### 34. calls on the commission to amend the anti-trafficking directive with a view to updating its provisions , including the establishment of specific measures for the prevention and prosecution of trafficking for sexual exploitation as the largest area of thb , to address the use of online technologies in both the proliferation and the prevention of thb , to improve measures for prevention and the early identification of victims , and to strengthen a horizontal gender perspective across all forms of trafficking , as well as to ensure that member states explicitly criminalise the use of all services which involve exploitation; ### deleted


### 34. calls on the commission to amend the anti-trafficking directive with a view to updating its provisions , including the establishment of specific measures for the prevention and prosecution of trafficking for sexual exploitation as the largest area of thb , to address the use of online technologies in both the proliferation and the prevention of thb , to improve measures for prevention and the early identification of victims , and to strengthen a horizontal gender perspective across all forms of trafficking , as well as to ensure that member states explicitly criminalise the use of all services which involve exploitation; ### 34. calls on the commission to amend the anti-trafficking directive with a view to updating its provisions and to introduce new legislation , including laws to tackle demand for sexual exploitation , the establishment of specific measures for the prevention and prosecution of all forms of trafficking , particularly for sexual exploitation , to address the use of online technologies in both the proliferation and the prevention of thb , to improve measures for prevention and the early identification of all victims , and to strengthen a horizontal gender perspective across all forms of trafficking , as well as to ensure that member states explicitly criminalise the use of all services which involve exploitation and to conduct evidence-based research on risk factors and how different policy areas (e.g. labour market governance , migration and mobility , temporary agency work , bogus self-employment , posting of workers) intersect with trafficking in persons in risk sectors;


### 35. emphasises the importance of a coherent approach to improve the identification of potential victims in the context of migration flows and in the hotspots , of improving access to asylum procedures and of ensuring their complementarity with the procedures related to trafficking; calls on the commission to assess the implementation of the anti-trafficking directive and to come forward with proposals to revise it; ### 35. emphasises the importance of a coherent approach to improve the identification of potential victims in the context of migration flows and in the hotspots , of improving access to asylum procedures and of ensuring their complementarity with the procedures related to trafficking;


### 36. calls on the commission and the member states to monitor and assess the risk for the persons being smuggled of becoming victims of trafficking , with a particular focus on the situation of unaccompanied minors and women; underlines , in this context , the need for more legal and safe routes for migration in order to prevent the exploitation of vulnerable people with irregular status; ### deleted


### 36. calls on the commission and the member states to monitor and assess the risk for the persons being smuggled of becoming victims of trafficking , with a particular focus on the situation of unaccompanied minors and women; underlines , in this context , the need for more legal and safe routes for migration in order to prevent the exploitation of vulnerable people with irregular status; ### 36. calls on the commission and the member states to monitor and assess the risk for the persons being smuggled of becoming victims of trafficking , with a particular focus on the situation of unaccompanied children , separated children and women; underlines , in this context , the need for more legal and safe routes for migration in order to prevent the exploitation of vulnerable people with irregular status;


### 37. calls on the commission to include in the new strategy on trafficking in human beings clear steps as regards the appointment of the eu atc; ### deleted


### — having regard to the united nations convention against transnational organised crime (‘the palermo convention’) and the protocols thereto , and , in particular , the protocol to prevent , suppress and punish trafficking in persons , especially women and children (‘the un trafficking protocol’) and the protocol against the smuggling of migrants by land , sea and air , ### — having regard to the united nations convention against transnational organised crime (‘the palermo convention’) and the protocols thereto , and , in particular , the protocol to prevent , suppress and punish trafficking in persons , especially women and children (‘the un trafficking protocol’) ,


### — having regard to the un convention for the suppression of the traffic in persons and of the exploitation of the prostitution of others , ### deleted


### a. whereas trafficking in human beings (thb) constitutes modern-day slavery and is a profound violation of fundamental rights , as outlined in article 5(3) of the charter of fundamental rights of the european union; ### a. whereas trafficking in human beings (thb) is a profound violation of fundamental rights , as outlined in article 5(3) of the charter of fundamental rights of the european union; whereas trafficking is gender-specific;


### 1. points out the need for a coordinated and coherent framework at eu level that guarantees the protection of victims of thb , including through coordinated implementation with the rights conferred by the victims’ rights directive , the residence permit directive and the compensation directive15 ; ### 1. points out the need for a coordinated and coherent framework at eu level that guarantees the protection of victims of thb , including through coordinated implementation with the rights conferred by the victims’ rights directive , the residence permit directive and the compensation directive15 as the lack of harmonised legislation across the eu and differences between member states legislation are indicated as two of the main pull and facilitating factors of human trafficking in the union1a;


### 2. commends the good work done by the eu anti-trafficking coordinator (eu atc) in coordinating the eu’s response to thb and developing knowledge and findings on the various aspects of thb , including research into the gender dimension and the particular vulnerability of children; ### 2. commends the good work done by the 2011-2019 eu anti-trafficking coordinator (eu atc) in coordinating the eu’s response to thb and developing knowledge and findings on the various aspects of thb , including research into the gender dimension and the particular vulnerability of children; calls on the commission to ensure the continuity of that work by appointing a full-time eu anti-trafficking coordinator with a clear mandate and relevant expertise , and a network of national representatives from member states and civil society to ensure consistent cooperation across the eu;


### 2. commends the good work done by the eu anti-trafficking coordinator (eu atc) in coordinating the eu’s response to thb and developing knowledge and findings on the various aspects of thb , including research into the gender dimension and the particular vulnerability of children; ### 2. commends the good work done by the former eu anti-trafficking coordinator (eu atc) in coordinating the eu’s response to thb and developing knowledge and findings on the various aspects of thb , including research into the gender dimension and the particular vulnerability of children;


### 3. stresses the importance of the funding of the asylum , migration and integration fund (amif) and internal security fund (isf) programmes to continue to be used for projects tackling thb , as well as using other available instruments; ### 3. stresses the importance of the funding of the asylum , migration and integration fund (amif) , the daphné fund and internal security fund (isf) programmes to continue to be used for projects tackling thb , as well as using other available instruments; recalls the need for gender specific projects and calls for a comprehensive policy review of projects financed directly by the eu since 2015;


### 3. stresses the importance of the funding of the asylum , migration and integration fund (amif) and internal security fund (isf) programmes to continue to be used for projects tackling thb , as well as using other available instruments; ### 3. stresses the importance of the funding of the daphne fund , the asylum , migration and integration fund (amif) and internal security fund (isf) programmes to continue to be used for projects tackling thb , as well as using other available instruments;


### 4. highlights that the lack of consistent and detailed data continues to hamper the adequate assessment of trends in thb; calls on the member states to collect more up-to-date data disaggregated by age and gender and including internally trafficked people , by compiling statistical information in cooperation with civil society; ### 4. highlights that the collection of relevant data has improved but the lack of consistent and detailed data continues to hamper the adequate assessment of trends in thb; calls on the member states to improve the collection of data and to increase efforts and funding for the research , collection and analysis of data of all forms of trafficking in human beings at eu level disaggregating by age and gender and including internally trafficked people , in due respect for the rights of trafficked persons to privacy and autonomy and to protect their personal data; stresses that the compilation of the statistical information should be done in cooperation with civil society , the european institution for gender equality (eige) and relevant international organisations;


### 4. highlights that the lack of consistent and detailed data continues to hamper the adequate assessment of trends in thb; calls on the member states to collect more up-to-date data disaggregated by age and gender and including internally trafficked people , by compiling statistical information in cooperation with civil society; ### 4. acknowledges the improvement in the collection of consistent and detailed data; calls on the member states to keep improving data by collecting more up-to-date data disaggregated by age and gender and including internally trafficked people , in cooperation with civil society and the european institution for gender equality (eige); calls on the commission to regularly compile and publish such data for the eu;


### 5. urges the commission and the member states to ensure differentiation between trafficking and smuggling , which require different responses in law; highlights that the confusion between them often leads to failings in correctly identifying victims and in ensuring that they can access protection measures and avoid secondary victimisation; ### 5. urges the commission and the member states to ensure differentiation between trafficking in persons and migrant smuggling , which require different responses in law and policy; highlights that the confusion between them often leads to failings in correctly identifying victims and in ensuring that they can access protection measures and avoid secondary victimisation;


### 6. calls on the commission and the member states to monitor the use of digital technologies for thb as the predominant tools used to recruit trafficking victims; ### 6. calls on the commission and the member states to monitor and assess the use of digital technologies for thb as one of the predominant tools used to recruit trafficking victims , and calls on them to promote and support adequate actions focusing in particular on awareness campaigns and training; stresses that all measures aiming at preventing the recruitment of victims or other illegal activities online must be targeted , effective and proportionate , in order not to unduly restrict freedom of expression and confidentiality of communications;


