### 18. believes that health promotion and disease prevention , preparedness and response to cross-border health threats must constitute the foundations of a future european health union with a view to reinforcing the resilience and quality of the healthcare systems in the member states and tackling health inequalities in the eu , by providing adequate investments in health systems at the national and regional levels; ### 18. believes that health promotion and disease prevention , preparedness and response to cross-border health threats must constitute the foundations of a future european health union with a view to reinforcing the resilience and quality of the healthcare systems in the member states and in low-and medium income countries while tackling health inequalities in the eu , by providing adequate investments in health systems at the national and regional levels;


### 18. believes that health promotion and disease prevention , preparedness and response to cross-border health threats must constitute the foundations of a future european health union with a view to reinforcing the resilience and quality of the healthcare systems in the member states and tackling health inequalities in the eu , by providing adequate investments in health systems at the national and regional levels; ### 18. believes that health promotion and disease prevention , preparedness and response to cross-border health threats must constitute the foundations of a future european health union with a view to reinforcing the resilience and quality of the healthcare systems in the member states and tackling health inequalities in the eu , by providing adequate investments in health systems and services at the national and regional levels;


### 19. calls on the member states to invest more in primary healthcare , making full use of the eu4health programme , in order to increase capacity and flexibility in healthcare services , so that hospitals will be not overwhelmed during emergencies; ### 19. calls on the member states to invest more in primary healthcare , making full use of the eu4health programme , in order to increase capacity and flexibility in healthcare services , so that hospitals will be not overwhelmed during emergencies; equally call on the members states to invest more in the social care so that recovered vulnerable patients will not unnecessary occupied hospital bed and can be transferred to care homes;


### 23. welcomes the creation of hera , as a much-needed body to improve the eu’s preparedness for health emergencies , to ensure the availability of medical countermeasures and to manage this new reality in preventing , preparing for , detecting , and rapidly responding to health emergencies; ### 23. welcomes in principle the creation of hera , as a body to improve the eu’s preparedness for health emergencies , to ensure the availability of and access to medical countermeasures and to manage this new reality in preventing , preparing for , detecting , and rapidly responding to health emergencies; regrets however the limited scope , accountability and transparency of its current set-up;


### 23. welcomes the creation of hera , as a much-needed body to improve the eu’s preparedness for health emergencies , to ensure the availability of medical countermeasures and to manage this new reality in preventing , preparing for , detecting , and rapidly responding to health emergencies; ### 23. welcomes the creation of hera , as a much-needed body to improve the eu’s preparedness for health emergencies , to ensure the availability of medical countermeasures and to manage this new reality in preventing , preparing for , detecting , rapidly responding to health emergencies and promoting public health objectives;


### 23. welcomes the creation of hera , as a much-needed body to improve the eu’s preparedness for health emergencies , to ensure the availability of medical countermeasures and to manage this new reality in preventing , preparing for , detecting , and rapidly responding to health emergencies; ### 23. welcomes the creation of hera , as a much-needed body to improve the eu’s preparedness for health emergencies , to ensure the availability of and access to medical countermeasures and to manage this new reality in preventing , preparing for , detecting , and rapidly responding to health emergencies;


### 24. stresses that parliament should have been involved in the creation of hera’s mandate and that it should have scrutiny powers over and the ability to monitor hera; ### 24. stresses that parliament should have been involved in the creation of hera’s mandate and that it should have scrutiny powers over and the ability to monitor hera , is concerned that the commission has failed to ensure an inclusive public health and public interest driven governance or hera , ensuring transparent public control and a balanced representation of public health civil society organisations and patients , while avoiding corporate capture of its decision-making;


### 25. congratulates the commission on proposing the eu fab project , a network of ‘ever-warm’ production capacities for vaccine and medicine manufacturing that can be activated in the event of future crises , as a response to the need for the eu to strengthen its industrial upstream and downstream production activities concerning vaccines and medical equipment; ### 25. congratulates the commission on proposing the eu fab project , a network of ‘ever-warm’ production capacities for vaccine and medicine manufacturing that can be activated in the event of future crises , as a response to the need for the eu to strengthen its industrial upstream and downstream production activities concerning vaccines and medical equipment; stresses that its resolution on the shortage of medicines (2020/2071(ini)) calls on the commission and member states to assess the possibility of creating one or more european non-profit pharmaceutical undertakings which operate in the public interest 4 to manufacture medicinal products in the absence of existing industrial production , in order to guarantee security of supply and prevent possible shortages of medicines in cases of emergency;


### 25. congratulates the commission on proposing the eu fab project , a network of ‘ever-warm’ production capacities for vaccine and medicine manufacturing that can be activated in the event of future crises , as a response to the need for the eu to strengthen its industrial upstream and downstream production activities concerning vaccines and medical equipment; ### 25. takes note of the commission proposal on the eu fab project , a network of ‘ever-warm’ production capacities for vaccine and medicine manufacturing that can be activated in the event of future crises , as a response to the need for the eu to strengthen its industrial upstream and downstream production activities concerning vaccines and medical equipment; stresses that its resolution on the shortage of medicines (2020/2071(ini)) calls on the commission and member states to assess the possibility of creating one or more european non-profit pharmaceutical undertakings which operate in the public interest to manufacture medicinal products in order to guarantee security of supply and prevent possible shortages of medicines in cases of emergency;


### 26. expresses its hope that the commission can play a focal role in the cooperation between academia , industry , research institutes and governments , as these partnerships are instrumental in accelerating responses to pandemics , while maintaining a secure capacity; ### 26. expresses its hope that the commission can play a focal role in the cooperation between academia , research institutes and governments , as these partnerships are instrumental in accelerating responses to pandemics , while maintaining a secure capacity , and ensuring a proportionate public return on public support for r&;amp;amp;d , notably through public ownership of intellectual property rights;


### 26. expresses its hope that the commission can play a focal role in the cooperation between academia , industry , research institutes and governments , as these partnerships are instrumental in accelerating responses to pandemics , while maintaining a secure capacity; ### 26. expresses its hope that the commission can play a focal role in the cooperation between academia , industry , research institutes and governments , as these partnerships are instrumental in accelerating responses to pandemics , while maintaining a secure capacity and ensuring public return on public support for r&;d;


### 28. recognises the pivotal role that the ema plays in implementing measures to enable flexible regulatory processes , while ensuring the safety and efficacy of the authorised vaccines and therapeutics , notably through the ema’s covid-19 pandemic task force , its rapid delivery of scientific advice , its rolling review and conditional marketing authorisation; ### 28. recognises the pivotal role that the ema plays in implementing measures to enable flexible regulatory processes , while ensuring the safety and efficacy of the authorised vaccines and therapeutics , notably through the ema’s covid-19 pandemic task force , its rapid delivery of scientific advice , its rolling review and conditional marketing authorisation , stresses that the flexibility must never be preferred over the safety and efficacy of authorised vaccines , that conditions must be attached to serve the public interest , which include accessibility to affordable products , as well as transparency and accountability of the spending of public resources;


### 29. notes with appreciation that , under the ema’s new mandate , its emergency task force took over the activities of its covid-19 pandemic task force and became a permanent body of the ema , improving interactions with the commission , vaccine developers and academics , and coordination with other eu agencies; ### 29. notes that under the ema’s new mandate , its emergency task force took over the activities of its covid-19 pandemic task force and became a permanent body of the ema , improving interactions with the commission , vaccine developers and academics , and coordination with other eu agencies;


### eu global health strategy ### deleted


### 35. emphasises that the development and deployment of covid-19 vaccines constituted a game-changer in the pandemic and underpinned the important role of vaccine research and development; considers that the speed at which researchers developed effective vaccine protection was unprecedented and that the eu demonstrated leadership in the global response to the covid-19 pandemic; ### 35. emphasises that the development and deployment of covid-19 vaccines constituted a game-changer in the pandemic and underpinned the important role of vaccine research and development; considers that the speed at which researchers developed effective vaccine protection was unprecedented;


### 116. points out discrepancies in the ability to face disinformation among member states; notes that such differences led to disparities in terms of vaccine hesitancy; ### deleted


### 122. reiterates the importance of well-established scrutiny processes , both at national and european level , to ensure that national authorities are held accountable for breaches of freedom of assembly , freedom of speech , the right to private property and patient rights , and to ensure certainty and predictability in changes to rules for businesses; ### 122. acknowledges that ema implemented measures to increase the transparency of its regulatory activities on covid-19 vaccines and treatments; calls on the ema to assess the implementation of such measures and where necessary improve its transparency , communication and the availability of information on vaccines and the authorisation processes , with a view to fostering public trust; highlights the importance of ensuring high levels of transparency in the agency’s functioning beyond covid-19 related activities;


