### the implementation of horizon europe ' s programme - level objectives in an integrated manner will be ensured by multiannual strategic planning . such planning will provide the focus on impact for the programme overall and coherence between its different pillars , as well as synergy with other eu programmes and support to and from other eu policies . ### the implementation of horizon europe shall be steered by an inclusive and transparent strategic planning process of the research and innovation activities funded by the programme . the strategic planning process shall implement the horizon europe ' s programme - level objectives by defining the funding priorities . it will provide focus on impact for the programme and coherence between its different pillars , as well as synergy with other eu programmes and support to and from other eu policies . the strategic planning process and the adoption of the strategic r&i plan by means of a delegated act will increase ownership and understanding for the purpose of the programme by a wider public and will allow the co - legislators , stakeholders and member states to be fully informed on the envisaged initiatives . the strategic planning will help to develop and implement policy for the relevant areas covered , at union level as well as complementing policies in the member states . it will allow the simplification of the funding landscape , avoid duplication and overlaps between funding possibilities and promote faster dissemination and uptake of research and innovation results . in order to respond to those objectives , the commission will launch an open consultation phase with member states , the european parliament , stakeholders , including civil society organisations , about the strategic priorities including missions , under the global challenges and european industrial competitiveness pillar , and the suitable types of instruments , in particular the european partnerships . all partnerships and missions or any other strategic new initiative shall be identified in this strategic r&i plan before being implemented in work programmes . as regards european partnerships , the strategic r&i plan will outline and give the rationale for the creation , merge and phasing out of the european partnerships . all well - established partnerships , such as the joint technology initiatives , will be considered for continuation beyond 2020 due to their added - value in bringing and leveraging private investment and contribution to synergies of funds . as in horizon 2020 , proposals for joint undertakings will be presented as council regulations . on - going and new kics will be identified in the legislative proposal for a decision of the european parliament and the council on the eit strategic innovation agenda . ' fet flagships ' supported under horizon 2020 will continue to be supported under the programme . as they present substantial analogies with missions , other ' fet flagships ' , if any , maybe be supported under this framework programme as missions geared towards future and emerging technologies . the missions should strengthen the collaborative aspects of the programme and reinforce existing european partnerships , which could work as supporting implementation pillars of the missions . the missions will have technological and societal elements and will be defined in close cooperation with all relevant dgs . the strategic planning will identify existing links between horizon europe and other union programmes , including the euratom programme , which offer possibilities for synergies between union funds . horizon europe will become a point of reference for research and innovation in all related programmes across the union budget and non - funding instruments . this will also promote faster dissemination and uptake of research and innovation results and avoid duplication and overlaps between funding possibilities . it will provide the frame for linking the direct research actions of the joint research centre and other actions supported under the programme , including the use of results for support to policy .


### human activities are exerting increasing pressure on soils , seas and oceans , water , air , biodiversity and other natural resources . nourishing the planet ' s growing population is directly dependent on the health of natural systems and resources . however , combined with climate change , humanity ' s growing demand for natural resources creates environmental pressures that go far beyond sustainable levels , affecting ecosystems and their capacity to provide services for human well - being . the concepts of the circular economy , the bioeconomy and the blue economy provide an opportunity to balance environmental , social and economic goals and to set human activities on a path to sustainability . ### human activities are exerting increasing pressure on soils , seas and oceans , water , air , biodiversity and other natural resources . nourishing the planet ' s growing population is directly dependent on the health of natural systems and resources as the factors of agricultural production include both renewable and non - renewable natural resources . however , combined with climate change , humanity ' s growing demand for natural resources creates environmental pressures that go far beyond sustainable levels , affecting ecosystems and inhibiting their capacity to provide services maintaining human well - being in the long term . any production system that degradates the natural will not be sustainable , nor productive in the long - term and therefore not competitive . a functioning and prosperous ecosystem is the very basis for all resource utilization . recognising the large volume of well recognised existing scientific evidence on the link between degradation of the natural resource base , including biodiversity , and the functioning of natural and semi - natural ecosystems to provide essential services to society and acting on solutions proposed as a result of that science is crucial . the concepts of the circular economy , agroecology , sustainable bioeconomy and blue economy provide an opportunity to balance environmental , social and economic goals and to set human activities on a path to sustainability


### international joint action will ensure effective tackling of global societal challenges and sustainable development goals , access to the world ' s best talents , expertise and resources , and enhanced supply and demand of innovative solutions . ### international joint action will ensure effective tackling of global societal challenges embodied by the sustainable development goals and the paris agreement , access to the world ' s best talents , expertise and resources , and enhanced supply and demand of innovative solutions .


### improved understanding of health drivers and risk factors determined by the social , economic and physical environment in people’s everyday life and at the workplace , including the health impact of digitalisation , pollution , climate change and other environmental issues , will contribute to identify and mitigate health risks and threats ; to reducing death and illness from exposure to chemicals and environmental pollution ; to supporting environmental - friendly , healthy , resilient and sustainable living and working environments ; to promoting healthy lifestyles and consumption behaviour ; and to developing an equitable , inclusive and trusted society . ### improved understanding of health drivers and risk factors determined by the social , economic and physical environment in people’s everyday life and at the workplace , including the health impact of working conditions and digitalisation , pollution , climate change , clean sea and clean water , protection of the environment , preventive chemical control and other environmental issues , will contribute to identify and mitigate health risks and threats ; to reducing death and illness from exposure to chemicals and environmental pollution ; to supporting environmental - friendly , healthy , resilient and sustainable living and working environments ; to promoting healthy lifestyles and consumption behaviour ; and to developing an equitable , inclusive and trusted society .


### activities will build a knowledge base and deliver solutions to : sustainably manage and use natural resources from land and sea - and enhance the role of terrestrial and aquatic systems as carbon sinks ; ensure food and nutrition security , providing safe , healthy and nutritious diets ; accelerate the transition from a fossil - based linear economy to a resource efficient , resilient , low emission , low - carbon circular economy , and supporting the development of a sustainable bio - based economy and the blue economy ; and develop resilient and vibrant rural , coastal and urban areas . ### multi - and trans - disciplinary approaches utilising the expertise and experience of actors along value chains will be sought to build a knowledge base and deliver solutions to : protect sustainably manage and use natural resources from land and water and enhance the role of terrestrial and aquatic systems as carbon sinks with closed loop nutrient cycling and functional hydrological systems ; ensure food and nutrition security , sufficient for the union ' s needs and avoiding waste and overproduction , providing safe food and feed , healthy and nutritious diets ; accelerate the transition of food and farming systems towards agro - ecological approaches to benefit both conventional and organic agriculture ; support income diversification in rural areas ; accelerate the transition from a fossil - based linear economy to a resource efficient , resilient , net - zero ghg emission circular economy , and supporting the development of a sustainable bio - based economy and the blue economy ; and develop resilient and vibrant rural , coastal and urban areas .


### reflecting the importance of tackling climate change in line with the union ' s commitments to implement the paris agreement and the united nations sustainable development goals , this specific programme will contribute to mainstream climate actions and to the achievement of an overall target of 25 % of the eu budget expenditures supporting climate objectives . actions under this specific programme are expected to contribute 35% of the overall financial envelope of the specific programme to climate objectives . relevant actions will be identified during the specific programme ' s preparation and implementation , and reassessed in the context of the relevant evaluations and review processes . ### acknowledging climate change as one of the biggest and most important global and societal challenges , and reflecting the importance of tackling climate change in line with the union ' s commitments to implement the paris agreement and the united nations sustainable development goals , this specific programme will contribute to mainstream climate actions and to the achievement of an overall target of 25% of the eu budget expenditures supporting climate objectives , while it should also be ensured that the remaining part of the expenditures will not create negative climate and environmental effects . actions under the specific programme should contribute at least 35% of the overall financial envelope of the specific programme to the climate objectives . relevant actions will be identified , in consultation with relevant stakeholders and civil society , during the specific programme ' s preparation and implementation in form of the strategic plan and work programmes , and reassessed in the context of the relevant evaluations and review processes .


