### further implementation of the shared environmental information system principle of ‘ produce once , use often’ and the common approaches and standards on acquisition and collation of spatial information under the inspire and gmes65 systems will help avoid duplication of effort and eliminate unnecessary administrative burdens on public authorities , as will efforts to streamline reporting obligations under different pieces of legislation . member states should make information gathered to assess environmental impacts of plans , programmes and projects more accessible to the public . ### further implementation of the shared environmental information system principle of ‘ produce once , use often’ and the common approaches and standards on acquisition and collation of spatial information under the inspire and copernicus systems , as well as other environmental information systems for europe , will help avoid duplication of effort and eliminate unnecessary administrative burdens on public authorities , as will efforts to streamline reporting obligations under different pieces of legislation . member states should make information gathered to assess environmental impacts of plans , programmes and projects more accessible to the public .


### there are still significant gaps in knowledge , some of them relevant to this programme ' s priority objectives . investing in further research to fill these gaps is therefore essential to ensure that public authorities and businesses have a sound basis for taking decisions which fully reflect true social , economic and environmental benefits and costs . four gaps stand out : ### there are still significant gaps in knowledge , some of them relevant to this programme ' s priority objectives . investing in further research to fill these gaps is therefore essential to ensure that public authorities and businesses have a sound knowledge of latest science which fully reflect true social , economic and environmental benefits and costs . four gaps stand out :


### – the transition to an inclusive green economy requires proper consideration of the interplay between socio - economic and environmental factors . improving our understanding of sustainable consumption and production patterns , how costs of action or inaction can be considered more accurately , how changes in individual and societal behaviour contribute to environmental outcomes and how europe ' s environment is affected by global megatrends can help better target policy initiatives towards improving resource efficiency and relieving pressures on the environment . ### – the transition to an inclusive green economy requires proper consideration of the interplay between socio - economic and environmental factors . improving our understanding of sustainable consumption and production patterns , how costs and benefits of action or inaction can be considered more accurately , how changes in individual and societal behaviour contribute to environmental outcomes and how europe ' s environment is affected by global megatrends can help better target policy initiatives towards improving resource efficiency and relieving pressures on the environment .


### – there are still uncertainties surrounding the human health and environmental implications of endocrine disruptors , mixtures , chemicals in products and nanomaterials . filling these gaps can accelerate decision - making and enable the further development of the chemicals acquis to better target areas of concern , while stimulating more sustainable use of chemicals . an improved understanding of the environmental factors affecting human health would allow preventive policy actions to be taken . ### – while there are still uncertainties surrounding the full implications for human health and the environment of endocrine disrupters , mixtures , chemicals in products and nanomaterials , the latest research indicates that endocrine disrupters cause adverse health effects , especially regarding pregnant women and the development of children . this fully warrants precautionary action . in addition , concerns exist regarding the potential environment and health implications of the combined effects of chemicals in products , nanomaterials and similar advanced materials . implementing existing knowledge , supplemented with a continued effort to fill the remaining knowledge gaps including , inter alia , via the use of biomonitoring and environmental monitoring , can accelerate decision - making and enable the further development of the chemicals acquis to better target areas of concern , and also help to stimulate a more sustainable approach to the use of chemicals . an improved understanding of the environmental factors and the levels of exposure affecting human health and the environment would allow preventive policy actions to be taken .


### new and emerging issues arising from rapid technological developments that outpace policy , such as nanomaterials , unconventional energy sources , carbon capture and storage and electromagnetic waves , pose risk management challenges and can give rise to conflicting interests , needs and expectations . this in turn can lead to increasing public concern and potential hostility towards new technologies . there is therefore a need to ensure a broader , explicit societal debate about the environmental risks and possible trade - offs that we are willing to accept in the light of sometimes incomplete or uncertain information about emerging risks and how they should be handled . a systematic approach to environmental risk management will improve the eu ' s capacity to identify and act upon technological developments in a timely manner , while providing reassurance to the public . ### new and emerging issues arising from rapid technological developments that outpace policy , such as nanomaterials and similar advanced materials , unconventional energy sources , carbon capture and storage and electromagnetic waves , pose risk management challenges and can give rise to conflicting interests , needs and expectations . this in turn can lead to increasing public concern and potential hostility towards new technologies . there is therefore a need to ensure a broader , explicit societal debate about the environmental risks and possible trade - offs that we are willing to accept in the light of sometimes incomplete or uncertain information about emerging risks and how they should be handled . a systematic approach to environmental risk management will improve the eu ' s capacity to identify and act upon technological developments in a timely manner , while providing reassurance to the public .


### in order to improve the evidence base for environment policy , the programme shall ensure that by 2020 : ### in order to improve the knowledge and evidence base for environment policy , the programme shall ensure that by 2020 :


### policy - makers and businesses have a better basis for developing and implementing environment and climate policies , including measuring costs and benefits . ### policy - makers and businesses have a better basis for developing and implementing environment and climate policies , including measuring costs and benefits of action or inaction .


### coordinating and focusing research efforts at eu and member state levels on addressing key environmental knowledge gaps , including the risks of environmental tipping - points . ### coordinating and focusing research efforts at eu and member state levels on addressing key environmental knowledge gaps , including the risks of environmental tipping - points as highlighted in the planetary boundaries concept .


### adopting a systematic approach to risk management . ### adopting a systematic and integrated approach to risk management , based on the precautionary principle and preventive action , the polluter - pays principle , the principle of rectification of pollution at source as well as the principle of proportionality .


### the increased capital provided to the european investment bank as part of the 2012 compact for growth and jobs provides an additional source of investment . ### the increased capital provided to the european investment bank as part of the 2012 compact for growth and jobs provides an additional source of investment , which shall be spent in line with the eu environment and climate objectives .


### environmental sustainability is key to reducing poverty and ensuring quality of life and economic growth . at rio + 20 , world leaders renewed their commitment to sustainable development and recognised the inclusive green economy as an important tool for achieving sustainable development , and the crucial role of a healthy environment in ensuring food security and reducing poverty . in the light of a growing population in an increasingly urbanised world , these challenges will include the need for action on water , oceans , sustainable land and ecosystems , resource efficiency , sustainable energy and climate change , including through the phase out of fossil fuel subsidies . they will need to be addressed through tailor - made approaches at local , national or union level , as well as committed engagement in international efforts to develop the solutions needed to ensure sustainable development globally . ### ensuring sustainability is one of the most pressing challenges facing the world today and is key to ending poverty and ensuring prosperity and wellbeing for all . at rio + 20 , world leaders renewed their commitment to sustainable development and to ensuring the promotion of an economically , socially and environmentally sustainable future for the planet , for present and future generations . they also recognised that the inclusive green economy is an important tool for achieving sustainable development , and the crucial role of a healthy environment in ensuring food security and reducing poverty . in the light of a growing population in an increasingly urbanised world , these challenges will include the need for international action in a number of areas such as water , oceans , sustainable land and ecosystems , resource efficiency , sustainable energy and climate change , including through the phase out of environmentally harmful subsidies , including fossil fuel subsidies . in addition to translating these commitments into action at the local , national and eu level , the eu will engage proactively in international efforts to develop the solutions needed to ensure sustainable development globally .


### the rio + 20 outcomes will need to be reflected in the internal and external policy priorities of the union and its member states . the union should also support the creation of a high level political forum to gradually replace the commission for sustainable development and monitor the implementation of rio + 20 outcomes . ### the rio + 20 outcomes needs to be reflected in the internal and external policy priorities of the union and its member states . the union should also support the workings of the high level political forum that will replace the commission for sustainable development and monitor the implementation of rio + 20 outcomes .