### 7. highlights that the early identification of victims remains one of the main challenges to implementation , and is one of the most crucial in terms of enabling victims to exercise their rights; calls on the member states to give more actors responsibility for identifying victims of thb at all stages of the process , including civil society representatives , immigration and asylum officials , labour inspectors and social workers or healthcare staff; ### 7. highlights that the early identification of victims remains one of the main challenges to implementation , and is one of the most crucial in terms of enabling victims to exercise their rights; notes that the number of identified victims is still too low compared to the real number of victims; calls on the member states to give more actors responsibility for identifying victims of thb at all stages of the process , including civil society representatives , immigration and asylum officials , law enforcement officers , labour inspectors and social workers or healthcare staff , as well as to provide such actors with adequate training;


### 7. highlights that the early identification of victims remains one of the main challenges to implementation , and is one of the most crucial in terms of enabling victims to exercise their rights; calls on the member states to give more actors responsibility for identifying victims of thb at all stages of the process , including civil society representatives , immigration and asylum officials , labour inspectors and social workers or healthcare staff; ### 7. highlights that the early identification of victims remains one of the main challenges to implementation , and is one of the most crucial in terms of enabling victims to exercise their rights; calls on the member states to give more actors responsibility for identifying victims of thb at all stages of the process , including , among others , civil society representatives , immigration and asylum officials , labour inspectors , law enforcement officers and social workers or healthcare staff;


### 8. calls on all member states to effectively guarantee the rights of victims and to support them with a gender-sensitive approach while ensuring complementarity with the victims’ rights directive; notes that the anti-trafficking directive prohibits the criminalisation of victims of thb; ### 8. calls on all member states to effectively guarantee the rights of victims and to support them with a child-sensitive and gender-sensitive approach while ensuring complementarity with the victims’ rights directive; notes that the anti-trafficking directive obliges member states to take the necessary measures to allow authorities not to prosecute or impose sanctions to victims for their involvement in activities they have been compelled to commit , and strongly condemns that victims of thb are still often criminalised or sanctioned in some member states;


### 9. highlights that while the full impact of the covid-19 pandemic is not yet measureable , it is nevertheless clear that the crisis disproportionately affects the most vulnerable victims of thb , especially women and children; ### 9. highlights that while the full impact of the covid-19 pandemic is not yet measureable , it is nevertheless clear that the crisis disproportionately affects the most vulnerable victims of thb , especially women and children and those in irregular and precarious situations; recalls that the root causes driving human trafficking have been exacerbated during the pandemic , pushing vulnerable populations to higher risks of trafficking; that criminals have adapted their operating methods , increasing the advertisement of victims online and exploiting them in private facilities; and that there has been a sharp increase in sex predators targeting children , the exchange of online child abuse material and the demand for child pornography in europe;


### 10. points out the need for a coherent and coordinated national referral mechanism (nrm); underlines that good cooperation between the police and non-governmental organisations (ngos) cannot be a substitute for a fully fledged nrm defining the roles and responsibilities of all relevant actors16 ; ### 10. notes that all member states have in place a national referral mechanism (nrm) and a wide range of instruments for transnational cooperation that contribute to referral of victims of thb; points out the challenges in the coordination of different actors , combined with those posed by the limited trust of the victims , both of which negatively affect effective referral; stresses the need for a fully-functioning national referral mechanism (nrm); underlines that good cooperation between the police and non-governmental organisations (ngos) cannot be a substitute for a fully fledged nrm defining the roles and responsibilities of all relevant actors16 ;


### 10. points out the need for a coherent and coordinated national referral mechanism (nrm); underlines that good cooperation between the police and non-governmental organisations (ngos) cannot be a substitute for a fully fledged nrm defining the roles and responsibilities of all relevant actors16 ; ### 10. notes that all member states have in place a national referral mechanism (nrm) and instruments for transnational cooperation that contribute to referral of victims of thb; points out the challenges in the coordination of different actors , stresses the need for a fully-functioning coherent , coordinated and financially supported national referral mechanism (nrm); underlines that good cooperation between the police and non-governmental organisations (ngos) cannot be a substitute for a fully fledged nrm defining the roles and responsibilities of all relevant actors16 ;


### 11. calls on the commission to monitor and assess the situation of compensation to victims in the member states in terms of access , enforcement and actual payments , and to come forward with specific measures to ensure better access to compensation; ### 11. calls on the commission to monitor and assess the situation of compensation to victims in the member states in terms of access , enforcement and actual payments , and to come forward with specific measures to ensure better and faster access to compensation in all member states , as well as better information and support to victims in order to obtain compensation in another member state; in this regard , stresses the importance of granting victims free legal aid in all member states;


### 11. calls on the commission to monitor and assess the situation of compensation to victims in the member states in terms of access , enforcement and actual payments , and to come forward with specific measures to ensure better access to compensation; ### 11. calls on the commission to monitor and assess the situation of compensation to victims in the member states in terms of access , enforcement and actual payments , and to come forward with specific measures to ensure better access to compensation , without prejudice to other forms of reparation;


### 12. highlights that sexual exploitation remains the most prevalent form of trafficking in the eu since 2008 , as 60 % of victims are trafficked for sexual exploitation; notes that more than 90 % of these victims are women and girls , and that more than 70 % of traffickers are male; ### 12. highlights that sexual exploitation remains the most prevalent form of trafficking in the eu since 2008 , as data shows that between 60 % and 69% of victims are trafficked for sexual exploitation; notes that more than 90 % of these victims are women and girls , and that more than 70 % of traffickers are male;


### 12. highlights that sexual exploitation remains the most prevalent form of trafficking in the eu since 2008 , as 60 % of victims are trafficked for sexual exploitation; notes that more than 90 % of these victims are women and girls , and that more than 70 % of traffickers are male; ### 12. highlights that sexual exploitation remains the most prevalent form of trafficking in the eu since 2008 , as between 60 % and 69 % of victims are trafficked for sexual exploitation; notes that between 90 % and 96 % of these victims are women and girls , and that more than 70 % of traffickers are male;


### 13. urges the member states to adopt specific measures to address violence against women and gender inequalities as the root causes of trafficking; recommends that the commission strengthen and develop the gender dimension in the monitoring of the implementation of eu anti-trafficking legislation; ### 13. urges the member states to adopt specific measures to address violence against women and gender inequalities as the root causes of trafficking , including the social acceptance of sexual exploitation; recommends that the commission strengthen and develop the gender dimension in the monitoring of the implementation of eu anti-trafficking legislation;


### 13. urges the member states to adopt specific measures to address violence against women and gender inequalities as the root causes of trafficking; recommends that the commission strengthen and develop the gender dimension in the monitoring of the implementation of eu anti-trafficking legislation; ### 13. urges the member states to adopt specific measures to address violence against women and gender inequalities as the root causes of trafficking; calls on member states to recognise sex purchase as a form of violence against women and criminalise sex purchase in line with the swedish equality model introduced in 1999;


### 14. calls on the commission , in cooperation with the member states , to examine how the demand for sexual services drives trafficking , as traffickers tend to convey their victims to countries where prostitution is regulated and lawfully practiced , making it much easier for traffickers to use a legal environment in order to exploit their victims17 ; recalls that in some eu member states where prostitution is legal , suspects were able to exploit children alongside adult victims18 ; ### 14. points out that the demand for sexual services drives trafficking , as traffickers tend to convey their victims to countries where prostitution is regulated and lawfully practiced , making it much easier for traffickers to use a legal environment in order to exploit their victims17 ; recalls that in some eu member states where prostitution is legal , suspects were able to exploit children alongside adult victims18 ;


### 15. calls on the commission to prioritise the prevention of the crime of trafficking for sexual exploitation , including through adopting measures and programmes to discourage and reduce demand , and calls on the member states to include the use of the services of victims of trafficking as a criminal offence in their national statutes , as recommended by article 8 of the anti-trafficking directive and reiterated by the commission in 201819 ; ### 15. calls on the commission to prioritise the prevention of the crime of trafficking for sexual exploitation , including through adopting measures and programmes to discourage and reduce demand , and calls on the member states to include the use of the services of victims of trafficking as a criminal offence in their national statutes , as recommended by article 18 of the anti-trafficking directive and reiterated by the commission in 201819 ;


### 15. calls on the commission to prioritise the prevention of the crime of trafficking for sexual exploitation , including through adopting measures and programmes to discourage and reduce demand , and calls on the member states to include the use of the services of victims of trafficking as a criminal offence in their national statutes , as recommended by article 8 of the anti-trafficking directive and reiterated by the commission in 201819 ; ### 15. calls on the commission to prioritise the prevention of the crime of trafficking for sexual exploitation , including through adopting measures and programmes to discourage and reduce demand , and calls on the member states to include the use of the services of victims of trafficking as a criminal offence in their national statutes , as recommended by article 18 of the anti-trafficking directive and reiterated by the commission in 201819;