### the eu is a global leader in advanced materials and associated processes , which make up 20% of its industry base and form the root of nearly all value chains through the transformation of raw materials . to remain competitive and meet citizens’ needs for sustainable , safe and advanced materials , the eu must improve the recyclability of materials , reduce the carbon and environmental footprint , and drive cross - sectoral industrial innovation by supporting new applications in all industry sectors . ### the eu is a global leader in advanced materials and associated processes , which make up 20% of its industry base and form the root of nearly all value chains through the transformation of raw materials . to become fully sustainable and remain competitive and meet citizens’ needs for sustainable , safe and advanced materials , the eu must continue taking the lead in the sustainable sourcing and processing of raw materials , improve the durability , reusability and recyclability and develop new eco - friendly materials through energy and resource - efficient production processes , and drive cross - sectoral industrial innovation by supporting new applications in all industry sectors .


### complementarity will be ensured with activities under the digital europe programme , to respect the delineation between both programmes and avoid any overlaps . ### complementarity will be ensured with activities under the digital europe programme , to respect the delineation between both programmes and avoid any overlaps . research and innovation activities in this cluster will contribute to the eu ' s policy goals and strategies , notably the commission ' s communication “investing in a smart , innovative and sustainable industry” , the eu digital single market , the energy union and the paris agreement .


### clusters will develop and apply digital , key enabling and emerging technologies as part of a common strategy to promote the eu ' s industrial leadership . where appropriate this will use eu space - enabled data and services . ### clusters will support knowledge creation in all its stages of development , including early - stage research activities . they will focus on addressing societal challenges , guided by the sustainable development goals and the goals of the paris agreement . clusters will develop and apply digital , key enabling and emerging technologies as part of a common strategy to promote the eu ' s industrial leadership and societal well - being inconsistency with a net - zero ghg emission economy . where appropriate this will use eu space - enabled data and services .


### the overall aim is to endow europe with world - class sustainable research infrastructures open and accessible to all researchers in europe and beyond , which fully exploit their potential for scientific advance and innovation . key objectives are to reduce the fragmentation of the research and innovation ecosystem , avoiding duplication of effort , and better coordinate the development and use of research infrastructures . it is crucial to support open access to research infrastructures for all european researchers as well as , through the european open science cloud , increased access to digital research resources , specifically tackling the currently sub - optimal embracement of open science and open data practises . equally , the eu needs to tackle the rapid increase of global competition for talent by attracting third country researchers to work with european world - class research infrastructures . increasing the competitiveness of european industry is also a major objective , supporting key technologies and services relevant for research infrastructures and their users , thus improving the conditions for supply of innovative solutions . ### the overall aim is to improve europe ' s endowment with world - class sustainable research infrastructures open and accessible to all researchers in europe and beyond , which fully exploit their potential for scientific advance and innovation . key objectives are to reduce the fragmentation of the research and innovation ecosystem , ensure continuous modernisation , avoiding duplication of effort , and better coordinate the development , use and accessibility of research infrastructures , including in less developed member states . it is crucial to support open access to research infrastructures for all european researchers as well as , through the european open science cloud , increased access to digital research resources , specifically tackling the currently sub - optimal embracement of open science and open data practises . equally , the eu needs to tackle the rapid increase of global competition for talent by attracting third country researchers to work with european world - class research infrastructures . increasing the competitiveness of european industry is also a major objective , supporting key technologies and services relevant for research infrastructures and their users , thus improving the conditions for supply and utilisation of innovative solutions .


### many of the challenges which confront the eu are also global challenges . the scale and complexity of the problems are vast , and need to be matched by the appropriate money , resources and effort in order to find solutions . these are precisely the areas where the eu must work together ; smart , flexible and joined - up for the benefit and well - being of our citizens . ### many of the challenges which confront the eu are also global challenges . the scale and complexity of the problems are vast , and need to be matched by increasing money , resources and effort in order to find sustainable solutions . these are precisely the areas where the eu must work together ; smart , flexible and joined - up for the benefit and well - being of our citizens .


### –industrial products that require low or zero carbon emissions production processes through the life cycle . ### –industrial products and materials that require net - zero ghg emissions in production , processes through the life cycle as well as their own energy consumption


### –sustainable sea and ocean farming , fisheries and mariculture for food , including alternative sources of protein with increased food security , food sovereignty and climate resilience ; ### –sustainable fisheries and responsible aquaculture for food , including alternative sources of protein with increased food security , food sovereignty and climate resilience ; this should include sustainability or not of sourcing products of deforestation , and also for fish feed in aquaculture that covers hormones and antibiotics ;


### for each mission , a mission board may be established . it shall be composed of around 15 high level individuals including relevant end - users ' representatives . the mission board shall advise upon the following : ### for each mission , a mission board shall be established for steering the co - designing and their implementation . it shall be composed of around 15 independent high level individuals . the mission board shall comprise a gender balanced mix of representatives from various backgrounds , sectors , disciplines and interests , including from academia , research and technology organisations , industry of various sizes , territorial authorities , and relevant civil society and end - users ' representatives . at least half of the mission board shall include relevant civil society , public institutions , and relevant end - users ' representatives . the members of the mission board shall be appointed by the commission , following an independent and transparent procedure for their selection following an open call for expressions of interest . the board shall operate according to the principles of autonomy , transparency and accountability . the mission board shall advise on the following :


### trans - border aspects of infectious diseases and specific challenges in low - and middle - income countries , such as tropical diseases . ### trans - border aspects of research and development of medicines in infectious diseases and specific challenges in low - and middle - income countries , in particular poverty - related diseases , such as neglected tropical diseases , aids , tuberculosis , and malaria . poverty - related and neglected diseases need to be tackled in a comprehensive approach based on partnership with member states , affected regions and research and expert institutions , building on the success of the second european and developing countries clinical trials partnership programme and including the development of new treatment methods for infectious diseases to counteract antibiotic resistance .


### progress in these sectors - but also across the spectrum of eu industry including agriculture , buildings , industrial processes and product use , and waste management - will require continued efforts to better understand the mechanisms of climate change and the associated impacts across the economy and society , exploiting synergies with national activities , other eu types of actions and international cooperation . ### progress in these sectors - but also across the spectrum of eu industry including agriculture , buildings , industrial processes and product use , and waste management and recycling - will require reinforced efforts to better understand the mechanisms of climate change , and the associated impacts , but also opportunity for the economy and society , exploiting synergies with national activities , other eu types of actions and international cooperation .


### the eic board will provide recommendations to the commission regarding innovation trends or initiatives needed to enhance and foster the eu innovation ecosystem , including potential regulatory barriers . the board ' s advice should also identify emerging areas of innovation to be taken into account in the activities under the global challenges and industrial competitiveness pillar and missions . in this way , the board is expected to contribute to the overall coherence of the horizon europe programme . ### the eic board , in consultation with the eit governing board , will provide recommendations to the commission regarding innovation trends or initiatives needed to enhance and foster the eu innovation ecosystem , including potential regulatory barriers and promote gender equality . the board ' s advice should also identify emerging areas of innovation to be taken into account in the activities under the global challenges and industrial competitiveness pillar and missions . in this way , the board is expected to contribute to the overall coherence of the horizon europe programme .


### –the use and delivery of ecosystems services in agriculture and forestry systems applying ecological approaches and testing nature - based solutions from farm to landscape levels for an environmentally friendly agriculture ; ### –the use and delivery of ecosystem functions in agriculture and forestry systems applying ecological approaches and testing nature - based solutions from farm to landscape levels for an environmentally friendly agriculture addressing challenges related to climate change , biodiversity loss , ecosystem degradation , agricultural pollution , and citizens’ health and well - being ; exploring multispecies , high biodiversity approaches to ensure resilience and stability in production systems ;


### human activities are exerting increasing pressure on soils , seas and oceans , water , air , biodiversity and other natural resources . nourishing the planet ' s growing population is directly dependent on the health of natural systems and resources . however , combined with climate change , humanity ' s growing demand for natural resources creates environmental pressures that go far beyond sustainable levels , affecting ecosystems and their capacity to provide services for human well - being . the concepts of the circular economy , the bioeconomy and the blue economy provide an opportunity to balance environmental , social and economic goals and to set human activities on a path to sustainability . ### human activities are exerting increasing pressure on soils , seas and oceans , water , air , biodiversity and other natural resources . nourishing the planet ' s growing population is directly dependent on the health of natural systems and resources as the factors of agricultural production include both renewable and non - renewable natural resources . however , combined with climate change , humanity ' s growing demand for natural resources creates environmental pressures that go far beyond sustainable levels , affecting ecosystems and inhibiting their capacity to provide services maintaining human well - being in the long term . any production system that degradates the natural will not be sustainable , nor productive in the long - term and therefore not competitive . a functioning and prosperous ecosystem is the very basis for all resource utilization . recognising the large volume of well recognised existing scientific evidence on the link between degradation of the natural resource base , including biodiversity , and the functioning of natural and semi - natural ecosystems to provide essential services to society and acting on solutions proposed as a result of that science is crucial . the concepts of the circular economy , agroecology , sustainable bioeconomy and blue economy provide an opportunity to balance environmental , social and economic goals and to set human activities on a path to sustainability


