### 15. stresses that fragmentation is accompanied by serious concerns over resources and staff at the eu level; urges the vp/hr and/or the member states to increase financial and personnel resources , in particular experts in cyberforensics; calls for further funding for cert-eu and the creation of an eu security operations centre; ### 15. stresses that fragmentation is accompanied by serious concerns over resources and staff at national and eu level , both in terms of quantity and quality; urges the vp/hr and/or the member states to increase financial and personnel resources , and their training , in particular experts in cyberforensics because the individuals and organisations behind many cyber attacks cannot be identified within short time frames , which causes majors problems as regards the organisation of adequate political , civilian and military responses; calls for further funding for cert-eu and the creation of an eu security operations centre;


### 15. stresses that fragmentation is accompanied by serious concerns over resources and staff at the eu level; urges the vp/hr and/or the member states to increase financial and personnel resources , in particular experts in cyberforensics; calls for further funding for cert-eu and the creation of an eu security operations centre; ### 15. stresses that fragmentation is accompanied by serious concerns over the lack of resources and staff at the eu level , thereby stresses the need to increase both; urges the vp/hr and/or the member states to increase financial and cyber defence personnel resources in decision and policy making , policy implementation , cyber incidents response and investigation areas , including the development of cyber skills; calls for further funding for cert-eu and the creation of an eu security operations centre;


### 15. stresses that fragmentation is accompanied by serious concerns over resources and staff at the eu level; urges the vp/hr and/or the member states to increase financial and personnel resources , in particular experts in cyberforensics; calls for further funding for cert-eu and the creation of an eu security operations centre; ### 15. stresses that fragmentation is accompanied by serious concerns over resources and staff at the eu level; urges the vp/hr and/or the member states to increase financial and personnel resources , in particular experts in cyberforensics; calls for further funding for cert-eu and edf and the creation of an eu security operations centre;


### 16. recalls that cyber defence has both military and civilian dimensions; calls on the vp/hr , therefore , to develop an integrated policy approach and close cooperation between the military cert-network and cert-eu; ### 16. recalls that cyber defence has both military and civilian dimensions; stresses the need to first analyse and discuss problems of cooperation , coordination , but also gaps as regards human and technical resources both at national and eu level; calls on the vp/hr , therefore , to develop an integrated policy approach and close cooperation between the military cert-network and cert-eu;


### 18. recalls that improving cyber defence capabilities also requires civilian network and information security expertise; welcomes the proposed revision of the directive on security of network and information systems (nis) and of current eu law , seeking to protect critical infrastructures , enhance supply chain security and the inclusion of regulated actors in the digital ecosystem; ### 18. recalls that improving cyber defence capabilities also requires civilian network and information security expertise; takes note of the proposed revision of the directive on security of network and information systems (nis) and of current eu law , seeking to protect critical infrastructures , enhance supply chain security and the inclusion of regulated actors in the digital ecosystem , and refers to the relevant sede opinions on both proposals;


### 20. welcomes the upcoming ‘military vision and strategy on cyberspace as a domain of operations’ which will define cyberspace as a domain of operations for eu csdp; calls for continuous assessment of the vulnerabilities of csdp mission information infrastructures , and for the implementation of common harmonised standards in cyber defence education , training and exercises (ete) in support of csdp missions; ### 20. welcomes the upcoming ‘military vision and strategy on cyberspace as a domain of operations’ which will define cyberspace as a domain of operations for eu csdp; calls for continuous assessment of the vulnerabilities of the information infrastructures of csdp mission information infrastructures , and for the implementation of common harmonised standards in cyber defence education , training and exercises (ete) in support of csdp missions;


### 21. calls for enhanced mutual operational assistance between member states; strongly emphasises the importance of further exercises and scenario-based policy discussions on crisis management , including on the mutual assistance clause (article 42(7) of the teu) in a hypothetical cyber attack scenario; calls for increased coordination with nato in this matter through participation in cyber exercises and joint training , such as the parallel and coordinated exercises (pace); calls for such initiatives to strengthen the common understanding on the implementation procedures for mutual assistance and/or solidarity in line with article 42(7) of the teu and article 222 of the tfeu , including with a specific objective of operationalising these procedures for cyber-attacks on the eu institutions or member states; ### 21. calls for enhanced mutual operational assistance between member states in particular in the event of major cyber attacks such as the one on estonia in 2007; strongly emphasises the importance of further exercises and scenario-based policy discussions on crisis management , including on the mutual assistance clause (article 42(7) of the teu) in a hypothetical cyber attack scenario; calls for increased coordination with nato in this matter through participation in cyber exercises and joint training , such as the parallel and coordinated exercises (pace); calls for such initiatives to strengthen the common understanding on the implementation procedures for mutual assistance and/or solidarity in line with article 42(7) of the teu and article 222 of the tfeu , including with a specific objective of operationalising these procedures for cyber-attacks on the eu institutions or member states;


### 21. calls for enhanced mutual operational assistance between member states; strongly emphasises the importance of further exercises and scenario-based policy discussions on crisis management , including on the mutual assistance clause (article 42(7) of the teu) in a hypothetical cyber attack scenario; calls for increased coordination with nato in this matter through participation in cyber exercises and joint training , such as the parallel and coordinated exercises (pace); calls for such initiatives to strengthen the common understanding on the implementation procedures for mutual assistance and/or solidarity in line with article 42(7) of the teu and article 222 of the tfeu , including with a specific objective of operationalising these procedures for cyber-attacks on the eu institutions or member states; ### 21. calls for enhanced mutual operational assistance between member states; strongly emphasises the importance of further exercises and scenario-based policy discussions on crisis management , including on the mutual assistance clause (article 42(7) of the teu) in a hypothetical cyber attack scenario; calls for increased coordination with nato in this matter through participation in cyber exercises and joint training , such as the parallel and coordinated exercises (pace); calls for such initiatives to strengthen the common understanding on the implementation procedures for mutual assistance and/or solidarity in line with article 42(7) of the teu and article 222 of the tfeu , including with a specific objective of operationalising these procedures for cyber-attacks on eu member states;


### 22. considers that eu-nato cyber cooperation is crucial , as it enables strong formal attribution and thus the imposition of restrictive sanctions; notes that functioning deterrence would be achieved if adversaries were aware of the catalogue of possible countermeasures (based on the severity , scale , and target of the cyber-attacks); ### 22. considers that eu-nato cyber cooperation is crucial , as it enables strong formal attribution and thus the imposition of restrictive sanctions; notes that in general , functioning deterrence would be achieved if adversaries were aware of the catalogue of possible credible countermeasures , and their proportionality and appropriateness , their compliance with international law , in particular the un chater (based on the severity , scale , and target of the cyber-attacks);


### 23. welcomes the arrangement between the cert-eu and the nato computer incident response capability (ncirc) , to ensure the ability to respond to threats in real time; stresses also the importance to increase cyber defence training capabilities in it and cyber systems in cooperation with the nato cooperative cyber defence centre of excellence (ccd coe) and the nato communications and information (nci) academy; ### 23. welcomes the arrangement between the cert-eu and the nato computer incident response capability (ncirc) , to ensure the ability to respond to threats in real time by improving cyber incident prevention , detection and response both in the eu and in nato; stresses also the importance to increase cyber defence training capabilities in it and cyber systems in cooperation with the nato cooperative cyber defence centre of excellence (ccd coe) and the nato communications and information (nci) academy;


### 24. calls for further synchronisation of eu-nato cooperation , notably on cyber defence interoperability requirements , by looking for possible complementarities , avoiding duplication and acknowledging their respective responsibilities; ### 24. calls for further synchronisation of eu-nato cooperation , notably on cyber defence interoperability requirements , by looking for possible complementarities , pursuing the affiliation of relevant csdp structures to nato’s federated mission networking and avoiding duplication and acknowledging their respective responsibilities;


### 25. calls for closer coordination on cyber defence between member states , the eu institutions , nato , the united states and other strategic partners; underlines the urgent need for implementing the widely-recognised international normative framework for responsible state behaviour in cyberspace; ### 25. calls for closer coordination on cyber defence between member states , the eu institutions , nato member states and other strategic partners like japan , australia , south korea , new zealand and others; underlines the urgent need to respect international law , including the un charter in its entirety , and adhere to the widely-recognised international normative framework for responsible state behaviour in cyberspace;


### 25. calls for closer coordination on cyber defence between member states , the eu institutions , nato , the united states and other strategic partners; underlines the urgent need for implementing the widely-recognised international normative framework for responsible state behaviour in cyberspace; ### 25. calls for closer coordination on cyber defence between member states , the eu institutions , nato , the united states and other strategic partners such as the organisation for security and cooperation in europe (osce); underlines the urgent need for implementing the widely-recognised international normative framework for responsible state behaviour in cyberspace;


### 25. calls for closer coordination on cyber defence between member states , the eu institutions , nato , the united states and other strategic partners; underlines the urgent need for implementing the widely-recognised international normative framework for responsible state behaviour in cyberspace; ### 25. calls for closer coordination on cyber defence between member states , the eu institutions , nato , the united states and other strategic partners; underlines the urgent need for implementing the widely-recognised international normative framework for responsible state behaviour in cyberspace within the un contexte;