### 16. urges the member states to focus on the recurring and emerging patterns of thb for sexual exploitation , such as the increasing exploitation of children and the use of the ‘lover boy’ method as the most frequent means of recruiting victims by using online technologies; ### 16. urges the member states to focus on the recurring and emerging patterns of thb for sexual exploitation , such as the increasing exploitation of children and the most frequent means of recruiting victims by using online technologies;


### 17. highlights the importance of gender-sensitive training programmes for officials attending victims to enhance the early identification of those who are victims of trafficking for sexual exploitation and encourages member states to adopt measures to support victims , such as exit programmes , social and professional reintegration or sexual health services; ### 17. highlights the importance of gender-sensitive training programmes for all officials dealing with trafficking cases , investigations and potential victims to enhance the early identification of those who may be victims of trafficking for sexual exploitation and encourages member states to adopt measures to support victims , such as exit programmes , viable social and professional reintegration opportunities and comprehensive sexual health services;


### 17. highlights the importance of gender-sensitive training programmes for officials attending victims to enhance the early identification of those who are victims of trafficking for sexual exploitation and encourages member states to adopt measures to support victims , such as exit programmes , social and professional reintegration or sexual health services; ### 17. highlights the importance of gender-sensitive training programmes for officials attending victims to enhance the early identification of those who are victims of trafficking for sexual exploitation and encourages member states to adopt measures to support victims , such as exit programmes , social and professional reintegration and comprehensive sexual health services;


### 18. emphasises that migration flows can increase the risk for migrants of becoming victims of trafficking within the eu20 ; points out that there has been a sharp increase in the number of women and girls trafficked through the central mediterranean route for sexual exploitation in the eu21 ; ### 18. emphasises that , while the majority of victims are eu nationals , traffickers have been using some migration routes to smuggle trafficking victims into the eu; points out in this regard that there has been a sharp increase in the number of women and girls trafficked through the central mediterranean route for sexual exploitation in the eu1a; calls on the commission and member states for a coherent and coordinated rights-based and gender-sensitive approach to prevent and address human trafficking


### 18. emphasises that migration flows can increase the risk for migrants of becoming victims of trafficking within the eu20 ; points out that there has been a sharp increase in the number of women and girls trafficked through the central mediterranean route for sexual exploitation in the eu21 ; ### 18. emphasises that , while the majority of victims are eu nationals , traffickers have been using migration routes to smuggle trafficking victims into the eu; points out in this regard that there has been a sharp increase in the number of nigerian women and girls trafficked through the central mediterranean route for sexual exploitation in the eu21 ;


### with recommendations to the commission on identifying gender-based violence as a new area of crime listed in article 83(1) tfeu ### (does not affect english version.)


### – having regard to the charter of fundamental rights of the european union , and in particular articles 7 , 8 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 21 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 and 47 thereof , ### – having regard to the charter of fundamental rights of the european union , and in particular articles 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 21 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 47 and 49 thereof ,


### a. whereas equality between women and men is a core value of the union enshrined in article 2 of the treaty on european union (teu); ### a. whereas equality between women and men is a core value of the union enshrined in article 2 of the treaty on european union (teu); whereas the right to equal treatment and non-discrimination is a fundamental right enshrined in the treaties and in the charter of fundamental rights; whereas ending male violence against women and girls is a prerequisite to achieving real equality between women and men;


### c. whereas gender-based violence is violence directed against women because they are women and it affects women disproportionately; whereas lgbti persons are also victims of gender-based violence because of their gender , gender identity , gender expression and sex characteristics; whereas gender-based violence is rooted in gender stereotypes , patriarchal structures and power asymmetries; ### c. whereas gender-based violence is violence directed against women because they are women or that affects women disproportionately; whereas gender-based violence is rooted in historically unequal power relations , gender stereotypes , heteropatriarchal structures and power asymmetries and structural and institutional inequalities; whereas lgbtiq+ persons also suffer violence because of their gender , gender identity , gender expression and sex characteristics;


### c. whereas gender-based violence is violence directed against women because they are women and it affects women disproportionately; whereas lgbti persons are also victims of gender-based violence because of their gender , gender identity , gender expression and sex characteristics; whereas gender-based violence is rooted in gender stereotypes , patriarchal structures and power asymmetries; ### c. whereas gender-based violence is violence directed against women because they are women and it affects women and girls disproportionately; whereas lgbtiq persons are also victims of gender-based violence because of their gender , gender identity , gender expression and sex characteristics; whereas gender-based violence is rooted in gender stereotypes , patriarchal structures and power asymmetries;


### c. whereas gender-based violence is violence directed against women because they are women and it affects women disproportionately; whereas lgbti persons are also victims of gender-based violence because of their gender , gender identity , gender expression and sex characteristics; whereas gender-based violence is rooted in gender stereotypes , patriarchal structures and power asymmetries; ### c. whereas gender-based violence is violence directed against women because they are women or that affects women disproportionately; whereas lgbti persons are also victims of gender-based violence because of their gender , gender identity , gender expression and sex characteristics; whereas gender-based violence is rooted in gender stereotypes , patriarchal structures and power asymmetries;


### d. whereas the european institute for gender equality defines femicide as the killing of women and girls because of their gender; ### d. whereas the european institute for gender equality defines femicide as the killing of women and girls because of their gender; whereas femicides are the extreme manifestation of existing forms of violence against women and represent the ultimate act of violence which is experienced in a continuum of violence; whereas many types of femicides are not counted in the official figures and remain invisible;


### d. whereas the european institute for gender equality defines femicide as the killing of women and girls because of their gender; ### d. whereas the european institute for gender equality defines femicide as the killing of women and girls because of their gender; whereas femicide can take several forms , such as the murder of women as a result of intimate partner violence , killing of women and girls because of their sexual orientation , sex characteristics and gender identity and genital mutilation related deaths;


### e. whereas there is a lack of comprehensive and comparable disaggregated data on all forms of gender-based violence; ### e. whereas there is a lack of comprehensive and comparable disaggregated data on all forms of gender-based violence; whereas the lack of comparable data is also the result of a lack of harmonisation in the definitions linked to gender-based violence; whereas comprehensive and comparable disaggregated data is essential to document gender-based violence and its root causes;


### e. whereas there is a lack of comprehensive and comparable disaggregated data on all forms of gender-based violence; ### e. (does not affect english version.)


### f. whereas union action aiming to eradicate violence against women and girls and other forms of gender-based violence demands that the commission pursue several parallel avenues; ### f. (does not affect english version.)


### f. whereas union action aiming to eradicate violence against women and girls and other forms of gender-based violence demands that the commission pursue several parallel avenues; ### f. whereas union action aiming to eradicate violence against women and girls and other forms of gender-based violence demands that the commission pursue several parallel avenues including proposing the extension of eurocrimes to gender-based violence and at the same time proposing a directive on gender-based violence using article 83(1) tfeu as a legal basis;


### causes and impact of , and ensuring a holistic approach in preventing , gender-based violence ### (does not affect english version.)


### 1. condemns all forms of violence against women and girls and other forms of gender-based violence , such as violence against lgbti persons , and deplores the fact that women and girls continue to be exposed to psychological , physical , sexual and economic violence , including sexual exploitation and trafficking in human beings , both online and offline; ### 1. condemns all forms of violence against women and girls and other forms of gender-based violence , such as violence against lgbtiq persons , and deplores the fact that women and girls continue to be exposed to psychological , physical , sexual and economic violence , including sexual exploitation and trafficking in human beings , both online and offline;


### 1. condemns all forms of violence against women and girls and other forms of gender-based violence , such as violence against lgbti persons , and deplores the fact that women and girls continue to be exposed to psychological , physical , sexual and economic violence , including sexual exploitation and trafficking in human beings , both online and offline; ### 1. condemns all forms of gender-based violence against women and girls and all forms of violence against lgbtiq+ persons and deplores the fact that women and girls continue to be exposed to psychological , physical , sexual and economic violence , including sexual exploitation and trafficking in human beings , both online and offline;


### 1. condemns all forms of violence against women and girls and other forms of gender-based violence , such as violence against lgbti persons , and deplores the fact that women and girls continue to be exposed to psychological , physical , sexual and economic violence , including sexual exploitation and trafficking in human beings , both online and offline; ### 1. condemns all forms of violence against women and girls and other forms of gender-based violence , such as violence against lgbti persons on the grounds of gender , gender identity , gender expression or sex characteristics , and deplores the fact that women and girls continue to be exposed to psychological , physical , sexual and economic violence , including sexual exploitation and trafficking in human beings , both online and offline;


### 2. denounces femicide as the more extreme form of gender-based violence against women and girls and a very severe violation of human rights; ### 2. (does not affect english version.)


