### it lays down the rules according to which member states shall make accessible the content of websites belonging to public sector bodies , the types of which are specified in the annex . ### it lays down the rules according to which member states shall make accessible the content of websites belonging to public sector bodies , including those which provide services of general interest .


### ‘ public sector body’ means the state , regional or local authorities , bodies governed by public law as defined in article 1 of directive 2004 / 18 / ec , and associations formed by one or several such authorities or one or several such bodies governed by public law . ### ' public sector body ' means the state , regional or local authorities , bodies governed by public law as defined in article 1 of directive 2004 / 18 / ec , and associations formed by one or several such authorities or one or several such bodies governed by public law and bodies providing services of general interest and / or general economic interest .


### in a consistent and adequate way for users ' perception , operation and understanding , including adaptability of content presentation and interaction , when necessary , providing an accessible electronic alternative ; ### in a consistent and adequate way for users ' perception , operation and understanding , including adaptability of content presentation and interaction ;


### in a way which facilitates interoperability with a variety of user agents and assistive technologies at union and international level . ### in a way which facilitates interoperability with a broad variety of user agents , devices and assistive technologies at union and international level .


### the commission shall be empowered to adopt delegated acts in accordance with article 8 , to specify further , where appropriate , the requirements for web - accessibility referred to in paragraph 1 . ### the commission shall be empowered to adopt delegated acts in accordance with article 8 , to specify further , where appropriate , the requirements for web - accessibility referred to in paragraph 1 , which shall go in line with principles of technology neutrality and facilitate the use and development of foss .


### member states shall report annually on the outcome of the monitoring carried out according to paragraph 4 including the measurement data and , where appropriate , the list of the websites referred to in article 1 . ### member states shall report annually on the outcome of the monitoring carried out according to paragraph 4 including the measurement data and , where appropriate , the list of the websites referred to in article 1 . those reports shall be made available to the public .


### the powers to adopt the delegated acts referred to in article 3 and 5 shall be conferred for an indeterminate period of time from the date of entry into force of this directive . ### the powers to adopt the delegated acts referred to in article 3 and 5 shall be conferred for a period of three years from the date of entry into force of this directive .


### the commission shall carry out a review of the application of this directive within three years from its entry into force . ### the commission shall carry out a review of the application of this directive within three years from its entry into force and shall make the findings of this review public .


### types of public sector bodies ' websites ### list of websites concerned


### the member state concerned shall adapt the proposed external - cost charge in order to be in conformity with the decision . the decision of the commission shall be made available to the committee referred to in article 9d . ### the member state concerned shall adapt the proposed external - cost charge in order to be in conformity with the decision . the decision of the commission shall be made available to the committee referred to in article 9d and to the european parliament .


### where economically feasible , member states shall levy and collect external - cost charges by means of an electronic system which complies with the requirements of article 2 of directive 2004 / 52 / ec . ### where economically feasible , member states shall levy and collect external - cost charges by means of an electronic system which complies with the requirements of article 2 of directive 2004 / 52 / ec . member states shall also cooperate to ensure that they use interoperable electronic systems which can be used on one another ' s territory , with the provision that , if necessary , the rates can be adjusted .


### where applicable , it shall also notify the commission of the exact time periods corresponding to the night period during which a higher external - cost charge may be imposed to reflect greater noise nuisances . ### where applicable , it shall also notify the commission of the exact time periods corresponding to the night period during which a higher external noise - cost charge may be imposed to reflect greater noise nuisances .


### solidarity among member states , clarity about the division of tasks , respect for fundamental rights and the rule of law as well as a strong focus on the global perspective and theinextricable link with external security should be key principles guiding the implementation of the internal security strategy . ### solidarity among member states , clarity about the division of tasks , respect for fundamental rights and the rule of law as well as a strong focus on the global perspective and full compliance with eu foreign policy objectives as laid down in article 21 teu should be key principles guiding the implementation of the internal security strategy .


### to ensure a uniform and high - quality external border control and to facilitate legitimate travel across external borders within the framework of the eu internal security strategy , the instrument should contribute to the development of a european common integrated border management system , which includes all the measures involving policy , legislation , systematic co - operation , the distribution of the burden , personnel , equipment and technology taken at different levels by the competent authorities of the member states , acting in co - operation with the frontex agency , with third - countries and , where necessary , with other actors , utilising , inter alia , the four - tier border security model and integrated risk analysis of the european union . ### to ensure a uniform and high - quality external border control and to organise and facilitate regular migration and mobility within the framework of the eu internal security strategy , the instrument should contribute to the development of a european common integrated border management system , which includes all the measures involving policy , legislation , systematic co - operation , the distribution of the burden , personnel , equipment and technology taken at different levels by the competent authorities of the member states , acting in co - operation with the frontex agency , with third - countries and , where necessary , with other actors , utilising , inter alia , the four - tier border security model and integrated risk analysis of the european union .


### it should include support for national measures and cooperation between member states in the area of visa policy and other pre - frontier activities that take place prior to external border controls . the efficient management of activities organised by the services of the member states in third countries is in the interest of the common visa policy as part of a multi - layered system aimed at facilitating legitimate travel and tackling irregular immigration into the european union , and constitutes an integral part of the common integrated border management system . ### it should include support for national measures and cooperation between member states in the area of visa policy and other pre - frontier activities that take place prior to external border controls , in particular those which organise and facilitate regular migration and mobility . the efficient management of activities organised by the services of the member states in third countries is in the interest of the common visa policy as part of a multi - layered system aimed at organising and facilitating regular migration and mobility and preventing irregular immigration into the european union , and constitutes an integral part of the common integrated border management system .


### moreover , in the interest of enhanced solidarity in the schengen area as a whole , where weaknesses or possible threats are identified , notably following a schengen evaluation , the member state concerned should follow the matter up adequately by using resources under its programmes by priority , where applicable , complementing emergency assistance measures . ### moreover , in the interest of enhanced solidarity in the schengen area as a whole , where weaknesses or possible risks are identified , notably following a schengen evaluation , the member state concerned should follow the matter up adequately by using resources under its programmes by priority , where applicable , complementing emergency assistance measures .


### in the same vein , the scope of the actions and the ceiling for resources which remain available to the union should be increased to enhance the capacity of the union to carry out in a given budget year multiple activities on the management of external borders and the common visa policy in the interest of the union as a whole , when and insofar as the needs arise . such union actions include studies and pilot projects to further the policy and its application , measures or arrangements in third countries addressing migratory pressures from those countries in the interest of an optimal management of migration flows into the union and an efficient organisation of the related tasks at external borders and consulates . ### in the same vein , the scope of the actions and the ceiling for resources which remain available to the union should be increased to enhance the capacity of the union to carry out in a given budget year multiple activities on the management of external borders and the common visa policy in the interest of the union as a whole , when and insofar as the needs arise . such union actions include studies and pilot projects to further the policy and its application , measures or arrangements in third countries organising and facilitating regular migration and mobility from those countries in the interest of an optimal management of migration flows into the union and an efficient organisation of the related tasks at external borders and consulates .


### measures in and in relation to third countries supported through this instrument should be taken in synergy and coherence with other actions outside the eu supported through union external assistance instruments , both geographic and thematic . in particular , in implementing such actions full coherence should be sought with the principles and general objectives of the union external action and foreign policy related to the country or region in question . they should not be intended to support actions directly development - oriented and they should complement , when appropriate , the financial assistance provided through external aid instruments . coherence will also be sought with the union humanitarian policy , in particular as regards the implementation of emergency measures . ### measures in and in relation to third countries supported through this instrument should comply with norms and standards at least equivalent to those set by union legislation , including when cooperation with third countries takes place on the territory of those countries . those measures should be taken in synergy and coherence with other actions outside the eu supported through union external assistance instruments , both geographic and thematic . in particular , in implementing such actions full coherence should be sought with the principles and general objectives of the union external action and foreign policy related to the country or region in question and the agreement of the relevant departments of the european external action service will be required . coherence will also be sought with the union humanitarian policy , in particular as regards the implementation of emergency measures .


### the general objective of the instrument shall be to contribute to ensuring a high level of security in the european union . ### the general objective of the instrument shall be to contribute to ensuring uniform and high - quality external border control while organising and facilitating regular migration and mobility in a secure environment in the european union , making sure that the union ' s commitment to fundamental freedoms and human rights is upheld .