### –elimination of substances of concern in the production and end - of - life phases ; safe substitutes , and safe and cost - efficient production technologies ; ### –safe handling or elimination of substances of concern in the production and end - of - life phases ; safe substitutes , and safe and energy and resource - efficient production technologies ;


### a strong engagement of industry is essential in setting priorities and developing research and innovation agendas , increasing the leverage of public funding , and ensuring the uptake of results . societal understanding and acceptance are key ingredients for success , as well as a new agenda for industry - relevant skills and standardisation . ### the involvement of industry as part of the multi - stakeholder process is essential in setting priorities and developing research and innovation agendas , increasing the leverage of additional public and private funding , and ensuring the uptake of results . societal understanding and acceptance , including consideration of universal design in the design of products , goods and services , are key ingredients for success , as well as a new agenda for industry - relevant skills and standardisation . reusing there sources from obsolete or recycled it devices can ensure a source of raw materials to be used in the next generation devices , therefore technologies that increase the efficiency of recovery need to be supported .


### human activities are exerting increasing pressure on soils , seas and oceans , water , air , biodiversity and other natural resources . nourishing the planet ' s growing population is directly dependent on the health of natural systems and resources . however , combined with climate change , humanity ' s growing demand for natural resources creates environmental pressures that go far beyond sustainable levels , affecting ecosystems and their capacity to provide services for human well - being . the concepts of the circular economy , the bioeconomy and the blue economy provide an opportunity to balance environmental , social and economic goals and to set human activities on a path to sustainability . ### human activities are exerting increasing pressure on soils , seas and oceans , water , air , biodiversity and other natural resources . nourishing the planet ' s growing population is directly dependent on the health of natural systems and resources . however , combined with climate change , humanity ' s growing demand for natural resources creates environmental pressures that go far beyond sustainable levels , affecting ecosystems and inhibiting their capacity to provide services maintaining human well - being in the long term . any production system that degrades nature shall not be sustainable , nor productive in the long - term and therefore not competitive . a functioning and prosperous ecosystem is the very basis for all resource utilization . recognising the link between degradation of the natural resource base , including biodiversity , and the functioning of natural and semi - natural ecosystems to provide essential services to society and acting on solutions proposed as a result of that science is crucial . the concepts of the circular economy , agroecology , sustainable bioeconomy and blue economy provide an opportunity to balance environmental , social and economic goals and to set human activities on a path to sustainability while ensuring nutrition and health are central to how our food production systems are implemented .


### –citizen science , supporting all types of formal , non - formal and informal science education , including engagement of citizens in the co - design of research and innovation agenda settings and policy , in the co - creation of scientific content and innovation through transdisciplinary activities ; ### –science and society activities , supporting the principles of responsible research and innovation to better align the process of r&i and its outcomes with the values , needs , and expectations of society , and the operational objective in article 2 , including : citizen science , to develop and implement methods of citizen engagement , including in the co - design of research and innovation agendas and policy , in the co - creation of scientific content and innovation through transdisciplinary activities , supporting all types of formal , non - formal and informal science education , and the promotion and use of innovative and participatory deliberative policy processes ; civil society engagement , to develop and implement methods of engagement and address barriers to engagement , across the programme and in particular in the governance and monitoring and evaluation of pillar 2 , and in implementation of the activities of pillar 2 .


### the commission shall establish a european innovation council for implementing actions under pillar iii ' open innovation ' which relate to the eic . the eic shall operate according to the following principles : focus on breakthrough and disruptive innovation , autonomy , ability to take risk , efficiency , effectiveness , transparency and accountability . ### the commission shall establish a european innovation council for implementing actions under pillar iii ' innovative europe ' which relate to the eic . the eic shall operate according to the following principles : focus on new ideas , which could lead to breakthrough and disruptive innovation , autonomy , ability to take risk , efficiency , effectiveness , transparency and accountability , alignment with the overall strategy for union competiveness and subsidiarity .


### they will help to maintain and enhance the provision of biodiversity and secure the long - term provision of ecosystem services , climate adaptation and carbon sequestration . they will help reduce greenhouse gas and other emissions , waste and pollution from primary production , processing , consumption and other human activities . they will trigger investments , supporting the shift towards a circular economy , bioeconomy and blue economy , whilst protecting environmental health and integrity . ### they will help to maintain and enhance the provision of biodiversity , both wild and cultivated and secure the long - term provision of ecosystem services , climate mitigation and adaptation and carbon storage . they will help reduce greenhouse gas and other emissions , waste and pollution from primary production , processing , consumption and other human activities . they will trigger investments , supporting the shift towards a circular economy , agroecology , sustainable bioeconomy and blue economy , whilst protecting environmental health and integrity .


### reflecting the importance of tackling climate change in line with the union ' s commitments to implement the paris agreement and the united nations sustainable development goals , this specific programme will contribute to mainstream climate actions and to the achievement of an overall target of 25 % of the eu budget expenditures supporting climate objectives . actions under this specific programme are expected to contribute 35% of the overall financial envelope of the specific programme to climate objectives . relevant actions will be identified during the specific programme ' s preparation and implementation , and reassessed in the context of the relevant evaluations and review processes . ### acknowledging climate change as one of the biggest and most important global and societal challenges , and reflecting the importance of tackling climate change in line with the union ' s commitments to implement the paris agreement and the united nations sustainable development goals , this specific programme will contribute to mainstream climate actions and to the achievement of an overall target of 25% of the eu budget expenditures supporting climate objectives , while it should also be ensured that the remaining part of the expenditures will not create negative climate and environmental effects . actions under the specific programme should contribute at least 35% of the overall financial envelope of the specific programme to the climate objectives . relevant actions will be identified , in consultation with relevant stakeholders and civil society , during the specific programme ' s preparation and implementation in form of the strategic plan and work programmes , and reassessed in the context of the relevant evaluations and review processes .


### cluster food and natural resources ' , as described in annex i , pillar ii , section 5 ; ### cluster ' sustainable food , natural resources and the environment ' , as described in annex i , pillar ii , section 5 , as described in annex i , pillar ii , section 5 ;


### finding new ways to accelerate the deployment of clean technologies and solutions for the decarbonisation of the european economy requires also increased demand for innovation . this can be stimulated through the empowerment of citizens as well as socio - economic and public sector innovation and will lead to approaches broader than technology - driven innovation . socio - economic research covering inter alia user needs and patterns , foresight activities , environmental , economic , social and behavioural aspects , business cases and models and pre - normative research for standard setting , will also facilitate actions fostering regulatory , financing and social innovation , skills , as well as engagement and empowerment of market players and consumers . ### finding new ways to accelerate the deployment of renewables and energy efficiency based technologies as well as other non - technological solutions for achieving a european economy without ghg emissions requires also increased demand for innovation . this can be stimulated through the empowerment of citizens as well as socio - economic and public sector innovation and public procurement and will lead to approaches broader than technology - driven innovation . socio - economic research covering inter alia user needs and patterns , foresight activities , environmental , economic , social and behavioural aspects , business cases and models and pre - normative research for standard setting , will also facilitate actions fostering regulatory , financing and social innovation , skills , as well as engagement and empowerment of market players and individual and jointly acting consumers .


### buildings and industry installations play an increasingly active role in their interaction with the energy system . therefore , they are crucial elements in the transition to renewable energy . ### buildings and industry installations play an increasingly active role in their interaction with the energy system . therefore , they are crucial partners in the transition to a highly energy efficient and renewables - based energy system and , a net zero - ghg emission economy . .