### 3. stresses that violence against women and other forms of gender-based violence are the result of the unequal distribution of power , patriarchal structures , and gender stereotypes , that have led to domination over and discrimination against women by men; underlines that this situation is aggravated by social and economic inequalities; ### 3. stresses that gender-based violence against women is the result of the unequal access and distribution of power , resources , heteropatriarchal structures , gender stereotypes and discriminatory gender norms , that have led to domination over and discrimination against women by men; underlines that this situation is aggravated by social and economic inequalities and significant reductions in public spending; highlights that heteropatriarchy and gender inequalities put lesbian , bisexual trans and intersex women at risk of violence;


### 3. stresses that violence against women and other forms of gender-based violence are the result of the unequal distribution of power , patriarchal structures , and gender stereotypes , that have led to domination over and discrimination against women by men; underlines that this situation is aggravated by social and economic inequalities; ### 3. stresses that violence against women and other forms of gender-based violence are the result of the unequal distribution of power , patriarchal structures , and gender stereotypes , that have led to domination over and discrimination against women by men as well as violence directed towards lgbti people; underlines that this situation is aggravated by social and economic inequalities that led to pay and pension gaps , the feminization of precarious work and more precarious living conditions for women;


### 3. stresses that violence against women and other forms of gender-based violence are the result of the unequal distribution of power , patriarchal structures , and gender stereotypes , that have led to domination over and discrimination against women by men; underlines that this situation is aggravated by social and economic inequalities; ### 3. (does not affect english version.)


### 4. underlines the wide range of psychological impacts that gender-based violence has on victims , including stress , concentration problems , anxiety , panic attacks , low self-esteem , depression , post-traumatic stress disorder , lack of trust and of sense of control; recalls that gender-based violence also has a social and economic impact; ### 4. underlines the wide range of impacts that gender-based violence has on victims , including stress , concentration problems , anxiety , panic attacks , low self-esteem , depression , post-traumatic stress disorder , lack of trust and of sense of control , as well as fear or even suicidal thoughts; recalls that gender-based violence also has democratic , social and economic impacts , such as the loss of jobs or the withdrawal from public life , which reinforce the disadvantaged position of women; stresses that gender-based violence is exercised as a form of coercive control over women which prevents their full civic participation and the free development of their lives;


### 4. underlines the wide range of psychological impacts that gender-based violence has on victims , including stress , concentration problems , anxiety , panic attacks , low self-esteem , depression , post-traumatic stress disorder , lack of trust and of sense of control; recalls that gender-based violence also has a social and economic impact; ### 4. (does not affect english version.)


### 5. stresses that the council of europe convention on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence (the ‘istanbul convention’) remains the international standard and a key tool for the eradication of gender-based violence by following a holistic and coordinated approach that places the rights of the victim at the centre and addresses the issues from a wide range of perspectives; ### 5. stresses that the council of europe convention on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence (the ‘istanbul convention’) remains the international standard and a key tool for the eradication of gender-based violence by following a holistic and coordinated approach that places the rights of the victim at the centre and addresses the issues from a wide range of perspectives; stresses the need for all member states in the eu to ratify the istanbul convention and to fully implement all its provisions as well as the need for the eu to access the convention; notes with concerns the attempts in some member states to promote campaigns against the istanbul convention which deny the existence of gender-based violence;


### 5. stresses that the council of europe convention on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence (the ‘istanbul convention’) remains the international standard and a key tool for the eradication of gender-based violence by following a holistic and coordinated approach that places the rights of the victim at the centre and addresses the issues from a wide range of perspectives; ### 5. (does not affect english version.)


### 6. denounces the fact that the combat against gender-based violence is negatively affected by the attack on women’s rights and gender equality; condemns the actions of anti-gender and anti-women movements in europe and worldwide that aim to overturn existing laws on women’s rights and lgbti+ rights; ### 6. denounces the fact that the combat against gender-based violence is negatively affected by the attack on women’s rights and gender equality; condemns the actions of anti-gender and anti-women movements in europe and worldwide that systematically attack women’s and lgbti+ rights , including sexual and reproductive rights , and aim to overturn existing laws that protect them; urges the commission to ensure that all civil society organisations that receive eu financial support do not promote gender discrimination;


### 6. denounces the fact that the combat against gender-based violence is negatively affected by the attack on women’s rights and gender equality; condemns the actions of anti-gender and anti-women movements in europe and worldwide that aim to overturn existing laws on women’s rights and lgbti+ rights; ### 6. denounces the fact that the combat against gender-based violence is negatively affected by the attack on women’s rights and gender equality; condemns the actions of anti-gender and anti-feminist movements in europe and worldwide that aim to overturn existing laws on women’s rights and lgbtiq+ rights;


### 6. denounces the fact that the combat against gender-based violence is negatively affected by the attack on women’s rights and gender equality; condemns the actions of anti-gender and anti-women movements in europe and worldwide that aim to overturn existing laws on women’s rights and lgbti+ rights; ### 6. denounces the fact that the combat against gender-based violence is negatively affected by the attack on women’s rights and gender equality; condemns the actions of anti-gender and anti-women movements in europe and worldwide that aim to overturn existing laws on women’s rights and lgbtiq rights;


### 7. insists on actions to prevent gender-based violence by addressing the underlying causes , including counteracting sexism , gender stereotypes and patriarchal values; underlines the need for gender equality to have a central place in education and the need for awareness-raising campaigns; ### 7. insists on actions to prevent gender-based violence by addressing the underlying causes , including counteracting sexism , patriarchal gender norms , stereotypes and values; underlines the need for gender equality to have a central place in education and the need for awareness-raising campaigns , including comprehensive sexuality education , feminist self-defence training , and more general actions to combat segregation , gender inequality and discrimination; welcomes the commission’s commitment in the gender equality strategy affirming that “educating boys and girls from an early age about gender equality and supporting the development of non-violent relationships” is key for effective prevention;


### 7. insists on actions to prevent gender-based violence by addressing the underlying causes , including counteracting sexism , gender stereotypes and patriarchal values; underlines the need for gender equality to have a central place in education and the need for awareness-raising campaigns; ### 7. (does not affect english version.)


### 8. calls on the commission and the member states to improve the regular availability and comparability of quality , disaggregated data on all forms of gender-based violence through cooperation with eurostat , the european union agency for fundamental rights and the european institute for gender equality; ### 8. calls on the commission and the member states to improve the regular availability and comparability of quality , disaggregated data on all forms of gender-based violence through cooperation with eurostat , the european union agency for fundamental rights and the european institute for gender equality; stresses that in order to increase our understanding of gender-based violence , it is necessary to ensure that at least the following categories are included in the data collection: the number of complaints , the number and types of protection orders issued , the rates of dismissal and withdrawal of complaints , prosecution and conviction rates as well as time taken for disposal of cases , information on the sentences imposed on perpetrators and the reparation , including compensation , provided for victims/survivors , incidents reported to helplines or health and social services dealing with cases of violence against women and sample surveys; highlights that data should be disaggregated by type of violence , relationship between the victim/survivor and the perpetrator , as well as in relation to intersecting forms of discrimination against women and other relevant socio-demographic characteristics , including the age of the victim;


### 8. calls on the commission and the member states to improve the regular availability and comparability of quality , disaggregated data on all forms of gender-based violence through cooperation with eurostat , the european union agency for fundamental rights and the european institute for gender equality; ### 8. calls on the commission and the member states to improve the regular availability and comparability of quality , disaggregated data on all forms of gender-based violence through cooperation with eurostat , the european union agency for fundamental rights and the european institute for gender equality; stresses that in order to increase our understanding of gender-based violence , it is necessary to ensure that at least the following categories are included in the data collection , already at the level of law enforcement intervention: a) gender of the victim , b) gender of the perpetrator , c) relationship between victim and perpetrator , d) existence of a sexual violence dimension , e) does the violence have a gendered motivation;


### 8. calls on the commission and the member states to improve the regular availability and comparability of quality , disaggregated data on all forms of gender-based violence through cooperation with eurostat , the european union agency for fundamental rights and the european institute for gender equality; ### 8. (does not affect english version.)


### 9. highlights the need for targeted policies to address the situation of survivors who experience intersectional forms of discrimination , such as women refugees , asylum seekers and migrants , indigenous women , racialised women , women from religious and ethnic minorities , lesbian , bisexual and trans women , elderly women and women with disabilities; ### 9. highlights the need for targeted policies with an intersectional approach to address the situation of survivors who experience intersectional forms of discrimination , such as women refugees , asylum seekers and migrants , indigenous women , racialised women , women from religious and ethnic minorities , lesbian , bisexual and trans women , older women , women with disabilities and women in poverty;


### 9. highlights the need for targeted policies to address the situation of survivors who experience intersectional forms of discrimination , such as women refugees , asylum seekers and migrants , indigenous women , racialised women , women from religious and ethnic minorities , lesbian , bisexual and trans women , elderly women and women with disabilities; ### 9. (does not affect english version.)


