### (42) the conditions under which gatekeepers provide online advertising services to business users including both advertisers and publishers are often non-transparent and opaque. this opacity is partly linked to the practices of a few platforms , but is also due to the sheer complexity of modern day programmatic advertising. the sector is considered to have become more non-transparent after the introduction of new privacy legislation , and is expected to become even more opaque with the announced removal of third-party cookies. this often leads to a lack of information and knowledge for advertisers and publishers about the conditions of the advertising services they purchased and undermines their ability to switch to alternative providers of online advertising services. furthermore , the costs of online advertising are likely to be higher than they would be in a fairer , more transparent and contestable platform environment. these higher costs are likely to be reflected in the prices that end users pay for many daily products and services relying on the use of online advertising. transparency obligations should therefore require gatekeepers to provide advertisers and publishers to whom they supply online advertising services , when requested and to the extent possible , with information that allows both sides to understand the price paid for each of the different advertising services provided as part of the relevant advertising value chain. ### (42) the conditions under which gatekeepers provide targeted online advertising services based on contextual information to business users including both advertisers and publishers are often non-transparent and opaque. this opacity is partly linked to the practices of a few platforms , but is also due to the sheer complexity of modern day programmatic advertising. furthermore , the costs of online advertising are likely to be higher than they would be in a fairer , more transparent and contestable platform environment. these higher costs are likely to be reflected in the prices that end users pay for many daily products and services relying on the use of online advertising. transparency obligations should therefore require gatekeepers to provide advertisers and publishers to whom they supply targeted online advertising services based on contextual information , when requested and to the extent possible , with information that allows both sides to understand the price paid for each of the different advertising services provided as part of the relevant advertising value chain.


### (42) the conditions under which gatekeepers provide online advertising services to business users including both advertisers and publishers are often non-transparent and opaque. this opacity is partly linked to the practices of a few platforms , but is also due to the sheer complexity of modern day programmatic advertising. the sector is considered to have become more non-transparent after the introduction of new privacy legislation , and is expected to become even more opaque with the announced removal of third-party cookies. this often leads to a lack of information and knowledge for advertisers and publishers about the conditions of the advertising services they purchased and undermines their ability to switch to alternative providers of online advertising services. furthermore , the costs of online advertising are likely to be higher than they would be in a fairer , more transparent and contestable platform environment. these higher costs are likely to be reflected in the prices that end users pay for many daily products and services relying on the use of online advertising. transparency obligations should therefore require gatekeepers to provide advertisers and publishers to whom they supply online advertising services , when requested and to the extent possible , with information that allows both sides to understand the price paid for each of the different advertising services provided as part of the relevant advertising value chain. ### (42) the conditions under which gatekeepers provide online advertising services to business users including both advertisers and publishers are often non-transparent and opaque. this opacity is partly linked to the practices of a few platforms , but is also due to the sheer complexity of modern day programmatic advertising. this often leads to a lack of information and knowledge for advertisers and publishers about the conditions of the advertising services they purchased and undermines their ability to switch to alternative providers of online advertising services. furthermore , the costs of online advertising are likely to be higher than they would be in a fairer , more transparent and contestable platform environment. these higher costs are likely to be reflected in the prices that end users pay for many daily products and services relying on the use of online advertising. transparency obligations should therefore require gatekeepers to provide advertisers and publishers to whom they supply online advertising services , when requested and to the extent possible , with information that allows both sides to understand the price paid for each of the different advertising services provided as part of the relevant advertising value chain.


### (47) the rules that the gatekeepers set for the distribution of software applications may in certain circumstances restrict the ability of end users to install and effectively use third party software applications or software application stores on operating systems or hardware of the relevant gatekeeper and restrict the ability of end users to access these software applications or software application stores outside the core platform services of that gatekeeper. such restrictions may limit the ability of developers of software applications to use alternative distribution channels and the ability of end users to choose between different software applications from different distribution channels and should be prohibited as unfair and liable to weaken the contestability of core platform services. in order to ensure that third party software applications or software application stores do not endanger the integrity of the hardware or operating system provided by the gatekeeper the gatekeeper concerned may implement proportionate technical or contractual measures to achieve that goal if the gatekeeper demonstrates that such measures are necessary and justified and that there are no less restrictive means to safeguard the integrity of the hardware or operating system. ### (47) the rules that the gatekeepers set for the distribution of software applications may in certain circumstances restrict the ability of end users to install and effectively use third party software applications or software application stores or repositories on operating systems or hardware of the relevant gatekeeper and restrict the ability of end users to access these software applications or software application stores or repositories outside the core platform services of that gatekeeper. such restrictions may limit the ability of developers of software applications to use alternative distribution channels and the ability of end users to choose between different software applications from different distribution channels and should be prohibited as unfair and liable to weaken the contestability of core platform services. in order to ensure that third party software applications or software application stores do not endanger the integrity of the hardware or operating system provided by the gatekeeper the gatekeeper concerned may implement proportionate technical or contractual measures to achieve that goal if the gatekeeper demonstrates that such measures are necessary and justified and that there are no less restrictive means to safeguard the integrity of the hardware or operating system.


### (47) the rules that the gatekeepers set for the distribution of software applications may in certain circumstances restrict the ability of end users to install and effectively use third party software applications or software application stores on operating systems or hardware of the relevant gatekeeper and restrict the ability of end users to access these software applications or software application stores outside the core platform services of that gatekeeper. such restrictions may limit the ability of developers of software applications to use alternative distribution channels and the ability of end users to choose between different software applications from different distribution channels and should be prohibited as unfair and liable to weaken the contestability of core platform services. in order to ensure that third party software applications or software application stores do not endanger the integrity of the hardware or operating system provided by the gatekeeper the gatekeeper concerned may implement proportionate technical or contractual measures to achieve that goal if the gatekeeper demonstrates that such measures are necessary and justified and that there are no less restrictive means to safeguard the integrity of the hardware or operating system. ### (47) the rules that the gatekeepers set for the distribution of software applications may in certain circumstances restrict the ability of end users to install and effectively use third party software applications or software application stores or repositories on operating systems or hardware of the relevant gatekeeper and restrict the ability of end users to access these software applications or software application stores or repositories outside the core platform services of that gatekeeper. such restrictions may limit the ability of developers of software applications to use alternative distribution channels and the ability of end users to choose between different software applications from different distribution channels and should be prohibited as unfair and liable to weaken the contestability of core platform services.


### (47) the rules that the gatekeepers set for the distribution of software applications may in certain circumstances restrict the ability of end users to install and effectively use third party software applications or software application stores on operating systems or hardware of the relevant gatekeeper and restrict the ability of end users to access these software applications or software application stores outside the core platform services of that gatekeeper. such restrictions may limit the ability of developers of software applications to use alternative distribution channels and the ability of end users to choose between different software applications from different distribution channels and should be prohibited as unfair and liable to weaken the contestability of core platform services. in order to ensure that third party software applications or software application stores do not endanger the integrity of the hardware or operating system provided by the gatekeeper the gatekeeper concerned may implement proportionate technical or contractual measures to achieve that goal if the gatekeeper demonstrates that such measures are necessary and justified and that there are no less restrictive means to safeguard the integrity of the hardware or operating system. ### deleted


### (48) gatekeepers are often vertically integrated and offer certain products or services to end users through their own core platform services , or through a business user over which they exercise control which frequently leads to conflicts of interest. this can include the situation whereby a gatekeeper offers its own online intermediation services through an online search engine. when offering those products or services on the core platform service , gatekeepers can reserve a better position to their own offering , in terms of ranking , as opposed to the products of third parties also operating on that core platform service. this can occur for instance with products or services , including other core platform services , which are ranked in the results communicated by online search engines , or which are partly or entirely embedded in online search engines results , groups of results specialised in a certain topic , displayed along with the results of an online search engine , which are considered or used by certain end users as a service distinct or additional to the online search engine. other instances are those of software applications which are distributed through software application stores , or products or services that are given prominence and display in the newsfeed of a social network , or products or services ranked in search results or displayed on an online marketplace. in those circumstances , the gatekeeper is in a dual-role position as intermediary for third party providers and as direct provider of products or services of the gatekeeper. consequently , these gatekeepers have the ability to undermine directly the contestability for those products or services on these core platform services , to the detriment of business users which are not controlled by the gatekeeper. ### (48) gatekeepers are often vertically integrated and offer certain products or services to end users through their own core platform services , or through a business user over which they exercise control which frequently leads to conflicts of interest. this can include the situation whereby a gatekeeper offers its own online intermediation services through an online search engine. when offering those products or services on the core platform service , gatekeepers can reserve a better position to their own offering , in terms of ranking , as opposed to the products of third parties also operating on that core platform service. this can occur for instance with products or services , including other core platform services , which are ranked in the results communicated by online search engines , or which are partly or entirely embedded in online search engines results , groups of results specialised in a certain topic , displayed along with the results of an online search engine , which are considered or used by certain end users as a service distinct or additional to the online search engine. other instances are those of software applications which are distributed through software application stores , or products or services that are given prominence and display in the newsfeed of a social network , or products or services ranked in search results , displayed on an online marketplace or in results provided to a search through virtual assistants. in those circumstances , the gatekeeper is in a dual-role position as intermediary for third party providers and as direct provider of products or services of the gatekeeper. consequently , these gatekeepers have the ability to undermine directly the contestability for those products or services on these core platform services , to the detriment of business users which are not controlled by the gatekeeper.


