### (46) action against illegal content can be taken more quickly and reliably where online platforms take the necessary measures to ensure that notices submitted by trusted flaggers through the notice and action mechanisms required by this regulation are treated with priority , without prejudice to the requirement to process and decide upon all notices submitted under those mechanisms in a timely , diligent and objective manner. such trusted flagger status should only be awarded to entities , and not individuals , that have demonstrated , among other things , that they have particular expertise and competence in tackling illegal content , that they represent collective interests and that they work in a diligent and objective manner. such entities can be public in nature , such as , for terrorist content , internet referral units of national law enforcement authorities or of the european union agency for law enforcement cooperation (‘europol’) or they can be non-governmental organisations and semi-public bodies , such as the organisations part of the inhope network of hotlines for reporting child sexual abuse material and organisations committed to notifying illegal racist and xenophobic expressions online. for intellectual property rights , organisations of industry and of right-holders could be awarded trusted flagger status , where they have demonstrated that they meet the applicable conditions. the rules of this regulation on trusted flaggers should not be understood to prevent online platforms from giving similar treatment to notices submitted by entities or individuals that have not been awarded trusted flagger status under this regulation , from otherwise cooperating with other entities , in accordance with the applicable law , including this regulation and regulation (eu) 2016/794 of the european parliament and of the council.43 ### (46) action against illegal content can be taken more quickly and reliably where online platforms take the necessary measures to ensure that notices submitted by trusted flaggers through the notice and action mechanisms required by this regulation are treated with priority , without prejudice to the requirement to process and decide upon all notices submitted under those mechanisms in a timely , diligent and objective manner. such trusted flagger status should only be awarded to entities , and not individuals , that have demonstrated , among other things , that they have particular expertise and competence in tackling illegal content , that they represent collective interests and that they work in a diligent and objective manner. such entities can be public in nature or they can be non-governmental organisations and semi-public bodies , such as the organisations part of the inhope network of hotlines for reporting child sexual abuse material and organisations committed to notifying illegal racist and xenophobic expressions online. for intellectual property rights , organisations of industry and of right-holders could be awarded trusted flagger status , where they have demonstrated that they meet the applicable conditions. the rules of this regulation on trusted flaggers should not be understood to prevent online platforms from giving similar treatment to notices submitted by entities or individuals that have not been awarded trusted flagger status under this regulation , from otherwise cooperating with other entities , in accordance with the applicable law , including this regulation and regulation (eu) 2016/794 of the european parliament and of the council.43


### (64) in order to appropriately supervise the compliance of very large online platforms with the obligations laid down by this regulation , the digital services coordinator of establishment or the commission may require access to or reporting of specific data. such a requirement may include , for example , the data necessary to assess the risks and possible harms brought about by the platform’s systems , data on the accuracy , functioning and testing of algorithmic systems for content moderation , recommender systems or advertising systems , or data on processes and outputs of content moderation or of internal complaint-handling systems within the meaning of this regulation. investigations by researchers on the evolution and severity of online systemic risks are particularly important for bridging information asymmetries and establishing a resilient system of risk mitigation , informing online platforms , digital services coordinators , other competent authorities , the commission and the public. this regulation therefore provides a framework for compelling access to data from very large online platforms to vetted researchers. all requirements for access to data under that framework should be proportionate and appropriately protect the rights and legitimate interests , including trade secrets and other confidential information , of the platform and any other parties concerned , including the recipients of the service. ### (64) in order to appropriately supervise the compliance of very large online platforms with the obligations laid down by this regulation , the digital services coordinator of establishment or the agency may require access to or reporting of specific data. such a requirement may include , for example , the data necessary to assess the risks and possible harms brought about by the platform’s systems , data on the accuracy , functioning and testing of algorithmic systems for content moderation , recommender systems or advertising systems , or data on processes and outputs of content moderation or of internal complaint-handling systems within the meaning of this regulation. investigations by researchers , civil society and media organisations on the evolution and severity of online systemic risks are particularly important for bridging information asymmetries and establishing a resilient system of risk mitigation , informing online platforms , digital services coordinators , other competent authorities , the agency and the public. this regulation therefore provides a framework for compelling access to data from very large online platforms to vetted researchers , not-for-profit bodies , organisations or associations , or media organisations. all requirements for access to data under that framework should be proportionate and appropriately protect the rights and legitimate interests of the platform and any other parties concerned , including the recipients of the service. to that end , the commission should issue regulatory guidance to specify the modalities and safeguards for data access and sharing , and provide platforms with legal certainty while ensuring the independence of the research.


### (64) in order to appropriately supervise the compliance of very large online platforms with the obligations laid down by this regulation , the digital services coordinator of establishment or the commission may require access to or reporting of specific data. such a requirement may include , for example , the data necessary to assess the risks and possible harms brought about by the platform’s systems , data on the accuracy , functioning and testing of algorithmic systems for content moderation , recommender systems or advertising systems , or data on processes and outputs of content moderation or of internal complaint-handling systems within the meaning of this regulation. investigations by researchers on the evolution and severity of online systemic risks are particularly important for bridging information asymmetries and establishing a resilient system of risk mitigation , informing online platforms , digital services coordinators , other competent authorities , the commission and the public. this regulation therefore provides a framework for compelling access to data from very large online platforms to vetted researchers. all requirements for access to data under that framework should be proportionate and appropriately protect the rights and legitimate interests , including trade secrets and other confidential information , of the platform and any other parties concerned , including the recipients of the service. ### (64) in order to appropriately supervise the compliance of very large online platforms with the obligations laid down by this regulation , the digital services coordinator of establishment or the commission may require access to or reporting of specific data. such a requirement may include , for example , the data necessary to assess the risks and possible harms brought about by the platform’s systems , data on the accuracy , functioning and testing of algorithmic systems by providing relevant source code and associated data that allow the detection of possible biases or threats to fundamental rights for content moderation , recommender systems or advertising systems , or data on processes and outputs of content moderation or of internal complaint-handling systems within the meaning of this regulation. investigations of possible biases or threats to fundamental rights are particularly important for bridging information asymmetries and establishing a resilient system of risk mitigation , informing online platforms , digital services coordinators , other competent authorities , the commission and the public. this regulation therefore provides a framework for compelling access to data from very large online platforms. all requirements for access to data under that framework should be proportionate and appropriately protect the rights and legitimate interests , including trade secrets in line with directive (eu) 2016/943 and the privacy of any other parties concerned , including the recipients of the service.


### (64) in order to appropriately supervise the compliance of very large online platforms with the obligations laid down by this regulation , the digital services coordinator of establishment or the commission may require access to or reporting of specific data. such a requirement may include , for example , the data necessary to assess the risks and possible harms brought about by the platform’s systems , data on the accuracy , functioning and testing of algorithmic systems for content moderation , recommender systems or advertising systems , or data on processes and outputs of content moderation or of internal complaint-handling systems within the meaning of this regulation. investigations by researchers on the evolution and severity of online systemic risks are particularly important for bridging information asymmetries and establishing a resilient system of risk mitigation , informing online platforms , digital services coordinators , other competent authorities , the commission and the public. this regulation therefore provides a framework for compelling access to data from very large online platforms to vetted researchers. all requirements for access to data under that framework should be proportionate and appropriately protect the rights and legitimate interests , including trade secrets and other confidential information , of the platform and any other parties concerned , including the recipients of the service. ### (64) in order to appropriately supervise the compliance of very large online platforms with the obligations laid down by this regulation , the digital services coordinator of establishment or the commission may require access to or reporting of specific data. such a requirement may include , for example , the data necessary to assess the dissemination of illegal content using the platform’s systems , data on the accuracy , functioning and testing of algorithmic systems for content moderation , recommender systems or advertising systems , or data on processes and outputs of content moderation or of internal complaint-handling systems within the meaning of this regulation. investigations by researchers on the evolution and severity of online systemic risks are particularly important for bridging information asymmetries and establishing a resilient system of risk mitigation , informing online platforms , digital services coordinators , other competent authorities , the commission and the public. this regulation therefore provides a framework for compelling access to data from very large online platforms to vetted researchers. all requirements for access to data under that framework should be proportionate and appropriately protect the rights and legitimate interests , including trade secrets and other confidential information , of the platform and any other parties concerned , including the recipients of the service.