### within the general objective set out in paragraph 1 , the instrument shall contribute - in line with the priorities identified in relevant eu strategies , programmes , threat and risk assessments - to the following specific objectives : ### within the general objective set out in paragraph 1 , the instrument shall contribute - in line with the priorities identified in relevant eu strategies , programmes and risk assessments - to the following specific objectives :


### supporting a common visa policy to facilitate legitimate travel , ensure equal treatment of third country nationals and tackle irregular migration ### supporting a common visa policy to organise and facilitate regular migration and mobility , provide a high quality of service to visa applicants , ensure equal treatment of third country nationals and prevent irregular migration


### the achievement of this objective shall be measured against indicators such as , inter alia , the number of consular posts equipped , secured and / or enhanced to ensure the efficient processing of visa applications and provide quality of service to visa applicants ### the achievement of this objective shall be measured against indicators such as , inter alia , the number of consular posts equipped , secured and / or enhanced to ensure the efficient processing of visa applications and the number of third country nationals obtaining visas related to the number of applicants .


### supporting borders management , to ensure , on one hand , a high level of protection of external borders and , on the other hand , the smooth crossing of the external borders in conformity with the schengen acquis ### supporting borders management , to ensure , on one hand , a high level of control of external borders and , on the other hand , the smooth crossing of the external borders in conformity with the schengen acquis


### the achievement of this objective shall be measured against indicators such as , inter alia , the development of equipment for border control and the apprehensions of irregular third - country nationals at the external border in correspondence with the risk of the relevant section of the external border . ### the achievement of this objective shall be measured against indicators such as , inter alia , the apprehensions of irregular third - country nationals at the external border in correspondence with the risk of the relevant section of the external border and the number of third - country nationals regularly crossing the same section of the external border .


### gradually establishing an integrated management system for external borders , including the reinforcement of interagency co - operation between migration and law enforcement authorities of member states at the external borders and measures within the territory and the necessary flanking measures related to document security and identity management ; ### gradually establishing an integrated management system for external borders , including the reinforcement of interagency co - operation between migration , asylum and law enforcement authorities of member states at the external borders and measures within the territory and the necessary flanking measures related to document security and identity management ;


### promoting the development and implementation of the common policy on visas and other short - stay residence permits , including consular co - operation ; ### promoting the development and implementation of the common policy on visas and other short - stay residence permits , including consular co - operation and consular coverage , making full use of the practical improvements and flexibility provided by the eu visa code ;


### setting up and running it systems , their communication infrastructure and equipment supporting the management of migration flows across the external borders of the union ; ### setting up and running it systems , their communication infrastructure and equipment that support the control of crossings at the external borders of the union and fully respect personal data protection legislation ;


### ensuring the efficient and uniform application of the union ' s acquis on borders and visa , including the functioning of the schengen evaluation and monitoring mechanism ; ### ensuring the efficient and uniform application of the union ' s acquis on borders , asylum and visa , including the functioning of the schengen evaluation and monitoring mechanism ;


### reinforcing the co - operation between member states operating in third countries as regards the flows of third - country nationals into the territory of member states , as well as the co - operation with third countries in this regard . ### reinforcing the co - operation between member states operating in third countries as regards the flows of third - country nationals into the territory of member states , as well as the co - operation with third countries in this regard , in full compliance with union foreign policy principles and subject to the agreement of the european external action service .


### infrastructures , buildings and operating equipment required for the processing of visa applications and consular co - operation ; ### infrastructures , buildings and operating equipment required for the processing of visa applications , consular co - operation and other actions aimed at improving the quality of service to visa applicants ;


### on the basis of the report , the commission shall determine which member states will receive an additional amount . those member states which have an increased threat level in comparison to the threat level established for the calculation made for the budget year 2013 under decision 574 / 2007 / ec will receive pro rata additional resources . ### on the basis of the report , and after informing the european parliament , the commission shall determine which member states will receive an additional amount . those member states which have an increased level of risk in comparison to the risks identified for the calculation made for the budget year 2013 under decision 574 / 2007 / ec will receive pro rata additional resources .


### external maritime borders shall mean the outer limit of the territorial sea of the member states as defined according to articles 4 to 16 of the united nations convention on the law of the sea . however , in cases where long range operations on a regular basis are required in order to prevent irregular migration / illegal entry , this shall be the outer limit of high threat areas . this shall be determined by taking into account the relevant data on these operations in 2014 - 2016 as provided by the member states in question . ### external maritime borders shall mean the outer limit of the territorial sea of the member states as defined according to articles 4 to 16 of the united nations convention on the law of the sea . however , where long range operations on a regular basis are required in the case of high risk , this can be the outer limit of the contiguous zone as defined according to article 33 of the united nations convention on the law of the sea . this shall be determined by taking into account the relevant data on these operations in 2014 - 2016 as provided by the member states in question .


### supporting and expanding the existing capacity at national level in the management of the external borders , bearing in mind inter alia new technology , developments and / or standards in relation to the management of migration flows ; ### supporting and expanding the existing capacity at national level in visa policy and in the management of the external borders ;


### supporting the further development of the management of migration flows by consular and other services of the member state in third countries , with a view to facilitating legitimate travel to and preventing irregular migration into the union ; ### supporting the further development of the management of migration flows by consular and other services of the member state in third countries in full compliance with union foreign policy , with a view to organising and facilitating regular migration and mobility and preventing irregular migration into the union ;


### ensuring the correct and uniform application of the union acquis on border control and visa in response to weaknesses identified at european level , as evinced in results established in the framework of the schengen evaluation mechanism ; ### ensuring the correct and uniform application of the union acquis on border control , asylum and visa in response to weaknesses identified at european level , as evinced in results established in the framework of the schengen evaluation mechanism ;


### increasing the capacity to face upcoming challenges including present and future threats and pressures at the external borders of the union , taking into account in particular the frontex risk analysis . ### increasing the capacity to face upcoming challenges at the external borders of the union , taking into account in particular the frontex risk analysis .


### compliance with the union acquis on borders and visa ; ### compliance with the union acquis on borders , asylum and visa ;


### to support the preparatory , monitoring , administrative and technical support , development of an evaluation mechanism , required to implement external borders and visa policies , including to implement schengen governance as determined by the schengen evaluation and monitoring mechanism as established by the regulation no &#8230 ; on the establishment of an evaluation and monitoring mechanism to verify the application of the schengen acquis and the schengen borders code ; ### to support the preparatory , monitoring , administrative and technical support for the development of an evaluation mechanism , required to implement external borders , asylum and visa policies &#8211 ; including with regard to compliance with human rights obligations and humanitarian law &#8211 ; including to implement schengen governance as determined by the schengen evaluation and monitoring mechanism as established by the regulation no . . . on the establishment of an evaluation and monitoring mechanism to verify the application of the schengen acquis and the schengen borders code ;


### to improve the knowledge and understanding of the situation prevailing in the member states through analysis , evaluation and close monitoring of policies ; ### to improve the knowledge and understanding of the situation prevailing in the member states and third countries through analysis , evaluation and close monitoring of policies ;


### to support particularly innovative projects developing new methods and / or technologies with a potential for transferability to other member states , especially projects aiming at testing and validating research projects ; ### to support particularly innovative projects , notably regarding regular migration and mobility , developing new methods and / or technologies with a potential for transferability to other member states , especially projects aiming at testing and validating research projects ;


### in updating these guidelines , the commission and the eib shall take into account relevant european parliament resolutions and council decisions and conclusions . the eeas shall also be consulted on policy issues , as appropriate . ### in updating these guidelines , the commission and the eib shall take into account relevant european parliament resolutions and council decisions and conclusions . the eeas shall also be consulted on policy issues , as appropriate . consultations at regional level , including with local civil society , shall also be part of the process .


### the commission should have the power to adopt delegated acts in accordance with article 290 of the treaty in order to supplement or amend certain non - essential elements of regulation no 834 / 2007 . the elements for which that power may be exercised should be defined , as well as the conditions to which that delegation is to be subject . ### in order to ensure the proper functioning of the regime established by regulation 834 / 2007 , the power to adopt acts in accordance with article 290 of the treaty on the functioning of the european union should be delegated to the commission in respect of supplementing or amending certain non - essential elements of that regulation . it is of particular importance that the commission carry out appropriate consultations during its preparatory work , including at expert level . the commission , when preparing and drawing up delegated acts , should ensure a simultaneous , timely and appropriate transmission of relevant documents to the european parliament and to the council .