### (48) gatekeepers are often vertically integrated and offer certain products or services to end users through their own core platform services , or through a business user over which they exercise control which frequently leads to conflicts of interest. this can include the situation whereby a gatekeeper offers its own online intermediation services through an online search engine. when offering those products or services on the core platform service , gatekeepers can reserve a better position to their own offering , in terms of ranking , as opposed to the products of third parties also operating on that core platform service. this can occur for instance with products or services , including other core platform services , which are ranked in the results communicated by online search engines , or which are partly or entirely embedded in online search engines results , groups of results specialised in a certain topic , displayed along with the results of an online search engine , which are considered or used by certain end users as a service distinct or additional to the online search engine. other instances are those of software applications which are distributed through software application stores , or products or services that are given prominence and display in the newsfeed of a social network , or products or services ranked in search results or displayed on an online marketplace. in those circumstances , the gatekeeper is in a dual-role position as intermediary for third party providers and as direct provider of products or services of the gatekeeper. consequently , these gatekeepers have the ability to undermine directly the contestability for those products or services on these core platform services , to the detriment of business users which are not controlled by the gatekeeper. ### (48) gatekeepers are often vertically integrated and offer certain products or services to end users through their own core platform services , or through a business user over which they exercise control which frequently leads to conflicts of interest. this can include the situation whereby a gatekeeper offers its own online intermediation services through an online search engine. when offering those products or services on the core platform service , gatekeepers can reserve a better position to their own offering , in terms of ranking , as opposed to the products of third parties also operating on that core platform service. this can occur for instance with products or services , including other core platform services , which are ranked in the results communicated by online search engines , or which are partly or entirely embedded in online search engines results , groups of results specialised in a certain topic , displayed along with the results of an online search engine , which are considered or used by certain end users as a service distinct or additional to the online search engine. other instances are those of software applications which are distributed through software application stores , or products or services that are given prominence and display in the newsfeed of a social network , or products or services ranked in search results or displayed on an online marketplace or in results provided to a search through virtual assistants. in those circumstances , the gatekeeper is in a dual-role position as intermediary for third party providers and as direct provider of products or services of the gatekeeper. consequently , these gatekeepers have the ability to undermine directly the contestability for those products or services on these core platform services , to the detriment of business users which are not controlled by the gatekeeper.


### (50) gatekeepers should not restrict or prevent the free choice of end users by technically preventing switching between or subscription to different software applications and services. this would allow more providers to offer their services , thereby ultimately providing greater choice to the end user. gatekeepers should ensure a free choice irrespective of whether they are the manufacturer of any hardware by means of which such software applications or services are accessed and shall not raise artificial technical barriers so as to make switching impossible or ineffective. the mere offering of a given product or service to consumers , including by means of pre-installation , as well as the improvement of the offering to end users , such as price reductions or increased quality , should not be construed as constituting a prohibited barrier to switching. ### (50) gatekeepers should not restrict or prevent the free choice of end users by technically preventing switching between or subscription to different software applications and services. this would allow more providers to offer their services , thereby ultimately providing greater choice to the end user. gatekeepers should ensure a free choice irrespective of whether they are the manufacturer of any hardware by means of which such software applications or services are accessed and shall not raise artificial technical barriers so as to make switching impossible or ineffective.


### (50) gatekeepers should not restrict or prevent the free choice of end users by technically preventing switching between or subscription to different software applications and services. this would allow more providers to offer their services , thereby ultimately providing greater choice to the end user. gatekeepers should ensure a free choice irrespective of whether they are the manufacturer of any hardware by means of which such software applications or services are accessed and shall not raise artificial technical barriers so as to make switching impossible or ineffective. the mere offering of a given product or service to consumers , including by means of pre-installation , as well as the improvement of the offering to end users , such as price reductions or increased quality , should not be construed as constituting a prohibited barrier to switching. ### (50) gatekeepers should not restrict or prevent the free choice of end users by technically preventing switching between or subscription to different software applications and services. this would allow more providers to offer their services , thereby ultimately providing greater choice to the end user. gatekeepers should ensure a free choice irrespective of whether they are the manufacturer of any hardware by means of which such software applications or services are accessed and shall not raise artificial technical barriers so as to make switching impossible or ineffective. the offering of a given product or service to consumers , including by means of pre-installation , as well as the improvement of the offering to end users , such as price reductions or increased quality , constitutes a barrier to switching and needs to be taken into account in the process of applying remedies.


### (53) the conditions under which gatekeepers provide online advertising services to business users including both advertisers and publishers are often non-transparent and opaque. this often leads to a lack of information for advertisers and publishers about the effect of a given ad. to further enhance fairness , transparency and contestability of online advertising services designated under this regulation as well as those that are fully integrated with other core platform services of the same provider , the designated gatekeepers should therefore provide advertisers and publishers , when requested , with free of charge access to the performance measuring tools of the gatekeeper and the information necessary for advertisers , advertising agencies acting on behalf of a company placing advertising , as well as for publishers to carry out their own independent verification of the provision of the relevant online advertising services. ### (53) the conditions under which gatekeepers provide targeted online advertising services based on contextual information to business users including both advertisers and publishers are often non-transparent and opaque. this often leads to a lack of information for advertisers and publishers about the effect of a given ad. to further enhance fairness , transparency and contestability of online advertising services designated under this regulation as well as those that are fully integrated with other core platform services of the same provider , the designated gatekeepers should therefore provide advertisers and publishers , when requested , with free of charge access to the performance measuring tools of the gatekeeper for the purpose of targeted digital advertising based on contextual information and the information necessary for advertisers , advertising agencies acting on behalf of a company placing advertising , as well as for publishers to carry out their own independent verification of the provision of the relevant online advertising services.


### (53) the conditions under which gatekeepers provide online advertising services to business users including both advertisers and publishers are often non-transparent and opaque. this often leads to a lack of information for advertisers and publishers about the effect of a given ad. to further enhance fairness , transparency and contestability of online advertising services designated under this regulation as well as those that are fully integrated with other core platform services of the same provider , the designated gatekeepers should therefore provide advertisers and publishers , when requested , with free of charge access to the performance measuring tools of the gatekeeper and the information necessary for advertisers , advertising agencies acting on behalf of a company placing advertising , as well as for publishers to carry out their own independent verification of the provision of the relevant online advertising services. ### (53) the conditions under which gatekeepers provide targeted online advertising services based on contextual information to business users including both advertisers and publishers are often non-transparent and opaque. this often leads to a lack of information for advertisers and publishers about the effect of a given ad. to further enhance fairness , transparency and contestability of online advertising services designated under this regulation as well as those that are fully integrated with other core platform services of the same provider , the designated gatekeepers should therefore provide advertisers and publishers , when requested , with free of charge access to the performance measuring tools of the gatekeeper for the purpose of targeted digital advertising based on contextual information and the information necessary for advertisers , advertising agencies acting on behalf of a company placing advertising , as well as for publishers to carry out their own independent verification of the provision of the relevant online advertising inventory.