### the time span covered by this programme corresponds to key phases in international climate , biodiversity and chemical policy . to remain within the 2 °c ceiling , global ghg emissions need to be cut by at least 50 % of their 1990 levels by 2050 . however , only half the emission reductions required by 2020 have been pledged by parties under the unfccc . without more resolute global action , climate change is unlikely to be curtailed . even in a best - case scenario , countries will increasingly face inevitable impacts of climate change because of historical ghg emissions and will need to develop climate adaptation strategies . under the durban platform for enhanced action , a comprehensive and robust agreement applicable to all is to be agreed by 2015 and implemented as of 2020 . the eu will remain engaged proactively in this process , including in discussions on how to close the gap between current emission reduction pledges by developed and developing countries , and on action needed to stay on an emission pathway compatible with the 2oc objective . the follow - up to rio + 20 should also help reduce ghg emissions , thus supporting the fight against climate change . . in parallel , the eu should pursue and further intensify climate change partnerships with strategic partners and should take further action to mainstream environment and climate considerations in its development policy . ### the time span covered by this programme corresponds to key phases in international climate , biodiversity and chemical policy . to remain within the 2 °c ceiling , global ghg emissions need to be cut by at least 50 % of their 1990 levels by 2050 . however , only half the emission reductions required by 2020 have been pledged by parties under the unfccc8 . without more resolute global action , climate change is unlikely to be curtailed . even in a best - case scenario , countries will increasingly face inevitable impacts of climate change because of historical ghg emissions and will need to develop climate adaptation strategies . under the durban platform for enhanced action , a comprehensive and robust agreement applicable to all is to be agreed by 2015 and implemented as of 2020 . the eu will remain engaged proactively in this process , including in discussions on how to close the gap between current emission reduction pledges by developed and developing countries , and on action needed to stay on an emission pathway compatible with the 2oc objective while keeping in mind the scientific evidence for the need of a 1 , 5°c objective to reduce severe impacts on the most vulnerable countries . the follow - up to rio + 20 should also help reduce ghg emissions , thus supporting the fight against climate change . . in parallel , the eu should pursue and further intensify climate change partnerships with strategic partners by delivering on the pledges made in terms of capacity - building , climate financing and technological support and should take further action to mainstream environment and climate considerations in its development policy . the eu should also define its sources and fair share to contribute to the green climate fund in the context of the unfccc commitment .


### the outcomes of rio + 20 are fully integrated into the eu ' s external policies and the eu is contributing effectively to global efforts to implement agreed commitments , including those under the rio conventions . ### the outcomes of rio + 20 are fully integrated into the eu ' s internal and external policies and the eu is contributing effectively to global efforts to implement agreed commitments , including those under the rio conventions .


### working towards a more effective un structure for sustainable development through strengthening unep in line with the outcome of rio + 20 , while continuing to strive for an upgrade of unep ' s status to that of un agency , and supporting ongoing efforts to enhance synergies between multilateral environmental agreements ; ### working towards a more effective un structure for sustainable development , in particular its environmental dimension through : further strengthening the united nations environment programme in line with the outcome of rio + 20 , building on the decision by the unep governing council to establish a un environment assembly , while continuing to strive for an upgrade of unep ' s status to that of a specialised agency ; supporting efforts to enhance synergies between multilateral environmental agreements , in particular in the chemicals and waste and the biodiversity clusters ; and c ) contributing to ensuring a strong and authoritative voice for the environment in the work of the high level political forum on sustainable development .


### engaging with partner countries in a more strategic way . this should involve focusing cooperation : 1 ) with strategic partners on the promotion of best practice in domestic environment policy and legislation and convergence in multilateral environmental negotiations ; 2 ) with countries covered by the european neighbourhood policy on gradual approximation with key eu environment and climate policy and legislation and on strengthening cooperation to address regional environmental and climate challenges ; 3 ) with developing countries to support their efforts to protect the environment , fight climate change and reduce natural disasters , and implement international environmental commitments as a contribution to poverty reduction and sustainable development . ### engaging with partner countries in a more strategic way which includes a timely communication of the eu ' s position and goals ahead of international conferences . this should involve focusing cooperation : 1 ) with strategic partners on the promotion of best practice in domestic environment policy and legislation and convergence in multilateral environmental negotiations ; 2 ) with countries covered by the european neighbourhood policy on gradual approximation with key eu environment and climate policy and legislation and on strengthening cooperation to address regional environmental and climate challenges ; 3 ) with developing countries to support their efforts to protect the environment , fight climate change and reduce natural disasters , and implement international environmental commitments as a contribution to poverty reduction and sustainable development .


### engaging in multilateral environmental processes , including the unfccc , cbd and the chemicals - related conventions , as well as other relevant fora , such as the international civil aviation organization and the international maritime organization , in a more consistent , proactive and effective way with a view to ensuring that commitments for 2020 are met at eu and global level , and to agree on international action to be taken beyond 2020 . ### engaging in multilateral environmental processes , including the unfccc , cbd and the chemicals - related conventions , as well as other relevant fora , such as the international civil aviation organization and the international maritime organization , in a more consistent , proactive and effective way with a view to ensuring that commitments for 2020 are met at eu and global level , and to agree on international action to be taken beyond 2020 , and boosting efforts to implement all key multilateral environmental agreements well before 2020 .


### assessing the environmental impact , in a global context , of eu consumption of food and non - food commodities and possible related responses . ### assessing the environmental impact , in a global context , of eu consumption of food and non - food commodities and possible related responses and taking the necessary policy measures to address the findings of such assessments .


### the commission will ensure that implementation of the programme is monitored in the context of the europe 2020 strategy ' s regular monitoring process . an evaluation of the programme will be carried out before 2020 , in particular on the basis of the eea ' s state of the environment report . ### the commission will ensure that implementation of the programme is monitored in the context of the europe 2020 strategy ' s regular monitoring process . an evaluation of the programme will be carried out before 2020 , in particular on the basis of the eea ' s state of the environment report . the commission will on a biannual basis report to the parliament on the progress of the environment action programme .


### conditionality linked to the coordination of member states ' economic policies ### increase in payments for member states with temporary budgetary difficulties and experiencing a severe economic downturn


### increase in payments for member state with temporary budgetary difficulties ### increase in payments for member states with temporary budgetary difficulties and experiencing a severe economic downturn as referred to in regulation no 1466 / 97 and regulation no 1467 / 97 .


### eligible population , regional prosperity , national prosperity and unemployment rate for less developed regions and transition regions ; ### eligible population , regional prosperity , national prosperity , net adjusted disposable income per inhabitant and unemployment rate for less developed regions and transition regions ;


### the union is committed to achieving the europe 2020 strategy , which has set the objectives of smart , sustainable and inclusive growth , highlighting the role of research and innovation as key drivers of social and economic prosperity and of environmental sustainability and setting itself the goal to increase spending on research and development to reach 3 % of gross domestic product by 2020 while developing an innovation intensity indicator . in this context , the innovation union flagship initiative sets out a strategic and integrated approach to research and innovation , setting the framework and objectives to which future union research and innovation funding should contribute . research and innovation are also key factors for other europe 2020 flagship initiatives , notably on resource efficient europe , an industrial policy for the globalisation era , and a digital agenda for europe . moreover , for achieving the europe 2020 objectives relating to research and innovation , cohesion policy has a key role to play through building capacity and providing a stairway to excellence . ### the union is committed to achieving the europe 2020 strategy , which has set the objectives of smart , sustainable and inclusive growth , highlighting the role of research and innovation as key drivers of social and economic prosperity and of environmental sustainability and setting itself the goal to increase spending on research and development to reach 3 % of gross domestic product by 2020 while developing an innovation intensity indicator . in this context , the innovation union flagship initiative sets out a strategic and integrated approach to research and innovation , setting the framework and objectives to which future union research and innovation funding should contribute . research and innovation are also key factors for other europe 2020 flagship initiatives , notably on resource efficient europe , an industrial policy for the globalisation era , and a digital agenda for europe . moreover , for achieving the europe 2020 objectives relating to research and innovation , cohesion policy has a key role to play through building capacity and developing new tools to provide a stairway to excellence .


### with the aim of deepening the relationship between science and society and reinforcing public confidence in science , horizon 2020 should favour an informed engagement of citizens and civil society on research and innovation matters by promoting science education , by making scientific knowledge more accessible , by developing responsible research and innovation agendas that meet citizens ' and civil society ' s concerns and expectations and by facilitating their participation in horizon 2020 activities . ### with the aim of deepening the relationship between science and society and reinforcing public confidence in science , horizon 2020 should favour an informed engagement of citizens and civil society on research and innovation matters by promoting participatory research , science education , by making scientific knowledge and research data more accessible , by developing responsible research and innovation agendas that meet citizens ' and civil society ' s concerns and expectations and by facilitating their participation in horizon 2020 activities .


