1. stresses that russia’s war against ukraine has brought substantial economic and social consequences for the citizens of europe , pushing up inflation , generating energy insecurity and resulting in a cost of living crisis for millions; underlines that the new geopolitical and economic context has given rise to new policy initiatives , notably in energy , defence and industrial policy; ### 1. welcomes the unity of the european union around the sanctions and around accelerating decision-making in order to protect our citizens , our businesses and our economies; stresses that russia’s war against ukraine has brought substantial economic and social consequences for the citizens of europe , pushing up inflation , energy insecurity and resulting in a cost of living crisis for millions; underlines that the new geopolitical and economic context has given rise to new policy initiatives , notably in energy , defence and industrial policy;


### 1. stresses that russia’s war against ukraine has brought substantial economic and social consequences for the citizens of europe , pushing up inflation , generating energy insecurity and resulting in a cost of living crisis for millions; underlines that the new geopolitical and economic context has given rise to new policy initiatives , notably in energy , defence and industrial policy; ### 1. stresses that russia’s war against ukraine has brought substantial economic and social consequences for the citizens of europe , pushing up inflation , generating energy insecurity and resulting in a cost of living crisis for millions; underlines that the new geopolitical and economic context has given rise to new policy initiatives , notably in energy , defence and industrial policy , which need to be phased in consistently with other long term objectives , and specifically those under the eu green deal;


### 1. underlines that effective communication with citizens should be among the top budgetary priorities in order to foster awareness of the importance of the eu’s decision-making and union policies in the functioning of european democracy , especially in view of the 2024 european elections , the start of a new legislative term and the election of the president of the commission; ### 1. underlines that next to the support of the legislative work of parliament's committees , effective communication with citizens should be among the top budgetary priorities in order to foster awareness of the importance of the eu’s decision-making and union policies in the functioning of european democracy , especially in view of the 2024 european elections , the start of a new legislative term and the election of the president of the commission;


### 1. stresses that while gender budgeting plays a part in the budgetary procedure , there are other factors that cause inequality between the sexes; calls for greater understanding of said factors in all aspects of eu funding to ensure fair opportunities for all; ### 1. regrets that , as observed in the eca’s annual report on the performance of the eu budget[1] , gender mainstreaming is the least successfully implemented overarching policy priority1a;


### 1. calls for an ambitious 2024 budget for external action; insists on focusing on the priorities highlighted during high-level dialogues under the neighbourhood , development and international cooperation instrument and the instrument for pre-accession assistance (ipa iii); recalls the need to implement strict conditionality under these instruments; ### 1. calls for an ambitious 2024 budget for external action; insists on focusing on the priorities highlighted during high-level dialogues under the neighbourhood , development and international cooperation instrument and the instrument for pre-accession assistance (ipa iii); recalls the need to implement strict conditionality under these instruments , as well as to ensure that all eu expenditures are fully in line with the eu’s own strategic goals and interests and not contradictory to them;


### 1. highlights the important role that agriculture and rural development play in achieving the union’s objectives of food security , sustainable growth , social inclusion , animal welfare and combating climate change; ### 1. highlights the important role that agriculture and rural development policies play in achieving the union’s objectives of food security , sustainable growth , social inclusion , biodiversity , animal welfare and combating climate change;


### 2. stresses that sufficient investment both in modal shift and in zero-emission technologies is crucial for ensuring transport is climate neutral by 2050 , in line with the european climate law and the european green deal; ### 2. stresses that sufficient investment both in modal shift and in zero-emission technologies is crucial for ensuring transport is climate neutral by 2050 , in line with the european climate law and the european green deal , and will be instrumental in boosting the sector’s recovery;