### (54) gatekeepers benefit from access to vast amounts of data that they collect while providing the core platform services as well as other digital services. to ensure that gatekeepers do not undermine the contestability of core platform services as well as the innovation potential of the dynamic digital sector by restricting the ability of business users to effectively port their data , business users and end users should be granted effective and immediate access to the data they provided or generated in the context of their use of the relevant core platform services of the gatekeeper , in a structured , commonly used and machine-readable format. this should apply also to any other data at different levels of aggregation that may be necessary to effectively enable such portability. it should also be ensured that business users and end users can port that data in real time effectively , such as for example through high quality application programming interfaces. facilitating switching or multi-homing should lead , in turn , to an increased choice for business users and end users and an incentive for gatekeepers and business users to innovate. ### (54) gatekeepers benefit from access to vast amounts of data that they collect while providing the core platform services as well as other digital services. to ensure that gatekeepers do not undermine the contestability of core platform services as well as the innovation potential of the dynamic digital sector by restricting the ability of business users to effectively port their data , business users and end users should be granted effective and immediate access to the data they provided or generated in the context of their use of the relevant core platform services of the gatekeeper , in a structured , commonly used and machine-readable format. this should apply also to any other data at different levels of aggregation that may be necessary to effectively enable portability of end users' data. it should also be ensured that business users and end users can port that data in real time effectively , such as for example through high quality application programming interfaces. facilitating switching or multi-homing should lead , in turn , to an increased choice for business users and end users and an incentive for gatekeepers and business users to innovate.


### (54) gatekeepers benefit from access to vast amounts of data that they collect while providing the core platform services as well as other digital services. to ensure that gatekeepers do not undermine the contestability of core platform services as well as the innovation potential of the dynamic digital sector by restricting the ability of business users to effectively port their data , business users and end users should be granted effective and immediate access to the data they provided or generated in the context of their use of the relevant core platform services of the gatekeeper , in a structured , commonly used and machine-readable format. this should apply also to any other data at different levels of aggregation that may be necessary to effectively enable such portability. it should also be ensured that business users and end users can port that data in real time effectively , such as for example through high quality application programming interfaces. facilitating switching or multi-homing should lead , in turn , to an increased choice for business users and end users and an incentive for gatekeepers and business users to innovate. ### (54) gatekeepers benefit from access to vast amounts of data that they collect while providing the core platform services as well as other digital services. to ensure that gatekeepers do not undermine the contestability of core platform services as well as the innovation potential of the dynamic digital sector by restricting the ability of business users to effectively port their data , business users and end users should be granted effective and immediate access to the data they respectively provided or generated in the context of their use of the relevant core platform services of the gatekeeper , in a structured , commonly used and machine-readable format. this should apply also to any other data at different levels of aggregation that may be necessary to effectively enable portability of end user data. it should also be ensured that business users and end users can port that data in real time effectively , such as for example through high quality application programming interfaces. facilitating switching or multi-homing should lead , in turn , to an increased choice for business users and end users and an incentive for gatekeepers and business users to innovate.


### (55) business users that use large core platform services provided by gatekeepers and end users of such business users provide and generate a vast amount of data , including data inferred from such use. in order to ensure that business users have access to the relevant data thus generated , the gatekeeper should , upon their request , allow unhindered access , free of charge , to such data. such access should also be given to third parties contracted by the business user , who are acting as processors of this data for the business user. data provided or generated by the same business users and the same end users of these business users in the context of other services provided by the same gatekeeper may be concerned where this is inextricably linked to the relevant request. to this end , a gatekeeper should not use any contractual or other restrictions to prevent business users from accessing relevant data and should enable business users to obtain consent of their end users for such data access and retrieval , where such consent is required under regulation (eu) 2016/679 and directive 2002/58/ec. gatekeepers should also facilitate access to these data in real time by means of appropriate technical measures , such as for example putting in place high quality application programming interfaces. ### (55) business users that use large core platform services provided by gatekeepers and end users of such business users provide and generate a vast amount of data. in order to ensure that business users have access to the relevant data thus generated , the gatekeeper should , upon their request , allow unhindered access , free of charge , to aggregated , non-personal data. such access should also be given to third parties contracted by the business user , who are acting as processors of this data for the business user. gatekeepers should also facilitate access to these data in real time by means of appropriate technical measures , such as for example putting in place high quality application programming interfaces.


### (55) business users that use large core platform services provided by gatekeepers and end users of such business users provide and generate a vast amount of data , including data inferred from such use. in order to ensure that business users have access to the relevant data thus generated , the gatekeeper should , upon their request , allow unhindered access , free of charge , to such data. such access should also be given to third parties contracted by the business user , who are acting as processors of this data for the business user. data provided or generated by the same business users and the same end users of these business users in the context of other services provided by the same gatekeeper may be concerned where this is inextricably linked to the relevant request. to this end , a gatekeeper should not use any contractual or other restrictions to prevent business users from accessing relevant data and should enable business users to obtain consent of their end users for such data access and retrieval , where such consent is required under regulation (eu) 2016/679 and directive 2002/58/ec. gatekeepers should also facilitate access to these data in real time by means of appropriate technical measures , such as for example putting in place high quality application programming interfaces. ### (55) business users that use large core platform services provided by gatekeepers and end users of such business users provide and generate a vast amount of data , including data inferred from such use. in order to ensure that business users have access to the relevant data thus generated , the gatekeeper should , upon their request , allow unhindered access , free of charge , to aggregated , non-personal data. such access should also be given to third parties contracted by the business user , who are acting as processors of this data for the business user. data provided or generated by the same business users and the same end users of these business users in the context of other services provided by the same gatekeeper may be concerned where this is inextricably linked to the relevant request. to this end , a gatekeeper should not use any contractual or other restrictions to prevent business users from accessing relevant data and should enable business users to obtain consent of their end users for such data access and retrieval , where such consent is required under regulation (eu) 2016/679 and directive 2002/58/ec. gatekeepers should also facilitate access to these data in real time by means of appropriate technical measures , such as for example putting in place high quality application programming interfaces.


### (55) business users that use large core platform services provided by gatekeepers and end users of such business users provide and generate a vast amount of data , including data inferred from such use. in order to ensure that business users have access to the relevant data thus generated , the gatekeeper should , upon their request , allow unhindered access , free of charge , to such data. such access should also be given to third parties contracted by the business user , who are acting as processors of this data for the business user. data provided or generated by the same business users and the same end users of these business users in the context of other services provided by the same gatekeeper may be concerned where this is inextricably linked to the relevant request. to this end , a gatekeeper should not use any contractual or other restrictions to prevent business users from accessing relevant data and should enable business users to obtain consent of their end users for such data access and retrieval , where such consent is required under regulation (eu) 2016/679 and directive 2002/58/ec. gatekeepers should also facilitate access to these data in real time by means of appropriate technical measures , such as for example putting in place high quality application programming interfaces. ### (55) business users that use large core platform services provided by gatekeepers and end users of such business users provide and generate a vast amount of data. in order to ensure that business users have access to the relevant data thus generated , the gatekeeper should , upon their request , allow unhindered access , free of charge , to aggregated and non-aggregated non-personal data. such access should also be given to third parties contracted by the business user , who are acting as processors of this data for the business user. gatekeepers should also facilitate access to these data in real time by means of appropriate technical measures , such as for example putting in place high quality application programming interfaces.