### –technologies and systems for trusted and energy - efficient smart network and service infrastructures , enabling real - time capabilities , virtualisation and decentralised management ; ### –technologies and systems for trusted and energy - efficient smart network and service infrastructures , enabling real - time capabilities , virtualisation and decentralised management to ensure scalable , efficient and reliable network performance suited for massive service deployment ;


### –photonics technologies enabling applications with breakthrough advances in functionality and performance ; ### –photonics technologies enabling applications with breakthrough advances in functionality , integration and performance ;


### activities will build a knowledge base and deliver solutions to : sustainably manage and use natural resources from land and sea - and enhance the role of terrestrial and aquatic systems as carbon sinks ; ensure food and nutrition security , providing safe , healthy and nutritious diets ; accelerate the transition from a fossil - based linear economy to a resource efficient , resilient , low emission , low - carbon circular economy , and supporting the development of a sustainable bio - based economy and the blue economy ; and develop resilient and vibrant rural , coastal and urban areas . ### multi - and trans - disciplinary approaches utilising the expertise and experience of actors along value chains will be sought to build a knowledge base and deliver solutions to : protect sustainably manage and use natural resources from land and water and enhance the role of terrestrial and aquatic systems as carbon sinks with closed loop nutrient cycling and functional hydrological systems ; ensure food and nutrition security , sufficient for the union ' s needs and avoiding waste and overproduction , providing safe food and feed , healthy and nutritious diets ; accelerate the transition of food and farming systems towards agro - ecological approaches to benefit both conventional and organic agriculture ; support income diversification in rural areas ; accelerate the transition from a fossil - based linear economy to a resource efficient , resilient , net - zero ghg emission circular economy , and supporting the development of a sustainable bio - based economy and the blue economy ; and develop resilient and vibrant rural , coastal and urban areas .


### –diffusion and clustering of knowledge through cross - project collaboration and other networking activities such as an alumni service . ### –diffusion and clustering of knowledge through cross - project collaboration , national contact point projects and other networking activities such as an alumni service .


### involving citizens and end - users in co - design and co - creation processes ; ### involving societal actors , including citizens , civil society organisations and end - users in in r&i agenda - setting , including co - design and co - creation processes ;


### in the implementation of horizon europe , particular attention will be paid to ensuring a balanced and broad approach to research and innovation , which is not only limited to the development of new products processes and services on the basis of scientific and technological knowledge and breakthroughs , but also incorporates the use of existing technologies in novel applications and continuous improvement and non - technological and social innovation . a systemic , cross - disciplinary , cross - sectoral and cross - policy approach to research innovation will ensure that challenges can be tackled while also giving rise to new competitive businesses and industries , fostering competition , stimulating private investments and preserving the level playing field in the internal market . ### in the implementation of horizon europe , particular attention will be paid to ensuring a balanced and broad approach to research and innovation , which is not only limited to the development of new products processes and services on the basis of scientific and technological knowledge and breakthroughs , but also incorporates the use of existing technologies in novel applications and continuous improvement and non - technological and social innovation . a systemic , cross - disciplinary , cross - sectoral and cross - policy approach to research and innovation will ensure that challenges can be tackled , new knowledge is generated and where possible , give rise to new competitive and sustainable businesses and industries , social and scientific innovation , foster competition , stimulate private investments and preserve the level playing field in the internal market .


### the eu stands for a unique way of combining economic growth with social policies , with high levels of social inclusion , shared values embracing democracy , human rights , gender equality and the richness of diversity . this model is constantly evolving and needs to deal with the challenges from amongst other things , globalisation and technological change . europe also has to respond to the challenges arising from persistent security threats . terrorist attacks and radicalisation , as well as cyber - attacks and hybrid threats , raise major security concerns and put particular strain on societies . ### the eu stands for a unique way of combining peace , economic growth and sustainability with social policies , with high levels of social inclusion , shared values embracing democracy , human rights , gender equality and the richness of diversity . this model is constantly evolving and needs to deal with the challenges from amongst other things , globalisation , climate change and technological change . the observed changes in climate are already having wide - ranging impacts on ecosystems , societies , human health and well - being in europe


### protecting people against cross - border health threats is a major challenge for public health , calling for effective international cooperation at eu and global level . this will involve prevention , preparedness , early detection , treatment and cure of infectious diseases , and also tackling antimicrobial resistance following a ' one health approach ' . ### protecting people against communicable diseases and cross - border health threats is a major challenge for public health , calling for effective international cooperation at eu and global level . this will involve prevention , preparedness , early detection , treatment and cure of infectious diseases , and also tackling antimicrobial resistance following a ' one health approach ' . a number of infectious diseases lack private sector r&i investment because of the lack of market incentives to invest in the prevention , treatment , and diagnosis of these often poverty - related diseases , calling for more ambitious public - sector investment .


### reflecting the importance of tackling climate change in line with the union ' s commitments to implement the paris agreement and the united nations sustainable development goals , this specific programme will contribute to mainstream climate actions and to the achievement of an overall target of 25 % of the eu budget expenditures supporting climate objectives . actions under this specific programme are expected to contribute 35% of the overall financial envelope of the specific programme to climate objectives . relevant actions will be identified during the specific programme ' s preparation and implementation , and reassessed in the context of the relevant evaluations and review processes . ### acknowledging climate change as one of the biggest and most important global and societal challenges , and reflecting the importance of tackling climate change in line with the union ' s commitments to implement the paris agreement and the united nations sustainable development goals , this specific programme will contribute to mainstream climate actions and to the achievement of an overall target of 50 % of the eu budget expenditures supporting climate objectives . actions under the specific programme should contribute at least 50 % of the overall financial envelope of the specific programme to the climate objective , in order to support actions or parts of actions that will help to deliver a net - zero greenhouse gas emission economy by 2050 at the latest . relevant actions will be identified ex - ante and fully reflected during the specific programme ' s preparation and implementation in form of the strategic plan and work programmes , and reassessed in the context of the relevant evaluations and review processes , thereby ensuring that the objective of investing at least 50 % of the programme ' s overall financial envelope in climate - related research and innovations is achieved efficiently and in a timely manner .


### they will also foster participatory approaches to research and innovation , including the multi - actor approach and develop knowledge and innovation systems at local , regional , national and european levels . social innovation with citizens ' engagement and trust in innovation will be crucial to encourage new governance , production and consumption patterns . ### they will also foster participatory approaches to research and innovation , including the multi - actor approach , including civil society organisations , and develop knowledge and innovation systems at local , regional , national and european levels . including all actors along the agri - food supply chain in the co - creation and sharing of knowledge plays a central role in the process of developing and implementing agroecological innovations to address challenges across food systems including adaptation to climate change . social innovation with citizens ' engagement will be crucial to encourage new governance , production and consumption patterns .


### human activities are exerting increasing pressure on soils , seas and oceans , water , air , biodiversity and other natural resources . nourishing the planet ' s growing population is directly dependent on the health of natural systems and resources . however , combined with climate change , humanity ' s growing demand for natural resources creates environmental pressures that go far beyond sustainable levels , affecting ecosystems and their capacity to provide services for human well - being . the concepts of the circular economy , the bioeconomy and the blue economy provide an opportunity to balance environmental , social and economic goals and to set human activities on a path to sustainability . ### human activities are exerting increasing pressure on soils , seas and oceans , water , air , biodiversity and other natural resources . nourishing the planet ' s growing population is directly dependent on the health of natural systems and resources . however , combined with climate change , humanity ' s growing demand for natural resources creates environmental pressures that go far beyond sustainable levels , affecting ecosystems and inhibiting their capacity to provide services maintaining human well - being in the long term . any production system that degrades nature shall not be sustainable , nor productive in the long - term and therefore not competitive . a functioning and prosperous ecosystem is the very basis for all resource utilization . recognising the link between degradation of the natural resource base , including biodiversity , and the functioning of natural and semi - natural ecosystems to provide essential services to society and acting on solutions proposed as a result of that science is crucial . the concepts of the circular economy , agroecology , sustainable bioeconomy and blue economy provide an opportunity to balance environmental , social and economic goals and to set human activities on a path to sustainability while ensuring nutrition and health are central to how our food production systems are implemented .