### social sciences and humanities shall be an integral part of the activities to address all the challenges . in addition , the underpinning development of these disciplines shall be supported under the specific objective ‘ inclusive , innovative and secure societies’ . support will also focus on providing a strong evidence base for policy making at international , union , national and regional levels . given the global nature of many of the challenges , strategic cooperation with third countries shall be an integral part of each challenge . in addition , cross - cutting support for international cooperation shall be provided under the specific objective ‘ inclusive , innovative and secure societies’ . ### social sciences and humanities are a discrete field of research and shall be one of the bases for the activities to address all the challenges facing the eu , as regards both the inclusion of people of all origins and their access to education and to social and cultural rights . in addition , the underpinning development of these disciplines shall be supported under the specific objective ‘ inclusive , innovative and secure societies’ . support will also focus on providing a strong evidence base for policy making at international , union , national and regional levels . given the global nature of many of the challenges , strategic cooperation with third countries shall be an integral part of each challenge . in addition , cross - cutting support for international cooperation shall be provided under the specific objective ‘ inclusive , innovative and secure societies’ .


### the specific objective ‘ inclusive , innovative and secure societies’ also includes an activity to close the research and innovation divide with specific measures to unlock excellence in less developed regions of the union . ### the specific objective ‘ inclusive , innovative and secure societies’ also includes an activity to close the research and innovation divide with specific measures to unlock excellence in less developed regions of the union , requiring , in particular , the broadest possible access to scientific and academic publications and to research data in those regions .


### the necessary reform must start at the first stages of the researchers’ careers , during their doctoral studies or comparable post - graduate training . europe must develop state - of - the - art , innovative training schemes , consistent with the highly competitive and increasingly inter - disciplinary requirements of research and innovation . strong involvement of businesses , including smes and other socio - economic actors , will be needed to equip researchers with the innovation skills demanded by the jobs of tomorrow . it will also be important to enhance the mobility of these researchers , as it currently remains at too modest a level : in 2008 , only 7 % of european doctoral candidates were trained in another member state , whereas the target is 20 % by 2030 . ### the necessary reform must start at the first stages of the researchers’ careers , during their doctoral studies or comparable post - graduate training . europe must develop state - of - the - art , innovative training schemes , consistent with the highly competitive and increasingly inter - disciplinary requirements of research and innovation . strong involvement of businesses , including smes and other socio - economic actors , will be needed to equip researchers with the innovation skills demanded by the jobs of tomorrow . it will also be important to enhance the mobility of these researchers , as it currently remains at too modest a level : in 2008 , only 7 % of european doctoral candidates were trained in another member state , whereas the target is 20 % by 2030 . accordingly , doctoral candidates in all fields must be clearly identified as one of the key target groups of the new programme for education , training , youth and sport , and care must be taken to ensure the necessary complementarity with horizon 2020 .


### key activities shall be to support short - term exchanges of research and innovation staff among a partnership of universities , research institutions , businesses , smes and other socio - economic groups , both within europe and worldwide . this will include fostering cooperation with third countries . ### key activities shall be to support short - term exchanges of research and innovation staff among a partnership of universities , research institutions , businesses , smes and other socio - economic groups , both within europe and worldwide . this will include fostering cooperation with third countries and , in particular , strengthening scientific partnerships between the two sides of the mediterranean and making euro - mediterranean research , innovation and technological development programmes more effective .


### specific activities shall include : understanding the determinants of health , improving health promotion and disease prevention ; understanding disease and improving diagnosis ; developing effective screening programmes and improving the assessment of disease susceptibility ; improving surveillance and preparedness ; developing better preventive vaccines ; using in - silico medicine for improving disease management and prediction ; treating disease ; transferring knowledge to clinical practice and scalable innovation actions ; better use of health data ; active ageing , independent and assisted living ; individual empowerment for self - management of health ; promotion of integrated care ; improving scientific tools and methods to support policy making and regulatory needs ; and optimising the efficiency and effectiveness of healthcare systems and reducing inequalities by evidence based decision making and dissemination of best practice , and innovative technologies and approaches . ### specific activities shall include : understanding the determinants of health , improving health promotion and disease prevention ; understanding disease and improving diagnosis ; developing effective screening programmes and improving the assessment of disease susceptibility ; improving surveillance and preparedness ; developing better preventive vaccines ; using in - silico medicine for improving disease management and prediction ; treating disease ; transferring knowledge to clinical practice and scalable innovation actions ; better use of health data ; active ageing , independent and assisted living ; individual empowerment for self - management of health ; promotion of integrated care ; improving scientific tools and methods to support policy making and regulatory needs ; and optimising the efficiency and effectiveness of healthcare systems and reducing inequalities by evidence based decision making and dissemination of best practice , and innovative technologies and approaches , in particular in relation to funding research and disseminating research results in order to share knowledge that will facilitate and speed up innovation in these areas .


### the aim is to enhance solidarity as well as social , economic and political inclusion and positive inter - cultural dynamics in europe and with international partners , through cutting - edge science and interdisciplinarity , technological advances and organisational innovations . humanities research can play an important role here . research shall support policymakers in designing policies that combat poverty and prevent the development of various forms of divisions , discriminations and inequalities in european societies , such as gender inequalities or digital or innovation divides , and with other world regions . it shall in particular feed into the implementation and the adaptation of the europe 2020 strategy and the broad external action of the union . specific measures shall be taken to unlock excellence in less developed regions , thereby widening participation in horizon 2020 . ### the aim is to enhance solidarity as well as social , economic and political inclusion and positive inter - cultural dynamics in europe and with international partners , through cutting - edge science and interdisciplinarity , technological advances and organisational innovations . humanities research can play an important role here , and must therefore be properly funded . research shall support policymakers in designing policies that combat poverty and prevent the development of various forms of divisions , discriminations and inequalities in european societies , such as gender inequalities or digital or innovation divides , and with other world regions . it shall in particular feed into the implementation and the adaptation of the europe 2020 strategy and the broad external action of the union . specific measures shall be taken to unlock excellence in less developed regions , thereby widening participation in horizon 2020 .


### maritime spatial planning and integrated coastal management will contribute , inter alia , to achieving the aims of directive 2009 / 28 / ec of the european parliament and of the council of 23 april 2009 on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources , council regulation 2371 / 2002 of 20 december 2002 on the conservation and sustainable exploitation of fisheries resources under the common fisheries policy , decision 884 / 2004 / ec of the european parliament and of the council amending decision no 1692 / 96 / ec on community guidelines for the development of the trans - european transport network , directive 2000 / 60 / ec of the european parliament and of the council of 23 october 2000 establishing a framework for community action in the field of water policy , directive 2008 / 56 / ec of the european parliament and of the council of 17 june 2008 establishing a framework for community action in the field of marine environmental policy , the eu biodiversity strategy for 2020 , the roadmap towards a resource efficient europe , the eu strategy on adaptation to climate change well as , where appropriate , those of the eu regional policy , including the sea - basin and macro - regional strategies . ### maritime spatial planning and integrated coastal management will contribute , inter alia , to achieving the aims of directive 2009 / 28 / ec of the european parliament and of the council of 23 april 2009 on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources , council regulation 2371 / 2002 of 20 december 2002 on the conservation and sustainable exploitation of fisheries resources under the common fisheries policy , decision 884 / 2004 / ec of the european parliament and of the council amending decision no 1692 / 96 / ec on community guidelines for the development of the trans - european transport network , directive 2000 / 60 / ec of the european parliament and of the council of 23 october 2000 establishing a framework for community action in the field of water policy , directive 2008 / 56 / ec of the european parliament and of the council of 17 june 2008 establishing a framework for community action in the field of marine environmental policy , council directive 92 / 43 / eec of 21 may 1992 on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora and directive 2009 / 147 / ec of the european parliament and of the council of 30 november 2009 on the conservation of wild birds , the eu biodiversity strategy for 2020 , the roadmap towards a resource efficient europe , the eu strategy on adaptation to climate change well as , where appropriate , those of the eu regional policy , including the sea - basin and macro - regional strategies .