### (56) the value of online search engines to their respective business users and end users increases as the total number of such users increases. providers of online search engines collect and store aggregated datasets containing information about what users searched for , and how they interacted with , the results that they were served. providers of online search engine services collect these data from searches undertaken on their own online search engine service and , where applicable , searches undertaken on the platforms of their downstream commercial partners. access by gatekeepers to such ranking , query , click and view data constitutes an important barrier to entry and expansion , which undermines the contestability of online search engine services. gatekeepers should therefore be obliged to provide access , on fair , reasonable and non-discriminatory terms , to these ranking , query , click and view data in relation to free and paid search generated by consumers on online search engine services to other providers of such services , so that these third-party providers can optimise their services and contest the relevant core platform services. such access should also be given to third parties contracted by a search engine provider , who are acting as processors of this data for that search engine. when providing access to its search data , a gatekeeper should ensure the protection of the personal data of end users by appropriate means , without substantially degrading the quality or usefulness of the data. ### deleted


### (56) the value of online search engines to their respective business users and end users increases as the total number of such users increases. providers of online search engines collect and store aggregated datasets containing information about what users searched for , and how they interacted with , the results that they were served. providers of online search engine services collect these data from searches undertaken on their own online search engine service and , where applicable , searches undertaken on the platforms of their downstream commercial partners. access by gatekeepers to such ranking , query , click and view data constitutes an important barrier to entry and expansion , which undermines the contestability of online search engine services. gatekeepers should therefore be obliged to provide access , on fair , reasonable and non-discriminatory terms , to these ranking , query , click and view data in relation to free and paid search generated by consumers on online search engine services to other providers of such services , so that these third-party providers can optimise their services and contest the relevant core platform services. such access should also be given to third parties contracted by a search engine provider , who are acting as processors of this data for that search engine. when providing access to its search data , a gatekeeper should ensure the protection of the personal data of end users by appropriate means , without substantially degrading the quality or usefulness of the data. ### (56) the value of online search engines to their respective business users and end users increases as the total number of such users increases. providers of online search engines collect and store aggregated datasets containing information about what users searched for , and how they interacted with , the results that they were served. providers of online search engine services collect these data from searches undertaken on their own online search engine service and , where applicable , searches undertaken on the platforms of their downstream commercial partners. access by gatekeepers to such ranking , query , click and view data constitutes an important barrier to entry and expansion , which undermines the contestability of online search engine services. gatekeepers should therefore be obliged to provide access , on fair , reasonable and non-discriminatory terms , to these ranking , query , click and view data in relation to free and paid search generated by consumers on online search engine services provided that the gatekeeper is able to demonstrate that anonymised query , click and view data have been adequately tested against possible re-identification risks. such access should also be given to third parties contracted by a search engine provider , who are acting as processors of this data for that search engine. when providing access to its search data , a gatekeeper should ensure the protection of the personal data of end users by appropriate means.


### (56) the value of online search engines to their respective business users and end users increases as the total number of such users increases. providers of online search engines collect and store aggregated datasets containing information about what users searched for , and how they interacted with , the results that they were served. providers of online search engine services collect these data from searches undertaken on their own online search engine service and , where applicable , searches undertaken on the platforms of their downstream commercial partners. access by gatekeepers to such ranking , query , click and view data constitutes an important barrier to entry and expansion , which undermines the contestability of online search engine services. gatekeepers should therefore be obliged to provide access , on fair , reasonable and non-discriminatory terms , to these ranking , query , click and view data in relation to free and paid search generated by consumers on online search engine services to other providers of such services , so that these third-party providers can optimise their services and contest the relevant core platform services. such access should also be given to third parties contracted by a search engine provider , who are acting as processors of this data for that search engine. when providing access to its search data , a gatekeeper should ensure the protection of the personal data of end users by appropriate means , without substantially degrading the quality or usefulness of the data. ### (56) the value of online search engines to their respective business users and end users increases as the total number of such users increases. providers of online search engines collect and store aggregated datasets containing information about what users searched for , and how they interacted with , the results that they were served. providers of online search engine services collect these data from searches undertaken on their own online search engine service and , where applicable , searches undertaken on the platforms of their downstream commercial partners. access by gatekeepers to such ranking , query , click and view data constitutes an important barrier to entry and expansion , which undermines the contestability of online search engine services. gatekeepers should therefore be obliged to provide access , on fair , reasonable and non-discriminatory terms , to these ranking , query , click and view data in relation to free and paid search generated by consumers on online search engine services to other providers of such services , so that these third-party providers can optimise their services and contest the relevant core platform services provided that the gatekeeper is able to demonstrate that anonymised query , click and view data have been adequately tested against possible re-identification risks. such access should also be given to third parties contracted by a search engine provider , who are acting as processors of this data for that search engine. when providing access to its search data , a gatekeeper should ensure the protection of the personal data of end users by appropriate means.


### (61) the data protection and privacy interests of end users are relevant to any assessment of potential negative effects of the observed practice of gatekeepers to collect and accumulate large amounts of data from end users. ensuring an adequate level of transparency of profiling practices employed by gatekeepers facilitates contestability of core platform services , by putting external pressure on gatekeepers to prevent making deep consumer profiling the industry standard , given that potential entrants or start-up providers cannot access data to the same extent and depth , and at a similar scale. enhanced transparency should allow other providers of core platform services to differentiate themselves better through the use of superior privacy guaranteeing facilities. to ensure a minimum level of effectiveness of this transparency obligation , gatekeepers should at least provide a description of the basis upon which profiling is performed , including whether personal data and data derived from user activity is relied on , the processing applied , the purpose for which the profile is prepared and eventually used , the impact of such profiling on the gatekeeper’s services , and the steps taken to enable end users to be aware of the relevant use of such profiling , as well as to seek their consent. ### (61) the data protection and privacy interests of end users are relevant to any assessment of potential negative effects of the observed practice of gatekeepers to collect and accumulate large amounts of data from end users. ensuring an adequate level of transparency of profiling practices employed by gatekeepers facilitates contestability of core platform services , by putting external pressure on gatekeepers to prevent making deep consumer profiling the industry standard , given that potential entrants or start-up providers cannot access data to the same extent and depth , and at a similar scale. enhanced transparency should allow other providers of core platform services to differentiate themselves better through the use of superior privacy guaranteeing facilities. to ensure a minimum level of effectiveness of this transparency obligation , gatekeepers should at least provide a description of the basis upon which profiling is performed , including whether personal data and data derived from user activity is relied on , the processing applied , the purpose for which the profile is prepared and eventually used , the impact of such profiling on the gatekeeper’s services , and the steps taken to enable end users to be aware of the relevant use of such profiling , as well as to seek their consent. the commission shall develop , in consultation with the eu data protection supervisor , the european data protection board , civil society and experts , the standards and process of the audit. the audited description , as well as any relevant materials that is collected in the context of supervising the gatekeepers that relate to the processing of personal data , shall be shared by the commission with any competent supervisory authority represented in the european data protection board , upon its request.


### (61) the data protection and privacy interests of end users are relevant to any assessment of potential negative effects of the observed practice of gatekeepers to collect and accumulate large amounts of data from end users. ensuring an adequate level of transparency of profiling practices employed by gatekeepers facilitates contestability of core platform services , by putting external pressure on gatekeepers to prevent making deep consumer profiling the industry standard , given that potential entrants or start-up providers cannot access data to the same extent and depth , and at a similar scale. enhanced transparency should allow other providers of core platform services to differentiate themselves better through the use of superior privacy guaranteeing facilities. to ensure a minimum level of effectiveness of this transparency obligation , gatekeepers should at least provide a description of the basis upon which profiling is performed , including whether personal data and data derived from user activity is relied on , the processing applied , the purpose for which the profile is prepared and eventually used , the impact of such profiling on the gatekeeper’s services , and the steps taken to enable end users to be aware of the relevant use of such profiling , as well as to seek their consent. ### (61) the data protection and privacy interests of end users are relevant to any assessment of potential negative effects of the observed practice of gatekeepers to collect and accumulate large amounts of data from end users. ensuring an adequate level of transparency of profiling practices employed by gatekeepers facilitates contestability of core platform services , by putting external pressure on gatekeepers to prevent making deep consumer profiling the industry standard , given that potential entrants or start-up providers cannot access data to the same extent and depth , and at a similar scale. enhanced transparency should allow other providers of core platform services to differentiate themselves better through the use of superior privacy guaranteeing facilities. to ensure a minimum level of effectiveness of this transparency obligation , gatekeepers should at least provide a description of the basis upon which profiling is performed , including whether personal data and data derived from user activity is relied on , the processing applied , the purpose for which the profile is prepared and eventually used , the impact of such profiling on the gatekeeper’s services , and the steps taken to enable end users to be aware of the relevant use of such profiling , as well as to seek their consent. the commission should develop , in consultation with the eu data protection supervisor , the european data protection board , civil society and experts , the standards and process of the audit. the audited description , as well as any relevant materials that is collected in the context of supervising the gatekeepers that relate to the processing of personal data , should be shared by the commission with any competent supervisory authority represented in the european data protection board , upon its request.


