### (14) directive (eu) 2015/849 set out to mitigate the money laundering and terrorist financing risks posed by large cash payments by including persons trading in goods among obliged entities when they make or receive payments in cash above eur 10 000 , whilst allowing member states to introduce stricter measures. such approach has shown to be ineffective in light of the poor understanding and application of aml/cft requirements , lack of supervision and limited number of suspicious transactions reported to the fiu. in order to adequately mitigate risks deriving from the misuse of large cash sums , a union-wide limit to large cash transactions above eur 10 000 should be laid down. as a consequence , persons trading in goods should no longer be subject to aml/cft obligations. ### (14) directive (eu) 2015/849 set out to mitigate the money laundering and terrorist financing risks posed by large cash payments by including persons trading in goods among obliged entities when they make or receive payments in cash above eur 10 000 , whilst allowing member states to introduce stricter measures. such approach has shown to be ineffective in light of the poor understanding and application of aml/cft requirements , lack of supervision and limited number of suspicious transactions reported to the fiu. in order to adequately mitigate risks deriving from the misuse of large cash sums , a union-wide limit to large cash transactions above eur 1 000 should be laid down with an appropriate sanctions regime.


### (15) some categories of traders in goods are particularly exposed to money laundering and terrorist financing risks due to the high value that the small , transportable goods they deal with contain. for this reason , persons dealing in precious metals and precious stones should be subject to aml/cft requirements. ### (15) the trading of high value goods and services such as gold , diamonds and other precious stones , or high-value lifestyle goods , such as cultural artefacts , luxury cars , jewellery , watches , yachts and aircrafts are particularly exposed to very significant money laundering risks regardless of the means of payment. criminal organisations have recurrently used this method , which is easily accessible and does not require specific expertise , to convert criminal proceeds into goods that are in high demand in foreign markets. for this reason , persons dealing in precious metals and precious stones , jewels and watches , work of art as well as any other high value goods or services above 10 000 euros should be subject to aml/cft requirements.


### (23) the fatf has developed standards for jurisdictions to identify , and assess the risks of potential non-implementation or evasion of the targeted financial sanctions related to proliferation financing , and to take action to mitigate those risks. those new standards introduced by the fatf today do not substitute nor undermine the existing strict requirements for countries to implement targeted financial sanctions to comply with the relevant united nations security council regulations relating to the prevention , suppression and disruption of proliferation of weapons of mass destruction and its financing. those existing obligations , as implemented at union level by council decisions 2010/413/cfsp31 and (cfsp) 2016/84932 as well as by council regulations (eu) no 267/201233 and (eu) 2017/150934 , remain strict rule-based obligations binding on all natural and legal persons within the union. ### (23) the fatf has developed standards for jurisdictions to identify , and assess the risks of potential non-implementation or evasion of the targeted financial sanctions related to proliferation financing , and to take action to mitigate those risks. those new standards introduced by the fatf today do not substitute nor undermine the existing strict requirements for countries to implement targeted financial sanctions to comply with the relevant united nations security council regulations relating to the prevention , suppression and disruption of proliferation of weapons of mass destruction and its financing. those existing obligations , as implemented at union level by council decisions 2010/413/cfsp31 and (cfsp) 2016/84932 as well as by council regulations (eu) no 267/201233 and (eu) 2017/150934 , remain strict rule-based obligations binding on all natural and legal persons within the union. the same approach should apply with regard to targeted financial sanctions relating to terrorism and terrorism financing , and to other applicable union targeted financial sanctions.


### (24) in order to reflect the latest developments at international level , a requirement has been introduced by this regulation to identify , understand , manage and mitigate risks of potential non-implementation or evasion of proliferation financing-related targeted financial sanctions at obliged entity level. ### (24) in order to reflect the latest developments at international level , a requirement has been introduced by this regulation to identify , understand , manage and mitigate risks of potential non-implementation or evasion of targeted financial sanctions relating to terrorism and terrorism financing , proliferation financing and to other applicable union at obliged entity level.


### (65) detailed rules should be laid down to identify the beneficial owners of corporate and other legal entities and to harmonise definitions of beneficial ownership. while a specified percentage shareholding or ownership interest does not automatically determine the beneficial owners , it should be one factor among others to be taken into account. member states should be able , however , to decide that a percentage lower than 25% may be an indication of ownership or control. control through ownership interest of 25% plus one of the shares or voting rights or other ownership interest should be assessed on every level of ownership , meaning that this threshold should apply to every link in the ownership structure and that every link in the ownership structure and the combination of them should be properly examined. ### (65) detailed rules should be laid down to identify the beneficial owners of corporate and other legal entities and to harmonise definitions of beneficial ownership. control through ownership interest of at least one share or voting right or other ownership interest should be assessed on every level of ownership , meaning that this threshold should apply to every link in the ownership structure and that every link in the ownership structure and the combination of them should be properly examined.


### (93) the anonymity of crypto-assets exposes them to risks of misuse for criminal purposes. anonymous crypto-asset wallets do not allow the traceability of crypto-asset transfers , whilst also making it difficult to identify linked transactions that may raise suspicion or to apply to adequate level of customer due diligence. in order to ensure effective application of aml/cft requirements to crypto-assets , it is necessary to prohibit the provision and the custody of anonymous crypto-asset wallets by crypto-asset service providers. ### (93) the anonymity of crypto-assets exposes them to risks of misuse for criminal purposes. privacy crypto-asset wallets , mixers and tumblers do not allow the traceability of crypto-asset transfers , whilst also making it difficult to identify linked transactions that may raise suspicion or to apply to adequate level of customer due diligence. in order to ensure effective application of aml/cft requirements to crypto-assets , it is necessary to prohibit the provision and the custody of privacy crypto-asset wallets as well as the provision and use of mixers and tumblers by crypto-asset service providers.


### (22) ‘beneficial owner’ means any natural person who ultimately owns or controls a legal entity or express trust or similar legal arrangement , as well as any natural person on whose behalf or for the benefit of whom a transaction or activity is being conducted; ### (22) ‘beneficial owner’ means any natural person who ultimately owns , controls or benefits from a legal entity or an express trust or similar legal arrangement , or an organisation that has legal capacity under national law , as well as any natural person on whose behalf or for the benefit of whom a transaction or activity or business relationship is being conducted;


### (24) ‘formal nominee arrangement’ means a contract or a formal arrangement with an equivalent legal value to a contract , between the nominee and the nominator , where the nominator is a legal entity or natural person that issues instructions to a nominee to act on their behalf in a certain capacity , including as a director or shareholder , and the nominee is a legal entity or natural person instructed by the nominator to act on their behalf; ### (24) ‘formal nominee arrangement’ means a contract or an equivalent arrangement between a nominee and the nominator , where the nominator is a legal entity or natural person that issues instructions to a nominee to act on their behalf in a certain capacity , including as a director or shareholder , and the nominee is a legal entity or natural person instructed by the nominator to act on their behalf;


### auditors , external accountants and tax advisors , and any other natural or legal person that undertakes to provide , directly or by means of other persons to which that other person is related , material aid , assistance or advice on tax matters as principal business or professional activity; ### auditors , external accountants , wealth or asset managers and tax advisors , and any other natural or legal person that undertakes to provide , directly or by means of other persons to which that other person is related , material aid , assistance or advice on tax , investment or personal finance matters as principal business or professional activity;


### notaries and other independent legal professionals , where they participate , whether by acting on behalf of and for their client in any financial or real estate transaction , or by assisting in the planning or carrying out of transactions for their client concerning any of the following: ### notaries , lawyers and other independent legal professionals , where they participate , whether by acting on behalf of and for their client in any financial or real estate transaction , or by assisting in the planning or carrying out of transactions for their client concerning any of the following:


### buying and selling of real property or business entities; ### buying and selling of real or virtual property or business entities;


### (iii) opening or management of bank , savings or securities accounts; ### (iii) opening or management of bank , savings , securities or crypto-assets accounts;


### estate agents , including when acting as intermediaries in the letting of immovable property for transactions for which the monthly rent amounts to eur 10 000 or more , or the equivalent in national currency; ### estate agents and property developers , including when acting as intermediaries in the letting of immovable property for transactions for which the monthly rent amounts to eur 5 000 or more , or the equivalent in national currency;


### persons trading in precious metals and stones; ### persons trading in precious metals and stones or jewellery and luxury watches;


### crowdfunding service providers other than those regulated by regulation (eu) 2020/1503; ### crowdfunding service providers;


### persons trading or acting as intermediaries in the trade of works of art , including when this is carried out by art galleries and auction houses , where the value of the transaction or linked transactions amounts to at least eur 10 000 or the equivalent in national currency; ### persons trading or acting as intermediaries in the trade of works of art , including when this is carried out by art galleries and auction houses , where the value of the transaction or linked transactions amounts to at least eur 1 000 or the equivalent in national currency;


### persons storing , trading or acting as intermediaries in the trade of works of art when this is carried out within free zones and customs warehouses , where the value of the transaction or linked transactions amounts to at least eur 10 000 or the equivalent in national currency; ### persons storing , trading or acting as intermediaries in the trade of works of art and other high value goods when this is carried out within free zones and customs warehouses , where the value of the transaction or linked transactions amounts to at least eur 1 000 or the equivalent in national currency;


### in addition to the obligation to apply targeted financial sanctions , mitigate and manage the risks of non-implementation and evasion of proliferation financing-related targeted financial sanctions. ### in addition to the obligation to apply targeted financial sanctions , mitigate and manage the risks of non-implementation and evasion of targeted financial sanctions relating to terrorism and terrorism financing , proliferation financing and to other applicable union targeted financial sanctions.