### through maritime spatial plans and integrated coastal management strategies member states can reduce administrative burden and costs in support of their action to implement other relevant union legislation . the timelines for maritime spatial plans and integrated coastal management strategies should therefore be coherent with the timetables set out in other relevant legislation , especially : directive 2009 / 28 / ec , which requires that member state shall ensure that the share of energy from renewable sources in gross final consumption of energy in 2020 is at least 20 % and which identifies coordination of authorisation , certification and planning procedures , including spatial planning as an important contribution to achievement of the eu ' s renewable energy targets ; directive 2008 / 56 / ec and annex a to decision 2010 / 477 / eu , which requires that member states shall take the necessary measures to achieve or maintain good environmental status in the marine environment by 2020 and which identify maritime spatial planning as a tool to support the ecosystem - based approach to the management of human activities in order to achieve good environmental status ; decision 884 / 2004 / ec of the european parliament and of the council amending decision no 1692 / 96 / ec on community guidelines for the development of the trans - european transport network which requires that the trans - european transport network shall be established by 2020 by integrating europe ' s land , sea and air transport infrastructure networks . ### through maritime spatial plans and integrated coastal management strategies member states can reduce administrative burden and costs in support of their action to implement other relevant union legislation . the timelines for maritime spatial plans and integrated coastal management strategies should therefore be coherent with the timetables set out in other relevant legislation , especially : directive 2009 / 28 / ec , which requires that member state shall ensure that the share of energy from renewable sources in gross final consumption of energy in 2020 is at least 20 % and which identifies coordination of authorisation , certification and planning procedures , including spatial planning as an important contribution to achievement of the eu ' s renewable energy targets ; directive 2000 / 60 / ec of the european parliament and of the council of 23 october 2000 establishing a framework for community action in the field of water policy , which requires that member states achieve good ecological potential , good groundwater status and good surface water chemical status by 2015 , directive 2008 / 56 / ec and annex a to decision 2010 / 477 / eu , which requires that member states shall take the necessary measures to achieve or maintain good environmental status in the marine environment by 2020 and which identify maritime spatial planning as a tool to support the ecosystem - based approach to the management of human activities in order to achieve good environmental status ; decision 884 / 2004 / ec of the european parliament and of the council amending decision no 1692 / 96 / ec on community guidelines for the development of the trans - european transport network which requires that the trans - european transport network shall be established by 2020 by integrating europe ' s land , sea and air transport infrastructure networks .


### fostering the sustainable development and growth of the fisheries and aquaculture sector , including employment in fisheries and connected sectors ; ### fostering the sustainable exploitation and management of fishing areas and the sustainable development of the aquaculture sector , including employment in fisheries and connected sectors ;


### ensuring the preservation , protection and improvement of the environment as well as the prudent and rational use of natural resources , notably in order to achieve good environmental status , halt the loss of biodiversity and degradation of ecosystem services and reduce marine pollution risks ; ### ensuring the preservation , protection and improvement of the environment through a sufficient network of protected areas , as well as the prudent , precautionary and rational use of natural resources respecting their rate of renewal , notably in order to achieve a good environmental status , halt the loss of biodiversity and degradation of ecosystem services , to reduce marine pollution risks and to increase the sustainability of fish stocks ;


### maritime spatial plans and integrated coastal management strategies are subject to the provisions of directive 2001 / 42 / ec . ### maritime spatial plans and integrated coastal management strategies are subject to the provisions of directive 2001 / 42 / ec and of article 6 of directive 92 / 43 / eec where applicable .


### in order to optimise the use of the services provided , the systems , networks and services emerging from the galileo and egnos programmes must be compatible and interoperable with one another and , insofar as possible , with other satellite navigation systems and conventional means of radio navigation . ### in order to optimise the use of the services provided , the systems , networks and services emerging from the galileo and egnos programmes must be compatible and interoperable with one another and with other satellite navigation systems and conventional means of radio navigation .


### since the union is responsible , in principle , for financing the programmes in full , provision should be made for it to own all tangible and intangible assets created or developed under these programmes . in order to comply fully with any fundamental rights relating to ownership , the necessary arrangements with existing owners should be made , particularly for essential elements of the infrastructures and their security . in order to facilitate adoption of satellite navigation by the markets , there is a need to ensure that third parties can make optimum use in particular of the intellectual property rights arising from the programmes which belong to the union , in particular at social and economic level . ### since the union is responsible , in principle , for financing the programmes in full , it should be transparent and provision should be made for it to own all tangible and intangible assets created or developed under these programmes . in order to comply fully with any fundamental rights relating to ownership , the necessary arrangements with existing owners should be made , particularly for essential elements of the infrastructures and their security . in order to facilitate adoption of satellite navigation by the markets , there is a need to ensure that third parties can make optimum use in particular of the intellectual property rights arising from the programmes which belong to the union , in particular at social and economic level .


### the systems , networks and services resulting from the galileo and egnos programmes shall , insofar as possible , be compatible and interoperable with other satellite navigation systems as well as with conventional means of radio navigation . ### the systems , networks and services resulting from the galileo and egnos programmes shall be compatible and interoperable with other satellite navigation systems as well as with conventional means of radio navigation .


### the member states may provide additional funding to the galileo programme . the revenue arising from these contributions shall constitute assigned revenue in accordance with article 18 of the regulation no 1605 / 2002 . in accordance with the principle of transparent management , the commission shall communicate any impact on the galileo programme resulting from the application of this paragraph to the committee in accordance with article 35 of this regulation . ### the member states may provide additional funding to the galileo programme . the revenue arising from these contributions shall constitute assigned revenue in accordance with article 18 of the regulation no 1605 / 2002 . in accordance with the principle of transparent management , the commission shall communicate any impact on the galileo programme resulting from the application of this paragraph to the european parliament , the council and the committee in accordance with article 35 of this regulation .


### the member states can provide additional funding to the egnos programme . the revenue arising from these contributions shall constitute assigned revenue in accordance with article 18 of the regulation no 1605 / 2002 . in accordance with the principle of transparent management , the commission shall communicate any impact on the egnos programme resulting from the application of this paragraph to the committee in accordance with article 35 of this regulation . ### the member states can provide additional funding to the egnos programme . the revenue arising from these contributions shall constitute assigned revenue in accordance with article 18 of the regulation no 1605 / 2002 . in accordance with the principle of transparent management , the commission shall communicate any impact on the egnos programme resulting from the application of this paragraph to the european parliament , the council and the committee in accordance with article 35 of this regulation .


### in order to attain its objectives , the copernicus programme should rely on an autonomous union’s capacity for space - borne observations and provide operational services in the field of environment , civil protection and security . it should also make use of the available in - situ data provided , namely , by the member states . the provision of operational services depends on the well - functioning and safety of the copernicus space component . the increasing risk of collision with other satellites and space debris is the most serious threat to the copernicus space component . therefore , the copernicus programme should support actions aimed at reducing such risks , in particular by contributing to the programme established by decision [ xxx ] of the european parliament and the council establishing a space surveillance and tracking support programme11 . __________________ 11 oj l , , p . . ### in order to attain its objectives , the copernicus programme should rely on an autonomous union’s capacity for space - borne observations and provide operational services in the field of environment , civil protection and safety . it should also make use of the available in - situ data provided , namely , by the member states . the provision of operational services depends on the well - functioning and safety of the copernicus space component . the increasing risk of collision with other satellites and space debris is the most serious threat to the copernicus space component . therefore , the copernicus programme should support actions aimed at reducing such risks , in particular by contributing to the programme established by decision [ xxx ] of the european parliament and the council establishing a space surveillance and tracking support programme11 . __________________ 11 oj l , , p . .


### support of the europe 2020 growth strategy by contributing to the objectives of smart , sustainable and inclusive growth ; in particular , it shall contribute to economic stability and growth by boosting commercial applications . ### support of the europe 2020 growth strategy by contributing to the objectives of smart , sustainable and inclusive growth ; in particular , it shall contribute to economic stability and growth by boosting free exchange of data and commercial applications .


### the agency should enhance its assistance to the commission regarding research activities related to its field of competences . however , double work with the existing eu research framework should be avoided . in particular , the agency should not be in charge of the management of research projects . ### the agency should enhance its assistance to the commission regarding research activities related to its field of competences . however , duplication with the existing eu research framework should be avoided . in particular , the agency should not be in charge of the management of research projects . in extending the agency’s tasks , attention should be paid to ensuring that the tasks are described clearly and precisely , that there is no duplication and that any confusion is avoided .