### 2. is determined to ensure that the 2024 budget addresses people’s concerns and delivers on their priorities by helping to restore stability and laying the foundations for a secure and prosperous europe; underlines the need for additional investment in energy , health , the digital and green transitions , research and innovation and smes , and in supporting job creation , tackling unemployment and offering opportunities for young people , and therefore improving the standard of living of all europeans; ### 2. is determined to ensure that the 2024 budget addresses people’s concerns and delivers on their priorities by helping to restore stability and laying the foundations for a secure and prosperous europe and in particular for the success of the european green deal and the just transition , while securing that nobody is left behind; underlines the need for additional sustainable investment in renewables and energy efficiency , health , the digital and green transitions , research and innovation and smes , and in supporting job creation , tackling unemployment and offering opportunities for young people , and therefore improving the standard of living of all europeans;


### 2. calls for further simplification , greater administrative efficiency , the creation of synergies and the avoidance of payment bottlenecks; insists on budget increases to the erasmus+ , creative europe , european solidarity corps , and citizens , equality , rights and values (cerv) programmes to avoid insufficient grants; ### 2. calls for further simplification , greater administrative efficiency , the creation of synergies and the avoidance of payment bottlenecks; insists on budget increases to the erasmus+ , creative europe , european solidarity corps , and citizens , equality , rights and values (cerv) programmes to avoid insufficient grants; demands that these increases consider the specific needs of the most vulnerable groups;


### 2. recognises the methodology that the commission uses to measure gender-relevant expenditure; expects parliament to be consulted at all stages of the process; ### 2. welcomes the methodology that the commission uses to measure gender-relevant expenditure and its ongoing assessment of gender-related data collection , especially the commission's work on a new classification to measure the gender impact of union spending as set out in the iia; calls on the commission to ensure that this classification focuses an accurate and comprehensive representation of the impact of programmes on gender equality , with a view to getting the best gender equality impact from programmes that are currently categorized as zero (star) and to learning lessons for the design of the programmes; expects parliament to be consulted at all stages of the process;


### 2. recalls that implementation of common agricultural policy (cap) strategic plans began in january 2023 , making cap’s new green architecture a reality; ### 2. recalls that implementation of common agricultural policy (cap) strategic plans began in january 2023 , putting in place cap’s new green architecture; calls on all member states to ensure that ecoschemes are ambitious and well-designed , and achieve their intended goals to encourage the adoption of climate- , biodiversity- , and environmentally-positive practices;


### 3. reiterates the crucial role of the connecting europe facility , including its cohesion fund envelope , in fostering the timely completion of the trans-european networks – transport (ten-t) network in which sustainable , interconnected , safe and secure modes are prioritised , with rail as the backbone; believes that funding for transport projects should comply fully with the ‘do no significant harm’ principle and climate expenditure requirements; ### 3. reiterates the crucial role of the connecting europe facility , including its cohesion fund envelope , in fostering the timely completion of the trans-european networks – transport (ten-t) network in which sustainable , interconnected , safe and secure modes are prioritised , with rail as the backbone; believes that funding for transport projects should comply fully with the ‘do no significant harm’ principle and climate expenditure requirements , in addition to coming with assessments of the impact on all external costs;


### 3. stresses that a strong economic recovery in 2024 requires full use of the eu budget’s potential and flexibility; underlines that the eu budget is above all the largest investment tool with leverage effect , complementing national budgets with their limited investment capacity and therefore responding to the needs of eu citizens; ### 3. urges a shift of paradigm in the financing of the eu budget , from the 1% gni contributions from the member states to at least 5% of each member state gni for the eu budget; underlines that the level of european integration , the expectations of the citizens and multiple layers of crisis makes the current eu budget not fit for purpose; stresses the urgent need to arm the eu budget with stronger and flexible tools to allow a bigger capacity of response to crises and priorities; stresses that a strong economic recovery in 2024 requires full use of the eu budget’s potential and flexibility; underlines that the eu budget is above all the largest investment tool with leverage effect , complementing national budgets with their limited investment capacity and therefore responding to the needs of eu citizens;