### 4. by [2 years after the entry into force of this regulation] , amla shall issue guidelines on the elements that obliged entities should take into account when deciding on the extent of their internal policies , controls and procedures. ### 4. by [2 years after the entry into force of this regulation] , amla , after consulting the european banking authority , shall develop draft regulatory technical standards and submit them to the commission for adoption. those draft regulatory technical standards shall specify the elements that obliged entities should take into account when deciding on the extent of their internal policies , controls and procedures based on their assessed level of risk. they shall also include guidance on how to determine the number of staff to be entrusted with compliance functions as set out in article 9 , taking into account the nature and size of obliged entities and the inherent risks of the sector in which they operate.


### for the purpose of this article , ‘control through an ownership interest’ shall mean an ownership of 25% plus one of the shares or voting rights or other ownership interest in the corporate entity , including through bearer shareholdings , on every level of ownership. ### for the purpose of this article , ‘control through an ownership interest’ shall mean an ownership of at least one share or voting right or other ownership interest in the corporate entity , including through bearer shareholdings or being party to a contract or financial instrument related to the shares , votes , assets or income of the corporate or legal entity , on every level of ownership.


### the right to appoint or remove more than half of the members of the board or similar officers of the corporate entity; ### the right to appoint or remove any member of the board or similar officers of the corporate entity;


### 3. member states shall notify to the commission by [3 months from the date of application of this regulation] a list of the types of corporate and other legal entities existing under their national laws with beneficial owner(s) identified in accordance with paragraph 1. the notification shall include the specific categories of entities , description of characteristics , names and , where applicable , legal basis under the national laws of the member states. it shall also include an indication of whether , due to the specific form and structures of legal entities other than corporate entities , the mechanism under article 45(3) applies , accompanied by a detailed justification of the reasons for that. ### 3. member states shall notify to the commission by [3 months from the date of application of this regulation] a list of the types of corporate and other legal entities existing under their national laws with beneficial owner(s) identified in accordance with paragraph 1. the notification shall include the specific categories of entities , description of characteristics , names and , where applicable , legal basis under the national laws of the member states. it shall also include an indication of whether , due to the specific form and structures of legal entities other than corporate entities , the mechanism under article 45(3) applies , accompanied by a detailed justification of the reasons for that. in this notification , member states shall also include other legal entities or vehicles which , under national law , identification of beneficial ownership information is not deemed applicable , in particular if that is the case for investment vehicles such as special purpose vehicles or entities , protected cell companies or series limited liability companies.


### 4. the commission shall make recommendations to member states on the specific rules and criteria to identity the beneficial owner(s) of legal entities other than corporate entities by [1 year from the date of application of this regulation]. in the event that member states decide not to apply any of the recommendations , they shall notify the commission thereof and provide a justification for such a decision. ### 4. the commission shall make recommendations to member states on the specific rules and criteria to identify the beneficial owner(s) of legal entities other than corporate entities by [1 year from the date of application of this regulation] and indicate whether , on a risk sensitive basis , any specific rules should apply. these recommendations shall be public. in the event that member states decide not to apply any of the recommendations , they shall notify the commission thereof and provide a justification for such a decision.


### 4. the commission shall make recommendations to member states on the specific rules and criteria to identity the beneficial owner(s) of legal entities other than corporate entities by [1 year from the date of application of this regulation]. in the event that member states decide not to apply any of the recommendations , they shall notify the commission thereof and provide a justification for such a decision. ### 4. the commission shall make recommendations to member states on the specific rules and criteria to identify the beneficial owner(s) of legal entities other than corporate entities by [1 year from the date of application of this regulation] and indicate whether , on a risk sensitive basis , any specific rules shall apply. these recommendations shall be public. in the event that member states decide not to apply any of the recommendations , they shall notify the commission thereof and provide a justification for such a decision.


### companies listed on a regulated market that is subject to disclosure requirements consistent with union legislation or subject to equivalent international standards; and ### companies listed on a regulated market that is subject to disclosure requirements consistent with union legislation or subject to equivalent international standards , provided that beneficial ownership information is gathered and available in equivalent terms as those set out in this chapter; and


### the settlor(s); ### the economic and legal settlor(s);


### member states shall notify to the commission by [3 months from the date of application of this regulation] a list of legal arrangements and of legal entities , similar to express trusts , where the beneficial owner(s) is identified in accordance with paragraph 1. ### member states shall notify to the commission by [3 months from the date of application of this regulation] a list of legal arrangements and of legal entities , similar to express trusts , where the beneficial owner(s) is identified in accordance with paragraph 1.


### the first name and surname , full place and date of birth , residential address , country of residence and nationality or nationalities of the beneficial owner , national identification number and source of it , such as passport or national identity document , and , where applicable , the tax identification number or other equivalent number assigned to the person by his or her country of usual residence; ### the first name and surname , full place and date of birth , residential address , country or countries of residence and nationality or nationalities of the beneficial owner , national identification number and source of it , such as passport or national identity document , and , where applicable , the tax identification number or other equivalent number assigned to the person by his or her country of usual residence;


### 2. beneficial ownership information shall be obtained within 14 calendar days from the creation of legal entities or legal arrangements. it shall be updated promptly , and in any case no later than 14 calendar days following any change of the beneficial owner(s) , and on an annual basis. ### 2. in addition to express trusts and other legal arrangements , corporate and other legal entities shall obtain beneficial ownership information before their creation. it shall be updated promptly , and in any case no later than 14 calendar days following any change of the beneficial owner(s) , and on an annual basis.


### nominee shareholders and nominee directors of a corporate or other legal entities shall maintain adequate , accurate and current information on the identity of their nominator and the nominator’s beneficial owner(s) and disclose them , as well as their status , to the corporate or other legal entities. corporate or other legal entities shall report this information to the registers set up pursuant to article 10 of directive [please insert reference – proposal for 6th anti-money laundering directive - com/2021/423 final]. ### nominee shareholders and nominee directors of a corporate or other legal entities shall be prohibited.


### 1. obliged entities shall report to the fiu all suspicious transactions , including attempted transactions. ### 1. obliged entities shall report to the fiu all suspicions of money laundering , predicate offences and terrorist financing , including on attempted transactions.


### reporting to the fiu , on their own initiative , where the obliged entity knows , suspects or has reasonable grounds to suspect that funds , regardless of the amount involved , are the proceeds of criminal activity or are related to terrorist financing , and by responding to requests by the fiu for additional information in such cases; ### reporting to the fiu , on their own initiative , where the obliged entity knows , suspects or has reasonable grounds to suspect that funds or activities , regardless of the amount involved , are related to the proceeds of criminal activity or to terrorist financing , and by responding to requests by the fiu for additional information in such cases;


### for the purposes of points (a) and (b) , obliged entities shall reply to a request for information by the fiu within 5 days. in justified and urgent cases , fius shall be able to shorten such a deadline to 24 hours. ### for the purposes of points (a) and (b) , obliged entities shall reply to a request for information by the fiu within the appropriate deadline set by the fiu , depending on the complexity and urgency of the request. in justified and urgent cases , such as where transactions are in progress or a prompt action is required , fius may require the information to be provided immediately.


### a suspicion is based on the characteristics of the customer , the size and nature of the transaction or activity , the link between several transactions or activities and any other circumstance known to the obliged entity , including the consistency of the transaction or activity with the risk profile of the client. ### a suspicion may be based on the characteristics of the customer , the size and nature of the transaction or activity , the technique used , the pattern , the use of anonymising tools , the link between several transactions or activities and any other circumstance known to the obliged entity , including the origin or destination of the funds or assets or the transaction history , and the consistency of the transaction or activity with the risk profile of the client.


### 3. by [two years after entry into force of this regulation] , amla shall develop draft implementing technical standards and submit them to the commission for adoption. those draft implementing technical standards shall specify the format to be used for the reporting of suspicious transactions pursuant to paragraph 1. ### 3. by [two years after entry into force of this regulation] , amla shall develop draft implementing technical standards and submit them to the commission for adoption. those draft implementing technical standards shall specify the mechanism or format to be used for the reporting of suspicious transactions pursuant to paragraph 1. the technical standards shall include appropriate formats for the reporting of specific indicators that may be associated with crypto-asset transactions , including distributed ledger wallet addresses and transaction hashes.