### in order to guarantee a uniform application of regulation no 834 / 2007 in all member states , the commission should be empowered to adopt implementing acts in accordance with article 291 of the treaty . the commission should in particular be empowered to adopt implementing acts regarding the attribution of code numbers under the control regime , the indication of origin for the products and uniform rules on the exchange of information to be sent by member states , third countries , control authorities and control bodies or made available by the commission or the publication of that information , as well as for the recognition of third countries and control authorities and control bodies for the purposes of equivalence and compliance . save where explicitly provided otherwise , the commission should adopt those implementing acts in accordance with the provisions of [ regulation no xx / xxxx of the european parliament and the council on … ] . ### in order to ensure uniform conditions for the implementation of regulation no 834 / 2007 , implementing powers should be conferred on the commission , in particular regarding the attribution of code numbers under the control regime , the indication of origin for the products and uniform rules on the exchange of information to be sent by member states , third countries , control authorities and control bodies or made available by the commission or the publication of that information , as well as for the recognition of third countries and control authorities and control bodies for the purposes of equivalence and compliance . those powers should be exercised in accordance with regulation no 182 / 2011 of the european parliament and the council of 16 february 2011 laying down the rules and general principles concerning mechanisms for control by member states of the commission ' s exercise of implementing powers1 . _______________________________ 1 oj l 55 , 28 . 2 . 2011 , p . 13 .


### if necessary in cases of urgency , the commission may take that decision acting in accordance with the second paragraph of article 38g . in that case , the measures adopted shall be communicated forthwith to the members states and shall take effect immediately . ### on duly justified imperative grounds of urgency , the commission may adopt immediately applicable implementing acts in accordance with the procedure referred to in article 38g .


### in order to better take account of the expectations of consumers regarding the quality of organic products and to ensure the adequate application of rules by the authorities , bodies and operators concerned and the proper functioning of the single market and trade , the commission shall , by means of delegated acts , adopt specific rules , measures and conditions necessary for the application of this regulation , including the specific definitions related to its scope , subject to the objectives and principles laid down in title ii , for the following : ### in order to better take account of the expectations of consumers regarding the quality of organic products and to ensure the adequate application of rules by the authorities , bodies and operators concerned and the proper functioning of the single market and trade , the commission shall be empowered to adopt delegated acts in accordance with article 38d , concerning the adoption of specific rules , measures and conditions necessary for the application of this regulation , including the specific definitions related to its scope , subject to the objectives and principles laid down in title ii , for the following :


### the commission shall , by means of implementing acts , adopt the necessary provisions aiming at reaching a uniform application of this regulation in the union , in particular relating to the following : ### on duly justified grounds of urgency , the commission shall adopt , in accordance with the examination procedure referred to in article 38g , immediately applicable implementing acts relating to the withdrawal of the recognition of the control authorities and control bodies in cases of irregularities or infringements of the provisions set out in this regulation or to the withdrawal of the recognition of third countries whose system of production no longer complies with principles and production rules equivalent to those laid down in title ii , iii and iv and whose control measures are no longer of equivalent effectiveness to those laid down in title v . :


### the powers to adopt the delegated acts referred to in this regulation shall be conferred on the commission for an indeterminate period of time . 2 . as soon as it adopts a delegated act , the commission shall notify it simultaneously to the european parliament and to the council . 3 . the powers to adopt delegated acts are conferred on the commission subject to the conditions laid down in articles 38e and 38f . ' ### the power to adopt the delegated acts is conferred on the commission subject to the conditions laid down in this article . 2 . the delegation of power referred to in article 9 , article 11 , article 16 , points and of article 16 , article 21 , article 22 , article 23 , article 26 , point of article 27 , article 32 and article 33 and shall be conferred on the commission for a period of five years from . . . * . the commission shall draw up a report in respect of the delegation of power not later than nine months before the end of the five - year period . the delegation of power shall be tacitly extended for periods of an identical duration , unless the european parliament or the council opposes such extension not later than three months before the end of each period . 3 . the delegation of power may be revoked at any time by the european parliament or by the council . the decision of revocation shall put an end to the delegation of the powers specified in that decision . it shall take effect the day following the publication of the decision in the official journal of the european union or on a later date specified therein . it shall not affect the validity of any delegated acts already in force . 3a . as soon as it adopts a delegated act , the commission shall notify it simultaneously to the european parliament and to the council . 3b . a delegated act adopted pursuant to this regulation shall enter into force only if no objection has been expressed either by the parliament or the council within a period of two months of notification of that act to the european parliament and the council or if , before the expiry of that period , the european parliament and the council have both informed the commission that they will not object . that period shall be extended by two months at the initiative of the european parliament or the council . * date of entry into force of this regulation


### where implementing acts are adopted pursuant to this regulation , the commission shall be assisted by the committee on organic production and the procedure provided for in article [ 5 ] of regulation no [ xxxx / yyyy ] of the tfeu , currently the subject of discussion by the european parliament and the council ) shall apply . ' in the cases of urgency provided for in article 32 and article 33 and of this regulation , the procedure provided for in article [ 6 ] of regulation no [ xxxx / yyyy ] shall apply . ' ### the commission shall be assisted by the committee on organic production . that committee shall be a committee within the meaning of regulation 182 / 2011* . 2 . where reference is made to this paragraph , article 5 of regulation no 182 / 2011 shall apply . 2a . where reference is made to this paragraph , article 8 of regulation no 182 / 2011 , in conjunction with article 5 thereof , shall apply . ___________________ * oj l 55 , 28 . 2 . 2011 , p . 13 .


### moreover , eib financing operations should contribute to the general principles guiding the eu ' s external action , as referred to in article 21 of the treaty on the european union , of promoting and consolidating democracy and the rule of law , human rights and fundamental freedoms , and to the implementation of international environmental agreements to which the eu is a party . in relation to developing countries in particular , eib financing operations should foster : sustainable economic , social and environmental development of these countries , particularly in the most disadvantaged amongst them ; their smooth and gradual integration into the world economy ; the campaign against poverty ; as well as compliance with objectives approved by the eu in the context of the united nations and other competent international organisations . the eib should gradually build up appropriate means to adequately meet these requirements . ### more generally , eib financing operations should contribute to the general principles guiding the eu ' s external action , as referred to in article 21 of the treaty on the european union , of promoting and consolidating democracy and the rule of law , human rights and fundamental freedoms , and to the implementation of international environmental agreements to which the eu is a party . in relation to developing countries in particular , the underlying objective of the eib financing operations should be the reduction of poverty through fostering : sustainable economic , social and environmental development of these countries , particularly in the most disadvantaged amongst them ; their smooth and gradual integration into the world economy ; the campaign against poverty ; as well as compliance with objectives approved by the eu in the context of the united nations and other competent international organisations . in particular , the eib should gradually build up appropriate means to adequately meet these requirements in full consistency with the principles of the eu sustainable development strategy , the cotonou agreement and the european consensus on development and should reflect : the eu ' s commitment and obligations under the un framework convention on climate change , the un convention on biological diversity as well as the attainment of the un millennium development goals ; - eu ' s commitment and obligations under the un framework convention on climate change , the un convention on biological diversity as well as the attainment of the un millennium development goals ; and - social , labour and environmental standards as embodied in international agreements .


### under this decision , the eib should increase its development orientation in close coordination with the commission and following the principles of the european consensus on development . this should be implemented through a number of concrete measures , in particular by reinforcing its capacity to appraise social and development aspects of projects , including human rights and conflict related risks , and by promoting local consultation . moreover , it should increase its focus on sectors where it has sound expertise from financing operations within the eu and which will further the development of the country in question , such as environmental infrastructure including water and sanitation , sustainable transportation and climate change mitigation , particularly in renewable energy . the eib should also progressively strengthen its activity in support of health and education as well as of climate change adaptation , where appropriate working in cooperation with other international finance institutions and european bilateral finance institutions . this will require access to concessional resources and a progressive increase in human resources devoted to eib external activities . eib activity should also be complementary to eu objectives and priorities relating to institution building and sector reforms . finally , the eib should define performance indicators which are linked to development aspects of the projects and their results . ### under this decision , the eib should increase its development expertise in close coordination with the commission in order to apply the principles of the european consensus on development as well as the principles of aid effectiveness outlined in the paris declaration of 2005 and the acrra agenda for action of 2008 . this should be implemented through a number of concrete measures , in particular by reinforcing its capacity to appraise social , environmental and development aspects of projects , including human rights and conflict related risks , and by promoting local consultation which should be part of the eib ' s due diligence procedure prior to the approval of projects . moreover , it should increase its focus on sectors where it has sound expertise from financing operations within the eu and which will further the development of the country in question , such as environmental infrastructure including water and sanitation , sustainable transportation and climate change mitigation , particularly in renewable energy . the eib should also progressively strengthen its activity in support of health and education as well as of climate change adaptation , where appropriate working in cooperation with other international finance institutions and european bilateral finance institutions . this will require access to concessional resources and a progressive increase in human resources devoted to eib external activities . eib activity should also be complementary to eu objectives and priorities relating to institution building and sector reforms . finally , the eib should define performance indicators which are linked to development aspects of the projects and their results . compliance with the provisions of the aarhus convention on access to information , public participation in decision - making and access to justice in environmental matters should be ensured by the eib at the different relevant stages of the projects .


