### 9. declares that a distinction between the legal regimes concerning personal and non-personal data is essential , as not sharing any commercial datasets is often the only option for businesses due to the complexity of the existing rules and the great legal uncertainty as to whether personal data is sufficiently depersonalised; notes that this distinction may be difficult to draw in practice given the existence of mixed data , for which specific rules and approaches should be introduced; believes that models that focus on anonymisation , which requires a clear legal base and a list of criteria , and other technical ways of ensuring privacy must be encouraged , such as the shift from the sharing of data to the sharing of computation , application programming interfaces (apis) , synthetic data and data sandboxes; ### 9. declares that a distinction between personal and non-personal data is essential , as governed by the framework of gdpr and the e-privacy directive; warns of the potential for misuse where highly sensitive personal data such as the special categories of data under article 9 of the gdpr , or electronic communications content and metadata in the scope of the eprivacy directive , are concerned; stresses that in line with the gdpr principle of purpose limitation , the sharing of data shall be limited to non-personal , e.g. industrial or commercial data , or securely and effectively anonymized personal data , including in mixed data sets; believes that the commission should promote further research into anonymisation techniques and encourage their uptake. such techniques include shifting from the sharing of data to the sharing of computation , while ensuring no personal data , or data allowing for the reconstruction of personal information , are shared with the computation results , application programming interfaces (apis) to abstract the access to personal-data without sharing it , synthetic data that provide the characteristics of a complete data set without containing real personal data and data sandboxes that work on separate databases without containing real personal data;


### 10. emphasises the importance of clarifying the contractual rights of individuals and businesses who contribute to the creation of data using machines or other devices; ### 10. emphasises the importance of clarifying the contractual and other rights of individuals and businesses who contribute to the creation of data using machines or other devices , while taking due account of the ability of the free software community to legally use data and produce software for the general public , without automatically becoming subject to obligations designed for businesses producing and using data in a professional capacity ;


### 11. believes that the existing liability principles and technology-neutral liability rules are already fit for the digital economy and most emerging technologies; states that there are nevertheless some cases , such as those concerning operators of ai systems , where new liability rules are necessary to provide the affected persons with adequate compensation; ### 11. believes that the existing liability principles and technology-neutral liability rules are already fit for the digital economy and most emerging technologies; states that there are nevertheless some cases , such as those concerning operators of ai systems , as well as ai or non ai-caused damages based on deficiencies or inaccuracy of data sets , where new liability rules are necessary to provide the affected persons with adequate compensation;


### 12. stresses that the implementation of the european data strategy must strike a balance between promoting the wider use and sharing of data and protecting intellectual property rights (ipr) , privacy and trade secrets; ### 12. stresses that the implementation of the european data strategy must strike a balance between promoting the wider use and sharing of data and protecting intellectual property rights (ipr) , trade secrets , but also fundamental rights such as privacy;


### 13. is of the belief that the data-driven digital economy does not require major changes to the existing ipr framework and thus notes that the commission should carefully assess what legal adjustments are really necessary; welcomes , in this regard , the commission’s intention to revise the database directive and clarify the application of the trade secrets directive; ### 13. is of the belief that given the key importance of the data-driven digital economy worldwide , the existing eu ipr framework should not hamper innovation and thus notes that the commission should carefully assess what legal adjustments are necessary; reminds that according to the first evaluation of the database directive , the introduction of a new “sui generis right” has led to a decrease in the production of european produced databases; welcomes , in this regard , the commission’s intention to revise the database directive and clarify the application of the trade secrets directive;


### jurisdiction and procedural law ### jurisdiction , applicable law and procedural law


### 1. recalls that the creation and the use of artificial intelligence (ai) in the areas of culture , education and information policy raises and will continue to raise a wide range of ethical issues; ### 1. recalls that the development and the use of artificial intelligence (ai) in the areas of culture , education and information policy raises and will continue to raise a wide range of ethical issues;


### 1. declares that the development , deployment and use of artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies , including but not exclusively by human beings , should always respect human agency and oversight , as well as allow the retrieval of human control at any time; ### 1. declares that the development , deployment and use of artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies should always be ethically guided , and designed to allow for human agency , oversight , understanding and control at any time;


### 2. stresses the need to develop criteria for the use of ai in education , media and creative sectors , by developing benchmarks for ethically responsible and accepted uses of ai technologies in these areas; underlines that these criteria must be constantly adjusted to the progress in ai technologies; ### 2. stresses the need to develop criteria for the use of ai in education , media and creative sectors , by defining principles of ethically responsible and trustworthy uses of ai technologies in these areas; underlines that these criteria must be adaptable to the progress in ai technologies;


### 2. considers that the determination of whether artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies are to be considered high-risk as regards compliance with ethical principles should always follow from an impartial , regulated and external assessment; ### 2. considers that the determination of whether artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies are to be considered to bear a risk should always follow from an impartial , regulated and external assessment;


### a. whereas artificial intelligence (ai) is a strategic technology for the transport sector and is expected to benefit citizens and society , by improving the quality of life , creating new employment opportunities and more sustainable business models; ### a. whereas artificial intelligence (ai) is a strategic technology for the transport sector that needs to benefit all citizens and society , by improving the quality of life , creating new employment opportunities and more sustainable business models and needs to be designed to be widely affordable;


### a. whereas artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies with the potential to directly impact all aspects of our societies , including basic social and economic principles and values , are being developed very quickly; ### a. whereas so-called ‘artificial intelligence’ , or extended intelligence , robotics and related technologies are being developed quickly and can have the potential to directly impact all aspects of our societies positively , as well as negatively , depending on how they are applied , and who can benefit from access to them , including basic social and economic principles and values;


### b. whereas the artificial intelligence (ai) global leadership race , which will determine the source of ethical values and standards shaping the sector worldwide , is picking up the pace; ### b. whereas the artificial intelligence (ai) global leadership race , which will affect the source of ethical values and standards shaping the sector worldwide , is picking up the pace; whereas the integration of big data and ai technologies into public health systems and society must be accompanied by appropriate rules , standards and legislation that protect the fundamental rights of individuals and address new ethical challenges;


### b. whereas the union and its member states have a particular responsibility to make sure that these technologies contribute to the well-being and general interest of their citizens; ### b. whereas the union and its member states have a particular responsibility to make sure that these technologies contribute to the well-being and general interest of their citizens , and are advanced for the benefit of humanity;


### d. whereas parliament has carried out substantial research and adopted several positions on the legal and ethical questions relating to these technologies; ### deleted


### 2. stresses that the eu transport sector needs a clear framework for achieving trustworthy ai , including safety and liability aspects , which will be key to boosting investments in research and innovation , development of skills and the uptake of ai by smes , start-ups and businesses; and in this regard: ### 2. stresses that the eu transport sector needs a clear framework for achieving trustworthy ai , including safety , security and liability aspects , which will be key to boosting investments in research and innovation , development of skills and the uptake of ai by public services , smes , start-ups and businesses and at the same time ensuring data protection as well as interoperability; and in this regard:


### 3. considers the development of trustworthy , ethically responsible and technically robust ai an important enabler for sustainable and smart mobility; in this regard , calls on the commission to promote uptake of ai in the transport sector and to propose , if necessary in order to uphold eu fundamental rights , corresponding changes to eu legislation without delay and in close cooperation with the transport sector; ### 3. considers the development of trustworthy , ethically responsible and technically robust ai an important enabler for sustainable , safe , accessible and smart mobility; in this regard , calls on the commission to continue promoting the uptake of ai in the transport sector , to ensure that eu fundamental rights are upheld and to propose corresponding changes to eu legislation without delay and in close cooperation with all stakeholders in the transport sector;


### 3. notices that ai personalised learning systems are increasingly being deployed in schools and universities , which is changing the role of teachers in the learning process to one more of facilitation; stresses that this shift should be reflected in curricula; ### 3. notices that technology and ai-driven learning systems are increasingly being deployed in schools and universities; emphasises that education should empower citizens to develop new forms of thinking , including ai literacy and algorithm awareness and the ability to evaluate the impact of ai on information , knowledge , and decision-making; stresses that this should be reflected in educational curricula;