### 1. credit institutions , financial institutions and crypto-asset service providers shall be prohibited from keeping anonymous accounts , anonymous passbooks , anonymous safe-deposit boxes or anonymous crypto-asset wallets as well as any account otherwise allowing for the anonymisation of the customer account holder. ### 1. credit institutions , financial institutions and crypto-asset service providers shall be prohibited from keeping anonymous accounts , anonymous passbooks , anonymous safe-deposit boxes or crypto-asset privacy wallets , mixers and tumblers , otherwise allowing for the anonymisation of the customer account holder or any service that uses encryption and anonymisation tools to obfuscate transactions.


### 1. persons trading in goods or providing services may accept or make a payment in cash only up to an amount of eur 10 000 or equivalent amount in national or foreign currency , whether the transaction is carried out in a single operation or in several operations which appear to be linked. ### 1. persons trading in goods or providing services may accept or make a payment in cash only up to an amount of eur 1 000 or equivalent amount in national or foreign currency , whether the transaction is carried out in a single operation or in several operations which appear to be linked.


### companies that have nominee shareholders or shares in bearer form; ### shell companies , offshore vehicles , trusts , foundations and companies that have nominee shareholders or shares in bearer form or fiduciary deposits;


### the ownership structure of the company appears unusual or excessively complex given the nature of the company's business; ### the ownership structure of the company appears unusual or excessively complex and constructed in such a way to conceal beneficial ownership;


### products or transactions that might favour anonymity; ### products or transactions that might favour anonymity , including anonymity-enhanced cryptocurrency (aec) or privacy coins;


### payment received from unknown or unassociated third parties; ### payment or transfers of assets received from unknown or unassociated third parties;


### transactions related to oil , arms , precious metals , tobacco products , cultural artefacts and other items of archaeological , historical , cultural and religious importance , or of rare scientific value , as well as ivory and protected species; ### transactions related to oil , arms , precious metals , and stones or jewels and luxury watches , tobacco products , luxury real estate and luxury cars , vessels , aircrafts , cultural artefacts , high value digital collectibles and other items of archaeological , historical , cultural and religious importance , or of rare scientific value , as well as ivory and protected species;


### force majeure; ### deleted


### unavoidable habitat transformations which are directly caused by climate change: or ### deleted


### 1. member states shall make an inventory of barriers to longitudinal and lateral connectivity of surface waters and identify the barriers that need to be removed to contribute to the achievement of the restoration targets set out in article 4 of this regulation and of the objective of restoring at least 25 000 km of rivers into free-flowing rivers in the union by 2030 , without prejudice to directive 2000/60/ec , in particular articles 4(3) , 4(5) and 4(7) thereof , and regulation 1315/2013 , in particular article 15 thereof. ### 1. member states shall make an inventory of barriers to longitudinal and lateral connectivity of surface waters and identify the barriers that need to be removed to contribute to the achievement of the restoration targets set out in article 4 of this regulation , including the improvements in connectivity needed to restore migration corridors for species to be able to migrate between their different habitats and needed to restore river sediment connectivity with delta plains , and of the objective of restoring at least 15% of rivers length into free-flowing rivers in the union by 2030 , in complementarity with obligation under the directive 2000/60/ec.


### 3. the national restoration plans shall , where applicable , include the conservation measures that a member state intends to adopt under the common fisheries policy , including conservation measures in joint recommendations that a member state intends to initiate in accordance with the procedure set out in regulation (eu) no 1380/2013 , and any relevant information on those measures. ### 3. the national restoration plans shall , where applicable , include the conservation measures that a member state intends to adopt under the common fisheries policy , as well as the conservation measures in joint recommendations that a member state submitted in accordance with the procedure set out in regulation (eu) no 1380/2013 , and any relevant information on those measures.


### member states shall submit a draft of the national restoration plan referred to in articles 11 and 12 to the commission by… [op please insert the date = the first day of the month following 24 months after the date of entry into force of this regulation]. ### member states shall submit a draft of the national restoration plan referred to in articles 11 and 12 to the commission by… [op please insert the date = the first day of the month following 24 months after the date of entry into force of this regulation]. the commission shall make these draft plans publicly available.


### (75) in order to ensure the necessary adaptation of this regulation , the power to adopt acts in accordance with article 290 tfeu should be delegated to the commission in respect of amending annexes i to vii to adapt the group of habitats , to update the information on the common farmland bird index , as well as to adapt the list of biodiversity indicators for agricultural ecosystems , the list of biodiversity indicators for forest ecosystems and the list of marine species to the latest scientific evidence and the examples of restoration measures. it is of particular importance that the commission carries out appropriate consultations during its preparatory work , including at expert level , and that those consultations be conducted in accordance with the principles laid down in the interinstitutional agreement of 13 april 2016 on better law-making52. in particular , to ensure equal participation in the preparation of delegated acts , the european parliament and the council receive all documents at the same time as member states’ experts , and their experts systematically have access to meetings of commission expert groups dealing with the preparation of delegated acts. ### (75) in order to ensure the necessary adaptation of this regulation , the power to adopt acts in accordance with article 290 tfeu should be delegated to the commission in respect of amending annexes i to vii to adapt the group of habitats , to update the information on the common farmland bird index , as well as to adapt the list of biodiversity indicators for agricultural ecosystems , the list of biodiversity indicators for forest ecosystems and the list of marine species to the latest scientific evidence and the examples of restoration measures. in addition , the power to adopt acts in accordance with article 290 tfeu should be delegated to the commission to specify the method for monitoring pollinators , to specify the methods for monitoring the indicators for agricultural ecosystems listed in annex iv and article 9 and the indicators for forest ecosystems listed in annex vi and article 10 , and to develop a framework for setting the satisfactory levels of pollinators , the satisfactory levels of indicators for agricultural ecosystems listed in annex iv and article 9 and the satisfactory levels of indicators for forest ecosystems listed in annex vi and article 10. it is of particular importance that the commission carries out appropriate consultations during its preparatory work , including at expert level , and that those consultations be conducted in accordance with the principles laid down in the interinstitutional agreement of 13 april 2016 on better law-making52. in particular , to ensure equal participation in the preparation of delegated acts , the european parliament and the council receive all documents at the same time as member states’ experts , and their experts systematically have access to meetings of commission expert groups dealing with the preparation of delegated acts.


### unavoidable habitat transformations which are directly caused by climate change; or ### unavoidable habitat transformations which are directly caused by climate change , based on scientific evidence and provided that the member state has taken adequate mitigation measures; or


### (55) in order to reap the full biodiversity benefits , restoration and rewetting of areas of drained peatland should extend beyond the areas of wetlands habitat types listed in annex i of directive 92/43/eec that are to be restored and re-established. data about the extent of organic soils as well as their greenhouse gas emissions and removals are monitored and made available by lulucf sector reporting in national greenhouse gas inventories by member states , submitted to the unfccc. restored and rewetted peatlands can continue to be used productively in alternative ways. for example , paludiculture , the practice of farming on wet peatlands , can include cultivation of various types of reeds , certain forms of timber , blueberry and cranberry cultivation , sphagnum farming , and grazing with water buffaloes. such practices should be based on the principles of sustainable management and aimed at enhancing biodiversity so that they can have a high value both financially and ecologically. paludiculture can also be beneficial to several species which are endangered in the union and can also facilitate the connectivity of wetland areas and of associated species populations in the union. funding for measures to restore and rewet drained peatlands and to compensate possible losses of income can come from a wide range of sources , including expenditure under the union budget and union financing programmes. ### (55) in order to reap the full biodiversity benefits , restoration and rewetting of areas of drained peatland should extend beyond the areas of wetlands habitat types listed in annex i of directive 92/43/eec that are to be restored and re-established. data about the extent of organic soils as well as their greenhouse gas emissions and removals are monitored and made available by lulucf sector reporting in national greenhouse gas inventories by member states , submitted to the unfccc. appropriate management of wetlands is one of the good agricultural and ecological condition (gaec) and restored and rewetted peatlands can continue to be used productively in alternative ways. for example , paludiculture , the practice of farming on wet peatlands which newly constitutes an agricultural activity under the common agricultural policy , can include cultivation of various types of reeds , certain forms of timber , blueberry and cranberry cultivation , sphagnum farming , and grazing with water buffaloes. such practices should be based on the principles of sustainable management and aimed at enhancing biodiversity so that they can have a high value both financially and ecologically. paludiculture can also be beneficial to several species which are endangered in the union and can also facilitate the connectivity of wetland areas and of associated species populations in the union. funding for measures to restore and rewet drained peatlands and to compensate possible losses of income can come from a wide range of sources , including expenditure under the union budget and union financing programmes.


