### cultural heritage is the fabric of our lives , meaningful to communities , groups and societies , giving a sense of belonging . it is the bridge between the past and the future of our societies . it is a driving force of local economies and a powerful source of inspiration for creative and cultural industries . accessing , conserving , safeguarding and restoring , interpreting and harnessing the full potential of our cultural heritage are crucial challenges now and for future generations . cultural heritage is the major input and inspiration for the arts , traditional craftsmanship , the cultural , entrepreneurial and creative sectors that are drivers of sustainable economic growth , new job creation and external trade . ### cultural heritage is traces and expressions from the past that gives attributed - meaning to and is used by communities , groups and societies today . it can contribute to giving sense of belonging , wellbeing and to a better understanding of society and personal context . it is a bridge between the past and the future of our societies . it is a driving force of local economies and a powerful source of inspiration for creative and cultural industries . accessing , conserving , safeguarding and restoring , interpreting , re - interpreting , developing and harnessing the full potential of our cultural heritage are crucial challenges now and for future generations . cultural heritage is the major input and inspiration for the arts , traditional craftsmanship , the cultural , entrepreneurial and creative sectors that are drivers of sustainable economic growth , new job creation and external trade . cultural heritage and cultural heritage information provides research data for the humanities as well as several science areas and are as such an infrastructure for research .


### –statistical and other economic tools for a better understanding of growth and innovation in a context of sluggish productivity gains ; ### –statistical and other economic tools for a better understanding of sustainable growth and innovation in a context of sluggish productivity gains ;


### –tax and benefits systems together with social security and social investment policies with a view to reversing inequalities and addressing the negative impacts of technology , demographics and diversity ; ### –tax and benefits systems together with social security and social investment policies , tax havens and tax justice with a view to reversing inequalities and addressing the negative impacts of technology , demographics and diversity ;


### to ensure industrial competitiveness and the capacity to address the global challenges ahead , the eu must reinforce and maintain its technological and industrial capacities in the key areas that underpin the transformation of our economy and society . ### to ensure that industrial competitiveness and sustainability go hand in hand and to ensure the capacity to address the global challenges ahead , the eu must modernise its technological and industrial capacities in the key areas that underpin the transformation of to a net - zero ghg emission economy and society .


### eu industry provides one out of five jobs and two thirds of private sector r&d investments and generates 80% of eu exports . a new wave of innovation , involving a merging of physical and digital technologies , will trigger huge opportunities for eu industry and improve the quality of life for eu citizens . ### eu industry provides one out of five jobs and two thirds of private sector r&d investments and generates 80% of eu exports . a new wave of innovation , in particular eco - innovation as well as innovation involving a merging of physical and digital technologies , will trigger huge opportunities for eu industry and improve the quality of life for eu citizens .


### to make the digitised , circular , low - carbon and low - emission economy a reality , action is needed at eu level because of the complexity of value chains , the systemic and multi - disciplinary nature of the technologies and their high development costs , and the cross - sectoral nature of the problems to be addressed . the eu must ensure that all industrial players , and society at large , can benefit from advanced and clean technologies and digitisation . developing technologies alone will not suffice . industrially - oriented infrastructures , including pilot lines , will help set up eu businesses and in particular smes deploy these technologies and improve their innovation performance . ### to make the digitised , circular , net zero - ghg emission economy a reality , action is needed at eu level because of the complexity of value chains , the systemic and multi - disciplinary nature of the technologies and their high development costs , and the cross - sectoral nature of the problems to be addressed . the eu must ensure that all industrial players , and society at large , can benefit from advanced and sustainable technologies and digitisation . developing technologies alone will not suffice . new sustainable business models , industrially - oriented infrastructures , including pilot lines , will help set up eu businesses and in particular smes deploy these technologies and improve their innovation performance .


### a strong engagement of industry is essential in setting priorities and developing research and innovation agendas , increasing the leverage of public funding , and ensuring the uptake of results . societal understanding and acceptance are key ingredients for success , as well as a new agenda for industry - relevant skills and standardisation . ### the involvement of industry as part of the multi - stakeholder process is essential in setting priorities and developing research and innovation agendas , increasing the leverage of additional public and private funding , and ensuring the uptake of results . societal understanding and acceptance , including consideration of universal design in the design of products , goods and services , are key ingredients for success , as well as a new agenda for industry - relevant skills and standardisation . reusing there sources from obsolete or recycled it devices can ensure a source of raw materials to be used in the next generation devices , therefore technologies that increase the efficiency of recovery need to be supported .


### manufacturing is a key driver of employment and prosperity in the eu , producing over three quarters of the eu ' s global exports and providing over a 100 million direct and indirect jobs . the key challenge for eu manufacturing is to remain competitive at a global level with smarter and more customised products of high added value , produced at much lower energy costs . creative and cultural inputs will be vital to help generate added value . ### manufacturing is a key driver of employment and prosperity in the eu , producing over three quarters of the eu ' s global exports and providing over a 100 million direct and indirect jobs . the key challenge for eu manufacturing is to ensure resource and energy efficient and sustainable scale up to enable industrial manufacturing of the future products and thereby combining sustainability and competitiveness at a global level . research and development need to look into new business and manufacturing models substituting current wasteful models and ensuring the preservation of the value embedded in products and material . products and production processes need to become smarter , customised and more energy and resource - efficient creating less waste and pollution , combining highest quality with the highest environmental and sustainability standards and thereby standing out on the global market . creative and cultural inputs , as well as perspectives from social sciences and humanities on the relation between technology and people in production will be vital to help generate added value . research also needs to take account of environmental , societal and ethical concerns with regard to certain types of technologies and need to be addressed by developing assessment process including broad consultation of stakeholders .


### maintaining and autonomously developing strong design and production capacities in essential digital technologies such as micro - and nano - electronics , photonics , software and systems , and their integration as well as advanced materials for these applications will be essential for a competitive eu . ### maintaining and autonomously developing strong design and production capacities in essential enabling digital technologies such as micro - and nano - electronics , photonics , software and systems , and their integration as well as advanced materials for these applications will be essential future european ict knowledge , deployment and competitiveness across diverse industrial sectors and for a competitive eu . key enabling digital technologies can fill the gap between cutting edge research and market creating innovations . .


### the eu is a global leader in advanced materials and associated processes , which make up 20% of its industry base and form the root of nearly all value chains through the transformation of raw materials . to remain competitive and meet citizens’ needs for sustainable , safe and advanced materials , the eu must improve the recyclability of materials , reduce the carbon and environmental footprint , and drive cross - sectoral industrial innovation by supporting new applications in all industry sectors . ### the eu is a global leader in advanced materials and associated processes , which make up 20% of its industry base and form the root of nearly all value chains through the transformation of raw materials . to become fully sustainable and remain competitive and meet citizens’ needs for sustainable , safe and advanced materials , the eu must continue taking the lead in the sustainable sourcing and processing of raw materials , improve the durability , reusability and recyclability and develop new eco - friendly materials through energy and resource - efficient production processes , and drive cross - sectoral industrial innovation by supporting new applications in all industry sectors .


### –materials designed with new properties and functionalisation and meeting regulatory requirements ; ### –materials designed with new properties and functionalisation and meeting regulatory requirements substituting critical raw materials or hazardous substances


### –integrated materials processes and production following a customer - oriented and ethical approach , including pre - normative activities and life - cycle assessment , sourcing and management of raw materials , durability , reusability and recyclability , safety , risk assessment and management ; ### –integrated materials processes and production following a customer - oriented and ethical approach , including pre - normative activities and full ghg emission life - cycle assessment , sustainable sourcing and management of raw materials , including critical raw materials , durability , reusability and recyclability , safety , risk assessment and management ; processes for separating biomaterials and improving resource efficiency


### making any object and device intelligent is one of the megatrends . researchers and innovators developing artificial intelligence and offering applications in robotics and other areas will be key drivers of future economic and productivity growth . many sectors including health , manufacturing , construction , and farming will use and further develop this key enabling technology , in other parts of the framework programme . developments must ensure the safety of ai - based applications , assess the risks and mitigate its potential for malicious use and unintended discrimination such as gender or racial bias . it must also be ensured that ai is developed within a framework which respects the eu ' s values and the charter of fundamental rights of the european union . ### making any object and device intelligent is one of the megatrends . researchers and innovators developing artificial intelligence and offering applications in robotics and other areas may be key drivers of future economic and productivity growth . many sectors including health , transport , manufacturing , construction , and farming will use and further develop this technology , in other parts of the framework programme . developments must ensure the safety of ai - based applications , assess the risks and mitigate its potential for malicious use and unintended discrimination such as gender or racial bias . it must also be ensured that ai is developed within an ethical framework which respects the eu ' s values and the charter of fundamental rights of the european union .