### 26. calls on all member states and the eu to show leadership during discussions and initiatives under the auspices of the un to help truly promote responsible state behaviour in cyber space , building on the consensus reports of the un gge endorsed by the un general assembly; calls for un peacekeeping missions to be reinforced with cyber defence capacities in line with the effective implementation of their mandates; ### 26. calls on all member states and the eu to show leadership during discussions and initiatives under the auspices of the un to help truly promote responsible state behaviour in cyber space , building on the consensus reports of the un gge endorsed by the un general assembly , and more recently the oewg; calls for un peacekeeping missions to be reinforced with cyber defence capacities in line with the effective implementation of their mandates;


### b. whereas the recently adopted eu strategy for cooperation in the indo-pacific , which is based on a principled engagement with a long-term perspective , reflects a deep evolution in the way the eu looks at its interests in the region and the potential role it can play; whereas building strong relations and security cooperation with indo-pacific regional organisations and countries is central to the strategy; ### b. whereas the recently adopted joint communication on an eu strategy for cooperation in the indo-pacific , which is based on a principled engagement with a long-term perspective , reflects a deep evolution in the way the eu looks at its interests in the region and the potential role it can play; whereas building strong relations , sustainable trade links and security cooperation with indo-pacific regional organisations and countries is central to the strategy;


### 1. welcomes the recently adopted eu strategy for cooperation in the indo-pacific; recognises the added value of the strategy as the first foundation stone of the eu’s united approach to the region , and praises the inclusive and multifaceted nature of the strategy and the inclusion of security and defence as one of its seven priority areas; calls for the eu to use the strategy as a tool to effectively assert its presence and influence in the region through furthering strategic ties and deepening cooperation on security- and defence-related matters with regional countries and organisations; believes that increased eu engagement in the region would contribute to regional security , and help overcome regional tensions and create more balanced relations among regional players; recalls that the strategy is a team europe project; ### 1. welcomes the recently adopted joint communication on an eu strategy for cooperation in the indo-pacific; recognises the added value of the strategy as the first foundation stone of the eu’s united approach to the region , and praises the inclusive and multifaceted nature of the strategy and the inclusion of security and defence as one of its seven priority areas; calls for the eu to use the strategy as a tool to effectively increase its presence and influence in the region through furthering strategic ties and deepening cooperation on security- and defence-related matters with regional countries and organisations; believes that increased eu engagement in the region would contribute to regional security , and help overcome regional tensions and create more balanced relations among regional players; recalls that the strategy is a team europe project and it should strive for free and open indo-pacific;


### 2. highlights the need to safeguard eu unity as a pre-condition to achieve the eu’s ambition of strategic sovereignty amid the increasing competition between the united states and china; recalls that the eu’s unified approach must be underpinned by a pragmatic and principled foreign and security policy; ### 2. highlights the need to ensure eu unity as a pre-condition to achieve the eu’s foreign and security policy objectives in the indo pacific region; recalls that the eu’s unified approach must be underpinned by a pragmatic and principled foreign and security policy which seeks to cooperate with partners if possible , and act alone if needed in order to pursue its strategic solidarity and sovereignty;


### 3. stresses the eu’s determination to promote an open , stable and rules-based regional security architecture , based on respect for democracy , the rule of law , human rights and international law , and including secure sea lines of communication , capacity-building and an enhanced naval presence , in accordance with the legal framework established by the united nations convention on the law of the sea (unclos); urges the eu to further engage with the countries and organisations of the indo-pacific to foster and further build inclusive and effective partnerships , and , therefore , strengthen multilateralism via the un and other international organisations; recalls that non-compliance or an explicit violation of these values and principles would have negative repercussions on the eu’s engagement in bilateral and regional partnerships; ### 3. stresses the eu’s determination to promote an open , stable and rules-based regional security architecture , based on respect for democracy , the rule of law , human rights and international law , and including secure sea lines of communication , capacity-building and an enhanced naval presence , in accordance with the legal framework established by the united nations convention on the law of the sea (unclos); urges the eu to further engage with the countries and organisations of the indo-pacific to foster and further build inclusive and effective partnerships , and , therefore , strengthen multilateralism via the un and other international organisations;


### strategic sovereignty based on multilateralism and the rules-based international order ### strategic sovereignty and solidarity based on multilateralism and the rules-based international order


### 6. expresses deep concerns about china’s rapid military build-up , including its test of a hypersonic missile , and its increasingly assertive behaviour , which aims , among other things , to advance its territorial claims in the east and south china seas; highlights that security hotspots and unresolved issues , such as the democratic people’s republic of korea’s nuclear programme , the recent china-india border standoffs , the crackdown on democracy in hong kong , and threats posed by china to the territorial integrity of taiwan , exert further strain on regional security and stability; highlights that the eu’s approach towards china must be unified , pragmatic , multifaceted and principled , including cooperating on issues of shared interest , such as climate change , on the one hand , and competing when it comes to providing economic , political and strategic alternatives to third countries , and confronting china on matters where our respective views diverge substantially , on the other hand; ### 6. expresses deep concerns about china’s rapid military build-up , including its test of a hypersonic missile , and its increasingly assertive behaviour , which aims , among other things , to advance its territorial claims in the east and south china seas; highlights that security hotspots and unresolved issues , such as the democratic people’s republic of korea’s nuclear programme , the recent china-india border standoffs , the crackdown on democracy in hong kong , china’s failure to comply with its obligations under national and international law to respect human rights , including the rights of minorities in xinjiang , tibet and inner mongolia , and threats posed by china to the territorial integrity of taiwan , exert further strain on regional security and stability; highlights that the eu’s approach towards china must be unified , pragmatic , multifaceted and principled , including cooperating on issues of shared interest , based on hr and international law , and rivalling when it comes to providing economic , political and strategic alternatives to third countries , and confronting china on matters where our respective views diverge substantially , as the fundamental challenge in the pursuit of our values and interests , on the other hand;


### 19. underscores the need to advance defence capability development in order to adequately respond to commonly identified threats; believes that eu member states , especially the 21 joint eu-nato members , need to act coherently and should consider identifying a clear ‘european level of ambition’ in quantitative and qualitative terms regarding capability development in nato; encourages stronger efforts by members of both organisations to achieve greater synergies and coordination between the eu’s capability development plan (cdp) , the eu’s coordinated annual review on defence (card) and nato’s defence planning process (ndpp); ### 19. underscores the need to advance defence capability development in order to adequately respond to commonly identified threats; believes that eu member states , especially the 21 joint eu-nato members , need to act coherently and should consider identifying a clear level of ambition in quantitative and qualitative terms regarding capability development in nato; stresses the urgent need to shift away from focussing on the level of defence spending and linking that level to gdp which varies naturally and is no suitable indicator for rising insecurity , a higher threat level , and the need to invest in military capabilities; believes that national , eu and nato discussions and decisions on burden sharing , solidarity , and capability development should focus solely on the capabilities needed for fulfilling pre-defined and agreed military tasks; encourages stronger efforts by members of both organisations to achieve greater synergies and coordination between the eu’s capability development plan (cdp) , the eu’s coordinated annual review on defence (card) and nato’s defence planning process (ndpp); underlines the need to agree on common technical norms , standards and certification processes , which would guarantee that military technology is fully interoperable; believes that it is high time for the commission , eeas and eda to address these questions together with a meaningful strategy for the security of supply;


### b. whereas china’s continued military belligerence against taiwan poses a grave threat to the status quo between taiwan and china , as well as to the peace and stability of the indo-pacific region; ### b. whereas china’s continued military belligerence and grey-zone activities , as well as other dimensions of the provocation such as spying actions , cyber-attacks , talent poaching , against taiwan poses a grave threat to the status quo between taiwan and china , as well as to the peace and stability of the indo-pacific region;


### c. whereas taiwan’s efforts to contain the spread of the coronavirus have proven to be among the most effective in the world; ### c. whereas taiwan’s efforts to contain the spread of the coronavirus have proven to be among the most effective in the world; whereas taiwan’s efforts in different dimensions to contribute actively to the international community’s common good in the context of the pandemic is a tangible example of taiwan behaving as a partner and proof that it should be treated as such; whereas taiwan has the capacity to provide equally valuable contributions to the international community in dealing with the other many challenges of our time;


### d. whereas the eu remains the largest source of foreign direct investment (fdi) to taiwan , with an accumulated value of eur 48 billion up to 2019 , accounting for 31 % of taiwan’s inward fdi; ### d. whereas the eu remains the largest source of foreign direct investment (fdi) to taiwan , with an accumulated value of eur 48 billion up to 2019 , accounting for 31 % of taiwan’s inward fdi; whereas taiwan’s fdi into the eu amount to only 2.5 billion € and there is much potential for more;


### 1. recommends that the vice-president of the commission / high representative of the union for foreign affairs and security policy: ### 1. recommends that the vice-president of the commission / high representative of the union for foreign affairs and security policy and the commission:


### works closely with the member states to upgrade eu-taiwan political relations and to elevate them to a comprehensive and enhanced partnership with the official signing of a respective agreement; ### works closely with the member states to help intensify eu-taiwan political relations and to pursue a comprehensive and enhanced partnership under the guidance of the eu’s one china policy;