### (56) the new eu forest strategy for 203081 outlined the need to restore forest biodiversity. forests and other wooded land cover over 43 ,5 % of the eu’s land space. forest ecosystems that host rich biodiversity are vulnerable to climate change but are also a natural ally in adapting to and fighting climate change and climate-related risks , including through their carbon-stock and carbon-sink functions , and provide many other vital ecosystem services and benefits , such as the provision of timber and wood , food and other non-wood products , climate regulation , soil stabilisation and erosion control and the purification of air and water. ### (56) the new eu forest strategy for 203081 outlined the need to restore forest biodiversity. forests and other wooded land cover over 43 ,5 % of the eu’s land space. forest ecosystems are vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. natural forests that host rich biodiversity are however more resilient to the impacts of climate change and are also a natural ally in adapting to and fighting climate change and climate-related risks , including through their carbon-stock and carbon-sink functions. they provide many other vital ecosystem services , functions and benefits , such as the provision of timber and wood , food and other non-wood products , climate regulation , soil stabilisation and erosion control and the purification of air and water as well as proven positive effects on health and well-being.


### (57) restoration measures need to be put in place to enhance the biodiversity of forest ecosystems across the union , including in the areas not covered by habitat types falling within the scope of directive 92/43/eec. in the absence of a common method for assessing the condition of forest ecosystems that would allow for the setting of specific restoration targets for forest ecosystems , it is appropriate to set a general obligation to improve biodiversity in forest ecosystems and measure the fulfilment of that obligation on the basis of existing indicators , such as standing and lying deadwood , the share of forests with uneven-aged structure , forest connectivity , the common forest bird index82 , and the stock of organic carbon. ### (57) restoration measures need to be put in place to enhance the biodiversity of forest ecosystems across the union , including in the areas not covered by habitat types falling within the scope of directive 92/43/eec. in the absence of a common method for assessing the condition of forest ecosystems that would allow for the setting of specific restoration targets for forest ecosystems , it is appropriate to set a general obligation to improve biodiversity , the natural processes , the ecological integrity and the resilience of forest ecosystems and measure the fulfilment of that obligation on the basis of existing indicators , such as standing and lying deadwood , the share of forests with uneven-aged structure , forest connectivity , the common forest bird index82 , the stock of organic carbon and the native tree species composition. given the increasing vulnerability of forests to the impacts of climate change , in particular the increasing prevalence of forest fires , member states should take into account the risk of forest fires when deciding on and putting in place the necessary measures to comply with the given indicators. to this end , member states should also include relevant provisions in their national disaster prevention strategies.


### (57) restoration measures need to be put in place to enhance the biodiversity of forest ecosystems across the union , including in the areas not covered by habitat types falling within the scope of directive 92/43/eec. in the absence of a common method for assessing the condition of forest ecosystems that would allow for the setting of specific restoration targets for forest ecosystems , it is appropriate to set a general obligation to improve biodiversity in forest ecosystems and measure the fulfilment of that obligation on the basis of existing indicators , such as standing and lying deadwood , the share of forests with uneven-aged structure , forest connectivity , the common forest bird index82 , and the stock of organic carbon. ### (57) restoration measures need to be put in place to enhance the biodiversity of forest ecosystems across the union , including in the areas not covered by habitat types falling within the scope of directive 92/43/eec. restoration efforts should to a maximum possible extent support natural regeneration , also , inter alia , by respecting early and late seral stages , as these are characterized by the highest levels of biodiversity , which correlates with high amount of dead wood as crucial habitat and substrate for number of specialized species. until a common method for assessing the condition of forest ecosystems that would allow for the setting of specific restoration targets for forest ecosystems , it is appropriate to set a general obligation to improve biodiversity in forest ecosystems and measure the fulfilment of that obligation on the basis of existing indicators , such as standing and lying deadwood , the share of forests with uneven-aged structure , forest connectivity , veteran trees , the common forest bird index82 , and the stock of organic carbon.


### 2. the commission shall adopt implementing acts to establish a method for monitoring pollinator populations. those implementing acts shall be adopted in accordance with the examination procedure referred to in article 21(2). ### 2. the commission shall adopt delegated acts to establish science-based methods for monitoring pollinator populations and for identifying current baselines and appropriate targets . those delegated acts shall be adopted in accordance with the examination procedure referred to in article 20.


### 3. the method referred to in the paragraph 2 shall provide a standardised approach for collecting annual data on the abundance and diversity of pollinator species and for assessing pollinator population trends. ### 3. the method referred to in the paragraph 2 shall provide guidance to member states for the purpose of defining satisfactory levels pursuant to article 11.3 and a standardised approach for collecting annual data on the abundance and diversity of pollinator species and for assessing pollinator population trends and the effectiveness of restoration measures adopted by member states in accordance with paragraph 1.


### (4) [placeholder for the restoration target of the new global biodiversity framework to be agreed at cbd cop 15] ### (4) in december 2022 , parties to the un convention on biological diversity adopted with consensus the kunming-montreal global biodiversity framework (gbf) , a global framework to 2030 , which was accompanied by decisions inter alia on resource mobilisation , a monitoring framework , capacity building and a mechanism for planning , monitoring , reporting and review. target 2 of the gbf obliges parties to restore , by 2030 , at least 30 per cent of areas of degraded terrestrial , inland water , and coastal and marine ecosystems are under effective restoration , in order to enhance biodiversity and ecosystem functions and services , ecological integrity and connectivity. the important roles and rights of indigenous people and local communities are also recognised throughout the gbf and accompanying texts.


### — having regard to the treaty on the functioning of the european union (tfeu) , and in particular articles 3 , 4 , 5 , 11 , 38 , 39 , 43 and 349 , ### — having regard to the treaty on the functioning of the european union (tfeu) , and in particular articles 3 , 4 , 5 , 11 , 13 , 38 , 39 , 43 and 349 ,


### 1. calls on the commission to recognise , in the european protein strategy , the strategic role of the fisheries and aquaculture sectors as suppliers of marine-derived protein of the highest quality with one of the lowest carbon footprints; ### 1. calls on the commission to recognise in the european protein strategy the role of the fisheries and aquaculture sectors as suppliers of marine protein of high quality and one of the lowest carbon footprints , with plant-based protein having the lowest one;


### 2. by 30 june every year , member states shall submit to the commission a report on inspections and controls performed in the previous year , in accordance with the national control programmes and in compliance with the present regulation. ### 2. by 30 june every year , member states shall submit to the commission a report on inspections and controls performed in the previous year and on the measures taken to apply the system for awarding points , including the numbers of points awarded and cancelled , in accordance with the national control programmes and in compliance with the present regulation. the commission shall make such reports publicly accessible.


### 2. by 30 june every year , member states shall submit to the commission a report on inspections and controls performed in the previous year , in accordance with the national control programmes and in compliance with the present regulation. ### 2. by 30 june every year , member states shall submit to the commission a report on inspections and controls performed in the previous year , in accordance with the national control programmes and in compliance with the present regulation. these reports shall be made public on the official website of the member state submitting the report and on the public website of the commission.


### 1. where a member state does not respect its obligations for the implementation of a multiannual plan , and where the commission has evidence that the failure to respect those obligations constitutes a serious threat to the conservation of a stock or group of stocks , the commission may , by means of implementing acts , provisionally close the fisheries affected by those shortcomings for the member state concerned. ### 1. where a member state does not respect its obligations for the implementation of the rules on the common fisheries policy including rules on technical measures for the conservation of fishery resources and the protection of the marine ecosystems and rules under this regulation , and where the commission has evidence that the failure to respect those obligations constitutes a serious threat to the conservation of a stock or group of stocks , to the conservation status of a sensitive species or habitat , or to the protection of the marine environment , the commission may , by means of implementing acts , provisionally close the fisheries affected by those shortcomings for the member state concerned.


### 4. the commission shall , by means of implementing acts , lift the closure after the member state has demonstrated in writing to the satisfaction of the commission that the fisheries can be safely exploited. ### 4. the commission shall , by means of implementing acts , lift the closure after the member state has demonstrated in writing to the satisfaction of the commission that the fisheries can be safely exploited and the threat to the marine environment has been removed .


### in the case of an overfishing of a quota , allocation or share of a stock or a group of stocks available to a member state in a given year , the commission shall , by means of implementing acts , operate deductions in the following year or years from the annual quota , allocation or share of the member state which has overfished by applying a multiplying factor according to the following table:" ### in the case of an overfishing of a quota , allocation or share of a stock or a group of stocks available to a member state in a given year , the commission shall , by means of implementing acts , operate deductions in the following year from the annual quota , allocation or share of the member state which has overfished by applying a multiplying factor according to the following table:"


### 4. in the case of an overfishing of a quota , allocation or share of a stock or a group of stocks available to a member state in earlier years , the commission , may , by means of implementing acts , deduct quotas from future quotas of that member state to take account of the level of overfishing. ### 4. in the case of an overfishing of a quota , allocation or share of a stock or a group of stocks available to a member state in earlier years , the commission , shall , by means of implementing acts , deduct quotas from future quotas of that member state to take account of the level of overfishing.