### this regulation respects the fundamental rights and observes the principles recognised in particular by the charter of fundamental rights of the european union , in particular articles 16 , 47 and 50 thereof. accordingly , this regulation should be interpreted and applied with respect to those rights and principles ### deleted


### this regulation respects the fundamental rights and observes the principles recognised in particular by the charter of fundamental rights of the european union , in particular articles 16 , 47 and 50 thereof. accordingly , this regulation should be interpreted and applied with respect to those rights and principles ### this regulation respects the fundamental rights and observes the principles recognised in particular by the charter of fundamental rights of the european union , in particular articles 11 , 16 , 47 and 50 thereof. accordingly , this regulation should be interpreted and applied with respect to those rights and principles


### 1. this regulation lays down harmonised rules ensuring contestable and fair markets in the digital sector across the union where gatekeepers are present. ### 1. this regulation lays down harmonised rules ensuring contestable and fair markets in the digital sector across the union where gatekeepers are present so as to contribute to the protection of fundamental rights and the integrity of democratic processes , as well as to foster innovation , increase consumer choice and ensure higher consumer protection standards.


### 2. this regulation shall apply to core platform services provided or offered by gatekeepers to business users established in the union or end users established or located in the union , irrespective of the place of establishment or residence of the gatekeepers and irrespective of the law otherwise applicable to the provision of service. ### 2. this regulation shall apply to core platform services provided or offered by gatekeepers to business users established in the union or end users established or located in the union , irrespective of the place of establishment or residence of the gatekeepers and irrespective of the law otherwise applicable to the provision of service. this regulation respects the fundamental rights and observes the principles recognised in particular by the charter of fundamental rights of the european union , in particular articles 11 , 13 , 16 , 47 and 50 thereof. accordingly , this regulation should be interpreted and applied with respect to those rights and principles.


### 2. this regulation shall apply to core platform services provided or offered by gatekeepers to business users established in the union or end users established or located in the union , irrespective of the place of establishment or residence of the gatekeepers and irrespective of the law otherwise applicable to the provision of service. ### 2. this regulation shall apply to core platform services provided or offered by gatekeepers to business users established in the union or end users established or located in the union , irrespective of the place of establishment or residence of the gatekeepers and irrespective of the law otherwise applicable to the provision of service.


### 2. this regulation shall apply to core platform services provided or offered by gatekeepers to business users established in the union or end users established or located in the union , irrespective of the place of establishment or residence of the gatekeepers and irrespective of the law otherwise applicable to the provision of service. ### 2. this regulation shall apply to core platform commercial services provided or offered by gatekeepers to business users established in the union or end users established or located in the union , irrespective of the place of establishment or residence of the gatekeepers and irrespective of the law otherwise applicable to the provision of service. this regulation shall apply and be interpreted in full respect of fundamental rights and the principles recognised by the charter of fundamental rights of the european union , in particular articles 11 , 16 , 47 and 50 thereof.


### 5. member states shall not impose on gatekeepers further obligations by way of laws , regulations or administrative action for the purpose of ensuring contestable and fair markets. this is without prejudice to rules pursuing other legitimate public interests , in compliance with union law. in particular , nothing in this regulation precludes member states from imposing obligations , which are compatible with union law , on undertakings , including providers of core platform services where these obligations are unrelated to the relevant undertakings having a status of gatekeeper within the meaning of this regulation in order to protect consumers or to fight against acts of unfair competition. ### 5. member states shall not impose on gatekeepers further obligations by way of laws , regulations or administrative action for the purpose of ensuring contestable and fair markets. this is without prejudice to rules pursuing other legitimate public interests , in compliance with union law. in particular , nothing in this regulation precludes member states from imposing obligations , which are compatible with union law , on undertakings , including providers of core platform services where these obligations are unrelated to the relevant undertakings having a status of gatekeeper within the meaning of this regulation in order to protect consumers , to fight against acts of unfair competition , to protect and to foster media freedom , pluralism of media or opinion as well as diversity in cultures and in languages or to pursue those other legitimate public interests.


### 6. this regulation is without prejudice to the application of articles 101 and 102 tfeu. it is also without prejudice to the application of: national rules prohibiting anticompetitive agreements , decisions by associations of undertakings , concerted practices and abuses of dominant positions; national competition rules prohibiting other forms of unilateral conduct insofar as they are applied to undertakings other than gatekeepers or amount to imposing additional obligations on gatekeepers; council regulation (ec) no 139/200438 and national rules concerning merger control; regulation (eu) 2019/1150 and regulation (eu) …./.. of the european parliament and of the council39 . ### 6. this regulation is without prejudice to the application of articles 101 and 102 tfeu. it is also without prejudice to the application of: national rules prohibiting anticompetitive agreements , decisions by associations of undertakings , concerted practices and abuses of dominant positions; national competition rules prohibiting other forms of unilateral conduct insofar as they are applied to undertakings other than gatekeepers or amount to imposing additional obligations on gatekeepers; council regulation (ec) no 139/200438 and national rules concerning merger control; regulation (eu) 2019/1150 and regulation (eu) …./.. of the european parliament and of the council39 . in particular , this regulation does not preclude member states from monitoring compliance with obligations laid down in the regulation and to report regularly to the commission on compliance with this regulation in accordance with article 24.


### 6. this regulation is without prejudice to the application of articles 101 and 102 tfeu. it is also without prejudice to the application of: national rules prohibiting anticompetitive agreements , decisions by associations of undertakings , concerted practices and abuses of dominant positions; national competition rules prohibiting other forms of unilateral conduct insofar as they are applied to undertakings other than gatekeepers or amount to imposing additional obligations on gatekeepers; council regulation (ec) no 139/200438 and national rules concerning merger control; regulation (eu) 2019/1150 and regulation (eu) …./.. of the european parliament and of the council39 . ### 6. this regulation is without prejudice to the application of articles 101 and 102 tfeu. it is also without prejudice to the application of: national rules prohibiting anticompetitive agreements , decisions by associations of undertakings , concerted practices and abuses of dominant positions; national competition rules prohibiting other forms of unilateral conduct insofar as these rules are unrelated to the relevant undertakings having a status of gatekeeper within the meaning of this regulation; council regulation (ec) no 139/200438 and national rules concerning merger control; regulation (eu) 2019/1150 and regulation (eu) …./.. of the european parliament and of the council39.


### 6. this regulation is without prejudice to the application of articles 101 and 102 tfeu. it is also without prejudice to the application of: national rules prohibiting anticompetitive agreements , decisions by associations of undertakings , concerted practices and abuses of dominant positions; national competition rules prohibiting other forms of unilateral conduct insofar as they are applied to undertakings other than gatekeepers or amount to imposing additional obligations on gatekeepers; council regulation (ec) no 139/200438 and national rules concerning merger control; regulation (eu) 2019/1150 and regulation (eu) …./.. of the european parliament and of the council39 . ### 6. this regulation is without prejudice to the application of articles 101 and 102 tfeu. it is also without prejudice to the application of: national rules prohibiting anticompetitive agreements , decisions by associations of undertakings , concerted practices and abuses of dominant positions; national competition rules prohibiting other forms of unilateral conduct insofar as they are applied to undertakings other than gatekeepers or amount to imposing additional obligations on gatekeepers; council regulation (ec) no 139/200438 and national rules concerning merger control; regulation (eu) 2019/1150 and regulation (eu) …./.. of the european parliament and of the council39 , regulation (eu) 2016/679 and directive (ec) 2002/58.