### 3. stresses that a strong economic recovery in 2024 requires full use of the eu budget’s potential and flexibility; underlines that the eu budget is above all the largest investment tool with leverage effect , complementing national budgets with their limited investment capacity and therefore responding to the needs of eu citizens; ### 3. stresses that a strong economic recovery in 2024 requires full use of the eu budget’s potential and flexibility; underlines that the eu budget is above all the largest investment tool with leverage effect , complementing national budgets with their limited investment capacity and therefore responding to the needs of eu citizens; emphasises the budget's potential to foster common identification with the union and union citizenship and supports more budgetary action and more targeted budgetary communication in this regard;


### 3. stresses that a strong economic recovery in 2024 requires full use of the eu budget’s potential and flexibility; underlines that the eu budget is above all the largest investment tool with leverage effect , complementing national budgets with their limited investment capacity and therefore responding to the needs of eu citizens; ### 3. stresses that a strong economic recovery in 2024 requires full use of the eu budget’s potential and flexibility; underlines that the eu budget is above all the largest investment tool with leverage effect , complementing national budgets with their limited investment capacity and therefore responding to the needs of eu citizens; deplores that the high inflation has a substantial impact on union’s capability to deliver on its political objectives and priorities;


### 3. notes that a mid-term revision of the multiannual financial framework could contribute to a post-pandemic recovery in the cultural and creative sectors and industries , and , in the long term , mitigate the consequences of war in ukraine and high inflation; ### 3. notes that a mid-term revision of the multiannual financial framework could contribute to a post-pandemic recovery in the cultural and creative sectors and industries , and , in the long term , mitigate the consequences of war in ukraine and high inflation; believes , high inflation is negatively impacting on the success rate of all programs and benefitiaries are not able to make ends meet; calls for the factoring inflation rates into the grants;


### 3. stresses the need for greater budgetary responsibility , including eliminating spending on ideological fads of little value; notes that equality of opportunity for men and women should be supported in budgetary guidelines , but that an excessive focus on gender mainstreaming will only lead to a different form of sexism; ### 3. underlines that a gender perspective should be fully integrated at all levels of the budgetary process; calls for gender budgeting and the inclusion of gender-related objectives in all eu programmes and the identification of relevant budget lines , the effective monitoring of the eu budget’s contribution to gender equality and a gender-sensitive review of the programmes and spending to adjust them in the following period


### 3. points out the negative effects of russia’s war of aggression against ukraine on food security; ### 3. points out the negative effects of russia’s war of aggression against ukraine on global food security and final food prices for consumers; emphasises the importance of the fund for european aid to the most deprived in providing food and basic material assistance within the eu;


### 4. regrets the reduction in financing for the investeu programme compared to 2022; ### 4. regrets the reduction in financing for the investeu programme compared to 2022; stresses the need to increase its allocation within the 2024 budget , given its role in fostering sustainable and safe infrastructure , which should contribute to structurally overcome the difficult socioeconomic context facing the eu;


### 4. reiterates its call for an urgent and ambitious revision of the current multiannual financial framework (mff) in order to reinforce post-pandemic recovery , address the consequences of the war , guarantee sufficient flexibility and provide the necessary funding for important new policy initiatives and to respond to unforeseen challenges; expects the revised mff to be in place by 1 january 2024; ### 4. reiterates , its call for an urgent and ambitious revision of the current multiannual financial framework (mff) in order to provide additional resources to reinforce post-pandemic recovery , address the consequences of the war , guarantee sufficient flexibility and provide the necessary funding for important new policy initiatives and to respond to unforeseen challenges; underlines that the revision must not lead to any downwards adjustments of programme envelopes and therefore must increase the ceilings to ensure that fresh money is provided for any new initiatives , therefore ensuring that vital existing programmes can continue to deliver; expects the revised mff to be in place by 1 january 2024 and thus to provide the framework for the 2024 budget;


### 4. calls for adequate resources to ensure that the activities of interests groups and lobbies are transparent , in particular by strengthening the joint transparency register secretariat and providing it with adequate staff and financial resources; ### 4. calls for adequate resources to ensure that the activities of interests groups and lobbies are transparent , in particular by strengthening parliament's advisory committee on the conduct of members and the joint transparency register secretariat and providing it with adequate staff and financial resources;