### the consistency of eib financing operations with the external policy objectives of the eu shall be monitored in accordance with article 10 . ### the consistency of eib financing operations with the external policy objectives of the eu shall be monitored in accordance with article 10 . the eib shall develop performance indicators in relation to development , environmental and human rights aspects of projects funded as well as with regard to the indicators under the paris declaration for aid effectiveness , in order to facilitate such monitoring .


### in addition to the ex - ante assessment of development - related aspects , the eib should strengthen its monitoring during project implementation , inter alia , on the development impact of the project . ### in addition to the ex - ante assessment of development - related aspects , the eib should carry out thorough monitoring during project implementation , inter alia , on the development , environmental and human rights impact of the project . the monitoring shall include the performance of financial intermediaries . the results of the monitoring shall be regularly disclosed to the public .


### with the aim of strengthening trade mark protection and combatting counterfeiting more effectively , the proprietor of a registered trade mark should be entitled to prevent third parties from bringing goods into the customs territory of the member state without being released for free circulation there , where such goods come from third countries and bear without authorization a trade mark which is essentially identical to the trade mark registered in respect of such goods . ### with the aim of strengthening the free exchange of goods and services , free competition , equality , consumer choice and the right of access of all to affordable medicines and other goods without over - paying to monopolistic providers , the members states should follow the doha declaration and similar texts which provide for those in need over those with the aims of greed .


### the proprietor of a registered trade mark shall also be entitled to prevent all third parties from bringing goods , in the context of commercial activity , into the customs territory of the member state where the trade mark is registered without being released for free circulation there , where such goods , including packaging , come from third countries and bear without authorization a trade mark which is identical to the trade mark registered in respect of such goods , or which cannot be distinguished in its essential aspects from that trade mark . ### the proprietor of a registered trade mark shall also be entitled to prevent all third parties from bringing goods , in the context of commercial activity , into the customs territory of the member state , if there is direct evidence of third party action to place the goods into the member state stream of commerce and where such goods , including packaging , come from third countries and bear without authorization a trade mark which has been properly registered as such within the member state .


### affixing in the course of trade a sign identical with or similar to the trade mark on get - up , packaging or other means on which the mark may be affixed ; ### affixing in the course of trade a sign identical with or similar to , as specified in article 5 paragraph 1 of this directive , the trade mark on get - up , packaging or other means on which the mark may be affixed


### the programme should help achieve the environment targets the union has already agreed . ### the programme should help achieve the environment targets the union has already agreed and identify policy areas where there is the need to set additional targets .


### the union has agreed to halt the loss of biodiversity and the degradation of ecosystem services in the eu by 2020 , restore them in so far as feasible , while stepping up the eu contribution to averting global biodiversity loss11 ; ### the union has agreed to halt the loss of biodiversity and the degradation of ecosystem services in the eu by 2020 , restore them in so far as feasible , while stepping up the eu contribution to averting global biodiversity loss11 , as well as to a long - term vision that by 2050 european union biodiversity and the ecosystem services it provides – its natural capital – are protected , valued and appropriately restored for biodiversity’s intrinsic value and for their essential contribution to human wellbeing and economic prosperity ;


### the full and even implementation of the environment acquis across the union is a sound investment for the environment and human health , and also for the economy . ### the full and even implementation of the environment acquis across the union is a treaty obligation as well as a sound investment for the environment and human health , and also for the economy .


### union environment policy should continue to draw on a sound evidence base . ### union environment policy should continue to draw on a sound knowledge and evidence base and be responsive to new scientific findings .


### as part of the follow - up to the 2012 united nations conference on sustainable development , the new general action programme should support international and regional processes aiming to transform the global economy into an inclusive green economy in the context of sustainable development and poverty reduction . ### the new general action programme should support the implementation of the commitments undertaken at the 2012 united nations conference on sustainable development , in the eu and at international level , aiming to transform the global economy into an inclusive green economy in the context of sustainable development and poverty reduction .


### to improve the evidence base for environment policy ; ### to improve the knowledge and evidence base for environment policy ;


### however , many environmental trends in the eu remain worrying , not least due to insufficient implementation of existing eu environment legislation . only 17 % of species and habitats assessed under the habitats directive are in good status , and the degradation and loss of natural capital is jeopardising efforts to attain the eu’s biodiversity and climate change objectives . this has high associated costs which have not yet been properly valued in our economic or social system . thirty per cent of the eu’s territory is highly fragmented , affecting the connectivity and health of ecosystems and their ability to provide services as well as viable habitats for species . while progress has been made in the eu to decouple growth from ghg emissions , resource use and environmental impacts , resource use is still largely unsustainable and inefficient , and waste is not yet properly managed . as a result , eu businesses are foregoing the significant opportunities that resource efficiency offers in terms of competitiveness , cost reductions , improved productivity and security of supply . water quality and air pollution levels are still problematic in many parts of europe , and eu citizens continue to be exposed to hazardous substances , potentially compromising their health and wellbeing . unsustainable land use is consuming fertile soils , with impacts on food security and the achievement of biodiversity targets . soil degradation continues largely unchecked . ### however , many environmental trends in the eu remain worrying , not least due to insufficient implementation of existing eu environment legislation . only 17 % of species and habitats assessed under the habitats directive are in good status , and the degradation and loss of natural capital is jeopardising efforts to attain the eu’s biodiversity and climate change objectives . this has high associated costs which have not yet been properly valued in our economic or social system . thirty per cent of the eu’s territory is highly fragmented , affecting the connectivity and health of ecosystems and their ability to provide services as well as viable habitats for species . while progress has been made in the eu to decouple growth from ghg emissions , resource use and environmental impacts , resource use is still largely unsustainable and inefficient , and waste is not yet properly managed . as a result , eu businesses are foregoing the significant opportunities that resource efficiency offers in terms of competitiveness , cost reductions , improved productivity and security of supply . water quality and air pollution levels are still problematic in many parts of europe , and eu citizens continue to be exposed to hazardous substances , compromising their health and wellbeing . unsustainable land use is consuming fertile soils , with impacts on global food security and the achievement of biodiversity targets . soil degradation continues largely unchecked and needs a common european legal framework .


### however , many environmental trends in the eu remain worrying , not least due to insufficient implementation of existing eu environment legislation . only 17 % of species and habitats assessed under the habitats directive are in good status , and the degradation and loss of natural capital is jeopardising efforts to attain the eu’s biodiversity and climate change objectives . this has high associated costs which have not yet been properly valued in our economic or social system . thirty per cent of the eu’s territory is highly fragmented , affecting the connectivity and health of ecosystems and their ability to provide services as well as viable habitats for species . while progress has been made in the eu to decouple growth from ghg emissions , resource use and environmental impacts , resource use is still largely unsustainable and inefficient , and waste is not yet properly managed . as a result , eu businesses are foregoing the significant opportunities that resource efficiency offers in terms of competitiveness , cost reductions , improved productivity and security of supply . water quality and air pollution levels are still problematic in many parts of europe , and eu citizens continue to be exposed to hazardous substances , potentially compromising their health and wellbeing . unsustainable land use is consuming fertile soils , with impacts on food security and the achievement of biodiversity targets . soil degradation continues largely unchecked . ### however , many environmental trends in the eu remain worrying , not least due to insufficient implementation of existing eu environment legislation . only 17 % of species and habitats assessed under the habitats directive are in good status , and the degradation and loss of natural capital is jeopardising efforts to attain the eu’s biodiversity and climate change objectives . this has high associated costs which have not yet been properly valued in our economic or social system . thirty per cent of the eu’s territory is highly fragmented , affecting the connectivity and health of ecosystems and their ability to provide services as well as viable habitats for species . marine habitats and species remain at risk of decline and extinction from a variety of human - induced threats within eu waters . while progress has been made in the eu to decouple growth from ghg emissions , resource use and environmental impacts , resource use is still largely unsustainable and inefficient , and waste is not yet properly managed . as a result , eu businesses are foregoing the significant opportunities that resource efficiency offers in terms of competitiveness , cost reductions , improved productivity and security of supply . water quality and air pollution levels are still problematic in many parts of europe , and eu citizens continue to be exposed to hazardous substances , potentially compromising their health and wellbeing . unsustainable land use is consuming fertile soils , with impacts on food security and the achievement of biodiversity targets . soil degradation continues largely unchecked .