### 5. if a deduction according to paragraphs 1 and 2 cannot be operated on the quota , allocation or share of a stock or group of stocks that was overfished as such because that quota , allocation or share of a stock or group of stocks is not or not sufficiently available to the member state concerned , the commission may , by means of implementing acts , deduct in the following year or years quotas for other stocks or groups of stocks available to that member state in the same geographical area , or with the same commercial value in accordance with paragraph 1. ### 5. if a deduction according to paragraphs 1 and 2 cannot be operated on the quota , allocation or share of a stock or group of stocks that was overfished as such because that quota , allocation or share of a stock or group of stocks is not or not sufficiently available to the member state concerned , the commission shall , by means of implementing acts , deduct in the following year or years quotas for other stocks or groups of stocks available to that member state in the same geographical area , or with the same commercial value in accordance with paragraph 1.


### 3. if a deduction according to paragraph 2 cannot be operated on the maximum allowable fishing effort for a stock that was exceeded as such because such maximum allowable fishing effort for that stock is not or not sufficiently available to the member state concerned , the commission , by means of implementing acts , may deduct in the following year or years fishing effort available to that member state in the same geographical area in accordance with paragraph 2. ### 3. if a deduction according to paragraph 2 cannot be operated on the maximum allowable fishing effort for a stock that was exceeded as such because such maximum allowable fishing effort for that stock is not or not sufficiently available to the member state concerned , the commission , by means of implementing acts , shall deduct in the following year or years fishing effort available to that member state in the same geographical area in accordance with paragraph 2.


### 4. the commission may , by means of implementing acts , lay down detailed rules concerning the assessment of the maximum available effort against which the excess of utilisation shall be calculated. those implementing acts shall be adopted in accordance with the examination procedure referred to in article 119(2). ### 4. the commission shall , by means of implementing acts , lay down detailed rules concerning the assessment of the maximum available effort against which the excess of utilisation shall be calculated. those implementing acts shall be adopted in accordance with the examination procedure referred to in article 119(2).


### 1. where there is evidence that rules on the common fisheries policy are not being complied with by a member state and that this may lead to a serious threat to the conservation of stocks subject to fishing opportunities , the commission may , by means of implementing acts , operate deductions in the following year or years from the annual quotas , allocations or shares of a stock or group of stocks available to that member state , applying the proportionality principle by taking into account the damage caused to the stocks. ### 1. where there is evidence that rules on the common fisheries policy are not being complied with by a member state and that this may lead to a serious threat to the conservation of stocks subject to fishing opportunities , the commission shall , by means of implementing acts , operate deductions in the following year or years from the annual quotas , allocations or shares of a stock or group of stocks available to that member state , applying the proportionality principle by taking into account the damage caused to the stocks.


### data listed in paragraph 1(a)(ii) and (iii) may be provided to scientific bodies of member states , scientific bodies of the union and eurostat. ### data listed in paragraph 1(a)(ii) and (iii) shall be provided to scientific bodies of member states , scientific bodies of the union and eurostat , and to any natural or legal person that can demonstrate a legitimate interest.


### 3. by way of derogation from paragraph 2 , quantities of fishery products totalling less than 30kg of fishery products of several species and coming from the same relevant geographical area and of the same presentation , per vessel and per day , may be put into the same lot by the operator of the fishing vessel , the producer organisation of which the operator of the fishing vessel is a member or by a registered buyer , prior to the placing on the market. ### 3. by way of derogation from paragraph 2 , quantities of fishery products totalling less than 50kg of fishery products of several species and coming from the same relevant geographical area and of the same presentation , per vessel and per day , may be put into the same lot by the operator of the fishing vessel , the producer organisation of which the operator of the fishing vessel is a member or by a registered buyer , prior to the placing on the market.


### the date of catches for fishery products or date of harvest for aquaculture products , and the date of production where applicable; ### the date of catches for fishery products or date of harvest for aquaculture products , or the date of production where applicable;


### the relevant geographical area(s) for fishery products caught at sea , or the catch or production area as defined in article 38(1) of regulation (eu) no 1379/2013 for fishery products caught in freshwater and aquaculture products; ### the relevant geographical area(s) for fishery products caught at sea reported according to the fao statistical area/sub area/division where the catch was taken and indication whether the catch was taken on the high seas , or within an eez if not already referred by an rfmo regulatory area , or the catch or production area as defined in article 38(1) of regulation (eu) no 1379/2013 for fishery products caught in freshwater and aquaculture products;


### 7. member states may exempt from the requirements set out in this article small quantities of products sold directly from fishing vessels to consumers , provided that these do not exceed 5kg of fishery product per consumer per day. ### 7. member states may exempt from the requirements set out in this article the direct sale of small quantities of products to consumers by the master or their delegate , provided that these quantities do not exceed 5kg of fishery product per consumer per day.


### the tasks of the single authority referred to in article 5(5) with regards to the fishing logbook; ### deleted


### (1) the common fisheries policy has been reformed by regulation (eu) no 1380/2013 of the european parliament and council28. the objectives of the common fisheries policy and the requirements for fisheries control and enforcement are set out in articles 2 and 36 of that regulation. its successful implementation depends on the effective and up-to-date control and enforcement system. ### (1) the common fisheries policy has been reformed by regulation (eu) no 1380/2013 of the european parliament and council28. the objectives of the common fisheries policy and the requirements for fisheries control and enforcement are set out in articles 2 and 36 of that regulation. its successful implementation depends on the effective , proportional , uniform and up-to-date control and enforcement system.


### (3) the declining condition of eastern baltic cod (gadus morhua) has been linked to that situation. according to ices , the stock suffers from an unsustainably low biomass due to a combination of declining recruitment , environmental factors and changes in the ecosystem leading to a high natural mortality (about three times the fishing mortality) , and an excessive fishing mortality given the status of the stock. the biomass of commercial sized cod is presently at the lowest level observed since the 1950s. moreover , ices estimates that the spawning stock biomass will remain below the sustainability reference point in the medium-term (2024) even with no fishing at all. in its stock advice for 2020 ices therefore advises zero catches. ### (3) the declining condition of eastern baltic cod (gadus morhua) has been linked to that situation. according to ices , the stock suffers from an unsustainably low biomass due to a combination of declining recruitment , environmental factors , low availability of prey species , and changes in the ecosystem leading to a high natural mortality (about three times the fishing mortality) , and an excessive fishing mortality given the status of the stock. the biomass of commercial sized cod is presently at the lowest level observed since the 1950s. moreover , ices estimates that the spawning stock biomass will remain below the sustainability reference point in the medium-term (2024) even with no fishing at all. in its stock advice for 2020 ices therefore advises zero catches.


### (7) the fishing fleets so far dependent on eastern baltic cod do not have the possibility to fish for other stocks as an alternative. it is estimated that offsetting the economic losses caused by the eastern baltic cod closure would require additional catches of around 20 ,000 tonnes in alternative species. however , the council also agreed severe reductions for other stocks , and notably a reduction of 65% for western baltic herring , 60% for western baltic cod , 32% for plaice , 27% for herring in the gulf of bothnia and 22% for sprat. ### (7) the fishing fleets so far dependent on eastern baltic cod do not have the possibility to fish for other stocks as an alternative. it is estimated that offsetting the economic losses caused by the eastern baltic cod closure would require additional catches of around 20 ,000 tonnes in alternative species. however , the council also agreed severe reductions for other stocks , and notably a reduction of 65% for western baltic herring , 60% for western baltic cod , 32% for plaice , 27% for herring in the gulf of bothnia and 22% for sprat , while not completely following the scientific recommendations.


### (13) given the serious condition of the eastern baltic cod stock additional measures to control the fisheries catching eastern baltic cod should be introduced. the threshold quantity as of which a fishing vessel is required to land its catch in a specific place should be reduced to 250kg. moreover , masters of fishing vessels having quotas for cod and fishing in areas where eastern baltic cod is present are to ensure that their fishing activity can be monitored at any time by the national competent authorities. ### (13) given the serious condition of the eastern baltic cod stock additional measures to control the fisheries catching eastern baltic cod should be introduced. the threshold quantity as of which a fishing vessel is required to land its catch in a specific place should be reduced to 200kg. moreover , masters of fishing vessels having quotas for cod and fishing in areas where eastern baltic cod is present are to ensure that their fishing activity can be monitored at any time by the national competent authorities.


### (14) ices issued an analytical assessment of eastern baltic cod but was not in a position to provide fishing mortality ranges and various reference points because of a lack of required data. therefore , data collection is to be improved by ensuring that the observer coverage at sea of vessels catching eastern baltic cod is at least 20%. ### (14) ices issued an analytical assessment of eastern baltic cod but was not in a position to provide fishing mortality ranges and various reference points because of a lack of required data. therefore , data collection is to be improved by ensuring that the observer coverage at sea of vessels catching eastern baltic cod is at least 30%.


### (18) given the fragile ecosystem in the baltic sea , support for the permanent cessation of fishing activities should not be granted for the retrofitting of fishing vessels for other activities than commercial fishing , such as recreational fishing , which could have a detrimental impact on the ecosystem. therefore , such support should only be granted for the scrapping of fishing vessels. ### (18) given the fragile ecosystem in the baltic sea , support for the permanent cessation of fishing activities should not be granted for the retrofitting of fishing vessels for any other activity that could have a detrimental impact on the ecosystem. therefore , such support should only be granted for the scrapping of fishing vessels.