### prepares an impact assessment on a bilateral investment agreement (bia) with taiwan before the end of 2021 in preparation for negotiations to deepen bilateral economic ties; ### prepares an impact assessment on a bilateral investment agreement (bia) with taiwan before the end of 2021 in preparation for such investment negotiations;


### expresses grave concern over china’s continued military belligerence against taiwan; urges china to desist from any destabilising activities against taiwan , and insists that any change to cross-strait relations must not be made against the will of taiwanese citizens; urges the commission to take a proactive role in working with like-minded international partners to safeguard peace and stability across the taiwan strait , and to sustain democracy in taiwan; ### expresses grave concern over china’s continued pressure against taiwan including military belligerence; urges china to desist from any destabilising activities against taiwan , and insists that any change to cross-strait relations must not be made unilaterally nor against the will of taiwanese citizens; urges the commission to take a proactive role in working with like-minded international partners to pursue peace and stability across the taiwan strait , and to partner with democracy in taiwan;


### strongly advocates for taiwan’s full participation as an observer in meetings , mechanisms and activities of international bodies , including the world health organization , the international civil aviation organization (icao) and the un framework convention on climate change (unfccc); ### strongly advocates for taiwan’s full participation as an observer in meetings , mechanisms and activities of international bodies , including the world health organization , the international civil aviation organization (icao) , the un framework convention on climate change (unfccc) and interpol;


### encourages increased official exchanges between the eu and taiwan , including at the highest levels , so as to fully reflect the dynamic , multi-faceted and close cooperation between the eu and taiwan as like-minded partners; ### encourages increased economic , scientific , cultural , political and people-to-people exchanges between the eu and taiwan , including at the highest levels , so as to fully reflect the dynamic , multi-faceted and close cooperation between the eu and taiwan as like-minded partners;


### includes taiwan as an important eu partner and regional economic power in the upcoming indo-pacific strategy currently being prepared by the eeas; ### addresses the tensions across the taiwan strait and the protection of taiwan democracy in the context of the upcoming eu indo-pacific strategy;


### continues to adopt initiatives to enhance bilateral economic relations and people-to-people contacts , including in academia and civil society; ### shares available information about opportunities for enhanced bilateral economic relations and people-to-people contacts , including in academia and civil society; encourages european and taiwanese cooperation in the media sector , so as to diversify the chinese language media environment in the eu and provide an alternative to prc controlled media outlets;


### supports initiatives allowing the eu to engage in partnerships with taiwan in the fields of ict , biotech , health and connectivity; ### supports initiatives allowing the eu to engage in partnerships with taiwan in the fields of ict , biotech , health and works on concrete cooperation and initiatives between the eu connectivity strategy and taiwan’s new southbound policy;


### encourages the eu and member states to deepen cooperation with taiwan in confronting disinformation from malign third countries , including the sharing of best-practices; ### encourages the eu and member states to deepen cooperation with taiwan in confronting disinformation from malign third countries , including the sharing of best-practices; supports intensified cooperation between relevant european and taiwanese think-tanks in that field;


### further promotes tourism and youth exchanges with taiwan through initiatives such as working holiday or the erasmus programmes and to explore opportunities of cooperation in higher education and other areas; ### further promotes tourism and youth exchanges with taiwan through initiatives such as working holiday or the erasmus programmes and to explore opportunities of cooperation in higher education and other areas with the goal of strengthening china and taiwan expertise in europe and contributing to a better understanding of europe in taiwan;


### — having regard to the north atlantic council statement on the extension of the new start treaty of 3 february 2021 , ### deleted


### — having regard to the north atlantic council statement on the treaty on open skies of 18 june 2021 , ### deleted


### b. whereas in the current tense geopolitical context , key arms control treaties that came into force at the end of the cold war have recently been dismantled; ### b. whereas nuclear weapon states have recently dismantled key arms control treaties that came into force at the end of the cold war , despite the current tense geopolitical context;


### c. whereas the eu , through its strategy against proliferation of weapons of mass destruction (wmd) , is proactively contributing to the prevention of the use and proliferation of wmds; ### c. whereas the eu , through its strategy against proliferation of weapons of mass destruction (wmd) , is proactively contributing to disarmament and the prevention of the use and proliferation of wmds;


### g. whereas the treaty on the prohibition of nuclear weapons (tpnw) entered into force on 22 january 2021; whereas three eu member states are states parties to the tpnw; whereas no nato allies and no state possessing nuclear weapons are states parties to the tpnw; whereas no meaningful results in the global non-proliferation and disarmament efforts are possible without the involvement and active participation of the five nuclear-weapon states parties to the npt; ### g. whereas the treaty on the prohibition of nuclear weapons (tpnw) entered into force on 22 january 2021; whereas six eu member states participated in the tpnw negotiations in the un general assembly and five voted in favour of adoption of the new treaty: whereas three eu member states are states parties to the tpnw; whereas no nato allies and no state possessing nuclear weapons are states parties to the tpnw; whereas involvement of the nuclear-weapon states parties to the npt and the other four nuclear weapon possessors would be desirable to make progress on nuclear disarmament more likely;


### h. whereas the joint comprehensive plan of action (jcpoa) was an achievement of multilateral diplomacy led by the eu; whereas the us and iran have begun indirect negotiations with a view to their return to the jcpoa; whereas iran has ceased the application of the additional protocol; ### h. whereas the joint comprehensive plan of action (jcpoa) was an achievement of multilateral diplomacy led by the eu; whereas the jcpoa participants e3/eu , china , russia , iran as well as the united states have begun indirect negotiations with a view to the us return to the jcpoa; whereas the united states remains in noncompliance with unsc resolution 2231 and iran has suspended the application of the additional protocol and taken other measures in violation of the jcpoa;


### i. whereas the comprehensive nuclear-test-ban treaty (ctbt) has not yet been universally ratified; ### i. whereas ratification of eight states , including the us and china , prevents entry into force of the comprehensive nuclear-test-ban treaty (ctbt);


### j. whereas the conference on disarmament has not yet formally launched negotiations on the proposed fissile material cut-off treaty (fmct) , a treaty banning the production of fissile material for nuclear weapons or other nuclear explosive devices; ### j. whereas the conference on disarmament after 25 years of standstill has still not formally launched negotiations on the proposed fissile material cut-off treaty (fmct) , a treaty banning the production of fissile material for nuclear weapons or other nuclear explosive devices;


### n. whereas since the withdrawal of the uk from the eu , france is now the only nuclear member state; ### n. whereas since the withdrawal of the uk from the eu , france is now the only nuclear member state and continues actively the modernization and renewal of its nuclear arsenal;


### o. whereas india and pakistan , states outside the npt framework , have declared themselves to be in possession of nuclear weapons; ### o. whereas india and pakistan , states outside the npt framework , have declared themselves to be in possession of nuclear weapons; whereas it is generally understood that israel is in possession of nuclear weapons; whereas north korea has detonated several nuclear explosive devises since 2006 and announced its intention to withdraw from the npt;


### q. whereas russia has failed for many years to comply with its obligations under the open skies treaty; whereas the us and russia have successively withdrawn from the treaty; ### q. whereas several states parties have failed to comply with their obligations under the open skies treaty; whereas the us and russia have successively withdrawn from the treaty;


### r. whereas the chemical weapons convention is the world’s first multilateral disarmament agreement to provide for the elimination of an entire category of weapons of mass destruction; whereas in the past decade , the ethical norm against the use of chemical weapons has begun to show alarming signs of erosion; ### r. whereas the chemical weapons convention is the world’s first multilateral disarmament agreement to provide for the verifiable elimination of an entire category of weapons of mass destruction; whereas in the past decade , the legal norm against the use of chemical weapons has been violated several times , including by the syrian government and the islamic state;


### s. whereas the biological weapons convention (bwc) was agreed without on-site verification mechanisms to ensure compliance; ### s. whereas the biological weapons convention (bwc) was agreed without a verification mechanisms to ensure compliance and negotiations on a verification protocol collapsed 20 years ago , following the us withdrawal from the ad hoc group;


### v. whereas the covid-19 pandemic has shown the need to increase eu chemical , biological , radiological and nuclear defence (cbrn) preparedness; ### v. whereas the covid-19 pandemic should raise our awareness to the potential impact of cbrn risks;


### 1. reiterates its full commitment to the preservation of effective international arms control , disarmament and non-proliferation regimes as a cornerstone of global and european security; recalls its commitment to pursuing policies designed to move forward the reduction and elimination of all nuclear arsenals and to achieve a world without nuclear weapons; calls for a renewed arms control multilateral order; ### 1. reiterates its full commitment to the preservation of effective international arms control , disarmament and non-proliferation regimes as a cornerstone of global and european security; recalls its commitment to pursuing policies designed to move forward the reduction and elimination of all nuclear arsenals and to achieve a world free of nuclear weapons; calls for a renewed arms control and disarmament multilateral order;