### 3. maintains that artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies , including the software , algorithms and data used or produced by such technologies should be developed in a secure , technically rigorous manner and in good faith; ### 3. maintains that artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies , including the software , algorithms and data used or produced by such technologies should be developed in a secure , traceable , technically rigorous , ethically and legally binding manner and in good faith; considers especially that all players throughout the development and supply chains of artificial intelligence products and services should be legally accountable for the ethical aspects laid out in this regulation;


### 4. recommends the development of an eu-wide trustworthy ai label for the automotive industry , which should provide for common and harmonised standards on safety , technical robustness , privacy and transparency and for testing of ai-enabled vehicles and related products and services; ### 4. recommends the development of eu-wide trustworthy ai standards for the automotive industry , which should provide for common and harmonised standards on safety , interoperability , technical robustness - including concerns of resource efficient use , reparability and recyclability , privacy and transparency and for testing of ai-enabled vehicles and related products and services;


### 4. acknowledges the great potential of ai in the areas of information and media; underlines that , if not regulated , it might have also ethically adverse effects by spreading fake news , creating information bubbles and exploiting biases incorporated into ai algorithms; ### 4. acknowledges the great potential of ai in the areas of information and media; underlines that , if not regulated , it might have also ethically adverse effects by generating and spreading fake news , creating information bubbles and exploiting biases incorporated into ai algorithms;


### 4. underlines that explainability is essential to ensuring that citizens trust these technologies , even if the degree of explainability is relative to the complexity of the technologies , and that it should be complemented by auditability and traceability; ### 4. underlines that explainability , interpretability , auditability , traceability , and transparency , as well as access to technology , data and computing systems underlying such technologies contribute to citizens’ trust in technology , even if the degree of explainability may be relative to the complexity of the technologies;


### 5. calls on the commission to explore the possibility of entrusting a relevant existing eu agency with enforcement and sanction mechanisms , so that actions can be taken if an ai system used in transport violates fundamental rights or the european ethical and security framework; ### 5. calls on the commission to explore the possibility of establishing a eu body , made up of the various member state regulators to ensure oversight on european level in order to enable commission to take action if an ai system used in transport violates fundamental rights or the european ethical and security framework;


### 5. emphasises that education should empower citizens to develop new forms of critical thinking , including ‘algorithm awareness’ and the ability to reflect on the impact of ai on information , knowledge , and decision-making; ### deleted


### 5. recalls that the development , deployment and use of artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies , including the software , algorithms and data used or produced by such technologies , should respect human dignity and ensure equal treatment for all; ### 5. recalls that the development , deployment and use of artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies , including the software , algorithms and data used or produced by them , should respect union law , as well as human rights and dignity , autonomy and self-determination of the individual , and ensure equal treatment and non-discrimination for all;


### 6. calls on the commission to further support the development of trustworthy ai systems in order to render transport more efficient , accessible , affordable and inclusive , including for persons with reduced mobility. ### 6. calls on the commission to further support the development of trustworthy ai systems in order to render transport more efficient , accessible , affordable and inclusive , including for persons with reduced mobility and other disabilities , taking particular account of directive (eu) 2019/882 on the accessibility requirements for products and services and of european legislation on passenger rights.


### 6. emphasises the importance for transparency and accountability of algorithms used by media streaming companies , in order to ensure access to culturally and linguistically diverse content; stresses that such algorithms should be designed in such a way that they do not privilege specific works by limiting their ‘personalised’ suggestions to the most popular works; ### 6. emphasises the importance for transparency and accountability of algorithms used by video-on-demand and television broadcasting services , in order to ensure access to culturally and linguistically diverse content;


### 6. affirms that possible bias in and discrimination by software , algorithms and data should be addressed by setting rules for the processes through which they are designed and used , as this approach would have the potential to turn software , algorithms and data into a considerable counterbalance to bias and discrimination , and a positive force for social change; ### 6. affirms that possible bias in and discrimination by software , algorithms and data can cause manifest harm to individuals and to society , therefore they should be addressed by encouraging the development and sharing of strategies to counter these , such as de-biasing datasets in research and development , and by the development of rules for the processes through which they are designed and used; considers this approach to have the potential to turn software , algorithms and data into an asset in combating bias and discrimination , and a force for positive social change;


### 7. notes that the use of ai technologies is increasingly raising questions of fair competition in sport; stresses that this area needs a regulatory framework. ### 7. notes that the use of ai technologies is increasingly raising questions of fair competition in sport;


### 7. emphasises that socially responsible artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies should safeguard and promote fundamental values of our society such as democracy , diverse and independent media and objective and freely available information , health and economic prosperity , equality of opportunity , workers’ and social rights , quality education , cultural and linguistic diversity , gender balance , digital literacy , innovation and creativity; ### 7. emphasises that socially responsible artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies should safeguard social equality , labour rights and prosperity as well as fundamental rights and values;


### (25) socially responsible artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies , including the software , algorithms and data used or produced by such technologies , can be defined as technologies which both safeguard and promote a number of different aspects of society , most notably democracy , health and economic prosperity , equality of opportunity , workers’ and social rights , diverse and independent media and objective and freely available information , allowing for public debate , quality education , cultural and linguistic diversity , gender balance , digital literacy , innovation and creativity. they are also those that are developed , deployed and used having due regard for their ultimate impact on the physical and mental well-being of citizens. ### (25) socially responsible artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies , including the software , algorithms and data produced or destined to be used by such technologies , can be defined as technologies which both safeguard and promote a number of different aspects of society , most notably democracy , health and economic prosperity , equality of opportunity , workers’ and social rights , diverse and independent media and objective and freely available information , allowing for public debate , quality education , cultural and linguistic diversity , gender balance , digital literacy , innovation and creativity. they are also those that are developed , deployed and used having due regard for their ultimate impact on the physical and mental well-being of citizens.


### (26) these technologies should also be developed , deployed and used with a view to supporting social inclusion , plurality , solidarity , fairness , equality and cooperation and their potential in that context should be maximized and explored through research and innovation projects. the union and its member states should therefore mobilise their resources for the purpose of supporting and investing in such projects. ### (26) the union and its member states should mobilise their resources for the purpose of supporting and investing in such projects.


### (27) projects relating to the potential of artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies to deal with the question of social well-being should be carried out on the basis of responsible research and innovation tools so as to guarantee the compliance with ethical principles of those projects from the outset. ### deleted


### (28) the development , deployment and use of artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies , including the software , algorithms and data used or produced by such technologies , should take into consideration their environmental footprint and should not cause harm to the environment during their lifecycle and across their entire supply chain. accordingly , such technologies should be developed , deployed and used in an environmentally friendly manner that supports the achievement of climate neutrality and circular economy goals. ### (28) the development , deployment and use of artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies , including the software , algorithms and data produced or destined to be used by such technologies , should take into consideration their environmental footprint and should not cause harm to the environment during their lifecycle and across their entire supply chain. accordingly , such technologies should be developed , deployed and used in a manner that preserves the environment , minimises and remedies their environmental footprint and contributes to the green transition , support the achievement of climate neutrality and circular economy goals.


### (31) these technologies should also be developed , deployed and used with a view to supporting the achievement of environmental goals such as reducing waste production , diminishing the carbon footprint , preventing climate change and avoiding environmental degradation , and their potential in that context should be maximized and explored through research and innovation projects. the union and the member states should therefore mobilise their resources for the purpose of supporting and investing in such projects. ### (31) these technologies should also be developed , deployed and used with a view to supporting the achievement of environmental goals such as ending waste production , diminishing the carbon footprint , remedying climate change and preserving the environment , and their potential in that context should be maximized and explored through research and innovation projects. the union and the member states should therefore mobilise their resources for the purpose of supporting and investing in such projects.