### recent events highlighted the risks of offshore oil and gas exploration and production activities to maritime transport and the marine environment . the use of the agency ' s response capabilities should be explicitly extended to cover response to pollution originating from such activities . in addition , the agency should assist the commission in analysing the safety of mobile offshore gas and oil installations , in order to identify possible weaknesses , basing its contribution on the expertise it has developed with regard to maritime safety , maritime security , the prevention of pollution caused by ships and response to marine pollution . ### recent events highlighted the risks of offshore oil and gas exploration and production and transport activities to maritime transport , the marine environment and coastal areas . the use of the agency ' s response capabilities should be explicitly extended to cover prevention of and response to pollution originating from such activities . in addition , the agency should assist the commission in analysing the safety of mobile offshore gas and oil installations , in order to identify possible weaknesses , basing its contribution on the expertise it has developed with regard to maritime safety , maritime security , the prevention of pollution caused by ships and response to marine pollution . the agency should in particular , through its existing satellite monitoring and surveillance service , assist the commission and the member states in detecting and dealing with the effects of oil spills emanating from offshore oil and gas installations .


### recent events highlighted the risks of offshore oil and gas exploration and production activities to maritime transport and the marine environment . the use of the agency ' s response capabilities should be explicitly extended to cover response to pollution originating from such activities . in addition , the agency should assist the commission in analysing the safety of mobile offshore gas and oil installations , in order to identify possible weaknesses , basing its contribution on the expertise it has developed with regard to maritime safety , maritime security , the prevention of pollution caused by ships and response to marine pollution . ### recent events highlighted the risks of offshore oil and gas exploration and production activities to maritime transport and the marine environment . the use of the agency ' s capabilities should be explicitly extended to cover prevention of as well as response to any pollution originating from such activities ; these capabilities should be available across the eu and neighbouring countries . in addition , the agency should assist the commission in analysing the safety of all offshore gas and oil installations , in order to identify possible weaknesses , basing its contribution on the expertise it has developed with regard to maritime safety , maritime security , the prevention of pollution caused by ships and response to marine pollution . this additional role , which offers european added value by making use of the agency ' s existing knowledge and expertise , should be accompanied by appropriate financial and staff resources .


### the agency shall provide the member states and the commission with the technical and scientific assistance needed and with a high level of expertise , in order to help them to apply the union legislation properly in the field of maritime safety , maritime security , prevention of pollution caused by ships , to monitor its implementation and to evaluate the effectiveness of the measures in place . ### the agency shall provide the member states and the commission with the technical and scientific assistance needed and with a high level of expertise , in order to help them to apply the relevant legislation properly in the field of maritime safety , maritime security , marine protection of the environment in particular ensuring the prevention of pollution caused by ships , by offshore oil and gas installations including both oil and gas drilling platforms and pipeline terminals , to monitor its implementation and to evaluate the effectiveness of the measures in place .


### the agency shall provide the member states and the commission with the technical and scientific assistance needed and with a high level of expertise , in order to help them to apply the union legislation properly in the field of maritime safety , maritime security , prevention of pollution caused by ships , to monitor its implementation and to evaluate the effectiveness of the measures in place . ### the agency shall provide the member states and the commission with the logistical , technical and scientific assistance needed and with a high level of expertise , in order to help them to apply the union legislation properly in the field of maritime safety including rescue and assistance , prevention of marine pollution and promotion of maritime security , to monitor its implementation and to evaluate the effectiveness of the measures in place .


### where appropriate , and in any case when a cycle of inspections is concluded , the agency shall analyse reports from that cycle with a view to identifying horizontal findings and general conclusions on the effectiveness of the measures in place . the agency shall present this analysis to the commission for further discussion with member states . ### where appropriate , and in any case when a cycle of inspections is concluded , the agency shall analyse reports from that cycle with a view to identifying horizontal findings and general conclusions on the effectiveness of the measures in place . the agency shall present this analysis to the commission for further discussion with member states , and shall make it available to the public in an easily accessible format , including in electronic form .


### the agency shall at the request of the commission provide technical assistance as regards the implementation of relevant eu legislation to states applying for accession to the union , to all european neighbourhood partner countries and to countries taking part in the paris memorandum of understanding on port state control . ### the agency shall at the request of the commission provide technical assistance as regards the implementation of relevant eu legislation to states applying for accession to the union , to all european neighbourhood partner countries and to countries taking part in the paris memorandum of understanding on port state control . the commission shall ensure that the agency has open access to all relevant reporting on port state control .


### in order to perform the tasks entrusted to it and to assist the commission in fulfilling its duties under the treaty in particular the assessment of the effective implementation of union law , the agency shall carry out inspections in the member states . ### in order to perform the tasks entrusted to it and to assist the commission in fulfilling its duties under the treaty in particular the assessment of the effective implementation of union law , the agency shall assist the commission in reviewing environmental impact assessments and carry out inspections in the member states .


### at the request of the commission , the administrative board may decide , with the agreement of the member states concerned , to establish the regional centres necessary in order to carry out the agency ' s tasks in the most efficient and effective way . ### at the request of the commission , the administrative board may decide , with the agreement and cooperation of the member states concerned , to establish the regional centres necessary in order to carry out the agency ' s tasks in the most efficient and effective way , enhancing cooperation with existing regional and national networks already engaged in prevention measures .


### the executive director shall be appointed and dismissed by the administrative board . the appointment shall be made from a list of candidates proposed by the commission for a period of five years on grounds of merit and documented administrative and managerial skills , as well as competence and experience relevant for maritime safety , maritime security , prevention of pollution caused by ships and response to marine pollution . before appointment , the candidate selected by the administrative board may be invited to make a statement before the competent committee of the european parliament and answer questions put by its members . the administrative board shall take its decision by a four - fifths majority of all members with the right to vote . ### the executive director shall be appointed and dismissed by the administrative board . the appointment shall be made from a list of candidates proposed by the commission for a period of five years on grounds of merit and documented administrative and managerial skills , as well as gender equality , competence and experience relevant for maritime safety , maritime security , prevention of pollution caused by ships , by offshore oil and gas installations including pipeline terminals and response to marine pollution . before appointment , the candidate selected by the administrative board may be invited to make a statement before the competent committee of the european parliament and answer questions put by its members . the administrative board shall take its decision by a four - fifths majority of all members with the right to vote .


### the heads of department shall be appointed on grounds of merit and documented administrative and managerial skills , as well as professional competence and experience relevant for maritime safety , maritime security , prevention of pollution caused by ships and response to marine pollution . the heads of department shall be appointed or dismissed by the executive director after having received a positive opinion of the administrative board . ### the heads of department shall be appointed on grounds of merit and documented administrative and managerial skills , as well as gender equality , professional competence and experience relevant for maritime safety , maritime security , prevention of pollution caused by ships and response to marine pollution . the heads of department shall be appointed or dismissed by the executive director after having received a positive opinion of the administrative board .


### supporting the implementation of union law and policies in the member states ; ### supporting the implementation of union law and policies in the member state and promoting , in particular through support to civil society organisations , the implementation and enforcement of fundamental rights within the scope of eu law ;


### directive 2012 / 34 / eu of the european parliament and of the council of 21 november 2012 establishing a single european railway area establishes a single european railway area with common rules on the governance of railway undertakings and infrastructure managers , on infrastructure financing and charging , on conditions of access to railway infrastructure and services and on regulatory oversight of the rail market . with all these elements in place , it is now possible to complete the opening of the union railway market and reform the governance of infrastructure managers with the objective of ensuring equal access to the infrastructure . ### directive 2012 / 34 / eu of the european parliament and of the council of 21 november 2012 establishing a single european railway area establishes a single european railway area with common rules on the governance of railway undertakings and infrastructure managers , on infrastructure financing and charging , on conditions of access to railway infrastructure and services and on regulatory oversight of the rail market . with all these elements in place , it is now possible to complete the opening of the union railway market and reform the governance of infrastructure managers with the objective of ensuring equal access to the infrastructure in order to improve the quality of rail services europe - wide while safeguarding social standards and employment conditions .


### granting union railway undertakings the right of access to railway infrastructure in all member states for the purpose of operating domestic passenger services may have implications for the organisation and financing of rail passenger services provided under a public service contract . member states should have the option of limiting such right of access where it would compromise the economic equilibrium of those public service contracts and where approval has been given by the relevant regulatory body . ### granting union railway undertakings the right of access to railway infrastructure in all member states for the purpose of operating domestic passenger services may have implications for the organisation and financing of rail passenger services provided under a public service contract . member states should have the option of limiting such right of access where it would compromise the quality of the service and the availability also in remote areas or the economic equilibrium of those public service contracts and where approval has been given by the relevant regulatory body .