### the internet has become a key enabler of the digital transformation of all sectors of our economy and society . the eu needs to take the lead in driving the next generation internet towards a human - centric ecosystem in line with our social and ethical values . investing in technologies and software for the next generation internet will improve eu industrial competitiveness in the global economy . optimising eu wide take up will require large - scale cooperation across stakeholders . ### the internet has become a key enabler of the digital transformation of all sectors of our economy and society . in line with the envisioned digitalised society and the complex matters that follows , the eu needs to take the lead in driving the next generation internet addressing both human - centric aspects and technical development towards accessible , secure and reliable network services . investing in technologies and software for the next generation internet will improve eu industrial competitiveness in the global economy . optimising eu wide take up will require large - scale cooperation across stakeholders .


### –high performance computing : next generation of key exascale and post - exascale technologies and systems ; algorithms , codes and applications , and analytic tools and test - beds ; industrial pilot test - beds and services ; supporting research and innovation for a world - class hpc infrastructure , including the first hybrid hpc / quantum computing infrastructure in the eu ; ### –high performance computing : development of the next generation of key exascale and post - exascale technologies and systems ; dedicated hardware , algorithms , codes and applications , and analytic tools and test - beds ; industrial pilot test - beds and services ; supporting research and innovation for a world - class hpc infrastructure , including the first hybrid hpc / quantum computing infrastructure in the eu ; business models for shared hpc infrastructures and services ;


### –big data : extreme - performance data analytics ; ' privacy by design ' in the analysis of personal and confidential big data ; technologies for full - scale data platforms for re - use of industrial , personal and open data ; data management , interoperability and linking tools ; data applications for global challenges ; ### –big data : extreme - performance data analytics ; secure and integrity - preserving , ' privacy by design ' in the analysis of personal and confidential big data ; technologies for full - scale data platforms for re - use of industrial , open data ; data management , interoperability and linking tools ; data applications for global challenges ;


### primary raw materials will continue to play an important role in the circular economy and attention must be paid to their sustainable production . in addition , entirely new materials , products and processes should be designed for circularity . building a circular industry will have several advantages for europe : it will lead to a secure , sustainable and affordable supply of raw materials , which will in turn protect the industry against scarcity of resources and price volatility . it will also create new business opportunities and innovative , more efficient ways of producing . ### primary raw materials will continue to play an important role in the circular economy and attention must be paid to their sustainable sourcing , usage and production . in addition , entirely new materials , products and processes should be designed for circularity . building a circular industry will have several advantages for europe : it will support a secure , sustainable and affordable supply of raw materials , which will in turn protect the industry against scarcity of resources and price volatility . it will also create new business opportunities and innovative , more efficient ways of producing .


### the objective is to develop affordable breakthrough innovations and deploy a combination of advanced technologies and processes so as to extract maximum value from all resources . ### the objective is to develop affordable breakthrough innovations and deploy combination of advanced technologies digital tools and resource and energy efficient processes so as to extract maximum value from all resources .


### –valorisation and life - cycle assessment of materials and product streams with use of new alternative feedstocks , resource control , material tracking and sorting ; ### –valorisation and life - cycle assessment of materials and product streams with use of new alternative feedstocks , resource control , including new business models , automation and digital technologies for material tracking and sorting ;


### –products for enhanced life - cycle performance , durability , upgradeability and ease of repair , dismantling and recycling ; ### –products for enhanced life - cycle performance , durability , upgradeability and ease of repair , dismantling , reuse , remanufacturing and recycling ;


### –elimination of substances of concern in the production and end - of - life phases ; safe substitutes , and safe and cost - efficient production technologies ; ### –safe handling or elimination of substances of concern in the production and end - of - life phases ; safe substitutes , and safe and energy and resource - efficient production technologies ;


### industrial sectors , including energy - intensive industries , contribute millions of jobs and their competitiveness is key for the prosperity of our societies . however , they account for 20% of the global greenhouse gas emissions and have a high environmental impact . ### industrial sectors , including energy - intensive industries , contribute millions of jobs and their competitiveness is key for the prosperity of our societies . however , they account for 20% of the global greenhouse gas emissions and have a high environmental impact and entail increasing external costs to society , particularly in terms of air , water and soil pollution .


### breakthrough technologies to achieve significant reductions in greenhouse gases and pollutants , often combined with the technologies for circular industry above , will lead to strong industrial value chains , revolutionise manufacturing capacities and improve the global competitiveness of industry ; and at the same time make key contributions to our targets for climate action and environmental quality . ### breakthrough research and technologies to achieve significant reductions in greenhouse gases and pollutants , often combined with energy efficiency measures , technologies for circular industry above , and digital technologies , will lead to strong industrial value chains , revolutionise manufacturing capacities and improve the global competitiveness of industry hand in hand with increasing its sustainability and making key contributions to our targets for climate action and environmental quality . industries , especially those that are energy - intensive , should further improve energy efficiency , and favour the integration of renewable energy sources through the development of new power - driven industrial techniques and processes .


### –process technologies , including heating and cooling , digital tools and large - scale demonstrations for process performance and efficiency ; substantial reductions or avoidance of industrial emissions of greenhouse gases and pollutants , including particulate matter ; ### –process technologies , including heating and cooling , digital tools , automation and large - scale demonstrations for optimising process performance and efficiency ; substantial reductions or avoidance of industrial emissions of greenhouse gases and pollutants , including particulate matter ;


### –industrial products that require low or zero carbon emissions production processes through the life cycle . ### –industrial products and materials that require net - zero ghg emissions in production , processes through the life cycle as well as their own energy consumption


### –european global navigation satellite systems : innovative applications , global uptake including international partners , solutions improving robustness , authentication , integrity of services , development of fundamental elements such as chipsets , receivers and antennas , sustainability of supply chains , new technologies , towards sustained exploitation of services for impact on societal challenges . next generation systems development for new challenges such as security or autonomous driving ; ### –european global navigation satellite systems : innovative applications , global uptake including international partners , solutions improving robustness , authentication , integrity of services , development of fundamental elements such as chipsets , receivers and antennas , sustainability of supply chains , new technologies , improved accessibility and increased diversity of applications towards sustained exploitation of services for impact on societal challenges . next generation systems development for new challenges such as security or autonomous driving ;


### –copernicus : innovative applications , global uptake and international partners , robustness and evolution of services , sustainability of supply chains , sensors , systems and mission concepts ; calibration and validation ; sustained exploitation of services and impact on societal challenges ; earth observation data techniques , big data , computing resources and algorithmic tools . next generation systems development for new challenges such as climate change , and security ; ### –copernicus : innovative applications , global uptake and international partners , robustness and evolution of services , sustainability of supply chains , sensors , systems and mission concepts ; calibration and validation ; sustained exploitation of services and impact on societal challenges ; earth observation data techniques , big data , computing resources and algorithmic tools . next generation systems development for new challenges such as climate change , and security and improved accessibility and increased diversity of applications ;


### –space ecosystem : in - orbit validation and demonstration services , including rideshare services for light satellites ; space demonstrators in areas such as hybrid , smart or reconfigurable satellites , in - orbit manufacturing and assembly , launcher reusability , in - orbit servicing and micro - launchers ; breakthrough innovations , and technology transfer , in areas such as recycling , green space , artificial intelligence , robotics , digitisation , cost - efficiency , miniaturisation ; ### –space ecosystem : in - orbit validation and demonstration services , including rideshare services for light satellites ; space demonstrators in areas such as hybrid , smart or reconfigurable satellites , in - orbit manufacturing and assembly , launcher reusability , in - orbit servicing and micro - launchers ; breakthrough innovations , and technology transfer , in areas such as recycling , refuelling , clean space , green space , artificial intelligence , robotics , digitisation , cost - efficiency , miniaturisation ;


### transport ensures the mobility of people and goods necessary for an integrated european single market , territorial cohesion and an open and inclusive society . at the same time , transport has significant negative effects on human health , congestion , land , air quality and noise , as well as safety resulting in numerous premature deaths and increased socio - economic costs . therefore , sustainable mobility and transport networks need to become clean , safe , smart , secure , silent , reliable and affordable , offering a seamless integrated door - to - door service . ### transport ensures the mobility of people and goods necessary for an integrated european single market , territorial cohesion and an open and inclusive society . at the same time , transport has significant negative effects on human health , congestion , land , air quality and noise , as well as safety resulting in numerous premature deaths and increased socio - economic costs . therefore , sustainable mobility and transport networks need to become zero - emission , safe , smart , secure , silent , reliable and affordable , offering a seamless integrated door - to - door service .