### 3. reaffirms its full support to the npt; expects nuclear-weapon states to take steps to demonstrate their genuine commitment to nuclear disarmament; exhorts states parties to do their utmost to contribute to a successful and ambitious outcome of the upcoming 10th review conference; ### 3. reaffirms its full support to the npt; expects nuclear-weapon states to take steps 'in good faith' to demonstrate their genuine commitment to nuclear disarmament; exhorts states parties to do their utmost to contribute to a successful and ambitious outcome of the upcoming 10th review conference; calls on eu member states to attend the review conference at a high political level; invites all npt states parties to therefore constructively engage in the npt framework , and agree on realistic , effective , tangible , reciprocal and verifiable measures conducive to the achievement of the shared goal of nuclear disarmament;


### 5. calls for the available expertise in non-proliferation and arms control in the eu to be strengthened and the training of eu and member state personnel to be improved; ### 5. calls for the available expertise in non-proliferation and arms control in the eu to be strengthened and the training of eu and member state personnel to be improved; calls in particular for the creation of a european dual-use export control agency in order to meet the widened mandate for transparency reporting , coordination , enforcement and enlarged scope of obligations in the dual-use regulation (2021/821);


### 10. notes the entry into force of the tpnw as an expression of the desire of the majority of the global community to live in a nuclear weapon-free world; recalls that the goal of nuclear disarmament must be pursued while ensuring international stability and undiminished collective security; invites all npt states parties to therefore constructively engage in the npt framework , and agree on realistic , effective , tangible , reciprocal and verifiable measures conducive to the achievement of the ultimate shared long-term goal of nuclear disarmament; ### 10. notes the entry into force of the tpnw as an expression of the desire of the majority of the global community to live in a nuclear weapon-free world; holds the npt and the tpnw obligations to be compatible and mutually reinforcing; recalls that nuclear disarmament contributes to ensuring international stability and undiminished collective security;


### 11. recalls the central role played by the iaea; calls on the states that have not yet done so to ratify the iaea additional protocol without delay; ### 11. recalls the central role played by the iaea; calls on the states that have not yet done so to bring into force an iaea additional protocol without delay;


### 12. reaffirms its full support for the jcpoa as a key element of the global nuclear non-proliferation architecture; calls on all parties to return to the negotiations with a view to returning to full and effective compliance with the agreement; ### 12. reaffirms its full support for the jcpoa as a key element of the global nuclear non-proliferation architecture; calls on all parties to return to the negotiations with a view to re-establishing full and effective compliance with the agreement;


### 13. confirms that the entry into force and ratification of the ctbt continues to be an important objective of the eu’s strategy against proliferation of wmd; ### 13. confirms that the entry into force and ratification of the ctbt continues to be an important objective of the eu’s strategy against proliferation of wmd and calls on all states to refrain from nuclear tests;


### 16. warmly welcomes the decision taken by the us and the russian federation to extend the new start treaty; advocates the involvement of other nuclear-armed countries , notably china , in negotiations on any new arms control agreement; ### 16. warmly welcomes the decision taken by the us and the russian federation to extend the new start treaty; advocates the involvement of other nuclear-armed countries , notably china , france and the uk , in negotiations on any new arms control agreement;


### 17. notes with concern the ongoing russian modernisation programmes which raise questions about russian compliance with the objectives of the presidential nuclear initiatives; calls on both the us and the russian federation to stick to their commitments in relation to non-strategic nuclear weapons and to ensure transparency on arsenals , deployments and the status of their respective weapons; ### 17. notes with concern the ongoing russian modernisation programmes which raise questions about russian compliance with the objectives of the presidential nuclear initiatives; calls on both the us and the russian federation to stick to their commitments in relation to non-strategic nuclear weapons and to increase transparency on arsenals , deployments and the status of their respective weapons;


### 20. stresses the crucial role played by the open skies treaty; calls on the remaining signatories to continue implementing the treaty; urges the us and the russian federation to resume talks with a view to returning to the treaty and to its full , effective and verifiable implementation; ### 20. stresses the crucial role played by the open skies treaty; calls on the remaining signatories to continue implementing the treaty; urges the us and the russian federation to resume talks with a view to returning to the treaty and to its full , effective and verifiable implementation; urges the remaining states to develop the treaty further by reimagining it as a multi-purpose regime including scientist-to-scientist exchanges , emergency response cooperation , environmental monitoring , and other missions;


### 26. calls for the equal , full and meaningful participation of women in npt forums to be ensured; ### 26. calls for the equal , full and meaningful participation of women in npt , tpnw , and ctbt conferences and fora to be ensured;


### c. whereas the implementation of meaningful reforms that improve citizens’ lives and facilitate eu accession require the engagement of all bih political leaders , authorities , institutions and office holders; ### c. whereas the implementation of meaningful reforms that improve the lives of people in bih and facilitate eu accession require the engagement of all bih political leaders , authorities , institutions and office holders;


### d. whereas a clear distribution of responsibilities and enhanced cooperation between different levels of government is essential; ### d. whereas a clear distribution of responsibilities and enhanced cooperation in good faith between different levels of government is essential;


### g. whereas bih is a migrant transit route , and reception capacities remain insufficient for hosting migrants and asylum seekers present in the country; ### g. whereas , since the beginning of 2018 , close to 70 ,000 refugees and migrants arrived to bosnia and herzegovina via the western balkans migration route; whereas , according to the un , around 8 ,000 refugees and migrants are currently present in the country; whereas nearly 2 ,000 persons are currently sleeping outside in freezing temperatures; whereas reception conditions and capacities remain insufficient for a dignified reception of migrants and asylum seekers present in the country; whereas existing camps , such as the lipa emergency tent camp , which housed about 1 ,400 migrants and has been destroyed by a fire on 24 december 2020 , do not provide adequate and dignified shelter and reception especially during the cold months; , whereas , the authorities refuse to open the fully equipped eu-funded bira reception centre , located at 20km from lipa; acknowledging that one of the causes of the current situation is the practice of illegal pushbacks by eu member states; stresses that migrants at the destroyed camp are forced to resort to makeshift efforts , such as lighting fires inside the remaining tents to keep warm , raising the risk of another catastrophe;


### g. whereas bih is a migrant transit route , and reception capacities remain insufficient for hosting migrants and asylum seekers present in the country; ### g. whereas , as a consequence of the closure of the western balkan route and the hungarian border , asylum-seekers seeking safety in the eu started to transit via bih; whereas this creates challenges to the country in light of its difficult socio-economic situation; whereas reception capacities remain insufficient for hosting migrants and asylum seekers present in the country;


### 1. recalls that the path towards the eu depends on sustainable peace and genuine reconciliation warranting the democratic and multicultural character of bih; urges the country to expedite effective prosecution of war crimes under the revised national war crimes processing strategy , and calls for impartial and effective investigations into these crimes; condemns any kind of historical revisionism , secessionist rhetoric and related acts , denial or glorification of war crimes committed during the 1990’s war; ### 1. recalls that the path towards the eu depends on sustainable peace and genuine reconciliation warranting the democratic and multicultural character of bih; urges the country to expedite effective prosecution of war crimes under the revised national war crimes processing strategy , and calls for impartial and effective investigations into these crimes; condemns any kind of historical revisionism , secessionist rhetoric and related acts , denial or glorification of war crimes committed during the 1990’s war , including the srebrenica genocide; condemns the non-respect of the rulings of the international criminal tribunal for the former yugoslavia and of the international court of justice;


### 1. recalls that the path towards the eu depends on sustainable peace and genuine reconciliation warranting the democratic and multicultural character of bih; urges the country to expedite effective prosecution of war crimes under the revised national war crimes processing strategy , and calls for impartial and effective investigations into these crimes; condemns any kind of historical revisionism , secessionist rhetoric and related acts , denial or glorification of war crimes committed during the 1990’s war; ### 1. recalls that the path towards the eu depends on sustainable peace and genuine reconciliation warranting the democratic and multicultural character of bih; urges the country to expedite effective prosecution of war crimes under the revised national war crimes processing strategy , and calls for impartial and effective investigations into these crimes; condemns any kind of historical revisionism , or opposition to icty judgments , secessionist rhetoric and related acts , denial or glorification of war crimes committed during the 1990’s war;


### 2. recalls that over 7 200 bih citizens are still missing , and urges the authorities to intensify cooperation and data sharing on issues related to missing persons , redress to civilian victims of war , and to ensure the safe return of refugees and internally displaced people; ### 2. recalls that over 7 200 persons are still missing from the war 1992-1995 , and urges the authorities of the parties to the general framework agreement for peace to intensify cooperation and data sharing on issues related to missing persons , redress to civilian victims of war , and to ensure the safe return of refugees and internally displaced people;


### 2. recalls that over 7 200 bih citizens are still missing , and urges the authorities to intensify cooperation and data sharing on issues related to missing persons , redress to civilian victims of war , and to ensure the safe return of refugees and internally displaced people; ### 2. recalls that over 7 200 bih citizens are still missing , and urges the authorities to intensify cooperation and data sharing on issues related to missing persons , redress to civilian victims of war , and to ensure the safe return of refugees and internally displaced people in accordance with annex vii of the dayton peace agreement; calls for the eradication of all forms of discrimination against returnees;