### 124. considers that the digital divide is an element of concern for the eu’s preparedness and resilience , given that vulnerable population groups are particularly impacted because they tend to have fewer connection opportunities; ### 124. highlights that in order to be successful in meeting the needs of the poorest and most marginalized people , the health response in emergencies must be based on need and on principles of equity and inclusion;


### 131. considers that the procurement mechanisms , notably the advanced purchase agreements used for vaccine contracting , could have improved transparency; recommends finding a way to publish vaccine contracts sooner and in less redacted versions; ### 131. considers that the procurement mechanisms , notably the advanced purchase agreements used for vaccine contracting , should have improved transparency; highlights that the european parliament resolution on eu transparency in the development , purchase and distribution of covid19 vaccines (2021/2678(rsp)) calls on the commission to publish non-redacted versions of the purchase agreements entered into without further delay; calls on the commission to develop a transparency policy for advance purchase agreements that informs future negotiation processes;


### 135. acknowledges that , in the middle of the crisis , institutions were confronted with exceptional situations in which urgency necessarily prevailed over the timely publication of certain documents; stresses , however , that transparency should still be a priority; ### 135. acknowledges that , in the middle of the crisis , institutions were confronted with exceptional situations in which urgency necessarily prevailed over the timely publication of certain documents; stresses , however , that transparency should still be a priority; points out that the documents used in the negotiations should be made public without delay;


### 136. considers that the covid-19 crisis was a stress test for the eu’s democratic resilience; ### 136. considers that the covid-19 crisis was a stress test for the eu’s institutions democratic resilience;


### 138. notes that job losses during the pandemic were concentrated in low-paid jobs but that the recovery in employment during 2021 was driven by growth in well-paid jobs and occupations; underlines that the pandemic had a disproportionate impact on certain categories of workers , including self-employed workers and contractual workers , such as seasonal and temporary workers , who were strongly affected; ### 138. notes that job losses during the pandemic were concentrated in low-paid jobs but that the recovery in employment during 2021 was driven by growth in well-paid jobs and occupations worsening economic disparities and inequality ; underlines that the pandemic had a disproportionate impact on certain categories of workers , including self-employed workers and contractual workers , such as seasonal and temporary workers , who were strongly affected;


### 37. notes that , at the beginning of the pandemic , many member states’ health systems were unprepared to cope with the magnitude of such a crisis; ### 37. notes that many member states’ health systems were unprepared to cope with the magnitude of such a crisis; affirms that this lack of preparation is in great part the consequence of many years of promoting austerity measures including for public health services , recalls that the european commission has demanded that governments make cuts on public healthcare spending not less than 63 times between the years 2011-2018;


### 37. notes that , at the beginning of the pandemic , many member states’ health systems were unprepared to cope with the magnitude of such a crisis; ### 37. notes that , at the beginning of the pandemic , many member states’ health systems were unprepared to cope with the magnitude of such a crisis; in part due to , on the one hand , the legacy of under-investment in health and care since the 2008 economic crisis and , on the other hand , increasing fragmentation of services due to the weakening of public systems;


### 37. notes that , at the beginning of the pandemic , many member states’ health systems were unprepared to cope with the magnitude of such a crisis; ### 37. notes that , at the beginning of the pandemic , many member states’ health systems and services were unprepared to cope with the magnitude of such a crisis;


### 40. believes that the eu needs further regulatory simplification , the coordination and acceleration of clinical trials at eu level and the digitalisation of health systems; underlines the importance of data in medical research and highlights the european health data space as a key initiative in this field; ### 40. believes that the eu needs further regulatory simplification , the coordination and acceleration of clinical trials at eu level (including reporting results and making data available to fellow researchers) and the digitalisation of health systems; underlines the importance of accessible data in medical research and highlights the european health data space (ehds) as a key initiative in this field;


### 42. calls on the member states to introduce measures that enhance the security of digital networks in order to protect health institutions and patients from cyberattacks; ### 42. calls on the member states to introduce measures that enhance the security of digital networks in order to protect health institutions and patients from cyberattacks as well as guaranteeing the privacy of users and patients;


### 44. is concerned that investment in public healthcare has not been prioritised in all the member states , which leads to staff shortages in this area and consequent low levels of resilience in health systems in the face of new possible emergencies; ### 44. is concerned that investment in public healthcare is not being prioritised in all the member states , which leads to staff shortages in this area and consequent low levels of resilience in health systems during the covid-19 crisis and in the face of new possible emergencies;


### 44. is concerned that investment in public healthcare has not been prioritised in all the member states , which leads to staff shortages in this area and consequent low levels of resilience in health systems in the face of new possible emergencies; ### 44. is concerned that investment in public healthcare has not been prioritised in all the member states , which leads to staff shortages in this area and consequent low levels of resilience in health systems and services in the face of new possible emergencies;


### 45. calls for investments in healthcare personnel to enhance their skills , and support member states in improving their working conditions , in order to attract the next generation of healthcare workers and address the lack of medical professionals and brain drain within the union; ### 45. calls for investments in healthcare personnel to enhance their skills , to allows dignified , stable and quality employment and support member states in improving their working conditions , in order to attract the next generation of healthcare workers and address the lack of medical professionals and brain drain within the union;


### 45. calls for investments in healthcare personnel to enhance their skills , and support member states in improving their working conditions , in order to attract the next generation of healthcare workers and address the lack of medical professionals and brain drain within the union; ### 45. calls for investments in healthcare personnel to support member states in improving their working conditions , physical and mental health , salary , and attract the next generation of healthcare workers and address the lack of medical professionals and brain drain within the union;


### 46. reiterates that the eu needs to take a stronger role in guiding and orienting the improvement of public health , as all member states should consider health a strategic asset for investments and not a cost to be minimised; ### 46. reiterates that the eu needs to take a stronger role in guiding and orienting the improvement of public health and social care , as all member states should consider health a strategic asset for investments and not a cost to be minimised; furthermore , care and social care should be removed from any austerity measures in the case of the economic crisis;


### 46. reiterates that the eu needs to take a stronger role in guiding and orienting the improvement of public health , as all member states should consider health a strategic asset for investments and not a cost to be minimised; ### 46. reiterates that the eu needs to take a stronger role in guiding and orienting the improvement of public health , as all member states should consider public health a priority in public investment and not a cost to be minimised;


### role of primary care in building resilient health systems ### vii) role of primary care in building resilient health systems and services ,


### 50. highlights the divergences in healthcare systems among member states and among regions within member states , in particular remote rural areas , the outermost regions and peripheral islands; calls for the use of cohesion policy to even out these divergences; ### 50. highlights the divergences in healthcare systems and services among member states and among regions within member states , in particular remote rural areas , the outermost regions and peripheral islands; calls for the use of cohesion policy to even out these divergences;


### 51. notes that economic support , the government response and stringency indices differed depending on each member state’s income support , fiscal measures and restriction measures; highlights that different demographics and cultural specificities , such as the large population of older people in italy and tourism as an active business sector in southern countries , led to different pandemic socio-economic impacts; ### 51. notes that economic support , the government response and stringency indices differed depending on each member state’s income support , fiscal measures and restriction measures; highlights that different demographics and cultural specificities , led to different pandemic socio-economic impacts;


### 52. notes that lessons learned showed a lack of investment at eu and member state level in comprehensive , integrated surveillance systems and the management of validated , comparable and interoperable data , which led to poor planning and preparedness , although previous investments in research and development (r&d) made it possible for vaccines to be produced; ### 52. notes that lessons learned showed a lack of investment at eu and member state level in comprehensive , integrated surveillance systems and the management of validated , comparable and interoperable data , which contributed to poor planning and preparedness , for the crisis , highlights that previous public investment in r&d made it possible for vaccines to be produced;


### 54. calls for better coordination to enable the timely stockpiling and joint procurement of medical countermeasures in line with the eu’s civil protection mechanism and the resceu stockpile; ### 54. calls for better coordination to enable the timely stockpiling and joint procurement of medical countermeasures in line with the eu’s civil protection mechanism and the resceu stockpile and who recommendations;


### eu health strategic autonomy: strengthening research and innovation investments through public-private partnerships , supported by a globally competitive , effective and sustainable intellectual property (ip) rights protection and incentives system ### eu health strategic autonomy: strengthening research and innovation investments through public investments and public health-driven model of r&d


### 55. calls for the eu and the member states to reduce the eu’s dependence on third countries and to act decisively to prevent drug shortages , address supply chain vulnerabilities in the european system of sourcing medical products and active pharmaceutical ingredients from outside europe and ensure better sharing of data from the industry , earlier projections on where shortages may occur in the future and greater transparency in the production and distribution chain of medicinal products; ### 55. calls for the eu and the member states to reduce the eu’s dependence on third countries and to act decisively to prevent drug shortages , address supply chain vulnerabilities in the european system of sourcing medical products and active pharmaceutical ingredients from outside europe and ensure better sharing of data from the industry , earlier projections on where shortages may occur in the future and greater transparency in the production and supply of medicinal products;