### the issues faced by the transport and energy sectors go however beyond the need for emission reduction . there are several challenges to be tackled , including the increasing penetration of digital and space - based technologies , changes in user behaviour and mobility patterns , new market entrants and disruptive business models , globalisation , increasing international competition and an older , more urban and increasingly diverse , population . ### the issues faced by the transport and energy sectors go however beyond the need for emission reduction . there are several challenges to be tackled , including the increasing penetration of digital and space - based technologies , changes in user behaviour and mobility patterns , new market entrants and disruptive business models , globalisation , increasing international competition and an older , more urban , but also less populated rural areas , as well as and increasingly diverse , population .


### both sectors are major drivers of europe ' s economic competitiveness and growth . the eu has upwards of 1 . 6 million people working in the field of renewables and energy efficiency . transportation and the storage sectors employ more than 11 million in the eu , accounting for around 5% of gdp and 20% of exports . the eu is a world leader in vehicle , aircraft and vessel design and manufacturing , while patenting of innovative clean energy technologies places the eu in second place worldwide . ### both sectors are major drivers of europe ' s economic competitiveness and growth . the eu has upwards of 1 . 6 million people working in the field of renewables and energy efficiency . transportation and the storage sectors employ more than 11 million in the eu , accounting for around 5% of gdp and 20% of exports . the eu is a world leader in vehicle , aircraft and vessel design and manufacturing , while patenting of innovative renewable energy technologies places the eu in second place worldwide .


### activities under this cluster contribute in particular to the goals of the energy union , as well as to those of the digital single market , the jobs , growth and investment agenda , the strengthening of the eu as a global actor , the new eu industrial policy strategy , the circular economy , the raw materials initiative , the security union and the urban agenda , as well as the common agricultural policy of the eu as well as eu legal provisions to reduce noise and air pollution . ### activities under this cluster contribute in particular to the goals of the energy union , the eu ' s commitments under the paris agreement , as well as to those of the digital single market , the jobs , growth and investment agenda , the strengthening of the eu as a global actor , the new eu industrial policy strategy , the circular economy , the raw materials initiative , the security union and the urban agenda , as well as the common agricultural policy of the eu , the circular economy action plan as well as eu legal provisions to reduce noise and air pollution .


### the eu aims to be world leader in affordable , secure and sustainable energy technologies improving its competitiveness in global value chains and its position in growth markets . diverse climatic , geographical , environmental and socio - economic conditions in the eu as well as the need to ensure energy security and access to raw materials , dictate a broad portfolio of energy solutions , including of non - technical nature . as regards renewable energy technologies , costs need to decrease further , performance must improve , integration into the energy system must be improved and breakthrough technologies need to be developed . as regards fossil fuels , decarbonising their usage will be essential to meet the climate objectives . ### the eu aims to be world leader in affordable , secure and sustainable renewable energy technologies improving its competitiveness in global value chains and its position in growth markets . diverse climatic , geographical , environmental and socio - economic conditions in the eu as well as the need to save energy , ensure energy security and access to raw materials , dictate a broad portfolio of renewable energy solutions , including of non - technical nature . significant improvements need to be made on system integration . the energy transformation will challenge the eu to lead in developing solutions for an upgraded market design including the provision of grid and system services by renewables . the heating and cooling sector is still one of the most polluting sectors . the energy performance of buildings directive 2018 / 844 leads the way for accelerating the shift away from fossil fuels as source of energy supply to heating and cooling towards renewable energy technologies and solutions . to achieve the necessary deployment levels of renewable energy technologies , costs need to decrease further and performance must improve which requires support for incremental research in advanced technologies . furthermore , new breakthrough technologies need to be developed , while established technologies need to be improved . the phase - out of fossil fuels will be indispensable to meet the climate objectives . there is a pressing need to find solutions that further reduce entry barriers for renewables , including non - technical ones , in order to accelerate the market uptake of renewables .


### –renewable energy technologies and solutions for power generation , heating and cooling , sustainable transport fuels and intermediate carriers , at various scales and development stages , adapted to geographic conditions and markets , both within the eu and worldwide ; ### –renewable energy technologies and solutions for power generation , at various scales and development stages , including intermediate carriers , adapted to geographic conditions and markets , both within the eu and worldwide ;


### the expected growth of variable electricity production and shift towards more electric heating , cooling and transport dictates the need for new approaches to manage energy grids . next to decarbonisation , the goal is to ensure energy affordability , security and stability of supply , achieved through investments in innovative network infrastructure technologies and innovative system management . energy storage in different forms will play a key role in providing services to the grid , also improving and reinforcing network capacities . exploiting synergies between different networks and actors will be crucial for enabling the smart , integrated operation of the relevant infrastructures . ### the expected growth of variable renewable electricity production and shift towards more electric heating , cooling and transport dictates the need for new approaches to manage energy grids . future electricity networks play a key role for the transition to a 100% renewables based highly energy efficient electricity system , while providing additional flexibility and cost benefits to consumers . next to the reduction of ghg emissions , the goal is to ensure energy affordability , energy savings , security and stability of supply , achieved through investments in sector coupling and related innovative network infrastructure technologies and innovative system management . energy storage in different forms will play a key role in providing services to the grid , also improving and reinforcing network capacities . exploiting synergies between different networks and actors and increase demand - response will be crucial for enabling the smart , integrated operation of the relevant infrastructures .


### –network flexibility and synergies between the different energy sources , networks , infrastructures and actors ; ### –network flexibility , including demand - response , and synergies between the different variable renewable energy sources , networks , infrastructures and actors ;


### buildings and industry installations play an increasingly active role in their interaction with the energy system . therefore , they are crucial elements in the transition to renewable energy . ### buildings and industry installations play an increasingly active role in their interaction with the energy system . therefore , they are crucial partners in the transition to a highly energy efficient and renewables - based energy system and , a net zero - ghg emission economy . .


### buildings are an important factor for quality of life of citizens . integrating different technologies , appliances and systems and linking various energy uses , buildings as well as their inhabitants and users represent a very high potential for energy generation , storage and efficiency improvements . ### buildings are an important factor for quality of life of citizens . integrating different technologies , appliances and systems and linking various energy uses , buildings as well as their inhabitants and users represent a very high potential for climate mitigation , renewable energy generation , energy savings , storage and efficiency improvements .


### –electricity and heat between an industrial plant and an energy system operator ; ### –electricity and heat exchanges between an buildings , industrial plant and an energy system operator ; ;


### –relevant processes , design and materials ; ### –optimisation and sustainability of construction processes , design and materials ;


### –buildings life - cycle design , construction , operation and dismantling , taking into account circularity and environmental performance , for energy and resource efficiency , climate resilience , and recycling ; ### –buildings life - cycle design , construction , operation and dismantling , construction with light - weight and renewable materials , taking into account circularity and environmental performance and sustainability , for energy and resource efficiency , climate resilience and adaptation , impact in terms of ghg emissions and recycling


### –new business models , approaches and services for renovation financing , enhancement of construction skills , engagement of buildings occupants and other market actors ; ### –new business models , approaches and services for renovation financing , enhancement of construction skills , engagement of buildings occupants and other market actors , such as local authorities or renewable energy communities ;


### it is estimated that by 2050 , more than 80% of the eu ' s population will live in urban areas , consuming the lion ' s share of available resources , including energy , and being areas particularly vulnerable to the adverse meteorological change impacts worsen by climate change and natural disasters already now and increasingly in the future . a key challenge is to significantly increase the overall energy and resource efficiency as well as climate - resilience of europe ' s cities in a holistic fashion , targeting the building stock , energy systems , mobility , climate change , as well as water , soil , air quality , waste and noise . synergies with erdf - funded urban policy and actions should be investigated and exploited . ### it is estimated that by 2050 , more than 80% of the eu ' s population will live in urban areas , consuming the lion ' s share of available resources , including energy , and being areas particularly vulnerable to the adverse meteorological change impacts worsen by climate change and natural disasters already now and increasingly in the future . a key challenge is to significantly increase the overall energy and resource efficiency as well as climate - resilience of europe ' s cities and communities in a holistic fashion , targeting the building stock , transport and mobility , climate mitigation , as well as water , soil , air quality , waste and noise , whilst improving social inclusion , security , integration and attractiveness . synergies with erdf - funded urban policy and actions should be investigated and exploited .