### together with current wasteful production and consumption systems in the world economy , rising global demand for goods and services and depletion of resources is increasing the cost of essential raw materials , minerals and energy , generating more pollution and waste , increasing global ghg emissions and driving land degradation , deforestation and biodiversity loss . nearly two - thirds of the world’s ecosystems are in decline and there is evidence that planetary boundaries for biodiversity , climate change and the nitrogen cycle have already been transgressed . there is likely to be a global shortfall of 40 % in water by 2030 unless there is significant progress in improving resource efficiency . there is also the risk that climate change will further exacerbate these problems , with high costs . in 2011 , disasters partly due to climate change resulted in global economic losses of over 300 billion euros . the oecd has warned that the continued degradation and erosion of natural capital risks bringing about irreversible changes that could endanger two centuries of rising living standards and entail significant costs . ### together with current wasteful production and consumption systems in the world economy , rising global demand for goods and services and depletion of resources is increasing the cost of essential raw materials , minerals and energy , generating more pollution and waste , increasing global ghg emissions and driving land degradation , deforestation and biodiversity loss . nearly two - thirds of the world’s ecosystems are in decline and there is evidence that planetary boundaries for biodiversity , climate change and the nitrogen cycle have already been transgressed . there is likely to be a global shortfall of 40 % in water by 2030 unless there is significant progress in improving resource efficiency . there is also the risk that climate change will further exacerbate these problems , with high costs 1 . in 2011 , disasters partly due to climate change resulted in global economic losses of over 300 billion euros . the oecd has warned that the continued degradation and erosion of natural capital risks bringing about irreversible changes that could endanger two centuries of rising living standards and entail significant costs . __________________ 1 according to the stern review on the economics of climate change , without action , the overall costs of climate change will be equivalent to losing at least 5% of global gross domestic product each year . including a wider range of risks and impacts , this figure could increase this to 20% of gdp .


### the following 2050 vision is intended to help guide action up to and beyond 2020 : in 2050 , we live well , within the planet’s ecological limits . our prosperity and healthy environment stem from an innovative , circular economy where nothing is wasted and where natural resources are managed in ways that enhance our society’s resilience . our low carbon growth has long been decoupled from resource use , setting the pace for a global sustainable economy . ### the following 2050 vision is intended to help guide action up to and beyond 2020 : in 2050 , we live well , within the planet’s ecological limits . our prosperity and healthy environment stem from an innovative , circular economy where nothing is wasted and where natural resources are managed in ways that enhance our society’s resilience . our low carbon growth has long been decoupled from resource use , setting the pace for a global sustainable economy . environmental justice is delivered inside and outside the eu . all people have equal access to environmental benefits . burdens due to environmental degradation are shared in a fair manner .


### the eu has signed up to many internationally - agreed environmental commitments , including those made at the united nations conference on sustainable development where it marked its support for the inclusive green economy as a central part of a broader strategy for sustainable development . ### the eu has signed up to many legally binding commitments under multilateral environmental agreements as well to politically binding environmental commitments , including those agreed at the united nations conference on sustainable development . the rio + 20 outcome document recognises the inclusive green economy as an important tool for achieving sustainable development and sets out a framework for action covering all three dimensions of sustainable development , many of which are reflected in the priority objectives of this programme . it further agreed to elaborate sustainable development goals , to strengthen the institutional framework and develop a financing strategy for sustainable development . the eu and its member states must now ensure that those commitments are implemented both at home through its internal policies , as well as globally through contributions to international action .


### this programme complements these efforts by defining priority objectives for the eu to attain over the period up to 2020 . ### this programme complements these efforts by defining priority objectives for the eu to attain over the period up to 2020 and indicative pathways towards 2050 . it shall ensure implementation , encourage domestic action and help a range of actors making cost effective investment choices .


### the eu’s economic prosperity and well - being is underpinned by its natural capital , which includes ecosystems that provide essential goods and services , from fertile soil and multi - functional forests to productive land and seas , from fresh water and clean air to pollination , flood control and climate regulation and protection against natural disasters . a substantial body of eu legislation seeks to protect , conserve and enhance natural capital , including the water framework directive , the marine strategy framework directive , the air quality and related directives and the habitats and birds directives . legislation to tackle climate change , chemicals , industrial emissions and waste also contribute to easing the pressures on biodiversity , including ecosystems , species and habitats . ### the eu’s economic prosperity and well - being is underpinned by its natural capital , i . e . its biodiversity , including ecosystems that provide essential goods and services , from fertile soil and multi - functional forests to productive land and seas , from fresh water and clean air to pollination , flood control and climate regulation and protection against natural disasters . a substantial body of eu legislation seeks to protect , conserve and enhance natural capital , including the water framework directive , the urban wastewater directive1 , the nitrates directive2 , the marine strategy framework directive , the air quality and related directives and the habitats and birds directives . legislation to tackle climate change , chemicals , industrial emissions and waste also contribute to easing the pressures on biodiversity , including ecosystems , soil and species and habitats . __________________ 1 directive 91 / 271 / eec . 2 directive 91 / 676 / eec .


### however , recent assessments show that biodiversity in the eu is still being lost and that most ecosystems are seriously degraded . the eu biodiversity strategy to 2020 sets out targets and actions needed to reverse these negative trends and to enhance ecosystem services . it must be implemented in full to enable the eu to meet its biodiversity headline target for 2020 . whereas the strategy includes built - in measures to improve the implementation of the birds and habitats directives , including the natura 2000 network , reaching the headline target will require the full implementation of all existing legislation aimed at protecting natural capital . ### however , recent assessments show that biodiversity in the eu is still being lost and that most ecosystems are seriously degraded . the eu biodiversity strategy to 2020 sets out targets and actions needed to halt the loss of biodiversity and to maintain , restore and enhance ecosystems and their services . it must be implemented in full to enable the eu to meet its biodiversity headline target for 2020 . whereas the strategy includes built - in measures to improve the implementation of the birds and habitats directives , including the natura 2000 network , reaching the headline target will require the full implementation of all existing legislation aimed at protecting natural capital .


### despite considerable efforts to date , the requirement under the wfd to achieve ‘ good ecological status’ by 2015 is likely to be met only for some 53 % of surface water bodies in the eu . there is also a risk that the marine strategy framework directive target to achieve ‘ good environmental status’ by 2020 may be missed , inter alia due to continued overfishing and the presence of marine litter in europe’s seas . and while eu air and industrial emissions policies have helped to reduce many forms of pollution , ecosystems continue to suffer from excess nitrogen deposition and ozone pollution associated with emissions from transport , intensive agriculture and power generation . ### despite considerable efforts to date , the requirement under the wfd to achieve ‘ good ecological status’ by 2015 is likely to be met only for some 53 % of surface water bodies in the eu . there is also a risk that the marine strategy framework directive target to achieve ‘ good environmental status’ by 2020 may be missed , inter alia due to continued overfishing and the presence of marine litter in europe’s seas . and while eu air and industrial emissions policies have helped to reduce many forms of pollution , ecosystems continue to suffer from excess nitrogen and sulphur deposition and ozone pollution associated with emissions from transport , intensive agriculture and power generation .


### protecting , conserving and enhancing the eu’s natural capital therefore also requires tackling problems at source through , inter alia , better integration of natural capital objectives into other policies , ensuring that policies are coherent and deliver co - benefits . the greening elements set out in the commission’s reform proposals , notably for eu agriculture , fisheries and cohesion policy , backed by the proposals for greening the eu budget under the multi - annual financial framework 2014 - 2020 are designed to support these objectives . for instance , aquatic ecosystems in rural areas should benefit from the linking of farm payments to compliance with relevant requirements of the wfd as set out in the commission’s proposals for the reform of the cap . greening of the cap will also promote the environmentally beneficial agricultural practices of crop diversification , the protection of permanent grassland , and the establishment and maintenance of ecologically valuable farmland and forest areas . ### protecting , conserving and enhancing the eu’s natural capital therefore also requires tackling problems at source through , inter alia , better integration of natural capital objectives into the development and implementation of other policies , ensuring that policies are coherent and deliver co - benefits . the greening elements set out in the commission’s reform proposals , notably for eu agriculture , fisheries and cohesion policy , backed by the proposals for greening the eu budget under the multi - annual financial framework 2014 - 2020 are designed to support these objectives . for instance , aquatic ecosystems in rural areas should benefit from the linking of farm payments to compliance with relevant requirements of the wfd as set out in the commission’s proposals for the reform of the cap . greening of the cap will also promote the environmentally beneficial agricultural practices of crop diversification , the protection of permanent grassland , and the establishment and maintenance of ecologically valuable farmland and forest areas .