### 56. underlines the importance of robust ip protection in offering incentives in medicinal research and development , and in making europe the leading place for pharmaceutical r&d ### 56. underlines the importance of public funding in medicinal research and development , and in particular in vaccine development , and stresses the value of public return on public investment as well as enforceable access clauses on health technologies generated with public;


### 56. underlines the importance of robust ip protection in offering incentives in medicinal research and development , and in making europe the leading place for pharmaceutical r&;d; ### 56. underlines that there is no proof that increased ip protection leads to improved outcomes in medicinal research and development , and public investments have been instrumental in supporting innovation;


### 57. stresses that stepping up research on and development of responses to pathogens with epidemic and pandemic potential prior to epidemics and pandemics is crucial; recognises that nothing was known about sars-cov-2 and the disease caused by this new virus , including nothing about its genetic sequence (even if the sequence was then shared very soon) or its other characteristics and epidemiological behaviour , such as the methods of infection and transmission and infection , transmission and mutation rates; highlights that , therefore , in the beginning , research was required before a vaccine could be developed and that affected the industry production capacity to develop and deploy vaccines; ### 57. stresses that stepping up research on and development of responses to pathogens with epidemic and pandemic potential prior to epidemics and pandemics is crucial; notes that despite coronaviruses long being recognized as pathogens with pandemic potential , r&d investments were lacking in developing suitable countermeasures ahead of the covid-19 pandemic due to a lack of commercial interest;


### 57. stresses that stepping up research on and development of responses to pathogens with epidemic and pandemic potential prior to epidemics and pandemics is crucial; recognises that nothing was known about sars-cov-2 and the disease caused by this new virus , including nothing about its genetic sequence (even if the sequence was then shared very soon) or its other characteristics and epidemiological behaviour , such as the methods of infection and transmission and infection , transmission and mutation rates; highlights that , therefore , in the beginning , research was required before a vaccine could be developed and that affected the industry production capacity to develop and deploy vaccines; ### 57. stresses that stepping up research on and development of responses to pathogens with epidemic and pandemic potential prior to epidemics and pandemics is crucial; notes that despite coronaviruses long being recognized as pathogens with pandemic potential , r&d investments were lacking in developing suitable countermeasures ahead of the covid-19 pandemic due to a lack of commercial interest. recognizes the coalition of emergency preparedness in innovation (cepi) was created to address the market failure of lack of vaccines for emerging infectious diseases;


### 58. notes that high-income countries facilitated the vaccine market at the beginning of the pandemic , hosting most of the large manufacturing facilities , and that major pharmaceutical corporations enhanced the global production and supply of lifesaving medical tools by ownership of ip , technologies and data; ### deleted


### 59. highlights that the access to covid-19 tools accelerator demonstrated the power of international collaboration , speed , equity , transparency and innovation , because it enabled a rapid response and an unprecedented level of coordination and collaboration among global health agencies to address the pandemic; emphasises , at the same time , the importance of learning lessons from this initiative; ### deleted


### 148. acknowledges that in 2020 , 3.6 % of women’s employment was lost compared to 2.9 % of men’s employment , while the greatest losses were in the americas , followed by asia-pacific , europe and central asia , and africa; notes that in 2021 , there were still 20 million fewer women in work than before the pandemic , compared to 10 million fewer men; notes that women were overrepresented in the hardest-hit sectors , such as the hospitality and food services sector , manufacturing and the health sector; takes the view that those delivering care were at centre stage of the pandemic; notes that a large percentage of workers in care are women who are subject to unequal pay; ### 148. acknowledges that in 2020 , 3.6 % of women’s employment was lost compared to 2.9 % of men’s employment , while the greatest losses were in the americas , followed by asia-pacific , europe and central asia , and africa; notes that in 2021 , there were still 20 million fewer women in work than before the pandemic , compared to 10 million fewer men; notes that women were overrepresented in the hardest-hit sectors , such as the hospitality and food services sector , manufacturing and the health sector; takes the view that those delivering care , including informal carers , residential care workers and homecare workers , were at centre stage of the pandemic; notes that a large percentage of workers in care are women who are subject to unequal pay and could especially be affected by a lack of access to social rights due to high participation in undeclared work;


### 149. highlights that during lockdowns resulting from the pandemic , male violence towards women increased significantly as the restrictive measures fostered a particularly enabling environment for abusers; notes , moreover that digitalisation drove an observable rise in online abuse particularly affecting vulnerable populations; ### 149. highlights that during lockdowns resulting from the pandemic , gender-based violence against women increased significantly as the restrictive measures fostered a particularly enabling environment for abusers; notes , moreover that digitalisation drove an observable rise in online abuse particularly affecting vulnerable populations;


### 154. finds that the pandemic had a disastrous impact on people with disabilities; emphasises that people with disabilities faced discrimination in terms of access to healthcare and difficulty obtaining ppe; stresses that lockdowns resulted in feelings of loneliness , which exacerbated addiction and mental health issues , particularly among low-income families , women , the elderly , children , and people with disabilities , who were the most vulnerable group; notes that the needs of socially disadvantaged groups were not met at the beginning of the first lockdown; points out that social services were not considered critical infrastructure and the important role of socio-economic factors in health risks was not recognised; ### 154. finds that the pandemic had a disastrous impact on people with disabilities; emphasises that people with disabilities faced discrimination in terms of access to healthcare and difficulty obtaining ppe; stresses that lockdowns resulted in feelings of loneliness , which exacerbated addiction and mental health issues , particularly among low-income families , women , the elderly , children , institutionalised people and people with disabilities , who were the most vulnerable group; notes that the needs of socially disadvantaged groups were not met at the beginning of the first lockdown; points out that care and social services , including informal carers and home care were not considered critical infrastructure and the important role of socio-economic factors in health risks was not recognised;


### 155. states that the pandemic had a major impact on the elderly and people with dementia due to their isolation and reduced opportunities for social interaction , as well as the suspension of their daily activities; notes that it also increased signs of depression and anxiety among the elderly and their caregivers as well as increased financial difficulties for the caregivers; points out that this contributed to the progression of the dementia-related symptoms , and adults with dementia and covid-19 experienced serious difficulties in receiving appropriate medical care and assistance; ### 155. states that the pandemic had a major impact on the elderly and people with dementia due to their isolation and reduced opportunities for social interaction , as well as the suspension of their daily activities; notes that it also increased signs of depression and anxiety among the elderly and their caregivers as well as increased financial difficulties and loss of social rights for the caregivers; points out that this contributed to the progression of the dementia-related symptoms , and adults with dementia and covid-19 experienced serious difficulties in receiving appropriate medical care and assistance;


### 157. notes that homeless people faced challenges in staying safe from infection , increasing their mortality risk , and shelters did not operate adequately because of smaller numbers of workers and volunteers; ### 157. notes that homeless people faced challenges in staying safe from infection , increasing their mortality risk , and shelters did not operate adequately because of lack of political will to ensure their protection and access to healthcare;


### 159. calls on the commission and member states to take the necessary steps to make europe a truly business-friendly environment , with increased access to capital , more flexibility and less red tape for european companies so as to enable them to react quickly , continue business innovation and encourage entrepreneurship , while at the same time protecting and enforcing workers’ rights within the eu’s borders; ### deleted


### 163. notes that the commission recommended that member states recognise covid-19 as an occupational disease in certain sectors during a pandemic; ### 163. notes that the commission recommended that member states recognise covid-19 as an occupational in disease prevention , in health and social care and in domiciliary assistance , or in a pandemic context , in sectors where there is an outbreak in activities in which a risk of infection has been proven;


### 60. notes that the pandemic put pressure on global supply chains , including the pharmaceutical sector , resulting in disruptions and unpredictability in the supply of vaccines and other countermeasures; ### 60. notes that the pandemic put pressure on global supply chains , including the pharmaceutical sector , resulting in disruptions and unpredictability in the supply of vaccines and other countermeasures; highlights the need to introduce in the eu pharmaceutical legislation robust measures for the prevention of medicine shortages;


### 63. recalls the critical need for global health and for global supply chains to develop local production and distribution capacities in the eu and in developing countries , notably in terms of pharmaceutical research , development and production and always according to social standards and industry due diligence; calls on the commission to use the industrial , ip and pharmaceutical strategies to bridge the persistent gap in research and medicine production through product-development partnerships and the creation of open centres for research and production; ### 63. recalls the critical need for global health and for global supply chains to develop local production and distribution capacities in the eu and in low and middle income countries , notably in terms of pharmaceutical research , development and production and always according to social standards and industry due diligence; calls on the commission to use the industrial , ip and pharmaceutical strategies to bridge the persistent gap in research and medicine production through product-development partnerships and the creation of open centres for research and production; and calls the commission and member states to create a pan-european r&d infrastructure and delivery organisation for medicines in the public interest , with a public-health driven agenda;