### activities will be implemented to ensure effective complementarity between eic’s types of action and their specific focus on breakthrough innovation , with activities implemented by member states and associated countries , but also by private initiatives , in order to support all types of innovation , reach out to all innovators across the eu , and provide them with enhanced and adequate support . ### activities will be implemented to ensure effective complementarity and cooperation between eit and eic’s types of action and their specific focus on breakthrough innovation , with activities implemented by member states and associated countries , but also by private initiatives , in order to support all types of innovation , reach out to all innovators across the eu , and provide them with enhanced and adequate support .


### in particular , programme managers will oversee the implementation of pathfinder calls , and propose evaluation rankings in view of consistent strategic portfolio of projects , expected to make essential contributions to the emergence of potential societal or economic market creating innovations . ### in particular , programme managers will oversee the implementation of pathfinder calls , and propose evaluation rankings based on clear criteria and consistent with a strategic portfolio of projects , expected to make essential contributions to the emergence of potential societal or economic market creating innovations .


### meeting the goals of sustainable development , guaranteeing the production and consumption of safe and healthy food , promoting sustainable practices in agriculture , aquaculture , fisheries and forestry , ensuring access to clean water , soil and air for all , cleaning up the seas and oceans , preserving and restoring the planet’s vital natural systems and environment requires that we harness the potential of research and innovation . but the pathways for the transition to sustainability and ways to overconme reslient barriers are hardly understood . making the transition to sustainable consumption and production and restoring planetary health requires investing in technologies , new business models , and social and environmental innovation . this creates new opportunities for a sustainable , resilient , innovative and responsible european economy , boosting resource efficiency , productivity and competitiveness , and generating jobs and growth . ### meeting the goals of sustainable development , guaranteeing the production and consumption of safe and healthy food , promoting sustainable practices in agriculture , aquaculture , fisheries and forestry , ensuring access to clean water , soil and air for all , cleaning up the seas and oceans , preserving and restoring the planet’s vital natural systems and environment requires that we harness the potential of research and innovation . but the pathways for the transition to sustainability and ways to overcome resilient barriers are hardly understood . making the transition to sustainable consumption and production and restoring planetary health requires investing in technologies , new business models , and social and environmental innovation . this creates new opportunities for a sustainable , resilient , innovative and responsible european economy , boosting resource efficiency , productivity and competitiveness , and generating jobs and growth .


### activities will contribute directly to the following sustainable development goals in particular : sdg 2 – zero hunger ; sd 6 - clean water and sanitation ; sdg 11 – sustainable cities and communities ; sdg 12 - responsible consumption and production ; sdg 13 – climate action ; sdg 14 – life below water ; sdg 15 - life on land . ### activities will contribute directly to the achievement of sustainable development goals , in particular : sdg 2 – zero hunger ; sdg 3 – good health and well - being ; sdg 6 - clean water and sanitation ; sdg 7 - affordable and clean energy ; sdg 8 - decent work and economic growth ; sdg 9 - industry , innovation and infrastructure sdg 11 – sustainable cities and communities ; sdg 12 - responsible consumption and production ; sdg 13 –climate action ; sdg 14 – life below water ; sdg 15 - life on land .


### the eic will be implemented primarily through two complementary types of action , namely the pathfinder for advanced research , for the early stages of technology development , and the accelerator for innovation and market deployment actions , including the pre - mass commercialisation stages and company growth . with the idea to offer a single one - stop shop and a single process of support , the accelerator will also award blended finance , combining grants with equity investments . it will in addition also channel access to loans provided under the investeu programme . ### the eic will be implemented primarily through two complementary types of action , namely the eic pathfinder for advanced research , for the early stages of technology development , and the eic accelerator for innovation and market deployment actions , including the pre - mass commercialisation stages and company growth . with the idea to complement the eit and cooperate with it in offering a single one - stop shop and a single process of support , the accelerator will also award blended finance , combining grants with equity investments . it will in addition also channel access to loans provided under the investeu programme .


### the commission shall establish a european innovation council for implementing actions under pillar iii ' open innovation ' which relate to the eic . the eic shall operate according to the following principles : focus on breakthrough and disruptive innovation , autonomy , ability to take risk , efficiency , effectiveness , transparency and accountability . ### the commission shall establish a european innovation council for implementing actions under pillar iii ' innovative europe ' which relate to the eic . the eic shall operate according to the following principles : focus on new ideas , which could lead to disruptive social , technological and non - technological innovations , stimulating education and training of future innovators , autonomy , ability to take risk , efficiency , effectiveness , transparency and accountability , alignment with the overall union policy goals and commitments .


### breakthrough technologies to achieve significant reductions in greenhouse gases and pollutants , often combined with the technologies for circular industry above , will lead to strong industrial value chains , revolutionise manufacturing capacities and improve the global competitiveness of industry ; and at the same time make key contributions to our targets for climate action and environmental quality . ### breakthrough research and technologies to achieve significant reductions in greenhouse gases and pollutants , often combined with energy efficiency measures , technologies for circular industry above , and digital technologies , will lead to strong industrial value chains , revolutionise manufacturing capacities and improve the global competitiveness of industry hand in hand with increasing its sustainability and making key contributions to our targets for climate action and environmental quality . industries , especially those that are energy - intensive , should further improve energy efficiency , and favour the integration of renewable energy sources through the development of new power - driven industrial techniques and processes .


### the eic will be implemented primarily through two complementary types of action , namely the pathfinder for advanced research , for the early stages of technology development , and the accelerator for innovation and market deployment actions , including the pre - mass commercialisation stages and company growth . with the idea to offer a single one - stop shop and a single process of support , the accelerator will also award blended finance , combining grants with equity investments . it will in addition also channel access to loans provided under the investeu programme . ### the eic will be implemented primarily through two complementary types of action , namely the eic pathfinder for advanced research , for the early stages of technology development , and the eic accelerator for innovation and market deployment actions , including the pre - mass commercialisation stages and company growth . with the idea to complement the eit in offering a single one - stop shop and a single process of support , the accelerator will also award blended finance , combining grants with equity investments . it will in addition also channel access to loans provided under the investeu programme .


### the eu is a global leader in advanced materials and associated processes , which make up 20% of its industry base and form the root of nearly all value chains through the transformation of raw materials . to remain competitive and meet citizens’ needs for sustainable , safe and advanced materials , the eu must improve the recyclability of materials , reduce the carbon and environmental footprint , and drive cross - sectoral industrial innovation by supporting new applications in all industry sectors . ### the eu is a global leader in advanced materials and associated processes , which make up 20% of its industry base and form the root of nearly all value chains through the transformation of raw materials . to become fully sustainable and remain competitive and meet citizens’ needs for sustainable , safe and advanced materials , the eu must continue taking the lead in the sustainable sourcing and processing of raw materials , improve the durability , reusability and recyclability and develop new eco - friendly materials through energy and resource - efficient production processes , and drive cross - sectoral industrial innovation by supporting new applications in all industry sectors .


### –analysis of the r&i dimension of energy union ; assessment of eu competitiveness in the global clean energy market ; ### –analysis of the r&i dimension of energy union ; assessment of eu competitiveness in the global clean , in particular renewables , energy market ;


### –connected , cooperative and automated mobility systems and services , including technological solutions and non - technological issues . ### –connected , cooperative , interoperable and automated mobility systems and services , including technological solutions and non - technological issues such as changes in user behaviour and mobility patterns .


### –consumers ' behaviour , lifestyle and motivations , promoting social innovation and societal engagement for better health and environmental sustainability throughout the entire food value chain ; ### –consumers ' behaviour , lifestyle and motivations , promoting social innovation and societal engagement for better health , environmental sustainability including impact on people and natural resources in source areas and animal welfare , throughout the entire food value chain ;


### reflecting the important contribution that research and innovation should make to address challenges in food , agriculture , rural development and the bioeconomy , and to seize the corresponding research and innovation opportunities in close synergy with common agricultural policy , relevant actions under the specific programme will be supported with eur 10 billion for the cluster ' food and natural resources ' for the period 2021 - 2027 . ### reflecting the important contribution that research and innovation should make to address challenges in food , agriculture , rural development and the bioeconomy , and to seize the corresponding research and innovation opportunities in close synergy with common agricultural policy , relevant actions under the specific programme will be supported in a dedicated cluster ' food and natural resources ' for the period 2021 - 2027 .