### (33) any artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies , including software , algorithms and data used or produced by such technologies , developed , deployed and used in the union should fully respect union citizens’ rights to privacy and protection of personal data. in particular , their development , deployment and use should be in accordance with regulation (eu) 2016/679 of the european parliament and of the council1 and directive 2002/58/ec of the european parliament and of the council2 . ### (33) any artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies , including software , algorithms and data produced or destined to be used by such technologies , developed , deployed and used in the union should fully respect union citizens’ rights to privacy and protection of personal data. in particular , their development , deployment and use should be in accordance with regulation (eu) 2016/679 of the european parliament and of the council1 and directive 2002/58/ec of the european parliament and of the council2 .


### (34) the ethical boundaries of the use of artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies , including software , algorithms and data used or produced by such technologies , should be duly considered when using remote recognition technologies , such as biometric recognition , to automatically identify individuals. when these technologies are used by public authorities during times of national emergency , such as during a national health crisis , the use should be proportionate and criteria for that use defined in order to be able to determine whether , when and how it should take place , and such use should be mindful of its psychological and sociocultural impact with due regard for human dignity and the fundamental rights set out in the charter. ### (34) the ethical boundaries of the use of artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies , including software , algorithms and data used or produced by such technologies , should be duly considered when using remote recognition technologies , such as recognition of biometric features , notably facial recognition , to automatically identify individuals. when these technologies are used by public authorities , the use should always be voluntary , proportionate , targeted and limited to specific objectives , restricted in time and carried out in accordance with union law , with due regard to human rights and dignity , autonomy and self-determination of the individual , and the fundamental rights set out in the charter. criteria for and limits to that use should be subjected to judicial review and submitted to democratic scrutiny and debate involving civil society , in order to determine whether , when and how it should take place , and such use should be mindful of its psychological and sociocultural impact.


### (36) among the existing relevant governance standards are , for example , the ‘ethics guidelines for trustworthy ai’ drafted by the high-level expert group on artificial intelligence set up by the european commission , and other technical standards adopted by the european committee for standardization (cen) , the european committee for electrotechnical standardization (cenelec) , and the european telecommunications standards institute (etsi) , at european level , the international organization for standardization (iso) and the institute of electrical and electronics engineers (ieee) , at international level. ### (36) among the existing relevant governance standards are , for example , the ‘ethics guidelines for trustworthy ai’ drafted by the high-level expert group on artificial intelligence set up by the european commission , and technical standards such as those adopted by the european committee for standardization (cen) , the european committee for electrotechnical standardization (cenelec) , and the european telecommunications standards institute (etsi) , at european level , the international organization for standardization (iso) and the institute of electrical and electronics engineers (ieee) , at international level.


### (37) sharing and use of data by multiple participants is sensitive and therefore the development , deployment and use of artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies should be governed by relevant standards and protocols reflecting the requirements of quality , integrity , security , privacy and control. the data governance strategy should focus on the processing , sharing of and access to such data , including its proper management and traceability , and guarantee the adequate protection of data belonging to vulnerable groups , including people with disabilities , patients , children , minorities and migrants. ### (37) sharing and use of data by multiple participants is sensitive and therefore the development , deployment and use of artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies should be governed by relevant standards and protocols reflecting the requirements of quality , integrity , security , privacy and control. the data governance strategy should focus on the processing , sharing of and access to such data , including its proper management , auditability and traceability , and guarantee the adequate protection of data belonging to vulnerable groups , including people with disabilities , patients , children , minorities and migrants.


### (38) the effective application of the ethical principles laid down in this regulation will largely depend on member states’ appointment of an independent public authority to act as a supervisory authority. in particular , each national supervisory authority should be responsible for assessing and monitoring the compliance of artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies considered a high-risk in light of the obligations set out in this regulation. ### (38) the effective application of the ethical principles laid down in this regulation will largely depend on member states’ appointment of an independent public authority , or an authority with a public purpose to act as a supervisory authority. in particular , each competent supervisory authority should be responsible for assessing and monitoring the compliance of artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies considered a high-risk in light of the obligations set out in this regulation.


### (39) each national supervisory authority shall also carry the responsibility of regulating the governance of these technologies. they therefore have an important role to play in promoting the trust and safety of union citizens , as well as in enabling a democratic , pluralistic and equitable society. ### (39) each competent supervisory authority shall also carry the responsibility of regulating the governance of these technologies. they therefore have an important role to play in promoting the trust and safety of union citizens , as well as in enabling a democratic , pluralistic and equitable society.


### (40) national supervisory authorities should engage in substantial and regular cooperation with each other , as well as with the european commission and other relevant institutions , bodies , offices and agencies of the union , in order to guarantee a coherent cross-border action , and allow for consistent development , deployment and use of these technologies within the union in compliance with the ethical principles laid down in this regulation. ### (40) competent supervisory authorities should engage in substantial and regular cooperation with each other , as well as with the european commission and other relevant institutions , bodies , offices and agencies of the union , in order to guarantee a coherent cross-border action , and allow for consistent development , deployment and use of these technologies within the union in compliance with the ethical principles laid down in this regulation.


### (41) national supervisory authorities should ensure the gathering of a maximum number of stakeholders such as industry , businesses , social partners , researchers , consumers and civil society organisations , and provide a pluralistic forum for reflection and exchange of views so as to achieve comprehensible and accurate conclusions for the purpose of guiding how governance is regulated. ### (41) competent supervisory authorities should ensure the gathering of a maximum number of stakeholders such as industry , businesses , social partners , researchers , consumers and civil society organisations , and provide a pluralistic forum for reflection and exchange of views , to facilitate cooperation and collaboration between stakeholders , in particular from academia , research , industry , civil society and individual experts , so as to achieve comprehensible and accurate conclusions for the purpose of guiding how governance is regulated.


### (42) additionally , these national supervisory authorities should provide professional administrative guidance and support to developers , deployers and users , particularly small and medium-sized enterprises or start-ups , encountering challenges as regards complying with the principles laid down in this regulation. ### (42) additionally , these competent supervisory authorities should provide professional administrative guidance and support to developers , deployers and users , particularly small and medium-sized enterprises or start-ups , encountering challenges as regards complying with the principles laid down in this regulation.


### (46) action at union level as set out in this regulation would be best achieved through the establishment of a european agency for artificial intelligence. such a body would be essential in coordinating the mandates and actions of the national supervisory authorities in each member state , outlining objective criteria for the risk assessment of artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies , developing and issuing a certification of compliance with the ethical principles laid down in this regulation , supporting regular exchanges with concerned stakeholders and civil society , promoting the union’s approach through international cooperation and ensuring a consistent reply worldwide to the opportunities and risks inherent in these technologies. ### (46) action at union level as set out in this regulation would be best achieved through the establishment of a european agency for artificial intelligence. such a body would be essential in coordinating the mandates and actions of the competent supervisory authorities in member states , outlining objective criteria for the risk assessment of artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies , developing and issuing a certification of compliance with the ethical principles laid down in this regulation , supporting regular exchanges with concerned stakeholders and civil society , creating a centre of expertise , bringing together academia , research , industry , and individual experts at union level to foster exchange of knowledge and technical expertise , and promoting the union’s approach through international cooperation and ensuring a consistent reply worldwide to the opportunities and risks inherent in these technologies.


### this regulation applies to artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies , including software , algorithms and data used or produced by such technologies , developed , deployed or used in the union. ### this regulation applies to artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies , including software , algorithms and data produced or destined to be used by such technologies , developed , deployed or used in the union.