### 10. recalls that violations of sexual and reproductive rights are a form of violence against women and girls; ### 10. recalls that violations of sexual and reproductive rights , including sexual violence , reproductive coercion and specifically denial of abortion care , gynaecologic and obstetrical violence and harmful practices , are a form of gender-based violence against women and girls , and stresses that the ecthr has ruled on several occasions that restrictive abortion laws and lack of implementation violates the human rights of women;


### 11. notes that the commission must address the particular situation of migrant women’s protection against gender-based violence , and recalls that under directive 2012/29/eu of the european parliament and of the council6 access to appropriate protection , support services and effective remedies must be available to all victims of gender-based violence , independent of their residence status; ### 11. notes that the commission must address the particular situation of migrant women’s protection against gender-based violence , in particular dependency of residence status of the victim of intra partner violence on cohabitation and marital status , and recalls that under directive 2012/29/eu of the european parliament and of the council6 access to appropriate protection , support services and effective remedies must be available to all victims of gender-based violence , independent of their residence status;


### 11. notes that the commission must address the particular situation of migrant women’s protection against gender-based violence , and recalls that under directive 2012/29/eu6 of the european parliament and of the council access to appropriate protection , support services and effective remedies must be available to all victims of gender-based violence , independent of their residence status; ### 11. (does not affect english version.)


### 12. calls on member states to take all necessary measures to promote the protection of women and girls in all their diversity and all survivors of gender-based violence against all forms of violence; ### 12. (does not affect english version.)


### 13. underlines the obligation on member states to ensure that there is support and services for survivors of gender-based violence; recalls the importance , in that context , of support to independent civil society and women’s shelter organisations; ### 13. underlines the obligation on member states to permanently ensure that there is support and services for survivors of gender-based violence adapted to the specific needs of each type of gender-based violence; recalls the importance , in that context , of support to independent civil society and women’s shelter organisations , who are the ones with the know-how needed to ensure feminist and non-paternalistic protection , ensure support throughout all stages of the reparation processes , and enforce the right to information; calls on member states to guarantee access for victims to support services and essential services , including sexual and reproductive health services , also in rural areas; firmly supports the availability of public services in any step of the victims’ support and services provided by specialised civil society partners such as the women´s shelter movement; strongly opposes the use of private companies and public procurement procedures in the field of victim support services;


### 13. underlines the obligation on member states to ensure that there is support and services for survivors of gender-based violence; recalls the importance , in that context , of support to independent civil society and women’s shelter organisations; ### 13. (does not affect english version.)


### 14. calls on the member states to step up their work in order to ensure that victims have access to justice , and to guarantee that the rights of the victim are placed at the centre in order to avoid discrimination , traumatisation or revictimisation during judicial , medical and police proceedings; ### 14. calls on the member states to step up their work in order to ensure that victims have access to an independent judicial system is physically , economically , socially and culturally available to all survivors of gender-based violence , and to guarantee that the rights of the victim are placed at the centre in order to avoid discrimination , traumatisation or revictimisation during judicial , medical and police proceedings;


### 14. calls on the member states to step up their work in order to ensure that victims have access to justice , and to guarantee that the rights of the victim are placed at the centre in order to avoid discrimination , traumatisation or revictimisation during judicial , medical and police proceedings; ### 14. calls on the member states to step up their work in order to ensure that victims have equal access to justice , particularly considering the structural context of discrimination and inequality , and to guarantee that the rights of the victim are placed at the centre in order to avoid discrimination , traumatisation or revictimisation during judicial , medical and police proceedings by mainstreaming the gender perspective throughout the process;


### 15. calls on the member states to improve the resources and training of practitioners , law enforcement officers and all professionals dealing with victims of gender-based violence; calls on members states to ensure that victims have the right to state-funded legal aid before and during legal proceedings; ### 15. calls on the member states to improve the resources and training of practitioners , law enforcement officers and all professionals dealing with victims of gender-based violence; calls on the member states to provide a mandatory , recurrent and effective capacity-building , education and training that includes the gender and human rights perspective and the international and regional standards; calls on members states to ensure that victims have the right to state-funded high quality legal aid before and during legal proceedings;


### 15. calls on the member states to improve the resources and training of practitioners , law enforcement officers and all professionals dealing with victims of gender-based violence; calls on members states to ensure that victims have the right to state-funded legal aid before and during legal proceedings; ### 15. calls on the member states to improve the resources and training of practitioners , law enforcement officers , including judges , public prosecutors and forensic experts , and all professionals dealing with victims of gender-based violence , including the possibility of establishing specialised courts for that purpose; calls on members states to ensure that victims have the right to state-funded legal aid before and during legal proceedings;


### 15. calls on the member states to improve the resources and training of practitioners , law enforcement officers and all professionals dealing with victims of gender-based violence; calls on members states to ensure that victims have the right to state-funded legal aid before and during legal proceedings; ### 15. (does not affect english version.)


### 16. stresses that gender-based violence is a serious crime and a widespread violation of fundamental rights in the union which needs to be addressed with greater efficiency and determination on a common basis; stresses that gender-based violence is the result of a patriarchal society that has a cross-border dimension; points , in particular , at the growing anti-gender and anti-women movements , which are well organised and have a cross-border nature; ### 16. stresses that gender-based violence is a serious crime and a widespread violation of fundamental rights in the union which needs to be addressed with greater efficiency and determination on a common basis; stresses that gender-based violence is the result of a heteropatriarchal society and neoliberal structural inequalities that have a cross-border dimension; points , in particular , at the growing anti-gender and anti-feminist movements , which are well organised and have a cross-border nature;


### 16. stresses that gender-based violence is a serious crime and a widespread violation of fundamental rights in the union which needs to be addressed with greater efficiency and determination on a common basis; stresses that gender-based violence is the result of a patriarchal society that has a cross-border dimension; points , in particular , at the growing anti-gender and anti-women movements , which are well organised and have a cross-border nature; ### 16. stresses that gender-based violence is a serious crime and a widespread , cross-border violation of fundamental rights in the union which needs to be addressed with greater efficiency and determination on a common basis; stresses that gender-based violence is the result of a patriarchal society that has a cross-border dimension; points , in particular , at the growing anti-gender and anti-women movements , which are well organised and have a cross-border nature;


### 17. stresses that the special need to combat violence against women and girls and other forms of gender-based violence on a common basis also results from the need to establish minimum rules concerning the definition of criminal offences and sanctions; ### 17. stresses that the special need to combat violence against women and girls and violence against lgbtiq+ people on a common basis also results from the need to establish minimum rules concerning the definition of criminal offences and sanctions for both types of violence;


### 17. stresses that the special need to combat violence against women and girls and other forms of gender-based violence on a common basis also results from the need to establish minimum rules concerning the definition of criminal offences and sanctions; ### 17. stresses that the special need to combat violence against women and girls and other forms of gender-based violence on a common basis also results from the need to establish minimum rules concerning the definition of criminal offences and sanctions as well as on the key issues of prevention , under-reporting , victim’s protection , support and reparation , and the prosecution of perpetrators , where member states approaches and level of commitment varies significantly;


### 17. stresses that the special need to combat violence against women and girls and other forms of gender-based violence on a common basis also results from the need to establish minimum rules concerning the definition of criminal offences and sanctions; ### 17. (does not affect english version.)


### 18. requests that the commission submit , on the basis of the third subparagraph of article 83(1) tfeu , a proposal for a council decision identifying gender-based violence as a new area of crime , following the recommendations set out in the annex hereto and requests the commission to use that new area of crime as a legal basis for a holistic directive to prevent and combat all forms of gender-based violence; ### 18. (does not affect english version.)


### 19. calls on the commission to propose a directive on gender-based violence that implements the standards of the istanbul convention and includes the following elements: prevention , including through gender-sensitive education programming directed at both girls and boys , and empowerment of women and girls; support services and protection measures for survivors; combating all forms of gender-based violence , including violations of women’s sexual and reproductive health and rights; and minimum standards for law enforcement; ### 19. calls on the commission to propose a directive on gender-based violence that implements the standards of the istanbul convention and cedaw and includes the following elements: prevention measures , including through gender-sensitive education programming directed at both girls and boys , and empowerment of women and girls; support services , protection and reparation measures for survivors; measures to combat all forms of gender-based violence , including violations of women’s sexual and reproductive health and rights and violence against lgbti persons on the grounds of gender , gender identity , gender expression and sex characteristics; minimum standards for law enforcement; and that takes into account a victims-centred and intersectional approach;


### 19. calls on the commission to propose a directive on gender-based violence that implements the standards of the istanbul convention and includes the following elements: prevention , including through gender-sensitive education programming directed at both girls and boys , and empowerment of women and girls; support services and protection measures for survivors; combating all forms of gender-based violence , including violations of women’s sexual and reproductive health and rights; and minimum standards for law enforcement; ### 19. calls on the commission to propose a comprehensive directive on gender-based violence that implements the standards of the istanbul convention and other international standards such as cedaw and includes the following elements: prevention , including through gender-sensitive and intersectional responsive education programming directed at both girls and boys , and empowerment of women and girls; support services , protection and reparation measures for survivors; combating all forms of gender-based violence , including violations of women’s sexual and reproductive health and rights; and minimum standards for law enforcement;


### 19. calls on the commission to propose a directive on gender-based violence that implements the standards of the istanbul convention and includes the following elements: prevention , including through gender-sensitive education programming directed at both girls and boys , and empowerment of women and girls; support services and protection measures for survivors; combating all forms of gender-based violence , including violations of women’s sexual and reproductive health and rights; and minimum standards for law enforcement; ### 19. (does not affect english version.)