### (67) the commission and the board should encourage the drawing-up of codes of conduct to contribute to the application of this regulation. while the implementation of codes of conduct should be measurable and subject to public oversight , this should not impair the voluntary nature of such codes and the freedom of interested parties to decide whether to participate. in certain circumstances , it is important that very large online platforms cooperate in the drawing-up and adhere to specific codes of conduct. nothing in this regulation prevents other service providers from adhering to the same standards of due diligence , adopting best practices and benefitting from the guidance provided by the commission and the board , by participating in the same codes of conduct. ### (67) the commission and the board may facilitate the drawing-up of codes of conduct to contribute to the application of this regulation. while the implementation of codes of conduct should be measurable and subject to public oversight , this should not impair the voluntary nature of such codes and the freedom of interested parties to decide whether to participate. in certain circumstances , it is important that very large online platforms cooperate in the drawing-up and adhere to specific codes of conduct. nothing in this regulation prevents other service providers from adhering to the same standards of due diligence , adopting best practices and benefitting from the guidance provided by the commission and the board , by participating in the same codes of conduct.


### (67) the commission and the board should encourage the drawing-up of codes of conduct to contribute to the application of this regulation. while the implementation of codes of conduct should be measurable and subject to public oversight , this should not impair the voluntary nature of such codes and the freedom of interested parties to decide whether to participate. in certain circumstances , it is important that very large online platforms cooperate in the drawing-up and adhere to specific codes of conduct. nothing in this regulation prevents other service providers from adhering to the same standards of due diligence , adopting best practices and benefitting from the guidance provided by the commission and the board , by participating in the same codes of conduct. ### (67) the commission and the board may encourage the drawing-up of codes of conduct to contribute to the application of this regulation. while the implementation of codes of conduct should be measurable and subject to public oversight , this should not impair the voluntary nature of such codes and the freedom of interested parties to decide whether to participate. in certain circumstances , it is important that very large online platforms cooperate in the drawing-up and adhere to specific codes of conduct. nothing in this regulation prevents other service providers from adhering to the same standards of due diligence , adopting best practices and benefitting from the guidance provided by the commission and the board , by participating in the same codes of conduct.


### 5. where an online platform has information indicating that a trusted flagger submitted a significant number of insufficiently precise or inadequately substantiated notices through the mechanisms referred to in article 14 , including information gathered in connection to the processing of complaints through the internal complaint-handling systems referred to in article 17(3) , it shall communicate that information to the digital services coordinator that awarded the status of trusted flagger to the entity concerned , providing the necessary explanations and supporting documents. ### 5. where an online platform has information indicating that a trusted flagger submitted a not insignificant number of insufficiently precise , inaccurate or inadequately substantiated notices through the mechanisms referred to in article 14 , including information gathered in connection to the processing of complaints through the internal complaint-handling systems referred to in article 17(3) , it shall communicate that information to the digital services coordinator that awarded the status of trusted flagger to the entity concerned , providing the necessary explanations and supporting documents.


### 5. where an online platform has information indicating that a trusted flagger submitted a significant number of insufficiently precise or inadequately substantiated notices through the mechanisms referred to in article 14 , including information gathered in connection to the processing of complaints through the internal complaint-handling systems referred to in article 17(3) , it shall communicate that information to the digital services coordinator that awarded the status of trusted flagger to the entity concerned , providing the necessary explanations and supporting documents. ### 5. where an online platform has information indicating that a trusted flagger submitted a significant number of insufficiently precise or inadequately substantiated notices or notices regarding legal content through the mechanisms referred to in article 14 , including information gathered in connection to the processing of complaints through the internal complaint-handling systems referred to in article 17(3) , it shall communicate that information to the digital services coordinator that awarded the status of trusted flagger to the entity concerned , providing the necessary explanations and supporting documents.


### 6. the digital services coordinator that awarded the status of trusted flagger to an entity shall revoke that status if it determines , following an investigation either on its own initiative or on the basis information received by third parties , including the information provided by an online platform pursuant to paragraph 5 , that the entity no longer meets the conditions set out in paragraph 2. before revoking that status , the digital services coordinator shall afford the entity an opportunity to react to the findings of its investigation and its intention to revoke the entity’s status as trusted flagger ### 6. the digital services coordinator that awarded the status of trusted flagger to an entity shall revoke that status if it determines , following an investigation either on its own initiative or on the basis information received from third parties , including the information provided by an online platform pursuant to paragraph 5 , that the entity no longer meets the conditions set out in paragraph 2. before revoking that status , the digital services coordinator shall afford the entity an opportunity to react to the findings of its investigation and its intention to revoke the entity’s status as trusted flagger


### 6. the digital services coordinator that awarded the status of trusted flagger to an entity shall revoke that status if it determines , following an investigation either on its own initiative or on the basis information received by third parties , including the information provided by an online platform pursuant to paragraph 5 , that the entity no longer meets the conditions set out in paragraph 2. before revoking that status , the digital services coordinator shall afford the entity an opportunity to react to the findings of its investigation and its intention to revoke the entity’s status as trusted flagger ### 6. the entity that awarded the status of trusted flagger to an entity shall revoke that status if it determines , following an investigation either on its own initiative or on the basis information received by third parties , including the information provided by an online platform pursuant to paragraph 5 , that the entity no longer meets the conditions set out in paragraph 2. before revoking that status , the digital services coordinator shall afford the entity an opportunity to react to the findings of its investigation and its intention to revoke the entity’s status as trusted flagger


### 7. the commission , after consulting the board , may issue guidance to assist online platforms and digital services coordinators in the application of paragraphs 5 and 6. ### 7. the agency may issue guidance to assist online platforms and digital services coordinators in the application of paragraphs 5 and 6.


### 1. online platforms shall suspend , for a reasonable period of time and after having issued a prior warning , the provision of their services to recipients of the service that frequently provide manifestly illegal content. ### 1. online platforms shall suspend , for a reasonable period of time and after having issued a prior warning , the provision of their services to recipients of the service that frequently provide manifestly illegal content. any prior warning shall provide the recipient of the service with a reasonable amount of time to provide a justification to the online platform to consider that the information to which the suspension relates is not manifestly illegal. such justifications shall be subject to human review.


### 1. online platforms shall suspend , for a reasonable period of time and after having issued a prior warning , the provision of their services to recipients of the service that frequently provide manifestly illegal content. ### deleted


### 1. online platforms shall suspend , for a reasonable period of time and after having issued a prior warning , the provision of their services to recipients of the service that frequently provide manifestly illegal content. ### 1. online platforms may suspend , only for a reasonable short period of time and after having issued a prior warning and after providing a comprehensive explanation , the provision of their services to recipients of the service that frequently provide manifestly illegal content.


### 5. the board shall regularly monitor and evaluate the achievement of the objectives of the codes of conduct , having regard to the key performance indicators that they may contain. ### 5. the agency shall regularly monitor and evaluate , at least once a year , the achievement of the objectives of the codes of conduct , having regard to the key performance indicators that they may contain.


### 5. the board shall regularly monitor and evaluate the achievement of the objectives of the codes of conduct , having regard to the key performance indicators that they may contain. ### 5. the board may regularly monitor and evaluate the achievement of the objectives of the codes of conduct , having regard to the key performance indicators that they may contain.


### 1. the commission shall encourage and facilitate the drawing up of codes of conduct at union level between , online platforms and other relevant service providers , such as providers of online advertising intermediary services or organisations representing recipients of the service and civil society organisations or relevant authorities to contribute to further transparency in online advertising beyond the requirements of articles 24 and 30. ### 1. the commission may encourage and facilitate the drawing up of voluntary codes of conduct at union level between , online platforms and other relevant service providers , such as providers of online advertising intermediary services or organisations representing recipients of the service and civil society organisations or relevant authorities to contribute to further transparency in online advertising beyond the requirements of articles 24 and 30.


### 1. the commission shall encourage and facilitate the drawing up of codes of conduct at union level between , online platforms and other relevant service providers , such as providers of online advertising intermediary services or organisations representing recipients of the service and civil society organisations or relevant authorities to contribute to further transparency in online advertising beyond the requirements of articles 24 and 30. ### 1. the commission may facilitate the drawing up of voluntary codes of conduct at union level between , online platforms and other relevant service providers , such as providers of online advertising intermediary services or organisations representing recipients of the service and civil society organisations or relevant authorities to contribute to further transparency in online advertising beyond the requirements of articles 24 and 30.