### ‘artificial intelligence’ means software systems that , inter alia , collect , process and interpret structured or unstructured data , identify patterns and establish models in order to reach conclusions or take actions in the physical or virtual dimension based on such conclusions; ### ‘artificial intelligence’ means systems that display intelligent behaviour by , inter alia , collecting , processing , analysing , and interpreting their environment and taking actions , with some degree of autonomy , to achieve specific goals1a;


### ‘robotics’ means technologies that enable machines to perform tasks traditionally performed by human beings including by way of artificial intelligence or related technologies; ### ‘robotics’ means automatically controlled , reprogrammable , multi-purpose machines1a to perform actions in the physical world including by way of artificial intelligence or related technologies;


### ‘related technologies’ means technologies that enable software to control with a partial or full degree of autonomy a physical or virtual process , technologies capable of detecting the identity of persons or specific features of persons by way of their biometric data , and technologies that copy or otherwise make use of human traits; ### deleted


### ‘software’ means a set of instructions that are expressed in code and necessary for a computer to operate and to execute tasks; ### deleted


### ‘algorithms’ means a model for calculations or other problem-solving operations carried out by software when executing a task; ### deleted


### ‘data’ means information defined as and stored in code; ### deleted


### ‘development’ means the construction and design of algorithms , the writing and design of software or the collection , storing and management of data for the purpose of creating or training artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies or for the purpose of creating a new application for existing artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies; ### deleted


### ‘developer’ means any natural or legal person who takes decisions that determine and control the course or manner of the development of artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies; ### deleted


### ‘deployment’ means the operation and management of artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies , as well as their placement on the market or otherwise making them available to users; ### deleted


### ‘deployer’ means any natural or legal person who is involved in the deployment of artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies , and has an operating or managing function; ### deleted


### ‘use’ means any action relating to artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies other than development or deployment; ### deleted


### ‘user’ means any natural or legal person who uses artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies other than for the purposes of development or deployment; ### deleted


### ‘bias’ means any prejudiced or partial personal or social perception of a person or group of persons on the basis of their personal traits; ### deleted


### ‘discrimination’ means any differential treatment of a person or group of persons based on a ground which has no objective or reasonable justification and is therefore prohibited by union law; ### deleted


### ‘injury or harm’ means physical , emotional or mental injury , bias , discrimination or stigmatization , suffering caused by a lack of inclusivity and diversity , financial or economic loss , loss of employment or educational opportunity , undue restriction of freedom of choice , wrongful conviction , environmental harm and any infringement of union law that is detrimental to a person; ### deleted


### ‘governance’ means the manner of ensuring that the highest standards and the appropriate protocols of behaviour are adopted and observed by developers , deployers and users , based on a formal set of rules , procedures and values , and which allows them to deal appropriately with ethical matters as or before they arise. ### deleted


### 1. any artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies , including software , algorithms and data used or produced by such technologies , shall be developed , deployed and used in the union in accordance with the ethical principles laid down in this regulation. ### 1. any artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies , including software , algorithms and data used or produced by such technologies , shall be developed , deployed and used in the union in accordance with union law and fundamental rights , and the ethical principles laid down in this regulation.


### 2. the technologies listed in paragraph 1 shall be developed , deployed and used in a manner that guarantees full human oversight at any time , in particular where that development , deployment or use entails a risk of breaching the ethical principles set out in this regulation. ### 2. the technologies listed in paragraph 1 shall be developed , deployed and used in a manner that guarantees full human oversight at any time , in particular where that development , deployment or use entails a risk of breaching union law or the ethical principles set out in this regulation.


### 3. the technologies listed in paragraph 1 shall be developed , deployed and used in a manner that allows human control to be regained at any time , including through the altering or halting of those technologies , when that development , deployment or use entails a risk of breaching the ethical principles set out in this regulation. ### 3. the technologies listed in paragraph 1 shall be developed , deployed and used in a manner that allows human control to be regained at any time , including through the altering or halting of those technologies , when that development , deployment or use entails a risk of breaching union law or the ethical principles set out in this regulation.


### 1. for the purposes of this regulation , artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies , including software , algorithms and data used or produced by such technologies , which entail a significant risk of breaching the ethical principles set out in this regulation shall be considered high-risk technologies. ### 1. for the purposes of this regulation , artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies , including software , algorithms and data used or produced by such technologies , which entail a significant risk of breaching union law , fundamental rights , and the ethical principles set out in this regulation shall be considered high-risk technologies.


### 2. where artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies are considered high-risk technologies , an assessment of compliance of those technologies with the obligations set out in this regulation shall be carried out and monitored by the national supervisory authorities referred to in article 14. ### 2. where artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies are considered high-risk technologies , an assessment of compliance of those technologies with the obligations set out in this regulation shall be carried out and monitored by the competent supervisory authorities referred to in article 14 or the european agency for artificial intelligence.


### developed , deployed and used in a consistent manner so that they do not pursue aims or do not carry out activities other than those for which they have been conceived; ### deleted


### developed , deployed and used in a manner that ensures that there is trust that the performance is reliable as regards reaching the aims and carrying out the activities they have been conceived for , including by ensuring that all operations are reproducible; ### developed , deployed and used in a manner that ensures that there is trust that the technology works as expected by its user and performance is reliable as regards reaching the aims and carrying out the activities they have been conceived for , including by ensuring that all operations are reproducible;


### developed , deployed and used in a manner that ensures that the performance of the aims and activities of the particular technologies is accurate; if occasional inaccuracies cannot be avoided , the system shall indicate the likeliness of errors and inaccuracies to deployers and users through an appropriate disclaimer message; ### developed , deployed and used in a manner that ensures that the performance of the aims and activities of the particular technologies is accurate; if occasional inaccuracies cannot be avoided , the system shall indicate the likeliness of errors and inaccuracies to deployers and users appropriately;


### developed , deployed and used in an easily explainable manner so as to ensure that there can be a review of the technical processes of the technologies; ### developed , deployed and used in an easily explainable , auditable , traceable , and transparent manner so as to ensure that there can be a review of the technical processes of the technologies;


### in accordance with article 6(3) , developed , deployed and used in a manner that makes it possible , in the event of non-compliance with the safety features set out in subparagraphs (a) to (g) , for the technologies concerned to be temporarily disabled and to revert to historical functionalities. ### in accordance with article 6(3) , developed , deployed and used in a manner that makes it possible , in the event of non-compliance with the safety features set out in subparagraphs (a) to (g) , for the technologies concerned to be temporarily disabled and to revert to a previous state , identified as restoring safe functionalities.


### 2. in accordance with article 6(2) , the technologies mentioned in paragraph 1 shall be developed , deployed and used in transparent and traceable manner so that their elements , processes and phases are documented to the highest standards , and that it is possible for the national supervisory authorities referred to in article 14 to assess the compliance of such technologies with the obligations set out in this regulation. in particular , the developer , deployer or user of those technologies shall be responsible for , and be able to demonstrate , compliance with the safety features set out in paragraph 1. ### 2. in accordance with article 6(2) , the technologies mentioned in paragraph 1 shall be developed , deployed and used in transparent and traceable manner so that their elements , processes and phases are documented to the highest standards , and that it is possible for the competent supervisory authorities referred to in article 14 to assess the compliance of such technologies with the obligations set out in this regulation. in particular , the developer , deployer or user of those technologies shall be responsible for , and be able to demonstrate , compliance with the safety features set out in paragraph 1.


### 3. the developer , deployer or user of the technologies mentioned in paragraph 1 shall ensure that the measures taken to ensure compliance with the safety features set out in paragraph 1 can be audited by the national supervisory authorities referred to in article 14. ### 3. the developer , deployer or user of the technologies mentioned in paragraph 1 shall ensure that the measures taken to ensure compliance with the features set out in paragraph 1 can be audited by the competent supervisory authorities referred to in article 14 and other supervisory bodies.


### 4. users shall be presumed to have complied with the obligations set out in this article where their use of artificial , robotics and related technologies , including software , algorithms and data used or produced by such technologies , is carried out in good faith and in no way contravenes the ethical principles laid down in this regulation. ### deleted


### 1. any software , algorithm or data used or produced by artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies developed , deployed or used in the union shall be such as to ensure respect for human dignity and equal treatment for all. ### 1. any software , algorithm or data used or produced by artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies developed , deployed or used in the union shall be such as to ensure respect for human rights and dignity and equal treatment for all.