### 6. this regulation is without prejudice to the application of articles 101 and 102 tfeu. it is also without prejudice to the application of: national rules prohibiting anticompetitive agreements , decisions by associations of undertakings , concerted practices and abuses of dominant positions; national competition rules prohibiting other forms of unilateral conduct insofar as they are applied to undertakings other than gatekeepers or amount to imposing additional obligations on gatekeepers; council regulation (ec) no 139/200438 and national rules concerning merger control; regulation (eu) 2019/1150 and regulation (eu) …./.. of the european parliament and of the council39 . ### 6. this regulation is without prejudice to the application of articles 101 and 102 tfeu. it is also without prejudice to the application of: national rules prohibiting anticompetitive agreements , decisions by associations of undertakings , concerted practices and abuses of dominant positions; national competition rules prohibiting other forms of unilateral conduct insofar as they are applied to undertakings other than gatekeepers or amount to imposing additional obligations on gatekeepers; council regulation (ec) no 139/200438 and national rules concerning merger control; regulation (eu) 2019/1150 and regulation (eu) …./.. of the european parliament and of the council39; regulation (eu) 2016/67939a , directive 2002/58/ec39b , as well as without prejudice to union law on consumer protection and product safety;


### 6. this regulation is without prejudice to the application of articles 101 and 102 tfeu. it is also without prejudice to the application of: national rules prohibiting anticompetitive agreements , decisions by associations of undertakings , concerted practices and abuses of dominant positions; national competition rules prohibiting other forms of unilateral conduct insofar as they are applied to undertakings other than gatekeepers or amount to imposing additional obligations on gatekeepers; council regulation (ec) no 139/200438 and national rules concerning merger control; regulation (eu) 2019/1150 and regulation (eu) …./.. of the european parliament and of the council39 . ### 6. this regulation is without prejudice to the application of articles 101 and 102 tfeu. it is also without prejudice to the application of: national rules prohibiting anticompetitive agreements , decisions by associations of undertakings , concerted practices and abuses of dominant positions; national competition rules prohibiting other forms of unilateral conduct insofar as they are applied to undertakings other than gatekeepers or amount to imposing additional obligations on gatekeepers; council regulation (ec) no 139/200438 and national rules concerning merger control; regulation (eu) 2019/1150 and regulation (eu) …./.. of the european parliament and of the council39 , regulation2016/679 , directive 2002/58/ec , directive (eu) 2019/882 , directive(eu)2018/1808 , as well as without prejudice to union law on consumer protection and product safety.


### for the purpose of the first subparagraph , monthly active end users shall refer to the average number of monthly active end users throughout the largest part of the last financial year; ### for the purpose of the first subparagraph , monthly active end users shall refer to the average number of monthly active end users throughout at least six (not necessarily consecutive) months of the last financial year;


### refrain from preventing or restricting business users from raising issues with any relevant public authority relating to any practice of gatekeepers; ### refrain from preventing or restricting business users or end user from raising issues with any relevant public authority or in front of national judicial authority relating to any practice of gatekeepers;


### refrain from preventing or restricting business users from raising issues with any relevant public authority relating to any practice of gatekeepers; ### refrain from directly or indirectly preventing or restricting business users from raising issues with any relevant public authority , including judicial authority , relating to any practice of gatekeepers;


### refrain from preventing or restricting business users from raising issues with any relevant public authority relating to any practice of gatekeepers; ### refrain from preventing or restricting business users or end user from raising issues with any relevant public authority or in front of national judiciary authority relating to any practice of gatekeepers;


### refrain from requiring business users or end users to subscribe to or register with any other core platform services identified pursuant to article 3 or which meets the thresholds in article 3(2)(b) as a condition to access , sign up or register to any of their core platform services identified pursuant to that article; ### refrain from requiring business users or end users to subscribe to or register with any other core platform services any ancillary service as a condition to access , sign up or register to any of their core platform services identified pursuant to that article;


### refrain from requiring business users or end users to subscribe to or register with any other core platform services identified pursuant to article 3 or which meets the thresholds in article 3(2)(b) as a condition to access , sign up or register to any of their core platform services identified pursuant to that article; ### refrain from requiring business users or end users to subscribe to or register with any other core platform services or any ancillary service as a condition to access , sign up or register to any of their core platform services identified pursuant to that article;


### provide advertisers and publishers to which it supplies advertising services , upon their request , with information concerning the price paid by the advertiser and publisher , as well as the amount or remuneration paid to the publisher , for the publishing of a given ad and for each of the relevant advertising services provided by the gatekeeper. ### provide advertisers and publishers to which it supplies targeted digital advertising services based on contextual information , upon their request , with information concerning the price paid by the advertiser and publisher , as well as the amount or remuneration paid to the publisher , for the publishing of a given ad and for each of the relevant advertising services provided by the gatekeeper.


### provide advertisers and publishers to which it supplies advertising services , upon their request , with information concerning the price paid by the advertiser and publisher , as well as the amount or remuneration paid to the publisher , for the publishing of a given ad and for each of the relevant advertising services provided by the gatekeeper. ### provide advertisers and publishers to which it supplies advertising services , upon their request , with information concerning the price paid by the advertiser and publisher , as well as the amount or remuneration paid to the publisher , for the publishing of a given ad and for each of the relevant advertising services provided by the gatekeeper , and refrain from collecting or processing personal data as defined by regulation (eu) 2016/679 for the purpose of targeting the end users to whom advertisements are displayed;


### provide advertisers and publishers to which it supplies advertising services , upon their request , with information concerning the price paid by the advertiser and publisher , as well as the amount or remuneration paid to the publisher , for the publishing of a given ad and for each of the relevant advertising services provided by the gatekeeper. ### provide advertisers and publishers to which it supplies targeted digital advertising services based on contextual information , upon their request , with information concerning the price paid by the advertiser and publisher , as well as the amount or remuneration paid to the publisher , for the publishing of a given ad and for each of the relevant advertising services provided by the gatekeeper , and refrain from collecting or processing personal data as defined by regulation (eu) 2016/679 for the purpose of determining the end users to whom advertisements are displayed.


### provide advertisers and publishers to which it supplies advertising services , upon their request , with information concerning the price paid by the advertiser and publisher , as well as the amount or remuneration paid to the publisher , for the publishing of a given ad and for each of the relevant advertising services provided by the gatekeeper. ### deleted


### allow end users to un-install any pre-installed software applications on its core platform service without prejudice to the possibility for a gatekeeper to restrict such un-installation in relation to software applications that are essential for the functioning of the operating system or of the device and which cannot technically be offered on a standalone basis by third-parties; ### allow end users to un-install any pre-installed software applications on its core platform service;


### allow end users to un-install any pre-installed software applications on its core platform service without prejudice to the possibility for a gatekeeper to restrict such un-installation in relation to software applications that are essential for the functioning of the operating system or of the device and which cannot technically be offered on a standalone basis by third-parties; ### allow end users to un-install any pre-installed software applications on its core platform service.


### allow the installation and effective use of third party software applications or software application stores using , or interoperating with , operating systems of that gatekeeper and allow these software applications or software application stores to be accessed by means other than the core platform services of that gatekeeper. the gatekeeper shall not be prevented from taking proportionate measures to ensure that third party software applications or software application stores do not endanger the integrity of the hardware or operating system provided by the gatekeeper; ### allow the installation , effective use , setting as the default , and interoperability of third party software applications or software application stores using , or interoperating with , operating systems of that gatekeeper and allow these software applications or software application stores or repositories to be accessed by means other than the core platform services of that gatekeeper. the gatekeeper shall not be prevented from taking proportionate measures to ensure that third party software applications or software application stores do not endanger the integrity of the hardware or operating system provided by the gatekeeper;


### allow the installation and effective use of third party software applications or software application stores using , or interoperating with , operating systems of that gatekeeper and allow these software applications or software application stores to be accessed by means other than the core platform services of that gatekeeper. the gatekeeper shall not be prevented from taking proportionate measures to ensure that third party software applications or software application stores do not endanger the integrity of the hardware or operating system provided by the gatekeeper; ### allow the installation and effective use of third party software applications or software application stores or repositories using , or interoperating with , operating systems of that gatekeeper and allow these software applications or software application stores or repositories to be accessed by means other than the core platform services of that gatekeeper. the gatekeeper shall not be prevented from taking proportionate measures to ensure that third party software applications or software application stores do not endanger the integrity of the hardware or operating system provided by the gatekeeper;


### allow the installation and effective use of third party software applications or software application stores using , or interoperating with , operating systems of that gatekeeper and allow these software applications or software application stores to be accessed by means other than the core platform services of that gatekeeper. the gatekeeper shall not be prevented from taking proportionate measures to ensure that third party software applications or software application stores do not endanger the integrity of the hardware or operating system provided by the gatekeeper; ### allow the installation and effective use of third party software applications or software application stores or repositories using , or interoperating with , operating systems of that gatekeeper and allow these software applications or software application stores or repositories to be accessed by means other than the core platform services of that gatekeeper.