### 63. recalls the critical need for global health and for global supply chains to develop local production and distribution capacities in the eu and in developing countries , notably in terms of pharmaceutical research , development and production and always according to social standards and industry due diligence; calls on the commission to use the industrial , ip and pharmaceutical strategies to bridge the persistent gap in research and medicine production through product-development partnerships and the creation of open centres for research and production; ### 63. recalls the critical need for global health and for global supply chains to develop local production and distribution capacities in the eu and in low and middle income countries , notably in terms of pharmaceutical research , development and production and always according to social standards and industry due diligence; calls on the commission to use the industrial , ip and pharmaceutical strategies to bridge the persistent gap in research and medicine production through product-development partnerships , technology transfer and the creation of open centres for research and production;


### 66. highlights that a framework for compulsory licensing is provided for under the existing agreement on trade-related aspects of intellectual property rights , enabling governments to supply their citizens with generic versions of patented treatments either through domestic production or foreign imports; ### 66. highlights that a framework for compulsory licensing is provided for under the existing agreement on trade-related aspects of intellectual property rights , but that its practical use is hindered by regulatory data protection , trade secrets and restrictions in import and export of components and finished products produced under a compulsory license;


### 67. acknowledges that the eu is a major exporter of vaccines in the world and that it contributed to the worldwide solidarity efforts with the donation of 500 million doses of vaccines; ### 67. acknowledges companies based in the eu is are major exporters of vaccines in the world and that eu institutions have contributed to the worldwide solidarity efforts with the donation of 500 million doses of vaccines;


### 68. believes that the eu needed a common approach for vaccine procurement in order to avoid competition among member states and the undermining of the european project; believes that the exclusivity in the negotiations of vaccines and the early engagement from the member states were successful points in this process; ### 68. believes that the eu needed a common approach for vaccine procurement in order to maximize member states bargaining power; early engagement from the member states were successful points in this process; denounces the lack of transparency in negotiations;


### 68. believes that the eu needed a common approach for vaccine procurement in order to avoid competition among member states and the undermining of the european project; believes that the exclusivity in the negotiations of vaccines and the early engagement from the member states were successful points in this process; ### 68. believes that the eu needed a common approach for vaccine procurement in order to eliminate competition among member states ; believes that the exclusivity in the negotiations of vaccines and the early engagement from the member states were successful points in this process; condemns the lack of transparency in the negotiations ;


### 70. stresses the importance of new joint eu voluntary public-procurement contracts by the commission and the member states , especially for , but not limited to , emergency medicines and unmet therapeutic needs , to improve their affordability and access to them at eu level; calls for such practices to be explored in areas such as rare diseases and cancer through clearly outlined milestones , objectives and commitments agreed on by all parties involved; highlights the need to ensure high levels of transparency in these initiatives and to apply lessons learned from the joint procurement of covid-19 products; stresses that joint procurement must not risk having a negative impact on supply flows by increasing the risk of shortages in the eu; ### 70. stresses the importance of new joint eu voluntary public-procurement contracts by the commission and the member states , especially for , but not limited to; health emergencies highlights the need to ensure high levels of transparency in these initiatives and to apply lessons learned from the joint procurement of covid-19 products; stresses that joint procurement must not risk having a negative impact on supply flows by increasing the risk of shortages in the eu; calls for joint procurement initiatives to diversify the number of suppliers which can help ensuring supply security;


### 71. welcomes the reference in the pharmaceutical strategy for europe to the fact that actions in the area of public procurement can foster competition and improve access to medicines; urges the commission , in the context of directive 2014/24/eu23 , to swiftly propose guidelines for the member states , notably on how to best implement the most economically advantageous tender criteria , looking beyond solely the lowest price criteria; emphasises that security of supply is an essential factor and must be used as a qualitative criterion in connection with the awarding of public pharmacy contracts and calls for tendering for the supply of medicines; emphasises the importance of diversified supplies and sustainable procurement practices for pharmaceuticals;proposes that investments in the manufacture of active ingredients and medicinal end products in the eu should also be retained as an essential criterion , as well asthe number and location of production sites , the reliability of supply , the reinvestment of profits into r&d and the application of social , environmental , ethical and quality standards; ### 71. welcomes the reference in the pharmaceutical strategy for europe to the fact that actions in the area of public procurement can foster competition and improve access to medicines; urges the commission , in the context of directive 2014/24/eu23 , to swiftly propose guidelines for the member states , notably on how to best implement the most economically advantageous tender criteria , looking beyond solely the lowest price criteria; emphasises that security of supply is an essential factor and must be used as a qualitative criterion in connection with the awarding of public pharmacy contracts and calls for tendering for the supply of medicines; emphasises the importance of diversified supplies and sustainable procurement practices for pharmaceuticals in the eu and globally ,proposes that investments are binded to conditionalities including requirements forthe number and location of production sites , the reliability of supply , the reinvestment of profits into r&d , open science , the sharing of data and research resultsand the application of social , environmental , ethical and quality standards;


### 72. highlights the lack of transparency in the joint procurement agreements negotiated with companies , which was justified by respect for the right to confidentiality; stresses that transparency in the work of the eu institutions is of the utmost importance , especially under the conditions of the unprecedented pandemic crisis; ### 72. highlights the lack of transparency in the joint procurement agreements negotiated with companies; stresses that transparency in the work of the eu institutions is of the utmost importance , especially under the conditions of the unprecedented pandemic crisis; highlights that the european parliament resolution on eu transparency in the development , purchase and distribution of covid-19 vaccines (2021/2678(rsp)); calls on the commission to publish nonredacted versions of the purchase agreements entered into without further delay;


### 79. recognises that restrictions and lockdowns led to a rise in mental health issues , particularly for youth; underlines , therefore , the importance of introducing such limiting measures as a last resort; calls for support for eu governments’ actions on mental health with a focus on youth and children , while taking into account the limitations of eu competence in this area; ### 79. recognises that restrictions and lockdowns led to a rise in mental health issues , particularly for youth; underlines , therefore , the importance of introducing such limiting measures as a last resort; notes that health care , care workers and informal carers mental health have been disproportionately affected during the covid-19 pandemics; calls for support for eu governments’ actions on mental health with a focus on youth and children , while taking into account the limitations of eu competence in this area;


### 80. regrets that routine vaccination suffered from setbacks; acknowledges the importance of carrying on and improving these activities to avoid outbreaks of other vaccine-preventable diseases; ### 80. regrets that routine vaccination campaigns suffered from setbacks; acknowledges the importance of carrying on and improving these activities to avoid outbreaks of other vaccine-preventable diseases;


### 83. encourages the eu and member states to implement the european health union package , developing a permanent agenda for health and looking at healthcare as an investment; calls for basic health services to be strengthened , as a way of improving the general state of health of the population; ### 83. encourages the eu and member states to implement the european health union package , developing a permanent agenda for health and looking at public healthcare as an investment; calls for basic health services to be strengthened , as a way of improving the general state of health of the population;


### 182. calls for the eu and member states to invest and develop online tools and digitally empower older people , support online healthcare services and institutions financially and to develop support measures for caregivers; ### 182. calls for the eu and member states to invest and develop online tools and digitally empower older people , support online healthcare services and institutions financially and to develop support measures for caregivers as well informal carers and homecare providers;


### 184. recommends that the eu and member states invest in a health and care plan for the growing elderly population; ### 184. recommends that the eu and member states ensure the right to long-term care is integrated in their social protection systems and to invest in a health and care plan for meeting the needs of the growing elderly population in a socially-just manner;


### 184. recommends that the eu and member states invest in a health and care plan for the growing elderly population; ### 184. recommends that the eu and member states invest in a health and care plan for the growing elderly population , including the residential care facilities;


### 187. notes that in spite of massive growth in the trade of medical products , there have been considerable inefficiencies in access to personal protection equipment; ### 187. notes that in spite of massive growth in the trade of medical products , there have been considerable inefficiencies in access to personal protection equipment; treatments , vaccines and diagnostics , deplores export controls on health goods placed in the early stages of the pandemic in eu and globally;


### 188. notes that it is the governments’ responsibility to facilitate the distribution of medical products and that the wto’s role in this regard is to implement international trade facilitation , to promote international regulatory cooperation in order to boost goods imports and to reduce export bans or restrictions which are detrimental for access to vaccines; ### 188. notes that it is the governments’ responsibility to facilitate the distribution of medical products and that the wto’s role in this regard is to facilitate international trade through international cooperation;


### 189. notes the eu’s dependency on external sources of personal protection equipment and questions the role of the wto in terms of supply chains in this regard; ### 189. notes the eu’s dependency on external sources of personal protection equipment;