### 250 kilograms of cod;. ### 200 kilograms of cod;.


### union vessels with an allocation of fishing opportunities for cod in ices subdivisions 24-32 shall be subject to at least 20 % observer coverage at sea.. ### union vessels with an allocation of fishing opportunities for cod in ices subdivisions 22-24 and 24-32 shall be subject to at least 30 % observer coverage at sea..


### 3. points out that the agreement is of limited interest where fisheries and aquaculture products are concerned; highlights that , of the 275 gis covered by the agreement , only one is for an aquaculture product: marennes oléron oysters (france); emphasises , however , that it is an agreement that should be strongly supported as it could act as a basis for the inclusion and recognition in the future of eu fisheries and aquaculture products; ### 3. points out that the agreement is of limited interest where fisheries and aquaculture products are concerned; highlights that none of the 275 eu gis covered by the agreement , are for fisheries products and only two are for aquaculture products: marennes oléron oysters (france) and scottish farmed salmon (united kingdom); emphasises , however , that it is an agreement that should be strongly supported as it could act as a basis for the inclusion and recognition in the future of eu fisheries and aquaculture products;


### i. whereas there is a strong scientific consensus that mpas are beneficial to fisheries because of their spillover effect and their positive effects on recruitment; ### i. whereas there is a strong scientific consensus that mpas are beneficial to fisheries because of their spillover effect and their positive effects on recruitment , for example through the protection of reproduction sites , protection of juveniles and big mother fishes with high reproductive capacities;


### i. whereas there is a strong scientific consensus that mpas are beneficial to fisheries because of their spillover effect and their positive effects on recruitment; ### (does not affect the english version.)


### 3. urges the commission to strengthen the implementation of the ecosystem approach to fisheries management in order to minimise negative impacts on marine ecosystems , fish stocks and society; ### 3. urges the commission to strengthen the implementation of the ecosystem approach to fisheries management in order to minimise the negative impacts of fishing activities and other factors such as climate change on marine ecosystems , fish stocks and society , including by increasingly applying multi-species approaches;


### 5. considers that the eu should go beyond current fisheries management practices and promote a transition towards low-impact fisheries in order to rebuild fish stocks and restore marine ecosystems; ### 5. considers that the eu should go beyond current fisheries management practices and promote a transition towards low-impact fisheries in order , not only to preserve fish stocks at current levels but , more importantly , to rebuild fish stocks and restore marine ecosystems;


### (4) at its 21st special meeting in 2018 , the international commission for the conservation of atlantic tunas (‘iccat’) , established by the convention , adopted recommendation 18-02 establishing a multiannual management plan for bluefin tuna in the eastern atlantic and the mediterranean (‘the management plan’).the management plan follows the advice from the iccat’s standing committee on research and statistics (‘scrs’) stating that iccat should establish a multiannual management plan for the stock in 2018 since the current status of the stock no longer appears to require the emergency measures introduced under the recovery plan for bluefin tuna (established by recommendation 17-17 amending recommendation 14-04). ### (4) at its 21st special meeting in 2018 , the international commission for the conservation of atlantic tunas (‘iccat’) , established by the convention , adopted recommendation 18-02 establishing a multiannual management plan for bluefin tuna in the eastern atlantic and the mediterranean (‘the management plan’). the management plan follows the advice from the iccat’s standing committee on research and statistics (‘scrs’) stating that iccat should establish a multiannual management plan for the stock in 2018 since the current status of the stock no longer appears to require the emergency measures introduced under the recovery plan for bluefin tuna (established by recommendation 17-17 amending recommendation 14-04) , but without weakening monitoring and control measures.


### 8. welcomes the agency’s continued cooperation with the european border and coast guard agency (frontex) and the european maritime safety agency (emsa) to support national authorities carrying out coastguard functions; considers that cooperation to be an example of synergy between union agencies that should inspire agencies in other areas; calls on the agency to continue its efforts in that regard and considers it appropriate also to increase the cooperation between the agency and the european environment agency; ### 8. takes note of the agency’s continued cooperation with the european border and coast guard agency (frontex) and the european maritime safety agency (emsa) to support national authorities carrying out coastguard functions in line with article 8 of regulation (eu) 2019/473; considers that cooperation to be an example of synergy between union agencies that should inspire agencies in other areas; calls on the agency to continue its efforts in that regard and considers it appropriate also to increase the cooperation between the agency and the european environment agency;


### f. whereas , to date , there is no legislation at european level governing the implementation of co-management mechanisms , even if in many of its member states this system is being used to manage some of their fisheries , applying rules that fit in perfectly with the current common fisheries policy; ### f. whereas certain member states and regions have a legal framework for co-management , however , to date , there is no legislation at european level governing the implementation of co-management mechanisms , even if in many of its member states this system is being used to manage some of their fisheries , applying rules that fit in perfectly with the current common fisheries policy;


### g. whereas traditional management has not had the desired effects on improving stocks and maintaining employment; ### g. whereas traditional management has to some extent improved stock status and maintained employment;


### j. whereas , in all the cases of co-management mentioned above , the change in the role of fishers – from passive subjects who comply with the rules to protagonists in fisheries management – is fundamental to the success of the initiatives adopted , as they learn to understand the importance of the rules , to defend them and monitor compliance with them , and to manage their fishing methods in an ecosystem-based approach , understanding the importance of their fisheries in the ecosystems; ### j. whereas , in all the cases of co-management mentioned above , the change in the role of fishers – from passive subjects who comply with the rules to protagonists in fisheries management that comply with the agreed rules – is fundamental to the success of the initiatives adopted , as they learn to understand the importance of the rules , to defend them and monitor compliance with them , and to manage their fishing methods in an ecosystem-based approach , understanding the importance of their fisheries in the ecosystems;


### m. whereas the white paper on the governance of the european union establishes that policies should no longer be decided at the top , that the legitimacy of the eu now lies with the participation of its citizens and that the system of functioning of the union needs to be made more transparent since participation depends on people being able to take part in public debate; for this to happen , the general public needs to be more actively informed about european issues; whereas the white paper also proposes the involvement of local-government associations in policy development and greater flexibility in the implementation of certain community policies with a strong territorial impact; ### m. whereas the white paper on the governance of the european union stated that policies should no longer be decided at the top , that the legitimacy of the eu would lie with the participation of its citizens and that the system of functioning of the union needs to be made more transparent since participation depends on people being able to take part in public debate; for this to happen , the general public needs to be more actively informed about european issues; whereas the white paper also proposes the involvement of local-government associations in policy development and greater flexibility in the implementation of certain community policies with a strong territorial impact; whereas the reformed common fisheries policy introduced the concept of regionalisation and expanded the range of advisory council to consult stakeholders;


### o. whereas co-management , being a participatory and co-responsibility model , is more transparent , proactive and democratic , and helps to generate educational synergies regarding the management of common resources and a culture of responsibility , establishing networks of trust and contributing to reducing conflict and overcoming reticence in order to implement innovations in fisheries management; ### o. whereas co-management , being a participatory and co-responsibility model , is more transparent , proactive and equally democratic , and helps to generate educational synergies regarding the management of common resources and a culture of responsibility , establishing networks of trust and contributing to reducing conflict and overcoming reticence in order to implement innovations in fisheries management;


### 2. considers that in all cases of co-management there is a clear improvement in the sustainability of resources at environmental level , maintaining the economic and social benefits of the activity , as social and economic actors are directly involved in decision-making in co-management; notes that such co-governance systems have been found to be more resilient to shocks such as covid and to reduce conflicts and improve fluidity in decision-making on fisheries management , fostering democratisation , transparency , trust and compliance with regulations; ### 2. considers that in all cases of co-management there is a clear potential for improvement in the sustainability of resources at environmental level , maintaining the economic and social benefits of the activity , as social and economic actors are directly involved in decision-making in co-management; notes that such co-governance systems have been found to be more resilient to shocks such as covid and to reduce conflicts and improve fluidity in decision-making on fisheries management , fostering democratisation , transparency , trust and compliance with regulations;


### 3. points out that co-management has been proven to favour consensual decision-making between the administration , the sector and research bodies , which always act in accordance with the principles of the common fisheries policy and other relevant regulations , applying the precautionary approach in all cases to ensure that resources are exploited in a manner that is fully sustainable on the basis of the maximum sustainable yield of the target species; ### 3. points out that co-management has been proven to favour consensual decision-making between the administration , relevant stakeholders and research bodies that shall always act in accordance with the principles of the common fisheries policy and other relevant regulations , applying the precautionary approach in all cases to ensure that resources are exploited in a manner that is fully sustainable on the basis of the maximum sustainable yield of the target species;