### 2. any software , algorithm or data used or produced by artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies developed , deployed or used in the union shall be unbiased and , without prejudice to paragraph 3 , shall not discriminate on grounds such as race , gender , sexual orientation , pregnancy , disability , physical or genetic features , age , national minority , ethnic or social origin , language , religion or belief , political views or civic participation , citizenship , civil or economic status , education , or criminal record. ### 2. any software , algorithm or data used or produced by artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies developed , deployed or used in the union shall be unbiased and shall not discriminate on grounds such as perceived ethnicity , gender , sexual orientation , pregnancy , disability , physical or genetic features , age , national minority , ethnic or social origin , language , religion or belief , political views or civic participation , citizenship , civil or economic status , education , or criminal record.


### developed , deployed and used in a manner that contributes to the narrowing of the digital divide among regions , age groups and social classes , the promotion of digital literacy and skills , innovation and creativity , while respecting intellectual property rights; ### developed , deployed and used in a manner that contributes to the narrowing of the digital divide among regions , age groups and social classes , the promotion of digital literacy and skills , innovation and creativity , while respecting intellectual property rights and limitations and exceptions thereto;


### 4. the social effects of the ubiquitous presence of artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies , including software , algorithms and data used or produced by such technologies , developed , deployed or used in the union shall be monitored by the national supervisory authorities referred to in article 14 , in order to avoid disruptive effects on social agency and social relationships , as well as the deterioration of social skills. ### 4. the social effects of the ubiquitous presence of artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies , including software , algorithms and data used or produced by such technologies , developed , deployed or used in the union shall be monitored by the competent supervisory authorities referred to in article 14 and other supervisory bodies , in order to avoid disruptive effects on social agency and social relationships , as well as the deterioration of social skills.


### 1. any artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies , including software , algorithms and data used or produced by such technologies , shall be developed , deployed or used in the union in compliance with union law , principles and values , in a manner that ensures optimal environmentally friendly outcomes and minimises their environmental footprint during their lifecycle and through their entire supply chain , in order to support the achievement of climate neutrality and circular economy goals. ### 1. any artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies , including software , algorithms and data used or produced by such technologies , shall be developed , deployed or used in the union in compliance with union law , principles and values , in a manner that preserves the environment , minimises and remedies their environmental footprint during their lifecycle and through their entire supply chain , in order to contribute to the green transition , support the achievement of climate neutrality and circular economy goals.


### 2. the union and its member states shall encourage and promote research projects intended to provide solutions , based on artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies , seeking to address environmental issues such as waste production , the carbon footprint , climate change and environmental degradation. ### 2. the union and its member states shall encourage and promote research projects intended to provide solutions , based on artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies , seeking to remedy environmental issues such as waste production , the carbon footprint , climate change and environmental degradation.


### 3. any artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies , including software , algorithms and data used or produced by such technologies , shall be assessed as to their environmental friendliness and sustainability by the national supervisory authorities , referred to in article 14 , ensuring that measures are put in place to mitigate their general impact as regards natural resources , energy consumption , waste production , the carbon footprint , climate change and environmental degradation. ### 3. any artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies , including software , algorithms and data used or produced by such technologies , shall be assessed as to their environmental friendliness and sustainability by the competent supervisory authorities , referred to in article 14 and other supervisory bodies , ensuring that measures are put in place to mitigate their general impact as regards natural resources , energy consumption , waste production , the carbon footprint , climate emergency and environmental degradation.


### privacy and biometric recognition ### privacy


### 2. in accordance with article 5(2) , where remote recognition technologies , such as biometric recognition , are deployed or used by member states’ public authorities for the purpose of responding to a national emergency , those authorities shall ensure that such deployment or use is limited to specific objectives , restricted in time and carried out with due regard for human dignity and the fundamental rights set out in the charter. ### 2. in accordance with article 5(2) , where remote recognition technologies , such as biometric recognition , are deployed or used by member states’ public authorities , they shall ensure that such deployment or use is voluntary , proportionate , targeted and limited to specific objectives , restricted in time and carried out in accordance with union law , with due regard for human rights and dignity , autonomy and self-determination of the individual and the fundamental rights set out in the charter. criteria for and limits to their use should be subjected to judicial review and submitted to democratic scrutiny and debate involving civil society , in order to determine whether , when and how it should take place , and such use should be mindful of its psychological and sociocultural impact.


### 1. artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies developed , deployed or used in the union shall comply with relevant governance standards established by the national supervisory authorities referred to in article 14 in accordance with union law , principles and values. ### 1. artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies developed , deployed or used in the union shall comply with relevant governance standards established by the competent supervisory authorities referred to in article 14 and further supervisory bodies , in accordance with union law , principles and values.


### 2. data used or produced by artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies developed , deployed or used in the union shall be managed by developers , deployers and users in accordance with relevant standards referred to in paragraph 1 , as well as with relevant industry and business protocols. in particular , developers and deployers shall carry out , where feasible , quality checks of the external sources of data used by artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies , and shall put oversight mechanisms in place regarding their collection , storage , processing and use. ### 2. data produced or destined to be used by artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies developed , deployed or used in the union shall be managed by developers , deployers and users in accordance with relevant standards referred to in paragraph 1 , as well as with relevant industry and business protocols. in particular , developers and deployers shall carry out , where feasible , quality checks of the external sources of data used by artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies , and shall put oversight mechanisms in place regarding their collection , storage , processing and use.


### 1. each member state shall designate an independent public authority to be responsible for monitoring the application of this regulation (‘supervisory authority’). in accordance with article 7(1) and (2) , each national supervisory authority shall be responsible for assessing whether artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies , including software , algorithms and data used or produced by such technologies , developed , deployed and used in the union are high-risk technologies and , if so , for assessing and monitoring their compliance with the ethical principles set out in this regulation. ### 1. each member state shall designate independent public authorities or authorities with a public purpose to be responsible for monitoring the application of this regulation. in accordance with article 7(1) and (2) , each competent supervisory authority shall be responsible for assessing whether artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies , including software , algorithms and data produced or destined to be used by such technologies , developed , deployed and used in the union are high-risk technologies and , if so , for assessing and monitoring their compliance with the law and the ethical principles set out in this regulation.


### 2. each national supervisory authority shall contribute to the consistent application of this regulation throughout the union. for that purpose , the supervisory authorities in each member state shall cooperate with each other , the commission and other relevant institutions , bodies , offices and agencies of the union , in particular as regards establishing the governance standards referred to in article 13(1). ### 2. each competent supervisory authority shall contribute to the consistent application of this regulation throughout the union. for that purpose , the supervisory authorities in each member state shall cooperate with each other , the commission and other relevant institutions , bodies , offices and agencies of the union , in particular as regards establishing the governance standards referred to in article 13(1).


### 3. each national supervisory authority shall be responsible for supervising the application of governance standards to artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies , including by liaising with the maximum possible number of stakeholders. for that purpose , the supervisory authorities in each member state shall provide a forum for regular exchange with stakeholders. ### 3. each competent supervisory authority shall be responsible for supervising the application of governance standards to artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies , including by liaising with the maximum possible number of stakeholders. for that purpose , the supervisory authorities in each member state shall provide a forum for regular exchange and the cooperation and collaboration between stakeholders from academia , research , industry , civil society and individual experts .


### 4. each national supervisory authority shall provide professional and administrative guidance and support on the general implementation of the ethical principles set out in this regulation , including to small and medium-sized enterprises or start-ups. ### 4. each competent supervisory authority shall provide professional and administrative guidance and support on the general implementation of union law regarding artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies , and the ethical principles set out in this regulation , including to relevant research and development , and small and medium-sized enterprises or start-ups.