### the transmission of information held by providers of online advertising intermediaries to recipients of the service with regard to requirements set in points (b) and (c) of article 24; ### the transmission of information held by providers of online advertising intermediaries to recipients of the service with regard to requirements set in points (b) and (c) of article 2a new;


### the transmission of information held by providers of online advertising intermediaries to the repositories pursuant to article 30. ### the transmission of information held by providers of online advertising intermediaries to the repositories pursuant to article 30 , in particular the information referred to in points (d) and (d a new) of paragraph 2 of article 30..


### 3. the commission shall encourage the development of the codes of conduct within one year following the date of application of this regulation and their application no later than six months after that date. ### deleted


### 1. the board may recommend the commission to initiate the drawing up , in accordance with paragraphs 2 , 3 and 4 , of crisis protocols for addressing crisis situations strictly limited to extraordinary circumstances affecting public security or public health. ### 1. the board may recommend the commission to initiate the drawing up , in accordance with paragraphs 2 , 3 and 4 , of voluntary crisis protocols for addressing crisis situations strictly limited to extraordinary circumstances affecting public security or public health.


### 1. the board may recommend the commission to initiate the drawing up , in accordance with paragraphs 2 , 3 and 4 , of crisis protocols for addressing crisis situations strictly limited to extraordinary circumstances affecting public security or public health. ### 1. the board may recommend the commission to initiate the drawing up , in accordance with paragraphs 2 , 3 and 4 , of crisis protocols for addressing crisis situations strictly limited to extraordinary circumstances affecting public security or public health. the commission is responsible for drafting , implementation and scrutiny of the crisis protocols and shall annually report on it to the european parliament.


### 2. the commission shall encourage and facilitate very large online platforms and , where appropriate , other online platforms , with the involvement of the commission , to participate in the drawing up , testing and application of those crisis protocols , which include one or more of the following measures: ### 2. the commission may encourage and facilitate very large online platforms and , where appropriate , other online platforms , with the involvement of the commission , to participate in the drawing up , testing and application of those crisis protocols , which include one or more of the following measures:


### (9) this regulation should complement , yet not affect the application of rules resulting from other acts of union law regulating certain aspects of the provision of intermediary services , in particular directive 2000/31/ec , with the exception of those changes introduced by this regulation , directive 2010/13/eu of the european parliament and of the council as amended ,28 and regulation (eu) …/.. of the european parliament and of the council29 – proposed terrorist content online regulation. therefore , this regulation leaves those other acts , which are to be considered lex specialis in relation to the generally applicable framework set out in this regulation , unaffected. however , the rules of this regulation apply in respect of issues that are not or not fully addressed by those other acts as well as issues on which those other acts leave member states the possibility of adopting certain measures at national level. ### (9) this regulation should complement , yet not affect the application of rules resulting from other acts of union law regulating certain aspects of the provision of intermediary services , in particular directive 2000/31/ec , with the exception of those changes introduced by this regulation , directive 2010/13/eu of the european parliament and of the council as amended ,28 and regulation (eu) …/.. of the european parliament and of the council29 – proposed terrorist content online regulation. therefore , this regulation leaves those other acts , which are to be considered lex specialis in relation to the generally applicable framework set out in this regulation , unaffected. however , the rules of this regulation apply in respect of issues that are not or not fully addressed by those other acts as well as issues on which those other acts leave member states the possibility of adopting certain measures at national level. at the same time , it respects member states' competence to adopt and further develop laws in order to protect and promote the freedom of expression in line with the charter of fundamental rights of the european union.


### (12) in order to achieve the objective of ensuring a safe , predictable and trusted online environment , for the purpose of this regulation the concept of “illegal content” should be defined broadly and also covers information relating to illegal content , products , services and activities. in particular , that concept should be understood to refer to information , irrespective of its form , that under the applicable law is either itself illegal , such as illegal hate speech or terrorist content and unlawful discriminatory content , or that relates to activities that are illegal , such as the sharing of images depicting child sexual abuse , unlawful non-consensual sharing of private images , online stalking , the sale of non-compliant or counterfeit products , the non-authorised use of copyright protected material or activities involving infringements of consumer protection law. in this regard , it is immaterial whether the illegality of the information or activity results from union law or from national law that is consistent with union law and what the precise nature or subject matter is of the law in question. ### (12) in order to achieve the objective of ensuring a safe , predictable and trusted online environment , for the purpose of this regulation the concept of “illegal content” should be defined broadly and also covers information relating to illegal content , products , services and activities. in particular , that concept should be understood to refer to information , irrespective of its form , that under the applicable law is either itself illegal , such as illegal hate speech or terrorist content and unlawful discriminatory content , or that relates to activities that are illegal , such as the sharing of images depicting child sexual abuse , unlawful non-consensual sharing of private images , online stalking , the sale of non-compliant or counterfeit products , the non-authorised use of copyright protected material or activities involving infringements of consumer protection law. in this regard , it is immaterial whether the illegality of the information or activity results from union law or from national law that is consistent with union law and what the precise nature or subject matter is of the law in question. for the purpose of this regulation , the concept of “manifestly illegal content” should be defined as any information which has been subject of a specific ruling by a court or administrative authority of a member state or where it is evident to a layperson , without any substantive analysis , that the content is in not in compliance with union law or the law of a member state.


### (34) in order to achieve the objectives of this regulation , and in particular to improve the functioning of the internal market and ensure a safe and transparent online environment , it is necessary to establish a clear and balanced set of harmonised due diligence obligations for providers of intermediary services. those obligations should aim in particular to guarantee different public policy objectives such as the safety and trust of the recipients of the service , including minors and vulnerable users , protect the relevant fundamental rights enshrined in the charter , to ensure meaningful accountability of those providers and to empower recipients and other affected parties , whilst facilitating the necessary oversight by competent authorities. ### (34) in order to achieve the objectives of this regulation , and in particular to improve the functioning of the internal market and ensure a safe and transparent online environment , it is necessary to establish a clear and balanced set of harmonised due diligence obligations for providers of intermediary services. those obligations should aim in particular to guarantee different public policy objectives such as the safety and trust of the recipients of the service , including minors , women and vulnerable users , such as those with protected characteristics under article 21 of the charter , protect the fundamental rights enshrined in the charter , to ensure meaningful accountability of those providers and to empower recipients and other affected parties , whilst facilitating the necessary oversight by competent authorities.


### (47) the misuse of services of online platforms by frequently providing manifestly illegal content or by frequently submitting manifestly unfounded notices or complaints under the mechanisms and systems , respectively , established under this regulation undermines trust and harms the rights and legitimate interests of the parties concerned. therefore , there is a need to put in place appropriate and proportionate safeguards against such misuse. information should be considered to be manifestly illegal content and notices or complaints should be considered manifestly unfounded where it is evident to a layperson , without any substantive analysis , that the content is illegal respectively that the notices or complaints are unfounded. under certain conditions , online platforms should temporarily suspend their relevant activities in respect of the person engaged in abusive behaviour. this is without prejudice to the freedom by online platforms to determine their terms and conditions and establish stricter measures in the case of manifestly illegal content related to serious crimes. for reasons of transparency , this possibility should be set out , clearly and in sufficiently detail , in the terms and conditions of the online platforms. redress should always be open to the decisions taken in this regard by online platforms and they should be subject to oversight by the competent digital services coordinator. the rules of this regulation on misuse should not prevent online platforms from taking other measures to address the provision of illegal content by recipients of their service or other misuse of their services , in accordance with the applicable union and national law. those rules are without prejudice to any possibility to hold the persons engaged in misuse liable , including for damages , provided for in union or national law. ### (47) the misuse of services of online platforms by repeatedly submitting manifestly unfounded notices or complaints under the mechanisms and systems , respectively , established under this regulation undermines trust and harms the rights and legitimate interests of the parties concerned. therefore , there is a need to put in place appropriate and proportionate safeguards against such misuse. notices or complaints should be considered manifestly unfounded where it is evident to a layperson , without any substantive analysis , that the content is illegal respectively that the notices or complaints are unfounded. under certain conditions , online platforms should temporarily suspend their relevant activities in respect of the person engaged in abusive behaviour. for reasons of transparency , this possibility should be set out , clearly and in sufficiently detail , in the terms and conditions of the online platforms. redress should always be open to the decisions taken in this regard by online platforms and they should be subject to oversight by the competent digital services coordinator. the rules of this regulation on misuse should not prevent online platforms from taking other measures to address the misuse of their services , in accordance with the applicable union and national law. those rules are without prejudice to any possibility to hold the persons engaged in misuse liable , including for damages , provided for in union or national law.