### –city / district energy / mobility systems towards the eu - wide deployment of low - carbon , positive energy districts and zero - emission mobility and logistics by 2050 , boosting the global competitiveness of integrated eu solutions ; ### –city / district / rural areas’ adapted energy / mobility systems towards the eu - wide deployment of low - carbon , positive energy districts and zero - emission mobility and logistics by 2050 , boosting the global competitiveness of integrated solutions ;


### –urban planning , infrastructures and systems including mutual interfaces and interoperability , nature - based solutions and the use of digital technologies and space based services and data , taking into account the effects of projected climate change and integrate climate resilience ; ### –urban and rural planning , infrastructures and systems including mutual interfaces and interoperability , nature - based solutions , modal shift and the use of secure digital technologies and space based services and open data , taking into account the effects of projected climate change and integrate climate mitigation to create inclusive societies ;


### –quality of life for the citizens , safe mobility , urban social innovation , cities ' circular and regenerative capacity , reduced environmental footprint and pollution ; ### –quality of life for the citizens , safe consolidated and time efficient multi - modal mobility including walking and cycling , urban and rural social innovation , behavioural change and non - technological solutions , cities ' circular and regenerative capacity , renewable energy use , reduced environmental impact and pollution ;


### the shift towards clean technologies , connectivity and automation will depend on the timely design and manufacture of aircraft , vehicles and vessels integrating different technologies and accelerating their introduction . increasing comfort , efficiency , affordability , while minimising lifecycle impact on the environment , human health and on energy use remain objectives of paramount importance . innovative , highly capable transport infrastructure is essential for the proper functioning of all transport modes in view of increased mobility demand and rapidly changing technology regimes . an integrated approach to infrastructure and vehicle / vessel / aircraft development deserves particular attention also in order to minimise energy and environmental impact . ### the shift towards renewable technologies , connectivity and automation will depend on the timely design and manufacture of aircraft , vehicles and vessels integrating different technologies and accelerating their introduction . increasing comfort , efficiency , affordability , while minimising lifecycle impact on the climate , the environment , human health and on energy use remain objectives of paramount importance . innovative , highly capable transport infrastructure is essential for the proper functioning of all transport modes in view of increased mobility demand and rapidly changing technology regimes . an integrated approach to infrastructure and vehicle / vessel / aircraft development deserves particular attention also in order to minimise energy , climate and environmental impact .


### –vehicle / vessel / aircraft concepts and designs , including their spare parts , using improved materials and structures , efficiency , energy storage and recovery , safety and security features with less environment and health impact . ### –vehicle / vessel / aircraft concepts and designs , including renewable energy , their spare parts and software updates , using improved materials and structures , software solutions , efficiency , energy storage and recovery , safety and security features with minimised environment and health impact .


### for the eu to reach its air quality , climate , and energy goals , including a 60% reduction in green - house gas emissions by 2050 as well as noise reduction , will require rethinking the whole mobility system including users , vehicles , fuels and infrastructures . it will also require the deployment of low - emission alternative energies and market uptake of zero - emission vehicles / vessels / aircrafts . in addition to the harmful effects of greenhouse gas emissions , transport contributes significantly to poor air quality and noise in europe with negative consequences for the health of citizens18 . building on progress with electrification and the use of fuel cells for cars , buses and light duty vehicles it is essential to accelerate research and innovation solutions for other sectors such as aviation , maritime and inland navigation and lorries . _________________ 18 around one - third of eu citizens live in urban areas with concentration levels of pollutants above legal thresholds ### for the eu to reach its air quality , climate , and energy goals , including a net - zero ghg emission economy by 2050 at the latest as well as noise reduction , will require rethinking the whole mobility system including users , vehicles , fuels , efficiency , and infrastructures and space use . it will also require the deployment of renewable alternatives to all fossil - based - energies and market uptake of zero - emission vehicles / vessels / aircrafts . in addition to the harmful effects of greenhouse gas emissions , transport contributes significantly to poor air quality and noise in europe with negative consequences for the health of citizens18 . building on progress with electrification and the use of fuel cells for cars , buses , trucks and light duty vehicles it is essential to accelerate research and innovation solutions for other sectors such as aviation , maritime and inland navigation and heavy duty vehicles . _________________ 18 around one - third of eu citizens live in urban areas with concentration levels of pollutants above legal thresholds


### –electrification of all transport modes including new technologies for vehicle / vessel / aircraft powertrains , fast charging / refuelling , energy harvesting and user - friendly and accessible interfaces with the charging infrastructure , ensuring interoperability and seamless services provision ; development and deployment of competitive , safe , high - performing and sustainable batteries for low and zero - emission vehicles ; ### –electrification of all transport modes including new technologies for vehicle / vessel / aircraft powertrains , fast charging / refuelling , energy harvesting and user - friendly and accessible interfaces with the charging infrastructure , ensuring interoperability and seamless services provision ; development and deployment of competitive , safe , high - performing , recyclable and sustainable batteries for zero - emission vehicles produced from 100% renewable energy ;


### –reducing the impact of mobility on the environment and human health . ### –minimising the impact of mobility on the environment and human health .


### smart mobility will help ensure the efficiency , safety and resilience of door - to - door mobility and all its components , in particular by using digital technologies , advanced satellite navigation , and artificial intelligence . new technologies will help to optimise the use and efficiency of transport infrastructure and networks , improving multi - modality and connectivity , optimising traffic management and enable innovative transport solutions and services , thus reducing congestion and negative environmental impacts , providing better mobility and logistics services for citizens and businesses . connected and automated mobility together with the enabling infrastructure will improve efficiency and safety in all transport modes . . ### smart mobility will help ensure the efficiency , safety and resilience of door - to - door mobility and all its components , in particular by using new digital technologies , advanced satellite navigation , and artificial intelligence . new system of system technologies will help to optimise the use and efficiency of transport infrastructure and networks , improving multi - modality and connectivity , optimising use traffic management and space use and enable innovative transport solutions and services , thus reducing congestion and negative environmental impacts , providing better mobility and logistics services for citizens and businesses . connected and automated mobility together with the enabling infrastructure will improve efficiency and safety in all


### –digital network - and traffic management : advanced decision support systems ; next generation traffic management ; contributing to seamless , multimodal and interconnected mobility for passengers and freight ; use and limitations of big data ; use of innovative satellite positioning / navigation ; ### –digital network , vehicle , traffic and space usage management advanced decision support systems ; next generation traffic management ; vehicle health management and services on demand contributing to seamless , multimodal and interconnected mobility for passengers and freight ; use and limitations of big data ; use of innovative satellite positioning / navigation ;


### –rail technologies and operations for a high - capacity , silent , interoperable , and automated railway system ; ### –rail technologies and operations for a high - capacity , silent , interoperable , cross - border and automated railway system ;


### massive , concentrated and decentralised storage solutions for the energy system will increase efficiency , flexibility , technology independence and accessibility as well as the security of supply . low - emission , decarbonised transport will require a growing share of electrical and / or other alternatively fuelled vehicles , with better - performing and cheaper , recyclable and reusable batteries , as well as local provision of synthetic / renewable fuels such as hydrogen and innovative solutions for on - site storage . ### massive , concentrated and decentralised storage solutions for the energy system will increase efficiency , flexibility , technology independence and accessibility as well as the security of supply . emission free transport will require a growing share of electrical and / or other alternatively fuelled vehicles , with better - performing and cheaper , highly recyclable and reusable batteries , that have a low environmental impact , as well as local provision of renewable based synthetic fuels such as renewable hydrogen and innovative solutions for on - site storage . innovations in this area are highly dependent on access to several critical raw materials .