### in order to increase the attractiveness of railway services for passengers , member states should be in a position to require railway undertakings operating domestic passenger services to participate in a common information and integrated ticketing scheme for the supply of tickets , through - tickets and reservations . if such a scheme is established , it should be ensured that it does not create market distortion or discriminate between railway undertakings . ### in order to increase the attractiveness of railway services for passengers , member states should require railway undertakings operating domestic passenger services to participate in a common information and integrated ticketing scheme for the supply of tickets , through - tickets and reservations including all social requirements . the ticket - service should not create barriers for people with disabilities , elderly people , families or people which need special support .


### in order to determine whether the economic equilibrium of a public service contract would be compromised , the relevant regulatory body or bodies referred to in article 55 shall make an objective economic analysis and base its decision on pre - determined criteria . they shall determine this after a request from any of the following , submitted within one month from the information on the intended passenger service referred to in article 38 : ### in order to determine whether the economic equilibrium and the availability and quality of a public service contract would be compromised , the relevant regulatory body or bodies referred to in article 55 shall make an objective economic , social and environmental analysis , including an analysis of the employment conditions , and base its decision on pre - determined criteria . they shall determine this after a request from any of the following , submitted within one month from the information on the intended passenger service referred to in article 38 :


### without prejudice to regulation no 1371 / 2007 and directive 2010 / 40 / eu , member states may require railway undertakings operating domestic passenger services to participate in a common information and integrated ticketing scheme for the supply of tickets , through - tickets and reservations or decide to give the power to competent authorities to establish such a scheme . if such a scheme is established , member states shall ensure that it does not create market distortion or discriminate between railway undertakings and that it is managed by a public or private legal entity or an association of all railway undertakings operating passenger services . ### without prejudice to regulation no 1371 / 2007 and directive 2010 / 40 / eu , member states shall require railway undertakings operating domestic passenger services to participate in a common information and integrated ticketing scheme for the supply of tickets , through - tickets and reservations or decide to give the power to competent authorities to establish such a scheme . if such a scheme is established , member states shall ensure that it does not create market distortion or discriminate between railway undertakings and that it is managed by a public or private legal entity or an association of all railway undertakings operating passenger services .


### where an applicant intends to request infrastructure capacity with a view to operating a passenger service , it shall inform the infrastructure managers and the regulatory bodies concerned no less than 18 months before the entry into force of the working timetable to which the request for capacity relates . in order to enable regulatory bodies concerned to assess the potential economic impact on existing public service contracts , regulatory bodies shall ensure that any competent authority that has awarded a rail passenger service on that route defined in a public service contract , any other interested competent authority with the right to limit access under article 11 and any railway undertaking performing the public service contract on the route of that passenger service is informed without undue delay and at the latest within five days . ### where an applicant intends to request infrastructure capacity with a view to operating a passenger service , it shall inform the infrastructure managers and the regulatory bodies concerned no less than 18 months before the entry into force of the working timetable to which the request for capacity relates . in order to enable regulatory bodies concerned to assess the potential economic , social and environmental impact on existing public service contracts , regulatory bodies shall ensure that any competent authority that has awarded a rail passenger service on that route defined in a public service contract , any other interested competent authority with the right to limit access under article 11 and any railway undertaking performing the public service contract on the route of that passenger service is informed without undue delay and at the latest within five days .


### the union is founded on the values of democracy , the rule of law , the universality and indivisibility of and respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms , respect for human dignity , the principles of equality and solidarity and respect for the principles of the un charter and international law . it seeks to develop and consolidate commitment to these values in partner countries and regions through dialogue and cooperation . ### the union is founded on the values of democracy , the rule of law , the universality and indivisibility of and respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms , respect for human dignity , gender equality , the principles of equality and solidarity and respect for the principles of the un charter and international law . it seeks to develop and consolidate commitment to these values in partner countries and regions through dialogue and cooperation .


### the union also aims to ensure coherence with other areas of its external action . this should be ensured when formulating the union ' s development cooperation policy and its strategic planning programming and implementation of measures . ### the union also aims to ensure coherence with other areas of its external action . this should be ensured when formulating the union ' s external dimension of , notably , its security , trade , investment , agriculture and fisheries policy and its strategic planning programming and implementation of measures .


### union assistance should support the joint africa - eu strategy and its successive actions plans which forms the framework for broad and mutually beneficial cooperation within a strategic partnership characterised by the pursuit of common objectives on an equal footing . ### union assistance should support the joint africa - eu strategyand its successive actions plans which forms the framework for broad and mutually beneficial cooperation within a strategic partnership characterised by the pursuit of common objectives on an equal footing . the consolidation of multilateral institutions and governance is an important factor in making a significant contribution to strengthening the union ' s and partner countries ' and regions ' role and place in the world .


### the union ' s policy and international action for development cooperation are guided by the mdgs , such as the eradication of extreme poverty and hunger , including any subsequent modifications thereto , and by the development objectives and principles approved by the union and its member states , including in the context of their cooperation within the united nations and other competent international organisations in the field of development cooperation . ### the union ' s policy and international action for development cooperation are guided by the mdgs , such as the eradication of extreme poverty and hunger , including any subsequent modifications thereto , and by the development objectives and principles approved by the union , its member states , and the european parliament including in the context of their cooperation within the united nations and other competent international organisations in the field of development cooperation .


### the union should promote a comprehensive approach in response to crisis and disaster and to conflict - affected and fragile situations , including those of transition . this should in particular build on the council conclusions on security and development on an eu response to situations of fragility on conflict prevention as well as any relevant subsequent conclusions . this should provide the necessary mix of approaches , responses and instruments in particular by ensuring an appropriate balance between the security - oriented , development and humanitarian approaches , and by linking short - term reaction with the long term support . ### the union should promote a comprehensive approach in response to crisis and disaster and to conflict - affected and fragile situations , including those of transition . this should in particular build on the council conclusions on security and development on an eu response to situations of fragility on conflict preventionas well as any relevant subsequent conclusions . this should provide the necessary mix of approaches , responses and instruments in particular by ensuring an appropriate balance between the security - oriented , development and humanitarian approaches , and by linking short - term reaction with the long term support . each country analysis and programming should contain a conflict analysis .


### union assistance should focus where it has more impact , having regard to its capacity to act on a global scale and respond to global challenges such as poverty eradication , sustainable and inclusive development and worldwide promotion of democracy , good governance , human rights and the rule of law , its long - term and predictable commitment to development assistance and its role in coordinating with its member states . to ensure such impact , the principle of differentiation should be applied not only at the level of funds allocation , but also at the level of programming , to ensure that bilateral development cooperation targets partner countries most in need , including fragile states and states with high vulnerability , and with limited capacity to have access to other sources of financing for supporting their own development , having regard to the potential impact of the union assistance in partner countries . as a consequence , bilateral programming would target such countries , pursuant to the application of objective criteria based on the needs and capacities of these countries , as well as the impact of eu assistance . ### union assistance should focus where it has more impact , having regard to its capacity to act on a global scale and respond to global challenges such as poverty eradication , sustainable and inclusive development , conservation of the environment , climate change mitigation and adaptation , worldwide promotion of democracy , good governance , human rights and the rule of law , its long - term and predictable commitment to development assistance and its role in coordinating with its member states . to ensure such impact , the principle of differentiation should be applied not only at the level of funds allocation , but also at the level of programming , to ensure that bilateral development cooperation targets partner countries most in need , including fragile states and states with high vulnerability , and with limited capacity to have access to other sources of financing for supporting their own development , having regard to the potential impact of the union assistance in partner countries . as a consequence , bilateral programming would target such countries , pursuant to the application of objective criteria based on the needs and capacities of these countries , as well as the impact of eu assistance . to ensure the greatest impact of union assistance in the world , the implementation of this regulation should be strictly coordinated with programmes and actions funded under other regulations establishing external financing instruments , namely regulation no [ . . . / . . . ] of the european parliament and of the council establishing an instrument for stability and regulation no [ . . . / . . . ] of the european parliament and of the council establishing a financing instrument for the promotion of democracy and human rights worldwide and regulation no [ . . . / . . . ] of the european parliament and of the council establishing a partnership instrument for cooperation with third countries .