### 4. calls on the commission to redirect budget-allocated resources away from civil society organisations claiming to promote women’s rights and towards national healthcare systems , which produce tangible results for women’s well-being; urges the commission to review its spending on sexual and reproductive health and rights , considering the current catastrophic demographic decline; stresses that healthcare must remain a member state competence in which little or no union intervention is needed; ### 4. calls on the commission to redirect budget-allocated resources towards civil society organisations protecting and promoting women’s rights as well as towards national healthcare systems , including provision of sexual and reproductive healthcare , which produce tangible results for women’s well-being; reiterates that women have been disproportionately affected by the covid-19 pandemic , particularly in precarious employment , feminised sectors and the informal economy , through increased incidence gender-based violence and harassment , unpaid and unequal care and domestic responsibilities and restricted access to sexual and reproductive health and rights; stresses the importance of mitigating growing inequalities , in particular though recovery and resilience plans and cohesion policy , and by ensuring gender equality in digitalisation;


### 4. reiterates the urgent need for reinforcing the union’s financial contribution to global action against climate change including via supporting partner countries on their path towards a green transition; ### 4. stresses the need for continuous work towards the achievement of climate and biodiversity mainstreaming targets laid down in the interinstitutional agreement of 16 december 2020 (iia) and asks for increased efforts in the 2024 budget to the targets of spending and in particular to achieve the intended impact both in the union budget and the european union recovery instrument expenditures; welcomes the efforts for a more transparent and comprehensive reporting in the budgetary documents as well as the performance website , and emphasises the need to carry out sufficient ex-post evaluations with a particular focus on impact; calls on the commission to carefully take into account the conclusions of the special report of the european court of auditors on climate spending in the 2014-2020 eu budget as well as the performance audit from november 2022;


### 4. emphasises the negative effects of rapid inflation and increases in input prices on farmers , especially small-scale and young farmers; ### 4. emphasises the negative effects of rapid inflation and increases in input prices on farmers , especially small-scale or family farms , and young farmers; call to reinforce efforts to redistribute cap support to ensure adequate living conditions for small and family farms;


### 5. stresses the importance of the recovery and resilience facility and the related national plans; ### 5. stresses the importance of the recovery and resilience facility and the related national plans and expects that its concrete implementation will reflect the crucial role transport policy plays in enhancing territorial , social and economic cohesion within the union;


### 5. underlines that smes remain the backbone of the european economy , playing a vital role in growth and job creation; emphasises that adequate funding is necessary for the single market programme to boost small business competitiveness; stresses the need to maximise the potential of the investeu programme in leveraging sustainable and innovative investment and in providing capital support to smes hit by the crisis; ### 5. underlines that smes remain the backbone of the european economy , playing a vital role in growth and job creation; emphasises that adequate funding is necessary for the single market programme to boost small business competitiveness but also to ensure the highest level of consumer rights and protection; stresses the need to maximise the potential of the investeu programme in leveraging sustainable and innovative investment and in providing capital support to smes hit by the crisis; stresses that the 2024 union budget should be aligned with the paris agreement goals , with the eu climate neutrality target and with the green deal’s objectives , while ensuring that adequate support to the people and undertakings that have been most affected by the multiple crisis and its social and economic consequences;


### 5. recalls the need to adequately finance the union’s programmes , activities and initiatives , in particular the european citizens’ initiative and the citizens , equality , rights and values programme , which facilitate the participatory democracy processes in the eu , build citizens’ trust and enhance their understanding of the union’s policies; ### 5. recalls the need to adequately finance the union’s programmes , activities and initiatives , in particular the european citizens’ initiative as well as other participatory instruments such as citizens’ panels and fora and the citizens , equality , rights and values programme , which facilitate the participatory democracy processes in the eu , build citizens’ trust and enhance their understanding of the union’s policies; insists on the importance of adequate funding to guarantee a proper follow up to the conference on the future of europe (cofe) conclusions; asks to increase funds to enable a deeper involvement of the youth concerning the union’s democratic values and policies;