### ecosystem - based approaches to climate change mitigation and adaptation which also benefit biodiversity and the provision of other ecosystem services should be used more extensively as part of the eu’s climate change policy , while other environmental objectives such as biodiversity conservation and water protection should be fully taken into account in decisions relating to renewable energy . finally , measures to address transport - related air pollution and co2 emissions will need to be rolled out41 . ### ecosystem - based approaches to climate change mitigation and adaptation which also benefit biodiversity and the provision of other ecosystem services should be used more extensively as part of the eu’s climate change policy , while other environmental objectives such as biodiversity conservation and soil and water protection should be fully taken into account in decisions relating to renewable energy . finally , measures to address transport - related air pollution and co2 emissions will need to be rolled out41 .


### the degradation , fragmentation and unsustainable use of land in the eu is jeopardising the provision of several key ecosystem services , threatening biodiversity and increasing europe’s vulnerability to climate change and natural disasters . it is also driving soil degradation . more than 25% of the eu’s territory is affected by soil erosion by water , which compromises soil functions and affects the quality of freshwater . soil contamination and sealing are also persistent problems . more than half a million sites across the eu are thought to be contaminated and until they are identified and assessed , they continue to pose potentially serious environmental and health risks . every year more than 1 000 km² of land are taken for housing , industry , transport or recreational purposes . these long - term changes are difficult or costly to reverse , and nearly always involve trade - offs between various social , economic and environmental needs . member states’ planning decisions relating to land use should be made more sustainable . ### the degradation , fragmentation and unsustainable use of land in and outside the eu is jeopardising the provision of several key ecosystem services , threatening biodiversity and increasing europe’s vulnerability to climate change and natural disasters . it is also driving soil degradation and desertification . more than 25% of the eu’s territory is affected by soil erosion by water , which compromises soil functions and affects the quality of freshwater . soil contamination and sealing are also persistent problems . more than half a million sites across the eu are thought to be contaminated and until they are identified and assessed , they continue to pose potentially serious environmental and health risks . every year more than 1 000 km² of land are taken for housing , industry , transport or recreational purposes . these long - term changes are difficult or costly to reverse , and nearly always involve trade - offs between various social , economic and environmental needs . member states’ planning decisions relating to land use should be made more sustainable with a view to the objective of no net land take by 2050 .


### action taken under the biodiversity strategy to restore 15 % of degraded ecosystems in the eu and to expand the use of green infrastructure will help to overcome land fragmentation . it will further enhance natural capital and increase ecosystem resilience , and can offer cost - effective options for climate change mitigation and adaptation and disaster risk management . meanwhile , member states ' efforts to map and assess ecosystems and their services , and the ‘ no net loss’ initiative planned in 2015 will contribute to maintaining the stock of natural capital at a variety of scales . the integration of the economic value of ecosystem services into accounting and reporting systems at eu and national level by 2020 will result in better management of the eu ' s natural capital . ### action taken under the biodiversity strategy to restore 15 % of degraded ecosystems in the eu by 2020 ; regarding this as a minimum , however , and wishes the eu to set a considerably higher restoration target reflecting its own more ambitious headline target and its 2050 vision ; and to expand the use of green infrastructure will help to overcome land fragmentation . as an addition to the full implementation of the birds and habitats directives these actions will further contribute to establishing and maintaining healthy and resilient ecosystems and enhancing their services . it will further enhance natural capital and increase ecosystem resilience , and can offer cost - effective options for climate change mitigation and adaptation and disaster risk management . meanwhile , member states ' efforts to map and assess ecosystems and their services , and the ‘ no net loss’ initiative planned in 2015 will contribute to maintaining the stock of natural capital . the integration of the economic value of ecosystem services into accounting and reporting systems at eu and national level by 2020 will result in better management of the eu ' s natural capital .


### the impacts of air pollution on ecosystems and biodiversity are further reduced . ### the impacts of air pollution on ecosystems and biodiversity are significantly reduced to achieve the long term objective of not exceeding critical loads and levels .


### the europe 2020 strategy ' s ‘ resource - efficient europe’ flagship initiative aims to support the shift towards an economy that is efficient in the way it uses all resources , decouples absolutely economic growth from resource and energy use and its environmental impacts , reduces ghg emissions , enhances competitiveness through efficiency and innovation and promotes greater energy security . the roadmap to resource efficient europe and the roadmap for moving to a competitive low - carbon economy are key building blocks of the initiative , setting out the framework for future actions to deliver on these objectives . ### the europe 2020 strategy ' s ‘ resource - efficient europe’ flagship initiative aims to support the shift towards an economy that is efficient in the way it uses all resources , reduces the overall resource extraction and use , decouples absolutely economic growth from resource and energy use and its environmental impacts , reduces ghg emissions , enhances competitiveness through efficiency and innovation and promotes greater energy and resource security . the roadmap to a resource efficient europe and the roadmap for moving to a competitive low - carbon economy are key building blocks of the initiative , setting out the framework for future actions to deliver on these objectives .


### innovation to improve resource efficiency is required across the economy to improve competitiveness in the context of rising resource prices , scarcity and supply constraints . the business sector is the prime driver of innovation , including eco - innovation . however , markets will not deliver on their own . government action , at union and member state level , is essential to provide the right framework conditions for eco - innovation , stimulating the development of sustainable business or technological solutions to environmental challenges . ### innovation to improve resource efficiency and reduce the overall resource use is required across the economy to improve competitiveness in the context of rising resource prices , import dependency , scarcity and supply constraints . as a contribution to secure raw materials supply , innovation partnerships between the industry and waste management sector as well as research for the recyclability of important technology raw materials need to be reinforced . the business sector , in response to regulatory signals coming from ambitious environmental legislation , is the prime driver of innovation , including eco - innovation . however , markets will not deliver on their own . government action , at union and member state level , is essential to provide the right legal framework conditions for investments and eco - innovation , stimulating the development of sustainable business or technological solutions to environmental challenges .


### fully implementing the eu climate and energy package is essential to reach the milestones identified for 2020 and for building a competitive , low - carbon economy by 2050 . whereas the eu is currently on track to reduce domestic ghg emissions 20 % below 1990 levels by 2020 , meeting the 20 % energy efficiency target will require far more rapid efficiency improvements . this is also important in the light of still - growing demand for energy and the on - going debate on conflicts between land use for food and for bio - energy . the new energy efficiency directive is expected to make a significant contribution in this regard . ### fully implementing the eu climate and energy package is essential to reach the three targets set for 2020 and for building a competitive , sustainable , low - carbon economy based on a high renewable energy supply by 2050 . whereas the eu is currently on track to reduce domestic ghg emissions 20 % below 1990 levels by 2020 and might be able to achieve even more , meeting the 20 % energy efficiency target will require far more rapid efficiency improvements at all scales . this is also important in the light of still - growing demand for energy and the increasing competition for land for food and energy purposes . it is therefore important to ensure that biomass used for energy is limited in volume to what can be sustainably supplied respecting the ' cascading use ' principle . whereas the new energy efficiency directive is expected to make a significant contribution in this regard , it should be complemented by setting requirements for the energy use of all energy related products entering the eu market .