### (49) in order to contribute to a safe , trustworthy and transparent online environment for consumers , as well as for other interested parties such as competing traders and holders of intellectual property rights , and to deter traders from selling products or services in violation of the applicable rules , online platforms allowing consumers to conclude distance contracts with traders should ensure that such traders are traceable. the trader should therefore be required to provide certain essential information to the online platform , including for purposes of promoting messages on or offering products. that requirement should also be applicable to traders that promote messages on products or services on behalf of brands , based on underlying agreements. those online platforms should store all information in a secure manner for a reasonable period of time that does not exceed what is necessary , so that it can be accessed , in accordance with the applicable law , including on the protection of personal data , by public authorities and private parties with a legitimate interest , including through the orders to provide information referred to in this regulation. ### (49) in order to contribute to a safe , trustworthy and transparent online environment for consumers , as well as for other interested parties such as competing traders and holders of intellectual property rights , and to deter traders from selling products or services in violation of the applicable rules , online platforms allowing consumers to conclude distance contracts with traders should ensure that such traders are traceable. the trader should therefore be required to provide certain essential information to the online platform , including for purposes of promoting messages on or offering products. that requirement should also be applicable to traders that promote messages on products or services on behalf of brands , based on underlying agreements. those online platforms should verify such information and store all information in a secure manner for a reasonable period of time that does not exceed what is necessary , so that it can be accessed , in accordance with the applicable law , including on the protection of personal data , by public authorities and private parties with a legitimate interest , including through the orders to provide information referred to in this regulation.


### (52) online advertisement plays an important role in the online environment , including in relation to the provision of the services of online platforms. however , online advertisement can contribute to significant risks , ranging from advertisement that is itself illegal content , to contributing to financial incentives for the publication or amplification of illegal or otherwise harmful content and activities online , or the discriminatory display of advertising with an impact on the equal treatment and opportunities of citizens. in addition to the requirements resulting from article 6 of directive 2000/31/ec , online platforms should therefore be required to ensure that the recipients of the service have certain individualised information necessary for them to understand when and on whose behalf the advertisement is displayed. in addition , recipients of the service should have information on the main parameters used for determining that specific advertising is to be displayed to them , providing meaningful explanations of the logic used to that end , including when this is based on profiling. the requirements of this regulation on the provision of information relating to advertisement is without prejudice to the application of the relevant provisions of regulation (eu) 2016/679 , in particular those regarding the right to object , automated individual decision-making , including profiling and specifically the need to obtain consent of the data subject prior to the processing of personal data for targeted advertising. similarly , it is without prejudice to the provisions laid down in directive 2002/58/ec in particular those regarding the storage of information in terminal equipment and the access to information stored therein. ### (52) online advertisement plays an important role in the online environment , including in relation to the provision of the services of online platforms. however , online advertisement can contribute to significant risks , ranging from advertisement that is itself illegal content , to contributing to financial incentives for the publication or amplification of illegal or otherwise harmful content and activities online , or the discriminatory display of advertising with an impact on the equal treatment and opportunities of citizens , in particular with regard to gender equality. in addition to the requirements resulting from article 6 of directive 2000/31/ec , online platforms should therefore be required to ensure that the recipients of the service have certain individualised information necessary for them to understand when and on whose behalf the advertisement is displayed. in addition , recipients of the service should have information on the main parameters used for determining that specific advertising is to be displayed to them , providing meaningful explanations of the logic used to that end , including when this is based on profiling. the requirements of this regulation on the provision of information relating to advertisement is without prejudice to the application of the relevant provisions of regulation (eu) 2016/679 , in particular those regarding the right to object , automated individual decision-making , including profiling and specifically the need to obtain consent of the data subject prior to the processing of personal data for targeted advertising. similarly , it is without prejudice to the provisions laid down in directive 2002/58/ec in particular those regarding the storage of information in terminal equipment and the access to information stored therein.


### (56) very large online platforms are used in a way that strongly influences safety online , the shaping of public opinion and discourse , as well as on online trade. the way they design their services is generally optimised to benefit their often advertising-driven business models and can cause societal concerns. in the absence of effective regulation and enforcement , they can set the rules of the game , without effectively identifying and mitigating the risks and the societal and economic harm they can cause. under this regulation , very large online platforms should therefore assess the systemic risks stemming from the functioning and use of their service , as well as by potential misuses by the recipients of the service , and take appropriate mitigating measures. ### (56) very large online platforms are used in a way that strongly influences safety online , the shaping of public opinion and discourse , as well as on online trade. the way they design their services is generally optimised to benefit their often advertising-driven business models and can cause societal concerns. in the absence of effective regulation and enforcement , they can set the rules of the game , without effectively identifying and mitigating the risks and the societal and economic harm they can cause. under this regulation , very large online platforms should therefore assess the impact of functioning and use of their service , as well as by potential misuses by the recipients of the service on fundamental rights , and take appropriate mitigating measures.


### (57) three categories of systemic risks should be assessed in-depth. a first category concerns the risks associated with the misuse of their service through the dissemination of illegal content , such as the dissemination of child sexual abuse material or illegal hate speech , and the conduct of illegal activities , such as the sale of products or services prohibited by union or national law , including counterfeit products. for example , and without prejudice to the personal responsibility of the recipient of the service of very large online platforms for possible illegality of his or her activity under the applicable law , such dissemination or activities may constitute a significant systematic risk where access to such content may be amplified through accounts with a particularly wide reach. a second category concerns the impact of the service on the exercise of fundamental rights , as protected by the charter of fundamental rights , including the freedom of expression and information , the right to private life , the right to non-discrimination and the rights of the child. such risks may arise , for example , in relation to the design of the algorithmic systems used by the very large online platform or the misuse of their service through the submission of abusive notices or other methods for silencing speech or hampering competition. a third category of risks concerns the intentional and , oftentimes , coordinated manipulation of the platform’s service , with a foreseeable impact on health , civic discourse , electoral processes , public security and protection of minors , having regard to the need to safeguard public order , protect privacy and fight fraudulent and deceptive commercial practices. such risks may arise , for example , through the creation of fake accounts , the use of bots , and other automated or partially automated behaviours , which may lead to the rapid and widespread dissemination of information that is illegal content or incompatible with an online platform’s terms and conditions. ### (57) three categories of adverse impact should be assessed in-depth. a first category concerns the risks associated with the misuse of their service through the dissemination of manifestly illegal content , such as the dissemination of child sexual abuse material. a second category concerns the impact of the service on the exercise of fundamental rights , as protected by the charter of fundamental rights , including the freedom of expression and information , including freedom and pluralism of media , the right to private life , the right to non-discrimination and the rights of the child. such risks may arise , for example , in relation to the design of the algorithmic systems used by the very large online platform or the misuse of their service through the submission of abusive notices or other methods for silencing speech or hampering competition. a third category concerns the malfunctioning or intentional and , oftentimes , coordinated manipulation of the platform’s service , with a foreseeable impact on fundamental rights. such risks may arise , for example , through the creation of fake accounts , the use of bots , and other automated or partially automated exploitation of the service.