### c. whereas a common framework for the development , deployment and use of artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies within the union should both protect citizens from their potential risks and promote the trustworthiness of such technologies in the world; ### c. whereas a common framework for the development , deployment and use of artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies within the union should allow citizens to share the benefits drawn from their potential , while protecting them , the public space and the environment from possible risks and promoting trustworthy technology;


### e. whereas such questions should be addressed through a comprehensive and future-proof legal framework reflecting the union’s principles and values as enshrined in the treaties and the charter of fundamental rights that would bring legal certainty to businesses and citizens alike; ### e. whereas legal and ethical questions relating to these technologies should be addressed through a comprehensive and future-proof framework of union law , reflecting the union’s principles and values as enshrined in the treaties and the charter of fundamental rights to increase legal certainty for businesses and citizens alike and to secure civil rights , labour rights and environmental standards;


### f. whereas for the scope of that framework to be adequate it should cover a wide range of technologies and their components , including algorithms , software and data used or produced by them; ### f. whereas for the scope of the legal framework to be adequate it should cover a wide range of technologies and their components , including algorithms , software and data used or produced by them , but also the global technical infrastructures allowing these technologies to function;


### g. whereas that framework should encompass all situations requiring due consideration of the union’s principles and values , namely development , deployment and use of the relevant technologies and their components; ### g. whereas the union’s legal framework should encompass all relevant stages , namely from the development and deployment to the use of the relevant technologies and their components;


### h. whereas a harmonised approach to ethical principles relating to artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies requires a common understanding in the union of those concepts and of concepts such as algorithms , software , data or biometric recognition; ### h. whereas ethical principles relating to artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies require a common understanding of concepts that make up the technologies , such as algorithms and software;


### i. whereas action at union level is justified by the need for a homogenous application of common ethical principles when developing , deploying and using artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies; ### i. whereas action at union level is justified to ensure a homogenous application of common ethical principles enshrined in law when developing , deploying and using artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies;


### j. whereas common ethical principles are only efficient where those responsible for ensuring , assessing and monitoring compliance are identified; ### j. whereas common ethical principles are only efficient where they are also enshrined in law , and those responsible for ensuring , assessing and monitoring compliance are identified;


### k. whereas each member state should establish a national supervisory authority responsible for ensuring , assessing and monitoring compliance , and for enabling discussion and exchange of points of view in close cooperation with the concerned stakeholders and the civil society; ### k. whereas each member state should designate a competent supervisory authority responsible for ensuring , assessing and monitoring compliance , and for enabling discussion and exchange of points of view in close cooperation with the concerned stakeholders and the civil society;


### safety features , transparency and accountability ### safety , transparency , accountability , and accessibility


### 8. proposes that the potential of artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies in this regard should be maximized and explored through responsible research and innovation that requires the mobilisation of resources by the union and its member states; ### 8. stresses the importance of responsible research and development aiming at maximizing a full potential of artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies for citizens and public good; calls for mobilisation of resources by the union and its member states in order to develop and support responsible innovation;


### 9. insists that the development , deployment and use of these technologies should not cause injury or harm of any kind to individuals or society; ### 9. insists that the development , deployment and use of these technologies should not cause injury or harm of any kind to individuals , society or environment;


### 10. states that it is essential that artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies support the achievement of sustainable development , climate neutrality and circular economy goals; the development , deployment and use of these technologies should be environmentally friendly , and contribute to minimising any harm caused to the environment during their lifecycle and across their entire supply chain; ### 10. states that it is essential that artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies benefit the people and the planet , contribute to the achievement of sustainable development , the preservation of the environment , climate neutrality and circular economy goals; the development , deployment and use of these technologies should contribute to the green transition , preserve the environment , and minimise and remedy any harm caused to the environment during their lifecycle and across their entire supply chain;


### 11. proposes that the potential of artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies in this regard should be maximized and explored through responsible research and innovation that requires the mobilisation of resources by the union and its member states; ### 11. proposes that the potential of artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies in this regard should be maximized and explored through responsible research and development that requires the mobilisation of resources by the union and its member states;


### 12. highlights that the development , deployment and use of these technologies provide numerous opportunities for the achievement of the sustainable development goals outlined by the united nations; ### 12. highlights that the development , deployment and use of these technologies provide opportunities for promoting of the sustainable development goals outlined by the united nations , global energy transition and decarbonisation;


### 13. observes that data production and use , including personal data such as biometric data , resulting from the development , deployment and use of artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies are rapidly increasing , thereby underlining the need to respect the rights of citizens to privacy and protection of personal data in line with union law; ### 13. observes that data production and use resulting from the development , deployment and use of artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies are rapidly increasing , thereby underlining the need to respect and enforce the rights of citizens to privacy and protection of personal data in line with union law;


### 14. points out that the possibility provided by these technologies of using personal data and non-personal data to categorise and micro-target people , identify the vulnerabilities of individuals , or exploit accurate predictive knowledge , has to be counterweighted by the principles of data minimisation , the right to obtain an explanation of a decision based on automated processing and privacy by design , as well as those of proportionality , necessity and limitation based on purpose; ### 14. points out that the possibility provided by these technologies of using personal and non-personal data to categorise and micro-target people , identify vulnerabilities of individuals , or exploit accurate predictive knowledge , has to be counterweighted by effectively enforced data protection and privacy principles such as data minimisation , the right to object to profiling and control one’s data , the right to obtain an explanation of a decision based on automated processing and privacy by design , as well as those of proportionality , necessity and limitation based on strictly identified purpose;


### 15. emphasises that when remote recognition technologies are used by public authorities during times of national emergency , such as during a national health crisis , their use should always be proportionate , limited in time and respectful of human dignity and fundamental rights; ### 15. emphasises that when remote recognition technologies , such as recognition of biometric features , notably facial recognition , are used by public authorities , their use should always be voluntary , proportionate , targeted and limited to specific objectives , restricted in time , and carried out in accordance with union law , with due regard to human rights and dignity , autonomy and self-determination of the individual , and the fundamental rights set out in the charter. criteria for and limits to that use should be submitted to democratic scrutiny and debate , subjected to judicial review and respectful of human dignity , autonomy and self-determination of the individual , and further fundamental rights;


### 16. stresses that appropriate governance of the development , deployment and use of artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies , including by having measures in place focusing on accountability and addressing potential risks of bias and discrimination , increases citizens’ safety and trust in those technologies; ### 16. stresses that appropriate governance of the development , deployment and use of artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies , including by having measures in place focusing on accountability and addressing potential risks of bias and discrimination , can increase citizens’ safety and trust in those technologies;


### 17. observes that data are used in large volumes in the development of artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies and that the processing , sharing of and access to such data must be governed in accordance with the requirements of quality , integrity , security , privacy and control; ### 17. observes that data are used in large volumes in the development of artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies and that the processing , sharing of and access to such data must be governed in accordance with the law;


### 18. underlines the need to ensure that data belonging to vulnerable groups , such as people with disabilities , patients , children , minorities and migrants , are protected adequately; ### 18. underlines the need to ensure that data on , or stemming from vulnerable groups , such as people with disabilities , patients , children , minorities and migrants , are adequately protected;


### national supervisory authorities ### competent supervisory authorities


### 19. notes the added value of having national supervisory authorities in each member state responsible for ensuring , assessing and monitoring compliance with ethical principles for the development , deployment and use of artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies; ### 19. notes that relevant or designated supervisory authorities in member states responsible for ensuring , assessing and monitoring compliance with legal and ethical principles for the development , deployment and use of artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies can contribute to the compliance of development and research in artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies;


### 21. calls for such authorities to be tasked with promoting regular exchanges with civil society and innovation within the union by providing assistance to concerned stakeholders , in particular small and medium-sized enterprises or start-ups; ### 21. calls for such authorities to be tasked with promoting regular exchanges with civil society and innovation within the union by providing assistance to relevant research and development , and concerned stakeholders , in particular small and medium-sized enterprises or start-ups;


### 23. calls on the commission to follow-up on that request , especially in view of the added-value of having a body at union level coordinating the mandates and actions of each national supervisory authority as referred to in the previous sub-section; ### 23. calls on the commission to follow-up on that request , especially in view of the added-value of having a body at union level coordinating the actions , and sharing best practice of the competent supervisory authorities , and of contributing to the collaboration of research and development in the field throughout the eu;