### 190. highlights that tariff and non-tariff barriers have limited access to vaccines , and considers that the wto should take action to ensure the free flow of supply chains and vaccine deliveries , notably as regards export restrictions; ### 190. highlights that multiple factors have limited access to vaccines , and considers that the wto should take action to ensure lifting of intellectually property barriers , the free flow of supply chains and vaccine deliveries , notably as regards export restrictions;


### 191. calls for the eu to focus on open strategic autonomy supporting supply chain diversification and resilience , with an open , rules-based multilateral trading system at its core to ensure the global availability of medical products and complemented by a ‘strategic supply chain diversification fund’ to actively support our companies; encourages all countries to join the wto’s agreement on trade in pharmaceutical products and urge for its scope to be extended to all pharmaceutical and medicinal products; ### 191. calls for the eu to focus on open strategic autonomy and supporting global diversification and resilience in production and supply , with an open , rules-based multilateral trading system at its core to ensure the global availability of medical products;


### 192. notes that patent protection is a key incentive for companies to invest in innovation and to produce new medicines; notes , at the same time , that the exclusionary effect of patents may lead to limited market supply and reduced access to medicines and pharmaceutical products; stresses that a balance should be struck between encouraging innovation through the exclusionary effect of patents and ensuring access to medicines and protecting public health; ### 192. notes the importance of public and private investments in innovation and to produce medical tools; notes , at the same time , that the exclusionary effect of patents and other forms of ip protections may lead to limited market supply , exorbitant prices and reduced access to medicines and pharmaceutical products; stresses the need to actively encourage access to innovation and protecting public health; highlights the need to ensure that public funding for biomedical r&d includes conditions that contribute to the availability and affordability of end-products;


### 192. notes that patent protection is a key incentive for companies to invest in innovation and to produce new medicines; notes , at the same time , that the exclusionary effect of patents may lead to limited market supply and reduced access to medicines and pharmaceutical products; stresses that a balance should be struck between encouraging innovation through the exclusionary effect of patents and ensuring access to medicines and protecting public health; ### 192. notes that the exclusionary effect of patents leads to limited market supply and reduced access to medicines and pharmaceutical products; stresses that a balance should be struck between encouraging innovation through the exclusionary effect of patents and ensuring access to medicines and protecting public health; highlights the need to ensure that public funding for biomedical r&d includes conditions that contribute to the availability and affordability of end-products and yield public ownership of ip;


### 193. stresses that wto free trade agreements should not focus exclusively on enforcing ip standards in third countries , but should take into account the impact on generic and biosimilar medicines both in the eu and in third countries , as well as ensure coordination of regulatory standards; ### 193. stresses that wto agreements should not focus on enforcing ip standards in third countries , but should take into account the impact on generic and biosimilar medicines both in the eu and in third countries;


### 194. welcomes the fact that the eu and who have been and remain in close cooperation on every aspect of responses to the pandemic; calls for stronger , more coordinated , international cooperation taking a long-term view and with a stronger who at the centre; ### 194. welcomes the fact that the eu and who have been and remain in close cooperation on every aspect of responses to the pandemic; calls for stronger , more coordinated , international cooperation taking a long-term view and with a stronger well-funded and independent who at the centre;


### 195. emphasises that who accompanied countries from the beginning to the end of their vaccine strategy , until the very last steps of delivery; considers , however , that there were delays and uncertainties in supply , especially in 2021 , and that the situation improved only once global supply was largely meeting global demand; ### 195. emphasises that who accompanied countries from the beginning to the end of their vaccine strategy , until the very last steps of delivery; considers , however , that there was a lack of supply to low- and middle-income countries , especially in 2021 , and that the situation improved only once global supply was largely meeting global demand;


### 196. underlines the need to place safeguards on re-exports in order to prevent illicit trade and avoid boosting existing markets; recognises that the destination must be an eligible country but that in the event of a humanitarian emergency , an initially non-eligible country may be the destination; ### 196. underlines that it is unacceptable that controls were put on re-exportation and donations in eu advance purchase agreements which hampered global access and donations by eu member states.; placing limitations in the movements of health goods during a pandemic is problematic , limiting the ability of governments to access to such goods is not acceptable under international law;


### 197. considers that a multilateral and globally coordinated response is crucial to building up global resilience against future health crises , and that global mechanisms need to be given more importance; notes in this regard that such mechanisms need to work on their own improvement; ### 197. considers that a multilateral and globally coordinated response is crucial to building up global resilience against future health crises , and that global mechanisms need to be more accountable and effective; notes in this regard that existing mechanisms need to work on their own improvement;


### 198. underlines that one health should be among the most prominent subjects of discussion within the who , particularly as regards to the animal-human interface; notes that , although the who one health panel already has given recommendations , there is still a need to find ways to implement them; ### 198. underlines that one health approach should remain central to the who , particularly as regards to the animal-human interface; and its approach to anti-microbial resistance (amr);notes that , although the who one health panel already has given recommendations , there is still a need to find ways to implement them at the national and regional levels;


### 198. underlines that one health should be among the most prominent subjects of discussion within the who , particularly as regards to the animal-human interface; notes that , although the who one health panel already has given recommendations , there is still a need to find ways to implement them; ### 198. underlines that one health approach should remain central to who particularly as regards to the animal-human interface and its approach to anti-microbial resistance (amr); notes that , although the who one health panel already has given recommendations , there is still a need to find ways to implement them at the national and regional levels;


### 200. highlights the fact that covid-19 vaccines global access (covax) was key to delivering vaccines to low and middle-income countries given that their facilities and capacities were built on existing ones; notes that most of low and middle-income countries’ doses came from covax; ### 200. highlights the fact that covid-19 vaccines global access (covax) was created with the aim of delivering vaccines to low and middle-income countries but did not live up to expectations , accumulating delays and failing to meet lmic needs; notes that most of low and middle-income countries’ doses had significant lower immunization rates than high-income countries;


### 200. highlights the fact that covid-19 vaccines global access (covax) was key to delivering vaccines to low and middle-income countries given that their facilities and capacities were built on existing ones; notes that most of low and middle-income countries’ doses came from covax; ### 200. highlights the fact that covid-19 vaccines global access (covax) was created with the aim of delivering vaccines to low and middle-income countries but did not live up to expectations , accumulating delays and failing to meet lmic needs; notes that most of low and middle-income countries had significant lower immunization rates than high-income countries;


### 201. recognises that there is considerable effort at the global scale to increase production capacity; welcomes the fact that the eu became a model in that matter and a large investor both in terms of push (before development) and pull (advance purchase agreements) investments , which made it possible to secure enough vaccines; ### deleted


### 202. underlines that public-private cooperation during a pandemic emergency is structurally different from cooperation under ‘normal’ circumstances , where the public side provides long-term investment , additional grants or loans and the private side delivers the product; emphasises that in a pandemic situation , where much more risk is involved , public funding plays an even bigger role in the development cycle of the product (vaccine) , in conjunction with advance purchase agreements before regulatory approval; notes that this can work only if global frameworks are well crafted and if there is close coordination between all the actors involved; ### 202. emphasises that in a pandemic situation , where much more urgency and uncertainty are involved , public funding plays an even bigger role in the development cycle of the product (vaccine) , in conjunction with advance purchase agreements before regulatory approval; stresses the importance to attach access and transparency conditions to the public funding particularly in emergencies and pandemics , and comprises public ownership of ip;


### 202. underlines that public-private cooperation during a pandemic emergency is structurally different from cooperation under ‘normal’ circumstances , where the public side provides long-term investment , additional grants or loans and the private side delivers the product; emphasises that in a pandemic situation , where much more risk is involved , public funding plays an even bigger role in the development cycle of the product (vaccine) , in conjunction with advance purchase agreements before regulatory approval; notes that this can work only if global frameworks are well crafted and if there is close coordination between all the actors involved; ### 202. notes the public-private cooperation where the public side provides long-term investment , additional grants or loans and the private side delivers the product; emphasises that in a pandemic situation , where much more urgency and uncertainty are involved , public funding may play an even bigger role in the development cycle of the product (vaccine) , in conjunction with advance purchase agreements before regulatory approval; stresses the importance to attach access and transparency conditions to the public funding particularly in emergencies and pandemics ;


### 203. considers that team europe has proved to be central in terms of solidarity and underlines the eu’s leadership in the global response to the pandemic; ### deleted


### 204. notes that team europe has played a key role in supporting r&d efforts in africa to address the provision of critical resources and technical support to help african countries respond effectively to the pandemic and build resilience for the future; ### deleted


### 205. notes that the covid-19 task force of the commission’s directorate-general for internal market , industry , entrepreneurship and smes (dg grow) was central to increasing the eu’s strategic autonomy and resilience in the face of the pandemic , by supporting research and innovation , strengthening supply chains , and encouraging greater cooperation and coordination between member states; ### deleted