### (57) three categories of systemic risks should be assessed in-depth. a first category concerns the risks associated with the misuse of their service through the dissemination of illegal content , such as the dissemination of child sexual abuse material or illegal hate speech , and the conduct of illegal activities , such as the sale of products or services prohibited by union or national law , including counterfeit products. for example , and without prejudice to the personal responsibility of the recipient of the service of very large online platforms for possible illegality of his or her activity under the applicable law , such dissemination or activities may constitute a significant systematic risk where access to such content may be amplified through accounts with a particularly wide reach. a second category concerns the impact of the service on the exercise of fundamental rights , as protected by the charter of fundamental rights , including the freedom of expression and information , the right to private life , the right to non-discrimination and the rights of the child. such risks may arise , for example , in relation to the design of the algorithmic systems used by the very large online platform or the misuse of their service through the submission of abusive notices or other methods for silencing speech or hampering competition. a third category of risks concerns the intentional and , oftentimes , coordinated manipulation of the platform’s service , with a foreseeable impact on health , civic discourse , electoral processes , public security and protection of minors , having regard to the need to safeguard public order , protect privacy and fight fraudulent and deceptive commercial practices. such risks may arise , for example , through the creation of fake accounts , the use of bots , and other automated or partially automated behaviours , which may lead to the rapid and widespread dissemination of information that is illegal content or incompatible with an online platform’s terms and conditions. ### (57) three categories of systemic risks should be assessed in-depth. a first category concerns the risks associated with the misuse of their service through the dissemination of illegal content , such as the dissemination of child sexual abuse material or illegal hate speech , and the conduct of illegal activities , such as the sale of products or services prohibited by union or national law , including counterfeit products. for example , and without prejudice to the personal responsibility of the recipient of the service of very large online platforms for possible illegality of his or her activity under the applicable law , such dissemination or activities may constitute a significant systematic risk where access to such content may be amplified through accounts with a particularly wide reach. a second category concerns the impact of the service on the exercise of fundamental rights , as protected by the charter of fundamental rights , including the freedom of expression and information , the right to private life , the right to non-discrimination , the right to gender equality and the rights of the child. such risks may arise , for example , in relation to the design of the algorithmic systems used by the very large online platform or the misuse of their service through the submission of abusive notices or other methods for silencing speech or hampering competition. a third category of risks concerns the intentional and , oftentimes , coordinated manipulation of the platform’s service , with a foreseeable impact on health , civic discourse , electoral processes , public security and protection of minors , having regard to the need to safeguard public order , protect privacy and fight fraudulent and deceptive commercial practices. such risks may arise , for example , through the creation of fake accounts , the use of bots , and other automated or partially automated behaviours , which may lead to the rapid and widespread dissemination of information that is illegal content or incompatible with an online platform’s terms and conditions.


### (59) very large online platforms should , where appropriate , conduct their risk assessments and design their risk mitigation measures with the involvement of representatives of the recipients of the service , representatives of groups potentially impacted by their services , independent experts and civil society organisations. ### (59) very large online platforms should , where appropriate , conduct their impact assessments and design their mitigation measures with the involvement of representatives of the recipients of the service , representatives of groups potentially impacted by their services , independent experts and civil society organisations.


### (62) a core part of a very large online platform’s business is the manner in which information is prioritised and presented on its online interface to facilitate and optimise access to information for the recipients of the service. this is done , for example , by algorithmically suggesting , ranking and prioritising information , distinguishing through text or other visual representations , or otherwise curating information provided by recipients. such recommender systems can have a significant impact on the ability of recipients to retrieve and interact with information online. they also play an important role in the amplification of certain messages , the viral dissemination of information and the stimulation of online behaviour. consequently , very large online platforms should ensure that recipients are appropriately informed , and can influence the information presented to them. they should clearly present the main parameters for such recommender systems in an easily comprehensible manner to ensure that the recipients understand how information is prioritised for them. they should also ensure that the recipients enjoy alternative options for the main parameters , including options that are not based on profiling of the recipient. ### (62) a core part of a very large online platform’s business is the manner in which information is prioritised and presented on its online interface to facilitate and optimise access to information for the recipients of the service. this is done , for example , by algorithmically suggesting , ranking and prioritising information , distinguishing through text or other visual representations , or otherwise curating information provided by recipients. such recommender systems can have a significant impact on the ability of recipients to retrieve and interact with information online. they also play an important role in the amplification of certain messages , the viral dissemination of information and the stimulation of online behaviour. consequently , very large online platforms should ensure that recipients are appropriately informed , and can influence the information presented to them. they should clearly present the main parameters for such recommender systems in an easily comprehensible manner to ensure that the recipients understand how information is prioritised for them. they should also ensure that the recipients enjoy alternative options for the main parameters , including options that are not based on profiling of the recipient. in addition , very large online platforms should offer the recipients of the service the choice of using recommender systems from third party providers , where available. such third parties should be offered access to the same operating system , hardware or software features that are available or used in the provision by the platform of its own recommender systems.


### (62) a core part of a very large online platform’s business is the manner in which information is prioritised and presented on its online interface to facilitate and optimise access to information for the recipients of the service. this is done , for example , by algorithmically suggesting , ranking and prioritising information , distinguishing through text or other visual representations , or otherwise curating information provided by recipients. such recommender systems can have a significant impact on the ability of recipients to retrieve and interact with information online. they also play an important role in the amplification of certain messages , the viral dissemination of information and the stimulation of online behaviour. consequently , very large online platforms should ensure that recipients are appropriately informed , and can influence the information presented to them. they should clearly present the main parameters for such recommender systems in an easily comprehensible manner to ensure that the recipients understand how information is prioritised for them. they should also ensure that the recipients enjoy alternative options for the main parameters , including options that are not based on profiling of the recipient. ### (62) a core part of a very large online platform’s business is the manner in which information is prioritised and presented on its online interface to facilitate and optimise access to information for the recipients of the service. this is done , for example , by algorithmically suggesting , ranking and prioritising information , distinguishing through text or other visual representations , or otherwise curating information provided by recipients. such recommender systems can have a significant impact on the ability of recipients to retrieve and interact with information online. they also play an important role in the amplification of certain messages , the viral dissemination of information and the stimulation of online behaviour. consequently , very large online platforms should ensure that recipients are appropriately informed , and can influence the information presented to them. they should clearly present the main parameters for such recommender systems in an easily comprehensible manner to ensure that the recipients understand how information is prioritised for them. they should also ensure that the recipients enjoy alternative options for the main parameters , including options that are not based on profiling of the recipient , and that those options are used by default.


### (68) it is appropriate that this regulation identify certain areas of consideration for such codes of conduct. in particular , risk mitigation measures concerning specific types of illegal content should be explored via self- and co-regulatory agreements. another area for consideration is the possible negative impacts of systemic risks on society and democracy , such as disinformation or manipulative and abusive activities. this includes coordinated operations aimed at amplifying information , including disinformation , such as the use of bots or fake accounts for the creation of fake or misleading information , sometimes with a purpose of obtaining economic gain , which are particularly harmful for vulnerable recipients of the service , such as children. in relation to such areas , adherence to and compliance with a given code of conduct by a very large online platform may be considered as an appropriate risk mitigating measure. the refusal without proper explanations by an online platform of the commission’s invitation to participate in the application of such a code of conduct could be taken into account , where relevant , when determining whether the online platform has infringed the obligations laid down by this regulation. ### deleted


### (68) it is appropriate that this regulation identify certain areas of consideration for such codes of conduct. in particular , risk mitigation measures concerning specific types of illegal content should be explored via self- and co-regulatory agreements. another area for consideration is the possible negative impacts of systemic risks on society and democracy , such as disinformation or manipulative and abusive activities. this includes coordinated operations aimed at amplifying information , including disinformation , such as the use of bots or fake accounts for the creation of fake or misleading information , sometimes with a purpose of obtaining economic gain , which are particularly harmful for vulnerable recipients of the service , such as children. in relation to such areas , adherence to and compliance with a given code of conduct by a very large online platform may be considered as an appropriate risk mitigating measure. the refusal without proper explanations by an online platform of the commission’s invitation to participate in the application of such a code of conduct could be taken into account , where relevant , when determining whether the online platform has infringed the obligations laid down by this regulation. ### (68) it is appropriate that this regulation identify certain areas of consideration for such codes of conduct. in particular , risk mitigation measures concerning specific types of illegal content may be explored via self- and co-regulatory agreements. another area for consideration is the possible negative impacts of systemic risks on society and democracy , such as disinformation or manipulative and abusive activities. this includes coordinated operations aimed at amplifying information , including disinformation , such as the use of bots for the creation of fake or misleading information , sometimes with a purpose of obtaining economic gain , which are particularly harmful for vulnerable recipients of the service , such as children.