### –technologies including liquid and gaseous renewable fuels and their associated value chains , for daily to seasonal energy storage needs ; ### –technologies including liquid and gaseous renewable fuels and their associated value chains , for daily to seasonal energy storage needs , including their impacts on the environment and climate ;


### –batteries and the eu value chain , including design , large - scale battery cell production technologies , reuse and recycling methods ; ### –batteries and the eu value chain , including design , sustainable supply of raw materials , large - scale battery cell production technologies , 100% renewable energy based production , high power and high energy density , fast charging rates , low environmental impact , reuse and high recyclability


### human activities are exerting increasing pressure on soils , seas and oceans , water , air , biodiversity and other natural resources . nourishing the planet ' s growing population is directly dependent on the health of natural systems and resources . however , combined with climate change , humanity ' s growing demand for natural resources creates environmental pressures that go far beyond sustainable levels , affecting ecosystems and their capacity to provide services for human well - being . the concepts of the circular economy , the bioeconomy and the blue economy provide an opportunity to balance environmental , social and economic goals and to set human activities on a path to sustainability . ### human activities are exerting increasing pressure on soils , seas and oceans , water , air , biodiversity and other natural resources . nourishing the planet ' s growing population is directly dependent on the health of natural systems and resources as the factors of agricultural production include both renewable and non - renewable natural resources . however , combined with climate change , humanity ' s growing demand for natural resources creates environmental pressures that go far beyond sustainable levels , affecting ecosystems and inhibiting their capacity to provide services maintaining human well - being in the long term . any production system that degradates the natural will not be sustainable , nor productive in the long - term and therefore not competitive . a functioning and prosperous ecosystem is the very basis for all resource utilization . recognising the large volume of well recognised existing scientific evidence on the link between degradation of the natural resource base , including biodiversity , and the functioning of natural and semi - natural ecosystems to provide essential services to society and acting on solutions proposed as a result of that science is crucial . the concepts of the circular economy , agroecology , sustainable bioeconomy and blue economy provide an opportunity to balance environmental , social and economic goals and to set human activities on a path to sustainability


### human activities are exerting increasing pressure on soils , seas and oceans , water , air , biodiversity and other natural resources . nourishing the planet ' s growing population is directly dependent on the health of natural systems and resources . however , combined with climate change , humanity ' s growing demand for natural resources creates environmental pressures that go far beyond sustainable levels , affecting ecosystems and their capacity to provide services for human well - being . the concepts of the circular economy , the bioeconomy and the blue economy provide an opportunity to balance environmental , social and economic goals and to set human activities on a path to sustainability . ### human activities are exerting increasing pressure on soils , seas and oceans , water , air , biodiversity and other natural resources . nourishing the planet ' s growing population and maintaining human well - being is directly dependent on agriculture and food production as well as the health of natural systems and sustainable use of resources . however , combined with climate change , humanity ' s growing demand for natural resources creates environmental pressures that go far beyond sustainable levels , affecting ecosystems and their capacity to provide services for human well - being . the concepts of the circular economy , agroecology , the bioeconomy and the blue economy provide an opportunity to balance environmental , social and economic goals and to set human activities on a path to sustainability .


### meeting the goals of sustainable development , guaranteeing the production and consumption of safe and healthy food , promoting sustainable practices in agriculture , aquaculture , fisheries and forestry , ensuring access to clean water , soil and air for all , cleaning up the seas and oceans , preserving and restoring the planet’s vital natural systems and environment requires that we harness the potential of research and innovation . but the pathways for the transition to sustainability and ways to overconme reslient barriers are hardly understood . making the transition to sustainable consumption and production and restoring planetary health requires investing in technologies , new business models , and social and environmental innovation . this creates new opportunities for a sustainable , resilient , innovative and responsible european economy , boosting resource efficiency , productivity and competitiveness , and generating jobs and growth . ### meeting the goals of sustainable development and ghg emission reduction , guaranteeing the production and consumption of safe and healthy food , promoting sustainable practices in agriculture , aquaculture , fisheries and forestry , ensuring access to clean water , soil and air for all , cleaning up the seas and oceans , preserving and restoring the planet’s vital natural systems and environment requires that we harness the potential of research and innovation . but the pathways for the transition to sustainability and ways to overcome resilient barriers are hardly understood . making the transition to sustainable production and consumption and restoring ecosystems and natural resources , strengthening , reinforcing and nourishing the resource base requires shifting out of societal lock - ins , identifying and implementing paths to internalize environmental costs in our economies , gathering more and better quality data on the impact of different policies and social and environmental innovation developing and up - scaling new business models , and investing in technologies to support these . this creates new opportunities for a sustainable , resilient , innovative and responsible european economy , boosting resource efficiency and the capacity and status of natural resources , long - term productivity and therefore long - term competitiveness , maintaining rural viability , and generating jobs and sustainable wealth .


### research and innovation activities under this cluster contribute in particular to the implementation of the goals of : the environmental action programme , the common agricultural policy , the common fisheries policy , the food law legislation , the maritime policy , the circular economy action plan , the eu bioeconomy strategy , and the 2030 climate and energy framework as well as eu legal provisions to reduce air pollution . ### research and innovation activities under this cluster contribute in particular to the implementation of the goals of : the environmental action programme , the common agricultural policy , the common fisheries policy , the food law legislation , the maritime policy , the circular economy action plan , the eu bioeconomy strategy , the eu 2020biodiversity strategy , the eu green infrastructure strategy and the eu’s climate and energy framework in consistency with the paris agreement as well as eu legal provisions to reduce air pollution .


### –biodiversity status , ecosystem protection , climate mitigation and adaptation , food security , agriculture and forestry , land use and land use change , urban and peri - urban development , natural resources management , ocean exploitation and conservation , maritime security , and other relevant domains ; ### –biodiversity status , ecosystem protection , climate mitigation and adaptation , carbon storage in soils and water , changes in soil quality and degradation / erosion , food security , agriculture and forestry , land use and land use change , urban and peri - urban development , natural resources management , ocean exploitation and conservation , maritime security , and other relevant domains ;


### –ecotoxicology of compounds and new pollutants , their interactions and environmental behaviour , and altered biochemical loops under changing climate ; ### –ecotoxicology of compounds and new pollutants , chemical substances and their interactions and environmental behaviour including synergistic actions , and altered biochemical loops under changing climate ;


### resilient and sustainable farming and forestry systems provide economic , environmental and social benefits in a changing context for primary production . in addition to contributing to food and nutrition security , they feed into dynamic value chains , manage land and natural resources as well as deliver a range of vital public goods including carbon sequestration , biodiversity preservation , pollination and public health . integrated approaches are needed to promote the multiple functions of agro - and forest systems taking into account the changing context for primary production , notably in relation to climate and environment , resource availability , demography and consumption patterns . it is also necessary to address the spatial and socio - economic dimension of agriculture and forestry activities and mobilise the potential of rural areas . ### resilient and sustainable farming and forestry systems provide economic , environmental and social benefits in a changing context for primary production . in addition to contributing to food and nutrition security , they feed into dynamic value chains , manage land and natural resources as well as deliver a range of vital public goods including carbon storage , biodiversity preservation , pollination , pest control and public health and wellbeing . . integrated approaches are needed to promote the multiple functions of agro - and forest systems taking into account the changing context for primary production , notably in relation to climate and environment , resource availability , demography and consumption patterns . this presupposes acquiring a better scientific understanding of the impact of different farming systems on the preservation / loss of biodiversity and ecosystems and of the ecosystem services provided by different farming systems . it is also necessary to address the spatial and socio - economic dimension of agriculture and forestry activities and mobilise the potential of rural areas .


### –plant pests and diseases and animal health and welfare ; alternatives to the use of contentious pesticides , antibiotics and other substances ; ### –plant pests and diseases and animal health and welfare ; including the development of integrated and organic farming strategies to plant and animal health care , alternatives to the use of pesticides , antibiotics and other substances and how to combine them ; avoiding routine prophylaxis , or systematic blanket uses for both antibiotics and pesticides ;


### seas and oceans ' natural capital and ecosystem services offer significant socio - economic and welfare benefits . this potential is at risk because of the severe pressure from human and natural stressors such as pollution , overfishing , climate change , sea - level rise and extreme weather events . to prevent seas and oceans from reaching a point of no return , it is necessary to strengthen our knowledge and understanding in order to sustainably manage , protect and restore marine and coastal ecosystems and prevent marine pollution , in a context of an improved and responsible ocean governance framework . this will also include research to sustainably unlock the vast and unexploited economic potential of seas and oceans aiming at producing more food without increasing pressures on them , and also contribute to alleviate pressure on land , freshwater and ocean resources . there is a need for partnering approaches , including sea basin and macro - regional strategies , extending beyond the eu ; and for contributing to international ocean governance commitments , initiatives like the united nations decade of ocean science for sustainable development and commitments linked to the conservation of marine biological diversity in areas beyond national jurisdiction . ### the sea oceans and inland waters’ rich biodiversity is the basis for all life on earth . it also offers significant socio - economic and welfare benefits . this potential is at risk because of the severe pressure from human stressors such as pollution , overfishing , climate change , sea - level rise other water use and extreme weather events . to prevent seas and oceans from reaching a point of no return , it is necessary to strengthen our knowledge and understanding in order to protect and restore marine and coastal ecosystems to a good environmental status , prevent marine pollution and sustainably manage the resources we need , in a context of an improved and responsible ocean governance framework . there is a need for partnering approaches , including sea basin and macro - regional strategies , extending beyond the eu ; and for contributing to international ocean governance commitments , the sustainable development goals , initiatives like the united nations decade of ocean science for sustainable development and commitments linked to the conservation of marine biological diversity in areas beyond national jurisdiction .