### allow the installation and effective use of third party software applications or software application stores using , or interoperating with , operating systems of that gatekeeper and allow these software applications or software application stores to be accessed by means other than the core platform services of that gatekeeper. the gatekeeper shall not be prevented from taking proportionate measures to ensure that third party software applications or software application stores do not endanger the integrity of the hardware or operating system provided by the gatekeeper; ### allow the installation and effective use of third party software applications , software application stores or repositories using , or interoperating with , operating systems of that gatekeeper and allow these software applications , software application stores or repositories to be accessed by means other than the core platform services of that gatekeeper.


### provide advertisers and publishers , upon their request and free of charge , with access to the performance measuring tools of the gatekeeper and the information necessary for advertisers and publishers to carry out their own independent verification of the ad inventory; ### provide advertisers and publishers , upon their request and free of charge , with access to the performance measuring tools of the gatekeeper for the purpose of targeted digital advertising based on contextual information and the information necessary for advertisers and publishers to carry out their own independent verification of the ad inventory;


### provide advertisers and publishers , upon their request and free of charge , with access to the performance measuring tools of the gatekeeper and the information necessary for advertisers and publishers to carry out their own independent verification of the ad inventory; ### deleted


### provide effective portability of data generated through the activity of a business user or end user and shall , in particular , provide tools for end users to facilitate the exercise of data portability , in line with regulation eu 2016/679 , including by the provision of continuous and real-time access ; ### provide effective portability of data generated through the activity of a business user or end user and shall , in particular , provide tools for end users to facilitate effective portability of personal data generated through his or her activity as end-user of platform services , in accordance with article 20 of regulation eu 2016/679 , including by the provision of continuous and real-time access;


### provide effective portability of data generated through the activity of a business user or end user and shall , in particular , provide tools for end users to facilitate the exercise of data portability , in line with regulation eu 2016/679 , including by the provision of continuous and real-time access ; ### provide effective portability of all data generated through the activity of a business user or end user and shall , in particular , provide tools for end users to facilitate the exercise of full data portability , in line with regulation (eu) 2016/679 , including by the provision of continuous and real-time access ;


### provide to any third party providers of online search engines , upon their request , with access on fair , reasonable and non-discriminatory terms to ranking , query , click and view data in relation to free and paid search generated by end users on online search engines of the gatekeeper , subject to anonymisation for the query , click and view data that constitutes personal data; ### deleted


### provide to any third party providers of online search engines , upon their request , with access on fair , reasonable and non-discriminatory terms to ranking , query , click and view data in relation to free and paid search generated by end users on online search engines of the gatekeeper , subject to anonymisation for the query , click and view data that constitutes personal data; ### provide to any third party providers of online search engines , upon their request , with access on fair , reasonable and non-discriminatory terms to ranking , query , click and view data in relation to free and paid search generated by end users on online search engines of the gatekeeper , subject to anonymisation for the query , click and view data that constitutes personal data , provided that the gatekeeper is able to demonstrate that anonymised query , click and view data have been adequately tested against possible re-identification risks;


### provide to any third party providers of online search engines , upon their request , with access on fair , reasonable and non-discriminatory terms to ranking , query , click and view data in relation to free and paid search generated by end users on online search engines of the gatekeeper , subject to anonymisation for the query , click and view data that constitutes personal data; ### provide to any third party providers of online search engines , upon their request , with access on fair , reasonable and non-discriminatory terms to ranking , query , click and view data in relation to free and paid search generated by end users on online search engines of the gatekeeper , subject to anonymisation for the query , click and view data that constitutes personal data provided that the gatekeepers able to demonstrate that anonymised query , click and view data have been adequately tested against possible re-identification risks;


### apply fair and non-discriminatory general conditions of access for business users to its software application store designated pursuant to article 3 of this regulation. ### apply transparent fair and non-discriminatory general conditions of access for business users to its software application store and for business users smes on a given sectorial market to its online search engine and online social networking service designated pursuant to article 3 of this regulation.


### apply fair and non-discriminatory general conditions of access for business users to its software application store designated pursuant to article 3 of this regulation. ### apply transparent , fair and non-discriminatory general conditions of access for business users to its software application store designated pursuant to article 3 of this regulation , and for business users which are smes on a given sectorial market to its online search engine and online social networking service designated pursuant to article 3 of this regulation.


### apply fair and non-discriminatory general conditions of access for business users to its software application store designated pursuant to article 3 of this regulation. ### apply transparent , fair and non-discriminatory general conditions of access for business users to its software application store designated pursuant to article 3 of this regulation , and for business users smes on a given sectorial market to its online search engine and online social networking service designated pursuant to article 3 of this regulation;


### 2. gatekeepers , undertakings and associations of undertakings concerned may submit their observations to the commission’s preliminary findings within a time limit which shall be fixed by the commission in its preliminary findings and which may not be less than 14 days. ### 2. gatekeepers , undertakings and associations of undertakings concerned and interested third-parties may submit their observations to the commission’s preliminary findings within a time limit which shall be fixed by the commission in its preliminary findings and which may not be less than 14 days.


### 2. gatekeepers , undertakings and associations of undertakings concerned may submit their observations to the commission’s preliminary findings within a time limit which shall be fixed by the commission in its preliminary findings and which may not be less than 14 days. ### 2. gatekeepers , undertakings associations of undertakings concerned and interested third parties may submit their observations to the commission’s preliminary findings within a time limit which shall be fixed by the commission in its preliminary findings and which may not be less than 14 days.


### 2. gatekeepers , undertakings and associations of undertakings concerned may submit their observations to the commission’s preliminary findings within a time limit which shall be fixed by the commission in its preliminary findings and which may not be less than 14 days. ### 2. gatekeepers , undertakings , associations of undertakings and interested third parties concerned may submit their observations to the commission’s preliminary findings within a time limit which shall be fixed by the commission in its preliminary findings and which may not be less than 14 days.


### 3. member states shall provide any relevant information they have that the commission may require for the purposes of drawing up the report referred to in paragraph 1. ### 3. member states shall provide any relevant information they have that the commission may require for the purposes of drawing up the report referred to in paragraph 1. among such information , data allowing to determine the fairness of general access conditions to platform services should be examined , including as regards revenue streams deriving from advertisement , and the distribution of appropriate shares of revenues to third party right holders.


### 3. member states shall provide any relevant information they have that the commission may require for the purposes of drawing up the report referred to in paragraph 1. ### 3. member states shall provide any relevant information they have that the commission may require for the purposes of drawing up the report referred to in paragraph 1. among such information , data allowing to determine the fairness of general access conditions to platform services should be examined , including as regards revenue streams deriving from advertisement , and the distribution of appropriate shares of revenues to third party rightholders.


### 3. member states shall provide any relevant information they have that the commission may require for the purposes of drawing up the report referred to in paragraph 1. ### 3. member states shall provide any relevant information they have that the commission may require for the purposes of drawing up the report referred to in paragraph 1. among such information , data allowing to determine the fairness of general access conditions to platform services shall be examined , including as regards revenue streams deriving from advertisement , and the distribution of appropriate share of revenues to third party right holders.


### (52) gatekeepers may also have a dual role as developers of operating systems and device manufacturers , including any technical functionality that such a device may have. for example , a gatekeeper that is a manufacturer of a device may restrict access to some of the functionalities in this device , such as near-field-communication technology and the software used to operate that technology , which may be required for the effective provision of an ancillary service by the gatekeeper as well as by any potential third party provider of such an ancillary service. such access may equally be required by software applications related to the relevant ancillary services in order to effectively provide similar functionalities as those offered by gatekeepers. if such a dual role is used in a manner that prevents alternative providers of ancillary services or of software applications to have access under equal conditions to the same operating system , hardware or software features that are available or used in the provision by the gatekeeper of any ancillary services , this could significantly undermine innovation by providers of such ancillary services as well as choice for end users of such ancillary services. the gatekeepers should therefore be obliged to ensure access under equal conditions to , and interoperability with , the same operating system , hardware or software features that are available or used in the provision of any ancillary services by the gatekeeper. ### (52) gatekeepers may also have a dual role as developers of operating systems and device manufacturers , including any technical functionality that such a device may have. for example , a gatekeeper that is a manufacturer of a device may restrict access to some of the functionalities in this device , such as near-field-communication technology and the software used to operate that technology , which may be required for the effective provision of an ancillary service by the gatekeeper as well as by any potential third party provider of such an ancillary service. such access may equally be required by software applications related to the relevant ancillary services in order to effectively provide similar functionalities as those offered by gatekeepers. if such a dual role is used in a manner that prevents end users or alternative providers of ancillary services or of software applications to have access under equal conditions to the same operating system , hardware or software features that are available or used in the provision by the gatekeeper of any ancillary services , this could significantly undermine innovation by providers of such ancillary services as well as choice for end users of such ancillary services. the gatekeepers should therefore be obliged to ensure access under equal conditions to , and interoperability with , the same operating system , hardware or software features that are available or used in the provision of any ancillary services by the gatekeeper.