### 5. stresses that , as research bodies are directly involved in co-management systems , improved scientific data collection is ensured; it should be noted that this system makes it possible to generate data and knowledge that cannot otherwise be obtained given the close relationship between all the parties involved (administration , industry and researchers – the so-called triple helix) , thus developing the capacity of all of them to use this information to generate rapid and effective responses to any issues that may affect fisheries; ### 5. stresses that , as research bodies are directly involved in co-management systems , improved scientific data collection is ensured; it should be noted that this system makes it possible to generate data and knowledge that can otherwise be difficult to obtain , given the close relationship between all the parties involved (administration , industry and researchers – the so-called triple helix) , thus developing the capacity of all of them to use this information to generate rapid and effective responses to any issues that may affect fisheries;


### 14. calls on the commission to promote , within the european maritime , fisheries and aquaculture fund (emff) , a commitment to co-management models for fisheries with adequate funding; ### 14. calls on the commission to promote , within the rules of the european maritime , fisheries and aquaculture fund (emfaf) , a commitment to co-management models for fisheries with adequate funding;


### 15. advocates that the new cfp incorporate co-management , which is defined by the fao (food and agriculture organisation of the united nations) as the resource management process in which the government shares its authority with users , each party being given specific responsibilities and rights with regard to information and decision-making; ### 15. recommends that any potential future reform of the cfp incorporates co-management , which is defined by the fao (food and agriculture organisation of the united nations) “a partnership arrangement in which the community of local resource users (fishers) and government , with support and assistance as needed from other stakeholders (boat owners , fish traders , fish processors , boat builders , business people , etc.) and external agents (non-governmental organisation , academic and research institutions) , share the responsibility and authority for the management of the fishery";


### 16. notes that global fisheries management is mainly based on a top-down state-centred approach , focused on industrial or large-scale fisheries , economic efficiency , environmental sustainability , and is guided by scientific research in marine biology; considers that this approach would not be valid for small-scale fisheries that need the involvement of the fishing community in fisheries management tools , and that it has not been the best approach with regard to semi-industrial and industrial fisheries globally; ### 16. notes that global fisheries management is mainly based on a top-down state-centred approach , focused on industrial or large-scale fisheries , economic efficiency , environmental sustainability , and is guided by scientific research in marine biology; considers that this approach is not always appropriate for small-scale fisheries that need the involvement of the fishing community in fisheries management tools that also need to be based on environmental sustainability and guided by scientific research in marine biology , and that it has not been the best approach with regard to semi-industrial and industrial fisheries globally;


### 17. stresses that the choice of instrument used in the management of fisheries resources is largely up to governments , although experience around the world shows that various forms of partnership between government , industry and fishers strengthen management and produce good results; points out that the 1987 report ‘our common future’ , commonly known as the brundtland report , already concluded that in order to achieve sustainable development and therefore also sustainable management of natural resources , communities should have greater access to and control over decisions affecting their resources , always in cooperation with the relevant administrations and organisations (world commission on environment and development , 19879 ); ### 17. stresses that the choice of instrument used in the management of fisheries resources is largely up to governments , although experience around the world shows that various forms of partnership between government , industry and fishers strengthen management and produce good results; points out that the 1987 report ‘our common future’ , commonly known as the brundtland report , already concluded that in order to achieve sustainable development and therefore also sustainable management of natural resources , communities should have greater access to and participation in the decision-making process affecting common resources , including increased responsibility , always in cooperation with the relevant administrations and organisations (world commission on environment and development , 19879 );


### 18. reiterates that fisheries co-management already exists and has been successful in many of the known cases , and that there are legislative initiatives in this regard , both at local level , such as in galicia , catalonia and andalusia in spain , and at state level , such as in portugal , italy , sweden , croatia and the netherlands; stresses that the lack of standardisation of regulations at european level prevents this system from being applied in other regions and countries; ### 18. reiterates that fisheries co-management already exists and has been successful in many of the known cases , and that there are legislative initiatives in this regard , both at local level , such as in galicia , catalonia and andalusia in spain , and at state level , such as in portugal , italy , sweden , croatia and the netherlands;


### — having regard to articles 3 , 4 , 38 , 43 and 349 of the treaty on the functioning of the european union , ### — having regard to articles 3 , 4 , 13 , 38 , 43 and 349 of the treaty on the functioning of the european union ,


### a. whereas the common fisheries policy states that aquaculture should contribute to the preservation of food production potential on a sustainable basis throughout the union so as to guarantee long-term food security , including food supplies , growth and employment for union citizens , and contribute to meeting the growing world demand for aquatic food; ### a. whereas the common fisheries policy states that aquaculture should avoid the degradation of the marine environment and contribute to the preservation of food production potential on a sustainable basis throughout the union so as to guarantee long-term food security , including food supplies , growth and employment for union citizens , and contribute to meeting the growing world demand for aquatic food;


### b. whereas the european green deal , the biodiversity strategy and the farm to fork strategy aim to achieve a carbon neutral europe by 2050 and make food systems fair , healthy and environmentally friendly across the union; whereas aquaculture can provide healthy food with a smaller climate and environmental footprint than that of land-based farming; ### b. whereas the european green deal , the biodiversity strategy and the farm to fork strategy aim to achieve a carbon neutral europe by 2050 and make food systems fair , healthy and environmentally friendly across the union; whereas certain types of aquaculture can provide healthy food with a smaller climate and environmental footprint than that of land-based farming; whereas the majority of aquaculture activities depend on a supply of catches from wild fish populations;


### (2) therefore , it should be possible for the european maritime and fisheries fund (emff) established by regulation (eu) no 508/2014 of the european parliament and of the council3 to support specific measures to mitigate the effects of the market disruption caused by the military aggression of russia against ukraine on the supply chain of fishery and aquaculture products. those measures should comprise financial compensation to recognised producer organisations and associations of producer organisations which store fishery or aquaculture in accordance with articles 30 and 31 of regulation (eu) no 1379/2013 of the european parliament and of the council4 , and financial compensation to operators of the fishery and aquaculture sector for their income forgone , and for additional costs they incurred due to the market disruption caused by the military aggression of russia against ukraine and its effects on the supply chain of fishery and aquaculture products. expenditure for operations supported under those measures should be eligible as of 24 february 2022 , which is the date of the start of the military aggression of russia against ukraine. ### (2) therefore , it should be possible for the european maritime and fisheries fund (emff) established by regulation (eu) no 508/2014 of the european parliament and of the council3 to support specific measures to mitigate the effects of the market disruption caused by the military aggression of russia against ukraine on the supply chain of fishery and aquaculture products. those measures should comprise financial compensation to recognised producer organisations and associations of producer organisations which store fishery or aquaculture in accordance with articles 30 and 31 of regulation (eu) no 1379/2013 of the european parliament and of the council4 , and financial compensation to operators of the fishery and aquaculture sector for their income forgone , and for additional costs they incurred due to the market disruption caused by the military aggression of russia against ukraine and its effects on the supply chain of fishery and aquaculture products. expenditure for operations supported under those measures should be eligible as of 24 february 2022 , which is the date of the start of the military aggression of russia against ukraine. when implementing those provisions , member states should prioritise support measures for small-scale fisheries.


### (3) it should also be possible for the emff to support financial compensation for the temporary cessation of fishing activities where the military aggression of russia against ukraine jeopardises the security of fishing activities. such temporary cessation should occur as of 24 february 2022 , which is the date of the start of the military aggression of russia against ukraine. ### (3) it should also be possible for the emff to support financial compensation for the temporary cessation of fishing activities where the military aggression of russia against ukraine jeopardises the security of fishing activities. such temporary cessation should occur as of 24 february 2022 , which is the date of the start of the military aggression of russia against ukraine. when implementing these provisions , member states should prioritise support measures for small-scale fisheries.


### (4) given the significant socio-economic consequences of the market disruption caused by the military aggression of russia against ukraine on the supply chain of fishery and aquaculture products , it should be possible to support the temporary cessation of fishing activities caused by the military aggression of russia against ukraine with a maximum co-financing rate of 75 % of eligible public expenditure. ### (4) given the significant socio-economic consequences of the market disruption caused by the military aggression of russia against ukraine on the supply chain of fishery and aquaculture products , it should be possible to support the temporary cessation of fishing activities caused by the military aggression of russia against ukraine with a maximum co-financing rate of 75 % of eligible public expenditure. when those temporary cessation measures concern small-scale fisheries , it should be possible to apply a maximum co-financing rate of 100 %.