### –sustainable sea and ocean farming , fisheries and mariculture for food , including alternative sources of protein with increased food security , food sovereignty and climate resilience ; ### –sustainable fisheries and responsible aquaculture for food , including alternative sources of protein with increased food security , food sovereignty and climate resilience ; this should include sustainability or not of sourcing products of deforestation , and also for fish feed in aquaculture that covers hormones and antibiotics ;


### –strengthened resilience of marine ecosystems thereby ensuring seas and ocean health , combating and mitigating the effects of natural and human pressures like pollution and plastics , eutrophication , acidification , seas and oceans warming , sea level rise , considering the intersection between land and sea and fostering a circular approach ; ### –strengthened resilience of marine ecosystems thereby ensuring a good environmental status of seas and ocean , combating and mitigating the effects of human pressures like pollution , chemicals and plastics including microplastics , overfishing , eutrophication , acidification , seas and oceans warming , sea level rise , considering the intersection between land and sea and fostering a circular approach ;


### –sustainable biomass sourcing and production systems , focusing on high - value applications and uses , social and environmental sustainability , impact on climate and biodiversity reduction targets and overall resource efficiency ; ### –sustainable and equitable biomass sourcing and production systems , focusing on high - value applications and uses , social and environmental sustainability , impact on climate and biodiversity loss , including in third countries , in particular developing countries , and overall resource efficiency while taking account of the precautionary principle


### –bio - based value chains , materials , including bio - inspired materials , products and processes with novel qualities , functionalities and improved sustainability , fostering the development of advanced biorefineries using a wider range of biomass ; ### –bio - based value chains , materials , including bio - inspired materials , products and processes with novel qualities , functionalities and improved sustainability , fostering the development of advanced biorefineries using shorter supply chains of biomass and waste streams ;


### –circularity of the bio - based economy through technological , systemic , social and business model innovation to radically increase the value generated per unit of biological resources , keeping the value of such resources in the economy for longer and supporting the principle of the cascading use of sustainable biomass through research and innovation ; ### –circularity of the bio - based economy through technological , systemic , social and business model innovation to radically increase the value and utilisation of biological resources , keeping the value of such resources in a circular and resource efficient economy for longer time


### circular production and consumption systems will provide benefits to the european economy by reducing resource dependency and increasing the competitiveness of enterprises , and to european citizens by creating new job opportunities and reducing pressures on the environment and climate . beyond industrial transformation , the transition to a low - emission , resource efficient and circular economy will also need a broader system shift that requires systemic eco - innovative solutions , new business models , markets and investments , enabling infrastructure , social innovation changes in consumer behaviour , and governance models stimulating multi - stakeholder collaboration to ensure that the intended system change achieves better economic , environmental and social outcomes22 . opening for international cooperation will be important for comparability , generating and sharing knowledge and avoiding duplication of efforts , e . g . through international initiatives such as the international resource panel . _________________ 22 the activities in circular systems area of intervention are complementary to those of low - carbon and clean industry in the digital and industry cluster . ### circular production and consumption systems will provide benefits to the european economy by reducing resource dependency and increasing the competitiveness of enterprises , and to european citizens by creating new job opportunities and reducing pressures on the environment and climate . beyond industrial transformation , the transition to a net - zero ghg emission , resource efficient and circular economy will also need a broader system shift that requires systemic eco - innovative solutions , new business models , markets and investments , enabling infrastructure , social innovation changes in consumer behaviour , and governance models stimulating multi - stakeholder collaboration to ensure that the intended system change achieves better economic , environmental and social outcomes22 . opening for international cooperation will be important for comparability , generating and sharing knowledge and avoiding duplication of efforts , e . g . through international initiatives such as the international resource panel . _________________ 22 the activities in circular systems area of intervention are complementary to those of low - carbon and clean industry in the digital and industry cluster .


### –systemic transition to a resource - efficient and circular economy , with new paradigms in consumer interaction , new business models for resource efficiency and environmental performance ; products and services stimulating resource efficiency during the whole lifecycle ; systems for sharing , reuse , repair , remanufacturing , recycling and composting ; ### –systemic transition to a resource - efficient and circular economy , with new paradigms in consumer interaction , new business models for resource efficiency and environmental performance ; products and services stimulating resource and energy efficiency during the whole lifecycle ; systems for sharing , reuse , repair , remanufacturing , recycling and composting ;


### –solutions for sustainable and regenerative development of cities , peri - urban areas and regions , integrating the circular economy transformation with nature - based solutions , technological , digital , social , cultural and territorial governance innovations ; ### –solutions for sustainable and regenerative development of cities , peri - urban areas and regions , urban - rural integration , integrating the circular economy transformation with nature - based solutions , technological , digital , social , cultural and territorial governance innovations ;


### knowledge and data are growing exponentially . if policy makers are to make sense and use of this they must be reviewed and filtered . there is also a need for cross - cutting scientific methods and analytical tools for use by all commission services , especially to anticipate upcoming societal challenges and support better regulation . this includes innovative processes to engage stakeholders and citizens in policy - making issues . ### knowledge and data are growing exponentially . if policy makers are to make sense and use of this they must be reviewed and filtered . there is also a need for cross - cutting scientific methods and analytical tools for use by all commission services , especially to anticipate upcoming societal challenges and support better regulation . this includes innovative processes to engage stakeholders , in particular civil society and citizens in policy - making issues .


### inclusive and secure society ### inclusive society


### –research on inequality , poverty and exclusion , social mobility , cultural diversity , and skills ; assessment of social , demographic and technological transformations on the economy and on society ; ### –research on inequality , poverty and exclusion , social mobility , impacts of urbanisation and rural depopulation , cultural diversity , and skills ; assessment of social , demographic and technological transformations on the economy and on society ;


### –assessment of risks in vulnerable ecosystems and critical economic sectors and infrastructure , with focus on adaptation strategies ; ### –assessment of risks in vulnerable ecosystems and critical economic sectors and infrastructure , with focus on mitigation and adaptation strategies ;


### like its predecessors , innovation is at the heart of horizon europe . the quest for new ideas , products and processes is driving horizon europe objectives and implementing modalities , from strategic programming to calls , and is present from the onset to the end of any project supported , from ' blue - sky ' research to industrial or technological roadmaps and missions . ### like its predecessors , innovation is at the heart of horizon europe . the quest for new ideas , products and processes is driving horizon europe objectives and implementing modalities , from strategic programming to calls , and is present from the onset to the end of any project supported , from ' blue - sky ' research to industrial , societal or technological roadmaps and missions .


### the objective of the eic is to identify , develop and deploy breakthrough and disruptive innovations , and support the rapid scale - up of innovative firms at eu and international levels along the pathway from ideas to market . ### the objective of the eic is to identify , develop and deploy disruptive innovations , which are high risk and / or require patient capital , and support the rapid scale - up of innovative firms , in particular smes and small start - ups , at eu and international levels along the pathway from ideas to market .


### to fully harness the potential of innovation involving researchers , entrepreneurs , industry and society at large , the eu must improve the environment within which innovation can flourish at all levels . this will mean contributing to the development of an effective innovation ecosystem at eu level , and encouraging cooperation , networking , and the exchange of ideas , funding and skills among national and local innovation ecosystems . ### to fully harness the potential of innovation involving researchers , entrepreneurs , industry and society at large , the eu must improve the environment within which innovation can flourish at all levels . this will mean contributing to the development of an effective innovation ecosystem at eu level , and encouraging cooperation , networking , and the exchange of ideas , developing open innovation processes , funding and skills among national and local innovation ecosystems .


### the eu must also aim to develop ecosystems that support social innovation and public sector innovation , in addition to innovation in private enterprises . indeed , the government sector must innovate and renew itself in order to be able to support the changes in regulation and governance required to support the large - scale deployment of new technologies and a growing public demand for the more efficient and effective delivery of services . social innovations are crucial to enhance the welfare of our societies . ### the eu must also aim to develop ecosystems that support social innovation , transfer of knowledge between small and big actors and public sector innovation , in addition to innovation in private enterprises . the government sector must innovate and renew itself in order to be able to support the changes in regulation and governance required to support the large - scale deployment of new technologies and a growing public demand for the more efficient and effective delivery of services . in this work , the special needs of different groups should be considered as well as universal design , which means that products , goods and services can be used by anyone , regardless of age , size , ability or disability . social innovations are crucial to enhance the welfare of our societies . as the union’s largest innovation network , the eit will play an important role in the implementation of this priority . the eit connects national and regional innovation ecosystems via its innovation communities . they make the case for desired interregional cooperation by linking innovation ecosystems on a pan - european scale . kics should therefore be used as the basis for the further development of the ecosystems , especially in the fields covered by the activity of the kics . the latter shall benefit in such cases from an additional and adequate funding allowing the efficient implementation of this goal .