### 20. calls on the commission to appoint a coordinator against violence against women and other forms of gender-based violence; ### 20. calls on the commission to appoint a coordinator against violence against women and a coordinator against violence against lgbtiq+ people;


### 20. calls on the commission to appoint a coordinator against violence against women and other forms of gender-based violence; ### 20. (does not affect english version.)


### on the identification of gender-based violence as an area of crime that meet the criteria specified in article 83 of the treaty on the functioning of the european union ### (does not affect english version.)


### (5) gender-based violence is violence directed against women because they are women and it affects women disproportionately. lgbti persons are also victims of gender-based violence because of their gender , gender identity , gender expression and sex characteristics. gender-based violence is rooted in gender stereotypes , patriarchal structures and power asymmetries. ### (5) gender-based violence is violence directed against women because they are women and it affects women and girls disproportionately. lgbtiq persons are also victims of gender-based violence because of their gender , gender identity , gender expression and sex characteristics. gender-based violence is rooted in gender stereotypes , patriarchal structures and power asymmetries.


### (7) gender-based violence constitutes a violation of fundamental rights such as the right to security and the rights to life and to physical integrity enshrined in articles 6 , 2 and 3 of the charter , respectively. ### (7) (does not affect english version.)


### (8) gender-based violence is a serious crime and a widespread violation of fundamental rights in the union which needs to be addressed with greater efficiency and determined on a common basis. ### (8) (does not affect english version.)


### (9) the adoption of regional and international instruments , such as the istanbul convention , the united nations declaration on the elimination of violence against women and other united nations resolutions , demonstrates the need to combat all forms of gender-based violence on a common basis. ### (9) (does not affect english version.)


### (10) the special need to combat violence against women and girls and other forms of gender-based violence on a common basis also results from the need to establish minimum rules concerning the definition of criminal offences and sanctions , as well as the key issues of prevention , under-reporting , victim protection , support and reparation , and the prosecution of perpetrators , where the approaches and level of commitment of member states vary significantly. ### (10) (does not affect english version.)


### (11) gender-based violence meets the criteria to be added as a new area of crime under article 83(1) tfeu , ### (11) (does not affect english version.)


### gender-based violence is hereby identified as an area of crime that meets the criteria specified in article 83(1) of the treaty on the functioning of the european union. ### (does not affect english version.)


### — having regard to articles 2 and 3(3) of the treaty on european union , ### — having regard to articles 2 and 3(3) of the treaty on european union and article 8 of the treaty on the functioning of the european union (tfeu) ,


### — having regard to the commission communication of 5 march 2020 entitled ‘a union of equality: gender equality strategy 2020-2025’ , ### — having regard to the commission communication of 5 march 2020 entitled ‘a union of equality: gender equality strategy 2020-2025’ , in particular its first target on freeing women and girls from violence and stereotypes ,


### — having regard to the provisions of the united nations legal instruments in the area of human rights , in particular those concerning women’s rights , and to other united nations instruments on violence against women , ### — having regard to the provisions of the united nations legal instruments in the area of human rights , in particular those concerning women’s and children's rights , and to other united nations instruments on violence against women and children ,


### a. whereas the first objective of the union’s gender equality strategy 2020-2025 focuses on ending gender-based violence and describes it as ‘one of our societies’ biggest challenges’; ### a. whereas gender equality is a fundamental value and a core objective of the eu , and should be reflected in all eu policies; whereas the right to equal treatment and non-discrimination is a fundamental right enshrined in the treaties1a and the eu charter of fundamental rights1b; whereas the first objective of the union’s gender equality strategy 2020-2025 focuses on ending gender-based violence and describes it as ‘one of our societies’ biggest challenges’ , as it remains widespread and affects women at all levels of society , regardless of age , education , income , social background or country of origin or residence , and it is one of the most serious obstacles to achieving gender equality;


### a. whereas the first objective of the union’s gender equality strategy 2020-2025 focuses on ending gender-based violence and describes it as ‘one of our societies’ biggest challenges’; ### a. whereas the first objective of the union’s gender equality strategy 2020-2025 focuses on ending gender-based violence and describes it as ‘one of our societies’ biggest challenges’; whereas the union’s lgbtiq equality strategy recalls that everyone has a right to safety , be it at home , in public or online;


### b. whereas violence against women and other forms of gender-based violence are widespread in the union and are to be understood as an extreme form of discrimination; whereas gender-based violence is rooted in the unequal distribution of power between women and men , in sexism and gender stereotypes , which have led to domination over and discrimination against women by men; ### b. whereas violence against women and other forms of gender-based violence are widespread in the union and are to be understood as an extreme form of discrimination against women and a violation of human rights entrenched in gender inequality , which they contribute to perpetuate and reinforce; whereas gender-based violence is rooted in the unequal distribution of power between women and men , in established patriarchal structures and practices , in sexism and gender stereotypes on the roles and capabilities of women and men , which have led to domination over and discrimination against women by men;


### b. whereas violence against women and other forms of gender-based violence are widespread in the union and are to be understood as an extreme form of discrimination; whereas gender-based violence is rooted in the unequal distribution of power between women and men , in sexism and gender stereotypes , which have led to domination over and discrimination against women by men; ### b. whereas violence against women and other forms of gender-based violence are widespread in the union and are to be understood as an extreme form of discrimination; whereas gender-based violence is rooted in the unequal distribution of power between women and men , in sexism and gender norms and stereotypes , which have led to domination over and discrimination against women and girls in all their diversity by men; whereas gender-based violence also occurs due to perceived deviation from gender norms;


### c. whereas violence against women and gender-based violence present different but not mutually exclusive forms and manifestations; whereas those different forms of violence are often interlinked and inseparable from offline violence because they can precede , accompany or continue them; ### c. whereas violence against women and gender-based violence present different but not mutually exclusive forms and manifestations; whereas gender-based cyber violence exists as an interaction between cyber violence and gender based violence and should be understood as the continuation and extension of offline gender-based violence in the online environment; whereas online violence is often interlinked and inseparable from offline violence because can precede , accompany or continue it;


### c. whereas violence against women and gender-based violence present different but not mutually exclusive forms and manifestations; whereas those different forms of violence are often interlinked and inseparable from offline violence because they can precede , accompany or continue them; ### c. whereas violence against women and lgbti persons and gender-based violence present different but not mutually exclusive forms and manifestations; whereas those different forms of violence are often interlinked with , and inseparable from , offline violence because they can precede , accompany or continue them;


### d. whereas cyber harassment , cyber stalking , cyber bullying , trolling , online hate speech , flaming , doxxing and image-based sexual abuse are among the most common types of gender-based cyberviolence; whereas some member states have adopted specific legislation on some of those particular forms only; ### d. whereas existing forms of gender-based cyber violence are constantly evolving and new forms are emerging due to the rapid development and deployment of digital technologies and applications; whereas cyber harassment , cyber stalking , cyber bullying , trolling , online hate speech , flaming , doxxing , image-based sexual abuse , cyber trafficking , sexual exploitation , identity theft , dead-naming , grooming , deepfakes , fakeporn , revenge porn , defamation , humiliation , attacks on freedom of expression , are among the most common types of gender-based cyberviolence; whereas gender-based cyber violence can be perpetrated using a range of online communication channels and tools , including social media , web content , discussion sites , dating websites , comment sections , and gaming chat rooms; whereas many types of gender-based cyber violence can be perpetrated with far greater ease and scale than physical forms of gender-based violence; whereas some member states have adopted specific legislation criminalising some of those particular forms only; whereas the member states have adopted divergent legislative approaches to combating gender-based cyber violence and do not cover all aspects of the problem;


### d. whereas cyber harassment , cyber stalking , cyber bullying , trolling , online hate speech , flaming , doxxing and image-based sexual abuse are among the most common types of gender-based cyberviolence; whereas some member states have adopted specific legislation on some of those particular forms only; ### d. whereas cyberviolence can manifest as various forms of violence , including sexual , psychological and , as growing trends would indicate , economic , whereby the victim’s current or future employment status is compromised by information released online; whereas the potential for violence in the cyber-sphere to manifest psychically should also not be discounted; whereas cyber harassment , cyber stalking , cyber bullying , trolling , online hate speech , flaming , doxxing and image-based sexual abuse , including non-consensual sharing of intimate images or videos , are among the most common types of gender-based cyberviolence; whereas some member states have adopted specific legislation on some of those particular forms only;