### 2. recalls that over 7 200 bih citizens are still missing , and urges the authorities to intensify cooperation and data sharing on issues related to missing persons , redress to civilian victims of war , and to ensure the safe return of refugees and internally displaced people; ### 2. recalls that over 7 200 bih citizens are still missing , and urges the authorities to intensify cooperation and data sharing between regional , national and international stakeholders on issues related to missing persons , redress to civilian victims of war , and to ensure the safe return of refugees and internally displaced people;


### 3. calls on all regional political leaders to set up the regional commission tasked with establishing the facts about all victims of war crimes and other human rights violations committed on the territory of the former yugoslavia (recom) , building upon the significant work carried out by the coalition for recom; ### 3. calls on all governments and parliaments to set up the regional commission tasked with establishing the facts about all victims of war crimes and other human rights violations committed on the territory of the former yugoslavia (recom) , building upon the significant work carried out by the coalition for recom;


### 4. urges the authorities to ensure inclusive and non-discriminatory education for all children; ### 4. urges the responsible authorities at all levels to ensure inclusive and non-discriminatory education for all children regardless of their ethnic , cultural or personal background , by working towards a meaningful harmonization of the three ethno-national curricula in place , by progressively eliminating content in history , geography , language , literature and religious education that promotes division and by mainstreaming critical thinking skills into teacher training and classroom work; recognizes that only through quality education that gives young people a vision and perspective of a positive future can the brain drain issue be addressed;


### 4. urges the authorities to ensure inclusive and non-discriminatory education for all children; ### 4. urges the authorities to ensure inclusive and non-discriminatory education for all children in line with resolution of the council of europe’s committee of ministers on the implementation of the framework convention for protection of national minorities by bosnia and herzegovina of 2019 and the recommendations of the european commission against racism and intolerance (ecri);


### 4. urges the authorities to ensure inclusive and non-discriminatory education for all children; ### 4. urges the authorities to ensure inclusive and non-discriminatory education for all children , regardless of their ethnic , cultural or personal background;


### 5. urges all bih political leaders and institutions to significantly accelerate work and co-operation to fully comply with the 14 key priorities; calls on the authorities to maintain the political will for enhanced co-operation demonstrated at the onset of the covid-19 crisis; ### 5. welcomes bosnia and herzegovina’s commitment to advancing on its eu path , as well as the strong support for european integration among its population; urges all bih political leaders and institutions to significantly accelerate work and co-operation to fully comply with the 14 key priorities; calls on the authorities to maintain the political will for enhanced co-operation demonstrated at the onset of the covid-19 crisis;


### 6. underlines that the effective organisation and independent functioning of institutions is an essential feature of a viable democracy and a prerequisite for advancing the eu integration process , including obtaining candidate status; warns that ethno-nationalistic rhetoric and attempts to obstruct the functioning of institutions undermine country-wide co-ordination and decision-making on key policies and reforms; ### 6. underlines that the effective organisation , independent functioning and accountability of institutions is an essential feature of a viable democracy and a prerequisite for advancing the eu integration process , including obtaining candidate status; warns that ethno-nationalistic rhetoric and attempts to obstruct the functioning of institutions undermine country-wide co-ordination and decision-making on key policies and reforms;


### 7. commends the adoption of the amendments to the bih election law that allowed mostar citizens to vote in the 2020 local elections; welcomes the parliamentary assembly’s vote of 22 july 2020 on the rules of procedure governing the meetings of stabilisation and association parliamentary committee (sapc) , paving the way for their formal adoption by the 2nd eu-bih sapc as soon as possible; ### 7. commends the adoption of the amendments to the bih election law that allowed mostar citizens to vote in the 2020 local elections; is concerned about reports that the wider mostar agreement co-facilitated by eu officials contravenes the union’s long-held aim of reunification of the city; welcomes the parliamentary assembly’s vote of 22 july 2020 on the rules of procedure governing the meetings of stabilisation and association parliamentary committee (sapc) , paving the way for their formal adoption by the 2nd eu-bih sapc as soon as possible;


### 8. underlines the urgent need to address shortcomings in the constitutional framework and to make progress on reforms that would transform bih into a fully functional and inclusive state; stresses that institutional reforms depend on the will and commitment of political leaders and institutions in the country; urges the international community to facilitate the conditions for constitutional dialogue under the leadership of the eu , in particular parliament , and in consultation with civil society; ### 8. recalls that upon joining the council of europe in 2002 , bih undertook the obligation to address shortcomings in the constitutional framework and to make progress on reforms that would transform bih into a fully functional and inclusive state; stresses that institutional reforms depend on the will and commitment of political leaders and institutions in the country; urges the international community to facilitate the conditions for constitutional change under the leadership of the eu , in particular parliament , and in consultation with civil society;


### 8. underlines the urgent need to address shortcomings in the constitutional framework and to make progress on reforms that would transform bih into a fully functional and inclusive state; stresses that institutional reforms depend on the will and commitment of political leaders and institutions in the country; urges the international community to facilitate the conditions for constitutional dialogue under the leadership of the eu , in particular parliament , and in consultation with civil society; ### 8. underlines the urgent need to address shortcomings in the constitutional framework , including through the harmonisation of laws on cantonal and federal level and expanding the state’s jurisdiction , and to make progress on reforms that would transform bih into a fully functional and inclusive civic state; stresses that institutional reforms depend on the will and commitment of political leaders and institutions in the country , which must be reflected in a new social contract for all citizens; urges the international community to facilitate the conditions for and actively support constitutional dialogue under the leadership and guidance of the eu , in particular parliament , with the active participation of civil society representatives and citizens as fully engaged and fully equal partners;


### 10. regrets the lack of progress on reforms in the judiciary; reiterates the urgent need to strengthen the professionalism and accountability of the judiciary and to ensure its independence from undue influence; ### 10. regrets the lack of progress on reforms in the judiciary as a pivotal and urgently needed reform , including the conditions and recommendations contained in the commission opinion’s 14 priorities as well as in the december 2019 priebe report; notes that the commission’s 31 december 2020 deadline for adoption of three systemic laws (amendment to the law on the high judicial and prosecutorial council , law on public procurement , law on conflict of interest) has not been met by bh authorities;


### 10. regrets the lack of progress on reforms in the judiciary; reiterates the urgent need to strengthen the professionalism and accountability of the judiciary and to ensure its independence from undue influence; ### 10. regrets the lack of progress on reforms in the judiciary; reiterates the urgent need to strengthen the professionalism and accountability of the judiciary and to ensure its independence from undue influence; refers in this context to the priebe report; calls on relevant authorities to implement its recommendations;


### 11. calls for immediate steps to tackle corruption and impunity in the public sphere in order to rebuild citizens’ trust in the institutions; ### 11. calls for immediate steps to tackle corruption and impunity in the public sphere in order to rebuild citizens’ trust in the institutions; calls on the authorities to duly investigate and resolve the lack of effective prosecutions for high-profile corruption cases; stresses that the persistent lack of transparency shown by political actors and public institutions alike needs to be swiftly addressed;


### 11. calls for immediate steps to tackle corruption and impunity in the public sphere in order to rebuild citizens’ trust in the institutions; ### 11. calls for immediate steps to tackle corruption and impunity in the public sphere in order to rebuild citizens’ trust in the institutions; recalls the recommendations of greco and the findings of the compliance reports of greco;


### 13. expresses concern over the fundamental rights situation , and calls for more effective and comprehensive countrywide human rights and anti-discrimination strategies , as well as measures against interfaith and interethnic intolerance; stresses the need to duly prevent and prosecute the proliferation of hate speech , hate crimes and violence , and to promote social inclusion of minorities and vulnerable populations , including the roma; ### 13. expresses concern over the fundamental rights situation , specifically , the persisting discrimination and hate speech faced by the lgbti+ community , migrants and asylum seekers , as well as ethnic and religious minorities , and calls for more effective and comprehensive countrywide human rights and anti-discrimination strategies , as well as measures against interfaith and interethnic intolerance; stresses the need to duly prevent and prosecute the proliferation of hate speech , hate crimes and violence , and to promote social inclusion of minorities and vulnerable populations , including the roma; raises concerns of the limitation to the freedom of movement and criminalisation of migrants and asylum-seekers in some areas;


### 13. expresses concern over the fundamental rights situation , and calls for more effective and comprehensive countrywide human rights and anti-discrimination strategies , as well as measures against interfaith and interethnic intolerance; stresses the need to duly prevent and prosecute the proliferation of hate speech , hate crimes and violence , and to promote social inclusion of minorities and vulnerable populations , including the roma; ### 13. expresses concern over the fundamental rights situation , in particular over the persisting discrimination and hate speech faced by the lgbti+ community , migrants and asylum seekers , as well as ethnic and religious minorities; calls for more effective and comprehensive countrywide human rights and anti-discrimination strategies , as well as measures against interfaith and interethnic intolerance; stresses the need to duly prevent and prosecute the proliferation of hate speech , hate crimes and violence , and to promote social inclusion of minorities and vulnerable populations , including the roma;