### the research and innovation activities of this global challenge will develop the knowledge base , build the research and innovation capacity and develop the solutions needed for a more effective promotion of health and the prevention , treatment and cure of diseases . improving health outcomes will in turn result in increased life expectancy , healthy active lives and productivity of working age people , and sustainability of health and care systems . ### the research and innovation activities of this global challenge will develop the knowledge base , build the research and innovation capacity and develop the solutions needed for a more effective promotion of health and the prevention , preventive measures , treatment and cure of diseases taking into account the precautionary principle . improving health outcomes will in turn result in increased life expectancy , healthy active lives and productivity of working age people , and sustainability of health and care systems .


### pillar ii ' global challenges and industrial competitiveness ' with the following components : ### pillar ii ' global societal challenges and a net - zero ghg emission economy ' with the following components :


### as a first step the commission will organise an eic forum of member states and associated countries’ public authorities and bodies in charge of national innovation policies and programmes , with the aim of promoting coordination and dialogue on the development of the eu ' s innovation ecosystem . within this eic forum , the commission will : ### as a first step the commission will organise an innovation forum of member states and associated countries’ public authorities and bodies in charge of national innovation policies and programmes , with the aim of promoting coordination and dialogue on the development of the eu ' s innovation ecosystem . within this innovation forum , the involved stakeholders and union bodies , including the eit , the eic board and the commission will :


### progress in these sectors - but also across the spectrum of eu industry including agriculture , buildings , industrial processes and product use , and waste management - will require continued efforts to better understand the mechanisms of climate change and the associated impacts across the economy and society , exploiting synergies with national activities , other eu types of actions and international cooperation . ### progress in these sectors - but also across the spectrum of eu industry including agriculture , buildings , industrial processes and product use , and waste management and recycling - will require reinforced efforts to better understand the mechanisms of climate change , and the associated impacts , but also opportunity for the economy and society , exploiting synergies with national activities , other eu types of actions and international cooperation .


### they will help to maintain and enhance the provision of biodiversity and secure the long - term provision of ecosystem services , climate adaptation and carbon sequestration . they will help reduce greenhouse gas and other emissions , waste and pollution from primary production , processing , consumption and other human activities . they will trigger investments , supporting the shift towards a circular economy , bioeconomy and blue economy , whilst protecting environmental health and integrity . ### they will help to maintain and enhance the provision of biodiversity , both wild and cultivated and secure the long - term provision of ecosystem services , climate mitigation and adaptation and carbon storage . they will help reduce greenhouse gas and other emissions , waste and pollution from primary production , processing , consumption and other human activities . they will trigger investments , supporting the shift towards a circular economy , agroecology , sustainable bioeconomy and blue economy , whilst protecting environmental health and integrity .


### –computing architectures and low - power processors for a wide range of applications including edge computing , digitisation of industry , big data and cloud , smart energy and connected and automated driving ; ### –computing architectures and low - power processors for a wide range of applications including edge computing , digitalisation of industry , automation and robotics big , data and cloud , smart energy and connected and automated driving ;


### –software technologies enhancing software quality , security and reliability with improved service life , increasing development productivity , and introducing built - in artificial intelligence and resilience in software ; ### –software and hardware technologies enhancing software quality , security and reliability with improved service life , increasing development productivity , re - usability , interoperability and introducing built - in artificial intelligence and resilience in software ;


### –sustainable biomass sourcing and production systems , focusing on high - value applications and uses , social and environmental sustainability , impact on climate and biodiversity reduction targets and overall resource efficiency ; ### –sustainable and equitable biomass sourcing and production systems , focusing on high - value applications and uses , social and environmental sustainability , impact on climate and biodiversity loss , including in third countries , in particular developing countries , and overall resource efficiency ;


### cultural heritage is the fabric of our lives , meaningful to communities , groups and societies , giving a sense of belonging . it is the bridge between the past and the future of our societies . it is a driving force of local economies and a powerful source of inspiration for creative and cultural industries . accessing , conserving , safeguarding and restoring , interpreting and harnessing the full potential of our cultural heritage are crucial challenges now and for future generations . cultural heritage is the major input and inspiration for the arts , traditional craftsmanship , the cultural , entrepreneurial and creative sectors that are drivers of sustainable economic growth , new job creation and external trade . ### cultural heritage is traces and expressions from the past that gives attributed - meaning to and is used by communities , groups and societies today . it can contribute to giving sense of belonging , wellbeing and to a better understanding of society and personal context . it is a bridge between the past and the future of our societies . it is a driving force of local economies and a powerful source of inspiration for creative and cultural industries . accessing , conserving , safeguarding and restoring , interpreting , re - interpreting , developing and harnessing the full potential of our cultural heritage are crucial challenges now and for future generations . cultural heritage is the major input and inspiration for the arts , traditional craftsmanship , the cultural , entrepreneurial and creative sectors that are drivers of sustainable economic growth , new job creation and external trade . cultural heritage and cultural heritage information provides research data for the humanities as well as several science areas and are as such an infrastructure for research .


### the scientific council shall act exclusively in the interest of achieving the erc , according to the principles set out in article 6 . it shall act with integrity and probity and carry out its work efficiently and with the greatest possible transparency . ### the scientific council shall act exclusively in the interest of achieving the erc , according to the principles set out in article 6 . it shall act with complete independence , integrity and probity and carry out its work efficiently and with the greatest possible transparency .


### –digital network - and traffic management : advanced decision support systems ; next generation traffic management ; contributing to seamless , multimodal and interconnected mobility for passengers and freight ; use and limitations of big data ; use of innovative satellite positioning / navigation ; ### –digital network , vehicle , traffic and space usage management advanced decision support systems ; next generation traffic management ; vehicle health management and services on demand contributing to seamless , multimodal and interconnected mobility for passengers and freight ; use and limitations of big data ; use of innovative satellite positioning / navigation ;


### –nano - electronics design and processing concepts responding to the specific requirements of digital transformation and global challenges , in terms of functionality , energy consumption and integration ; ### –nano - electronics design and processing concepts responding to the specific requirements of digital transformation and global challenges , in terms of performance , functionality , energy consumption and integration ;


### research and innovation are key drivers of sustainable growth and industrial competitiveness , and they will contribute to finding solutions to today’s problems , to reverse as quickly as possible , the negative and dangerous trend that currently links economic development , the use of natural resources and social issues , and turn it into new business opportunities . ### acknowledging climate change as one of the biggest and most important global and societal challenges , research and innovation are key drivers of accelerating the transition to a net - zero ghg emission economy by 2050 at the latest , to reverse as quickly as possible , the negative and dangerous trend that currently links economic development , the intensive use of fossil fuels , other natural resources , and social issues , and turn it into new sustainable business opportunities and a competitive edge in climate - and renewables - related sectors as well as multiple economic , social and environmental benefits to european citizens .


### –ecotoxicology of compounds and new pollutants , their interactions and environmental behaviour , and altered biochemical loops under changing climate ; ### –ecotoxicology of compounds and new pollutants , chemical substances and their interactions and environmental behaviour , and altered biochemical loops under changing climate ;


### –citizen science , supporting all types of formal , non - formal and informal science education , including engagement of citizens in the co - design of research and innovation agenda settings and policy , in the co - creation of scientific content and innovation through transdisciplinary activities ; ### –science and society activities , supporting the principles of responsible research and innovation to better align the process of r&i and its outcomes with the values , needs , and expectations of society , and the operational objective in article 2 , including : citizen science , to develop and implement methods of citizen engagement , including in the co - design of research and innovation agendas and policy , in the co - creation of scientific content and innovation through transdisciplinary activities , supporting all types of formal , non - formal and informal science education , and the promotion and use of innovative and participatory deliberative policy processes ; civil society engagement , to develop and implement methods of engagement and address barriers to engagement , across the programme and in particular in the governance and monitoring and evaluation of pillar 2 , and in implementation of the activities of pillar 2 .