### 5. urges the commission to prioritise critical spending exclusively , given that the past two years have seen unprecedented government control measures , business failures and financial crises; underlines that , in the light of this , member states should be encouraged to promote family , motherhood and fatherhood policies to strengthen the unique foundation of every society; ### 5. stresses the importance of cohesion policy in promoting gender equality , welcomes that a gender equality related expenditure tracking system was included for the esf+ , erdf and the cohesion fund , which will allow for better monitoring of the investments related to gender equality; regrets the assessment during negotiations that a gender breakdown is in most cases not relevant for the erdf and the cohesion fund;


### 5. recalls the need for regular monitoring of the impact of the union budget on gender equality; calls for an increase in the budget in order to effectively implement the union institutions’ commitment to the eu gender action plan iii; ### 5. welcomes the commission's work on a new classification to measure the gender impact of union spending as set out in the iia; calls on the commission to ensure that this classification focuses an accurate and comprehensive representation of the impact of programmes on gender equality , with a view to getting the best gender equality impact from programmes that are currently categorized as zero (star) and to learning lessons for the design of the programmes; moreover , calls for an extension of that classification to all mff programmes in order to demonstrate results for the 2024 budget; stresses , in this regard , the need for systematic collection and analysis of gender-disaggregated data; expects all gender-relevant reporting to be done on the basis of volumes and not number of actions; recalls the need for regular monitoring of the impact of the union budget on gender equality; calls for an increase in the budget in order to effectively implement the union institutions’ commitment to the eu gender action plan iii;


### 5. calls for additional support for member states with the lowest direct payments in order to strengthen their capacity to withstand inflationary pressures and increased input prices; ### 5. calls for additional support for member states with below eu average direct payments in order to strengthen their capacity to withstand inflationary pressures and increased input prices;


### 6. reaffirms that research and innovation remain at the forefront of the eu’s economic development and competitiveness; highlights the continued need for investment , in particular through horizon europe and for companies , especially smes , to turn research results and innovative ideas into products and services which boost the global competitiveness of eu business; ### 6. reaffirms that research and innovation remain at the forefront of the eu’s economic development and competitiveness; highlights the continued need for investment , in particular through horizon europe and for companies , especially smes , to turn research results and innovative ideas into products and services which boost the global competitiveness of eu business; stresses the need for an ambitious funding of horizon europe programme , in order to ensure an optimal impact on the eu’s ability to tackling pressing societal challenges such as climate change , the realisation climate neutral economy and the sustainable development goals , the eu's strategic leadership , and that it is spent to the benefit of its citizens and society; stresses the need to particularly target eu r&i spending under horizon europe for responsible innovative technologies , products and businesses and non-technological solutions as well as to focus on the climate , biodiversity and digital component of horizon europe;


### 6. reaffirms that research and innovation remain at the forefront of the eu’s economic development and competitiveness; highlights the continued need for investment , in particular through horizon europe and for companies , especially smes , to turn research results and innovative ideas into products and services which boost the global competitiveness of eu business; ### 6. reaffirms that research and innovation remain at the forefront of the eu’s economic development and competitiveness; highlights the continued need for investment , in particular through horizon europe and for companies , especially smes , to turn research results and innovative ideas into products and services which boost the global competitiveness of eu business; recalls the need to invest and prepare the young generations for the future high-skilled jobs;


### 6. reaffirms that research and innovation remain at the forefront of the eu’s economic development and competitiveness; highlights the continued need for investment , in particular through horizon europe and for companies , especially smes , to turn research results and innovative ideas into products and services which boost the global competitiveness of eu business; ### 6. reaffirms that research and innovation remain at the forefront of the eu’s economic development and competitiveness; highlights the continued need for investment , in particular through horizon europe and for companies , especially smes , to turn research results and innovative ideas into products and services which boost the global sustainability and competitiveness of eu business;