### (71) in case of extraordinary circumstances affecting public security or public health , the commission may initiate the drawing up of crisis protocols to coordinate a rapid , collective and cross-border response in the online environment. extraordinary circumstances may entail any unforeseeable event , such as earthquakes , hurricanes , pandemics and other serious cross-border threats to public health , war and acts of terrorism , where , for example , online platforms may be misused for the rapid spread of illegal content or disinformation or where the need arises for rapid dissemination of reliable information. in light of the important role of very large online platforms in disseminating information in our societies and across borders , such platforms should be encouraged in drawing up and applying specific crisis protocols. such crisis protocols should be activated only for a limited period of time and the measures adopted should also be limited to what is strictly necessary to address the extraordinary circumstance. those measures should be consistent with this regulation , and should not amount to a general obligation for the participating very large online platforms to monitor the information which they transmit or store , nor actively to seek facts or circumstances indicating illegal content. ### (71) in case of extraordinary circumstances affecting public security or public health , the commission may initiate the drawing up of voluntary crisis protocols to coordinate a rapid , collective and cross-border response in the online environment. extraordinary circumstances may entail any unforeseeable event , such as earthquakes , hurricanes , pandemics and other serious cross-border threats to public health , war and acts of terrorism , where , for example , online platforms may be misused. in light of the important role of very large online platforms in disseminating information in our societies and across borders , such platforms may be encouraged in drawing up and applying specific crisis protocols. such crisis protocols should be activated only for a limited period of time and the measures adopted should also be limited to what is strictly necessary to address the extraordinary circumstance. those measures should be consistent with this regulation , and should not amount to a general obligation for the participating very large online platforms to monitor the information which they transmit or store , nor actively to seek facts or circumstances indicating illegal content. the commission should also ensure that measures are in place to ensure accessibility for persons with disabilities during the implementation of crisis protocols.


### (71) in case of extraordinary circumstances affecting public security or public health , the commission may initiate the drawing up of crisis protocols to coordinate a rapid , collective and cross-border response in the online environment. extraordinary circumstances may entail any unforeseeable event , such as earthquakes , hurricanes , pandemics and other serious cross-border threats to public health , war and acts of terrorism , where , for example , online platforms may be misused for the rapid spread of illegal content or disinformation or where the need arises for rapid dissemination of reliable information. in light of the important role of very large online platforms in disseminating information in our societies and across borders , such platforms should be encouraged in drawing up and applying specific crisis protocols. such crisis protocols should be activated only for a limited period of time and the measures adopted should also be limited to what is strictly necessary to address the extraordinary circumstance. those measures should be consistent with this regulation , and should not amount to a general obligation for the participating very large online platforms to monitor the information which they transmit or store , nor actively to seek facts or circumstances indicating illegal content. ### (71) in case of extraordinary circumstances affecting public security or public health , the commission may initiate the drawing up of crisis protocols to coordinate a rapid , collective and cross-border response in the online environment. extraordinary circumstances may entail any unforeseeable event , such as earthquakes , hurricanes , pandemics and other serious cross-border threats to public health , war and acts of terrorism , where , for example , online platforms may be misused for the rapid spread of illegal content or disinformation or where the need arises for rapid dissemination of reliable information. in light of the important role of very large online platforms in disseminating information in our societies and across borders , such platforms may be encouraged in drawing up and applying specific crisis protocols. such crisis protocols should be activated only for a limited period of time and the measures adopted should also be limited to what is strictly necessary to address the extraordinary circumstance. those measures should be consistent with this regulation , and should not amount to a general obligation for the participating very large online platforms to monitor the information which they transmit or store , nor actively to seek facts or circumstances indicating illegal content.


### (91) the board should bring together the representatives of the digital services coordinators and possible other competent authorities under the chairmanship of the commission , with a view to ensuring an assessment of matters submitted to it in a fully european dimension. in view of possible cross-cutting elements that may be of relevance for other regulatory frameworks at union level , the board should be allowed to cooperate with other union bodies , offices , agencies and advisory groups with responsibilities in fields such as equality , including equality between women and men , and non-discrimination , data protection , electronic communications , audiovisual services , detection and investigation of frauds against the eu budget as regards custom duties , or consumer protection , as necessary for the performance of its tasks. ### (91) the board should bring together the representatives of the digital services coordinators and possible other competent authorities under the chairmanship of the commission , with a view to ensuring an assessment of matters submitted to it in a fully european dimension. in view of possible cross-cutting elements that may be of relevance for other regulatory frameworks at union level , the board should be allowed to cooperate with other union bodies , offices , agencies and advisory groups with responsibilities in fields such as equality , including gender equality and non-discrimination , data protection , electronic communications , audiovisual services , detection and investigation of frauds against the eu budget as regards custom duties , or consumer protection , as necessary for the performance of its tasks.


### ‘advertisement’ means information designed to promote the message of a legal or natural person , irrespective of whether to achieve commercial or non-commercial purposes , and displayed by an online platform on its online interface against remuneration specifically for promoting that information; ### ‘advertisement’ means information designed to promote or rank information , products or services of a legal or natural person , irrespective of whether to achieve commercial or non-commercial purposes , and displayed by an online platform on its online interface against direct or indirect remuneration specifically for promoting that information , product or service;


### ‘recommender system’ means a fully or partially automated system used by an online platform to suggest in its online interface specific information to recipients of the service , including as a result of a search initiated by the recipient or otherwise determining the relative order or prominence of information displayed; ### ‘recommender system’ means a fully or partially automated system used by an online platform to suggest in its online interface specific information , products or services to recipients of the service , including as a result of a search initiated by the recipient or otherwise determining the relative order or prominence of information displayed;


### 3. paragraph 1 shall not apply with respect to liability under consumer protection law of online platforms allowing consumers to conclude distance contracts with traders , where such an online platform presents the specific item of information or otherwise enables the specific transaction at issue in a way that would lead an average and reasonably well-informed consumer to believe that the information , or the product or service that is the object of the transaction , is provided either by the online platform itself or by a recipient of the service who is acting under its authority or control. ### 3. paragraph 1 of this article shall not apply to providers of online marketplaces , where such an online marketplace presents the specific item of information , product or service or otherwise enables the specific transaction at issue in a way that would lead a consumer to believe that the information , or the product or service that is the object of the transaction , is provided either by the online platform itself or by a recipient of the service who is acting under its authority or control.


### 4. this article shall not affect the possibility for a court or administrative authority , in accordance with member states' legal systems , of requiring the service provider to terminate or prevent an infringement. ### 4. this article shall not affect the possibility for a court , in accordance with member states' legal systems , of requiring the service provider to terminate or prevent an infringement.


### 1. providers of intermediary services shall , upon the receipt of an order to act against a specific item of illegal content , issued by the relevant national judicial or administrative authorities , on the basis of the applicable union or national law , in conformity with union law , inform the authority issuing the order of the effect given to the orders , without undue delay , specifying the action taken and the moment when the action was taken. ### 1. providers of intermediary services shall , upon the receipt of an order to act against a specific item of illegal content , issued by the relevant national judicial authorities , on the basis of the applicable union or national law , in conformity with union law , inform the authority issuing the order of the effect given to the orders , without undue delay , specifying the action taken and the moment when the action was taken.


### — information about redress available to the provider of the service and to the recipient of the service who provided the content; ### — information about redress mechanisms available to the provider of the service and to the recipient of the service who provided the content;


### 1. providers of intermediary services shall , upon receipt of an order to provide a specific item of information about one or more specific individual recipients of the service , issued by the relevant national judicial or administrative authorities on the basis of the applicable union or national law , in conformity with union law , inform without undue delay the authority of issuing the order of its receipt and the effect given to the order. ### 1. providers of intermediary services shall , upon receipt via a secure communication channel of an order to provide a specific item of information about one or more specific suspect or suspects of a serious threat to public security , issued by the relevant national judicial authority on the basis of the applicable union or national law , in conformity with union law ,inform without undue delay the authority of issuing the order of its receipt and the effect given to the order.