### 24. believes that such a body , as well as the certification referred to in the following paragraph , would not only benefit the development of union industry and innovation in that context but also increase the awareness of our citizens regarding the opportunities and risks inherent to these technologies; ### 24. believes that such a body would not only benefit the development of union industry and innovation in that context but also increase the awareness of citizens regarding the opportunities and risks inherent to technology;


### 25. suggests that the european agency for artificial intelligence develops common criteria and an application process relating to the granting of a european certificate of ethical compliance following a request by any developer , deployer or user seeking to certify the positive assessment of compliance carried out by the respective national supervisory authority; ### 25. suggests that the european agency for artificial intelligence develops common criteria and an application process relating to the granting of a european certificate of ethical compliance following a request by any developer , deployer or user seeking to certify the positive assessment of compliance carried out by the respective competent supervisory authority;


### 26. stresses that the union’s ethical principles for the development , deployment and use of these technologies should be promoted worldwide by cooperating with international partners and liaising with third countries with different development and deployment models. ### 26. stresses that the union’s legal and ethical principles for the development , deployment and use of these technologies should be promoted worldwide by cooperating with international partners and continuing the critical and ethics-based dialogue with third countries implementing alternative models of ai regulation , development and deployment.


### 27. recalls that the opportunities and risks inherent to these technologies have a global dimension that requires a consistent approach at international level and thus calls on the commission to work in bilateral and multilateral settings to advocate and ensure ethical compliance. ### 27. recalls that the opportunities and risks inherent to these technologies have a global dimension that requires international cooperation and thus calls on the commission to work in bilateral and multilateral settings to advocate and ensure ethical compliance.


### 29. concludes , following the above reflections on aspects related to the ethical dimension of artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies , that the ethical dimension should be framed as a series of principles resulting in a legal framework at union level supervised by national competent authorities , coordinated and enhanced by a european agency for artificial intelligence and duly respected and certified within the internal market; ### 29. concludes , following the above reflections on aspects related to the legal and ethical dimensions of artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies , that the ethical dimension should be enshrined in a legal framework at union level , supported by competent supervisory authorities , coordinated and enhanced by the aforementioned european agency for artificial intelligence , regularly evaluated by the aforementioned centre of expertise and duly respected and certified within the internal market;


### 30. following the procedure of article 225 of the treaty on the functioning of the european union , requests the commission to submit a proposal for a regulation on ethical principles for the development , deployment and use of artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies on the basis of article 114 of the treaty on the functioning of the european union and following the detailed recommendations set out in the annex hereto; ### 30. following the procedure of article 225 of the treaty on the functioning of the european union , requests the commission to submit a proposal for a regulation on ethical principles for the development , deployment and use of artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies on the basis of article 114 of the treaty on the functioning of the european union and following the detailed recommendations set out in this report and the annex hereto;


### - to build trust in artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies by ensuring that these technologies will be developed , deployed and used in an ethical manner; ### - to build trust in intelligent and autonomous technologies by ensuring that these technologies will be developed , deployed and used in an ethical manner at all levels of involved stakeholders and of society;


### - to support the development of artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies in the union , including by helping businesses and start-ups to assess and address regulatory requirements and risks during the development process; ### - to support the development of artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies in the union , including by helping businesses and start-ups to assess and address with certainty current and future regulatory requirements and risks during the innovation and business development process , and during the subsequent phase of use by professionals and private individuals;


### - to support deployment of artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies in the union by providing the appropriate regulatory framework; ### - to support deployment of artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies in the union by providing the appropriate regulatory framework , in the aim of encouraging regulatory certainty and innovation while guaranteeing fundamental rights and consumer protection;


### - to support use of artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies in the union by ensuring that they are developed , deployed and used in an ethical manner; ### deleted


### - to require better information flows among citizens and within organisations developing , deploying or using artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies as a means of ensuring that these technologies are compliant with the ethical principles of the proposed regulation. ### - to require transparency and better information flows among citizens and within organisations developing , deploying or using artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies as a means of ensuring that these technologies are compliant with union law , human rights and values , and with the ethical principles of the proposed regulation.


### - the work carried out by the “supervisory authority” in each member state to ensure that ethical principles are applied to artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies; ### - the work carried out by the competent supervisory authorities in the member states to ensure that ethical principles are applied to artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies;


### - the involvement and consultation of , as well as provision of support to , stakeholders , including start-ups , businesses , social partners , and other representatives of the civic society. ### - the involvement and consultation of , as well as provision of support to , relevant research and development , and concerned stakeholders , including start-ups , businesses , social partners , and other representatives of the civic society.


### - safety features , transparency and accountability; ### - safety features , transparency , accountability , and accessibility;


### - safeguards against bias and discrimination; ### - safeguards and remedies against bias and discrimination;


### - social responsibility and gender balance in artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies; ### - social responsibility and gender equality in artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies;


### - respect for privacy and limitations to the use of biometric recognition; ### - respect for fundamental rights , including privacy and limitations to the use of biometric recognition;


### iv. the key elements of the commission’s task as regards compliance with ethical principles for the development , deployment and use of artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies are: ### iv. the key elements of the commission’s task as regards compliance with legal and ethical principles for the development , deployment and use of artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies are:


### - raising awareness , providing information and engaging in exchanges with developers , deployers and users throughout the union. ### - raising awareness , providing information , education , training and engaging in exchanges with designers , developers , deployers , citizens , users and institutional bodies throughout the union and internationally.


### - to supervise the application of the proposed regulation; ### - to supervise the application of relevant union law;


### - to issue guidance as regards the application of the proposed regulation; ### - to issue guidance as regards the application of relevant union law;


### - to liaise with the “supervisory authority” in each member state and coordinate their mandate and tasks; ### - to liaise with the member states and concerned competent supervisory authorities , coordinate their contributions and collaboration;


### - to develop a european certificate of compliance with ethical principles; ### - to develop a european certificate of compliance with legal and ethical principles with specific requirements for artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies targeting children , young adults or other vulnerable persons;


### - to support regular exchanges with concerned stakeholders and the civil society. ### - to support cross-sector and cross-border co-operation through regular exchanges , in the form of a structured dialogue , with concerned stakeholders and the civil society , in the eu and in the world , notably with social partners , researchers and competent authorities in the fields of neuroscience , cognitive science , health , sociology , economy and law.


### vi. the key tasks of the “supervisory authority” in each member state should be: ### vi. the key tasks of competent supervisory authorities in the member states should be:


### - to assess whether artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies , including software , algorithms and data used or produced by such technologies , developed , deployed and used in the union are high-risk technologies; ### - to assess whether artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies , including software , algorithms and data used or produced by such technologies , developed , deployed and used in the union are to be considered high-risk technologies;


### - to monitor their compliance with the ethical principles set out in the proposed regulation; ### - to monitor their compliance with law and ethical principles set out in the proposed regulation;


### - to contribute to the consistent application of the proposed regulation in cooperation with other supervisory authorities , the european commission and other relevant institutions , bodies , offices and agencies of the union; and ### - to contribute to the consistent application of the legal framework and the proposed regulation in cooperation with other competent supervisory authorities , the european commission and other relevant institutions , bodies , offices and agencies of the union; and


### - to be responsible for establishing standards for the governance of artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies , including by liaising with the maximum possible number of stakeholders and civil society representatives. ### - to be responsible for establishing standards for the governance of artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies , including by sustaining a structured dialogue with all relevant stakeholders and civil society representatives;


### vii. the key role of stakeholders should be to engage with the commission , the european agency for artificial intelligence and the “supervisory authority” in each member state. ### vii. the key role of stakeholders should be to engage with the commission , the european agency for artificial intelligence and the competent supervisory authorities in member states.