### 6. recalls the role played by the european institute for gender equality in highlighting gender inequality in the eu. ### 6. recalls the important role played by the european institute for gender equality in highlighting gender inequality in the eu , stresses the need to allocate more staff to eige in order to cope with a sharp rise of requests for technical assistance on gender mainstreaming , the current context of increasing backlash on women's rights and gender equality;


### 6. urges member states to strengthen support measures for young farmers in order to tackle the need for generational renewal; ### 6. urges member states to strengthen support measures for young farmers in order to tackle the need for generational renewal; calls on the council and commission to maintain levels of support for young farmers in the general budget 2024;


### 7. calls for dedicated eu funding for sustainable forms of tourism; ### 7. calls for dedicated eu funding for sustainable forms of tourism , which creates good quality job opportunities , improves local residents’ well-being and reduces the environmental impact of tourism and related-travel;


### 7. strongly supports the key role cohesion policy plays in delivering on eu policy priorities and boosting the eu economy by contributing to growth , promoting convergence between countries and regions , supporting the green and digital transitions , and fostering innovation and employment; highlights the central importance of the common agricultural policy as the longest-standing eu policy in providing affordable , safe and high-quality food for eu citizens , in particular in the context of the war; ### 7. strongly supports the key role cohesion policy plays in delivering on eu policy priorities and boosting the eu economy by contributing to growth , promoting convergence between countries and regions , supporting the green and digital transitions , and fostering innovation and employment;


### 7. highlights the importance of funding research and innovation in the agri-food sector; ### 7. highlights the importance of the union budget , through rural development and horizon europe programmes , in funding research and innovation in agriculture and the agri-food sector , and ensuring strong farmer participation within relevant projects;


### 8. insists that the budget of the european union agency for railways be set at least as high as the budgets of other transport-related agencies and that funding for europe’s rail joint undertaking be increased significantly , in line with the union’s strategic priority of shifting to rail; ### 8. notes that the european union agency for railways continues to deliver on its tasks in the field of eu rail interoperability , safety and harmonisation; welcomes the continuous commitment from the agency to the objective of creating a single european railway area; insists that the budget of the european union agency for railways be set at least as high as the budgets of other transport-related agencies and that funding for europe’s rail joint undertaking be increased significantly , in line with the union’s strategic priority of shifting to rail;


### 8. underlines the importance of a stronger health union in post-pandemic europe and therefore adequate funding for eu4health and cluster health in horizon europe to ensure that the eu can respond effectively to future health crises , help strengthen health systems and improve people’s health; stresses the need to finance properly the beating cancer plan , especially given the increased number of patients post-pandemic; ### 8. underlines the importance of a stronger health union in post-pandemic europe and therefore adequate funding and resources for the eu4health programme; is concerned that over 50% of the eu4health budget was allocated for operational expenditures of the commission’s european health emergency and response authority (dg hera) and stresses the importance of appropriate funding to be allocated to the activities as foreseen by the eu4health regulation , including sufficient support for the implementation of the european health data space; recalls the importance of cluster health in horizon europe to ensure that the eu can respond effectively to future health crises , help strengthen health systems and improve people’s health; stresses the need to finance properly the beating cancer plan , especially given the increased number of patients post-pandemic;


### 9. believes that transport spending has at times not represented good value for money and should be improved; recommends , in this regard , implementing the recommendations contained in the european court of auditors’ special report 10/2020. ### 9. believes that transport spending has at times not represented good value for money and should be improved; recommends , in this regard , implementing the recommendations contained in the european court of auditors’ special report 10/2020 , which reveals that there is much room for improvement in the union’s transport funding system; notes the conclusion that large infrastructure projects are often confronted with significant cost overruns , as well as poor , incomplete or absent traffic forecasts and environmental impact assessments;