### 2. member states shall ensure that orders referred to in paragraph 1 meet the following conditions: ### 2. member states shall ensure that orders referred to in paragraph 1 seek information about suspect or suspects of serious crime and meet the following conditions:


### — a statement of reasons explaining the objective for which the information is required and why the requirement to provide the information is necessary and proportionate to determine compliance by the recipients of the intermediary services with applicable union or national rules , unless such a statement cannot be provided for reasons related to the prevention , investigation , detection and prosecution of criminal offences; ### — a detailed statement of reasons explaining the legal basis and the objective for which the information is required and why the requirement to provide the information is necessary and proportionate to determine compliance by the recipients of the intermediary services with applicable union or national rules , taking due account of the impact of the measures on fundamental rights;


### 1. providers of intermediary services shall include information on any restrictions that they impose in relation to the use of their service in respect of information provided by the recipients of the service , in their terms and conditions. that information shall include information on any policies , procedures , measures and tools used for the purpose of content moderation , including algorithmic decision-making and human review. it shall be set out in clear and unambiguous language and shall be publicly available in an easily accessible format. ### 1. providers of intermediary services shall include information on any restrictions or modification that they impose in relation to the use of their service in respect of information provided by the recipients of the service , in their terms and conditions. that information shall include information on any policies , procedures , measures and tools used for the purpose of content moderation , including algorithmic decision-making and human review. it shall be set out in clear user-friendly and unambiguous language and shall be publicly available in an easily accessible and machine-readable format in the language in which the service is offered.


### 3. notices that include the elements referred to in paragraph 2 shall be considered to give rise to actual knowledge or awareness for the purposes of article 5 in respect of the specific item of information concerned. ### deleted


### 5. the provider shall also , without undue delay , notify that individual or entity of its decision in respect of the information to which the notice relates , providing information on the redress possibilities in respect of that decision. ### 5. the provider shall also , without undue delay , notify that individual or entity of its action in respect of the information to which the notice relates , providing information on the redress possibilities.


### 5. the provider shall also , without undue delay , notify that individual or entity of its decision in respect of the information to which the notice relates , providing information on the redress possibilities in respect of that decision. ### 5. the provider shall also , without undue delay , notify the submitting individual or entity as well as the information provider of its decision in respect of the information to which the notice relates , providing information on the redress possibilities in respect of that decision.


### 5. the provider shall also , without undue delay , notify that individual or entity of its decision in respect of the information to which the notice relates , providing information on the redress possibilities in respect of that decision. ### 5. the provider shall also , without undue delay , notify that submitting individual or entity and the information provider of its decision in respect of the information to which the notice relates , providing information on the redress possibilities in respect of that decision.


### 6. providers of hosting services shall process any notices that they receive under the mechanisms referred to in paragraph 1 , and take their decisions in respect of the information to which the notices relate , in a timely , diligent and objective manner. where they use automated means for that processing or decision-making , they shall include information on such use in the notification referred to in paragraph 4. ### 6. providers of hosting services shall process any notices that they receive under the mechanisms referred to in paragraph 1 , and take their decisions in respect of the information to which the notices relate , in a timely , diligent and non-arbitrary manner. where they use automated means for that processing , they shall include information on such use in the notification referred to in paragraph 4.


### 1. where a provider of hosting services decides to remove or disable access to specific items of information provided by the recipients of the service , irrespective of the means used for detecting , identifying or removing or disabling access to that information and of the reason for its decision , it shall inform the recipient , at the latest at the time of the removal or disabling of access , of the decision and provide a clear and specific statement of reasons for that decision. ### 1. where a provider of hosting services decides to remove or disable access to or restrict proposals by recommender systems of specific items of information provided by the recipients of the service , irrespective of the means used for removing or disabling access to or restricting proposals of that information , it shall inform the recipient , where he or she provided contact details , at the latest at the time of the removal or disabling of access or the restricting of proposals , of the decision and provide a clear and specific statement of reasons for that decision.


### exclusion for micro and small enterprises ### exclusion for small enterprises


### exclusion for micro and small enterprises ### exclusion for micro , small or medium sized enterprises


### this section shall not apply to online platforms that qualify as micro or small enterprises within the meaning of the annex to recommendation 2003/361/ec. ### this section shall not apply to online platforms that qualify as small enterprises within the meaning of the annex to recommendation 2003/361/ec.


### this section shall not apply to online platforms that qualify as micro or small enterprises within the meaning of the annex to recommendation 2003/361/ec. ### this section shall not apply to online platforms that qualify as micro , small or medium sized enterprises within the meaning of the annex to recommendation 2003/361/ec.


### decisions to remove or disable access to the information; ### decisions to remove demote , or disable access to or impose other sanctions against the information;


### decisions to remove or disable access to the information; ### decisions to remove or disable access to or restrict proposals by recommender systems of the information;


### decisions to remove or disable access to the information; ### decisions to remove , disable , demote , demonetise , restrict or in any other way modify access to the information or otherwise impose sanctions against it;


### 2. online platforms shall ensure that their internal complaint-handling systems are easy to access , user-friendly and enable and facilitate the submission of sufficiently precise and adequately substantiated complaints. ### 2. online platforms shall ensure that their internal complaint-handling systems are easy to access , including for persons with disabilities , user-friendly non-discriminatory and enable and facilitate the submission of sufficiently precise and adequately substantiated complaints. online platforms shall set out the rules of procedure of their internal complaint handling system in their terms and conditions in a clear , user-friendly and easily accessible manner , including for persons with disabilities.


### 3. online platforms shall handle complaints submitted through their internal complaint-handling system in a timely , diligent and objective manner. where a complaint contains sufficient grounds for the online platform to consider that the information to which the complaint relates is not illegal and is not incompatible with its terms and conditions , or contains information indicating that the complainant’s conduct does not warrant the suspension or termination of the service or the account , it shall reverse its decision referred to in paragraph 1 without undue delay. ### 3. online platforms shall handle complaints submitted through their internal complaint-handling system in a timely , diligent and non-discriminatory and non-arbitrary manner and within seven days starting on the date on which the online platform received the complaint. where a complaint contains sufficient grounds for the online platform to consider that the information to which the complaint relates is not illegal and is not incompatible with its terms and conditions , or contains information indicating that the complainant’s conduct does not warrant the suspension or termination of the service or the account , it shall reverse its decision referred to in paragraph 1 without undue delay.


### 3. online platforms shall handle complaints submitted through their internal complaint-handling system in a timely , diligent and objective manner. where a complaint contains sufficient grounds for the online platform to consider that the information to which the complaint relates is not illegal and is not incompatible with its terms and conditions , or contains information indicating that the complainant’s conduct does not warrant the suspension or termination of the service or the account , it shall reverse its decision referred to in paragraph 1 without undue delay. ### 3. online platforms shall handle complaints submitted through their internal complaint-handling system in a timely , diligent and non-arbitrary manner. where a complaint contains sufficient grounds for the online platform to consider that the information to which the complaint relates is not manifestly illegal and is not incompatible with its terms and conditions , or contains information indicating that the complainant’s conduct does not warrant the suspension or termination of the service or the account , it shall reverse its decision referred to in paragraph 1 without undue delay.


### 3. online platforms shall handle complaints submitted through their internal complaint-handling system in a timely , diligent and objective manner. where a complaint contains sufficient grounds for the online platform to consider that the information to which the complaint relates is not illegal and is not incompatible with its terms and conditions , or contains information indicating that the complainant’s conduct does not warrant the suspension or termination of the service or the account , it shall reverse its decision referred to in paragraph 1 without undue delay. ### 3. online platforms shall handle complaints submitted through their internal complaint-handling system in a timely , diligent and non-arbitrary manner. where a complaint contains sufficient grounds for the online platform to consider that the information to which the complaint relates is not illegal and is not incompatible with its terms and conditions , or contains information indicating that the complainant’s conduct does not warrant the suspension or termination of the service or the account , it shall reverse its decision referred to in paragraph 1 without undue delay. if the complaining entity wishes so , the online platform shall also publicly confirm the reversal of decision.


### 1. recipients of the service addressed by the decisions referred to in article 17(1) , shall be entitled to select any out-of-court dispute that has been certified in accordance with paragraph 2 in order to resolve disputes relating to those decisions , including complaints that could not be resolved by means of the internal complaint-handling system referred to in that article. online platforms shall engage , in good faith , with the body selected with a view to resolving the dispute and shall be bound by the decision taken by the body. ### 1. recipients of the service addressed by the decisions referred to in article 17(1) and qualified entities as defined in article 3 , point (4) of directive (eu) 2020/1828 shall be entitled to select any out-of-court dispute settlement body that has been certified in accordance with paragraph 2 in order to resolve disputes relating to those decisions , including complaints that could not be resolved by means of the internal complaint-handling system referred to in that article. online platforms shall engage , in good faith , with the body selected by the recipient with a view to resolving the dispute and shall be bound by the decision taken by the body.