### –enhance coordination between national innovation programmes and the eic , so as to stimulate operational synergies and avoid overlap , by sharing data on programmes and their implementation , resources and expertise , analysis and monitoring of technological and innovation trends , and by interconnecting respective innovators ' communities ; ### –enhance coordination between national innovation programmes and the eic as well as the eit , so as to stimulate operational synergies and avoid overlap , by sharing data on programmes and their implementation , resources and expertise , analysis and monitoring of technological and innovation trends , and by interconnecting respective innovators ' communities ;


### the eit will play a reinforced role in strengthening sustainable innovation ecosystems across europe . in particular , the eit will continue to operate primarily through its knowledge and innovation communities , the large - scale european partnerships that address specific societal challenges . it will continue to strengthen innovation ecosystems around them , by fostering the integration of research , innovation and education . furthermore , eit will contribute to bridge existing gaps in innovation performance across europe by expanding its regional innovation scheme . the eit will work with innovation ecosystems that exhibit high innovation potential based on strategy , thematic alignment and impact , in close synergy with smart specialisation strategies and platforms . ### the eit will play a reinforced role in strengthening sustainable innovation ecosystems across europe providing solutions to the most pressing global challenges our societies are facing , as embodied by the sustainable development goals and the paris agreement . in particular , the eit will continue to operate primarily through its knowledge and innovation communities , the large - scale european partnerships that address specific societal challenges . the creation of new kics as well as its timing must be carefully considered not to undermine the efficiency and sustainability of the existing ones and should therefore be accompanied by additional funding . it will continue to strengthen innovation ecosystems around them , by fostering the integration of research , innovation and education . furthermore , eit will contribute to bridge existing gaps in innovation performance across europe by expanding its regional innovation scheme . the eit will work with innovation ecosystems that exhibit high innovation potential based on strategy , thematic alignment and impact , in close synergy with smart specialisation strategies and platforms .


### food and natural resources ### sustainable food , natural resources and the environment '


### the demand for accessible products and services is high and the number of citizens with disabilities and / or functional limitations will increase significantly with the ageing of the european union ' s population . an environment where products and services are more accessible allows for a more inclusive society and facilitates independent living . ### the demand for accessible products and services is high and the number of citizens with disabilities and / or functional limitations will increase significantly with the ageing of the european union ' s population . an environment where products and services are more accessible allows for a more inclusive society and facilitates independent living with disabilities as well as permanent , temporary or situational impairments .


### telephony services , including emergency services and the related consumer terminal equipment with advanced computing capability , shall comply with the requirements set out in section iii of annex i . ### telephony services , including emergency services and the related consumer terminal equipment with advanced computing capability , shall comply with the requirements set out in section iii of annex i . member states shall ensure the availability of at least one text based relay service and one video based relay service , within the entire territory of the member state and continuously , in consultation with users ' organisations , including organisations representing persons with disabilities , that these relay services are interoperable with the telephony services . member states shall also ensure the availability of audio , video and real - time text communication with national , regional , and local emergency services .


### banking services , the websites , the mobile device - based banking services , self - service terminals , including automatic teller machines used for provision of banking services shall comply with the requirements set out in section vi of annex i . ### banking services , the websites , the mobile device - based banking services and payment terminals , self - service terminals , including automatic teller machines used for provision of banking services shall comply with the requirements set out in section vi of annex i .


### where compliance of a product with the applicable accessibility requirements has been demonstrated by that procedure , manufacturers shall draw up an eu declaration of conformity and affix the ce marking . ### where compliance of a product with the applicable accessibility requirements has been demonstrated by that procedure , manufacturers shall draw up an eu declaration of conformity and affix the ce marking . they shall include an additional clear reference to accessibility such as ' accessible product ' .


### manufacturers shall ensure that the product is accompanied by instructions and safety information in a language which can be easily understood by consumers and end - users , as determined by the member state concerned . ### manufacturers shall ensure that the product is accompanied by instructions and safety information in a language which can be easily understood by consumers and end - users , as determined by the member state concerned . the provision of instructions and information to consumers shall be done in accessible and multiple formats .


### self - service terminals : automatic teller machines , ticketing machines and check - in machines ### self - service terminals : automatic teller machines , ticketing machines , parking ticket vending machines , check - in machines and payment terminals


### making websites accessible in a consistent and adequate way for users’ perception , operation and understanding , including the adaptability of content presentation and interaction , when necessary providing an accessible electronic alternative ; and in a way which facilitates interoperability with a variety of user agents and assistive technologies available at union and international level ; ### making websites and online applications accessible in a consistent and adequate way for users’ perception , operation and understanding , including the adaptability of content presentation and interaction , when necessary providing an accessible electronic alternative ; and in a way which facilitates interoperability with a variety of user agents and assistive technologies available at union and international level ;


### making websites accessible in a consistent and adequate way for users ' perception , operation and understanding , including the adaptability of content presentation and interaction , where necessary providing an accessible electronic alternative ; and in a way which facilitates interoperability with a variety of user agents and assistive technologies available at union and international level . ### making websites and online applications accessible in a consistent and adequate way for users ' perception , operation and understanding , including the adaptability of content presentation and interaction , where necessary providing an accessible electronic alternative ; and in a way which facilitates interoperability with a variety of user agents and assistive technologies available at union and international level .


### making websites accessible in a consistent and adequate way for users ' perception , operation and understanding , including the adaptability of content presentation and interaction , when necessary providing an accessible electronic alternative ; and in a way which facilitates interoperability with a variety of user agents and assistive technologies available at union and international level ; ### making websites and online applications accessible in a consistent and adequate way for users ' perception , operation and understanding , including the adaptability of content presentation and interaction , when necessary providing an accessible electronic alternative ; and in a way which facilitates interoperability with a variety of user agents and assistive technologies available at union and international level ;


### banking services ; websites used for provision of banking services ; mobile device - based services ; self - service terminals , including automatic teller machines used for provision of banking services ### banking services ; websites used for provision of banking services ; mobile device - based services ; self - service terminals , including automatic teller machines used for provision of banking services and payment terminals .


### in line with the exceptional market demand for sme financing under the efsi which is expected to continue , the efsi sme window should be enhanced . particular attention should be paid to social enterprises , including through the development and deployment of new instruments . ### in line with the exceptional market demand for sme financing under the efsi which is expected to continue , the efsi sme window should be enhanced . particular attention should be paid to social enterprises and social services , including through the development and deployment of new instruments adequate for the sector ' s needs and specificities .


### with a view to enhancing the transparency of efsi operations , the investment committee should explain in its decisions , which are made public and accessible , the reasons why it deems that an operation should be granted the eu guarantee , with particular focus on compliance with the additionality criterion . the scoreboard of indicators should be made public once an operation under the eu guarantee is signed . ### with a view to enhancing the transparency of efsi operations , the investment committee should explain in its decisions , which are made public and accessible , the reasons why it deems that an operation should be granted the eu guarantee , with particular focus on compliance with the additionality criterion . the scoreboard of indicators should be made public once an operation under the eu guarantee is approved .


### the efsi agreement shall provide that the efsi is to support projects which address market failures or sub - optimal investment situations and which : ### the efsi agreement shall provide that the efsi is to support projects which address market failures or sub - optimal investment situations or have need for high investment to improve delivery on union policies and which :


### social infrastructures and the social and solidarity economy . ### point is replaced by the following : social infrastructures , social services and the social and solidarity economy


### social infrastructures , social and solidarity economy ; ### in paragraph 2 , point point is replaced by the following : quality social infrastructures , social services and social and solidarity economy ;


### the eiah shall be able to provide technical assistance in the areas listed in article 9 , in particular energy efficiency , ten - t and urban mobility . ### subparagraph 2 is replaced by the following : the eiah shall be able to provide technical assistance in the areas listed in article 9 , in particular energy efficiency , ten - t urban mobility and social infrastructure .