### 206. considers that safeguarding the unity of the eu single market and the use of its economic and political leverage was made possible by the development of the external dimension of the eu’s operational autonomy , through the eu-wide export authorisation mechanism; ### deleted


### 207. considers that although the level of public funding for r&d was sufficient for the rapid development of vaccines , manufacturing capacities in the eu were scaled up too slowly to match needs; ### deleted


### 207. considers that although the level of public funding for r&d was sufficient for the rapid development of vaccines , manufacturing capacities in the eu were scaled up too slowly to match needs; ### 207. considers that although the level of public funding for r&d was sufficient for the rapid development of vaccines , manufacturing capacities in the eu were scaled up too slowly to match needs; stresses that sharing ip and know-how is necessary to ensure large-scale production and global availability of medical countermeasures;


### 208. considers it essential to ensure the openness of global supply chains to eu manufacturers , by maintaining close cooperation with the eu’s international partners and counterparts and by responsibly responding to protectionist reflexes from said counterparts , such as the america first principle; ### deleted


### 209. asks for tools to be set up allowing the commission to implement reciprocal trade policies when needed (to counter the defence production act , for example) , and thereby maintain an equal balance of power and bargaining abilities; ### deleted


### 210. emphasises that the eu has taken the lead in the global response and solidarity and must continue to play this role; considers that the eu must continue to lead vaccine solidarity around the world and that vaccine solidarity is part of the eu’s one health approach; ### deleted


### 211. underlines that the world is likely to face new epidemics and pandemics in the future and that the eu’s one health approach entails being active in global preparedness , notably regarding the loss of biodiversity that is driving pandemics; ### deleted


### 212. highlights that in the face of the current geopolitics of globalisation , the eu should detect high-risk dependencies and establish production capacities for related products in the eu; asks for a single market emergency instrument to be established enabling the eu , in the event of a crisis , to act directly and coercively to protect the single market; ### deleted


### 213. underlines the need to shift to a more pragmatic trade policy and that targeted protectionist instruments can be appropriate tools to enhance the eu’s bargaining power , protect the eu’s fundamental interests and ultimately ensure that global supply chains are actually open to the eu; ### deleted


### 214. notes the close cooperation between the coalition for epidemic preparedness innovations (cepi) and the global alliance for vaccines and immunizations (gavi) , under the auspices of the who and unicef , leading to the creation of covax , which aimed to ensure that cepi’s funding led to vaccines that would be accessible to all; ### 214. notes the close cooperation between the coalition for epidemic preparedness innovations (cepi) and the global alliance for vaccines and immunizations (gavi) , under the auspices of the who and unicef , leading to the creation of covax , which aimed to ensure that cepi’s funding led to vaccines that would be accessible to all; yet failed to deliver on this promise;


### 214. notes the close cooperation between the coalition for epidemic preparedness innovations (cepi) and the global alliance for vaccines and immunizations (gavi) , under the auspices of the who and unicef , leading to the creation of covax , which aimed to ensure that cepi’s funding led to vaccines that would be accessible to all; ### 214. notes the close cooperation between the coalition for epidemic preparedness innovations (cepi) and the global alliance for vaccines and immunizations (gavi) , under the auspices of the who and unicef , leading to the creation of covax , which aimed to ensure that cepi’s funding led to vaccines that would be accessible to all , yet failed to deliver on this promise;


### 216. welcomes the fact that equitable access to vaccines has been the top priority of global foundations , including cepi and gavi , and that cepi has been putting in practice the not-for-profit / no-loss principle for vaccines intended for low- and middle-income countries; ### 216. welcomes the fact that equitable access to vaccines has been the top priority of global foundations , including cepi and gavi , yet notes that cepi investments did not resulted in priority access to approved vaccines for covax , as only 1 of the 9 vaccine candidates in cepi’s portfolio ended up being supplied through covax in 2021;


### 217. considers that while donation of doses is good , these donations have to be thoroughly planned to ensure they make an optimal contribution to the recipients’ vaccination strategies; ### 217. considers that while donation of doses may be appropriate in some cases , these donations need taken into account its needs , possibilities and requirements of the recipient country and have to be thoroughly planned to ensure they make an optimal contribution to the recipients’ vaccination strategies;


### 217. considers that while donation of doses is good , these donations have to be thoroughly planned to ensure they make an optimal contribution to the recipients’ vaccination strategies; ### 217. considers that while donation of doses is good , these donations need to take into account needs , possibilities and requirements of the recipient country and have to be thoroughly planned to ensure they make an optimal contribution to the recipients’ vaccination strategies;


### 89. calls on the member states to properly finance their health systems in order to ensure their immediate and long-term resilience , and to invest in critical health infrastructure , tools , structures , processes and laboratory capacity; ### 89. calls on the member states to properly finance their health systems in order to ensure their immediate and long-term resilience , and to invest in critical public health infrastructure , tools , structures , processes and laboratory capacity;


### 90. believes , considering that by nature pandemics are very unpredictable and with the benefit of hindsight , that lessons need to be learned on how to be better prepared for negotiations with companies in order to avoid ending up with surplus vaccines and medical countermeasures; ### 90. believes , considering that by nature pandemics are very unpredictable and with the benefit of hindsight , that lessons need to be learned from joint procurement initiatives on how to be better prepared for negotiations with companies in order to avoid ending up with delivery delays or surplus vaccines and medical countermeasures;


### 91. urges the improvement of common and joint procurement procedures in emergency situations and a more coordinated approach , allowing for contracts to be adapted; ### 91. urges the improvement of common and joint procurement procedures in emergency situations and a more coordinated approach , allowing for contracts to be adapted; calls on the commission and member states to ensure that advance purchases follow principles of fair pricing , transparency , ip sharing , and a fair return of public investment; stresses the need to ensure that manufacturers remain liable and fully responsible for compensating injured consumers economically;


### 92. recommends that the eu establish adequate systems to provide manufacturers with proper at-risk funding during emergencies in order to quickly adapt and scale-up production , avoiding disruptions and shortages of medicines , medical devices and services; ### 92. recommends that the eu establish adequate systems to provide manufacturers with proper at-risk funding during emergencies in order to quickly adapt and scale-up production , avoiding disruptions and shortages;of health technologies , medical products and services; such mechanisms shall be transparent and contingent to approval and revision by legislative bodies;


### 93. calls on the commission to ensure that the revision of the general pharmaceutical legislation builds on a good understanding of the root causes of medicine shortages; highlights the need for the union’s pharmaceutical industry to have a diversified supply chain and a medicine-shortage risk-mitigation plan to cope with any vulnerabilities and risks to the supply chain; ### 93. calls on the commission to ensure that the revision of the general pharmaceutical legislation builds on a good understanding of the root causes of medicine shortages and puts the focus on preventative measures; highlights the need for the union’s pharmaceutical industry to have a diversified supply chain and a medicine-shortage risk mitigation plan to cope with any vulnerabilities and risks to the supply chain; stresses the importance of requiring pharmaceutical companies to have adequate levels of safety stocks and to provide early notice of medicine shortages;


### 95. proposes that global supply chains be opened to the eu in order to prevent tariff retaliation and that stronger provisions be promoted within contracts , especially related to supply disruptions; calls for the detection of high-risk dependencies and the establishment of production capacities of related products in the eu; ### 95. proposes that stronger provisions be promoted within contracts , especially related to supply disruptions; calls for the detection of high-risk dependencies and the establishment of production capacities of related products in the eu; stresses the need to organize public and non-profit production of medicines;


### 95. proposes that global supply chains be opened to the eu in order to prevent tariff retaliation and that stronger provisions be promoted within contracts , especially related to supply disruptions; calls for the detection of high-risk dependencies and the establishment of production capacities of related products in the eu; ### 95. proposes that stronger provisions be promoted within contracts , especially related to supply disruptions; calls for the detection of high-risk dependencies and the establishment of production capacities of related products in the eu; stresses the need to facilitate non-profit production of medicines;


### 97. believes that the eu should ensure better sharing of data from the industry , earlier projections on where shortages may occur in the future and greater transparency in the production and distribution chain of medicinal products where this would promote the availability and accessibility of medicines without infringing on business sensitive information; ### 97. believes that the eu should ensure better sharing of data from the industry , earlier projections on where shortages may occur in the future and greater transparency in the production and distribution chain of medicinal products where this would promote the availability and accessibility of medicines;


### 97. believes that the eu should ensure better sharing of data from the industry , earlier projections on where shortages may occur in the future and greater transparency in the production and distribution chain of medicinal products where this would promote the availability and accessibility of medicines without infringing on business sensitive information; ### 97. believes that the eu should ensure better sharing of data from the industry , earlier projections on where shortages may occur in the future and greater transparency in the production and distribution chain of medicinal products where this would promote the availability and accessibility of medicines prioritising public interest;