### this regulation should provide an enabling framework for programming , allowing enhanced consistency between union policies by using a joint framework document as a basis for programming . it should enable full alignment with partner countries and regions by relying , where appropriate , on national development plans or similar comprehensive development documents ; and pursue a better coordination amongst donors , in particular between the union and its member states , through joint programming . ### this regulation should provide an enabling framework for programming , allowing enhanced policy coherence for development between union policies by using a joint framework document as a basis for programming . it should enable full alignment with partner countries and regions by relying , where possible , on national development plans or similar comprehensive development documents adopted by parliaments of partner countries or partner regions upon consultation of their respective civil societies ; and pursue a better coordination amongst donors , in particular between the union and its member states , through joint programming .


### promoting democracy , the rule of law , good governance and respect for human rights . ### promoting democracy , the rule of law , good governance , environmental and biodiversity protection , respect for human rights , and mainstreaming climate change adaptation and mitigation .


### the achievement of these objectives shall be measured using relevant indicators , in particular mdg 1 for subparagraph and mdgs 1 to 8 for subparagraph , and other indicators agreed by the union and its member states . ### the achievement of these objectives shall be measured using human development indicators , in particular mdg 1 for subparagraph and mdgs 1 to 8 for subparagraph , and other indicators agreed by the un , the union and its member states .


### the union seeks to promote , develop and consolidate the principles of democracy , the rule of law and respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms on which it is founded , through dialogue and cooperation with partner countries and regions . ### the union seeks to promote , develop and consolidate the principles of democracy , the rule of law and respect for all aspects of human rights , including social , economic and cultural rights and fundamental freedoms on which it is founded , through dialogue and cooperation with partner countries and regions .


### the following cross - cutting issues shall be mainstreamed in all programmes : the promotion of human rights , gender equality , women empowerment , non - discrimination , democracy , good governance , the rights of the child and indigenous peoples ' rights , social inclusion and the rights of persons with disabilities , environmental sustainability including addressing climate change and combating hiv / aids . ### the following cross - cutting issues shall be mainstreamed in all programmes : the promotion of human rights , gender equality , women empowerment , non - discrimination , democracy , good governance , the rights of the child and indigenous peoples ' rights , social inclusion and the rights of persons with disabilities , environmental sustainability including addressing climate change , conflict prevention and combating hiv / aids .


### the union shall promote effective cooperation with partner countries and regions in line with international best practice . it shall increasingly align its support with partners ' national or regional development strategies , reform policies and procedures . it shall contribute to strengthening the process of mutual accountability between partner governments and institutions and donors and promote local expertise and local employment . to that end , it shall promote : ### the union shall promote effective cooperation with partner countries and regions in line with international best practice . it shall increasingly align its support with partners ' national or regional development strategies , reform policies and procedures . it shall contribute to strengthening the process of partner countries ' accountability to its citizens as well as mutual accountability between partner governments and institutions and donors and promote local expertise and local employment . to that end , it shall promote :


### strategy papers are documents drawn up by the union to provide a coherent framework for development cooperation between the union and the partner country or region concerned , consistent with the overall purpose and scope , objectives , principles and policy of the union . ### strategy papers are documents drawn up by the partner country and agreed with the union to provide a coherent framework for development cooperation between the union and the partner country or region concerned , consistent with the overall purpose and scope , objectives , principles and policy of the union .


### to that end , strategy papers shall , in principle , be based on a dialogue between the union and the partner country or region , involving where appropriate , the relevant member states , and the partner country or region , involving civil society and regional and local authorities , so as to ensure that the country or region concerned takes sufficient ownership of the process and to encourage support for national development strategies , particularly those for reducing poverty . ### to that end , strategy papers shall , in principle , be based on a dialogue between the union and the partner country or region , involving where appropriate , the relevant member states , and the partner country or region , in consultation with the national / regional parliaments and involving civil society and regional and local authorities , so as to ensure that the country or region concerned takes sufficient ownership of the process and to encourage support for national development strategies , particularly those for reducing poverty .


### in cases of crises , post crisis and fragility situations or threats to democracy , the rule of law , human rights or fundamental freedoms requiring a swift response by the union , the urgency procedure provided for in article 15 of the common implementing regulation may be used to modify the document referred to in article 11 following an ad hoc review of the country ' s or region ' s cooperation strategy . ### in cases of crises , post crisis and fragility situations or threats to democracy , peace and stability , the rule of law , human rights or fundamental freedoms requiring a swift response by the union , the urgency procedure provided for in article 15 of the common implementing regulation may be used to modify the document referred to in article 11 following an ad hoc review of the country ' s or region ' s cooperation strategy .


### such reviews may propose a specific and adapted strategy to ensure the transition to long - term cooperation and development , promoting a better coordination and transition between the humanitarian and development policy instruments . ### such reviews may propose a specific and adapted strategy to ensure the transition to long - term cooperation and development , promoting a better coordination and transition between the peace - building , conflict prevention , humanitarian , and development policy instruments .


### for the purposes of this chapter , ‘ geographical indication’ means an indication referring to a region , a specific place or a country , used to describe an aromatised wine product where a given quality , reputation or other characteristics of that product is essentially attributable to its geographical origin . ### for the purposes of this chapter , ‘ geographical indication’ means an indication referring to a region , a specific place or a country , used to describe an aromatised wine product where a given quality , reputation or other characteristics of that product is essentially attributable to its geographical origin . the use of a geographical indication implies that the grapes used for the production of the aromatised wine product originate in the region , place or country to which the indication makes reference .


### the climate and energy package adopted in 2009 , in particular decision no 406 / 2009 / ec of 23 april 2009 on the efforts of member states to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions to meet the community’s greenhouse gas emission reduction commitments up to 2020 and directive 2009 / 29 / ec of 23 april 2009 amending directive 2003 / 87 / ec to improve and extend the greenhouse gas emission allowance trading scheme of the community , marks another firm commitment by the union and the member states to significantly reduce their greenhouse gas emissions . the union ' s system for monitoring and reporting emissions also should be updated in the light of new requirements under that legislation . ### the climate and energy package adopted in 2009 , in particular decision no 406 / 2009 / ec of 23 april 2009 on the efforts of member states to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions to meet the community’s greenhouse gas emission reduction commitments up to 2020 , directive 2009 / 29 / ec of 23 april 2009 amending directive 2003 / 87 / ec to improve and extend the greenhouse gas emission allowance trading scheme of the community , and directive 2009 / 28 / ec of the european parliament and of the council of 23 april 2009 on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources1marks another firm commitment by the union and the member states to significantly reduce their greenhouse gas emissions . the third pillar of the eu climate strategy , which is to achieve 20 % energy savings by 2020 , is implemented in union legislation through the directive on energy efficiency , repealing directives 2004 / 8 / ec and 2006 / 32 / ec . the union ' s system for monitoring and reporting emissions also should be updated in the light of new requirements under that legislation . ________ 1 oj l 140 , 5 . 6 . 2009 , p . 16 .


### requirements for the monitoring and reporting of emissions from maritime transport by member states should be adopted in a manner which is complementary and consistent with any requirements agreed at the unfccc or , to the extent possible , with requirements applied to vessels as determined in the context of the international maritime organisation or through a union measure addressing ghg emissions from maritime transport . such monitoring and reporting would allow for an improved understanding of these emissions and would support effective policy implementation . ### in order to improve data on pollution from ships and to overcome inefficiencies resulting from lack of transparency of information , requirements for the monitoring and reporting by ship owners and operators of climate - relevant information relating to maritime transport should be adopted in a manner which is complementary and consistent with any requirements agreed at the unfccc or , to the extent possible , with requirements applied to vessels as determined in the context of the international maritime organisation or through a union measure addressing ghg emissions from maritime transport . the owners of ships should identify their performance in accordance with the imo energy efficiency design index , as well as the imo energy efficiency operational index , and information on their efficiency should be made available to charterers and users . such monitoring and reporting would allow for an improved understanding of these emissions and would support effective policy implementation .


### aviation has an impact on the global climate through releases of carbon dioxide but also through other emissions and mechanisms , including nitrogen oxides emissions and cirrus cloud enhancement . in the light of the rapidly developing scientific understanding of these impacts , an updated assessment of the non - co2 impacts of aviation on the global climate should be performed regularly in the context of this regulation . ### aviation has an impact on the global climate through releases of carbon dioxide but also through other emissions and mechanisms , including nitrogen oxides emissions and cirrus cloud enhancement . in the light of the rapidly developing scientific understanding of these impacts , an updated assessment of the non - co2 impacts of aviation on the global climate should be performed regularly in the context of this regulation , and recommendations made as to feasible policy options for addressing them .