### d. whereas cyber harassment , cyber stalking , cyber bullying , trolling , online hate speech , flaming , doxxing and image-based sexual abuse are among the most common types of gender-based cyberviolence; whereas some member states have adopted specific legislation on some of those particular forms only; ### d. whereas cyber harassment , cyber stalking , cyber bullying , trolling , online hate speech , flaming , doxxing , dead-naming and image-based sexual abuse are among the most common types of gender-based cyberviolence; whereas some member states have adopted specific legislation on some of those particular forms only;


### e. whereas , despite a growing awareness of the phenomenon of gender-based cyberviolence , the lack of collection of exhaustive and recent data and the underreporting of cases of gender-based cyberviolence prevents an accurate assessment of its prevalence; whereas the european added value assessment on gender-based cyberviolence estimates that between 4 and 7% of women in the union have experienced cyber harassment during the past 12 months , while between 1 and 3% have experienced cyber stalking; ### e. whereas , in order to address the issue of the eradication of gender-based violence , including of gender-based cyber violence it is necessary to rely on consistent and comparable administrative data , based on a robust and coordinated framework of data collection; whereas the istanbul convention and the victims’ rights directive require member states to report statistical data and to produce gender-disaggregated data; whereas , despite a growing awareness of the phenomenon of gender-based cyberviolence , the lack of harmonised definition and of collection of recent comprehensive , comparable and gender-disaggregated data and the underreporting of cases of gender-based cyberviolence prevents an accurate assessment of its prevalence; whereas without an accurate view of the prevalence of gender-based cyber violence , and its several forms , the gravity of the problem remains significantly unquantified and unmapped and is consistently underestimated; whereas available studies show that cyberviolence disproportionately affects women and girls , both in terms of the extent and types of harmful activities 1a; whereas the survey by the european union agency for fundamental rights (fra) on violence against women indicates that one in ten women have already experienced a form of cyber violence since the age of 15; whereas the european added value assessment on gender-based cyberviolence estimates that between 4 and 7% of women in the union have experienced cyber harassment during the past 12 months , while between 1 and 3% have experienced cyber stalking; whereas there is a need to adequately assess the impact of cyberviolence on victims , and to understand the mechanisms that allow men to perpetrate this form of gender-based violence , in order to ensure redress , accountability and prevention;


### f. whereas women can be targeted by cyberviolence either individually or as members of a specific community; whereas intersectional forms of discrimination can exacerbate the consequences of gender-based cyberviolence; ### f. whereas women in all their diversity can be targeted by cyberviolence either individually or as members of a specific community; whereas targeting of lgbti persons is often on the grounds of their gender identity , gender expression or sex characteristics; whereas intersectional forms of discrimination increase the exposure to violence for women belonging to ethnic minorities , with disabilities , as well as lesbian , bisexual , transgender and intersex women , and can exacerbate the consequences of gender-based cyberviolence;


### g. whereas some women , such as politicians , women in public positions , journalists , bloggers and human rights defenders , are particularly impacted by gender-based cyberviolence , and whereas this is causing not only psychological harm and suffering to them but also deterring them from participating digitally in political , social and cultural life; ### g. whereas some women , such as politicians , women in public positions , journalists , bloggers , human rights defenders and other public figures are particularly impacted by gender-based cyberviolence , and whereas this is causing not only reputational damage , psychological harm and suffering to them but also can lead to disruptions to a victim’s living situation , invasions of privacy , silencing or withdrawal from the online environment , and damage to personal relationships deterring them from participating digitally in political , social and cultural life; whereas even if the victims do not completely withdraw from social media and public appearances , they may opt to keep a low profile to avoid drawing any attention , and thereby further violence and this can remove female voices and opinions and worsen an already present gender inequality in political , social and cultural life;


### g. whereas some women , such as politicians , women in public positions , journalists , bloggers and human rights defenders , are particularly impacted by gender-based cyberviolence , and whereas this is causing not only psychological harm and suffering to them but also deterring them from participating digitally in political , social and cultural life; ### g. whereas some women and lgbti persons , such as politicians , women in public positions , journalists , bloggers and human rights defenders , are particularly impacted by gender-based cyberviolence , and whereas this is causing not only psychological harm and suffering to them but also deterring them from participating digitally in political , social and cultural life;


### h. whereas gender-based cyberviolence impacts on mental health , on the full exercise of fundamental rights and even on democracy , and has consequences on society , including an economic impact; ### h. whereas gender-based cyberviolence impacts on mental , sexual , physical and psychological health , on the full exercise of fundamental rights and even on democracy , and has dire consequences on society , including an negative economic impact , such as withdrawal from the public debate , costs incurred for seeking legal and healthcare assistance , labour market impacts in terms of lower presence at work , risks of job loss or lower productivity and reduced quality of life due to poor mental health itself; whereas some of these impacts compound other forms of discrimination faced by women exacerbating existing discriminations and inequalities;


### 1. underlines that gender-based cyberviolence is a continuum of gender-based violence offline and that no policy alternative will be effective unless it takes this reality into consideration; ### 1. underlines that gender-based cyberviolence is a continuum of gender-based violence offline and that no policy alternative will be effective unless it takes this reality into consideration; stresses that the existing eu legislation does not provide the mechanisms needed to address gender-based cyber violence adequately; regrets that the absence of a harmonised definition of gender-based cyber violence in the eu leads to significantly differences on the extent to which member states tackle and prevent gender-based cyber violence , leaving wide disparities in protection , support and compensation of the victims among member states; underlines that a harmonised definition of gender-based cyberviolence would facilitate the work of analysing the various forms of cyberviolence and counteracting the phenomenon; stresses that the concept of cyber violence should not be limited to the use of computer systems , but should remain broad , thereby covering the use of ict to cause , facilitate or threaten violence against individuals; recalls that the root causes of all types of gender-based violence , including gender-based cyberviolence are the same and therefore it's important to ensure that laws and policies address them holistically;


### 1. underlines that gender-based cyberviolence is a continuum of gender-based violence offline and that no policy alternative will be effective unless it takes this reality into consideration; ### 1. underlines that gender-based cyberviolence is a continuum of gender-based violence offline and that no policy alternative will be effective unless it takes this reality into consideration; calls on the member states and the eu to formulate policy responses , strategies , programmes and action plans in recognition of the fact that gender-based cyberviolence is a form of gender-based violence and to include the voices of victimes of the phenomenon , particularly women , in the strategies for addressing it;


### 2. welcomes the union’s gender equality strategy 2020-2025 put forward by the commission as a tool to combat violence against women and gender-based violence and to tackle the root causes of it; ### 2. welcomes the union’s gender equality strategy 2020-2025 put forward by the commission as a tool to combat violence against women and gender-based violence and to tackle the root causes of it; underlines that gender-based cyberviolence is deeply rooted in power dynamics , economic imbalances and patriarchal attitudes that foster the idea of women’s inferiority to men; calls on the member states to address its root causes and to tackle established attitudes , gender roles and stereotypes that make violence against women acceptable; calls on the commission to develop harmonized legal definitions of gender-based cyberviolence; calls on the commission to ensure cyberviolence is also addressed , including the forms it takes through the sex industry; calls on the commission and on the member states to put an end to the pornography industry built based on sex trafficking , rape and other forms of assault and abuse of women and children; calls on the commission and member states to include misogyny in the forms of hate speech , and misogynistic assaults in hate crimes;


### 3. stresses that the covid-19 pandemic has increased the risk of domestic violence and abuse because victims are forced to spend more time with perpetrators and they tend to be more isolated from support networks; calls on member states to increase the assistance they offer through shelters , helplines and support services to protect victims and facilitate the reporting of gender-based violence; ### 3. stresses that the covid-19 pandemic has been associated with an exponential increase in the prevalence and intensity of cases of domestic violence and abuse , including gender-based cyberviolence , as even more of people's social lives have shifted online and because victims are forced to spend more time with perpetrators and they tend to be more isolated from support networks; stresses that the alarming upsurge of the “shadow pandemic” made it difficult for women to access effective protection , support services and justice , and revealed insufficient support resources and structures , leaving many of them without adequate and timely protection; calls on the commission to facilitate reporting channels and to develop an eu protocol on violence against women in times of crisis and emergency to prevent violence against women; calls on member states to increase the assistance they offer through shelters , helplines and support services to protect victims and facilitate the reporting of gender-based violence , as well as redress;