### it is capable of settling dispute in a swift , efficient and cost-effective manner and in at least one official language of the union; ### it ensures the settling of a dispute in a swift , efficient and cost-effective manner and in at least one official language of the union or at the request of the recipient at least in english;


### 2. online platforms shall suspend , for a reasonable period of time and after having issued a prior warning , the processing of notices and complaints submitted through the notice and action mechanisms and internal complaints-handling systems referred to in articles 14 and 17 , respectively , by individuals or entities or by complainants that frequently submit notices or complaints that are manifestly unfounded. ### 2. online platforms shall suspend , for a reasonable period of time and after having issued a prior warning , the processing of notices and complaints submitted through the notice and action mechanisms , internal complaints-handling systems and out-of-court dispute settlement bodies referred to in articles 14 , 17 and 18 , respectively , by individuals or entities or by complainants that repeatedly submit notices or complaints or initiate dispute settlements that that are manifestly unfounded.


### traceability of traders ### traceability of traders , products and services


### the name , address , telephone number and electronic mail address of the trader; ### the name , address , telephone number and electronic mail address of the trader and , as required under union or member state law , of the authorised representative of the trader , where required.


### the name , address , telephone number and electronic mail address of the trader; ### the name , address provided that the trader is not self-employed or independent professional , and whose address is his or her private address , telephone number and electronic mail address of the trader;


### the bank account details of the trader , where the trader is a natural person; ### deleted


### 2. the online platform shall , upon receiving that information , make reasonable efforts to assess whether the information referred to in points (a) , (d) and (e) of paragraph 1 is reliable through the use of any freely accessible official online database or online interface made available by a member states or the union or through requests to the trader to provide supporting documents from reliable sources. ### 2. the online platform shall , upon receiving that information , and prior to allowing traders to use its services , make reasonable efforts to assess whether the information referred to in paragraph 1 is reliable through the use of any freely accessible official online database or online interface made available by a member states or the union or through requests to the trader to provide supporting documents from reliable sources.


### 2. the online platform shall , upon receiving that information , make reasonable efforts to assess whether the information referred to in points (a) , (d) and (e) of paragraph 1 is reliable through the use of any freely accessible official online database or online interface made available by a member states or the union or through requests to the trader to provide supporting documents from reliable sources. ### 2. very large online platforms shall , upon receiving that information , make reasonable efforts to assess whether the information referred to in points (a) , (d) and (e) of paragraph 1 is reliable through the use of any freely accessible official online database or online interface made available by a member states or the union or through requests to the trader to provide supporting documents from reliable sources.


### 3. where the online platform obtains indications that any item of information referred to in paragraph 1 obtained from the trader concerned is inaccurate or incomplete , that platform shall request the trader to correct the information in so far as necessary to ensure that all information is accurate and complete , without delay or within the time period set by union and national law. ### 3. where the online platform obtains indications that any item of information referred to in paragraph 1 obtained from the trader concerned is inaccurate or incomplete , that platform shall request the trader to correct the information in a swift manner so far as necessary to ensure that all information is accurate and complete , without delay or within the time period set by union and national law.


### 4. the online platform shall store the information obtained pursuant to paragraph 1 and 2 in a secure manner for the duration of their contractual relationship with the trader concerned. they shall subsequently delete the information. ### 4. the online platform shall store the information obtained pursuant to paragraph 1 and 2 in a secure manner for the duration of their contractual relationship with the trader concerned , including the period for redress. they shall subsequently delete the information.


### online advertising transparency ### online advertising rules


### that the information displayed is an advertisement; ### that the information displayed is an advertisement and whether the advertisement is a result of an automated mechanism , such as an ad exchange mechanism;


### meaningful information about the main parameters used to determine the recipient to whom the advertisement is displayed. ### meaningful information about the main parameters used to target and display the advertisement that would allow the consumer to determine why and how the advertisement in question was shown to the consumer.


### meaningful information about the main parameters used to determine the recipient to whom the advertisement is displayed. ### meaningful information about the parameters used to determine the recipient to whom the advertisement is displayed and how to change these parameters.


### 4. very large online platforms receiving an audit report that is not positive shall take due account of any operational recommendations addressed to them with a view to take the necessary measures to implement them. they shall , within one month from receiving those recommendations , adopt an audit implementation report setting out those measures. where they do not implement the operational recommendations , they shall justify in the audit implementation report the reasons for not doing so and set out any alternative measures they may have taken to address any instances of non-compliance identified. ### 4. very large online platforms receiving an audit report that is not positive shall take due account of any operational recommendations addressed to them. they shall , within one month from receiving those recommendations , adopt an audit implementation report. where they do not implement the operational recommendations , they shall justify in the audit implementation report the reasons for not doing so and set out any alternative measures they may have taken to address any instances of non-compliance identified.


### 1. very large online platforms that use recommender systems shall set out in their terms and conditions , in a clear , accessible and easily comprehensible manner , the main parameters used in their recommender systems , as well as any options for the recipients of the service to modify or influence those main parameters that they may have made available , including at least one option which is not based on profiling , within the meaning of article 4 (4) of regulation (eu) 2016/679. ### 1. very large online platforms that use recommender systems shall set out in their terms and conditions , in a clear , accessible and easily comprehensible manner , the main parameters used in their recommender systems , as well as any options for the recipients of the service to modify or influence those main parameters that they may have made available. online platforms shall ensure consumers are not profiled by default , unless consumers genuinely opt-in , in line with the requirements established under regulation (eu) 2016/679.


### 1. very large online platforms that use recommender systems shall set out in their terms and conditions , in a clear , accessible and easily comprehensible manner , the main parameters used in their recommender systems , as well as any options for the recipients of the service to modify or influence those main parameters that they may have made available , including at least one option which is not based on profiling , within the meaning of article 4 (4) of regulation (eu) 2016/679. ### 1. very large online platforms that use recommender systems shall set out in their terms and conditions , in a clear , accessible and easily comprehensible manner , meaningful information about the logic involved and the main parameters used in their recommender systems , as well as any options for the recipients of the service to modify or influence those main parameters that they may have made available , including at least one option which is not based on profiling , within the meaning of article 4 (4) of regulation (eu) 2016/679 and which is activated by default. basing recommender systems on profiling shall require the explicit consent of the recipient , as defined in article 4 , point (11) , of regulation (eu) 2016/679.


### 1. very large online platforms that use recommender systems shall set out in their terms and conditions , in a clear , accessible and easily comprehensible manner , the main parameters used in their recommender systems , as well as any options for the recipients of the service to modify or influence those main parameters that they may have made available , including at least one option which is not based on profiling , within the meaning of article 4 (4) of regulation (eu) 2016/679. ### 1. online platforms that use recommender systems shall set out in their terms and conditions , in a clear , accessible and easily comprehensible manner , the main parameters used in their recommender systems , as well as any options for the recipients of the service to modify or influence those main parameters that they may have made available. very large online platforms must include at least one option which is not based on profiling , within the meaning of article 4 (4) of regulation (eu) 2016/679 , as well as keep a log of all the significant changes implemented to the recommender system.


### 2. where several options are available pursuant to paragraph 1 , very large online platforms shall provide an easily accessible functionality on their online interface allowing the recipient of the service to select and to modify at any time their preferred option for each of the recommender systems that determines the relative order of information presented to them. ### 2. very large online platforms shall provide an easily accessible functionality on their online interface allowing the recipient of the service to select and to modify at any time their preferred option for each of the recommender systems that determines the relative order of information presented to them. however , the online platform shall not subvert or impair consumers’ autonomy , decision-making , or choice via the structure , function or manner of operation of their online interface or a part thereof


### 2. where several options are available pursuant to paragraph 1 , very large online platforms shall provide an easily accessible functionality on their online interface allowing the recipient of the service to select and to modify at any time their preferred option for each of the recommender systems that determines the relative order of information presented to them. ### 2. where several options are available pursuant to paragraph 1 , online platforms shall provide an easily accessible functionality on their online interface allowing the recipient of the service to select and to modify at any time their preferred option for each of the recommender systems that determines the relative order of information presented to them.


### 4. in order to be vetted , researchers shall be affiliated with academic institutions , be independent from commercial interests , have proven records of expertise in the fields related to the risks investigated or related research methodologies , and shall commit and be in a capacity to preserve the specific data security and confidentiality requirements corresponding to each request. ### deleted