### –disruptive renewable energy technologies for new applications and breakthrough solutions ; ### –disruptive renewable energy technologies for both new and established applications and breakthrough solutions ;


### pillar iii ' open innovation ' with the following components : ### pillar iii ' innovative europe ' with the following components :


### for the eu to reach its air quality , climate , and energy goals , including a 60% reduction in green - house gas emissions by 2050 as well as noise reduction , will require rethinking the whole mobility system including users , vehicles , fuels and infrastructures . it will also require the deployment of low - emission alternative energies and market uptake of zero - emission vehicles / vessels / aircrafts . in addition to the harmful effects of greenhouse gas emissions , transport contributes significantly to poor air quality and noise in europe with negative consequences for the health of citizens18 . building on progress with electrification and the use of fuel cells for cars , buses and light duty vehicles it is essential to accelerate research and innovation solutions for other sectors such as aviation , maritime and inland navigation and lorries . _________________ 18 around one - third of eu citizens live in urban areas with concentration levels of pollutants above legal thresholds ### for the eu to reach its air quality , climate , and energy goals , including a net - zero ghg emission economy by 2050 at the latest as well as noise reduction , will require rethinking the whole mobility system including users , vehicles , fuels , efficiency , and infrastructures and space use . it will also require the deployment of renewable alternatives to all fossil - based - energies and market uptake of zero - emission vehicles / vessels / aircrafts . in addition to the harmful effects of greenhouse gas emissions , transport contributes significantly to poor air quality and noise in europe with negative consequences for the health of citizens18 . building on progress with electrification and the use of fuel cells for cars , buses , trucks and light duty vehicles it is essential to accelerate research and innovation solutions for other sectors such as aviation , maritime and inland navigation and heavy duty vehicles . _________________ 18 around one - third of eu citizens live in urban areas with concentration levels of pollutants above legal thresholds


### bio - based innovation lays the foundations for the transition away from a fossil - based economy by encompassing the sustainable sourcing , industrial processing and conversion of biomass from land and sea into bio - based materials and products . it also capitalises on the potential of living resources , life sciences and industrial biotechnology for new discoveries , products and processes . bio - based innovation , including technologies , can bring new economic activities and employment to regions and cities , contribute to revitalising rural and coastal economies and strengthen the circularity of the bioeconomy . ### bio - based innovation lays the foundations for the transition away from a fossil - based economy by encompassing the sustainable sourcing , industrial processing and conversion of biomass from land and water into bio - based materials and products . it also capitalises on the potential of living resources , life sciences and industrial biotechnology for new discoveries , products and processes . bio - based innovation , including technologies , can bring new economic activities and employment to regions and cities , contribute to revitalising rural and coastal economies and strengthen the circularity of the bioeconomy . potential trade - offs between the various sources of biomass should be carefully assess , in particular ensuring that new uses of biomass does not jeopardise food production and security , not only in the eu but also in developing countries , does not lead to unsustainable land - use conversion or land grabbing practices .


### –electrification and use of unconventional energy sources within industrial plants , and energy and resource exchanges between industrial plants ; ### –electrification and use of renewable energy sources , including renewables based hydrogen , within industrial plants , in order to replace fossil fuels ; energy , resource , heat and cold exchanges between industrial plants ;


### manufacturing is a key driver of employment and prosperity in the eu , producing over three quarters of the eu ' s global exports and providing over a 100 million direct and indirect jobs . the key challenge for eu manufacturing is to remain competitive at a global level with smarter and more customised products of high added value , produced at much lower energy costs . creative and cultural inputs will be vital to help generate added value . ### manufacturing is a key driver of employment and prosperity in the eu , producing over three quarters of the eu ' s global exports and providing over a 100 million direct and indirect jobs . the key challenge for eu manufacturing is to become more sustainable and remain competitive at a global level with smarter and more customised products of high added value , produced at much lower energy costs and a reduced carbon footprint and using more energy - and resource - efficient processes . creative and cultural inputs will be vital to help generate added value .


### these health challenges are complex , interlinked and global in nature and require multidisciplinary , cross - sectorial and transnational collaborations . research and innovation activities will build close linkages between discovery , clinical , epidemiological , environmental and socio - economic research as well as with regulatory sciences . they will harness the combined skills of academia and industry and foster their collaboration with health services , patients , policy - makers and citizens in order to leverage on public funding and ensure the uptake of results in clinical practice as well as in health care systems . they will foster strategic collaboration at eu and international level in order to pool the expertise , capacities and resources needed to create economies of scale , scope and speed as well as to share the expected benefits and financial risks involved . ### these health challenges are complex , interlinked and global in nature and require multidisciplinary , cross - sectorial and transnational collaborations , including with low and middle income countries . research and innovation activities will build close linkages between discovery , clinical , epidemiological , environmental and socio - economic research as well as with regulatory sciences . they will harness the combined skills of academia , not - for - profit product developers and industry and foster their collaboration with health services , patients , policy - makers , civil society organisations and citizens in order to leverage on public funding and ensure the uptake of results in clinical practice as well as in health care systems . they will foster strategic collaboration at eu and international level in order to pool the expertise , capacities and resources needed to create economies of scale , scope and speed as well as to share the expected benefits and financial risks involved .


### as a first step the commission will organise an eic forum of member states and associated countries’ public authorities and bodies in charge of national innovation policies and programmes , with the aim of promoting coordination and dialogue on the development of the eu ' s innovation ecosystem . within this eic forum , the commission will : ### as a first step the commission will organise an innovation forum of member states and associated countries’ public authorities and bodies in charge of national innovation policies and programmes , with the aim of promoting coordination and dialogue on the development of the eu ' s innovation ecosystem . within this innovation forum , the involved stakeholders and union bodies , including the eit , the eic board and the commission will :


### activities will contribute directly to the following sustainable development goal in particular : sdg 3 – good health and well - being for people ; sdg13 – climate action . ### activities will contribute directly to the following sustainable development goal in particular : sdg2 zero hunger , sdg 3 – good health and well - being for people ; sdg5 gender equality ; sdg 6 clean water and sanitation ; sdg13 – climate action .


### although the eu remains the largest producer of scientific publications in the world , it is essentially a ' mass producer ' of knowledge with , relative to its size , comparatively few centres of excellence that standout at the world level and with large areas of average and poor performance . compared with the us and now china to some degree , the eu still tends to follow a ' distributed excellence model ' in which resources are spread across a larger number of researchers and research institutions another challenge is that in many eu countries the public sector still does not offer sufficiently attractive conditions for the best researchers . these factors compound europe ' s relative unattractiveness in the global competition for scientific talent . ### the eu remains the largest producer of scientific publications in the world . compared with the us and now china to some degree , the eu follows a ' distributed excellence model ' in which resources are spread across a larger number of researchers and research institutions another challenge is that in many eu countries the public sector still does not offer sufficiently attractive conditions for the best researchers . these factors compound europe ' s relative unattractiveness in the global competition for scientific talent .


### activities will build a knowledge base and deliver solutions to : sustainably manage and use natural resources from land and sea - and enhance the role of terrestrial and aquatic systems as carbon sinks ; ensure food and nutrition security , providing safe , healthy and nutritious diets ; accelerate the transition from a fossil - based linear economy to a resource efficient , resilient , low emission , low - carbon circular economy , and supporting the development of a sustainable bio - based economy and the blue economy ; and develop resilient and vibrant rural , coastal and urban areas . ### multi - and trans - disciplinary approaches utilising the expertise and experience of actors along value chains will be sought to build a knowledge base and deliver solutions to : protect sustainably manage and use natural resources from land and water and enhance the role of terrestrial and aquatic systems as carbon sinks with closed loop nutrient cycling and functional hydrological systems ; ensure food and nutrition security , sufficient for the union ' s needs and avoiding waste and overproduction , providing safe food and feed , healthy and nutritious diets ; accelerate the transition of food and farming systems towards agro - ecological approaches to benefit both conventional and organic agriculture ; support income diversification in rural areas ; accelerate the transition from a fossil - based linear economy to a resource efficient , resilient , net - zero ghg emission circular economy , and supporting the development of a sustainable bio - based economy and the blue economy ; and develop resilient and vibrant rural , coastal and urban areas .


### activities will build a knowledge base and deliver solutions to : sustainably manage and use natural resources from land and sea - and enhance the role of terrestrial and aquatic systems as carbon sinks ; ensure food and nutrition security , providing safe , healthy and nutritious diets ; accelerate the transition from a fossil - based linear economy to a resource efficient , resilient , low emission , low - carbon circular economy , and supporting the development of a sustainable bio - based economy and the blue economy ; and develop resilient and vibrant rural , coastal and urban areas . ### activities will build a knowledge base and deliver solutions to : ensuring that biodiversity is maintained in the face of growing demand on natural resources , sustainably manage and efficiently use natural resources from land and water - and enhance the role of terrestrial and aquatic systems to increase sustainable growth of biomass and thus carbon sequestration , storage and substitution ; ensure safe food and nutrition safety and security , providing safe , healthy and nutritious diets ; support food and farming systems in implementation of agro - ecological approaches to benefit sustainable agriculture ; support income diversification in rural areas ; accelerate the transition from a fossil - based linear economy to a resource efficient , resilient , low emission , low - carbon circular bio economy , and supporting the development of a sustainable bio - based economy and the blue economy ; and develop resilient and vibrant rural , coastal and urban areas .