### 3. stresses that the covid-19 pandemic has increased the risk of domestic violence and abuse because victims are forced to spend more time with perpetrators and they tend to be more isolated from support networks; calls on member states to increase the assistance they offer through shelters , helplines and support services to protect victims and facilitate the reporting of gender-based violence; ### 3. stresses that the covid-19 pandemic has increased the risk of domestic violence and abuse because victims are forced to spend more time with perpetrators and they tend to be more isolated from support networks; calls on member states to increase the assistance they offer through shelters , helplines and support services to protect victims and facilitate the reporting of gender-based violence; highlights that the covid 19 confinement measures have also increased people´s vulnerability and have exposed them to gender-based cyberviolence by the increasing use of social networks to overcome social isolation;


### 3. stresses that the covid-19 pandemic has increased the risk of domestic violence and abuse because victims are forced to spend more time with perpetrators and they tend to be more isolated from support networks; calls on member states to increase the assistance they offer through shelters , helplines and support services to protect victims and facilitate the reporting of gender-based violence; ### 3. stresses that the covid-19 pandemic has increased the risk of domestic violence and abuse because victims are forced to spend more time with perpetrators and they tend to be more isolated from support networks; highlights that many lgbti persons were forced to be confined with family members , legal guardians or co-habitants who harassed , abused or exposed them to violence; calls on member states to increase the assistance they offer through specialised shelters , helplines and support services to protect victims and facilitate the reporting of gender-based violence;


### 4. underlines the transnational nature of gender-based cyberviolence , considering the cross-border dimension of the use of ict; ### 4. underlines the transnational nature of gender-based cyberviolence , considering the cross-border dimension of the use of ict; calls for the eu institutions , agencies and bodies , as well as the member states and their law enforcement agencies , to cooperate and take concrete steps to coordinate their actions to counter the use of ict to commit crimes , including online sexual harassment and trafficking in human beings for the purpose of sexual exploitation;


### 5. calls on the member states to promote awareness raising , to implement national criminal justice laws and specific policies and programmes to prevent gender-based cyberviolence and to fight against impunity for those who commit such acts; ### 5. calls on the member states to promote awareness raising , to implement national criminal justice laws and specific policies and programmes to prevent gender-based cyberviolence and to fight against impunity for those who commit such acts; recalls that the budapest , lanzarote and istanbul conventions require the criminalisation of specific conduct that includes or entails violence against women and children , such as gender based cyberviolence; calls on the commission and the member states to increase their funds devoted to raising awareness campaigns and combat gender-based violence and gender stereotypes , educate men and boys in how to behave towards women and girls online , to make a responsible and respectful use of technology , and ensure women’s continued freedom of expression and meaningful participation in public discourse; calls for funds and campaigns to raise awareness of women and girls on how to secure their accounts and communication , to warn them about potential harassers and aggressors , and to inform them about their rights and about how to seek help in case of an incident; considers , in addition , that companies and developers should address gender-based online violence and abuse on their infrastructures through effective reporting and suspension mechanisms; underlines that due to anonymity granted by the cyber sphere , ensuring accountability of perpetrators of cyberviolence against women is particularly difficult; calls on the member states to invest the necessary resources and to implement efficient measures that will ensure accountability of perpetrators of cyberviolence against women; calls on the commission to analyse the use of advertisements or online postings to lure women into potentially harmful situations such as getting involved in the sex industry;


### 5. calls on the member states to promote awareness raising , to implement national criminal justice laws and specific policies and programmes to prevent gender-based cyberviolence and to fight against impunity for those who commit such acts; ### 5. calls on the member states to promote awareness raising , to implement national criminal justice laws and specific policies and programmes to prevent gender-based cyberviolence and to fight against impunity for those who commit such acts; underlines the importance of using media and social media to raise citizens’awareness in order to prevent and combat gender-based cyberviolence;


### 6. urges the commission and the member states to establish a reliable system for regularly collecting statistical disaggregated and comparable data on gender-based violence , including cyberviolence; ### 6. urges the commission and the member states to establish a reliable system for regularly collecting statistical harmonised , disaggregated and comparable eu-wide data on gender-based violence , including cyberviolence making full use of the capacity and expertise of eige , eurostat , europol and enisa; recommends that these datasets should be gathered and analysed through an intersectional lens and should include the profiles of perpetrators , their relationship with the victim , the means of perpetrations , the number of reported cases , the number of prosecuted cases and the number of condemnations , disaggregated by the sex/identified gender and age of the victim; notes the commission’s commitment to carry out a new eu survey on gender-based violence with results to be presented in 2023;


### 6. urges the commission and the member states to establish a reliable system for regularly collecting statistical disaggregated and comparable data on gender-based violence , including cyberviolence; ### 6. urges the commission and the member states to establish a reliable system for regularly collecting statistical disaggregated , representative and comparable data on gender-based violence , including cyberviolence;


### 7. notes that inter alia stress , concentration problems , anxiety , panic attacks , low self-esteem , depression , post-traumatic stress disorder , lack of trust and lack of sense of control , caused by cyberviolence , can have an impact on mental health; ### 7. notes that stress , concentration problems , anxiety , panic attacks , low self-esteem , depression , post-traumatic stress disorder , lack of trust and lack of sense of control , self-harm and suicidal ideation can be some of the impacts on mental health caused by cyberviolence; stresses that advances in ict technology can facilitate abusers in perpetrating psychological violence; notes that a key distinction between offline and online gender-based cyber violence is that it is significantly more difficult to permanently remove abusive or triggering content from the internet , which obliges the survivor to re-experience their victimisation all over again and this can exacerbate the psychological impacts of these forms of violence , such as flashbacks of the incident and/or perpetrator , as well as increase the victim’s isolation period; stresses that this can make it harder for victims to move on and escape the situation; notes that while the immediate impact of gender-based cyber violence may differ , the longer-term impacts are ultimately similar; underlines that the impacts of gender-based cyber violence on victims includes but are not limited to reputational damage , mental illness , physical and medical issues , disruptions to a victim’s living situation , invasions of privacy , silencing or withdrawal from the online environment , and damage to personal relationships;


### 7. notes that inter alia stress , concentration problems , anxiety , panic attacks , low self-esteem , depression , post-traumatic stress disorder , lack of trust and lack of sense of control , caused by cyberviolence , can have an impact on mental health; ### 7. notes that inter alia stress , concentration problems , anxiety , panic attacks , low self-esteem , depression , post-traumatic stress disorder , lack of trust and lack of sense of control , caused by cyberviolence , can have an impact on mental health and may lead to self-harm and suicidal ideation;


### 8. underlines that gender-based cyberviolence generates psychological , social and economic consequences; ### 8. underlines that gender-based cyberviolence generates negative psychological , social and economic consequences that mainly affect women and girls;


### 9. calls on the member states to give particular attention to women belonging to groups put in a vulnerable situation as regards gender-based cyberviolence and to develop specific support services and educational programmes dedicated to those specific groups; ### 9. calls on the member states to give particular attention to women belonging to groups put in a vulnerable situation , such as women belonging to ethnic minorities , with disabilities , lesbian , bisexual , transgender and intersex women , as well as lgbti persons in general and in particular lgbti youth , as regards gender-based cyberviolence and to develop specific support services and educational programmes dedicated to those specific groups;


### 11. recalls that gender stereotypes are at the core of gender discrimination and are one of the main barriers to the entry of women and girls in the ict and digital fields; stresses the need to tackle the gender gap in the ict sector through education , awareness-raising campaigns and the promotion of the representation of women in the sector; ### 11. recalls that gender stereotypes are at the core of gender discrimination and are one of the main barriers to the entry of women and girls in the ict and digital fields; recognizes that gender stereotyping , cultural discouragement and the lack of awareness and promotion of female role models hinders and negatively affects girls' and women´s opportunities in ict sector and leads to discrimination and fewer opportunities for women in the labour market; stresses that the primary objective should be to remove all the socio-cultural , psychological and pedagogical barriers that restrict women' s interests , preferences , and choices; encourages member states to promote women's involvement in ict sector and career by providing sufficient incentives in their respective national or regional action plans or policies on gender; stresses the need to tackle the gender gap in the ict sector through education , awareness-raising campaigns , better work-life balance , equal opportunities , healthy and safe working and studying environments for women and girls , mandatory pay transparency policies , zero tolerance policies and measures for sexual harassment , the promotion of the visibility of female role models and the promotion of the representation of women in the sector;


### 11. recalls that gender stereotypes are at the core of gender discrimination and are one of the main barriers to the entry of women and girls in the ict and digital fields; stresses the need to tackle the gender gap in the ict sector through education , awareness-raising campaigns and the promotion of the representation of women in the sector; ### 11. recalls that gender norms and stereotypes are at the core of gender discrimination and are one of the main barriers to the entry of women and girls in the ict and digital fields; stresses the need to tackle the gender gap in the ict sector through education , awareness-raising campaigns and the promotion of the representation of women in the sector;