### providing pro - active support on the establishment of investment platforms ; ; ### providing pro - active support on the establishment of investment platforms including sectoral investment platforms ;


### an assessment of the extent to which operations covered by this regulation contribute to the achievement of the general objectives set out in article 9 including an assessment of the level of efsi investments in the areas of research , development and innovation and transport , telecommunications , energy infrastructure and energy efficiency ; ### in article 16 , paragraph 2 , point is replaced by the following : an assessment of the extent to which operations covered by this regulation contribute to the achievement of the general objectives set out in article 9 including an assessment of the level of efsi investments in the areas of research , development and innovation and transport , telecommunications , energy infrastructure , energy efficiency and social infrastructure , social services and social and solidarity economy .


### where the origin of a spirit drink is indicated , it shall correspond to the country or territory of origin in accordance with article 60 of regulation no 952 / 2013 of the european parliament and of the council16 . _________________ 16 regulation no 952 / 2013 of the european parliament and of the council of 9 october 2013 laying down the union customs code . ### where the origin of a spirit drink is indicated , it shall correspond to the place or region where the stage in the production process of the finished product which conferred on the spirit drink its character and essential qualities took place .


### this filing system shall record each firearm ' s type , make , model , calibre and serial number , as well as the names and addresses of the supplier and the person acquiring or possessing the firearm . the record of firearms , including deactivated firearms , shall be maintained until destruction of the firearm has been certified by the competent authorities . ### this filing system shall record each firearm ' s type , make , model , calibre and serial number , as well as the names and addresses of the supplier and the person acquiring or possessing the firearm . the filing system shall also include export data . the record of firearms , including deactivated and destroyed firearms , shall be maintained for an indefinite period of time .


### member states shall take all appropriate steps to prohibit the acquisition and the possession of the firearms and ammunition classified in category a and to destroy those firearms and ammunition held in violation of this provision and seized . ### member states shall take all appropriate steps to prohibit the acquisition and the possession of the firearms , ammunition and magazines classified in category a and to destroy those firearms and ammunition held in violation of this provision and seized . in special cases , the competent authorities may grant authorisations for such firearms , ammunition and magazines where this is not contrary to public security or public order .


### the competent authorities of the member states shall exchange information on the authorisations granted for the transfers of firearms to another member state as well as information with regard to refusals to grant authorisations as defined in article 7 . ### the competent authorities of the member states shall by electronic means exchange information on the authorisations granted for the transfers of firearms to another member state as well as information with regard to refusals to grant authorisations as defined in article 7 and in accordance with regulation 2016 / … of the european parliament and of the council1a . ___________________ 1a regulation 2016 / … of the european parliament and of the council on the protection of individuals with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data , and repealing directive 95 / 46 / ec .


### an eu common list of safe countries of origin should be established on the basis of the common criteria set in directive 2013 / 32 / eu as it will facilitate the use by all member states of the procedures linked to the application of the safe country of origin concept and , thereby , increase the overall efficiency of their asylum systems as concerns applications for international protection which are likely to be unfounded . the establishment of an eu common list will also address some of the existing divergences between member states’ national lists of safe countries of origin , whereby applicants for international protection originating from the same third countries are not always subject to the same procedures in the member states . while member states should retain the right to apply or introduce legislation that allows for the national designation of third countries other than those appearing on the eu common list as safe countries of origin , the establishment of such a common list will ensure that the concept is applied by all member states in a uniform manner in relation to applicants whose countries of origin are on this list . this will accordingly facilitate convergence in the application of procedures and thereby also deter secondary movements of applicants for international protection . in that context , the possibility to take in the future further steps of harmonisation that could lead to the elimination of the need for national lists of safe countries of origin should be considered after a period of three years following the entry into force of this regulation , on the basis of a report to be presented by the commission . ### an eu common list of safe countries of origin should be established on the basis of the common criteria set in directive 2013 / 32 / eu as it would facilitate the use by all member states of the procedures linked to the application of the safe country of origin concept and , thereby , increase the overall efficiency of their asylum systems . the establishment of an eu common list is intended to also address some of the existing divergences between member states’ national lists of safe countries of origin , whereby applicants for international protection originating from the same third countries are not always subject to the same procedures in the member states . while member states should temporarily retain the right to apply or introduce legislation that allows for the national designation of third countries other than those appearing on the eu common list as safe countries of origin , the establishment of such a common list would ensure that the concept is applied by all member states in a uniform manner in relation to applicants whose countries of origin are on this list . this would accordingly facilitate convergence in the application of procedures . in that context , further steps of harmonisation would lead to the elimination of the need for national lists of safe countries of origin after a period of five years following the entry into force of this regulation , on the basis of a report to be presented by the commission . the commission shall continually assess and report its findings to the european parliament and to the council regarding the application of this regulation .


### the commission should regularly review the situation in third countries that are on the eu common list of safe countries of origin . in case of sudden change for the worse in the situation of a third country on the eu common list , the power to adopt acts in accordance with article 290 of the treaty on the functioning of the european union should be delegated to the commission in respect of suspending the presence of this third country from the eu common list for a period of one year where it considers , on the basis of a substantiated assessment , that the conditions set by directive 2013 / 32 / eu for regarding a third country as safe country of origin are no longer met . for the purpose of this substantiated assessment , the commission should take into consideration a range of sources of information at its disposal including in particular , its annual progress reports for third countries designated as candidate countries by the european council , regular reports from the european external action service and the information from member states , the european asylum support office , the united nations high commissioner for refugees , the council of europe and other relevant international organisations . the commission should be able to extend the suspension of the presence of a third country from the eu common list for a period of maximum one year , where it has proposed an amendment to this regulation in order to remove this third country from the eu common list of safe countries of origin . it is of particular importance that the commission carry out appropriate consultations during its preparatory work , including at expert level . the commission , when preparing and drawing up delegated acts , should ensure a simultaneous , timely and appropriate transmission of relevant documents to the european parliament and to the council . ### the commission should continually review the situation in third countries that are on the eu common list of safe countries of origin . in case of sudden change for the worse or instability in the democratic system and non - compliance with international human rights treaties in a third country on the eu common list , the power to adopt acts in accordance with article 290 of the treaty on the functioning of the european union should be delegated to the commission in respect of suspending the presence of this third country from the eu common list for a period of one year where it considers , on the basis of a substantiated assessment , that the conditions set by directive 2013 / 32 / eu for regarding a third country as safe country of origin are no longer met . for the purpose of this substantiated assessment , the commission should take into consideration a range of sources of information at its disposal including in particular , its annual progress reports for third countries designated as candidate countries by the european council , regular reports from the european external action service and the information from member states , the european asylum support office , the united nations high commissioner for refugees , the council of europe , other relevant international organisations and national or international non - governmental organisations . the commission should be able to extend the suspension of the presence of a third country from the eu common list for a period of maximum one year , where it has proposed an amendment to this regulation in order to remove this third country from the eu common list of safe countries of origin . should a country be suspended from the eu common list of safe countries of origin for a continuous period of two years , it shall automatically be removed from the list . it is of particular importance that the commission carry out appropriate consultations during its preparatory work , including at expert level . the commission , when preparing and drawing up delegated acts , should ensure a simultaneous , timely and appropriate transmission of relevant documents to the european parliament and to the council .


### this regulation respects the fundamental rights and observes the principles recognized by the charter . ### this regulation respects the fundamental rights and observes the principles recognized by the charter . this regulation shall apply without prejudice to the right to an effective remedy and to a fair trial provided for in article 47 of the charter and to the right to asylum provided for in article 18 of the charter .


### in case of sudden changes in the situation of a third country that is on the eu common list of safe countries of origin , the commission shall conduct a substantiated assessment of the fulfilment by that country of the conditions set in annex i of directive 2013 / 32 / eu and , if those conditions are no longer met , shall adopt , in accordance with article 290 tfue , a decision suspending the presence of that third country from the eu common list for a period of one year . ### in case of sudden changes in the legal , democratic , human rights or political situation of a third country that is on the eu common list of safe countries of origin , the commission shall rapidly conduct a substantiated assessment of the fulfilment by that country of the conditions set in annex i of directive 2013 / 32 / eu . whilst the commission is carrying out the assessment , the country shall be suspended from the list . if the conditions set in annex i of directive 2013 / 32 / eu are no longer met , the commission shall immediately adopt , in accordance with article 290 tfue , a decision suspending the presence of that third country from the eu common list for a period of one year . member states shall amend their national lists accordingly .


### information and communication technologies infrastructures ; ### point is replaced by the following : ‘ information and communication technologies infrastructures , such as energy efficient block chain technologies to create economic incentives for environmentally responsible behaviour ; ’