### 13. expresses concern over the fundamental rights situation , and calls for more effective and comprehensive countrywide human rights and anti-discrimination strategies , as well as measures against interfaith and interethnic intolerance; stresses the need to duly prevent and prosecute the proliferation of hate speech , hate crimes and violence , and to promote social inclusion of minorities and vulnerable populations , including the roma; ### 13. expresses concern over the fundamental rights situation , specifically the persisting discrimination and hate speech faced by the lgbti community , migrants and asylum seekers , as well as ethnic and religious minorities , and calls for more effective and comprehensive countrywide human rights and anti-discrimination strategies , as well as measures against interfaith and interethnic intolerance; stresses the need to duly prevent and prosecute the proliferation of hate speech , hate crimes and violence , and to promote social inclusion of minorities and vulnerable populations , including the roma;


### 13. expresses concern over the fundamental rights situation , and calls for more effective and comprehensive countrywide human rights and anti-discrimination strategies , as well as measures against interfaith and interethnic intolerance; stresses the need to duly prevent and prosecute the proliferation of hate speech , hate crimes and violence , and to promote social inclusion of minorities and vulnerable populations , including the roma; ### 13. expresses concern over the fundamental rights situation , and calls for more effective and comprehensive countrywide human rights and anti-discrimination strategies , as well as measures against interfaith and interethnic intolerance; stresses the need to duly prevent and prosecute the proliferation of hate speech , hate crimes and violence , specifically faced by the lgbti+ community , migrants , asylum seekers , and ethnic and religious minorities , and to promote social inclusion of minorities and vulnerable populations , including the roma;


### 15. regrets bih’s continued inability to comply with anti-discrimination rulings of the european court of human rights (ecthr); notes the continuing shortcomings in the election process , and reiterates the need to address discriminatory ethnicity and residency-based restrictions on the right to stand for election through the required constitutional changes; ### 15. regrets the continued unwillingness of bih’s party leaders to comply with anti-discrimination rulings of the european court of human rights (ecthr); stresses that any possible future negotiations and agreements on the implementation of the rulings must not be misused for purposes other than the ones laid out by the ecthr; notes the continuing shortcomings in the election process , and reiterates the need to address discriminatory ethnicity and residency-based restrictions on the right to stand for election through the required constitutional changes;


### 15. regrets bih’s continued inability to comply with anti-discrimination rulings of the european court of human rights (ecthr); notes the continuing shortcomings in the election process , and reiterates the need to address discriminatory ethnicity and residency-based restrictions on the right to stand for election through the required constitutional changes; ### 15. regrets bih’s continued inability to comply with anti-discrimination rulings of the european court of human rights (ecthr) and calls for implementing the rulings without further delay; notes the continuing shortcomings in the election process , and reiterates the need to address discriminatory ethnicity and residency-based restrictions on the right to stand for election through the required constitutional changes;


### 16. calls for thorough investigations into alleged electoral irregularities , including identity theft , barriers to independent electoral observation and political pressure on the bih central election commission (cec) , during of the 2020 municipal elections; ### 16. calls for thorough investigations into alleged electoral irregularities , including identity theft , barriers to independent electoral observation and political pressure on the bih central election commission (cec) , during the 2020 municipal elections , specifically in relation to the 20 december 2020 mostar elections;


### 17. regrets continued political and financial pressure and instrumentalisation of the media , undermining freedom of expression and media pluralism; expresses its concern at the hostile environment for independent media , and urges the authorities to effectively investigate and prosecute threats and attacks against journalists and media personnel; ### 17. regrets continued political and financial pressure and instrumentalisation of the media , undermining freedom of expression and media pluralism; expresses its concern at the hostile environment for independent media , and urges the authorities to effectively investigate and prosecute threats and attacks against journalists and media personnel; urges media , information and digital literacy to become a compulsory subject in elementary , secondary and tertiary education institutions;


### 18. insists that the eu must enhance its communication strategy in order to effectively counter disinformation campaigns aimed at diminishing the eu’s credibility in the region; ### 18. insists that the eu must enhance its communication strategy in order to effectively counter disinformation campaigns aimed at diminishing the eu’s credibility in the region; urges the eeas to address disinformation and hybrid threats that seek to undermine the european perspective of the region by more strategically underscoring the eu’s relevance to citizens in the region; stresses the need to improve coordination in order to fight regional disinformation campaigns; calls on the commission to foster the creation of a balkan-focused centre of excellence on disinformation;


### 19. notes the increased migratory pressure on the country; calls for effective inter-institutional coordination of migration and border management in the face of a mounting humanitarian crisis; calls for equitable burden-sharing and adequate support for local communities hosting temporary reception centres; underlines the need to ensure appropriate reception conditions and to boost capacity for processing incoming migrants and asylum-seekers; urges bih to conclude an agreement with the european asylum support office (easo); calls on the eu to step up its support to bih’s authorities , namely with regard to operational assistance; ### 19. notes the increased numbers of migrants and asylum seekers present or transiting the country in recent years; reminds that bih is geographically surrounded by eu member states and strongly denounces that migrants attempting to enter croatia , including to seek international protection in the european union have been violently pushed back by croatia , in flagrant breach of eu human rights , and refugee law and exacerbating the inhuman and degrading conditions of migrants in bih; urgently calls on the commission to hold the croatian government accountable and to start infringement proceedings for the continued patterns of violent pushbacks at the eu border with bih; calls for effective inter-institutional coordination of migration and border management in the face of a mounting humanitarian crisis; calls for equitable responsibility-sharing and adequate support for local communities where reception centres are located; underlines the need to ensure dignified reception conditions and to boost capacity for processing the asylum applications of asylum-seekers; recalls that the european union is providing emergency assistance to bih , with €28 ,5 million of eu funding allocated to bih in december 2020 and january 2021 for the purpose of managing migration and providing humanitarian assistance; highlights that , while emergency funding is needed and crucial to face the current humanitarian crisis in the country in order to ensure dignified reception conditions and access to asylum , the commission should also seek meaningful long-term solutions to the situation faced by migrants and asylum seekers in bih; stresses that the provision of emergency funding and humanitarian aid should not be made conditional on cooperation on migration and border management; calls on the eu to step up its support to bih’s authorities , namely with regard to operational assistance and offering safe and orderly legal pathways , including resettlement for those stranded in bih; calls upon the eu member states to ensure access to asylum for migrants arriving at their borders , in line with the eu asylum acquis , in order to prevent refugees from getting stuck in transit countries without sufficient access to protection; calls upon the bih authorities to ensure decent reception conditions and access to an effective asylum procedure;


### 19. notes the increased migratory pressure on the country; calls for effective inter-institutional coordination of migration and border management in the face of a mounting humanitarian crisis; calls for equitable burden-sharing and adequate support for local communities hosting temporary reception centres; underlines the need to ensure appropriate reception conditions and to boost capacity for processing incoming migrants and asylum-seekers; urges bih to conclude an agreement with the european asylum support office (easo); calls on the eu to step up its support to bih’s authorities , namely with regard to operational assistance; ### 19. notes challenges linked to the increased number of migrants that transit via bih to reach safety in the eu , as well as the increased pushbacks by croatian authorities , including of people who had never been in bih or who had reached italy or slovenia; calls for effective inter-institutional coordination to address the mounting humanitarian crisis; calls for equitable responsibility-sharing and adequate support for local communities hosting temporary reception centres; underlines the need to ensure appropriate reception conditions; calls on the eu to not provide funding to centers that do not comply with dignified reception conditions and to boost capacity for processing incoming migrants and asylum-seekers; urges bih to conclude an agreement with the european asylum support office (easo); calls on the eu to step up its support to bih’s authorities , namely with regard to operational humanitarian assistance and establish a humanitarian corridor and support family reunification procedures for vulnerable asylum-seekers currently stuck in bih;


### 19. notes the increased migratory pressure on the country; calls for effective inter-institutional coordination of migration and border management in the face of a mounting humanitarian crisis; calls for equitable burden-sharing and adequate support for local communities hosting temporary reception centres; underlines the need to ensure appropriate reception conditions and to boost capacity for processing incoming migrants and asylum-seekers; urges bih to conclude an agreement with the european asylum support office (easo); calls on the eu to step up its support to bih’s authorities , namely with regard to operational assistance; ### 19. notes the increased migratory pressure on the country; calls for effective inter-institutional coordination of migration and border management in the face of a mounting humanitarian crisis; calls for equitable sharing of responsibility on the whole territory of bih and adequate support for local communities hosting temporary reception centres; calls in particular on the republika srpska and hdz bih to end their refusal to participate in migratory management; underlines the need to ensure appropriate reception conditions and to boost capacity for processing incoming migrants and asylum-seekers; urges bih to conclude an agreement with the european asylum support office (easo); calls on the eu to step up its support to bih’s authorities , namely with regard to operational assistance;


### 20. urges bih to step up its efforts against cross-border crime , especially human trafficking , and to ensure swift conclusion of the status agreement with the european border and coast guard agency (frontex) that would facilitate better protection of borders in full respect for fundamental rights , while helping fight cross-border crime; ### 20. urges bih to step up its efforts against cross-border crime , especially human trafficking , and to ensure swift conclusion of the status agreement with the european border and coast guard agency (frontex) that would facilitate better protection of borders and ensure the full respect for fundamental rights , while helping fight cross-border crime and illegal migration; calls on the croatian authorities to stop the extensively and credibly documented widespread practice of violent pushbacks of migrants at its external borders towards bih and calls on the european commission to put in place a truly independent monitoring mechanism;