### (1) the development , deployment and use of artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies , including the software , algorithms and data used or produced by such technologies , are based on a desire to serve society. they can entail opportunities and risks , which should be addressed and regulated by a comprehensive legal framework of ethical principles to be complied with from the moment of the development and deployment of such technologies to their use. ### (1) the development , deployment and use of artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies , including the software , algorithms and data used or produced by such technologies , should serve society. they can entail opportunities and risks , which should be addressed and regulated by a comprehensive legal framework of union law , reflecting ethical principles to be complied with from the moment of the development and deployment of such technologies to their use.


### (3) in this context , the current diversity of the rules and practices to be followed across the union poses a significant risk to the protection of the well-being and prosperity of individuals and society alike , as well as to the coherent exploration of the full potential that artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies have in promoting and preserving that well-being and prosperity. differences in the degree of consideration of the ethical dimension inherent to these technologies can prevent them from being freely developed , deployed or used within the union and such differences can constitute an obstacle to the pursuit of economic activities at union level , distort competition and impede authorities in the fulfilment of their obligations under union law. in addition , the absence of a common framework of ethical principles for the development , deployment and use of artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies results in legal uncertainty for all those involved , namely developers , deployers and users. ### (3) in this context , the current diversity of the rules and practices to be followed across the union poses a significant risk to the protection of the well-being and prosperity of individuals and society alike , as well as to the coherent exploration of the full potential that artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies have in promoting and preserving that well-being and prosperity. differences in the degree of consideration of the ethical dimension inherent to these technologies can prevent them from being freely developed , deployed or used within the union and such differences can constitute an obstacle to the pursuit of economic activities at union level , distort competition and impede authorities in the fulfilment of their obligations under union law. in addition , the absence of a common legal framework , reflecting the union’s ethical principles for the development , deployment and use of artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies results in legal uncertainty for all those involved , namely developers , deployers and users.


### (4) nevertheless , this regulation should provide a margin of manoeuvre for member states , including with regard to how the mandate of their respective national supervisory authority is to be carried out in view of the objectives it is to pursue as laid down herein. ### (4) nevertheless , this regulation should provide a margin of manoeuvre for member states , including with regard to how the mandate of their competent supervisory authorities is to be carried out in view of the objectives it is to pursue as laid down herein.


### (5) the geographical scope of application of such a framework should cover all the components of artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies developed , deployed or used in the union , including in cases where part of the technologies might be located outside the union or not have a specific location , such as in the case of cloud computing services. ### (5) the scope of application of such a framework should cover all the components of artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies throughout their development , deployment and use in the union , including in cases where part of the technologies might be located outside the union or not have a single location , such as in the case of cloud computing services.


### (6) a common understanding in the union of notions such as artificial intelligence , robotics , related technologies , algorithms and biometric recognition is required in order to allow for a harmonized regulatory approach. however , the specific legal definitions need to be developed in the context of this regulation without prejudice to other definitions used in other legal acts and international jurisdictions. ### (6) a common understanding in the union of notions such as artificial intelligence , robotics , related technologies and algorithms is required in order to allow for a harmonized regulatory approach. however , the specific legal definitions need to be developed in the context of this regulation without prejudice to other definitions used in other legal acts and international jurisdictions.


### (7) the development , deployment and use of artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies , including the software , algorithms and data used or produced by such technologies , should be such as to ensure that the best interests of citizens are considered , and should respect fundamental rights as set out in the charter of fundamental rights of the european union (‘the charter’) , settled case-law of the court of justice of the european union , and other european and international instruments which apply in the union. ### (7) the development , deployment and use of artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies , including the software , algorithms and data used or produced by such technologies , should be such as to ensure that their execution does not run against the best interests of affected citizens and the public and should respect union law , based on fundamental rights as set out in the charter of fundamental rights of the european union (‘the charter’) , settled case-law of the court of justice of the european union , and other european and international instruments which apply in the union.


### (8) artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies have been provided with the ability to learn from data and experience , as well as to take founded decisions. such capacities need to remain subject to meaningful human review , judgment , intervention and control. the technical and operational complexity of such technologies should never prevent their deployer or user from being able to , at the very least , alter or halt them in cases where the compliance with the principles set out in this regulation is at risk. ### (8) decisions made or informed by artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies should remain subject to meaningful human review , judgment , intervention and control. the technical and operational complexity of such technologies should never prevent their deployer or user from being able to , at the very least , alter or halt them in cases where the execution of such technology amounts to essential risk for goods and rights of the user or run counter to the principles of the union law and this regulation.


### (9) any artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies , including the software , algorithms and data used or produced by such technologies , which entails a high risk of breaching the principles of safety , transparency , accountability , non-bias or non-discrimination , social responsibility and gender balance , environmental friendliness and sustainability , privacy and governance , should be considered high-risk from a compliance with ethical principles perspective where that is the conclusion of an impartial , regulated and external risk assessment by the national supervisory authority. ### (9) any artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies , including the software , algorithms and data used or produced by such technologies , which entails a high risk of breaching the union’s legal principles and fundamental rights should be considered high-risk where that is the conclusion of an impartial , regulated and external risk assessment by the commission , the european parliament , the european agency for artificial intelligence or a competent supervisory authority. the affected developer and deployer should be heard and its own self-assessment be taken into account for the final decision.


### (10) notwithstanding the risk assessment carried out in relation to compliance with ethical principles , artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies , including the software , algorithms and data used or produced by such technologies , should always be assessed as to their risk on the basis of objective criteria and in line with relevant sector-specific legislation applicable in different fields such as those of health , transport , employment , justice and home affairs , media , education and culture. ### (10) notwithstanding the risk assessment carried out in relation to compliance with union law and ethical principles , artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies , including the software , algorithms and data used or produced by such technologies , should always be assessed as to their risk on the basis of objective criteria and in line with relevant sector-specific legislation applicable in different fields.


### (11) trustworthy artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies , including the software , algorithms and data used or produced by such technologies should be developed , deployed and used in a safe , transparent and accountable manner based on the features of robustness , resilience , security , accuracy and error identification , explainability and identifiability , and in a manner that makes it possible to be temporarily disabled and to revert to historical functionalities in cases of non-compliance with those safety features. ### (11) trustworthy artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies , including the software , algorithms and data used or produced by such technologies should be developed , deployed and used in a safe , transparent , accountable and accessible manner based on the features of robustness , resilience , security , accuracy and error identification , explainability , interpretability , auditability , transparency , identifiability , and access to technology , data and computing systems underlying such technologies , and in a manner that makes it possible to be disabled or reverted to a previous state , identified as restoring safe functionalities in cases of non-compliance with those features.


### (12) developers , deployers and users are responsible for compliance with safety , transparency , and accountability principles to the extent of their involvement with the artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies concerned , including the software , algorithms and data used or produced by such technologies. developers should ensure that the technologies concerned are designed and built in line with safety features , whereas deployers and users should deploy and use the concerned technologies in full observance of those features. ### (12) developers , deployers and users can be responsible to varying degree for the compliance with safety , transparency , accountability , and accessibility principles to the extent of their involvement with the artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies concerned , including the software , algorithms and data used or produced by such technologies. developers should ensure that the technologies concerned are designed and built in line with the abovementioned features , whereas deployers and users should deploy and use the concerned technologies in full observance of those features.


### (14) to the extent that their involvement with those technologies influences the compliance with the safety , transparency and accountability requirements set out in this regulation , users should use artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies in good faith. this means , in particular , that they should not use those technologies in a way that contravenes the ethical principles laid down in this legal framework and the requirements listed therein. beyond such use in good faith , users should be exempt from any responsibility that otherwise falls upon developers and deployers as established in this regulation. ### (14) to the extent that their involvement with those technologies influences the compliance with the safety , transparency , accountability , and accessibility requirements set out in this regulation , users should use artificial intelligence , robotics and related technologies in good faith. this means , in particular , that they should not use those technologies in a way that contravenes union law or the ethical principles laid down in this legal framework and the requirements listed therein. beyond such use in good faith , users should be exempt from any responsibility that otherwise falls upon developers and deployers as established in this regulation.