### c. whereas it was agreed in the eu-uk trade and cooperation agreement that eu fishing vessels would continue to have access to uk waters and would therefore continue to share the european marine space which currently contains 110 offshore wind farms with more than 5 000 wind turbines; ### c. whereas it was agreed in the eu-uk trade and cooperation agreement that eu fishing vessels would continue to have reciprocal access to uk waters and would therefore continue to share the european marine space which currently contains 110 offshore wind farms with more than 5 000 wind turbines;


### g. whereas the maritime spatial planning directive (2014/89/eu) states that member states must take into consideration the interactions of activities and uses such as aquaculture , fishing , and installations and infrastructures for the production of energy from renewable sources , as well as submarine cables , and promote the coexistence of relevant activities; ### g. whereas the maritime spatial planning directive (2014/89/eu) states that member states must take into consideration the interactions of activities and uses such as aquaculture , fishing , and installations and infrastructures for the production of energy from renewable sources , as well as submarine cables , and promote the coexistence of relevant activities , and apply an ecosystem-based approach;


### h. whereas around 80 % of all fishing companies in the eu are small-scale enterprises , with most being family-run businesses that go back generations , operating mainly in coastal waters; ### h. whereas around 80 % of all fishing vessels in the eu are small-scale vessels , with most being family-run businesses that go back generations , operating mainly in coastal waters;


### i. whereas the cumulation of current and future offshore renewable developments has the biggest impact on trawling fleets targeting demersal species and crustaceans; ### i. whereas , according to the 2020 eprs study on the ‘impact of the use of offshore wind and other marine renewables on european fisheries’ , the cumulation of current and future offshore renewable development affects mostly trawling fleets targeting mixed demersal species and crustaceans¸ whereas the composition of fishing effort varied greatly across fleets at individual planning sites; whereas bottom trawling has the biggest impact on the ocean seafloor;


### 1. is concerned about the negative long-term impact that offshore wind turbines have on ecosystems , fish stocks and biodiversity , and consequently on fisheries as a whole , over their life cycle , from construction through operation and decommissioning; ### 1. is concerned about the potential long-term impact that offshore wind turbines have in certain cases on ecosystems , fish stocks and biodiversity , and consequently on fisheries as a whole , over their life cycle , from construction through operation and decommissioning; recalls that these impacts can be strongly reduced by taking appropriate and widely applied measures;


### 1. recalls the eu’s sustainable commitment to achieving its zero-carbon climate target by 2050 , as confirmed in the european green deal and the recovery plan; ### 1. recalls the eu’s commitment to achieving net zero greenhouse gases emissions target by 2050 at the latest; stresses that these emissions should be reduced by at least 65% by 2030 compared to 1990 emissions in order for the union to contribute to limiting global warming to less than 1.5°c by the end of the century , in line with the latest scientific evidence;


### 2. stresses that the large-scale roll-out of offshore wind farms (owfs) risks harming the physical functioning of the sea basin , in particular sea and air currents , which might contribute to a mixing of the stratified water column and consequently influence the nutrient cycle , wave generation , tidal amplitudes and bedload sediment transport , while infrasonic noise from rotating blades could chase fish away from owfs , and electromagnetic fields from underwater cables , as well as underwater noise from pile driving , could have severe negative impacts on marine life; ### 2. stresses that the large-scale roll-out of offshore wind farms (owfs) risks , in certain cases , affecting the physical functioning of the sea basin , in particular sea and air currents , which might contribute to a mixing of the stratified water column and consequently influence the nutrient cycle , wave generation , tidal amplitudes and bedload sediment transport , and the effects of these must be closely monitored , while infrasonic noise from rotating blades could chase fish away from owfs , and electromagnetic fields from underwater cables , as well as underwater noise from pile driving , could have severe negative impacts on marine life if not mitigated;


### 3. stresses that potential artificial reef effects are limited to the operational phase of an offshore wind turbine and that decommissioning may make any benefits temporary; ### 3. stresses that , if not strategically planned with a long-term perspective , potential artificial reef effects could be limited to the operational phase of an offshore wind turbine and that decommissioning may make any benefits temporary;


### 4. proposes to assess the combination and integration of owfs within maritime protected areas (mpas) against clearly defined habitat and biodiversity conservation objectives , including those pertaining to fisheries resources; ### 4. proposes to assess the combination and integration of owfs within marine protected areas (mpas) against clearly defined climate , habitat and biodiversity conservation objectives , including those pertaining to fisheries resources , while excluding owfs in protected areas designated hitherto as well as excluding any economic activity , also owfs , in strictly protected areas;


### 5. states that owfs can have an impact on fisheries by changing the spatial distribution and abundance of commercially fished marine species as well as through their closure for safety reasons or the imposition of a change in fishing activity or method , for example from active to passive; ### 5. states that owfs can have an impact on fisheries by changing the spatial distribution of commercially fished marine species as well as through their closure for safety reasons or the imposition of a change in fishing activity or method if regulated accordingly , for example from active to passive;


### 6. stresses that small-scale fishing enterprises will be particularly affected by displacement as they may not have the capacity to move to fishing grounds further afield or to change fishing method; ### 6. stresses that small-scale fishers will be particularly affected in case of displacement as they may not have the capacity to move to fishing grounds further afield or to change fishing method; recommends therefore the exclusion of large scale vessels above 12 metres from inshore waters in order to mitigate the displacement effect on small-scale fishers;


### 7. stresses that insurance for fishing vessels operating in wind farms is very problematic owing to the insufficient indemnity levels offered by fishing vessels’ insurance policies; ### 7. stresses that , in some cases , insurance for fishing vessels operating in wind farms is very problematic owing to the insufficient indemnity levels offered by fishing vessels’ insurance policies;


### 8. points out that any restriction on access to traditional fishing grounds directly affects the livelihoods of eu fishers and dependent jobs ashore , and that it undermines the responsible and sustainable provision of food security; ### 8. points out that any restriction on access to traditional fishing grounds directly affects the livelihoods of eu fishers and dependent jobs ashore;


### 9. stresses that overlap analysis of offshore renewables and fisheries suggests a sharp increase in special conflict potential in european waters over the coming years; ### 9. stresses that overlap analysis of offshore renewables and fisheries suggests a sharp increase in special conflict potential in european waters over the coming years , if not mitigated;


### 12. stresses that the decommissioning of offshore wind turbines must neither generate enduring environmental impacts nor pose safety risks to fishing vessels due to any remaining sub-seabed infrastructure; ### 12. stresses that the decommissioning of offshore wind turbines must neither generate enduring environmental impacts nor pose safety risks to fishing vessels due to any remaining sub-seabed infrastructure; recommends therefore that such areas either remain owf through repowering or that decommissioned areas be designated as strictly protected areas to mitigate potential safety issues and preserve artificial reefs;


### 13. highlights that assessments of the economic and socio-cultural effects of offshore renewables on fisheries are lacking in recent empirical studies; urges the commission , therefore , to carry out further research looking beyond environmental impacts in order to assess the possible negative economic and social impacts on fisheries of investments in owfs; ### 13. highlights that assessments of the economic and socio-cultural effects of offshore renewables on fisheries are lacking in recent empirical studies; urges the commission , therefore , to carry out further research in addition to environmental impacts in order to assess the possible negative economic and social impacts on fisheries of investments in owfs;


### 17. stresses that owfs should only be built if the exclusion of negative environmental and ecological , as well as economic and socio-cultural impacts is guaranteed , in line with the objectives of the blue economy and the european green deal; ### 17. stresses that in the development of owfs the negative environmental and ecological , as well as economic and socio-cultural impacts should be minimised and where possible mitigated , in line with the objectives of the blue economy and the european green deal;


### 18. calls on the commission to carry out an impact assessment to examine the expected economic , social and environmental consequences of constructing owf facilities where they are likely to come into conflict with both the fishing sector and the sustainability of marine life; ### 18. calls on the commission to carry out an impact assessment to examine the expected economic , social and environmental consequences of constructing owf facilities where they are likely to come into conflict with both the fishing sector and the sustainability of marine life , including considerations of the consequences of inaction with regard to climate change;


### i. whereas according to the report drawn as part of the emblas-plus project on the black sea , the black sea has almost twice as much waste as the mediterranean; ### i. whereas the black sea characteristics such as its large drainage basin makes it a particularly sensitive area for marine litter pollution as well as to micro-plastic accumulation , whereas according to the report drawn as part of the emblas-plus project on the black sea , the black sea has almost twice as much waste as the mediterranean;


### l. whereas the black sea ecosystem depends on major european rivers such as the danube; whereas both the danube and the black sea are home to certain species , including the sturgeon; ### l. whereas the black sea ecosystem depends on major european rivers such as the danube; whereas this dependency creates a close link between the ecological status of the danube and others rivers and the one of the black sea , whereas these rivers transport large amounts of natural and anthropogenic debris from in-land sources; whereas both the danube and the black sea are home to certain species , including the sturgeon;


### 2. notes that statistics show that a large proportion of key fish stocks are being overfished; stresses that this has been a growing trend in recent years; ### 2. notes that statistics show that only one stock (sprat) is considered sustainably exploited and that other key fish stocks are being overfished to the extent that some of them are close to depletion; stresses that this has been a growing trend in recent years;


### 3. stresses the need for funding for scientific bodies researching stocks both of fish species , including migratory species such as the sturgeon , and non-fish species (veined whelks , mussels , etc.); ### 3. stresses that the lack of sufficient information concerning fishing activity , catch quantity , composition and its impact on the current state of the fish stocks are critical issues for the black sea region , underlines therefore the need for sufficient funding of the scientific bodies researching stocks of fish species , including migratory species such as the sturgeon , and non-fish species (veined whelks , mussels , etc.) , as well as linked parameters of the marine ecosystem;