### all sectors of the economy will need to contribute to reducing ghg emissions for the eu to deliver its fair share of global efforts . the eu needs to agree the next steps for its climate and energy framework beyond 2020 in order to prepare itself for international negotiations on a new legally binding agreement , but also to provide member states and industry with a clear framework to make the medium - term investments needed . hence the eu needs to consider policy options for delivering the reductions set out in the low - carbon economy roadmap for the period beyond 2020 . the 2050 energy roadmap and the white paper on transport need to be underpinned by strong policy frameworks . moreover , member states need to develop and put in place long - term , cost - effective low - carbon development strategies aimed at achieving the eu objective of reducing ghg emissions by 80% to 95% by mid - century , compared to 1990 , as part of a global effort to limit average temperature increase to below 2°c . the eu emissions trading system will continue to be a central pillar of eu climate policy beyond 2020 . ### all sectors of the economy will need to contribute to reducing ghg emissions for the eu to deliver on its commitments and reach the objective of reducing ghg emissions by 80 - 95% by 2050 . the eu urgently needs to agree the next steps towards a new climate and energy framework beyond 2020 with three legally binding targets for emission reduction , energy efficiency and renewable energy in order to prepare itself for an active engagement in international negotiations on a new legally binding agreement by 2015 , but also to provide member states and industry with a clear legal framework to make the medium - and long - term investments needed . hence the eu needs to consider policy options for delivering the reductions set out in the low - carbon economy roadmap for the period beyond 2020 in line with the proposed milestones and latest science . the 2050 energy roadmap and the white paper on transport need to be underpinned by strong policy frameworks , milestones and targets for the years 2030 , 2040 and 2050 . moreover , member states need to develop and put in place long - term , cost - effective low - carbon development strategies aimed at achieving the eu objective of decarbonization by mid - century , compared to 1990 , as part of a global effort to limit average temperature increase to below 2°c . the eu emissions trading system will continue to be a central pillar of eu climate policy beyond 2020 and needs to be structurally reformed to incentivise investments in low - carbon and sustainable technologies . in order to fulfil its international commitments , the eu needs to substantially supported developing countries in their efforts to mitigate climate change through capacity - building , financial aid and technology transfer .


### measures will also be taken to further improve the environmental performance of goods and services on the eu market over their whole life cycle through measures to increase the supply of environmentally sustainable products and stimulate a significant shift in consumer demand for these products . this will be achieved using a balanced mix of incentives for consumers and businesses , including smes , market - based instruments and regulations to reduce the environmental impacts of their operations and products . existing product legislation such as the ecodesign and energy label directives and the ecolabel regulation will be reviewed with a view to improving the environmental performance and resource efficiency of products throughout their lifecycle , thus ensuring a more coherent framework for sustainable production and consumption in the eu . ### some existing policy instruments relating to production and consumption are limited in scope . there is a need for a framework that gives appropriate signals to producers and consumers to promote resource efficiency and the circular economy . measures will be taken to further improve the environmental performance of goods and services on the eu market over their whole life cycle through measures to increase the supply of environmentally sustainable products and stimulate a significant shift in consumer demand for these products . this will be achieved using a balanced mix of incentives for consumers and businesses , including smes , market - based instruments and regulations to reduce the environmental impacts of their operations and products . consumers should receive accurate and reliable information about the products they purchase , including in relation to environmental claims . resource efficient business models such as product service systems , including leasing of products should also be supported . existing product legislation such as the ecodesign and energy label directives and the ecolabel regulation will be reviewed with a view to improving the environmental performance and resource efficiency of products throughout their lifecycle , and addressing existing provisions through a more coherent legislative framework for sustainable production and consumption in the eu . this legislative framework supported by lifecycle indicators would address the fragmentation and scope limitations of the existing sustainable consumption and production acquis , and identify and fill gaps in policy , incentives and legislation to ensure minimum requirements for environmental performance of products .


### measures will also be taken to further improve the environmental performance of goods and services on the eu market over their whole life cycle through measures to increase the supply of environmentally sustainable products and stimulate a significant shift in consumer demand for these products . this will be achieved using a balanced mix of incentives for consumers and businesses , including smes , market - based instruments and regulations to reduce the environmental impacts of their operations and products . existing product legislation such as the ecodesign and energy label directives and the ecolabel regulation will be reviewed with a view to improving the environmental performance and resource efficiency of products throughout their lifecycle , thus ensuring a more coherent framework for sustainable production and consumption in the eu . ### measures will also be taken and targets shall be set to further improve the environmental performance of goods and services on the eu market over their whole life cycle through measures to increase the supply of environmentally sustainable products and stimulate a significant shift in consumer demand for these products . this will be achieved using a balanced mix of incentives for consumers and businesses , including smes , market - based instruments and regulations to reduce the environmental impacts of their operations and products . existing product legislation such as the ecodesign and energy label directives and the ecolabel regulation will be reviewed with a view to improving the environmental performance and resource efficiency of products throughout their lifecycle , thus ensuring a more coherent framework for sustainable production and consumption in the eu and the move towards a restorative , circular economy . producer liability will be strengthened by extending warranty periods for specific product groups . in order to provide comparative and reliable information to consumers and end users , a standardized methodology should be required for the labelling of products .


### since 80% of all product - related environmental impacts are locked in during their design phase , the eu policy framework should ensure that priority products placed on the eu market are ‘ eco - designed’ with a view to optimising resource and material efficiency , by addressing inter alia recyclability , recycled content and durability . these requirements will have to be implementable and enforceable . efforts will be stepped up at eu and national level to remove barriers to eco - innovation and to unlock the full potential of europe ' s eco - industries , generating benefits for green jobs and growth . ### since 80% of all product - related environmental impacts are locked in during their design phase , the eu policy framework should ensure that priority products placed on the eu market are ‘ eco - designed’ with a view to optimising resource and material efficiency , by addressing inter alia durability , repairability , reusability , recyclability , use of recycled content and disassembly . in the long - term , products and their parts shall be sustainably sourced , designed to be reusable or fully recyclable . these requirements will have to be implementable and enforceable . efforts will be stepped up at eu and national level to remove barriers to eco - innovation , to increase consumer information as well as awareness and to unlock the full potential of europe ' s eco - industries , generating benefits for green jobs and growth .


### to set a framework for action to improve resource efficiency aspects beyond ghg emissions and energy , targets for reducing the overall environmental impact of consumption will be set , in particular in the food , housing and mobility sectors . taken together , these are responsible for almost 80 % of the environmental impacts of consumption . the rio + 20 outcome recognised the need to significantly reduce post - harvest and other food losses and waste throughout the food supply chain . ### to set a framework for action to improve resource efficiency aspects beyond ghg emissions and energy , the measurement and targets for land footprint , water footprint , material footprint as well as carbon footprint need to be adopted by 2015 . at least one of these indicators should be part of the european semester by 2015 . in addition , targets for reducing the overall environmental impact of consumption will be set , in particular in the food , housing and mobility sectors . taken together , these are responsible for almost 80 % of the environmental impacts of consumption . the rio + 20 outcome recognised the need to significantly reduce post - harvest and other food losses and waste throughout the food supply chain .


### turning waste into a resource , as called for in the resource efficiency roadmap , requires the full implementation of eu waste legislation across the eu , based on strict application of the waste hierarchy and covering different types of waste . additional efforts are needed to : reduce per capita waste generation in absolute terms , limit energy recovery to non - recyclable materials , phase out landfilling , ensure high quality recycling , and develop markets for secondary raw materials . hazardous waste will need to be managed so as to minimise significant adverse effects on human health and the environment , as agreed at the rio + 20 summit . to achieve this , market - based instruments that privilege prevention , recycling and re - use should be applied much more systematically across the eu . barriers facing recycling activities in the eu internal market should be removed and existing prevention , re - use , recycling , recovery and landfill diversion targets reviewed so as to move towards a ‘ circular’ economy , with a cascading use of resources and residual waste close to zero . ### turning waste into a resource , by achieving near zero residual waste by 2020 , as called for in the resource efficiency roadmap , requires the full implementation and strengthening of eu waste legislation across the eu , based on strict application of the waste hierarchy and covering different types of waste . additional efforts , including prevention , are needed to achieve a significant reduction of waste per capita per annum in absolute terms , limit energy recovery to non - recyclable and non - compostable materials , phase out landfilling , except for certain hazardous waste where landfilling would represent the safest disposal method , promote reuse , ensure high quality recycling and non - toxic material cycles , and develop markets for secondary raw materials . hazardous waste will need to be managed so as to minimise significant adverse effects on human health and the environment , as agreed at the rio + 20 summit . to achieve this , market - based instruments that privilege prevention , recycling and re - use should be applied much more systematically across the eu . thereby not spending any more public money on landfill infrastructure in the next multi - annual financial framework . barriers facing recycling activities in the eu internal market should be removed and existing prevention , re - use , recycling , recovery and landfill diversion targets reviewed so as to move towards a ‘ circular’ economy , with a cascading use of resources and residual waste close to zero .


### a long - term and predictable policy framework in all these areas will help to stimulate the level of investments and action needed to fully develop markets for greener technologies and promote sustainable business solutions . resource efficiency indicators and targets are needed to provide the necessary guidance for public and private decision - makers in transforming the economy . they will become an integral part of this programme once agreed at union level . ### a long - term and predictable policy framework in all these areas will help to stimulate the level of investments and action needed to fully develop markets for greener technologies and promote sustainable business solutions . resource efficiency indicators and targets for the water footprint , land footprint , material footprint and carbon footprint are needed by 2015 to provide the necessary guidance for public and private decision - makers in transforming the economy . they will become an integral part of this programme once agreed at union level .