### 99. calls on the commission to promote dialogue with the member states and all relevant stakeholders to promote ‘made in europe’ pharmaceuticals by strengthening manufacturing and supply resilience and by assessing additional criteria for national pricing at no additional cost to patients and without prejudice to the sustainability of the health system; stresses that these criteria should include high environmental manufacturing standards , robust supply chain management and investment in innovation and research; believes that stimulating and building on an attractive european industrial ecosystem for the pharmaceutical sector is one of the key conditions for continuing to foster the relocation of production facilities back to the eu; believes further that relocations of this kind can help to make eu healthcare systems more independent from third countries and more resilient to disruptions; ### 99. calls on the commission to promote dialogue with the member states and all relevant stakeholders to promote ‘made in europe’ pharmaceuticals by strengthening manufacturing and supply resilience and by assessing additional criteria for national pricing at no additional cost to patients and without prejudice to the sustainability of the health system; stresses that these criteria should include high environmental manufacturing standards , robust supply chain management and demonstrable investment in innovation and research; believes that stimulating and building on an attractive european industrial ecosystem for the pharmaceutical sector is one of the key conditions for continuing to foster the relocation of production facilities back to the eu; believes further that relocations of this kind can help to make eu healthcare systems more independent from third countries and more resilient to disruptions; expresses concern that such efforts could increase prices of medical tools in the eu and globally;


### 100. recommends the simplification and harmonisation of regulatory procedures for the approval of vaccines and medicines in order to improve the fluidity of global supply chains; ### 100. recommends the simplification and harmonisation of regulatory procedures without sacrificing safety and quality controls for the approval of vaccines and medicines in order to improve the fluidity of global supply chains;


### 101. suggests developing networks that can be mobilised to produce a variety of technologies at short notice (such as the eu fab) and address supply chain challenges and trade barriers that impact the production process; ### 101. suggests developing networks that can be mobilised to produce a variety of technologies at short notice (such as the eu fab) and address supply chain challenges and trade barriers that impact the production process; stresses the need to facilitate non-profit production of medicines;


### 101. suggests developing networks that can be mobilised to produce a variety of technologies at short notice (such as the eu fab) and address supply chain challenges and trade barriers that impact the production process; ### 101. suggests developing networks that can be mobilised to produce a variety of technologies at short notice (such as the eu fab) and address supply chain challenges and trade barriers that impact the production and distribution processes;


### 102. encourages further investment in r&d , by increasing the resources of the eu framework programme for research and innovation and the eu4health programme , and establishing hera as a future eu agency supporting research to make vaccines available in times of crisis; ### 102. encourages further investment in r&d , by streamlining and better use resources of the horizon europe and imi and the eu4health programme , and hera , as a future eu agency supporting research to make vaccines and other strategic health technologies available in times of crisis; to address unmet health needs and by leveraging such public investments to ensure more affordable and better accessible end-products;


### 102. encourages further investment in r&d , by increasing the resources of the eu framework programme for research and innovation and the eu4health programme , and establishing hera as a future eu agency supporting research to make vaccines available in times of crisis; ### 102. encourages further investment in r&d , by the streamline and better use of the resources of horizon europe and imi and the eu4health programme , and hera as a future eu agency supporting research to make vaccines available in times of crisis; calls for the creation of a european medicines infrastructure for pharmaceutical r&d in the public interest , with a public-driven r&d agenda and laboratory capacity;


### 104. calls on the commission to periodically evaluate and review the incentive system , increase price transparency , and highlight the factors limiting affordability and patient access to medicinal products; ### 104. calls on the commission to periodically evaluate and review the performance of incentive system , ensure net price transparency , and highlight the factors limiting affordability of health technologies and the economic sustainability of public health systems;


### 105. encourages responsible ways to enhance transparency regarding public vaccine funding and procurement , the real costs of r&d , and access to clinical trials results and related data through the clinical trial information system; ### 105. encourages full transparency regarding public funding and procurement , the real costs of r&d , and access to clinical trials results and related data through the clinical trial information system;


### 105. encourages responsible ways to enhance transparency regarding public vaccine funding and procurement , the real costs of r&d , and access to clinical trials results and related data through the clinical trial information system; ### 105. encourages responsible ways to enhance transparency regarding public funding and procurement , the real costs of r&d , and access to clinical trials results and related data through the clinical trial information system;


### 106. urges the commission , member states and manufacturers to communicate the potential side effects of vaccines better and to do so in a consistent and coordinated way so as to avoid vaccine hesitancy and misinformation; ### 106. urges the commission , member states and manufacturers to communicate the potential side effects of vaccines better and to do so in a consistent and coordinated way so as to avoid vaccine hesitancy and misinformation; stresses the importance of pharmacovigilance , mitigation measures to prevent adverse reactions , liability , and swift compensation in case of injury;


### 107. calls for hera to be made an autonomous agency , with a strong and well-defined mandate from council and parliament (including a proper industrial role and mandate) , and a budget to fulfil its mandate and increase resources; calls for hera to have a role in safeguarding the public interest; ### 107. calls for hera to be made an autonomous agency , with a strong and well-defined mandate from council and parliament (including a proper industrial role and mandate) , and a budget to fulfil its mandate and increase resources; calls for hera to have a role in safeguarding the public interest including through access conditions and legal options to mandate technology transfer and knowledge sharing; calls for hera's governance to have much strengthened transparency and democratic accountability;


### 109. is concerned that during the pandemic the executive branch had the upper hand in emergency decision-making , which undermined the role of the european parliament; calls on the commission and the council to refrain from using article 122 tfeu , and to increase parliamentary control and codecision for various instruments so as to bolster the legitimacy of emergency response actions; ### 109. is concerned that during the pandemic the executive branch dominated emergency decision-making , which undermined the role of the european parliament; calls on the commission and the council to refrain from using article 122 tfeu , and to allow for increased parliamentary control and codecision for various instruments so as to bolster the legitimacy of emergency response actions;


### 1. acknowledges that the spread of the covid-19 has cost the lives of millions of people in europe and the world and has caused irreparable damage , and that the eu , as well as the rest of the world , was not ready to cope with this unprecedented health crisis and its shock waves , which have affected societies and economies worldwide; ### 1. acknowledges that the spread of the covid-19 has cost the lives of millions of people in europe and the world and has caused irreparable damage , and that the eu , as well as the rest of the world , was not ready to cope with this unprecedented health crisis and its shock waves , which have affected societies and economies worldwide , magnifying inequalities that risks growing to irreversible proportions;


### 2. considers that , despite shortcomings and gaps in prevention , preparedness and response , the eu developed a common response to the pandemic and took actions to ensure the swift development and fair distribution of vaccines on the european continent and globally; ### 2. considers that , despite shortcomings and gaps in prevention , preparedness and response , the eu developed a common response to the pandemic and took actions to ensure the swift development of vaccines on the european continent; regrets that despite the public investment in r&d to develop vaccines , diagnostics and treatments to tackle the covid-19 pandemic , the eu and the member states failed to include any binding conditions to guarantee the availability , affordability , and accessibility of medical products to all those in need , including to low- and middle- income countries;


### 4. highlights that the pandemic exacerbated existing structural issues in the health sector , in particular workforce shortages; ### 4. highlights that the pandemic exacerbated existing structural issues in the health sector , in particular workforce shortages and recognising that the avoidable deaths of so many people living in residential facilities will , for many families , be remembered as a defining characteristic of the pandemic. for too long , social care has been the poor relation of the health system. few governments have put in place systems to fund it adequately , despite clear warnings from demographers about ageing populations;


### 4. highlights that the pandemic exacerbated existing structural issues in the health sector , in particular workforce shortages; ### 4. highlights that the pandemic exacerbated existing structural issues in the health sector , in particular workforce shortages and global inequities in production , supply and access to live-saving medical products and health technologies;


### 4. highlights that the pandemic exacerbated existing structural issues in the health sector , in particular workforce shortages; ### 4. highlights that the pandemic exacerbated existing structural issues in the health sector , in particular workforce shortages; and global inequities in production , supply and access to live-saving medical products/ health technologies;


### 4. highlights that the pandemic exacerbated existing structural issues in the health sector , in particular workforce shortages; ### 4. highlights that the pandemic exacerbated existing structural problems in the health sector , in particular workforce shortages;


### 5. affirms the importance of preparedness and resilience in the face of crises , particularly in terms of healthcare systems and supplies , in increasing strategic autonomy in key areas , such as vaccine production and distribution; ### 5. affirms the importance of preparedness and resilience in the face of outbreaks and health emergencies , particularly in terms of healthcare systems and supplies , in increasing strategic autonomy and global diversity/ diversification of production in key areas , such as vaccine and medicine production and supply;