### in order to ensure uniform conditions for the implementation of article 20 of this regulation , implementing powers should be conferred on the commission . in order to establish harmonised reporting requirements to monitor greenhouse gas emissions and other information relevant to climate change policy , the power to adopt acts in accordance with article 290 of the treaty on the functioning of the european union should be delegated to the commission in respect of the revision of annex i of this regulation , member states ' reporting on lulucf and maritime transport , member states ' national systems , the expert review of member states ' inventory data , the detailed requirements on the content , structure , format and submission processes of member states ' reporting as well as the repeal and amendment of certain obligations pursuant to this regulation . it is of particular importance that the commission carry out consultations during its preparatory work , including at expert level . the commission , when preparing and drawing - up delegated acts , should ensure a simultaneous , timely and appropriate transmission of relevant documents to the european parliament and the council . ### in order to ensure uniform conditions for the implementation of article 20 of this regulation , implementing powers should be conferred on the commission . those powers should be exercised in accordance with regulation no 182 / 2011 of the european parliament and of the council of 16 february 2011 laying down the rules and general principles concerning mechanisms for control by member states of the commission ' s exercise of implementing powers1 . in order to establish harmonised reporting requirements to monitor greenhouse gas emissions and other information relevant to climate change policy , the power to adopt acts in accordance with article 290 of the treaty on the functioning of the european union should be delegated to the commission in respect of the revision of annex i of this regulation , member states ' reporting on lulucf and maritime transport , member states ' national systems , the expert review of member states ' inventory data , the detailed requirements on the content , structure , format and submission processes of member states ' reporting as well as the repeal and amendment of certain obligations pursuant to this regulation . it is of particular importance that the commission carry out consultations during its preparatory work , including at expert level . the commission , when preparing and drawing - up delegated acts , should ensure a simultaneous , timely and appropriate transmission of relevant documents to the european parliament and the council . ____ 1 oj l 55 , 28 . 2 . 2011 , p . 13 .


### reporting co2 emissions from maritime transport ### reporting climate - relevant information relating to maritime transport


### the union ' s and its member states ' low - carbon development strategies and any updates thereof in accordance with decision 1 / cp . 16 ; ### the union ' s and its member states ' quantified economy - wide emission reduction targets , low - carbon development strategies and any updates thereof in accordance with decision 1 / cp . 16 ;


### greenhouse gas emissions from marine vessels calling at member states’ seaports ; ### climate - relevant information relating to marine vessels calling at member states’ seaports ;


### member states , and the commission on behalf of the union , shall each devise and implement a low - carbon development strategy to contribute to : ### member states , and the commission on behalf of the union , shall each devise and implement a low - carbon development strategy to ensure :


### meeting the greenhouse gas emission reduction commitments of member states under decision no 406 / 2009 / ec and achieving long - term emission reductions and enhancements of removals by sinks in all sectors in line with the union’s objective to reduce emissions by 80 to 95% by 2050 compared to 1990 levels , in the context of necessary reductions , according to the ipcc , by developed countries as a group . ### that the greenhouse gas emission reduction commitments of member states under decision no 406 / 2009 / ec are met and long - term emission reductions and enhancements of removals by sinks are achieved in all sectors in line with the union’s objective to reduce emissions by 80 to 95% by 2050 compared to 1990 levels with a trajectory of at least 25 % in domestic reductions by 2020 , 40 % by 2030 and 60 % by 2040 , compared to 1990 levels , in the context of necessary reductions , according to the ipcc , by developed countries as a group .


### information on national policies and measures , and on implementation of union policies and measures that limit or reduce greenhouse gas emissions by sources or enhance removals by sinks , presented on a sectoral basis for each greenhouse gas referred to in annex i to this regulation . this information shall make cross references with applicable national or union policies , particularly those on air quality , and shall include : ### information on national policies and measures , and on implementation of union policies and measures that limit or reduce greenhouse gas emissions by sources , enhance removals by sinks , increase the share of energy from renewable sources , or reduce the gross final consumption of energy , presented on a sectoral basis for each greenhouse gas referred to in annex i to this regulation . this information shall make cross references with applicable national or union policies , particularly those on air quality , and shall include :


### estimates of the projected costs of policies and measures , as well as estimates , as appropriate , of the realised costs of policies and measures ; ### estimates of the projected costs and benefits of policies and measures , as well as estimates , as appropriate , of the realised costs and benefits of policies and measures ;


### quantitative information on financial flows based on the so - called ' rio markers for climate change mitigation - related aid and climate change adaptation - related aid ' introduced by the oecd development assistance group and methodological information concerning the implementation of the climate change rio markers methodology ; ### quantitative information on financial flows based on the so - called ' rio markers for climate change mitigation - related aid and climate change adaptation - related aid ' introduced by the oecd development assistance group and methodological information concerning the implementation of the climate change rio markers methodology , distinguishing financing for reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation - plus activities ;


### a detailed justification as mentioned in article 6 of decision no 406 / 2009 / ec ; ### the amount of credits used in accordance with and a detailed justification as required by article 6 of decision no 406 / 2009 / ec ;


### information referred to in point of article 6 of decision no 406 / 2009 / ec and information on how their purchasing policy enhances the achievement of an international agreement on climate change . ### information referred to in point of article 6 of decision no 406 / 2009 / ec and evidence of compliance with article 11b of 2003 / 87 / ec as regards hydroelectric power production project activities with a generating capacity exceeding 20 mw and information on how their purchasing policy enhances the achievement of an international agreement on climate change ;


### member states shall make available to the public the reports submitted to the commission pursuant to this article . ### member states shall make available to the public the reports submitted to the commission pursuant to this article . the commission shall make aggregate union information available to the public in an easily accessible form .


### the commission shall adopt an implementing act to determine the total sum of emissions for the relevant year arising from the corrected inventory data for each member state upon completion of the relevant annual review . ### the commission shall adopt implementing acts to determine the total sum of emissions for the relevant year arising from the corrected inventory data for each member state upon completion of the relevant annual review . those implementing acts shall be adopted in accordance with the examination procedure referred to in article 30 .


### the commission shall annually assess , based on the information reported in articles 7 , 8 , 11 and 15 to 18 of this regulation , and in consultation with the member states , the progress made by the union and its member states to meet the following , with a view to determining whether sufficient progress has been made : ### the commission shall annually assess , based on the information reported in articles 7 , 8 , 11 , 14 and 15 to 18 of this regulation , and in consultation with the member states , the progress made by the union and its member states to meet the following , with a view to determining whether sufficient progress has been made :


### the commission shall biennially assess aviation ' s overall impact on the global climate including through non - co2 emissions , such as from nitrogen oxides , and effects , such as cirrus cloud enhancement , based on the emission data provided by member states pursuant to article 7 of this regulation , and improve this quantification by reference to scientific advancements and air traffic data , as appropriate . ### the commission shall annually assess aviation ' s overall impact on the global climate including through non - co2 emissions , such as from nitrogen oxides , and effects , such as cirrus cloud enhancement , based on the emission data provided by member states pursuant to article 7 of this regulation , and improve this quantification through modelling and air traffic data . the commission shall regularly adapt the modelling , notably by reference to scientific progress .


### the commission shall submit a report summarising the conclusions of the assessments provided for in paragraphs 1 and 2 of this article to the european parliament and the council by 31 october of every year . ### the commission shall submit a report summarising the conclusions of the assessments provided for in paragraphs 1 and 2 of this article to the european parliament and the council by 31 october of every year . in the first report , and in forthcoming reports as appropriate , the commission shall analyse the implications for policies and measures of adopting a 20 - year time horizon for methane in respect of the union medium - term and long - term climate objectives .


### active farmer ### exclusion from direct payments


### member states may decide , before 1 august 2013 , to apply the basic payment scheme at regional level . in that case they shall define the regions in accordance with objective and non - discriminatory criteria such as their agronomic and economic characteristics and their regional agricultural potential , or their institutional or administrative structure . ### member states may decide , before 1 august 2013 , to apply the basic payment scheme at regional level . in that case they shall define the regions in accordance with objective and non - discriminatory criteria such as their agronomic , economic and environmental characteristics and their regional agricultural potential , or their institutional or administrative structure . in order to avoid significant differences in the regional allocation of payments , each payment scheme and underlying definition shall be subject to an environmental and socio - economic ex - ante impact assessment .