### 21. calls for a co-ordinated , strategic countrywide response to the ongoing health emergency and post-pandemic recovery measures; recalls covid-related eu support to address the acute situation in the country; calls on the european commission and the member states to allocate a sufficient number of covid-19 vaccines to the western balkan countries; ### 21. calls for a co-ordinated , strategic countrywide response to the ongoing health emergency and post-pandemic recovery measures that must reach all individuals affected by the crisis; calls for more proactive information-sharing on the pandemic , including clarifications regarding preventive measures and instructions for citizens , as well as data on infections and vaccinations through official channels; recalls covid-related eu support to address the acute situation in the country; calls on the european commission and the member states to allocate a sufficient number of covid-19 vaccines to the western balkan countries;


### 21. calls for a co-ordinated , strategic countrywide response to the ongoing health emergency and post-pandemic recovery measures; recalls covid-related eu support to address the acute situation in the country; calls on the european commission and the member states to allocate a sufficient number of covid-19 vaccines to the western balkan countries; ### 21. calls for a co-ordinated , strategic countrywide and transparent response to the ongoing health emergency and post-pandemic recovery measures , ensuring an inclusive approach for all individuals; recalls covid-related eu support to address the acute situation in the country; calls on the european commission and the member states to allocate a sufficient number of covid-19vaccines to include the western balkan countries in the covid-19 vaccine distribution schemes without further delay;


### 21. calls for a co-ordinated , strategic countrywide response to the ongoing health emergency and post-pandemic recovery measures; recalls covid-related eu support to address the acute situation in the country; calls on the european commission and the member states to allocate a sufficient number of covid-19 vaccines to the western balkan countries; ### 21. calls for a co-ordinated , strategic , transparent and publicly accessible countrywide response to the ongoing health emergency and post-pandemic recovery measures that must reach all individuals affected by the crisis; recalls covid-related eu support to address the acute situation in the country; calls on the european commission and the member states to allocate a sufficient number of covid-19 vaccines to the western balkan countries;


### 21. calls for a co-ordinated , strategic countrywide response to the ongoing health emergency and post-pandemic recovery measures; recalls covid-related eu support to address the acute situation in the country; calls on the european commission and the member states to allocate a sufficient number of covid-19 vaccines to the western balkan countries; ### 21. calls for a co-ordinated , strategic countrywide response to the ongoing health emergency and post-pandemic recovery measures in full respect of the principle of non discrimination; recalls covid-related eu support to address the acute situation in the country; calls on the european commission and the member states to allocate a sufficient number of covid-19 vaccines to the western balkan countries;


### 25. recommends focusing on growth-enhancing public investment and infrastructure projects , making full use of the economic and investment plan for the western balkans; ### 25. welcomes the commission’s efforts to invest more strategically in the western balkans through a dedicated economic and investment plan (eip) and bosnia’s inclusion in the eip , in particular in terms of regional and cross-border cooperation; stresses that any investment must be in line with the objectives of the paris agreement and eu decarbonisation targets; calls upon the european commission to put forward ex ante environmental impact assessments for each individual eip project , with the obligation to terminate projects which are not in line with the european green deal and climate targets; calls on the commission to focus ipaiii funds on the ongoing democratic transition of bih , more so than infrastructure projects , especially in light of persistent problems with the investment climate , absorption capacity , and environmental standards in bih; recommends focusing on growth-enhancing public investment and infrastructure projects , making full use of the economic and investment plan for the western balkans;


### 25. recommends focusing on growth-enhancing public investment and infrastructure projects , making full use of the economic and investment plan for the western balkans; ### 25. recommends focusing on growth-enhancing public investment and infrastructure projects , making full use of the economic and investment plan for the western balkans; urges the authorities to carry out comprehensive and up-to-date social impact assessments prior to all infrastructure projects to ensure that projects and investments strengthen bih’s european values and perspective;


### 26. urges bih’s authorities to ensure alignment with eu standards and policy objectives on climate protection and energy , facilitating the green and digital transition , and calls for the prioritisation of measures reducing ecological degradation and environmental risks to health; ### 26. urges bih’s authorities to ensure alignment with eu standards and policy objectives on climate protection and energy , facilitating the green and digital transition , and calls for the prioritisation of measures reducing ecological degradation and environmental risks to health; urges bih’s authorities to consult and engage with the main grassroots initiatives focused on preserving the pristine nature of bih’s natural ecosystem , so as to ensure that local communities have a say on their future;


### 26. urges bih’s authorities to ensure alignment with eu standards and policy objectives on climate protection and energy , facilitating the green and digital transition , and calls for the prioritisation of measures reducing ecological degradation and environmental risks to health; ### 26. urges bih’s authorities to ensure alignment with eu standards and policy objectives on climate protection and energy , facilitating the green and digital transition , and calls for the prioritisation of measures reducing ecological degradation and environmental risks to health with a strong focus on improving air quality;


### 28. welcomes the continued presence of eufor’s operation althea in the country and the extension of eufor’s mandate until november 2021; ### 28. welcomes the continued presence of eufor’s operation althea in the country and the extension of eufor’s mandate until november 2021; regrets that the uk chose not to participate in the csdp missions and operations anymore and withdrew from operation eufor althea; questions the current composition of eufor althea , including the presence of staff from non-eu countries;


### 30. reaffirms its position that representatives of the western balkan countries should be engaged in the conference on the future of europe; ### 30. reaffirms its position that representatives of the western balkan countries should be appropriately included and actively engaged in the conference on the future of europe;


### a. whereas corruption is a human rights violation , directly undermining the enjoyment of human rights and disproportionately affecting the most vulnerable groups in society , barring them from equal access to political participation , basic services , justice , natural resources , jobs , education , health and housing , while exacerbating poverty and inequality; ### a. whereas corruption facilitates , perpetuates and institutionalises violations of human rights , directly undermining the observance and implementation of human rights and disproportionately affecting the most vulnerable and marginalised individuals and groups in society , barring them , in particular women , from equal access to political participation , basic services , justice , natural resources , jobs , education , health and housing , while undermining governance , misappropriating wealth and public goods and exacerbating poverty and inequality , in some cases even leading to loss of life;


### b. whereas fighting corruption is an integral part of the international commitments to fulfil human rights , protect the planet and ensure that all people enjoy peace and prosperity by 2030 , in the framework of the un sustainable development goals (sdgs) , particularly sdg 16 to promote just , peaceful and inclusive societies; ### b. whereas fighting corruption is an integral part of the international commitments to fulfil human rights , protect the planet and ensure that all people enjoy peace and prosperity by 2030 , in the framework of the un sustainable development goals (sdgs) , particularly sdg 16 to promote just , peaceful and inclusive societies , which commits the international community notably to strengthen the recovery and return of stolen assets;


### d. whereas corruption undermines institutions , checks and balances and democratic principles , weakens the rule of law , corrodes public trust and impedes sustainable development , leading to the impunity of perpetrators , the illicit enrichment of those in power and power-grabbing to escape prosecution; whereas corruption destabilises peacebuilding efforts; ### d. whereas corruption undermines institutions , checks and balances and democratic principles , weakens the rule of law , corrodes public trust and impedes sustainable development , leading to the impunity of perpetrators , the illicit enrichment of those in power and power-grabbing to escape prosecution; whereas corruption is a major factor of conflict and destabilises peacebuilding efforts;


### j. whereas the adoption of the eu global human rights sanctions regime (eu magnitsky act) is an essential addition to the eu’s toolbox; whereas parliament has requested the extension of its scope to include acts of corruption; whereas the united states , canada and the united kingdom have adopted similar anti-corruption sanctions regimes; ### j. whereas the adoption of the eu global human rights sanctions regime is an essential addition to the eu’s toolbox; whereas parliament has requested the creation of a complementary sanctions regime in order to address acts of corruption; whereas the united states , canada and the united kingdom have adopted such anti-corruption sanctions regimes;


### place the fight against corruption front and centre in all eu efforts and policies promoting human rights and democracy around the world; ### acknowledge the interrelationship between corruption and human rights and thus adopt a human rights-based approach to the fight against corruption , with victims of corruption and state responsibility placed at its core , and place the fight against corruption prominently in eu efforts and policies promoting human rights and democracy around the world;


### insist on the full implementation and enforcement of existing national and international anti-corruption instruments such as the uncac , the un guiding principles on business and human rights and the council of europe’s criminal law convention on corruption; launch an inclusive and comprehensive process to review the eu’s implementation of the uncac; ### insist on the full implementation and enforcement of existing national and international anti-corruption instruments such as the uncac , the un guiding principles on business and human rights and the council of europe’s criminal law convention on corruption; carry out the long-delayed review of the eu’s implementation of the uncac;