### 5. affirms the importance of preparedness and resilience in the face of crises , particularly in terms of healthcare systems and supplies , in increasing strategic autonomy in key areas , such as vaccine production and distribution; ### 5. affirms the importance of preparedness and resilience in the face of crises , particularly in terms of healthcare systems and services , including better work conditions for health workers and supplies , in increasing strategic autonomy in key areas , such as vaccine production and distribution;


### 8. emphasises that the economy supports our welfare state , personal freedom and a good future; calls for the eu to strengthen its economic performance in hard times by coupling economic and social measures; ### deleted


### 9. highlights that the pandemic has increased inequalities between countries and within countries , that life expectancy in europe has dropped for the first time in 50 years and that the future of the universal coverage and social welfare model has been jeopardised; ### 9. highlights that the pandemic has increased inequalities between countries and within countries , that life expectancy in europe has dropped for the first time in 50 years , that the future of the universal health coverage (uhc) and social welfare model being jeopardised is also the product of several years of austerity measures in health , low salaries and the underfunding of social security in a capitalist model economy;


### 11. emphasises the importance of learning lessons and being better prepared for future crises and stresses that a high level of human health protection must be ensured in the definition and implementation of all union policies and activities; stresses that we are still learning about the effects of covid on health and health systems , in particular the impact of so-called long covid effects; ### 11. emphasises the importance of learning lessons and being better prepared for future crises and stresses that a high level of human health protection must be ensured in the definition and implementation of all union policies and activities; stresses that we are still learning about the effects of covid on health and health systems and services , in particular the impact of so-called long covid effects;


### 11. emphasises the importance of learning lessons and being better prepared for future crises and stresses that a high level of human health protection must be ensured in the definition and implementation of all union policies and activities; stresses that we are still learning about the effects of covid on health and health systems , in particular the impact of so-called long covid effects; ### 11. emphasises the importance of learning lessons and being better prepared for future crises and stresses that the highest level of human health protection must be ensured in the design , definition and implementation of all union policies , legislations and activities; stresses that we are still learning about the effects of covid on health and health systems , in particular the impact of long covid;


### 13. underlines the importance of science-based decision-making and consistent communication with citizens from all the stakeholders involved , including eu and member state public institutions , the scientific community , the private sector and civil society organisations; ### 13. underlines the importance of public health-led , evidence-based and scientifically sound decision-making and consistent communication with citizens from all the stakeholders involved , including eu and member state public institutions , the scientific community , the private sector and civil society organisations;


### 13. underlines the importance of science-based decision-making and consistent communication with citizens from all the stakeholders involved , including eu and member state public institutions , the scientific community , the private sector and civil society organisations; ### 13. underlines the importance of evidence -based and scientifically sound decision-making and consistent communication with citizens from all the stakeholders involved , including eu institutions and member state public offices , the scientific community , the private sector and civil society organisations;


### 15. recognises that all the actions taken during the pandemic were meant to safeguard the right to health and life , but that some actions nevertheless implied the existence of limitations on other fundamental rights; highlights that , because the crisis was unprecedented , governments had to take swift action with very little preparation and a lack of internal expertise; ### 15. recognises that all the actions taken during the pandemic were meant to safeguard the right to health and life , but that some actions nevertheless required the limitations on other fundamental rights; highlights that , because the crisis was unprecedented , governments had to take swift action with very little preparation and a lack policy alternatives;


### 1. underlines the exceptionally uncertain eu economic outlook resulting from the lasting impact of the covid-19 pandemic and the consequences of the war against ukraine; ### 1. underlines the exceptionally uncertain eu health , social and economic outlook resulting from the lasting impact of the covid-19 pandemic and the consequences of the war against ukraine; underlines that the european semester should enable to strengthen member states public healthcare system to ensure high quality , accessible and equitable healthcare for all citizens’ , especially in pandemic periods; emphasises that the union’s recovery from the covid-19 crisis and energy crisis offers a unique opportunity to boost the transition to climate neutrality; stresses the importance of significant public investment to support a fair and inclusive recovery in the eu , upward social and economic convergence , social and economic resilience;


### 1. is concerned that the eu is one of the most exposed advanced economies to downward risks , given its geographical proximity to ukraine and heavy reliance on gas imports from russia; notes that the impact of high energy prices and inflation leads to the erosion of household purchasing power; highlights that a reduction in aggregate demand , combined with less favourable financing conditions , could lead to a sharp decline in investment and therefore in economic growth; ### 1. is concerned that the eu is one of the most exposed advanced economies to downward risks , given its geographical proximity to ukraine and heavy reliance on gas imports from russia; stresses that the impact of high energy prices , inflation and a restrictive monetary policy leads to the erosion of household purchasing power; highlights that a reduction in aggregate demand , combined with less favourable financing conditions , could lead to a sharp decline in investment and therefore in economic growth;


### 2. welcomes the robustness of the labour market; highlights the stabilising effect of national short-time work schemes supported by the european instrument for temporary support to mitigate unemployment risks in an emergency (sure); welcomes the fact that the recovery and resilience facility is mitigating those consequences and contributing to the union’s competitive sustainability; stresses that its successful implementation requires the completion of milestones and targets , in particular compliance with the rule of law and the general regime of conditionality , to be monitored transparently and thoroughly; welcomes the commission’s proposal to include a repowereu chapter in the national recovery and resilience plans; insists that the financing of repowereu must not divert resources away from other eu priorities; ### 2. welcomes the robustness of the labour market; highlights the stabilising effect of national short-time work schemes supported by the european instrument for temporary support to mitigate unemployment risks in an emergency (sure); welcomes the fact that the recovery and resilience facility is mitigating those consequences and contributing to the union’s competitive sustainability; stresses that its successful implementation requires the completion of milestones and targets , in particular compliance with the rule of law and the general regime of conditionality , to be monitored transparently and thoroughly; welcomes the commission’s proposal to include a repowereu chapter in the national recovery and resilience plans; insists that the financing of repowereu must not divert resources away from other eu priorities and especially from cohesion policies;


### 2. stresses that while the primary objective of the european central bank (ecb) is to maintain price stability , the primary objective of the union as a whole should be to minimise the impact of current turbulences on the real economy , thereby defending the wellbeing of its citizens and preserving its production structure and the international competitiveness of its companies; underlines , in this regard , the importance of adequate and coordinated fiscal , structural and regulatory policies that complement the ecb’s monetary policy actions , which are also capable of supporting household incomes and providing targeted support to companies suffering from supply bottlenecks and high energy costs; ### 2. stresses that the primary objective of the union as a whole should be to minimise the impact of current turbulences on the real economy , thereby defending and supporting the wellbeing of its citizens , in particular the most vulnerable ones , and preserving its production structure , as well as decent working conditions; underlines , in this regard , the importance of adequate and coordinated fiscal , public investment and regulatory policies , supporting household incomes and providing targeted support to companies , specially smes , suffering from supply bottlenecks , high energy costs and prooven with no economic capacity;


### 3. stresses that the union budget primarily supports strategic , targeted and growth-enhancing investment and entails a lower risk of inflationary pressure compared to untargeted and extensive national fiscal stimulus; calls on the commission and the member states , in the revision of the eu economic governance framework , to treat gross national income-based contributions to the union budget in the same way as the national investment commitment; ### 3. stresses that the union budget primarily supports strategic , targeted and growth-enhancing investment and entails a lower risk of inflationary pressure compared to untargeted and extensive national fiscal stimulus; considers that a revision of the stability and growth pact is needed in order to promote a just , sustainable and future-oriented economy; calls on the commission and the member states to urgently reform the eu economic governance framework well in advance of the deactivation of the general escape clause in order to effectively promote fair , inclusive and sustainable growth , enhance democratic accountability and avoid a new debt crisis; calls on the commission and the member states , in the revision of the eu economic governance framework , to treat gross national income-based contributions to the union budget in the same way as the national investment commitment;


### 4. is concerned at the economic impact of the aforementioned crises on the union and on national budgets; stresses that crisis response has led member states to adopt extensive economic measures; highlights the long-term impact of these measures on economic sustainability , but considers that it should be possible to return to a state of economic discipline in the long run; is also concerned at the union’s increasing debt repayment obligations if not appropriately handled; stresses that union borrowing should not increase further as long as there are no new own resources to cater for debt repayment. ### 4. is concerned at the social and economic impact of the aforementioned crises on the union and on national budgets; regrets that , in the past , the european semester process has proved insufficient to address social and economic disparities and inequalities in the eu stresses that crisis response has led member states to adopt extensive economic measures; highlights the long-term impact of these measures on economic sustainability; recalls that the design of nextgenerationeu requires debt repayment through the introduction of new own resources to the eu budget;


### 4. recalls that the european semester is a well-established framework for coordinating the budgetary , economic , social and employment policies across the european union; ### 4. notes that the european semester is the framework for coordinating the budgetary , economic , social and employment policies across the european union; regrets the progressively enlarging of its scope of action , which should be further simplified in order not to constrain the sovereignty of the member states;