### the eu has met its 2020 climate and energy targets and is working towards reducing ghg emissions by 80 - 95% by 2050 compared to 1990 , as part of a global effort to limit the average temperature increase below 2&#176 ; c . ### the eu has met its 2020 climate and energy targets and is working towards reducing ghg emissions by 80 - 95% by 2050 compared to 1990 , as part of a global effort to limit the average temperature increase below 2&#176 ; c . the climate and energy targets for 2030 and further milestones for energy efficiency and renewable energy have been agreed .


### the overall environmental impact of eu industry in all major industrial sectors is significantly reduced , and resource efficiency increased . ### the overall environmental impact of eu industry in all major industrial sectors is significantly reduced , resource efficiency has increased due to market and policy incentives that reward best practices by business . resource efficiency throughout the production chain and lifecycle of a product can be measured and benchmarked .


### the overall environmental impact of production and consumption is reduced , in particular in the food , housing and mobility sectors . ### structural changes in production , technology and innovation , as well as consumption patterns and lifestyles have reduced the overall environmental impact of production and consumption is reduced , in particular in the food , housing and mobility sectors .


### waste is safely managed as a resource , waste generated per capita is in absolute decline , energy recovery is limited to non - recyclable materials and landfilling of recyclable and compostable materials is effectively eradicated . ### waste is prevented and safely managed as a resource , waste generated per capita is in absolute decline , energy recovery is limited to non - compostable and non - recyclable materials and landfilling of recyclable and compostable materials is effectively eradicated .


### generalising the application of ‘ best available techniques’ and enhancing efforts to promote the uptake of emerging innovative technologies , processes and services . ### generalising the application of ‘ best available techniques’ in the context of the industrial emissions directive and enhancing efforts to promote the uptake of emerging innovative technologies , processes and services .


### fully implementing eu waste legislation . this will include applying the waste hierarchy and the effective use of market - based instruments and measures to ensure that landfilling is effectively phased out , energy recovery is limited to non - recyclable materials , recycled waste is used as a major , reliable source of raw material for the eu , hazardous waste is safely managed and its generation is reduced , illegal waste shipments are eradicated and internal market barriers for environmentally - sound recycling activities in the eu are removed . ### fully implementing eu waste legislation and achieving near zero waste by 2020 . this will include applying the waste hierarchy and the effective use of market - based instruments and measures to reduce the generation of waste , to promote reuse , to ensure high quality recycling and non - toxic material cycles so that waste can be used as a major , reliable source of raw material for the eu , there is a high - quality source segregation system in place , energy recovery is limited to non - recyclable and non - compostable materials , landfilling is effectively phased out , except for certain hazardous waste where landfilling would represent the safest disposal method , and the generation of hazardous waste is significantly reduced and otherwise safely managed . illegal waste shipments are eradicated and internal market barriers for environmentally - sound recycling activities in the eu are removed . it will require the systematic setting of ambitious recycling , re - use and prevention targets in all eu waste policies .


### horizontal chemicals legislation provides baseline protection for human health and the environment and promotes the uptake of evolving non - animal testing methods . however , there is still uncertainty about the impacts on human health and the environment from the combined effects of different chemicals , nanomaterials , chemicals that interfere with the endocrine system and chemicals in products . in recent years , more information has come to light on the need for action to deal with these challenges , especially if the eu is to attain the goal agreed at the world summit on sustainable development in 2002 , and reaffirmed at the rio + 20 summit , to have ensured ‘ the minimisation of significant adverse effects’ of chemicals on human health and the environment by 2020 and to respond to new and emerging issues and challenges in an effective , efficient , coherent and coordinated manner . the eu will further develop and implement approaches to address combination effects of chemicals and safety concerns related to endocrine disruptors and set out a comprehensive approach for minimising adverse effects of hazardous substances , including chemicals in products , supported by a comprehensive chemical exposure and toxicity knowledge base . the safety and sustainable management of nanomaterials will be ensured as part of a comprehensive approach involving risk assessment and management , information and monitoring . together these approaches will increase the chemical knowledge base and provide a predictable framework driving the development of more sustainable solutions . ### horizontal chemicals legislation provides baseline protection for human health and the environment and promotes the uptake of evolving non - animal testing methods . however , there is still significant concern about the impacts on human health and the environment from the combined effects of different chemicals , nanomaterials , chemicals that interfere with the endocrine system and chemicals in products . in recent years , more information has come to light on the need for action to deal with these challenges , especially if the eu is to attain the goal agreed at the world summit on sustainable development in 2002 , and reaffirmed at the rio + 20 summit , to have ensured ‘ the minimisation of significant adverse effects’ of chemicals on human health and the environment by 2020 and to respond to new and emerging issues and challenges in an effective , efficient , coherent and coordinated manner . the eu will further develop and implement approaches to address combination effects of chemicals and safety concerns related to endocrine disruptors and set out a comprehensive approach for minimising adverse effects of and exposure to hazardous substances across all relevant eu legislation , including chemicals in products , supported by a comprehensive chemical exposure and toxicity knowledge base , including knowledge with regards to vulnerable groups . the safety and sustainable management of nanomaterials and other advanced materials will be ensured as part of a comprehensive proactive approach that specifically addresses nanomaterials in all relevant legislation involving a case - by - case approach to risk assessment and management , comprehensive information about actual uses and monitoring . together these approaches will increase the chemical knowledge base and provide a predictable framework driving the development of more sustainable solutions .


### noise pollution in the eu has significantly decreased . ### noise pollution in the eu has significantly decreased to who recommended levels .


### decisive progress is made in adapting to climate change impacts . ### decisive progress is made in preventing and adapting to climate change impacts .


### implementing updated eu policy on air quality , aligned with the latest scientific knowledge , and measures to combat air pollution at source . ### implementing updated eu policy on air quality , aligned with the latest scientific knowledge , developing an eu strategy for indoor air quality and measures to combat air pollution at source .


### improving the implementation of the eu environment acquis at member state level will therefore be given top priority in the coming years . there are significant differences in implementation between and within member states . there is a need to equip those involved in implementing environmental legislation at national , regional and local levels with the knowledge and capacity to improve the delivery of benefits from this legislation . ### improving the implementation of the eu environment acquis at member state level will therefore be given top priority in the coming years . there are significant differences in implementation between and within member states . there is a need to equip those involved in implementing environmental legislation at eu , national , regional and local levels with the knowledge , tools and capacity to improve the delivery of benefits from this legislation .


### fourth , eu citizens will gain better access to justice in environmental matters and effective legal protection , in line with international treaties and developments brought about by the entry into force of the lisbon treaty and recent case law of the european court of justice . non - judicial conflict resolution will also be promoted as an alternative to litigation . ### fourth , eu citizens will gain access to justice in environmental matters and effective legal protection , in line with the aarhus convention and other international treaties and developments brought about by the entry into force of the lisbon treaty and recent case law of the european court of justice . non - judicial conflict resolution will also be promoted as an alternative to litigation .


### eu citizens have access to clear information showing how eu environment law is being implemented . ### full implementation of the aarhus convention ensuring eu citizens access to clear information showing how eu environment law is being implemented , participation in certain environmentally relevant decisions and access to justice .


### citizens ' trust and confidence in eu environment law is enhanced . ### citizens ' trust and confidence in eu environment law and its enforcement is enhanced .


### ensuring that national provisions on access to justice reflect the case law of the court of justice of the european union , and promoting non - judicial conflict resolution as a means of finding amicable solutions for conflicts in the environmental field . ### ensuring that national provisions on access to justice reflect the case law of the court of justice of the european union , and promoting non - judicial conflict resolution as a means of finding effective solutions for conflicts in the environmental field .


### evidence for eu environment policy is based on environmental monitoring , data , indicators and assessments linked to the implementation of eu legislation , as well as formal scientific research and ‘ citizen science’ initiatives . there has been considerable progress on strengthening this evidence base , raising awareness and improving the confidence of policy - makers and the public in the evidence - based approach to policy , facilitating their understanding of complex environmental and societal challenges . ### eu environment policy is based on environmental monitoring , data , indicators and assessments linked to the implementation of eu legislation , as well as formal scientific research and ‘ citizen science’ initiatives . there has been considerable progress on strengthening this knowledge base , raising awareness and improving the confidence of policy - makers and the public in the knowledge - based approach to policy , facilitating their understanding of complex environmental and societal challenges .