### advance efforts in all eu member states to freeze and confiscate stolen assets in their jurisdictions , in line with the uncac , and to return them in a transparent and accountable manner to the country of origin; ### recognise that the return of misappropriated assets stolen by , and the identification of the odious debt contracted under authoritarian regimes are , beyond their economic significance , a moral imperative with significant implications in terms of justice and accountability , as well for the credibility of the union’s democracy support policy; draw lessons from its experience of asset recovery involving the arab spring countries , including with regard to shortcomings in the eu and member states’ legal and policy frameworks , as well as at international level , on this matter; draft a communication outlining possible initiatives at eu and international levels to ensure swift and efficient recovery of illicitly acquired assets following democratic transition processes in third countries and to ensure that there are no safe havens for assets stolen by corrupt regimes within the european financial system in particular and around the globe in general; advance efforts in all eu member states to freeze and confiscate stolen assets in their jurisdictions , in line with the uncac , and to return them in a transparent and accountable manner to the country of origin , including by involving civil society organizations;


### strengthen the credibility of eu external anti-corruption action by more effectively combating corruption and money laundering within the eu; recognise that systemic corruption in some eu member states undermines anti-corruption efforts in third countries; recognise that a lack of determined action , delays and a gap in implementing the anti-corruption regulations within the eu emboldens corrupt actors outside of the eu; ### strengthen the credibility of eu external anti-corruption action by more effectively combating corruption and money laundering within the eu and by stepping up the investigation and prosecution of eu entities and individuals involved in acts of corruption in or involving third countries; recognise that systemic corruption in some eu member states and the failure to effectively prosecute foreign bribery undermines anti-corruption efforts in third countries; recognise that a lack of determined action , delays and a gap in implementing the anti-corruption regulations within the eu emboldens enablers of global corruption within the eu and corrupt actors outside of the eu;


### mainstream a rights-based anti-corruption approach into eu external action in the programming of the neighbourhood , development and international cooperation instrument (ndici) , the instrument for pre-accession assistance (ipa) and the eu trust funds; prioritise binding anti-corruption commitments with targets and timetables; strengthen monitoring and enforcement; improve communication between specialised eu agencies and partners on the ground; invest in digital and data-driven methods to fight corruption; ### mainstream a rights-based anti-corruption approach into eu external action in the programming of the neighbourhood , development and international cooperation instrument (ndici) , the instrument for pre-accession assistance (ipa) and the eu trust funds; prioritise binding anti-corruption commitments with targets and timetables; strengthen monitoring and enforcement; improve communication between specialised eu agencies and partners on the ground; invest in digital and data-driven methods to fight corruption; ensure a consistent , comprehensive and accessible data base of the ultimate beneficiaries of eu funds across the full procurement cycle;


### design programmes under the ipa , the ndici , and the eu trust funds to support anti-corruption capacity building; increase the efficiency of eu spending by including clear programme targets and timelines; ### design programmes under the ipa , the ndici , and the eu trust funds to support anti-corruption capacity building; increase the efficiency of eu spending by including clear programme targets and timelines; enable eu delegations and member states’ embassies to assess and report on corruption in their regular briefings;


### monitor the corruption risks involved in authoritarian third countries’ large-scale construction and investment projects , undertaken globally but also in member states , particularly in the energy and infrastructure sectors; note that these projects often raise concerns of non-transparent financing or fiscal risks; proceed with the swift implementation of the eu’s ‘globally connected europe’ programme , approved by the council on 12 july 2021 , with the potential to counter these efforts; ### monitor the corruption risks involved in third countries’ large-scale construction and investment projects , undertaken globally but also in member states , particularly in the energy , extractive , infrastructure and arms sectors; note that these projects often raise concerns of non-transparent financing or fiscal risks; proceed with the swift implementation of the eu’s ‘globally connected europe’ programme , approved by the council on 12 july 2021 , with the potential to counter these efforts;


### design programmes to provide more financial support to csos , independent media , whistleblowers and hrds working on preventing and exposing corruption , advancing transparency and accountability , including support against strategic lawsuits (strategic lawsuits against public participation , slapp suits); improve smaller csos’ access to eu funding; ### design programmes to promote the adoption and implementation of comprehensive legislation on whistleblower protection and to provide more financial support to csos , independent media , whistleblowers and hrds working on preventing and exposing corruption , advancing transparency and accountability , including support against strategic lawsuits (strategic lawsuits against public participation , slapp suits) and the establishment of an ambitious and effective eu anti-slapp directive , that also ensures protection from judicial harassment triggered in relation to the denunciation of corruption cases outside eu borders; improve smaller csos’ access to eu funding;


### strengthen protection of whistleblowers and anti-corruption hrds , including through temporary visa schemes; ### strengthen protection of witnesses , whistleblowers and anti-corruption hrds , including through the allocation of dedicated resources to eu delegations and member states representations , the issuing of emergency visas and providing temporary shelter in eu member states;


### welcome the landmark political declaration on corruption adopted by the un general assembly and take this opportunity to follow up on its recommendations and strengthen cooperation with un bodies such as the office of the high commissioner for human rights (ohchr) and the un office on drugs and crime (unodc); ### welcome the landmark political declaration on corruption adopted by the un general assembly and take this opportunity to follow up on its recommendations and strengthen cooperation with un bodies such as the office of the high commissioner for human rights (ohchr) and the un office on drugs and crime (unodc); insist on the importance of systematic civil society participation in un-level discussions and monitoring mechanisms on corruption;


### encourage a deepening of international commitments to put anti-corruption at the heart of the sdgs as an avenue for fighting global poverty , and for the fulfilment of economic , social and cultural rights , with special attention to the right to education; ### encourage a deepening of international commitments to put anti-corruption at the heart of the sdgs as an avenue for fighting global poverty , and for the fulfilment of economic , social and cultural rights , with special attention to the right to education; make fighting corruption in education and health-care sectors a priority;


### advance discussions about an international infrastructure to address the impunity of powerful individuals involved in large-scale corruption cases , including international investigative mechanisms , prosecutors and courts; ### support the establishment of an international anti-corruption court , which would serve as a court of last resort to prosecute cases of grand corruption; advance discussions about an international infrastructure to address the impunity of powerful individuals involved in large-scale corruption cases , including international investigative mechanisms , prosecutors and courts;


### sanctioning corruption through the eu magnitsky act ### sanctioning corruption through a new eu anti-corruption sanctions regime


### (af) swiftly come forward with a legislative proposal to amend the current eu global human rights sanctions regime by extending its scope to include acts of corruption; note the risk of corrupt actors moving their assets to the eu as more and more countries adopt stricter frameworks; ### (af) swiftly come forward with a legislative proposal to complement the current eu global human rights sanctions regime by establishing a new eu thematic sanctions regime , dedicated to address acts of corruption; address the particular responsibility of individuals and entities that enable corruption; note the risk of corrupt actors moving their assets to the eu as more and more countries adopt stricter frameworks;


### — having regard to the council conclusions of 20 january 2020 on climate diplomacy , ### — having regard to the council conclusions of 20 january 2020 and of 25 january 2021 on climate diplomacy ,


### — having regard to the council conclusions of 17 june 2020 on security and defence , ### — having regard to the council conclusions of 17 june 2020 and of 10 may 2021 on security and defence ,


### c. whereas the climate crisis affects both human and state security; whereas global warming intersects in various ways with political , ethnic and socio-economic dynamics , and is a direct driver of conflict in that it increases disaster risks and places additional pressure on ecosystems , thereby threatening people’s livelihoods , water and food security , and critical infrastructure , by , inter alia , instigating land-use change; ### c. whereas the climate crisis affects both human and state security; whereas global warming intersects in various ways with political , ethnic and socio-economic dynamics , and is a direct driver of conflict in that it increases disaster risks and places additional pressure on ecosystems , thereby threatening people’s livelihoods , water and food security , and critical infrastructure , by , inter alia , instigating land-use change and environmental degradation;


### f. whereas , according to the european defence agency (eda) , transport fuels accounted for 52 % of the energy consumption of the 22 member states which provided data for 2016 and 2017; whereas , according to the same eda survey , military infrastructure and buildings represent another large consumer of energy , with heating alone having accounted , on average , for 32 % of member states’ armed forces’ energy consumption in 2017 , 75 % of which was generated by oil fuels and natural gas; ### f. whereas , according to the european defence agency (eda) , transport fuels accounted for 52 % of the energy consumption of the 22 member states which provided data for 2016 and 2017 (countries standing for 96 ,9% of eda member states’ overall defence expenditure); whereas , according to the same eda survey , military infrastructure and buildings represent another large consumer of energy , with heating alone having accounted , on average , for 32 % of member states’ armed forces’ energy consumption in 2017 , 75 % of which was generated by oil fuels and natural gas;


### g. whereas the defence sector is not mentioned in the 2015 paris agreement , leaving it to national governments to decide whether to include mitigation efforts by the defence sector in their national commitments towards the united nations framework convention on climate change (unfccc); ### g. whereas the defence sector is not mentioned in the 2015 paris agreement , leaving it to national governments to decide whether to include mitigation efforts by the defence sector in their national commitments towards the united nations framework convention on climate change (unfccc); whereas all sectors must contribute to the reduction of emissions and at the same time adapt to climate change to reach the union’s carbon neutrality objectives and to maintain operational effectiveness;