### –space situational awareness : robust eu capacity to monitor and forecast state of the space environment e . g . space weather , space debris and near earth objects , and new service concepts , such as space traffic management , applications and services to secure critical infrastructure in space and on earth ; ### –space situational awareness : robust eu capacity to monitor and forecast state of the space environment e . g . space weather , space debris and near earth objects , better infrastructure and new service concepts , such as space traffic management , applications and services to secure critical infrastructure in space and on earth ;


### involving citizens and end - users in co - design and co - creation processes ; ### involving citizens , civil society and end - users organisations in r&i agenda - setting , including co - design and co - creation processes ;


### the eu has established a comprehensive policy framework in the energy union strategy , with binding targets , legislative acts and research and innovation activities aiming to lead in developing and deploying efficient energy production systems based on renewables . ### the eu has established a comprehensive policy framework in the energy union strategy , with binding targets , legislative acts and research and innovation activities aiming to lead a highly energy efficient and renewables based energy system .


### health technologies and tools are vital for public health and contributed to a large extent to the important improvements achieved in the quality of life , health and care of people , in the eu . it is thus a key strategic challenge to design , develop , deliver and implement suitable , trustable , safe , and cost - effective tools and technologies for health and care , taking due account of the needs of people with disabilities and the aging society . these include artificial intelligence and other digital technologies , offering significant improvements over existing ones , as well as stimulating a competitive and sustainable health - related industry that creates high - value jobs . the european health - related industry is one of the critical economic sectors in the eu , accounting for 3% of gdp and 1 . 5 million employees . ### health technologies and tools are vital for public health and contributed to a large extent to the important improvements achieved in the quality of life , health and care of people , in the eu . it is thus a key strategic challenge to design , develop , deliver and implement suitable , trustable , safe , affordable and effective tools and technologies for health and care , taking due account of the needs of people with disabilities and the aging society . these include artificial intelligence and other digital technologies , offering significant improvements over existing ones , as well as stimulating a competitive and sustainable health - related industry that creates high - value jobs . the european health - related industry is one of the critical economic sectors in the eu , accounting for 3% of gdp and 1 . 5 million employees .


### the eit will play a reinforced role in strengthening sustainable innovation ecosystems across europe . in particular , the eit will continue to operate primarily through its knowledge and innovation communities , the large - scale european partnerships that address specific societal challenges . it will continue to strengthen innovation ecosystems around them , by fostering the integration of research , innovation and education . furthermore , eit will contribute to bridge existing gaps in innovation performance across europe by expanding its regional innovation scheme . the eit will work with innovation ecosystems that exhibit high innovation potential based on strategy , thematic alignment and impact , in close synergy with smart specialisation strategies and platforms . ### the eit will play a reinforced role in strengthening sustainable innovation ecosystems across europe providing solutions to the most pressing global challenges our societies are facing , as embodied by the sustainable development goals and the paris agreement . in particular , the eit will continue to operate primarily through its knowledge and innovation communities , the large - scale european partnerships that address specific societal challenges . the creation of new kics as well as its timing must be carefully considered not to undermine the efficiency and sustainability of the existing ones and should therefore be accompanied by additional funding . it will continue to strengthen innovation ecosystems around them , by fostering the integration of research , innovation and education . furthermore , eit will contribute to bridge existing gaps in innovation performance across europe by expanding its regional innovation scheme . the eit will work with innovation ecosystems that exhibit high innovation potential based on strategy , thematic alignment and impact , in close synergy with smart specialisation strategies and platforms .


### massive , concentrated and decentralised storage solutions for the energy system will increase efficiency , flexibility , technology independence and accessibility as well as the security of supply . low - emission , decarbonised transport will require a growing share of electrical and / or other alternatively fuelled vehicles , with better - performing and cheaper , recyclable and reusable batteries , as well as local provision of synthetic / renewable fuels such as hydrogen and innovative solutions for on - site storage . ### massive , concentrated and decentralised storage solutions for the energy system will increase efficiency , flexibility , technology independence and accessibility as well as the security of supply . emission free transport will require a growing share of electrical and / or other alternatively fuelled vehicles , with better - performing and cheaper , highly recyclable and reusable batteries , that have a low environmental impact , as well as local provision of renewable based synthetic fuels such as renewable hydrogen and innovative solutions for on - site storage . innovations in this area are highly dependent on access to several critical raw materials .


### for each mission , a mission board may be established . it shall be composed of around 15 high level individuals including relevant end - users ' representatives . the mission board shall advise upon the following : ### for each mission , a mission board shall be established for steering the co - designing and their implementation . it shall be composed of around 15 independent high level individuals . the mission board shall comprise a gender balanced mix of representatives from various backgrounds , sectors , disciplines and interests , including from academia , research and technology organisations , industry of various sizes , territorial authorities , and relevant civil society and end - users ' representatives . at least half of the mission board shall include relevant civil society , public institutions , and relevant end - users ' representatives . the members of the mission board shall be appointed by the commission , following an independent and transparent procedure for their selection following an open call for expressions of interest . the board shall operate according to the principles of autonomy , transparency and accountability . the mission board shall advise on the following :


### in the implementation of horizon europe , particular attention will be paid to ensuring a balanced and broad approach to research and innovation , which is not only limited to the development of new products processes and services on the basis of scientific and technological knowledge and breakthroughs , but also incorporates the use of existing technologies in novel applications and continuous improvement and non - technological and social innovation . a systemic , cross - disciplinary , cross - sectoral and cross - policy approach to research innovation will ensure that challenges can be tackled while also giving rise to new competitive businesses and industries , fostering competition , stimulating private investments and preserving the level playing field in the internal market . ### in the implementation of horizon europe , particular attention will be paid to ensuring a balanced and broad approach to research and innovation , which is not only limited to the development of new products processes and services on the basis of scientific and technological knowledge and breakthroughs , but also incorporates the use of existing technologies in novel applications and continuous improvement and non - technological and social innovation . a systemic , cross - disciplinary , cross - sectoral and cross - policy approach to research and innovation will ensure that societal challenges can be tackled while also , where in line with sustainable development , giving rise to new competitive businesses and industries , fostering competition , stimulating private investments and preserving the level playing field in the internal market .


### –environmental , occupational , social and behavioural factors impacting physical and mental health and well - being of people and their interaction , with special attention to vulnerable and disadvantaged people ; ### –environmental , occupational , social and behavioural factors impacting physical and mental health and well - being of people and their interaction , with special attention to vulnerable and disadvantaged people as well as people with disabling or impairing conditions ;


### –treatments or cures , including both pharmacological and nonpharmacological treatments ; ### –safe , effective , affordable treatments or cures , including both pharmacological and non pharmacological treatments ;


### digitisation is a major driver . as it continues at a rapid pace across all sectors , investment in priority areas ranging from artificial intelligence to next generation internet , high performance computing , photonics and nano - electronics , becomes essential for the strength of our economy and the sustainability of our society . investing , producing and using ict provides a major boost to eu economic growth , amounting to an increase of 30% between 2001 and 2011 alone . ### digitisation is a major driver . as it continues at a rapid pace across all sectors , investment in priority areas ranging from artificial intelligence to next generation internet , high performance computing , photonics and nano - electronics , and smart environmental data become essential for the strength of our economy and the sustainability of our society . the transition to a digitised industry needs to be prepared and the social and economic impacts and risks assessed and tackled . investing , producing and using ict provides a major boost to eu economic growth , amounting to an increase of 30% between 2001 and 2011 alone .


### –consumers ' behaviour , lifestyle and motivations , promoting social innovation and societal engagement for better health and environmental sustainability throughout the entire food value chain ; ### –consumers ' behaviour , lifestyle and motivations , promoting social innovation and societal engagement for better health , environmental sustainability and animal welfare throughout the entire food value chain ;