### (52) gatekeepers may also have a dual role as developers of operating systems and device manufacturers , including any technical functionality that such a device may have. for example , a gatekeeper that is a manufacturer of a device may restrict access to some of the functionalities in this device , such as near-field-communication technology and the software used to operate that technology , which may be required for the effective provision of an ancillary service by the gatekeeper as well as by any potential third party provider of such an ancillary service. such access may equally be required by software applications related to the relevant ancillary services in order to effectively provide similar functionalities as those offered by gatekeepers. if such a dual role is used in a manner that prevents alternative providers of ancillary services or of software applications to have access under equal conditions to the same operating system , hardware or software features that are available or used in the provision by the gatekeeper of any ancillary services , this could significantly undermine innovation by providers of such ancillary services as well as choice for end users of such ancillary services. the gatekeepers should therefore be obliged to ensure access under equal conditions to , and interoperability with , the same operating system , hardware or software features that are available or used in the provision of any ancillary services by the gatekeeper. ### (52) gatekeepers may also restrict access to some of the functionalities in this device , such as near-field-communication technology and the software used to operate that technology , which may be required for the effective provision of an ancillary service by the gatekeeper as well as by any potential third party provider of such an ancillary service. such access may equally be required by software applications related to the relevant ancillary services in order to effectively provide similar functionalities as those offered by gatekeepers. if such a restrictive measure is used that prevents end users or alternative providers of ancillary services or of any software to have access under equal conditions to the same operating system , hardware or software features that are available or used in the provision by the gatekeeper , this could significantly undermine innovation as well as choice for end users of such ancillary services. the gatekeepers should therefore be obliged to ensure access under equal conditions to , and interoperability with , the same operating system , hardware or software features that are available or used in the provision of any of its services by the gatekeeper.


### (52) gatekeepers may also have a dual role as developers of operating systems and device manufacturers , including any technical functionality that such a device may have. for example , a gatekeeper that is a manufacturer of a device may restrict access to some of the functionalities in this device , such as near-field-communication technology and the software used to operate that technology , which may be required for the effective provision of an ancillary service by the gatekeeper as well as by any potential third party provider of such an ancillary service. such access may equally be required by software applications related to the relevant ancillary services in order to effectively provide similar functionalities as those offered by gatekeepers. if such a dual role is used in a manner that prevents alternative providers of ancillary services or of software applications to have access under equal conditions to the same operating system , hardware or software features that are available or used in the provision by the gatekeeper of any ancillary services , this could significantly undermine innovation by providers of such ancillary services as well as choice for end users of such ancillary services. the gatekeepers should therefore be obliged to ensure access under equal conditions to , and interoperability with , the same operating system , hardware or software features that are available or used in the provision of any ancillary services by the gatekeeper. ### (52) gatekeepers may have a dual role as developers of operating systems and device manufacturers , including any technical functionality that such a device may have. for example , a gatekeeper that is a manufacturer of a device may restrict access to some of the functionalities in this device , such as near-field-communication technology and the software used to operate that technology , which may be required for the effective provision of a service by the gatekeeper as well as by any potential third party provider of such a service. such access may equally be required by software applications related to the relevant ancillary services in order to effectively provide similar functionalities as those offered by gatekeepers. the gatekeepers should therefore be obliged to ensure access under equal conditions to , and interoperability with , the same operating system , hardware or software features that are available or used in the provision of its services by the gatekeeper.


### advertising services , including any advertising networks , advertising exchanges and any other advertising intermediation services , provided by a provider of any of the core platform services listed in points (a) to (g); ### advertising services , including any advertising networks , advertising exchanges and any other advertising intermediation services , provided by a provider where the undertaking to which it belongs is also a provider of any of the core platform services listed in points (a) to (g);


### 1. the commission shall publish the decisions which it takes pursuant to articles 3 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 22 , 23(1) , 25 , 26 and 27. such publication shall state the names of the parties and the main content of the decision , including any penalties imposed. ### 1. the commission shall publish the decisions which it takes pursuant to articles 3 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 22 , 23(1) , 25 , 26 , 27 , 33 and 33a. such publication shall state the names of the parties and the main content of the decision , including any penalties imposed.


### 1. the commission shall publish the decisions which it takes pursuant to articles 3 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 22 , 23(1) , 25 , 26 and 27. such publication shall state the names of the parties and the main content of the decision , including any penalties imposed. ### 1. the commission shall publish the decisions which it takes pursuant to articles 3 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 22 , 23(1) , 25 , 26 , 27 , 33 and 33(a). such publication shall state the names of the parties and the main content of the decision , including any penalties imposed and a report stating the grounds for such a decision.


### 1. the commission shall publish the decisions which it takes pursuant to articles 3 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 22 , 23(1) , 25 , 26 and 27. such publication shall state the names of the parties and the main content of the decision , including any penalties imposed. ### 1. the commission shall publish the decisions which it takes pursuant to articles 3 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 22 , 23(1) , 25 , 26 , 27 , 33 , and 33(a). such publication shall state the names of the parties and the main content of the decision , including any penalties imposed , and a report stating the grounds for such a decision.


### where the gatekeeper presents such sufficiently substantiated arguments to demonstrate that it does not satisfy the requirements of paragraph 1 , the commission shall apply paragraph 6 to assess whether the criteria in paragraph 1 are met. ### where the gatekeeper presents such sufficiently substantiated arguments to demonstrate that it does not satisfy the requirements of paragraph 1 , the commission shall assess within the time-limit set in the first subparagraph the arguments provided by a gatekeeper to demonstrate that it does not satisfy the qualitative requirements of paragraph 1.


### where the gatekeeper presents such sufficiently substantiated arguments to demonstrate that it does not satisfy the requirements of paragraph 1 , the commission shall apply paragraph 6 to assess whether the criteria in paragraph 1 are met. ### where the gatekeeper presents such sufficiently substantiated arguments to demonstrate that it does not satisfy the requirements of paragraph 1 , the commission shall assess within the time-limits set in the first subparagraph the arguments provided by a gatekeeper to demonstrate that it does not satisfy the qualitative requirements of paragraph 1. where the provider of a core platform service that satisfies the quantitative thresholds of paragraph 2 fails to comply with the investigative measures ordered by the commission and the failure persists after the provider has been invited to comply within a reasonable time-limit and to submit observations , the commission shall designate that provider as a gatekeeper.


### 4. in view of adopting the decision under paragraph 2 , the commission shall communicate its preliminary findings within three months from the opening of the proceedings. in the preliminary findings , the commission shall explain the measures it considers to take or it considers that the provider of core platform services concerned should take in order to effectively address the preliminary findings. ### 4. in view of adopting the decision under paragraph 2 , the commission shall communicate its preliminary findings to the gatekeeper within three months from the opening of the proceedings. in the preliminary findings , the commission shall explain the measures it considers to take or it considers that the provider of core platform services concerned should take in order to effectively address the preliminary findings. the commission may consult interested third parties demonstrating sufficient interest when drafting the preliminary findings. the preliminary findings shall be public.


### 4. in view of adopting the decision under paragraph 2 , the commission shall communicate its preliminary findings within three months from the opening of the proceedings. in the preliminary findings , the commission shall explain the measures it considers to take or it considers that the provider of core platform services concerned should take in order to effectively address the preliminary findings. ### 4. in view of adopting the decision under paragraph 2 , the commission shall communicate its preliminary findings to gatekeepers within three months from the opening of the proceedings. in the preliminary findings , the commission shall explain the measures it considers to take or it considers that the provider of core platform services concerned should take in order to effectively address the preliminary findings. the commission may consult interested third parties demonstrating sufficient interest when drafting the preliminary findings. the preliminary findings shall be made public without delay.